Journal articles: 'Delphinidin-3-rutinoside'

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Thuy, Nguyen Minh, Vo Minh, Tran Ben, My Tuyen Thi Nguyen, Ho Ha, and Ngo Tai. "Identification of Anthocyanin Compounds in Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ultraviolet Coupled to Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154539.

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Butterfly pea flower have great sensory attraction, but they have not yet been used widely in Vietnam. Extracts of butterfly pea flowers can be used conveniently as a natural blue colorant for food products. In this study, the identification of anthocyanin compounds in butterfly pea flowers was performed by UPLC coupled with a UV and Mass spectrometer instrument. Positive and negative ion electrospray MS/MS chromatograms and spectra of the anthocyanin compounds were determined. By analyzing the chromatograms and spectra for each ion, five anthocyanins were identified in the butterfly pea flower extract; these were delphinidin-3-(6”‐p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-(6”-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl) glucose in both cis- and trans- isomers, cyanidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside) and delphinidin-3-pyranoside. Additionally, based on their intensity, it was determined that cyanidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside) was the most abundant anthocyanin, followed by cyanidin 3-(6”-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside), delphinidin-3-(6”-p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-pyranoside. In this study, cyanidin derivatives were discovered in butterfly pea flower extract, where these compounds had not been detected in previous studies.

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Koshioka, Masaji, Naoko Umegaki, Kriangsuk Boontiang, Witayaporn Pornchuti, Kanchit Thammasiri, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Fumi Tatsuzawa, Masayoshi Nakayama, Akira Tateishi, and Satoshi Kubota. "Anthocyanins in the Bracts of Curcuma Species and Relationship of the Species Based on Anthocyanin Composition." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 3 (March 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000320.

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Five anthocyanins, delphinidin 3- O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3- O-rutinoside, petunidin 3- O-rutinoside, malvidin 3- O-glucoside and malvidin 3- O-rutinoside, were identified. Three anthocyanins, delphinidin 3- O-glucoside, cyanidin 3- O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3- O-rutinoside, were putatively identified based on C18 HPLC retention time, absorption spectrum, including λmax, and comparisons with those of corresponding standard anthocyanins, as the compounds responsible for the pink to purple-red pigmentation of the bracts of Curcuma alismatifolia and five related species. Cluster analysis based on four major anthocyanins formed two clusters. One consisted of only one species, C. alismatifolia, and the other consisted of five. Each cluster further formed sub-clusters depending on either species or habitats.

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Pop, Raluca, Adina Căta, Mariana Nela Ștefănuț, and Ioana Maria Carmen Ienașcu. "A computational study of the interactions between anthocyans and cyclodextrins." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 75, no. 11-12 (November 26, 2020): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2020-0072.

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AbstractThe interactions between six anthocyans (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, malvidin-3-O-rutinoside) and cyclodextrins were investigated by means of computational techniques. Four different structures of the aforementioned anthocyans were considered, as a result of the dependence structure – pH value (flavylium cations in acidic medium, hemiketals in neutral solutions and two tautomeric quinones in alkaline environment). The results outlined that the anthocyanidin-3-O-rutinoside are favored for the obtaining of inclusion complexes with the cyclodextrins, mostly due to the larger number of OH groups involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds. For all the four types of structures, best results have been obtained for β- and γ-cyclodextrins.

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Mamedov, M. I., O. N. Pyshnaya, H. A. Shmykova, and V. M. Verba. "Anthocyanin content in eggplant breeding lines selected in VNISSOK under condition of hydroponic small-size cultivation." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2009-3-37-42.

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Fruit color of eggplants is one of the most important traits. In the fruit peel several anthocyanins were identified. It was shown that in fruits of Japanese accessions the basic an anthocyanin was delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl rutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), while other accessions contained tulipanin (delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside). The breeding lines for hydroponic small-size cultivation that was selected by researchers from VNISSOK contained 0,021-0,2l7 grams of anthocyanin per kilogram.

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Gabrielska, Janina, and Jan Oszmiański. "Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanin Glycoside Derivatives Evaluated by the Inhibition of Liposome Oxidation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2005): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-5-606.

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Cyanidin-3-glycosides (arabinoside, rutinoside, galactoside and glucoside) and delphinidin- 3-rutinoside were examined for their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced either by Fe(II) ions, UV irradiation or 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) peroxyl radicals in a liposomal membrane system. The antioxidant abilities of anthocyanins were compared with a water-soluble tocopherol derivative, trolox. The antioxidant efficacies of these compounds were evaluated by their ability to inhibit the fluorescence intensity decay of the extrinsic probe 3-[p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5,-hexatrienyl] phenylpropionic acid, caused by the free radicals generated during peroxidation. All the anthocyanins tested (at concentrations of 15-20 μm) exhibited higher antioxidant activities against Fe(II)-induced peroxidation than UV- and AAPH-induced peroxidation, suggesting that metal chelation may play an important role in determining the antioxidant potency of these compounds. It was also found that delphinidin-3-rutinoside had a higher antioxidant activity against Fe(II)-induced liposome oxidation than cyanidin-3-rutinoside, which indicates an important role of the OH group in the B ring of delphinidin-3-rutinoside in its antioxidant action. The antioxidant activity of all the anthocyanins studied was higher than that of trolox in the case of Fe(II)-induced liposome oxidation and was comparable with the action of trolox in the case of UV- and AAPHinduced liposome membrane oxidation.

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Griesbach, R. J., and L. Batdorf. "Flower Pigments within Hemerocallis fulva L. fm. fulva, fm. rosea, and fm. disticha." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.353.

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Various forms of Hemerocallis fulva differed in their relative anthocyanin: carotenoid ratios and the type of anthocyanin present. Hemerocallis fulva fm. fulva contained a single anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-rutinoside) and two carotenoids (zeaxanthin and lutein). Hemerocallis fulva fm. rosea contained a single anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-rutinoside) and traces of carotenoids. Hemerocallis fulva fm. disticha contained a single anthocyanin (delphinidin-3-rutinoside) and two carotenoids (zeaxanthin and lutein).

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Chhon, Saophea, Jin Jeon, Joonyup Kim, and Sang Un Park. "Accumulation of Anthocyanins through Overexpression of AtPAP1 in Solanum nigrum Lin. (Black Nightshade)." Biomolecules 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020277.

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Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is used as a medicinal herb with health benefits. It has been reported that the black nightshade plant contains various phytochemicals that are associated with antitumor activities. Here we employed a genetic approach to study the effects of overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (AtPAP1) in black nightshade. Ectopic expression of AtPAP1 resulted in enhanced accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the transgenic plants. Analysis of anthocyanin revealed that delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, petunidin 3-O-rutinoside (cis-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-(feruloyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside, and malvidin 3-(feruloyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside are highly induced in the leaves of AtPAP1 overexpression lines. Furthermore, ectopic expression of AtPAP1 evoked expression of early and late biosynthetic genes of the general phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways that include phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), which suggests these genes might be transcriptional targets of AtPAP1 in black nightshade. Concomitantly, the total content of anthocyanin in the transgenic black nightshade plants was higher compared to the control plants, which supports phenotypic changes in color. Our data demonstrate that a major anthocyanin biosynthetic regulator, AtPAP1, can induce accumulation of anthocyanins in the heterologous system of black nightshade through the conserved flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in plants.

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Osterc, Gregor, Maja Mikulic Petkovsek, Franci Stampar, Biljana Kiprovski, Blanka Ravnjak, and Joze Bavcon. "Characterization of Various Color Parameters (Anthocyanins and Flavonols) of Leaves and Flowers in Different Autochthonous Genotypes of Cyclamen purpurascens." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 143, no. 2 (March 2018): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04320-17.

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Common cyclamen (Cyclamen pururascens Mill.) is a very interesting species not only for various breeding programs but also as an ornamental plant. The plants possess interesting floral and foliage characteristics, nice fragrances, and a very useful flavonol profile. The last is very important from the point of view of protecting against diseases and physiological disorders. Twenty-two different genotypes originating from different regions in Slovenia were analyzed in detail, based on their floral and foliage characteristics. Anthocyanin and flavonol contents were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (MS). Color characteristics were colorimetrically evaluated separately for petals and leaves. In terms of color measurements, significant differences among the sites of origin were shown with parameters a* and L* when petals were analyzed, and with parameter a* when leaves were analyzed. The pH of petal sap stayed within the acid range, ranging from 3.96 to 4.82. Five different anthocyanins (malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-neohesperidoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside, and delphinidine-3-rutinoside) were analyzed in flowers, and this is the first report of delphinidin metabolites naturally present in common cyclamen genotypes. In relation to plant leaves, malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, malvidin-3-rutinoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-neohesperidoside, and peonidin-3-neohesperidoside were measured. Fifteen different flavonols were determined in common cyclamen flowers and 10 different flavonols in common cyclamen leaves. Various glycosides of quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol were analyzed, as well as isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside, laricitin-3-rutinoside, and neohesperidin. The floral and foliage characteristics of the genotypes (physical and chemical) were mainly affected by the environmental conditions of the locality of origin of the genotypes (annual disposition of temperature and precipitation, structure of the soil, etc.).

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Antolak, Hubert, Agata Czyzowska, and Dorota Kregiel. "Black Currant (Ribes nigrumL.) and Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) Fruit Juices Inhibit Adhesion ofAsaiaspp." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3671306.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of high-polyphenolic black currant (Ribes nigrumL.) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) juices against bacterial strainsAsaia lannensisandAsaia bogorensisisolated as spoilage of commercial soft drinks. The composition of fruit juices was evaluated using chromatographic techniques HPLC and LC-MS. The adhesion to glass, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate in two different culture media was evaluated by luminometry and the plate count method. The major anthocyanins in theV. myrtilluswere petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin-3-glucoside, while inR. nigrumdelphinidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were detected. The LC-MS analysis showed presence of anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin derivatives), phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids), flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside), and flavanols (procyanidin B2 and procyanidin type A2). Additionally, in the bilberry juice A type procyanidin trimer was detected. The adhesion ofAsaiaspp. cells depended on the type of medium, carbon sources, and the type of abiotic surfaces. We noted that the adhesion was significantly stronger in minimal medium containing sucrose. The addition of bilberry and black currant juices notably reduced bacterial growth as well as cell adhesion to polyethylene terephthalate surfaces.

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Barkallah, Merwan, Judith Nzoughet-Kouassi, Gilles Simard, Loric Thoulouze, Sébastien Marze, Marie-Hélène Ropers, and Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina. "Enhancement of the Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Delphinidin When Encapsulated within Small Extracellular Vesicles." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 4378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124378.

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(1) Background: The anthocyanin delphinidin exhibits anti-angiogenic properties both in in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis models. However, in vivo delphinidin is poorly absorbed, thus its modest bioavailability and stability reduce its anti-angiogenic effects. The present work takes advantage of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) properties to enhance both the stability and efficacy of delphinidin. When encapsulated in sEVs, delphinidin inhibits the different stages of angiogenesis on human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs). (2) Methods: sEVs from immature dendritic cells were produced and loaded with delphinidin. A method based on UHPLC-HRMS was implemented to assess delphinidin metabolites within sEVs. Proliferation assay, nitric oxide (NO) production and Matrigel assay were evaluated in HAoECs. (3) Results: Delphinidine, 3-O-β-rutinoside and Peonidin-3-galactoside were found both in delphinidin and delphinidin-loaded sEVs. sEV-loaded delphinidin increased the potency of free delphinidin 2-fold for endothelial proliferation, 10-fold for endothelial NO production and 100-fold for capillary-like formation. Thus, sEV-loaded delphinidin exerts effects on the different steps of angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: sEVs may be considered as a promising approach to deliver delphinidin to target angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer and pathologies associated with excess vascularization.

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Šimerdová, Barbora, Michaela Bobríková, Ivona Lhotská, Jiří Kaplan, Alena Křenová, and Dalibor Šatínský. "Evaluation of Anthocyanin Profiles in Various Blackcurrant Cultivars over a Three-Year Period Using a Fast HPLC-DAD Method." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081745.

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Anthocyanins are the most important polyphenolic substances contained in blackcurrant fruits. They are responsible for the various health benefits caused, in particular, by their high antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins derived from anthocyanidins cyanidin and delphinidin are typical for blackcurrant fruits, especially their rutinoside and glucoside forms. These four anthocyanins usually represent about 97–98% of total anthocyanins in blackcurrant fruits. In this study, we developed and validated a new HPLC-DAD method for rapid anthocyanin separation and determination in fifteen perspective blackcurrant cultivars (‘Ruben’, ‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Conan’, ‘Ceres’, ‘Moravia’, ‘Ometa’, ‘Lota’, ‘Fokus’, ‘Tenah’, ‘Sejanec’, ‘Consort’, ‘Triton’, ‘Ben Hope’, ‘Ben Gairn’, and one gooseberry hybrid ‘Josta’). Eight of them were monitored throughout the three-year experiment. The most represented anthocyanins in all monitored blackcurrant cultivars were delphinidin-3-rutinoside (36.7–63.6%), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (26.4–40.6%), delphinidin-3-glucoside (6.1–17.9%), and cyanidin-3-glucoside (1.3–9.9%). The individual anthocyanin proportion (%) in each cultivar was specific, and a similar profile was verified in a three-year period for eight available cultivars. Total anthocyanin content expressed as a sum of four major anthocyanins present in blackcurrants was compared with values expressed as the equivalent of cyanidin-3-glucoside, as many authors do. We revealed an underestimation of about 20% with the latter method. Cultivars with the highest average total anthocyanin content were ‘Ben Gairn’ (294.38 mg/100 g), ‘Ceres’ (281.31 mg/100 g), and ‘Ometa’ (269.09 mg/100 g).

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Yasukawa, Akemi, Ayumi Chida, Yoji Kato, and Miki Kasai. "Dyeing silk and cotton fabrics using natural blackcurrants." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 19 (October 20, 2016): 2379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516671125.

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Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed using the extract from blackcurrants, and the properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. The natural dyes present in the blackcurrants were identified as four types of anthocyanins, i.e. delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. The colors of the fabrics dyed with and without five types of mordants, including Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+, and Cu2+, were measured and expressed according to the CIELAB color system, Δ E* value, and K/ S value. The affinity of the extracted dye for the silk fabric was higher compared with that for the cotton fabric. The crystallinity of silk was lower than that of cotton. The fabrics dyed with blackcurrants had UV shielding ability, especially at 330–400 nm, and antibacterial properties. Although color fastness to light and washing (color change) was not sufficient, treatment with Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ mordants could enhance the color fastness.

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Ponder, Alicja, Ewelina Hallmann, Martyna Kwolek, Dominika Średnicka-Tober, and Renata Kazimierczak. "Genetic Differentiation in Anthocyanin Content among Berry Fruits." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 43, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb43010004.

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Anthocyanins are widely distributed secondary metabolites that play an essential role in skin pigmentation of many plant organs and microorganisms. Anthocyanins have been associated with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. They are also effective agents in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Berries are particularly abundant in these compounds; therefore, their dietary intake has health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the anthocyanin content in selected species and cultivars of berry fruits, such as raspberry, blackberry, red currant, blackcurrant, and highbush blueberry, widely consumed by Europeans. The concentrations of anthocyanins were determined by HPLC, identifying individual compounds: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and malvidin-3-O-galactoside. The experimental data showed that the selected species and cultivars of berry fruits differ significantly in the contents of anthocyanins. Among all species tested, blackberry and blackcurrant were characterized significantly by the highest content of anthocyanins (sum), while the lowest content was found in red currant fruits. Additionally, the content of individual anthocyanin compounds in particular species and cultivars was also different. Considering the high content of anthocyanins and their potential positive impact on human health and protection against disease, berries should be part of healthy nutrition.

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Tatsuzawa, Fumi, Toshio Ando, Norio Saito, Takeshi Kanaya, Hisashi Kokubun, Yuko Tsunashima, Hitoshi Watanabe, Goro Hashimoto, Ritsuko Hara, and Hiroko Seki. "Acylated delphinidin 3-rutinoside-5-glucosides in the flowers of Petunia reitzii." Phytochemistry 54, no. 8 (August 2000): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00081-9.

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Eliášová, Marie, Zora Kotíková, Jaromír Lachman, Matyáš Orsák, and Petr Martinek. "Influence of baking on anthocyanin content in coloured-grain wheat bread." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 8 (August 31, 2020): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/210/2020-pse.

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Composition and degradation of anthocyanins in blue and purple grain wheat during bread production were investigated using the HPLC-MS/MS method. The most abundant anthocyanins were delphinidin-3-rutinoside (blue grain wheat), cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside (purple grain wheat). Peonidin-3-glucoside was also the most stable during grain treatment while delphinidin-3-glucoside had the greatest loss. Both blue and purple grain anthocyanins decreased significantly during bread production to 41.81% and 70.10% after baking, respectively, and to 24.21% and 60.00% after short-term storage, respectively. The blue grain wheat anthocyanins were lost mostly during baking, but in the purple grain wheat, the greatest decrease occurred during dough production. Despite the higher degradation, the blue grain wheat still showed higher anthocyanins content.

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Horincar, Georgiana, Elena Enachi, Carmen Bolea, Gabriela Râpeanu, and Iuliana Aprodu. "Value-Added Lager Beer Enriched with Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Extract." Molecules 25, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030731.

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Manufacturing beer with a high biological value requires identifying new methods for increasing the health-enhancing compounds level. The aim of this study was to increase the biological value of beer by adding antioxidant-rich eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) peel extract (EPE). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMA) were determined. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by different radical scavenging assays. The addition of different levels of EPE resulted in a significant increase of TPC and TFC of beer samples from 0.426 to 0.631 mg GAE/mL, and from 0.065 to 0.171 mg CE/mL, respectively. The EPE-supplemented beer samples developed a reddish color because of the presence of anthocyanin pigments. The TMA content of beer varied from 0.011 to 0.083 mg D3G/mL with the level of added EPE. The HPLC analysis indicated that the anthocyanins prevailing in the eggplant peels were delphinidin-3-rutinoside, delphininidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside. The radical scavenging assays indicated a linear increase of the antioxidant activity following EPE addition, without altering the physicochemical parameters of the beer. These results are promising for using the EPE as a functional ingredient for beer production.

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Guo, Xueying, Xueqing Fu, Xin Li, and Dongqin Tang. "Effect of Flavonoid Dynamic Changes on Flower Coloration of Tulipa gesneiana ‘Queen of Night’ during Flower Development." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060510.

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Tulipa gesneriana has rich cultivars with abundant flower colors; among them, black tulips have become precious cultivars for their rareness in nature. It is of great significance to understand its color formation mechanism for breeding new cultivars with a blackish flower color in the future. In this present study, petals at five developmental stages of Tulipa gesneriana ‘Queen of Night’ (shorted for ‘QN’), a typical black tulip cultivar, were collected to identity the flavonoid composition and compare the accumulation along with the flower development process, aiming to explore the metabolic mechanism of its flower coloration. By using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, three anthocyanins and nineteen anthoxanthins (including eighteen flavonols and one flavone) were detected in the petals of ‘QN’. The anthocyanins were identified as delphinidin 3-o-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-o-rutinoside and pelargonidin 3-o-rutinoside, respectively. The main flavonols were identified as quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringin and their glycosides. The only one flavone substance was identified as an apigenin derivative. By comparing the content, anthocyanins were the most abundant substance in the petals of ‘QN’, and showed obvious regularity in the development process. With the flower opening, the anthocyanin content accumulated continuously, and reached the highest level at 3575.9 μg·g−1·FW at S5, accounting for 80% of the total flavonoids. Among them, delphinidin 3-o-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-o-rutinoside made the main contribution to the coloration of ‘QN’. The content of anthoxanthins increased first and then decreased, reaching the highest to 1114.8 μg·g−1·FW at S3. Quercetin and its glycosides were the most important flavonol substances in the petals of ‘QN’, accounting for more than 60% of the total anthoxanthins in the five stages. The content of a flavone identified was extremely low, suggesting a limited role in the flower color of ‘QN’. Taken together, the flower color presentation of ‘QN’ was closely related to the composition and accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonols; anthocyanins were the main substances that determine the petal coloration of ‘QN’, and the high content of flavonols played a role of co-pigmentation with these anthocyanins.

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Sadilova, Eva, Florian C. Stintzing, and Reinhold Carle. "Anthocyanins, Colour and Antioxidant Properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and Violet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Peel Extracts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2006): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-7-810.

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Acetone extracts from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and violet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) peels both belonging to the Solanaceae plant family were characterized with respect to their anthocyanin profiles, colour qualities and antioxidant capacities. According to HPLC-DAD-MS3 analyses the major anthocyanin in eggplant was delphinidin-3-rutinoside, while the predominant pigment in violet pepper was assigned to delphinidin-3-transcoumaroylrutinoside- 5-glucoside. Since virtually all anthocyanins were delphinidin-based, the effect of acylation and glycosylation patterns on colour stability and antioxidant capacity could be assessed. Application of two in vitro-assays for antioxidant capacity assessment revealed that eggplant generally exhibited higher values compared to violet pepper which was ascribed to 3,5-diglycosylated structures predominating in the latter. The higher extent of acylation in violet pepper was reflected by a more purplish colour shade of the extracts, but did not translate into a higher stability against fading which again was attributed to additional glycosyl substitution at C5. These findings support the relevance of structurerelated activities of anthocyanins both for understanding food colour and their particular nutritional value.

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León-González, Antonio J., Tanveer Sharif, Asaad Kayali, Malak Abbas, Israa Dandache, Nelly Etienne-Selloum, Claire Kevers, et al. "Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside mediate the redox-sensitive caspase 3-related pro-apoptotic effect of blackcurrant juice on leukaemia Jurkat cells." Journal of Functional Foods 17 (August 2015): 847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.043.

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Fan, Chen, Nai Li, Xueli Cao, and Lijiao Wen. "Ionic liquid‐modified countercurrent chromatographic isolation of high‐purity delphinidin‐3‐rutinoside from eggplant peel." Journal of Food Science 85, no. 4 (March 6, 2020): 1132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15089.

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Matsumoto, Hitoshi, Hiromi Inaba, Mitsuo Kishi, Shigeru Tominaga, Masao Hirayama, and Takanori Tsuda. "Orally Administered Delphinidin 3-Rutinoside and Cyanidin 3-Rutinoside Are Directly Absorbed in Rats and Humans and Appear in the Blood as the Intact Forms." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, no. 3 (March 2001): 1546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf001246q.

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Ayu Kadek Diah Puspawati, Gusti, Yustinus Marsono, Ria Armunanto, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Inhibitory Potency of Indonesian Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav) Crude Extract Against α-Glucosidase Enzyme Activity." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 2 (August 25, 2018): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.14.

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The aims of the research were to determine the inhibitory potency of the Indonesian Tamarillo crude extracts against the α-glucosidase activity and identify their major anthocyanin and carotenoid content using LC-MS. In vitroassay was used to treat Tamarillo crude extracts which consisted of four levels: (1) Acarbose, positive control; (2) Tamarillo anthocyanin crude extract; (3) Tamarillo carotenoid crude extract; and (4) combination of Tamarillo anthocyanin crude extract and Tamarillo carotenoid crude extract. The results showed that the three crude extracts:the Tamarillo anthocyanin crude extract, the Tamarillo carotenoid crude extract and combination of Tamarillo anthocyanin and carotenoid crude extract could inhibit α-glucosidase activity in 30.59%, 42.14% and 48.08% respectively. All of the Tamarillo crude extract inhibited mixed inhibition (noncompetitive and competitive inhibitor). Identification of the Tamarillo anthocyanin crude extracts showed six major compounds of anthocyanin type and four major compounds of carotenoid type. Threemajor anthocyanins type (pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and delphinidin-3-rutinoside) and three major carotenoids type (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin)werea tentative component of Tamarillo which is thought to play a role in inhibitingα-glucosidaseenzyme activity. Tamarillo extract can be alternative to prevent the development of postprandial hyperglycemic in type 2 diabetes.

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Toki, Kenjiro, Norio Saito, Atsushi Shigihara, and Toshio Honda. "New Diacylated Delphinidin 3-Rutinoside-5-glucosides Isolated from the Blue-Purple Flowers of Browallia speciosa." HETEROCYCLES 75, no. 6 (2008): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-08-11344.

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Xia, Demei, Guoqiang He, Kai Wang, Taoyuan Wang, Zhiguo Zhu, Zhaoqian Niu, Gongfa Shi, and Guiling Liu. "Anthocyanins Profiling Analysis and RNA-Seq Revealed the Dominating Pigments and Coloring Mechanism in Cyclamen Flowers." Biology 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121721.

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Pigments in cyclamen (Cyclamen purpurascens) endows flowers with great ornamental and medicinal values. However, little is known about the biosynthetic pathways of pigments, especially anthocyanins, in cyclamen flowers. Herein, anthocyanins profiling and RNA-Seq were used to decipher the molecular events using cyclamen genotypes of red (HXK) or white (BXK) flowers. We found that red cyclamen petals are rich in cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and ruti. In addition, our transcriptomics data revealed 3589 up-regulated genes and 2788 down-regulated genes comparing the BXK to HXK. Our rich dataset also identified eight putative key genes for anthocyanin synthesis, including four chalcone synthase (CHS, g13809_i0, g12097_i0, g18851_i0, g36714_i0), one chalcone isomerase (CHI, g26337_i0), two flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3′H, g14710_i0 and g15005_i0), and one anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, g18981_i0). Importantly, we found a 2.5 order of magnitude higher expression of anthocyanin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (g8206_i0), which encodes a key gene in glycosylation of anthocyanins, in HXK compared to BXK. Taken together, our multiomics approach demonstrated massive changes in gene regulatory networks and anthocyanin metabolism in controlling cyclamen flower color.

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Diep, Tung, Chris Pook, and Michelle Yoo. "Phenolic and Anthocyanin Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.)." Antioxidants 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020169.

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This study examined phenolics and anthocyanins present in Amber, Laird’s Large and Mulligan cultivars of tamarillo that were cultivated in Whangarei, Northland of New Zealand. Samples were further separated by their tissue types, peel and pulp. Using LC-MS/MS, twelve polyphenols were quantified and six (ellagic acid, rutin, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside) were detected for the first time in tamarillo. Mulligan cultivar showed the highest amounts of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and the highest antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds were mostly synthesized from shikimic acid route, and chlorogenic acid dominated the profile regardless of cultivar and tissue types. Anthocyanin profile was dominated by delphinidin-3-rutinoside in pulp. Higher amounts of anthocyanins were detected in this study, which may be explained by favourable growth conditions (high light intensity and low temperature) for anthocyanin biosynthesis in New Zealand. Higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in peels than in pulps were found when assessed by Cupric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu assays, and a positive correlation (r > 0.9, p ≤ 0.01) between the three assays was observed. Current findings endorse that tamarillo has a great bioactive potential to be developed further as a functional ingredient with considerable levels of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity.

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Razgonova, Maya Petrovna, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Zakharenko, and Kirill Sergeyevich Golokhvast. "INVESTIGATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CO2-EXTRACTS OF WILD LEDUM PALUSTRE L. (RHODODENDRON TO-MENTOSUM HARMAJA) AND IDENTIFICATION OF ITS METABOLITES BY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019506.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate and identify polyphenolic complexes and other biologically active compounds by tandem mass spectrometry, presented in the leaves and stems of Ledum palustre L. Carbon dioxide, compressed to a supercritical state, was used for the most environmentally friendly extraction of polyphenolic complexes and other biologically active compounds of Ledum palustre L. The most effective extraction characteristics (pressure 350 bar; temperature 60 °С; extraction time 1-hour, co-solvent MeOH 3.5%) supercritical CO2-extraction of L. palustre were obtained empirically. To identify target analytes in supercritical extracts, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used in combination with a BRUKER DALTONIKS ion trap. The results showed the presence of 61 biologically active compounds corresponding to the rhododendron species, of which 32 were identified for the first time in L. palustre. These are flavanols dihydrokaempferol, quercetin arabinoside, myricetin galactoside; flavones: diosmetin, nevadensin, cirsimaritin; flavanone naringenin; anthocyanins delphinidin, petunidin, cyanidin pentoside, delphinidin pentoside, peonidin 3-(6-O-acetyl) glucoside, peonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside; ellagic acid; lignan medioresinol; a type A procyanidin dimer; sterols fucosterol and avenasterol, etc.

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Razgonova, Maya Petrovna, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Zakharenko, and Kirill Sergeyevich Golokhvast. "INVESTIGATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CO2-EXTRACTS OF WILD LEDUM PALUSTRE L. (RHODODENDRON TO-MENTOSUM HARMAJA) AND IDENTIFICATION OF ITS METABOLITES BY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2022019506.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate and identify polyphenolic complexes and other biologically active compounds by tandem mass spectrometry, presented in the leaves and stems of Ledum palustre L. Carbon dioxide, compressed to a supercritical state, was used for the most environmentally friendly extraction of polyphenolic complexes and other biologically active compounds of Ledum palustre L. The most effective extraction characteristics (pressure 350 bar; temperature 60 °С; extraction time 1-hour, co-solvent MeOH 3.5%) supercritical CO2-extraction of L. palustre were obtained empirically. To identify target analytes in supercritical extracts, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used in combination with a BRUKER DALTONIKS ion trap. The results showed the presence of 61 biologically active compounds corresponding to the rhododendron species, of which 32 were identified for the first time in L. palustre. These are flavanols dihydrokaempferol, quercetin arabinoside, myricetin galactoside; flavones: diosmetin, nevadensin, cirsimaritin; flavanone naringenin; anthocyanins delphinidin, petunidin, cyanidin pentoside, delphinidin pentoside, peonidin 3-(6-O-acetyl) glucoside, peonidin-3-O-malonylglucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside; ellagic acid; lignan medioresinol; a type A procyanidin dimer; sterols fucosterol and avenasterol, etc.

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Guo, Xiaozhu, Gui Wang, Juan Li, Jiang Li, and Xuemei Sun. "Analysis of Floral Color Differences between Different Ecological Conditions of Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010462.

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The Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. is a wild flowering plant that is most widely distributed on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, with beautiful, brightly colored flowers and good ornamental properties and adaptability. In diverse natural environments, the blossom color of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. varies greatly, although it is unclear what causes this diversity. It was examined using UPLC-MS/MS and transcriptome sequencing for the investigation of various compounds, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and flavonoid biosynthesis-related pathways in two flowers in two ecological settings. The results showed that a total of 992 metabolites were detected, of which 425 were differential metabolites, mainly flavonoid metabolites associated with its floral color. The most abundant flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanin metabolites in the G type were cynaroside, isoquercitrin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside, respectively. Flavonoids that differed in multiplicity in G type and N type were rhoifolin, naringin, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, chrysoeriol and catechin. Rhoifolin and chrysoeriol, produced in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, two flavonoid compounds of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. with the largest difference in floral composition in two ecological environments. In two ecological environments of flower color components, combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that BZ1-1 and FG3-1 are key genes for delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and HCT-5 and FG3-3 are key genes for rhoifolin and naringin in flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol. Key genes for chlorogenic acid in flavonoid biosynthesis include HCT-6, CHS-1 and IF7MAT-1. In summary, differences in flavonoids and their content are the main factors responsible for the differences in the floral color composition of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. in the two ecological environments, and are associated with differential expression of genes related to flavonoid synthesis.

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Pirone, Cary, Jodie V. Johnson, J. Martin E. Quirke, Horacio A. Priestap, and David Lee. "The Animal Pigment Bilirubin Identified in Strelitzia reginae, the Bird of Paradise Flower." HortScience 45, no. 9 (September 2010): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.9.1411.

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Strelitzia reginae Aiton is an iconic plant known for its vibrant orange and blue inflorescences. Floral pigments include carotenoids and the anthocyanin delphinidin-3-rutinoside. S. reginae has black seeds with vivid orange arils, yet the basis for the orange color is unknown. We recently discovered bilirubin in the arils of S. nicolai. Previously, this pigment was known only to exist in animals as a breakdown product of heme. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, we now show that bilirubin is the primary aril pigment of S. reginae and is also present in low concentrations in its sepals (less than 44.0 ng·g−1).

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Matsumoto, Hitoshi, Kristine E. Kamm, James T. Stull, and Hiroshi Azuma. "Delphinidin-3-rutinoside relaxes the bovine ciliary smooth muscle through activation of ETB receptor and NO/cGMP pathway." Experimental Eye Research 80, no. 3 (March 2005): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2004.10.002.

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Miladinovic, Bojana, Miguel Ângelo Faria, Mafalda Ribeiro, Maria Madalena Costa Sobral, and Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira. "Delphinidin-3-rutinoside from Blackcurrant Berries (Ribes nigrum): In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity and Interactions with Other Phenolic Compounds." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031286.

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Blackcurrant berries (Rigrum L.) are of great interest for food scientists/technologists as a source of delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R). This is an uncommon phenolic compound in diets that unveils potent antiproliferative activity besides its colour. Other phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid (CA) and epicatechin (EC), also known by their antiproliferative effects, are abundant in foods and beverages. To design smart food/supplements combinations containing blackcurrant and improved anticancer properties at the gastrointestinal level, there is the need for more data concerning the combined effects of those molecules. In this work, synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects against gastric and intestinal cancers of D3R, CA, and EC were assessed in vitro. The antiproliferative activity of D3R, CA, and EC, alone and in binary combinations (D3R+CA, D3R+EC, and CA+EC) on NCI-N87 (gastric) and Caco-2 (intestinal) cells, was assessed following the Chou-Talalay theorem at equipotent contributions (i.e., (IC50)1/(IC50)2). D3R presented the strongest antiproliferative activity of the single molecules tested, with IC50 values of 24.9 µM and 102.5 µM on NCI-N87 and Caco-2 cells, respectively. The combinations D3R+CA and CA+EC were synergic against NCI-N87 until IC50 and IC75, respectively, while D3R+EC shifted from slight antagonism to synergism at higher doses. On Caco-2 cells, antagonism at low doses and synergism at high doses was observed. Therefore, the synergisms observed on the gastric cancer model at low doses occurred on the colon model only at high doses. Data herein described is vital to the targeted smart design of foods and supplements, as it is foreseen that the same combination of phenolic compounds causes different interactions/effects depending on the dose and gastrointestinal compartment.

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Tani, Tsubasa, Sho Nishikawa, Masaki Kato, and Takanori Tsuda. "Delphinidin 3-rutinoside-rich blackcurrant extract ameliorates glucose tolerance by increasing the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion." Food Science & Nutrition 5, no. 4 (April 7, 2017): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.478.

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Luo, Baobing, Liujun Chen, Guoping Chen, Yunshu Wang, Qiaoli Xie, Xuqing Chen, and Zongli Hu. "Transcription and Metabolism Pathways of Anthocyanin in Purple Shamrock (Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil.)." Metabolites 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121290.

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Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments that can impart various colors to plants. Purple shamrock (Oxalis triangularis) possesses unique ornamental value due to its purple leaves. In this study, three anthocyanins, including malvidin 3-O-(4-O-(6-O-malonyl-glucopyranoside)-rhamnopyranosyl)-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-glucopyranoside), delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, were characterized with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in purple shamrock. To investigate the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in green shamrock (Oxalis corymbosa) and purple shamrock, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were performed, and the results showed that most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes were up-regulated in purple shamrock. Then, dark treatment and low temperature treatment experiments in purple shamrock showed that both light and low temperature can induce the biosynthesis of anthocyanins.

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Fathoni, Muhammad Mu’amar, Isnaeni Isnaeni, and Asri Darmawati. "Anti-bacterial activity of Rosela Flower Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Eschericia coli." Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi 8, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikfar.v8i1.31204.

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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains cyanidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin, delphinidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside may inhibit the growth of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, but there is no research reported the determination of MIC of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract powder against ESBL E.coli ATCC 6110 and ATCC 5949 and their potency ratio compared to meropenem. This study aimed to determine the MIC of Roselle flower extract powder on the growth of ESBL E. coli ATCC 6110 and ATCC 5949 and determine the potency ratio compared to meropenem. This study used two methods in determining MIC, namely the agar diffusion method and the dilution method with Nutrient Agar media which was incubated at 37 ±1°C for 24 hours, while the determination of the potency ratio was carried out by diffusion method with the same media which was incubated at 37 ±1°C for 24 hours. The results obtained were diameter of inhibition zone (mm) which were then observed and analyzed to calculate the potency ratio. The results showed that the MIC of Roselle flower extract powder was obtained at a concentration of 12,500 ppm by diffusion method and at a concentration of 3,125 ppm by dilution method with 24 hours incubation at 37 ± 1o C and the potency ratio of Roselle flower extract powder compared to meropenem was 89.7% and 97.97% against ESBL E.coli ATCC 6110 and ESBL E.coli ATCC 5949 respectively.

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Liu, Hongxia, Jingjie Wu, Zhien Cai, Benliang Deng, Hui Liu, and Xusheng Zhao. "Extraction of red pigment from Chinese jujube peel and the antioxidant activity of the pigment extracts." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0184.

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Abstract Chinese jujube is a delicious fruit with high antioxidant nutrients. The fruit peel, however, is always discarded due to its indigestibility. In the current study, the jujube peels were collected for red pigment extraction. Six extraction-related parameters (ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, material granularity, enzyme concentration, enzymolysis time, and pH) were optimized for jujube peel pigment extraction using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs. When the fruit peels were treated with 1.18% cellulase and 73% ethanol at pH 3.15, optimization enhanced the pigment extraction efficiency by 29.7% compared with the control. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) assay revealed that delphinidin 3-O-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride were the major components of the jujube pigment extracts. Additionally, the red pigment extracts exhibited high free radical scavenging capacity and strong Fe3+ reducing power. Finally, it also provides us a simple new method for efficient extraction of natural antioxidants from discarded jujube peels.

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Kumar, Pranesh. "Musa acuminata: From Daily Normal Eating to Treating Complex Diseases." International Journal of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijmps.2021.111001.

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Musa acuminata (Musaceae) is a tropical and subtropical perennial tree-like plant that grows in various tropical and subtropical locations throughout the world. Because of its nutrient-dense diet and varied medicinal qualities, bananas, which may be eaten as a fruit or a vegetable, are one of the most important crops in many countries. Bananas include apigenin glycosides, myricetin glycoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, malvidin, naringenin glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, dopamine, N-acetyl serotonin, rutin, polyphenols, flavonoids, total dietary fibre, The main aim of this study is to validate and highlight M. acuminata’s medicinal and nutritional benefits. According to a literature study, fever, cough, bronchitis, dysentery, allergy diseases, sexually transmitted infections, and some non-communicable disorders have all been related to M. acuminata. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial activities have been found for M. acuminata. Pharmacological investigations support the medicinal plant’s traditional importance, indicating that indigenous peoples utilised M. acuminata to treat and cure a wide range of diseases and disorders. Individual bioactive constituent(s) from distinct parts of this plant, on the other hand, need to be investigated further in order to verify various pharmacological claims and to explore the potential of M. acuminata in drug development and use in functional foods. In order to create efficient disease prevention and management strategies, a comprehensive study of M. acuminata’s biological activity is given, as well as possible mechanisms and phytochemicals involved.

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Kołota, Aleksandra, Dominika Głąbska, Michał Oczkowski, and Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska. "Analysis of Association between Intake of Red Wine Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Liver of Growing Male Rats." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186389.

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Red wine is a complex alcoholic beverage containing various substances, including those of a potential health-promoting properties, such as polyphenols, responsible for the sensory features of wine. Their potential positive influence is associated with possibility of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulating, and antiallergenic effects, but at the same time, there is a possibility of their pro-oxidative effect. In spite of the fact that in adolescence alcohol may be highly damaging, as it may disturb the development, it is abused frequently. The aim of the study was to verify the association between red wine consumption as well as dietary polyphenol intake with wine and the oxidative stress parameters in the liver of growing male rats. The growing male Wistar rats were studied, while divided into three groups of six animals, receiving red wine in a solution characterized by 10% of ethanol content since 30th day of life, for two, four, and six weeks. The alcohol intake was controlled and the content of total phenolic compounds, selected phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid), total anthocyanidins and selected anthocyanins (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin, and pelargonidin) were assessed. At the same time, for the liver homogenates, the levels of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl groups were verified. The analysis revealed statistically significant influence of red wine intake, as well as of supply of phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid), and anthocyanins (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin, and pelargonidin) on TBARS and protein carbonyl groups level (R > 0.80; p < 0.05), but the influence was stated only for the period of two weeks. The obtained results may suggest pro-oxidative effect of both ethanol and polyphenols for the liver of the growing male rats. At the same time, for the periods of four and six weeks, no influence on TBARS and protein carbonyl groups level was observed (p > 0.05), which may allow to suppose an adaptive mechanism of the growing organism while the ethanol and polyphenols exposition is prolonged. Further studies are required to confirm the mechanism of the pro-oxidative effect of polyphenols contained in red wine for the liver of growing organism.

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Deineka, Viktor Ivanovich, Elena Yur'yevna Oleinits, Aleksandr Alekseyevich Pavlov, Andrey Yur'yevich Mikheev, Ol'ga Vladimirovna Shelepova, Ol'ga Dmitriyevna Volkova, and Elena Ivanovna Khlebnikova. "DETERMINATION OF ANTHOCYANINS OF FRUITS OF SOME PLANTS OF THE GENUS RIBES BY REVERSED-PHASE HPLC AND HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY (HILIC)." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020016331.

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The anthocyanin composition of some species of gooseberries with colored fruits was studied in comparison with anthocyanins of currant fruits from the collection of the Tsitsin Main Botanical garden. In fruits of currants Ribes nigrum var. sibiricum E. Wolf, R. nigrum L., R. americanum Mill., as well as in dark-colored fruits R. aureum Pursh., 3-glucosides and 3-rutinosides of cyanidin and delphinidin were found as major components in species-dependent ratios. It was found that in the fruits of gooseberry species Ribes oxyacanthoides L., Ribes missouriensis (Nutt.) Coville & Britton, Ribes rusticum Jancz. and Ribes cynosbati (L.) Mill. and in the fruits of one of the currants (R. alpinum L.) there is practically no biosynthesis of delphinidin derivatives, and 3-glucoside and 3-rutinoside of cyanidin are detected. Meanwhile, the biosynthesis of acylated by substituted cinnamic acids (mainly – p-coumaric acid) anthocyanins were found in the fruits of Ribes oxyacanthoides and Ribes cynosbati (about 10%), Ribes rusticum (about 20%). The inheritance of characteristic for the fruit of some species of gooseberry biosynthesis of acylated mainly p-coumaric acid, was installed in the fruits of jostaberry - Ribes x nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer (about 10%). The species composition of anthocyanins was established using traditional reversed-phase HPLC in gradient elution mode using diode-array and mass spectrometric detection options. In addition, a method for the separation of anthocyanins of the same objects in the isocratic mode under hydrophilic interaction chromatography on diol stationary phases, allowing the use of simpler equipment. The variants of sample preparation of extract samples for the subsequent HPLC determination of anthocyanins by two different methods to avoid the appearance of artifacts are proposed.

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Akinnusi, Precious A., Samuel O. Olubode, Ayomide O. Adebesin, Toluwani A. Nana, and Sidiqat A. Shodehinde. "Discovery of Promising Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), Estrogen Receptor (ER), and Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase a (PI3Ka) for Personalized Breast Cancer Treatment." Cancer Informatics 21 (January 2022): 117693512211278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769351221127862.

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Despite the rapid developments and advancements to improve treatments, Breast cancer remains one of the deadliest health challenges and the most frequently diagnosed tumor. One of the major problems with treatment is the unique difference that each cancerous cell exhibits. As a result, treatment of breast cancer has now become more personalized based on the specific features of the tumor such as overexpression of growth factor receptors (Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)), hormone receptors (Human Estrogen receptor alpha (ER)) and kinases involved in pivotal signaling associated with growth (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)). Several chemotherapeutic agents have been developed to curb the menace, but the associated adverse drug effects cannot be overlooked. To this end, this study employed a molecular modeling approach to identify novel compounds of natural origin that can potentially antagonize the receptors (mentioned above) associated with the pathophysiology of breast cancer and at the same time pose very little or no side effects. The results of the molecular model of biological interactions between a library of 118 anthocyanins and the binding pockets of the protein targets identified 5 compounds (Pelargonin, Delphinidin 3- O-rutinoside, Malvin, Cyanidin-3-(6-acetylglucoside), and Peonidin 3- O-rutinoside) with good binding affinities to the protein targets. Further MM-GBSA calculations returned high binding energies. The specific molecular interactions between the compounds and the targets were analyzed and reported herein. Also, all the compounds exhibited good pharmacokinetic profiles and are therefore recommended for further analyses as they could be explored as new treatment options for a broad range and personalized breast cancer treatments.

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Trych, Urszula, Magdalena Buniowska, Sylwia Skąpska, Ireneusz Kapusta, and Krystian Marszałek. "Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants in Blackcurrant Juice after Treatment Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Molecules 27, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031036.

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Blackcurrant juice (Ribes nigrum L.) was subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD) at 10, 30, and 60 MPa for 10 min at 45 °C, as well as thermally treated at 45 and 85 °C for 10 min to determine the stability, antioxidant capacity (AC), and bioaccessibility (BAc) of vitamin C, total anthocyanins, and their individual monomers. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model completed with dialysis was used to assess BAc. The use of SCCD at each of the pressures applied improved the stability of vitamin C, total anthocyanins, and AC before in vitro digestion. As a result of digestion, the total content of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and AC decreased. The highest BAc of vitamin C was noted in fresh juice (FJ) (40%) and after mild heat treatment at 45 °C (T45) (46%). The highest BAc of total anthocyanins was also noted in the FJ (4.4%). The positive effect of the application of SCCD on the BAc of the delphinidin-3-O-glycosides was observed compared to T45 and thermal pasteurization at 85 °C (T85). Although SCCD did not significantly improve the BAc of vitamin C and total anthocyanins, the higher AC of SCCD samples after intestinal digestion (ABTS+• and DPPH•) and in dialysate (ABTS+•) compared to thermally treated was observed. The protocatechuic acid was detected by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS as the major metabolite formed during the digestion of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside. This may indicate the influence of SCCD on improvement of the accessibility of antioxidants for digestion, thanks to which more metabolites with high antioxidant activity were released.

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Anupama Yadav. "Banana (Musa acuminata): Most popular and common Indian plant with multiple pharmacological potentials." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.7.1.0073.

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Background: Musa acuminata (Musaceae) is a perennial tree-like plant that is grown in many tropical and subtropical areas throughout the globe. Bananas, which may be consumed as a fruit or a vegetable, is one of the most significant crops in many nations owing to their nutrient-dense diet and diverse therapeutic properties. Introduction: Apigenin glycosides, myricetin glycoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, malvidin, naringenin glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, dopamine, N-acetyl serotonin, rutin, polyphenols, flavonoids, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, lipids, proteins, and minerals are found in bananas. Objective: The primary goal of this research is to confirm and emphasize the therapeutic and nutritional value of M. acuminata. Methods: Fever, cough, bronchitis, dysentery, allergy infections, sexually transmitted infections, and certain non-communicable illnesses have all been linked to M. acuminata, according to a literature review. Result: M. acuminata has been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. Pharmacological studies back up the medicinal plant's traditional significance and suggest that indigenous peoples used M. acuminata to cure and heal a variety of illnesses and ailments. Individual bioactive constituent(s) from different sections of this plant, on the other hand, need to be studied further to validate various pharmacological claims and to investigate the potential of M. acuminata in drug development and usage in functional foods. Conclusion: A thorough examination of M. acuminata's biological activity is provided, as well as potential processes and phytochemicals involved, in order to develop effective disease prevention and management methods.

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Bae, Hong-Sook, Hyun Ju Kim, Jin Hee Kang, Rika Kudo, Takahiro Hosoya, Shigenori Kumazawa, Mira Jun, Oh-Yoen Kim, and Mok-Ryeon Ahn. "Anthocyanin Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Various Berries Cultivated in Korea." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 6 (June 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000643.

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This study examined the anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity of various berries cultivated in Korea: blueberry, crowberry, Korean black raspberry, mulberry, and strawberry. The anthocyanins in berries were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and each component was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of berries was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolorization, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant (FRAP) assays. The results revealed that the total content of anthocyanins in crowberry was 35.1 mg/g of extract, which was higher than that in the other four major berry species (1.9-27.7 mg/g of extract). Nineteen anthocyanins were identified in the various berries. The major anthocyanins of crowberry were cyanidin-3-galactoside and delphinidin-3-galactoside, and those from Korean black raspberry were cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-rhamnoside. These two berries also had relatively strong antioxidant activity accompanied by high total polyphenol contents. Thus, consumption of crowberry and Korean black raspberry may be beneficial in reducing the risk of developing lifestyle-related chronic diseases because of their strong antioxidant activity.

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Calfío, Camila, and Juan Pablo Huidobro-Toro. "Potent Vasodilator and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Patagonian Calafate Berries (Berberis microphylla) with Nutraceutical Potential." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152700.

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Hydroalcoholic extracts of Patagonian Calafate berry (Berberis microphylla) contain mono or disaccharide conjugated anthocyanins and flavonols. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) chemical extract profile identified glycosylated anthocyanidins such as delphinidin-, petunidin- and malvidin-3-glucoside as the major constituents. The predominant flavonols were 3-O substituents quercetin-rutinoside or -rhamnoside. Anthocyanins doubled flavonols in mass (13.1 vs. 6 mg/g extract). Polyphenols vascular actions were examined in the rat arterial mesenteric bed bioassay; extract perfusion elicited concentration-dependent vasodilatation mimicked by conjugated anthocyanins standards. Vascular responses of main glycosylated anthocyanins were endothelium-dependent (p < 0.001) and mediated by NO production (p < 0.05). The anthocyanins antioxidant activity determined in isolated endothelial cells (CAA) showed a reduced redox potential as compared to the extract or quercetin. While in the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the anthocyanins showed an equivalent quercetin potency, the extract was 15-fold less active, proposing that the anthocyanin-induced vasodilation is not due to an antioxidant mechanism. The extract shows promising commercial nutraceutical potential.

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Gan, Sichen, Gang Zheng, Shoukuo Zhu, Jieyu Qian, and Lijun Liang. "Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Mechanism of Color Formation in Liriope spicata Fruit." Metabolites 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020144.

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Liriope spicata is an important ornamental ground cover plant, with a fruit color that turns from green to black during the development and ripening stages. However, the material basis and regulatory mechanism of the color variation remains unclear. In this study, a total of 31 anthocyanins and 2 flavonols were identified from the skin of L. spicata fruit via integrative analysis on the metabolome and transcriptome of three developmental stages. The pigments of black/mature fruits are composed of five common anthocyanin compounds, of which Peonidin 3–O–rutinoside and Delphinidin 3–O–glucoside are the most differential metabolites for color conversion. Using dual-omics joint analysis, the mechanism of color formation was obtained as follows. The expression of structural genes including 4CL, F3H, F3′H, F3′5′H and UFGT were activated due to the upregulation of transcription factor genes MYB and bHLH. As a result, a large amount of precursor substances for the synthesis of flavonoids accumulated. After glycosylation, stable pigments were generated which promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins and the formation of black skin.

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Matsumoto, Hitoshi, Takashi Ichiyanagi, Hiroyuki Iida, Kyoko Ito, Takanori Tsuda, Masao Hirayama, and Tetsuya Konishi. "Ingested Delphinidin-3-rutinoside Is Primarily Excreted to Urine as the Intact Form and to Bile as the Methylated Form in Rats." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, no. 2 (January 2006): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf052411a.

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Casati, Lavinia, Francesca Pagani, Marta Fibiani, Roberto Lo Scalzo, and Valeria Sibilia. "Potential of delphinidin-3-rutinoside extracted from Solanum melongena L. as promoter of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 function and antagonist of oxidative damage." European Journal of Nutrition 58, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 1019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1618-0.

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Colak, Nesrin, Aynur Kurt-Celebi, Jiri Gruz, Miroslav Strnad, Sema Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, Myoung-Gun Choung, Tuba Esatbeyoglu, and Faik Ahmet Ayaz. "The Phenolics and Antioxidant Properties of Black and Purple versus White Eggplant Cultivars." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082410.

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The total phenolic content, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of black (Aydin Siyahi), purple (Kadife Kemer) and white (Trabzon Kadife) eggplants grown in Turkey were subjected to a comparative investigation. The black cultivar exhibited the highest total phenolic (17,193 and 6552 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg fw), flavonoid (3019 and 1160 quercetin equivalent/kg fw) and anthocyanin (1686 and 6167 g delphinidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/kg fw) contents in crude extracts of the peel and pulp. The majority of the caffeic acid was identified in the ester (2830 mg/kg fw) and ester-bound (2594 mg/kg fw) forms in the peel of ‘Kadife Kemer’ and in the glycoside form (611.9 mg/kg fw) in ‘Aydin Siyahi’, as well as in the pulp of these two eggplants. ‘Kadife Kemer’ (purple eggplant) contained the majority of the chlorogenic acid in free form (27.55 mg/kg fw), compared to ‘Aydin Siyahi’ in the ester (7.82 mg/kg fw), glycoside (294.1 mg/kg dw) and ester-bound (2.41 mg/kg fw) forms. The eggplant cultivars (peel and pulp, mg/kg fw) exhibited a relatively high delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside concentration in the peel of ‘Aydin Siyahi’ (avg. 1162), followed by ‘Kadife Kemer’ (avg. 336.6), and ‘Trabzon Kadife’ (avg. 215.1). The crude phenolic extracts of the eggplants exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity values (peel and pulp, µmoL Trolox equivalent/kg fw) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 8156 and 2335) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, 37,887 and 17,648). The overall results indicate that black and purple eggplants are the cultivars with greater potential benefits in terms of their phenolics and antioxidant values than the white eggplant.

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Macchioni, Valentina, Veronica Santarelli, and Katya Carbone. "Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Arbutus unedo L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121785.

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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. Arbutus unedo wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. In the present study, the polyphenols and in vitro antiradical and hypoglycemic activities of five wild Italian accessions of A. unedo were investigated, and their chemical profiles were treated by means of unsupervised chemometric techniques like the hierarchical and principal component analysis. Moreover, Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of different accessions. Samples differed mainly in their anthocyanin content and overall nutraceutical potential. Anthocyanins were present mainly as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside being the most abundant one, ranging from 49 ± 1 to 111 ± 3 mg g−1 (for P1 and P2, respectively; p < 0.05). Extracts were screened for their in vitro biological activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) antiradical tests, while their hypoglycemic activity was investigated by the α-glucosidase inhibition test. In both in vitro antiradical tests, the highest capacity was recorded for P2 (EC50: 1.17 and 0.064 mg mL−1, for DPPH• and ABTS•+, respectively), with values higher than those reported in the literature for A. unedo fruit extracts. P2 also showed the highest inhibition power towards α-glucosidase (about 70%). Moreover, the nonparametric correlation analysis pointed out a very high significant correlation between the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (r: 0.973; p < 0.01). Finally, the application of hierarchical analysis to samples analyzed provided three different clusters based on the average phytochemical content coded as low, medium and high. Moreover, principal component analysis made it possible to establish similarities among the accessions depending on their overall nutraceutical characteristics and on the relative anthocyanin content.

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Kato, Masaki, Tsubasa Tani, Norihiko Terahara, and Takanori Tsuda. "The Anthocyanin Delphinidin 3-Rutinoside Stimulates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Murine GLUTag Cell Line via the Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II Pathway." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 11, 2015): e0126157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126157.

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Florio, Francesco Elia, Stefano Gattolin, Laura Toppino, Laura Bassolino, Marta Fibiani, Roberto Lo Scalzo, and Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino. "A SmelAAT Acyltransferase Variant Causes a Major Difference in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Anthocyanin Composition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179174.

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Eggplant berries are rich in anthocyanins like delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) and nasunin (NAS), which are accumulated at high amounts in the peel. NAS is derived by D3R through acylation and glycosylation steps. The presence of D3R or NAS is usually associated with black-purple or lilac fruit coloration of the most cultivated varieties, respectively. Building on QTL mapping position, a candidate gene approach was used to investigate the involvement of a BAHD anthocyanin acyltransferase (SmelAAT) in determining anthocyanin type. The cDNA sequence comparison revealed the presence of a single-base deletion in D3R-type line ‘305E40’ (305E40_aat) with respect to the NAS-type reference line ‘67/3’. This is predicted to cause a frame shift mutation, leading to a loss of SmelAAT function and, thus, D3R retention. RT-qPCR analyses confirmed SmelAAT and 305E40_aat expression during berry maturation. In D3R-type lines, ‘305E40’ and ‘DR2’, overexpressing the functional SmelAAT allele from ‘67/3’, the transcript levels of the transgene correlated with the accumulation of NAS in fruit peel. Furthermore, it was also found a higher expression of the transcript for glucosyltransferase Smel5GT1, putatively involved with SmelAAT in the last steps of anthocyanin decoration. Finally, an indel marker matching with anthocyanin type in the ‘305E40’ × ’67/3’ segregating population was developed and validated in a wide number of accessions, proving its usefulness for breeding purposes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Delphinidin-3-rutinoside'

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