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1
Tchistyi, Alexei, David Yermack, and Hayong Yun. "Negative Hedging: Performance-Sensitive Debt and CEOs’ Equity Incentives." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 46, no. 3 (February 15, 2011): 657–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109011000068.
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AbstractWe examine the relation between chief executive officers’ equity incentives and their use of performance-sensitive debt contracts. These contracts require higher or lower interest payments when the borrower’s performance deteriorates or improves, thereby increasing expected costs of financial distress while making a firm riskier to the benefit of option holders. We find that managers whose compensation is more sensitive to stock volatility choose steeper and more convex performance pricing schedules, while those with high delta incentives choose flatter, less convex pricing schedules. Performance pricing contracts therefore seem to provide a channel for managers to increase firms’ financial risk to gain private benefits.
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Chen, Zhao, Sang-Ho Lee, and Wei Xu. "R&D Performance in High-Tech Firms in China." Asian Economic Papers 16, no. 3 (November 2017): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00565.
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Using firm-level data from Changzhou, a prefectural city in China's Yangzi River Delta, we investigate the performance of both internal and external research and development (R&D) in high-tech firms. We find that, on average, high-tech firms with more internal R&D expenditure apply for more patents in terms of both the total number of patents and the number of invention patents. Internal R&D is most efficient in foreign firms, followed by private firms and then state-owned enterprises. These findings highlight the importance of privatizing high-tech firms in China if the government intends to accelerate industrial upgrading and convert the pattern of “Made in China” into “Created in China.”
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Ho Dai, Duc, and Khuong Huynh Tan. "The influence of organizational culture and shared leadership on digital transformation and firm performance." Journal of Governance and Regulation 12, no. 3, special issue (2023): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i3siart3.
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The purpose of the paper is articulated well, targeting an essential aspect of modern business management: the impact of organizational culture (OC) and shared leadership (SL) on digital transformation (DT), and its subsequent effect on firm performance (FP). The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in data analysis provides a strong basis for determining relationships between the variables involved, as this method can handle complex relationships effectively. The sample size of 245 managers and information technology (IT) staff across 49 commercial enterprises appears suitable, but the selection only from enterprises in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam may introduce geographical biases into the study. The paper confirms and builds upon established research, indicating a positive correlation between organizational cultural values, shared leadership, digital transformation, and firm performance. Such a connection is crucial in today’s digital age. The paper has rightfully pointed out the limitations of the study, mainly that the generalizability of results may be affected due to the convenience sampling method. Additionally, the geographical limitation (Mekong Delta region) could potentially impact the application of these results to other regions or countries. The authors’ exploration of organizational culture values and shared leadership as drivers of digital transformation in the context of Vietnam offers a fresh perspective, considering that studies in this specific context seem to be limited.
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Otali, Monday, Michael G. Oladokun, and Paul Anih. "Influence of Construction Firm Size on the Level of Adoption of Sustainability Practices in Niger Delta, Nigeria." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0008.
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AbstractThe need to address the problems facing the natural environment and social economic development cannot be overemphasised. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of firm size on the level of implementation of sustainability practices in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Survey design approach was used in the study. Data were obtained through interviews and one thousand one hundred and seventy-nine copies of structured questionnaire administered to representatives of the firms by researchers and research assistants. The methods of data analysis were simple percentage and Spearman’s rank correlation. The result showed that small firms accounted for 84.7 %, medium-sized firms accounted for 11.61 % and large construction firms accounted for 3.73 %. Thus, a majority of firms are small and medium-sized construction companies in Niger Delta. The study revealed that the firm size influenced the level of implementation of firm sustainability practices in the study area. It was concluded that the size of firms had a significant influence on the level of adoption of sustainability practices among the construction firms operating in Niger Delta. It was also concluded that small and medium-sized construction firms recorded poor capacity building and human capital development. The study recommended that small and medium-sized construction firms operating in Niger Delta should improve their level of capacity building and human capital development.
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Otali, Monday, Emmanuel Achuenu, and Godwin Idoro. "Structural Equation Modelling for Establishing Empirical Relationship Between Organisational Innovativeness and Sustainability of Construction Firms in Nigeria." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2021-0001.
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Abstract The quest to implement innovative practices that will lead to a high level of sustainability at the firm level within the construction sector cannot be overemphasised. The aim of this study is to establish the empirical relationship between organisational innovativeness and sustainability of construction firms using a structural equation modelling approach. The study has adopted a survey approach and 1179 copies of structured questionnaire have been administered to construction firm representatives. A total of valid 980 copies of questionnaire have been received giving a response rate of 83.2 %. Data collected have been analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. The correlation coefficient (β = 0.81) shows that organisational innovativeness positively influences the sustainability of construction firms. The study reveals that 66.1 % of the variability in the overall sustainability of construction firms operating in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is accounted for by the implementation of innovative practices by the construction firms. It is concluded that 67.1 %, 83.8 % and 45.7 % of the variability in the construction firm’s social, environmental and economic sustainability, respectively, are explained by the implementation level of innovative practices by the top management teams of the firms. In line with the findings, this study concludes that efficient implementation of innovative practices at the firm level has a significant and positive influence on the overall sustainability of construction firms.
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Vinh Tuong, Phi, Dang Thai Binh, and Nguyen Dinh Hoa. "Impact of transport infrastructure on firm performance: case study of Cuu long delta area, Vietnam." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.04.
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Transport infrastructure plays an important role in promoting the socio-economic development in most countries. In particular, the development of road infrastructure is the basis for promoting enterprises development through expanding market access, lowering logistics cost and inputs cost, etc. The focal point of this paper is to estimate the impact of road infrastructure on firm performance through an empirical research in Cuu Long delta area, Vietnam. By applying the econometric models, the results from this study show that the positive relationship between road infrastructure and firm performance in Cuu Long delta area, and that the level of impact is different across business sectors.
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Casieri, Arturo, Bernardo De Gennaro, Umberto Medicamento, and Luigi Roselli. "Capitale sociale e performance economica: un'applicazione al sistema di produzione dell'olio extra-vergine di oliva biologico della provincia di Bari." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 1 (June 2009): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2009-001002.
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- Social capital and economic firm performances: an application to the organic extravirgin olive oil net-chain in the province of Bari The supply chains of niche market goods like organic products are rapidly evolving. Compared to the conventional supply chains, these are more risky andmarket oriented. Therefore, to build stable networks along and among the chains is becoming an increasingly valuable as a competitive factor. The firms use these networks to exchange tangible and intangible assets. Structural social capital embedded in business networks could influence the firms' competitiveness. In this perspective it can be worthwhile for the possible normative suggestion for policy makers to consider the control over strategic resources spread in the environment out of the firm, as a competitive advantage source, together with the firm's internal resources. The external environment is characterized by a net of inter-firms relationships, which pertain to trade exchange, information exchange, shared norms and resources' association. The strategic resources inside the network, especially information, constitute an asset that companies need to improve their competitive advantage. The structure of relationships enabling the access to those resources, constitute the social capital (sc) which is revealed in the modalities with which firms place themselves in the net: higher the sc, the higher the economic performance. This study aims to show the significance of structural sc in influencing the firms' economic performances in agribusiness. We will try to test this hypothesis by analyzing the organic olive oil production system in the Province of Bari. In this study we refer to the form of sc linked to the firm's position inside the net-chain and to the idea of structural holes. Specifically, we decided to measure sc in terms of network constraints - a more constrained entrepreneurial activity implies less structural holes and therefore less sc. As for the firm performance measures, there are several indexes that could be appropriate: from the well known roi (Return on Investment) and ros (Return on Sale), to revenue. Actually, we selected the last one (revenue). It in fact the results are easier to find, and the productive structure of the firms involved in the organic olive oil processing can be considered quite homogeneous. To measure the structure of the relational web we adopt the Social Network Analysis (sna), a method based on the analysis of the actors (individuals, firms, and institutions) involved in a particular context and on the relationships between them. The subject of the analysis is the extra-virgin organic olive oil net-chain in the province of Bari. A set of economic institutions and organizations both located in this province and out of this territory but involved in processing and in trading the extravirgin organic olive oil. The results obtained, show that also in agribusiness netchains, as the organic olive oil, firms gain a higher competitive advantage if the are able to be central in the network of relationships, both horizontal and vertical, assuming an intermediary role in the transactional and informational flows. Further studies are still necessary, since the analysis completely disregards some key factors of competitiveness (although recognizing their relevance), which are not directly connected to the structure of relationships of the netchain as the relational social capital (e.g. trust, norms and expectations) and cognitive social capital (e.g. shared view, common language).JEL Code: L14Key words: social capital, network analysis, netchain, economic performance, organic olive oil
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Goodnews Loanyie, Komene. "Ecocide Activities and Oil Firms’ Ecological Marketing Practice: A Focus on Agricultural-Economic Sustainability in Niger Delta." World Journal of Business and Management 7, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v7i2.19379.
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This study was carried out to examine the extent to which the ecocide activities in Niger Delta have affected the ecological marketing practices of the oil firms: Shell BP, Agip Oil Company, and Elf Oil Company in the improvement of the agricultural economic wellbeing of the oil-bearing communities in Niger Delta. A descriptive survey research design was employed in this study. The population of the study was 37,965,391 drawn from Niger Delta States based on which a sample size of 400 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane’s sample size determination techniques at 0.5 percent level of significance. The purposive sampling procedure was employed to enable the researcher to select the representative sample elements of the population interest from the right respondents who have adequate knowledge of the study under investigation from the different strata that makes up the population of the study. A structured instrument for data collection containing twenty (20) item questions was used for the study. The face and content validation of the instrument was obtained through the judgment of experts. A test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and the reliability index of .83 was obtained. The data collected for the study were analyzed using the mean score test and the percentage test method to answered the research questions; while the inferential statistics of the Z-score test was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 level of significance. Results obtained revealed that “Ecological marketing practice of the oil firms does not significantly improved agricultural economic poverty, agricultural market failure, agricultural economic frustration, and agricultural land limitation in the oil-bearing communities in Niger Delta”. The implication of this finding is that the oil firms’ ecological sustainability marketing activities was considered to lack the needed proactive improvement values which, if ethical based ecological effort is not adopted to create sustainable improvement; oil firms might experience unpredicted operational interruption by the oil-bearing communities. It was therefore, recommended that oil firms should consider employing proactive ecological marketing efforts in a more ethical and responsible manner to sustain the agricultural economic wellbeing of the oil-bearing communities.
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Shengjun Wang. "Exploring the Relationship between Open Innovation and Innovation Performance in Big Data Environment: The Moderating Effects of Innovation Expropriability." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (April 25, 2024): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2368.
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In the era of big data, the industry environment is complex and volatile, and enterprises need to innovate their business models by creating innovative value networks and reconstructing transaction systems to avoid being eroded in the process of global economic transformation. The traditional closed innovation processes are no longer deemed suitable for advancing firm innovation. Instead, open innovation has become a pivotal strategic choice in the quest to foster innovative developments. This study builds upon the paradox of open innovation (OI) in the age of big data, and introduces the innovation expropriability theory. Utilizing survey data from high-tech industrial park firms in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, it empirically examines the influence of open innovation on firm innovation performance (FIP). Furthermore, it explores the independent and joint moderating effects of rival absorptive capacity (RAC) and appropriability regimes (ARs). The findings reveal that OI significantly improves FIP. The effect of OI on FIP is positively moderated by ARs, while the independent moderating effect of RAC is not significant. However, a joint moderating effect is observed between RAC and ARs. Further investigation reveals that the moderating role of RAC depends on the presence of ARs, indicating a matching relationship between RAC and ARs. This research holds significant implications for firms in implementing open innovation strategies and ensuring effective intellectual property protection to enhance innovation performance in the era of big data.
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Coase, Ronald H. "La struttura istituzionale della produzione *." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 9, no. 3 (October 1, 1991): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907345360.
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Abstract During the two centuries following the publication of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations the economists’ main objective has been to improve his analysis and in particular his basic statement that government regulation and economic planning are not necessary for the functioning of an efficient economy, since the price system (the «invisible hand») can successfully coordinate the economy.However, the excessive attention to prices deviated research from other aspects of the economic system. Coase’s effort, through his articles on «The nature of the firm» (1937) and «The problem of social cost» (1960), was to introduce in the traditional economic theory some institutional elements. The contribution of the first article was essentially the introduction into economic analysis of transaction costs. In the second article it was shown that contracting in absence of transaction costs maximizes the wealth, quite apart from the assignment of property rights.The introduction of institutional elements can be very helpful for reforms in Eastern European countries, because market economy can only work through appropriate institutions.
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Zeng, Ruochen, Saixing Zeng, Xuemei Xie, Chiming Tam, and Tianwei Wan. "WHAT MOTIVATES FIRMS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES TO GO INTERNATIONALIZATION?" Technological and Economic Development of Economy 18, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.677588.
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With advent of economic globalization, internationalization has become one of the most important strategies for firms to achieve sustainable growth. Based on the empirical research in the Yangtze River Delta region in China, the method of Correspondence Analysis was employed to study the motivations for going internationalization of Chinese enterprises. The main findings include: (1) the motivations for internationalization of enterprises depend on their scale, and largesized enterprises are mainly motivated by the purpose of creating global brands and enhancing domestic reputation; (2) the ownership of enterprises has obvious influence on their motivations for going internationalization, and (3) enterprises in different industries also show different levels of motivation for internationalization.
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G.L., Komene, and Nweidua L.P. "Ecological Marketing Practice and Issues of Agricultural Economic Sustainability: A Focus on Oil Firms’ Activities in Niger Delta." British Journal of Management and Marketing Studies 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjmms-ygbkclur.
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This study was carried out to examine the extent to which the ecological marketing practice of the oil firms: Shell BP, Agip Oil Company, and Elf Oil Company have improved agricultural economic wellbeing of the oil-bearing communities in Niger Delta. A descriptive survey research design was employed in this study. The population of the study was 37,965,391 drawn from Niger Delta States based on which a sample size of 400 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane’s sample size determination techniques at 0.5 percent level of significance. The purposive sampling procedure was employed to enable the researcher to select the representative sample elements of the population interest from the right respondents who have adequate knowledge of the study under investigation from the different strata that makes up the population of the study. A structured instrument for data collection containing twenty (20) item questions was used for the study. The face and content validation of the instrument was obtained through the judgment of experts. A test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and the reliability index of .83 was obtained. The data collected for the study were analyzed using the mean score test and the percentage test method to answered the research questions; while the inferential statistics of the Z-score test was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 level of significance. Results obtained revealed that “Ecological marketing practice of the oil firms does not significantly improved agricultural economic poverty, agricultural market failure, agricultural economic frustration, and agricultural land limitation in the oil-bearing communities in Niger Delta”. The implication of this finding is that the oil firms’ ecological sustainability marketing activities was considered to lack the needed proactive improvement values which, if ethical based ecological effort is not adopted to create sustainable improvement; oil firms might experience unpredicted operational interruption by the oil-bearing communities. It was therefore, recommended that oil firms should consider employing proactive ecological marketing efforts in a more ethical and responsible manner to sustain the agricultural economic wellbeing of the oil-bearing communities.
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Onumonu, Ugo Paschal. "The Concept of Niger Delta and Oil Politics in Nigeria from the Pre-colonial Era to the Recent Past." Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 133–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211415.
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Nigerian Niger Delta is known across the globe due to its economic importance related to oil exploration by multinational companies and the related massive coverage of news about the region by international press. A lot has therefore been written about the region, but scholarship is yet to systematically examine the history of the Niger Delta and oil politics in the area during the post-colonial era. This paper therefore critically examines how the concept of the Niger Delta developed and how it has been a factor in the Nigerian politics. The paper adopts an historical-analytical approach, relying on information obtained from primary and secondary sources from archives, newspapers, oral interviews, online sources, and different publications. The paper sheds light on various challenges in the region which over the years have heightened the discourse on the Niger Delta. It argues that the firm grip exacted on the concept of Niger Delta by many forces clearly demonstrates the resilience of multiple stakeholder interests over the region. Although the article focusses on Nigeria, the thrust of its analysis and argument is relevant to Africa in general, and specifically to countries such as Tanzania, Uganda, Southern Sudan and Kenya, where an extraction-based economy has been evolving in recent decades.
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Basdekis, Charalampos, Apostolos Christopoulos, Evgenios Gakias, and Ioannis Katsampoxakis. "The Effect of ECB Unconventional Monetary Policy on Firms’ Performance during the Global Financial Crisis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16050258.
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This study aims to analyse and investigate the most important factors affecting the performance of listed firms in the Athens Stock Exchange, emphasising capital structure, size and sovereign debt rate as a proxy for firms’ borrowing rate. Yet, the most remarkable factor taken into consideration to affect firms’ profitability is the delta of ECB assets as a proxy of the ECB’s strategy during the financial crisis. Indeed, the examination of the ECB’s delta is innovative for such analysis and differentiates this study from previous ones. The survey was conducted for the period 2005–2019, and the sample consisted of 49 firms from all sectors of the economic activity, except for the financial sector, as its companies’ capital structure is subject to supervisory restrictions. Thus, the financial sector’s inclusion in the sample would affect its homogeneity. The sample is divided into two sub periods, based on the statement of ECB’s president Mario Draghi “Whatever it takes,” in 2012, expressing the ECB’s strategy for backing and boosting the Eurozone economy. The empirical approach of our analysis is based on a panel data analysis, which allows the combination of both cross-section and time series data. In addition, we develop, test and analyse four specifications of our main model, each one with a different dependent variable as a proxy for profitability. These variables are EPS (earnings per share), ROE (return on equity), ROA (return on assets) and TOBIN’s Q. Our findings lead to some very interesting conclusions, which in most cases are consistent for the specification of all the examined models. More specifically, the results show a negative influence of debt-to-equity ratio and 10-year Greek yield bond on firms’ profitability regardless of the proxy used (EPS, ROE or TOBIN’s Q), while there is a positive impact of firms’ size and the delta of ECB’s total assets on firms’ profitability. However, the soundest outcome of this study shows that the expansion of the ECB’s balance sheet and the unconventional policy does contribute to the improvement of firms’ performance and economic stability. The findings become even more impressive, considering the turning of ECB’s strategy after the implementation of the unconventional policy in 2012. Our findings are useful for policymakers of international institutions and government authorities as we propose strategies favouring economic stability and economic activity but also for managers and stakeholders who can identify the factors which determine firms’ performance in order to apply the best policies for financing, investments and growth.
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Eke, Agbai, Eugene Aliegba, and Muhammed Baban'umma. "Nature of International Maritime Security Threats in Nigeria Coastal Waters and Economic Development: Delta and Rivers States in Perspective." African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpas.v16i1.19.
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The nature of international maritime security threats in Nigeria coastal waters has huge implications for economic development of Rivers and Delta States because of the geostrategic position of the states in international trade. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of international maritime security threats in Nigeria coastal waters affecting poverty and unemployment levels in Delta and Rivers States. This paper was built around the neo-functionalist integration theory of multilateralism paradigm at systemic level of analysis. The sample size of the study was 385 respondents drawn from a population of 9,925 people comprising of staff from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nigeria Customs Service, Nigeria Police Force and Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency in Delta and Rivers States. The population of the study equally includes staff drawn from Togolese, Benin republic and Senegalese embassies Abuja as well as operators of shipping businesses, fishing groups and oil servicing firms in Warri, Port Harcourt, Oporoza and Bonny. Primary data were collected from close-ended and open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview involving 15 experts. Also, data were collected from secondary source. Data from questionnaire were analysed using simple percentages and absolute frequencies, while data from in-depth interview were analysed using narrative analytic technique. Data from secondary source were analysed using relational-content analysis. Findings showed that the nature of international maritime security threats in Nigerian coastal waters hinders economic development of Delta and Rivers States and trans-border cooperation among littoral states as well as poverty alleviation in the coastal areas are among the strategies for mitigating international maritime security threats affecting economic development in Delta and Rivers States. Among other things, it was recommended that the littoral states should urgently form joint maritime security taskforce for eliminating all threats from the crimes hindering economic development of Delta and Rivers States.
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Ekpe, Bassey, and Israel Wekpe. "Interactivity and Ecomedia in the Digital Age." Interactive Film & Media Journal 3, no. 1 (June 6, 2023): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ifmj.v3i1.1696.
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Interactivity is a fundamental aspect of contemporary digital media and communication, playing a crucial role in the synergistic relationship between filmic representation and video games. This paper examines the interplay between Jeta Amata's eco-film Black November and the video game Niger Delta Commando, focusing on the narratives, themes, and imaginary worlds that define their relationship. In the context of Nigeria's Niger Delta challenges, these media forms provide alternative approaches for addressing environmental issues while maintaining relevance and competing for attention in the entertainment landscape. Nigeria's rapidly growing video game industry holds significant potential for entertainment and economic development. This study acknowledges the integral part played by film in influencing the development of video games, as both mediums share aspects such as camera techniques, narrative structures, visual representation technologies, special effects, and thematic concerns. In this case, Niger Delta Commando allows players to determine the narrative through interactivity, offering a unique and innovative way to address the Niger Delta's environmental challenges. Adopting a dual analytical and descriptive methodology, this paper explores the interrelatedness of the narratives linking Black November and Niger Delta Commando, reconciling leading arguments in ecomedia, and assessing the Nigerian narrative's notions of interactivity, immersion, and environment. The analysis also considers the environmental impacts of media product life cycles and addresses the differential experiences of affected populations. The eco-film Black November is recreated in the interactive video game medium Niger Delta Commando, emphasizing the military action storyline and visual style reminiscent of the Niger Delta region's activist struggles. However, the video game primarily adopts an action-thriller plot without addressing the underlying factors contributing to violence in the region or the environmental degradation detailed in Black November. Media products, including films and video games, have demonstrated their utility as tools for engaging with and analyzing human concerns. With video games becoming increasingly popular and accepted as an artistic medium, adaptations like Niger Delta Commando can provide more immersive representations of environmental issues. The paper proposes that future video games addressing the Niger Delta region should feature complex and nuanced intersections reflecting the region's ecological challenges, moving beyond violence and towards a more constructive engagement with the environment.
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A., Arokodare, M., and Asikhia, O. U. "The Moderating Effect of External Environment on the Relationship Between Strategic Entrepreneurship and Performance of Selected Oil and Gas Service Firms in Lagos and Rivers States, Nigeria." Review of European Studies 12, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v12n2p85.
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Globally, oil and gas service industry is one of the major contributors to the economic development of many nations. However, the industry is faced with problems of poor entrepreneurial orientation, inflexible planning and poor management of external environmental challenges. These problems have negatively affected their overall performance. This study therefore examined the effect of strategic entrepreneurship on overall performance. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design with a target population of 9,324 owners and managers of oil and gas service companies operating in Lagos and Rivers States, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select the sample size of 733 using the Cochran (1997) formula. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple and hierarchical regression methods of analyses. Findings revealed that strategic entrepreneurship components (entrepreneurial orientation and planning flexibility) had significant effect on firm performance (R2 = .216, F-stat = 34.743, p<0.05). Strategic entrepreneurship components significantly affected sales growth (Adj. R2 = .582, F-stat = 98.422, p<0.05); market share (Adj. R2 = .511, F-stat = 58.132, p<0.05); and profitability (Adj. R2 = .410, F-stat = 42.982, p<0.05). External environment significantly moderated the relationship between strategic entrepreneurship and firm performance (ΔR2 = .593, ΔF = 19.256; F-stat = 67.765, p<0.05) all at 5% level of significance. Implications of the findings and recommendations were made.
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Aiello, Francesco, Valeria Pupo, and Fernanda Ricotta. "Un'analisi territoriale della produttivitŕ totale dei fattori in Italia." SCIENZE REGIONALI, no. 2 (July 2012): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/scre2012-002003.
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Questo lavoro presenta un'analisi territoriale della produttivitŕ totale dei fattori (PTF) in Italia dal 1998 al 2006, utilizzando dati di impresa. L'aspetto territoriale č approfondito scomponendo la PTF negli effetti within-firms e between-firms, calcolati per l'intero campione e per sottogruppi di imprese secondo l'appartenenza settoriale, il contenuto innovativo delle produzioni e la loro internazionalizzazione. I risultati sono tre. Il primo conferma il ruolo della PTF quale fattore esplicativo dell'andamento della produttivitŕ del lavoro. Il secondo indica l'avvio di un ammodernamento del sistema industriale che ha consentito di ridurre gli effetti del rallentamento della produttivitŕ. Infine, questo processo di ristrutturazione ha avuto esiti differenti nelle diverse aree del paese, senza modificare il dualismo tecnologico dell'economia italiana.
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Onyema, Lawrence, Agbeche Aaron, Odili Pope, and Amadi Subai. "CORPORATE FORESIGHT AND ORGANISATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY OF OIL SERVICING COMPANIES IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA." Journal of Strategic Management 5, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/jsm.599.
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Purpose: The main purpose for this research was to determine the degree at which oil servicing companies’ corporate foresight in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria influences the firm’s sustainability in that region and how the firms are able to take advantage of future competitive advantages.
Methodology: This research adopts the descriptive survey design with the application of simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were the primary means for gathering data from the employees in the oil servicing industry. A total of one hundred and fifty four questionnaires were administered to the senior staff in the selected oil servicing companies in Niger Delta region. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and correlational analysis and supported with statistical package for social science (SPSS).
Findings: organizational sustainability in oil servicing companies in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with emphases to the measures of sustainability like social, environmental and economic.
Unique contribution: The study gave useful perception of oil companies by stating that oil companies’ personnel or managers who are future oriented are the wheel upon which the companies’ future depends.
Keywords: Corporate -Foresight, Organizational-Sustainability, Expert-based Foresight, Model-Based Foresight, Trend-Based Foresight, Environmental, Economic and Social.
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Agbai, Eke, Eugene Aliegba, and Bello Muhammed. "Impact of International Maritime Security Threats on Economic Development of Coastal Areas in Delta and Rivers States." African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpas.v16i1.14.
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With pervasive international maritime security threats in the region, especially sea piracy and oil theft, Nigeria loses huge sums of money in export revenues and this reverberates on the wellbeing of residents of coastal areas whose major means of livelihood depends on the maritime sector. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of international maritime security threats on economic development in coastal areas of Delta and Rivers States with particular reference to unemployment and poverty levels in the areas. This paper is built around the structural conflict theory of Marxism paradigm at state-level of analysis, which is vital in the understanding of how international maritime security is related to the exploitative nature of the capitalist system, which enabled economically advanced countries to buy cheap stolen crude oil from coastal areas in Nigeria. The sample size of the study was 385 respondents drawn from a population of 9,925 people comprising of staff from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nigeria Customs Service, Nigeria Police Force and Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency in delta and Rivers States. The population of the study equally includes staff drawn from Togolese, Benin republic and Senegalese embassies Abuja as well as operators of shipping businesses, fishing groups and oil servicing firms in Warri, Port Harcourt, Oporoza and Bonny. Primary data were collected from close-ended and open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview. Also, data were collected from secondary source. Data from questionnaire were analysed using simple percentages and absolute frequencies, while data from in-depth interview were analysed using narrative analytic technique. Data from secondary source were analysed using relational-content analysis. Findings showed that international maritime security threats in Nigeria maritime domain increases poverty and unemployment levels in coastal areas of Delta and Rivers States as well as transnational cooperation as well as collaboration are among the effective measures in combating negative impacts of international maritime security threats in Nigeria coastal waters on coastal areas in delta and Rivers States. Among other things, it was recommended that the federal government should urgently activate the use of relevant international instruments for combating sea piracy and oil theft in the coastal areas in Rivers and Delta States for enhanced economic development.
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Arapi, Arshela, and Valentina Duka. "Economic Relations between Albania and France 1945–1990." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ajis-2017-0023.
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Abstract France had trade deals with several Balkan countries, which were often carried out by private firms that exchanged mutual interest. It would be of interest that even with Albania resumed exchanges for a category of articles despite the lack of a regular convention. Their purpose was to resume the works on kerosene requirements. This brought about the improvement of the Albanian economy and meeting the needs of the France for these products, which in turn strengthened even more the economic and political relations of the two countries. With the insistence of the French side, on August 1956, a trade agreement was signed between Albania and France, where the French Government allowed the exchange of goods between the two countries as a compensation to French firms seeking to collaborate with our country. It is worth pointing out that the trade relations that Albania had with France until 1964 was generally satisfactory. Albania's export and import plans were satisfactorily fulfilled and a better basis for new successes in forecasts and plans for the future in 1965 was provided. In the official talks with the French side in mid eighties, the Albanian side proposed the establishment of a joint group within the Chambers of Commerce to look at the possibilities of France purchasing our minerals and the possibilities of Albania buying their equipment. Based on the credits opened by French firms and our foreign trade enterprises, the release of the respective goods was followed in both directions. Thus, our companies have been releasing confectionery, towels, clothespins, chairs etc. French companies have continued to release electronic equipment, clay, oil spill delta and various exchange parts. Several other economic agreements were signed between two countries which increased the level of Albanian exports towards France.
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Anthony, Kifordu Anyibuofu, Sunday Isaac Eneh, Charles Effiong, and Idorenyin Udo Etuk. "Entrepreneurship dexterity and small business success culture in Nigeria." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (March 1, 2022): 857–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns1.2171.
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The study focuses on the effect of entrepreneurship dexterity on small business success culture in Nigeria. The specific objectives are to examine the effect of entrepreneurship innovativeness on small business success culture, determine the effect of entrepreneurship creativity on small business success culture and determine how entrepreneurship risk-taking affect sme accomplishment. The population consists of 100 staff in the selected microfinance banks in three senatorial districts in Delta State. The findings of the study showed that entrepreneurship innovativeness has a significant effect on small business success cultures, entrepreneurship creativity has a significant effect on small business success culture, and entrepreneurship risk-taking has a significant effect on small business success culture. The study concluded that innovativeness influences small business success as innovation will enable the firm to improve on current lines of products, bring into the market new products and use better production techniques or equipment that will enhance productivity. The study recommended that innovativeness dexterities increase the likelihood that a firm will realize first-mover advantage and capitalize on emerging market opportunities and generate extraordinary economic performance.
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Zhang, Xu. "Multiple creators of knowledge-intensive service networks: A case study of the Pearl River Delta city-region." Urban Studies 55, no. 9 (June 7, 2017): 2000–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017700805.
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Functional differentiation between cities and the characteristics of their inter-urban networks in the emerging knowledge-intensive service economy have attracted extensive attention in urban studies. However, research on urban networks generated by advanced producer services (APS) activities has focused either on the structures of the networks in general or on the patterns created by various service sectors. In comparison, whether advanced services originating from different regions might generate different inter-city networks is less well studied. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper explores how APS firms with headquarters in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), in mainland China or overseas impact the internal urban system and the external relations of the PRD through their business networks. The findings indicate that while cities in the PRD are connected with each other and with other Chinese cities primarily through the business networks of local and national APS firms, the region’s linkages with overseas services centres are shaped predominantly by major international firms from the developed world. The variegated service geographies created by different types of APS firms within and outside China not only reflect the firms’ different development histories, client orientations in specific markets and home regions’ economic conditions, but they are also significantly shaped by China’s unique regulatory environment and complex state–market relations.
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Dai, Xin, Jie Tang, Qin Huang, and Wenyue Cui. "Knowledge Spillover and Spatial Innovation Growth: Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Delta." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2023): 14370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914370.
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This article explores the relationship between knowledge sources at different levels and corporate innovation from the perspective of urban cluster, with a focus on enterprises. This paper conducted an empirical analysis of 375 listed companies in 27 cities within the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster in China from 2009 to 2019. The findings showed that: (1) Local scientific knowledge spillovers, mediated by industry relevance, positively influence firms’ innovation performance. This study verifies how spatial knowledge is dimensionally reduced from scientific spillovers to industrial technological innovation. (2) Emerging industries acquire relevant scientific knowledge for transformation from a broader regional scope. Regional knowledge creation in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster has stimulated industrial innovation across various sectors, thereby enhancing the overall innovation capacity and level of the urban cluster. (3) Regional diversity significantly affects the process of transforming knowledge into innovation. This paper supports the existence of a unified spatial innovation network among heterogeneous spatial economic entities and emphasizes the innovation synergy from lower to higher levels within heterogeneous hierarchical innovation networks. Developing urban agglomeration strategies that leverage the resource advantages of industrial clusters and adjust industrial layouts is an important approach to promote innovation and economic growth.
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John, P. N., G. J. Udom, and A. C. Tse. "Geotechnical Considerations for Foundation Design in Parts of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta Nigeria." British Journal of Earth Sciences Research 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2023): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n45062.
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This research was to determine geotechnical properties of the subsoils in some part of Yenagoa and environs to obtain proper foundation design parameters, six towns in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa state was investigated. Six geotechnical boreholes was drilled and laboratory studies of soils samples were obtained from 0-20.25m deep. Subsurface soil profiles were delineated followed by determination of their index and mechanical properties, including Atterberg limits, particle sizes distribution, undrained shear strength, shear box test and consolidation coefficient. The general soil profile consists of (from top to bottom), , upper Silty clay horizon (0.0-5.25m thickness) soft to firm for Yenagoa study areas, Medium silty clay horizon (0.75 to 1.5m thickness) soft to firm Yenagoa study areas, low clayey sand horizon (0.75 to 1.5m thickness) soft Yenagoa study areas, peaty clay (1.0m thickness between 3.0-4.0m) soft Igbogene Yenagoa, upper sand horizon (3.0m thickness) silty sand Etegwe town Yenagoa, lower sand horizon (13.5 to 18.0m) silty sand to fine to medium and medium coarse appear in all the boreholes in Yenagoa. Yenagoa sub-soil show clay of high plasticity, silt of intermediate to high plasticity (CH, MI and MH) according to unified soil classification system from the results it shows that pad foundation is more economical in the study areas. Raft foundation is more economical in the six towns study areas of Yenagoa with Allowable bearing capacity of the upper clay layer ranges from 23-128KN/m2 In view of the significant variations in the stratification and engineering geological index properties of the soil in the six towns in Yenagoa while geotechnical data of one location cannot be used as a basis for design of foundation in a nearby land. Axial load carrying capacity for 305, 306mm, 356, 360mm, 406mm, 600and 610mm diameter for bore pile and tubular driven steel cased piles respectively were calculated for all the studies areas. Where high rise building is required in the various study areas. The study shows that the frequent causes of building collapse in Yenagoa are as a result of inadequate geotechnical investigations of the subsoil, poor quality materials, and poor work supervision.
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Le, Huubinh B., and Jules Yimga. "Market Power and Marginal Cost Effects in Competing Markets: Evidence from Airline Mergers." Review of Network Economics 18, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 63–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2018-0024.
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Abstract There are both market power and cost efficiency effects associated with airline mergers. Previous studies, however, have primarily focused on merger price effects, which is the net effect of these two forces. This paper attempts to decompose and measure these effects by using a model that allows us to derive proxies for market power and cost efficiency. In particular, we are interested in merger effects in markets where the merging airlines directly competed prior to their merger. We study two main mergers – Delta/Northwest and United/Continental – and find that both increase market power in markets where the merging airlines competed prior to merger. We also find evidence of marginal cost efficiencies associated with both mergers. These efficiency effects are relatively larger than the market power effects and come from different sources. In the case of the Delta/Northwest merger, efficiencies come from markets where the merging airlines competed prior to the merger, whereas in the case of United/Continental, they come from markets where the merging firms did not compete. The market power effects only stem from markets with pre-existing competition among merging airlines, perhaps due to the elimination of a competitor in those markets. These findings, thus, support the long-standing hypothesis that market power and efficiency are important in motivating horizontal mergers.
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ABDULSALAM, Tajudeen Alaburo, Rofiat Bolanle TAJUDEEN, Samuel Seun OGUNGBEMI, and Bashir Tunji ABDULRAHMAN. "Efficacy of Nigerian Energy Industry's CSI Initiatives on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Optimization in Niger Delta Communities: A PLS-SEM Analysis." Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2024): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/gijmss.v7i2.01.
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Nigeria ranked 146 out of 166 on the 2023 SDG index, scoring 54.3/100, despite a GDP per capita of $5,408. The research investigates the effectiveness of Nigerian energy companies' CSI initiatives in the Niger Delta and their impact on achieving Nigeria's SDGs by 2030. Using an exploratory design, an online survey collected responses from 460 members (representing 92% sample rate) of Niger Delta host communities, analysed using the PLS-SEM model. The results show that CSI initiatives (economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic) are well-practiced among oil and gas firms and correlated with a 68.9% increase in sustainable development indicators in the region. By being backed up by Cronbach’s Alpha (over 0.70) and Composite reliability (over 0.75), the findings criticize the conventional notion that profit-maximization is the sole focus of businesses, particularly in socially and environmentally vulnerable areas. The research suggests implementing a CSI reporting framework, enhancing government oversight, and fostering positive interactions between oil companies and local communities.
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Okuyade, Ogaga. "Precarious Geography: Landscape, Memory, Identity and Ethno-regional Nationalism in Niger Delta Poetry." East-West Cultural Passage 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ewcp-2021-0017.
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Abstract Like most conflicts across the world, the Niger Delta crisis has generated a body of works now labelled Niger Delta literature. These cultural art forms, which are not only programmatic in thrust but also carry a dissenting temper that is laden with counter hegemonic rhetoric, are primarily geared towards underpinning a brutish kind of colonization and corporate greed which has become the stamp of toxic dreaming and dubious progress in Nigeria. This literature draws attention to the debility of the Niger Delta people and to the fact that they are trapped under double hegemons – the Nigerian government and transnational oil firms – that have strategically transformed or reduced this precarious geography and its inhabitants to mere commodities. A close reading of texts on the Niger Delta makes one aware of the politics and structure of the Nigerian economy and the corporate cost of petroculture; moreover, issues of ethno-regional identity, the inequity in the distribution of resources, the near absence of government presence in the Niger Delta and the continuous decay of state infrastructures provide a fertile ground for explaining the resentment expressed by these heavily marginalized people. By protesting their marginality, these poets frame a kind of identity that “others” the Niger Delta people, thereby holding the state accountable for its deplorable conditions and the abysmal underdevelopment of the region considering the quantity of wealth it generates for the Nigerian federation. Paying significant attention to the relationship between the representations of landscape and processes of political and economic transformation and how the landscape becomes the defining index for identity formation in the poetry of Tanure Ojaide and Ibiware Ikiriko, I argue that these poets point to the way in which colonialism and environmental devastation are interlocking systems of domination within the Nigerian nation.
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Wu, Kangmin, Yang Wang, Yuyao Ye, Hongou Zhang, and Guangqing Huang. "Relationship Between the Built Environment and the Location Choice of High-Tech Firms: Evidence from the Pearl River Delta." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133689.
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With the transition in the regional development discourse to knowledge- and innovation-based economics, the cultivation of innovation capacity has gained importance as an initiative to enhance regional sustainability and has emerged as a policy goal. An understanding of the formation of innovation clusters is critical to the cultivation of regional innovation capabilities. Except for the location and regional development conditions’ factors, researchers emphasize a built environment’s role in the formation of innovation clusters. Based on the spatial database of 12,516 high-tech firms in 2017 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), this study developed a conceptual framework for the built environment. The framework comprises living, service, perceptual, industrial, and physical aspects. The direction and intensity of the correlation between built environment factors and high-tech firms are discussed using the spatial regression model and geographical detector (GD) technique. The results show a highly concentrated spatial distribution pattern of high-tech firms in the PRD. A significant county-level spatial autocorrelation is revealed through Moran’s I. According to the model, we determine the positive impacts of technology support, transport infrastructure, and living service levels on the agglomeration of high-tech firms as well as the negative impact of the public service level. The GD’s result demonstrates different levels of impact intensity of built environmental factors. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the influence of built environment factors on innovation agglomeration will help policymakers develop targeted policies to foster local innovation capabilities and promote sustainable regional development.
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Biondi, Teresa. "Donne in rivalsa e nuove “simboliche dei corpi femminili” tra antropomorfismo filmico, moda e idealismo di genere nel primo periodo del cinema viscontiano." dObra[s] – revista da Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Pesquisas em Moda, no. 35 (July 29, 2022): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26563/dobras.i35.1414.
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Il verismo filmico viscontiano riguarda il racconto delle trasformazioni identitarie degli italiani dal dopoguerra al boom economico, e si basa sulla rappresentazione del contesto psico-socio-antropologico in cui “modelli di donne della contemporaneità” appaiono per tratti erotizzati, e sempre emblematici di tentativi di una rivalsa femminile ancora in germe. Nei primi film di Visconti questo particolare aspetto prende dunque forma in toni solo idealmente progressisti e non concreti, rappresentati in personaggi interpretati da dive del tempo quali Giovanna-Calamai in Ossessione (1943), Maddalena-Magnani in Bellissima (1951) e Pupe-Schneider ne Il lavoro (1962). Alla base dei potenziali espressivi di queste opere vi è il valore antropomorfico del cinema, descritto in un suo saggio famoso che sembra più una “dichiarazione di intenti”, un preambolo ai suoi film atto a evidenziare la capacità, tutta da costruire, di riprodurre il valore dell’autenticità umana nella recitazione attoriale e nella scena, o a partire dagli aspetti materiali di cui è composta. Proprio la teoria filmica alla base dei suoi film e la correlata rappresentazione scenica, sia nelle forme simboliche costruite dalla regia, sia in quelle materialistiche dell’insieme di scenografie, costumi e fabbisogno scena, inizialmente assumono i tratti del neorealismo, o come egli precisava del “verismo umano” del quale manterrà sempre il carattere, anche nei film del secondo periodo definito dalla critica barocco e decadentista. Questo cambiamento sarà determinato dalla comprensione che il boom economico e il correlato avvento di una nuova società capitalista hanno cambiato radicalmente la vita e la cultura degli italiani, e non sempre verso il meglio. Per narrare tale cambiamento Visconti definirà nuove forme del racconto “realisticamente pre-strutturate” che mostrano, nella ricchezza della materialità degli ambienti e dei costumi, gli aspetti simbolici di un nuovo verismo umano degenerato dal denaro e spesso celato dietro la maschera dell’apparente crescita sociale. A partire da questo discorso si analizzano i tre personaggi femminili citati sopra, con particolare attenzione a Pupe-Schneider, caso di studio scelto per le particolari connotazioni drammaturgiche costruite tramite elementi barocchi della scena e costumi/abiti del marchio Chanel.
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Li, Yina, Fei Ye, and Chwen Sheu. "Social capital, information sharing and performance." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 34, no. 11 (September 30, 2014): 1440–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2013-0132.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of social resources on promoting information sharing practice and, thereby, improving firm performance. In particular, the authors are interested in addressing the following research questions. First, can the development of social capital (expressed in three dimensions: cognitive capital, structural capital, and relational capital) promote the content and quality of supply chain information sharing? Second, what are the relationships among the three social capital dimensions in the context of information sharing? Third, what are the effects of shared information (content and quality) on firm performance? Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical model and several research hypotheses, well-grounded in the western literature, are developed. Data from 272 manufacturers in China were collected to test the model and the hypotheses. Structural equation modeling was used for statistical analysis. Findings – The statistical results reveal that each social capital dimension has different effects on information sharing and performance. Namely, relational capital and cognitive capital have significant positive influences on information sharing. Structural capital has no direct positive impact on information sharing, but it displays indirect affects through the other two social capital dimensions. Furthermore, both the content and quality of the shared information improve manufacturing efficiency and responsiveness performance. Finally, the paper also recognizes possible reciprocal causality between relational capital and cognitive capital. Research limitations/implications – First, considering the distinct role of social relations in China, future studies should examine the influence of social capital and the potential reciprocal relationship between trust and shared vision, using data from other countries. Second, data were collected solely from the Pearl River Delta, China. Studies based on samples drawn from other regions, such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Bohai Sea economic area, and southwest China, would provide a degree of geographic and economic diversity and extend the generalizability of the results. Practical implications – Despite the touting of the value of information sharing, many companies struggle with the practice. The findings help us understand the process by which social capital accumulates and contributes to information sharing. Namely, firms must first engage in social interactions with supply chain partners in order to develop a trusting relationship and a shared vision for information sharing. The managers must also be aware of the possible reciprocal relationship between trust and shared vision. Both the volume and content of information sharing are critical to the performance. Social implications – Manufacturers can use the concept of social capital to build relational rents for information sharing. Originality/value – Responding to the call from the literature, this study extends the discussion of antecedents and consequences of supply chain information sharing, with a focus on the influences of relational resources. The paper proves that social capital provides a valid theoretical base from which to examine the role of social relations in promoting supply chain information sharing. Previous supply chain research in social capital often limited its consideration of social capital to relational capital. Understanding the effects of all three dimensions of social capital and their inter-relationships would contribute to the process by which social capital accumulates and promotes information sharing. Additionally, a study with the Chinese data should validate the theoretical model developed based on western literature, and offer valuable insights to researchers and practitioners from both economic and cultural perspectives.
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Odiwo, Williams Omokhudu, Sadiq Oshoke Akhor, Peter Eshioke Egielewa, Wilfred Oritsesan Olley, Nefisat Margaret Agol, and Daniel Charles Ozuomode. "Intergroup communication, conflict handling style and the quality relationship of multinational firms with oil producing communities." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 4 (2022): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i4art8.
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The research sought to understand how cross-border oil companies dealt with violence in the Niger Delta utilizing intergroup community strategy. The main goal was to present the best practices used by international oil companies in resolving conflicts with local residents (Odularu, 2008). The survey research design was used to collect data from 115 respondents. It includes senior and junior public relations workers. Because the sample was small, the total population was utilised, although 102 questionnaires were obtained from the 13 foreign oil companies actively seeking oil in the host regions. The data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and regression using SPSS version 22. The study indicated that foreign oil companies often use compromise to resolve disagreements with host communities in the Niger Delta. The essential connection that international oil companies have with oil-producing communities in the region is unfavourable, as is the use of compromise tactics to resolve disputes. The study showed no statistically significant differences between compromise methods and host locations in addressing conflict. This report also proposed that international oil companies should stop dominating and start integrating and cooperating with the region’s oil-producing communities.
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Ozuem, Wilson, Kerry Howell, and Geoff Lancaster. "Corporate social responsibility: towards a context-specific perspective in developing countries." Social Responsibility Journal 10, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-04-2012-0086.
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Purpose – This paper aims to empirically test, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, the external perceptions which hold that a firm that has acted in a socially irresponsible manner can have negative consequences, as an organisation’s success and very survival depends, in part, on satisfying normative expectations from its environment. Design/methodology/approach – A purposive sample of 28 respondents was selected from three communities within the region. In addition, 20 in-depth interviews took place with oil workers, community leaders and elders within the region. These interviews lasted for approximately an hour and were transcribed verbatim. Findings – Drawing on qualitative research methodology, it is proposed that socially responsible investment could promote and facilitate business and social cohesion between corporations and broader communities that impinge on the company, rather than simply viewing business practice exclusively from an economic or political point of view. Research limitations/implications – This study has examined a small range of companies from an interpretivist ethnographic position in the Niger Delta region using data collected from interviews and observations. Future research could take a more positivistic position and explore a wider range of companies using a variety of data collection methods. Practical implications – Understanding corporate social responsibility (CSR) tends to be contextually bound, and should be divorced from the mechanistic Western perspective prevailing in most extant literature. Despite this context-specific notion to CSR relevance, there is still an overwhelming dominance of the understanding of CSR from the Western perspective, so companies should more closely consider local issues when drawing up CSR policy guidelines in a non-Western environment. Originality/value – Forty-eight individuals in the Niger Delta region have been interviewed, and their opinions on CSR issues have been reported.
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Percoco, Marco. "Wealth inequality, redistribution and local development: The case of land reform in Italy." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417691282.
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The role of wealth inequality for local development has long been neglected, although some literature has pointed out its relevance in explaining entrepreneurial and education investment. Among the typologies of assets composing individuals’ wealth, land is of paramount importance in underdeveloped economies specialised in agriculture. Land reforms in terms of redistribution of land ownership are hence expected to boost development through an increase in entrepreneurship rate and human capital stock. In this paper, we consider land reform in Italy, which took place in the 1950s in specific areas across the country. By adopting an Oaxaca-Blinder regression method and using data at a city level on the implementation of the reform for Puglia–Basilicata–Molise in the South of Italy and, as robustness checks, for Maremma in the Centre and Delta del Po in the North of Italy, we have found a positive impact of land redistribution on human capital accumulation and a less significant impact on employment and firm location.
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Schimmenti, Emanuele, Elli Vassiliadis, and Antonino Galati. "Il ruolo delle Tecnologie Informatiche e di Comunicazione e della logistica distributiva sulla competitivitŕ del comparto ortofrutticolo siciliano." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 2 (November 2012): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2012-002002.
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In recent years, the market globalization process has deeply altered the international competitive scene, leading, inevitably, to a revision of companies' strategies and organization structures. It is now widely accepted that Information and Communication Technology (ict) and supply chain logistics management, have an important role in increasing the competitive potential of each company and in the development of entire economic sectors. The importance of these factors for the business strategies of firms, has generated increasing research attention towards the study of their economic and social impact, concerning both the spread of modern information and communication technologies and logistics. This paper mainly proposes, through a direct survey conducted on a group of firms (production and commercial companies), working in the Sicilian fruit and vegetable sector - a strategic sector in the economic and social field for most of the region - to provide empirical evidence regarding the degree of diffusion of ict and its use, as well as on business relationships with the regional distribution logistics system, as they are two of the determinants that can influence companies' competitive potential. Through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (mca) it was possible to filter down the information from the available data and to identify two factors that describe and summarize how the surveyed firms behave. In particular, the analysis highlighted the close connection between the diffusion and use of ict and logistics distribution organization and the firms' physical and economic size. Specifically, the large-size companies, in this case represented by producer organizations and associations, have a medium-high degree of computerization and an efficient logistics organization, which allows them to interface with competitors both in the national and international market. Agricultural cooperatives and individual companies, on the other hand, though having well-developed infrastructure hardware and software, limit their use to basic functions, but above all have greater needs in terms of logistics structures, which are scantly distributed in the region, and this negatively influences the efficiency of fruit and vegetable produce distribution. In this context, the competitive potential of the fruit and vegetable sector, as regards the issues under investigation, is connected, on the one hand, to companies' recognition of the potential offered by ict and efficient logistics and, on the other, to government intervention aimed at overcoming the region's infrastructure limits which are at the heart of inefficiencies in the distribution system.
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Ding, Yuan, Véronique Malleret, and S. Ramakrishna Velamuri. "Institutional complexity and the strategic behaviors of SMEs in transitional environments." International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 514–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-07-2015-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on institutional complexity by highlighting patterns of strategic behaviors of SMEs in institutional environments undergoing large scale transitions. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses five in-depth case studies of medium-sized enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region to study their behaviors over the 2000-2012 period during which the institutional landscape in China underwent major changes. Findings The authors find that when institutional complexity is high, i.e., when neither the planned economy nor the market economy logic dominates, the role of organizational filters is more pronounced. In this situation, firm-level characteristics – its revenues and profitability, its competitive position and future prospects – play a dominant role in determining the nature of the strategic decisions and actions the firm undertakes. Research limitations/implications The findings provide a nuanced perspective on strategic behaviors under institutional complexity. The qualitative research design offers rich insights but limited generalizability. Practical implications The findings offer practical insights to SME leaders in terms of exercising caution in undertaking unrelated diversification during periods of transition from planned to market economies. Originality/value The authors apply the concepts of institutional complexity and organizational filters in a context of large scale institutional transitions to study the strategic behaviors of SMEs over a 12 year period.
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Cangiano, Mimmo. "Raccontare la totalità. Uomini Contro di Francesco Rosi." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 51, no. 1 (February 5, 2017): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585817691958.
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Il saggio si concentra sull’analisi del film Uomini contro (1970) di Francesco Rosi, analizzandolo nell’ottica lukácsiana dei concetti di totalità, tipico e realismo. L’autore intende dimostrare come Rosi, nella sua ‘rilettura’ di Un anno sull’altipiano di Emilio Lussu, abbia portato in gioco una peculiare interpretazione marxista tanto della Grande Guerra quanto del mezzo cinematografico come strumento adatto a fornire un’interpretazione di classe delle numerose relazioni sociali, politiche, economiche che attraversavano il Paese al tempo. Si dimostra poi come Rosi abbia inoltre connesso l’interpretazione dell’evento storico determinato ad una più generale lettura incentrata sugli effetti del primo conflitto mondiale sia nel rapporto di questo con l’Italia del primo ’900, sia con gli sviluppo storici (in particolare il Fascismo) successivi. Rispetto al libro di Lussu, il film di Rosi si caratterizzerebbe dunque non tanto per il suo essere uno riscrittura ‘attualizzante’ (sullo sfondo del ’68 e della guerra in Vietnam) di Un anno sull’altipiano, ma una riscrittura tesa a esaminare il conflitto mondiale (e le interpretazioni ideologiche di questo, Lussu compreso) tanto nell’ottica dialettica del momento storico determinato (rapporto della Grande Guerra con le necessità industriali italiane, ruolo degli intellettuali interventisti, crollo dell’Internazionale socialista, ecc.), quanto momento cardine degli sviluppi successivi del conflitto di classe.
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Pitzalis, Andrea. "Il giovane Alberto Beneduce: gli anni della formazione intellettuale tra la politica e le aspirazioni accademiche (1904-1911)." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 1 (June 2009): 45–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2009-001003.
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- Alberto Beneduce (Caserta, May 29 th 1877 - Rome, April 26 th 1944), politician and an economist, but also also administrator of important government firms, often from himself conceived and created, in pre-republican Italy. Besides being managing director of the INA and the first president of IRI, he was also minister and deputy. The purpose of the paper is to enlighten the link between theoretical training and administrative action, often denied or minimized in the historical debate, by investigating the roots of the economic thought of great figures of manager or public administrators as in the specific case of Beneduce.JEL classification: B310; H700; N440.Keywords: Italian economic thought; Political Economy; Economic history; Beneduce; Montemartini; Walras.
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Venzi, Luca. "Il paesaggio, il colore e il concetto. Su 'Un uomo tranquillo' (1952) di John Ford." La Diana, no. 5 (November 29, 2023): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ladiana-2392.
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Se chiedessimo a chi abbia appena visto, o visto almeno una volta, The Quiet Man (1952, Un uomo tranquillo), uno dei più celebri e più compiuti film non-western di John Ford, di indicare un singolo colore che nel film, splendidamente fotografato da Winton C. Hoch, gli sia parso dominante, quasi certamente questi risponderebbe il verde. A proposito di una presenza a suo dire eccessiva di quello stesso colore nelle immagini del film, evidentemente esagerando, si era del resto subito espresso lo stesso preoccupato presidente della Republic Pictures, Herbert Yates, quando, durante le riprese, visionava dagli Stati Uniti i rushes degli esterni che gli venivano inviati dall’Irlanda. Se, come ricorda Davis, Barbara Ford, figlia del regista e assistente montatrice (non accreditata) nel film, scriveva a suo padre che quanto lui e la sua troupe stavano realizzando le appariva magnifico e che l’Irlanda le sembrava un paese incantato, Yates, che aveva sempre nutrito forti dubbi sulla riuscita economica del film (sarebbe stato invece un enorme successo), osservava per contro, in un telegramma: «È tutto verde. Dite all’operatore di togliere il filtro verde».
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Lam, Nguyen Dinh. "Changes in Funeral Music Practices of Vietnamese People in the Northern Delta, Vietnam." Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 24, no. 1 (July 5, 2024): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v24i1.47436.
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The funeral music of the Vietnamese people in the Northern Delta represents unique type of traditional musical heritage practiced and passed down by many generations of Vietnamese people to this day. Vietnamese people often say: “Sống dầu đèn, chết kèn trống” (If you live with lamp oil, die with trumpets and drums) - meaning that the sound of drums and trumpets at the funeral of the dead is like fire and oil in human life. However, this unique artistic heritage is facing a risk of change, as many traditional qualities in this type of music are gradually hybridizing and disappearing. The main research method of this study is qualitative research, focusing on in-depth interviews with elite artisans - elderly people with good memories and the ability to excel in practicing funeral music. In-depth interviews are done with artisans in families who have practiced and taught funeral music for generations. Research results show that the funeral music of Vietnamese people in the Northern Delta has changed quite a lot compared to tradition; Modern compositions songs are gradually being practiced in the Vietnamese funeral space here. The main reason is that the local cultural heritage management and preservation policy, for many years, was not given much attention. At the same time, pragmatic economic factors resulting from these artisans practicing this heritage in the face of the impact of the new economic context of society - are also the central cause of this transformation. The need to preserve this precious heritage in the cultural and social life of contemporary Vietnamese people is also an issue discussed in this study.
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De Martino, Marcella. "La gestione della logistica nelle filiere agroalimentari: alcune evidenze empiriche in Campania." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 2 (November 2012): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2012-002003.
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Southern Italy is an area with a rich and wide variety of Agri-food products, with high potentiality for growth and internationalisation for those products which are of high quality, have supply chain certification and are a well-known brand abroad. Nevertheless, with reference to logistics, there are several problematic issues that policy makers and business operators have to address. Considering that proper logistics management can improve the competitiveness of Agri-food firms in Southern Italy, this paper analyses three firms in the Campania region which are renowned for their excellence - specialising in various food categories (pasta, wine and mozzarella) - based on a theoretical framework of the relevant literature. Crossanalysis allows us to analyse the impact of some specific drivers regarding logistics outsourcing and to define a set of recommendations for the recovery of competitiveness for Agri-food supply chains.
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Salehi, Mahdi, Hossein Tarighi, and Samaneh Safdari. "The relation between corporate governance mechanisms, executive compensation and audit fees." Management Research Review 41, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 939–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-12-2016-0277.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effects of some corporate governance mechanisms and executive compensation on audit fees in an emerging market. Design/methodology/approach The study population consists of 540 observations and 90 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009-2014. The statistical model used in this study is a multivariate regression model; besides, the statistical technique used to test the hypotheses proposed in this research is panel data. Findings The changes in the value of a CEO’s own firm stock option portfolio, in thousands of rials (Iran’s currency), for a 0.01 change in stock return volatility and stock price are defined as Vega and Delta, respectively. The results demonstrated that there is a positive association between audit fees and delta, but not Vega; this means that a fee premium is linked to CEO Delta incentives. The findings show that Iranian companies pay more audit fees when they give managers more rewards. In addition, the results show that there is not a significant relationship between fees resulting from audit risk and Delta and Vega incentives of the board. Inconsistent with agency theory, the authors found that the independence of board members did not have any effect on audit fees. As a final point, the outcomes of the paper demonstrate that managers who invest in companies under their own management do not have any impact on the amount of audit fee. To put it another way, there is not any significant connection between the board ownership and audit fees. Practical implications This is one of the most important studies that simultaneously surveys the impacts of corporate governance mechanisms and executive compensation in the Iranian audit market. The results of this study will reveal more than the role of corporate governance mechanisms for society and users of financial statements because as tools on the CEO actions, they always have to pay attention to the implementation of corporate principles in the economic entity’ operation. Originality/value The present study has examined the relationship between two cases of corporate governance mechanisms named the board independence and the board ownership with audit fees in a country where, to the authors’ knowledge as in most other developing markets, such a relationship has not been a subject of empirical research. Moreover, the use of a two-dimensional measure of executive compensation, namely, Delta and Vega incentives, primarily considering research undertaken in an emerging market, as a valuable contribution may be observed.
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Aresti, Alessandro. "Parlare del sesso nell’Italia degli anni Sessanta. I Comizi d’amore di Pasolini." Moderna Språk 117, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v117i2.14431.
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I Comizi d’amore di Pasolini sono notoriamente un’inchiesta sull’amore e sul sesso nell’Italia del boom economico (l’anno di uscita è il 1964), articolata in un prologo, tre parti chiamate “Ricerche” e un epilogo. Pasolini, che per l’occasione si cala nel ruolo dell’intervistatore, rivolge le sue domande (incentrate sui temi – e i tabù – della libertà sessuale di maschi e femmine, del dongiovannismo, della prostituzione, dell’omosessualità, ecc.) a persone di diversa età, sesso, condizione sociale, spaziando dal nord industrializzato al sud arcaico e contadino. A mo’ di interludio tra una “ricerca” e l’altra, Pasolini discute dei dati raccolti con Alberto Moravia e Cesare Musatti.Il film, pur nell’inattendibilità documentale sul profilo strettamente statistico-sociologico, offre una serie di dati interessanti sul piano (socio)linguistico. L’obiettivo dell’intervento, nello specifico, è trattare analiticamente, sul piano soprattutto delle scelte lessicali, il comportamento verbale tanto dell’intervistatore quanto degli intervistati in relazione ai temi trattati.
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Youssef, Medhat A., Ahmed H. Ibrahim, and M. El-Sayed El-Badawy Hafez. "Impact Factors on Subcontractor's Cash Flow Management." Civil Engineering Journal 9 (June 13, 2023): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-sp2023-09-08.
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Objective: This study aims to define how to maintain and protect the subcontractor firms' cash flow from economic fluctuation through legally sustainable solutions. Methods/Analysis: We conducted a case study in the Eastern Delta Region of Egypt. A questionnaire containing a list of 22 impact factors on subcontractors' cash flow was distributed across multiple subcontractor firms with an 82% response rate. It was designed to explore the factors causing cash flow instability and analyze them using SPSS statistics. Findings: The study finds that inflation, late payments, non-compensation for late payments, poor subcontractor cash flow management, subcontractor firms' inclination to avoid disputes, material price fluctuation, and non-compensation terms, as well as suppliers rejection of payment delays, are the most critical factors of subcontractor cash flow problems. Novelty/Improvement:The study suggests adding three sub-articles to Article 57 in "Tender Law" as legally sustainable solutions to protect and maintain the firm's growth rate from inflation, late payment, and the inclination to avoid disputes. Also, the study recommends that the owner ensure that cash is available before procuring the general contractors, as stated in Egyptian Law 182 of 2018. This study will contribute to establishing a sustainable win-win relationship between subcontractors and general contractors. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-08 Full Text: PDF
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Wang, Lei, Jun Li, and Shaoqing Huang. "The asymmetric effects of local and global network ties on firms’ innovation performance." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2016-0252.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a theoretical framework examining how local network ties and global network ties affect firms’ innovation performance via their absorptive capacities. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework is empirically tested in a field study with multi-source data collected from a sample of 297 manufacturing firms located in four. Manufacturing clusters in the south-eastern Yangtze River Delta of China. Hypotheses were tested with the use of path analysis with maximum likelihood robust estimates through the structural equation modelling approach. Findings The asymmetry between local network ties (LNT) and global network ties (GNT) in terms of influences on firms’ innovation performance is confirmed by empirical tests. LNT not only significantly and positively contribute to firms’ innovation performance directly but also enhance it indirectly via absorptive capability, whereas GNT exhibit only marginal influence on innovation performance. GNT are shown to boost innovation performance (IP) only indirectly via firms’ absorptive capacities. Knowledge heterogeneity and the difference between domestic and multinational firms’ institutional environment are considered to be the main causes of the asymmetric effects. Originality/value While the previous literature either focused on the mediating role of firms’ knowledge absorptive capacities or investigated the effects of social networks separately, this study incorporates both mechanisms into a single analytical framework to better account for the interactions between network effects and absorptive capacities. The results challenge some previous studies positing that GNT are stronger determinants than LNT in shaping a local firm’s innovation capacity in emerging economies, and the findings emphasize the importance of absorptive capacity in helping local enterprises to leverage external linkages to enhance firm’s innovation performance.
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Perfetto, Simonluca. "Nota Critica sulla Diffusione della Partita Doppia nei Libri Mastri Delle Zecche Del Regno di Napoli. La Firma di Benedetto Cotrugli (Secc. XV-XVI)." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 14, no. 26 (July 3, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v14i26.296.
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Attraverso il confronto di cinque registri contabili compilati dagli ufficiali delle zecche del Regno di Napoli, tra il 1453 e il 1576, l’autore tenta di stabilire quale influenza abbiano avuto nell’apparato burocratico regnicolo le conoscenze di Benedetto Cotrugli in materia di Partita Doppia. I risultati della ricerca pongono in evidenza il differente impiego che il raguseo fece di questo strumento contabile rispetto al Pacioli, in quanto oltre ad esserne stato il primo espositore e ad averlo utilizzato nella gestione della propria azienda, lo diffuse ad ogni livello socio-economico: personale, statale e teorico.Through the comparison of five accounting registers compiled by the officers of the mints of the Kingdom of Naples, between 1453 and 1576, the author attempts to establish what influence had on the reign bureaucratic apparatus the Benedict Cotrugli knowledge regarding Double Entry. The results of research put in evidence the different application that the ragusan did of this accounting tool respect to Pacioli, because over to being the first exhibitor and to have it used in the management of their company, he released it at every socio-economic level: personal, state and theoretical.Por medio de la comparación de cinco registros contables compilados por los oficiales de las fábricas de moneda del Reino de Nápoles, entre 1453 y 1576, el autor intenta establecer qué influencia tuvo en el reino el aparato burocrático el conocimiento de Benedicto Cotrugli sobre la partida doble. Los resultados de la investigación ponen en evidencia la diferente aplicación que hizo el raguseo de esta herramienta contable respecto a Pacioli, ya que al ser el primero en mostrarlo y tenerlo utilizado en la gestión de su empresa, lo lanzó a todos los niveles socioeconómicos: personal, estatal y teórico.
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D. U., Lebechukwu, Odo K. E., Okoro S. N. A., and Raphael M. U. "Contributions of Cooperative Societies to the Development of Small-Scale Industries: A Case Study of Selected Pure Water Manufacturing Firms in Aniocha South L.G.A Delta-State." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 2, no. 2 (March 19, 2024): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-p1xkhd6y.
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The quest for economic survival has made several Nigerians delve into small-scale businesses which has improved the per-capita income of the average Nigerians, and led to the initiation of the Cooperative Scheme. This research unveils the significance of the cooperative society and its multiple effects on the small-scale firms. The benefits inherent in the cooperative societies and the small-scale business are highlighted; and its constraints, funding and prospects are equally identified. Some relevant research instruments aided the methodological approach and consequently, the justification of the empirical study. The study shows that if cooperatives play their proper role in the development of small scale business, specifically pure water manufacturing firms, other entrepreneurs will be encouraged to establish and consolidate their enterprise in a record time. Finally, based on response comparison, the study also shows that the considered factors that affect the contributions of cooperative societies to small scale business development are very significant; and hence should not be overlooked.
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Nguyen, Thi Trang Dai, Ngoc Yen Lam, Thi Nhu Y. Luu, Pham Trinh Thu Vo, Nghiep Minh Tang, and Phuc Hung Nguyen. "EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND FACTORS RELATED TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF YOUNG PHARMACISTS IN THE MEKONG DELTA IN 2023." Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ, no. 7 (May 6, 2024): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.58490/ctump.2024i7.2966.
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Background: The term “Entrepreneurship” refers to innovative, high-risk, and rapidly expanding business ventures that frequently need a substantial cash source. Most of the initial funding comes from individual savings or family’s financial support. The process of becoming an entrepreneur starts with identifying an opportunity and ends with creating a plan to take advantage of it. However, it has never been straightforward or simple to start a firm, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. In order to initiate and maintain a profitable business, pharmacists must train themselves with business startup expertise. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and factors affecting the entrepreneurship of young pharmacists in the Mekong Delta from May 2023 to November 2023. Material and methods: To ascertain the viewpoints of 815 young pharmacists aged from 20 to under 40, this study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and conducted interviews with them, basing on the features of the research item, obtaining knowledge about entrepreneurship and identify some relevant elements. Results: Women made up 69.1% of the young pharmacist workforce, including the majority of college pharmacists (46.5%), university pharmacists (43.1%), and those with master or doctoral degrees (10.4%). 80% were familiar with entrepreneurship, and 90.1% believed that, in order to launch a successful business, entrepreneurs had to have a thorough understanding of the industry in which they planned to operate. 77.8% had high knowledge scores. Regard the total of knowledge scores by characteristics groups, it has been clearly seen in the study that the gender, economic, and educational variables had an impact on general knowledge (p<0.05); in which the college pharmacist category (429.76), along with the rich and the well-off (429.76) had the highest average rankings among the characteristic categories. Conclusions: The majority of young pharmacists in the Mekong Delta were aware of and fairly knowledgeable about entrepreneurship.
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Condren, John. "Mars as the broker of peace: Louis XIV, the House of Savoy, and the Republic of Genoa, 1672-1673." CHEIRON, no. 1 (June 2023): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/che2022-001011.
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Attraverso questo saggio si cercherà di indagare l'incapacità di Casa Savoia, sotto il governo del duca Carlo Emanuele II, di ottenere una rapida vittoria sulla Repubblica di Genova, pur avendo sferrato un at-tacco a sorpresa, nei pressi del mar Ligure, nell'estate del 1672. L'umiliazione della guerra contro Genova del 1672 lasciò un vulnus psicologico, tanto che il figlio di Carlo Emanuele, Vittorio Amedeo II, fu abbastanza prudente da evitare un inutile conflitto con altri stati ita-liani, specialmente quelli che, come Genova, disponevano di una po-tenza navale superiore a quella dei duchi di Savoia. L'intervento di Luigi XIV per giungere alla firma di un trattato di pace tra i belligeranti - il trattato di St-Germain-en-Laye (1673) - determinò un ulteriore imbarazzo per Carlo Emanuele, i cui sogni di gloria militare dovettero infrangersi dinnanzi alla scarsa efficienza bellica.
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Zhang, Weiyang, and Ben Derudder. "How sensitive are measures of polycentricity to the choice of ‘centres’? A methodological and empirical exploration." Urban Studies 56, no. 16 (May 14, 2019): 3339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019843061.
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In the literature dealing with measuring ‘urban polycentricity’, relatively little attention has been paid to the identification of what constitutes an ‘urban centre’. In this paper, we assess the sensitivity of polycentricity measures to one particular aspect of this identification: using the case of ‘polycentric urban regions’, we empirically examine the sensitivity of the ‘level’ of polycentricity to the number of cities included in the analysis. Using a two-mode firm–city data source, we do so by stepwise measuring the polycentricity of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as cities are added to the analysis. This measurement of ‘stepwise polycentricity’ is benchmarked against an ideal typical urban system with a rank-size distribution. The results suggest that the measure of polycentricity is indeed highly sensitive to the choice of the number of cities, so that the alleged level of polycentricity is contingent on the choice of a cut-off point. We propose that the analysis of the sensitivity of polycentricity can help researchers to (1) investigate the different role of cities in shaping polycentric structures of urban regions, and (2) better identify mono- or polycentric structures of urban regions. Analyses of trends in the ‘stepwise polycentricity’ of the YRD and seven other urban regions along the Yangtze River Economic Belt serve to illustrate.