Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Délocalisation'
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Monteiro, Aurélie. "L'apport-cession-délocalisation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020042/document.
Full textA dedicated three-step tax scheme has been designed for individuals holding assets with a latent capital gain; willing to reinvest their profits into other activities and reduce taxes on capital gains normally owed: Capital contribution of the assets held by this individual to a company in exchange of shares (Step 1), sales of those assets by the this company to a third-party (Step 2), relocation of the individual to another country (Step 3). The objective is for this individual to beneficiate from a deferred taxation on the capital contribution and for this company to sell assets on a tax-free basis. The company will therefore be able to reinvest the price from the assets sales and the individual will only be taxed when received shares are subsequently sold. In domestic situations, this tax scheme only offers deferral of taxes on capital gains ; but combined with the individual relocation, it enables to drastically reduce if not totally suppress taxes. Since then, legislators and judges have clearly identified conditions defining tax abuse, have defined new rules related to capital contribution to companies controlled by the contributor and have implemented exit-tax mechanisms. Despite this new legal framework, the studied tax scheme is still of significant interest. Additionally, some aspects of the exit-tax might certainly be challenged in regards to European Union law and European fiscal conventions
Gicquel, Mickael. "Carbo-oxocarbones, analyse de la délocalisation électronique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/141/.
Full textThe effect of the carbo-merization on the global structure and stability of oxocarbons (CnOn) has been studied theoretically. In contrast to their geometry, the relative energy of carbo-[N]oxocarbons C3NON (N = 1 to 5) and their polycyclic isomers is highly sensitive to the calculation level. On the basis of calculation at the B3PW91/6-311+G* level, the static and dynamic electron delocalization has been investigated, by ELF and ring current analysis, respectively. Carbo-[N]oxocarbons are non-aromatic (N = 3). The central ring of their polycyclic isomer is aromatic (respectively anti-aromatic) for odd N (respectively even N), while the aromatic character of the externals three-membered rings is comparable to the one of cyclopropenone. The stability of the ring carbo-mers has been established on the basis of their endothermic decomposition in C3O. Related aspects have also been considered: orbital analysis, kinetic stability, resonance weighting, homoaromatic component, multiconfigurational character, singlet-triplet gap, organometallic complexe, oligocarbonylethynylene acyclic references
Lougarre, Patricia. "Régles de droit et délocalisation des entreprises françaises." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0019.
Full textKoromyslov, Maxime. "L'impact de la délocalisation du luxe sur les attitudes des consommateurs : le cas des maisons françaises de luxe." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN22002/document.
Full textThe relocation of the luxury sector is, even nowadays, still difficult to comprehend. On one hand, this complexity is due to the concept of luxury which is not easy to define, and on the other hand, it is due to the topic’s sensitivity which is still taboo in the luxury sector. Yet there have been several cases of luxury relocations. Considering the imaginative world represented by luxury brands, we should look at the impact of relocation on consumers, notably their attitudes towards the product and the brand. This thesis is a first research study on the question of relocating French luxury brands. It uses both the theories about luxury and brands as areas of application, and the literature on the Country-of-Origin Effect as a theoretical framework. Our research studies the effect of relocation on consumers’ attitudes towards the relocated product and luxury brand. The moderating influence of two new variables has been taken into account, i.e. the centrality of the country of origin at the heart of the brand image and consumers’ attitudes towards luxury relocation. In terms of methodology, two qualitative surveys were carried out: one on consumers (17), the other on luxury professionals (34). These were followed by a quantitative survey using a sample of 555 consumers. The survey was carried out in two parts, based on a complete factorial design. Our research therefore brings out the negative impact of luxury relocation upon attitudes to the relocated product and brand. This effect is even more noticeable in the case of production relocation in comparison with design one or when the French origin is abandoned for an unacceptable country of manufacture. In this case, the effect is felt more on the perceived quality than the two other attitudinal variables. The impact of the moderating variables comes out as a limited one
Riviere, Gabriel. "Délocalisation des mesures semi-classiques pour des systèmes dynamiques chaotiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437912.
Full textRivière, Gabriel. "Délocalisation des mesures semi-classiques pour des systèmes dynamiques chaotiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://pastel.paristech.org/5721/01/these-riviere-final.pdf.
Full textBellec, Jean-Paul. "La délocalisation intra-communautaire des sociétés : aspects juridiques, fiscaux et sociaux." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010295.
Full textThe thesis see the corporations displacement in their true legal sides. As partof the enew strategy to establish a huge market without indoor boundaries, a host of either european or north-american parent companies remove their local plants, subsidiaries from ons state to another within the ec. The the sis looks at a glance on the main frame. Proven cases like hoover, timex, caterpillar focuse on the outstanding reasons: to curtail wages expenses, to negociate attractive contracts with trade unions, to pay attention to tax policies held by ec members. The bosses argue the strengthening of the competition. Beyond the economical arguments, ec members promote "sweat shops policies". So the thesis asks some questions: -would it be relevant to conciliate corporation displacement with the ec rules which insist upon both economical and legal integration? the "beggar thy neighbour policies" lead to a fundamental question of the devices given to ec institutions to enforce the spirit of the ec treaty. The case of hoover, engraved on the memory, features the trade unions assignment: the lack of social rules, the rejection by the uk of european major labour regulations
Mateur, Zouhour. "Attractivité à l'investissement direct étranger et la délocalisation industrielle en Tunisie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05D004.
Full textSince the beginning of the 70's, Tunisia has given a major importance to the FDI as a means of the economic development. As a consequence to the aims of the economic globalization, the political opening up adopted by the Tunisian government should profit by the offred opportunities to the delocation of the international industrial activities. However, the present situation is far from responding to the expectations. A great gap exists between the taken means and the measures to stimulate the MNF and the registered results. At this level of analysis, a question should be asked: Does Tunisia have the possibility to get industrial dynamics or will it stay for ever tributary to the delocation of firms? After a general evaluation, Tunisia has to change or improve its development strategy in the industrial field and especially towards the foreign delocating firms. For Tunisia the aim is no more to attract the MNF but mainly to target competitive investments whose technological contribution, known-how and job recruitment will be more significant for the national economy
Ohanessian, Gilles. "Étude théorique de la délocalisation électronique par la méthode Valence Bond." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112218.
Full textHammami, Ramzi. "Sur la conception de chaînes logistiques dans un contexte de délocalisation." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0018.
Full textThis work deals with the design of supply chains in the delocalization context. We first identify the important factors (decisions, costs, constraints, etc. ) that should be considered in a supply chain design mathematical model that is adapted to the delocalization problem. Then, we develop two optimization models for the supply chain design in the delocalization context. The first model integrates ail the important aspects of the problem (technology selection, capacity relocation, transfer pricing, facility closing costs, etc. ). Ln the second model, we especially focus on the consideration of intangible activities and the determination of transfer priees for both tangible and intangible components. An illustrative case study from the automotive sector is described and used to make the experiments on both models
Messaoudi, Dalila. "Les enjeux géoéconomiques industriels et territoriaux de la délocalisation des entreprises françaises." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100064/document.
Full textCompetition across territories has shaken the French industrial landscape. The economic survival of some industrial companies was achieved at the expense of a spatial reorganisation commonly referred to as “relocation”. These relocations first affected jobs where workforce constituted an important part of the cost of returns. Such activities went through difficult paths and led to numerous factory closures as well as thousands of job losses. Today, this scheme tends to evolve due to emerging countries’ willingness to position on technical and technological activities. In front of this worrying trend, local authorities are often powerless. How to avoid the exodus of French industrial companies? How to attract new investors? What are the most threatened activities? What are the real impacts on employment pools? Are some sectors still protected or is this movement going to extend until affecting all French industrial activities? Will we witness a “territorial redeployment” characterised by the marginalisation of former industrial regions and the emergence of new territories better equipped to resist in France? Can we really quantify and measure this phenomenon? This dissertation aims to observe and analyse the terms of spatial and organisational activities in the most sensitive sectors and the most affected regions. It intends to highlight the perspectives for such a trend in the French case while insisting on the parameters likely to make it evolve in the short and medium term, and analysing the types of local regulations that can promote the French territory
Gallego, Virginie. "La valorisation de l'expertise humaine : une alternative à la délocalisation des PME." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10061.
Full textPlaced in a context of globalization, SMEs are subjected to the offshore phenomenon, in the same way as the big companies. Nevertheless, some of them choose to maintain their activities on the territory of origin by leading said strategies "alternatives". Our research considers the human dimension as foundation of an alternative strategy in the offshore. More exactly, it is a question of estimating the impact of human expertise valorisation on the preservation of the activities in a given territory. The analysis is based on resources based-view theory and simultaneously on the contributions of the literature to the skills in humans' resources and to the concept of expertise. This theoretical positioning leads us to integrate the human dimension into the resource based-view theory by proposing the concept of human expertise. The stake in this expertise in the competitiveness of companies and the preservation of their activities on the territory can be so esteemed. The research took place in three stapes. First of all, in an exploratory approach, a study case has been led among a SME having a offshore strategy and relocation on its territory of origin. First results show limits of an offshoring strategy and, in the same way, the alternatives strategies possibilities. Secondly, a study case based on interviews, observations and documentary analyses led with SMEs which keep their activities located in France, while wondering on a offshore strategy. In the third part, in order to improve results validity, surveys have been administered. To conclude, it has been show that the more companies value human expertise, the less their activities are exposed to this phenomenon. We proposed a method lead SMEs in their decision of localisation
Poncharal, Philippe. "Etude de la délocalisation électronique dans les agrégats ioniques MnXn-p d'halogénures d'alcalins." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30153.
Full textCiaramella, Laurie. "Échange et délocalisation de la propriété intellectuelle : Essais sur les marchés de brevets." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM077.
Full textThis thesis empirically studies markets for patents.Chapter 1 investigates the international transfers of patent ownership with respect to patent box regimes, which provide advantageous tax schemes for revenues derived from patents. It provides empirical evidence on the use of markets for patents with respect to taxes, and analyses this behaviour regarding the features and the flexibility of fiscal policies.Chapter 2 studies the transfers of Standard-Essential Patents (SEPs), which give their owners large market and bargaining power. It provides empirical evidence on the existence and characteristics of two distinct markets for SEPs: the pre-declaration market, on which firms trade early technologies, and the post-declaration market, on which firms exchange already declared SEPs.Chapter 3 examines the effect of geographical distance between the contracting parties on the timing of the licensing deal. It controls for confounding factors and provides evidence on the existence of a local characteristic undermining the efficiency arguments related to markets for technology.Chapter 4 develops a systematic method for the large-scale analysis of the transfers of patent rights using European registers. It applies this method to derive novel economic evidence on the field of medical technologies
Lan, Hing Ting karine. "La délocalisation en action : une analyse des pratiques situées du travail en centres d'appels." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0099.
Full textServing as an interface between the organization and customers/users, call centers are now present in all spheres of economic activity. In order to reduce costs and gain efficiency, this activity is, increasingly, outsourced and offshored. One destination for offshoring is Mauritius, where I conducted my field work and collected video data in two call centers. The sociological analysis presented in this thesis has focused on actual call center work, with a naturalistic and situated approach and from a communicational perspective, inspired by conversation analysis and linguistics. Firstly, it appears that despite a certain degree of repetitiveness and while "talking on the phone" is the main activity of the call centre agent, "work" consists of a series of complex actions, characterized by multi-activity. Collaboration between colleagues – which is often mediated technologically and finely coordinated - is dominating. Then, in a context of "globalization of call center activities ", analyzes show how distance (geographical and cultural) and otherness are managed conversationally. It appears that the distance is not simply "masked"; its invisibility is achieved, that is, made transparent and non-relevant for the task at hand and for the customer. Mutual understanding between Mauritian call center agent and French customer is established and maintained, enabling the efficient delivery of service, sequentially organized around the service request and its delivery
Wang, Liang-Yun. "Mondialisation, délocalisation industrielle et transport : l'organisation du transport des exportations d'habillement de la Chine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3010.
Full textThe subject of international transportation organization and supply chain management are becoming essential for multinational companies in today’s global economy. The textile and apparel industry illustrates well the process of globalization in the manufacturing sector as this is an industry whose manufacture takes on a global dimension earlier than other industries. Starting from 2005, apparel exports from China accounts for more than one-third of world’s total apparel trade. Most researches on supply chain management in this industry emphasize the role of retailers, e.g. brand chain stores, department stores or hypermarkets. This paper focuses on the manufacturing aspect, namely the process from raw materials to products. We have conducted interviews with Chinese manufacturers, commercial intermediaries (Hong Kong and Taiwan), western buyers and freight forwarders. Firstly we analyze the process from textile procurement to apparel delivery, with an emphasis on the Incoterms (Internatonal Commercial Terms) and transportation mode, time and cost. We can see how the actors adapt to the constraints on transportation systems and how this shapes the way that western buyers outsource the manufacture. The apparel industry in China adopted the manufacturing model used in newly industrialized Asian countries including Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. From 1980s, the companies in these countries moved their production chain to China and became intermediaries between Chinese manufacturers and western buyers. The manufacturers take care of everything from textile procurement to apparel making instead of handling only the final stage. A complete vertical integration in the industrial clusters in China can reduce the transport time of tissues and other intermediate products. Subcontractors in China usually sell the goods on Incoterms FOB that gives western buyers the latitude to organize international transportation. Besides, the ways they externalize their transportation activities affect the market share of international freight forwarders. Western buyers often externalize the transport organization to those freight forwarders who have their own network in multiples countries. The dominance of distributors in the apparel industry has created an environment favorable to the development of multinational freight forwarders. At last we examined the market of freight forwarders in China from the viewpoint of regulation. The western freight forwarders groups expand their global network while western industrials establish their foreign sites. As western buyers have more power to decide the transportation of exporting goods, western forwarders have also the dominance in the China’s market. In this condition, it is difficult for local Chinese forwarders to develop their own worldwide network. Hence, Chinese government takes measures to comply with the WTO principles but protect the local Chinese forwarders at the same time. This thesis shows in parallel the development of two systems, the one of production and the other of transportation, which are bound by outsourcing of transportation activities. It is an interactive process of globalization where one fits the other in a complex way in both directions. Technical development, international and national regulations, market power and historical, geographical and social features: all these factors involved in this process. In the case of China, we can see that a transport environment which facilitates the international trade is essential for the industrial enterprises of a country to integrate into the global value chain
Mentec, Arnaud. "Les bisphtalocyanines de lutetium, des radicaux neutres : étude de la délocalisation de l'électron non apparié." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2009.
Full textThe properties of the lutetium bisphthalocyanines are due to the presence of an unpaired electron delocalized over the molecule. For unsymmetrical complexes, constituted of differently substituted macrocycles, a partial localization of this electron on one of the cycles is expected. The comparison of Raman (and IR) spectra of the three redox forms of some new unsymmetrical bisphthalocyanines has been carried out. It has been concluded that it is not possible to discriminate the vibrations of each macrocycle of one unsymmetrical complex. Thus, both techniques are not adapted for an evaluation of the degree of delocalization of the single electron. A theoric study realized by DFT (Density Functional Theory) for unsymmetrical bisphthalocyanines shows that the unpaired electron is preferentially localized on one of the cycle and a dissymetry in the repartition of the electronic charges, inducing a great dipolar moment. This dissymetry induces, for the most of bisphthalocyanines, a dimer formation whose existence, in solution and at room temperature, significantly affects the electrochemical behaviour of these compounds
Aquino, Pires do Rio Gisela. "Délocalisation de l'industrie de l'aluminium et géographie industrielle : le jeu des contraintes énergétiques et environnementales." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0097.
Full textThe space-industry relationship is investigated by comparing the empirical results four countries: austrialia, brazil, canada and venezuela, using the aluminium industry to study the impacts of envrionmental policies on industrial location. More specifically, i study the hypothesis according to which soft: environmental policies in the developing countries entails an industrial dislocation by attracting investment from multinational corporations in search for less stringent regulations. The hypothesis is rejected; i show that other public policy matters affected the international competitiveness in the aluminium industry
Rambaud, Christophe. "Etude, par spectroscopie optique, de la délocalisation quantique de protons dans des cristaux d'acide benzoi͏̈que." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10103.
Full textWang, Rui. "Mondialisation et localisation des activités des entreprises : UE – R. P. de Chine." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030019.
Full textThe objective of this work is to understand the localization of the European and the Chinese enterprises within the framework of globalization; The research is founded on three principal parts : a) the theoretical contribution with trade, IDE and globalization ; b) the principal determinants of offsourcing and localization between the European and the Chinese enterprises ; c) the activities of the enterprises localized and the consequences caused in the host countries and the countries of origin. The european enterprises, localized in China are generally attracted by the comparative advantages of this country like the low cost of labour and an immense domestic demand. The Chinese enterprises are interested to purchase the European enterprises since they could quickly control the leading-edge technology, the famous brands and the distribution network. China profited a lot from the localization of the European enterprises (the progression of technology), but it also encounters serious problems (the shortage of the raw materials). In the european countries, the localization of the enterprises in the foreign countries caused some problems such as the fall of industrial employment. Moreover, the arrival of the chinese enterprises cannot play an important role as regards creation of employment and reduction of the deficit on the side of the European Union. In conclusion, the challenges and the obstacles met in the host countries can leave the European and the Chinese enterprises to think about their strategies of localization
Nefussi, Benjamin. "Les investissements à l'étranger, offensifs et défensifs." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0062.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying the impact of globalization in firm's organization. In the first part of this thesis, we focus on the exports versus PDI strategy. PDI is here motivated by market seeking and substitute for exports. In the second part, we are agnostic about the motives that drive foreign investment, and focus on the location choice of each foreign investment. We use a model of discrete choice to estimate the probability that a given country is chosen as the destination of an investment. This enables us to deal with the passionate French debate on "delocalization". We then extend the previous analysis to service affiliates. In the third and last part of this thesis, we focus on French firms' responses to international competition. We capture international competition through imports of goods. According to standard trade theory, French firms should answer to international competition from low wage countries by switching their activities or improving the quality of the products they design
AHN, SE YOUNG. "Les enjeux de la délocalisation industrielle internationale : essai et analyse à la lumière de la filière maritime." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010021.
Full textChatmi, Arbia. "Délocalisation des activités de services : une approche théorique et empirique : une application aux pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1081.
Full textThe service offshoring phenomenon is significant, supported by the development of information and communication technologies. But also with the advent of modularization in the production process. This phenomenon consists in the transfer of the realization of one or more modules of a service activity from the country of origin to the host country. Choosing a host country means that this country shows the best country characteristics for the production of the service. Two aspects which are the knowledge intensity and the disintegration degree define the service type. So, the destinations retained depend on the type of the service to offshore. The developing countries strengthen their country characteristics in order to improve their host capacity. These are the crucial country characteristics to receive services and the essential country characteristics for certain type of services. The crucial country characteristics are those that the developing countries should have to be more profitable than the countries of origin. Concerning the essential country characteristics for different type of services, it suggests that some country characteristics advantage certain services depending on their features. That is why our argument is on the offshoring potential of each service activity based on their features. We also try to determine the suited destination for each service type by taking into account the link between the service features and the host country characteristics
Ricol, Marie-Charlotte. "Contribution à l'étude des processus nucléaires en hadronthérapie et de leur impact sur la délocalisation du dépôt de dose." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10220.
Full textL’hadronthérapie consiste en l’utilisation des particules lourdes dans le but de soigner certains cancers inopérables et/ou résistants aux radiothérapies conventionnelles. L’objectif est de déposer la dose nécessaire dans la tumeur afin de la stériliser, tout en limitant le dépôt de dose dans les tissus sains environnants. Le dépôt de dose est dû en grande partie à l’ionisation de la cible directement par le faisceau incident, mais aussi dans une moindre mesure aux fragments produits par les interactions nucléaires entre les noyaux des projectiles et les noyaux des atomes de la cible. Ces processus nucléaires et leur contribution à la délocalisation de la distribution volumique du dépôt de dose sont difficilement quantifiables du fait de la mauvaise connaissance de leurs sections efficaces aux énergies utilisées en hadronthérapie. Le sujet principal de la thèse est de développer une méthodologie pour la quantification des incertitudes sur la dose effectivement délivrée, étant données les conditions d’irradiation. Ce travail s’est articulé autour de deux axes : une approche phénoménologique et une approche expérimentale. L’approche phénoménologique a consisté en une étude bibliographique et une compilation des données expérimentales existantes, suite auxquelles le modèle empirique développé par Sihver et al. A été amélioré, permettant ainsi une meilleure description des sections efficaces de réaction totales et différentielles noyau-noyau pour un nombre de masse inférieur à 26. L’approche expérimentale a consisté en deux prises de données: tout d’abord la mesure du profil des émetteurs β+ dans une cible d’eau irradiée par des ions carbone en utilisant la technique de tomographie à émission de positons au GANIL , puis la mesure de profils transversaux et longitudinaux de dépôt de dose dans des cible de graphite et de PMMA irradiées par des protons au PSI. Une méthode d’analyse de données consistant à comparer les prédictions des simulations Monte Carlo aux mesures physiques a été ensuite développée
Palaoro, Gilbert. "Analyse des modalités de délocalisation des programmes d’enseignement supérieur : le cas des formations supérieures de gestion au Viêt-Nam." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22001/document.
Full textThe lack of expertise and scientific resources prompts developing countries to resort to the international offer reckoned to be able to boost up their higher education system in the long run, and to favor innovation. This trend generates de facto a world market for knowledge operating on diverging modes, sometimes beyond control, in any case meaning competition, and whose goal is to shape up society’s human asset, i.e. its future. This situation raises issues such as the problem of quality and the coexistence between different logics, both product of either a cultural aid to help development or a private sector competition-based offer. Our research highlights the stakes and risks of this market by taking approaches proper to resource and education developing economy, and to education sciences. We analyze the conditions in which knowledge transfer is carried out, as well as the methods used in pedagogic engineering and evaluation, for cases of master of international management delocalized in Vietnam, a country considered representative thanks to its opening to foreign economy, the growth of foreign trainings within it, its culture and its craving for knowledge.Quantitative and qualitative comparative studies on the master cases recorded between 2005 and 2008, provide microeconomic measurements of the complexity of their transfer in this particular environment. It turns out that the foreign offer hits its own limits and has to face competition rules and powerful constraints from the different actors, each one pursuing his own logic and interests : the State – families - local establishments – companies, etc.. It might eventually occur important gaps between the offer itself and its capacity to locally meet the socio-economic and academic needs in a pertinent way, gaps that may be nevertheless reduced by deliberate association with local partners, firm political will and special care for project engineering
Ricol, M. C. "Contribution à l'étude des processus nucléaires intervenant en hadronthérapie et de leur impact sur la délocalisation du dépôt de dose." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413280.
Full textVignal, Cécile. "Ancrages et mobilités de salariés de l'industrie à l'épreuve de la délocalisation de l'emploi : configurations résidentielles, logiques familiales et logiques professionnelles." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002133360204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe object of the thesis is an analysis of the way workers chose between " residential anchoring " and migration when faced to the closure their factory in the department of Aisne and its relocation two hundreds kilometres away from their usual place of residence in the department of Yonne. This event took place in 2000. The analysis is based on the exploitation of a statistical survey concerning dismissed workers as well as on a qualitative enquiry. It points out that it is a system of resources and constraints, partly related to the different types of family configurations in the territory and to the type of tenure, that accounts for choosing " residential anchoring " or definitive migration or even dual residence. The economic and social disparities in the access to residential and spatial mobilities also explain differences in behaviour. Various types of links between professional considerations and family life considerations are at stake in these geographical choices
Michel, Klaus-Bernhard. "Economic and environmental causes and consequences of offshoring: an empirical assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209302.
Full textWith the increasing scale and scope of offshoring, it becomes crucial to get a grasp of its drivers as well as the gains and threats associated with it. The latter are the focal point of the public and academic discussion around offshoring, in particular the potential threats for workers in developed economies. Typical questions that are being raised are whether offshoring leads to job losses in developed countries and whether it favours certain categories of workers and is to the disadvantage of others. These threats are directly linked to the motivations for engaging into offshoring. In this respect, wage costs play a prominent role. But other factors may also influence offshoring decisions, e.g. regulations, in particular those regarding the environment. Last but not least, offshoring may also entail gains for developed economies through the improvements in the efficiency of production. In this PhD thesis, several causes and consequences of offshoring are examined empirically for Belgium.
The first issue that is investigated is whether offshoring of materials and business services affects industry-level employment. An improved offshoring intensity measure is introduced. It is a volume measure of the share of imported intermediates in output split into materials and business services and according to the country of origin of imports, i.e. high-wage and low-wage countries. Estimations of static and dynamic industry-level labour demand equations augmented by offshoring intensities do not reveal a significant impact of either materials or business services offshoring on total employment for Belgium. This result holds for both the manufacturing sector and the service sector and it proves robust to splitting the manufacturing sector into high-technology and low-technology industries.
These results raise the question whether there are actually productivity gains from offshoring. Therefore, estimates of the impact of materials and business services offshoring on industry-level productivity in Belgium are presented. Two features of the analysis are new compared to the existing literature on this subject: the issue is examined separately for manufacturing and market services industries and the possibility of forward and backward spillovers from offshoring, i.e. that productivity gains from offshoring feed through to upstream and downstream industries, is investigated. Results show that materials offshoring has no effect on productivity, while business services offshoring leads to productivity gains in manufacturing. Furthermore, there is no evidence of either forward or backward spillovers from offshoring.
Despite the absence of an industry-level total employment effect, offshoring may alter the within-industry composition of employment. In this respect, a major concern is the worsening of the labour market position of low-skilled workers. This issue is addressed by providing evidence on the impact of offshoring on the skill structure of manufacturing employment in Belgium between 1995 and 2007. Offshoring is found to significantly lower the employment share of low-skilled workers. Its contribution to the fall in the employment share of low-skilled workers amounts to 35%. This is mainly driven by offshoring to Central and Eastern European countries. Business services offshoring also contributes significantly to the fall in the low-skilled employment share. As a complement to the existing literature, the widely used current price measure of offshoring is compared with a constant price measure that is based on a deflation with separate price indices for domestic output and imports. This reveals that the former underestimate the extent of offshoring and its impact on low-skilled employment. Finally, further results show that the impact of offshoring on low-skilled employment is significantly smaller in industries with a higher ICT capital intensity.
Furthermore, attention is drawn to environmental effects of offshoring by asking whether offshoring contributes to reducing air emissions from manufacturing. Indeed, since the mid-90’s, production-related air emissions in Belgian manufacturing have been reduced substantially. It can be shown that the pace of the reduction has been fastest for domestic intermediates. The issue of whether offshoring has played a role in this reduction by replacing domestic intermediates by imported intermediates is widely debated. Here, a decomposition analysis is developed to measure the contribution of offshoring – the share of imported intermediates in total intermediates – to the fall in air emissions for domestic intermediates. Based on the results from this decomposition analysis, it is possible to calculate that 17% of the fall in greenhouse gas emissions, 6% of the fall in acidifying emissions and 7% of the fall in tropospheric precursor emissions in Belgian manufacturing between 1995 and 2007 can be attributed to offshoring.
Finally, emission intensities are also considered as a potential determinant of offshoring. An econometric approach for testing the pollution haven effect for imported intermediate materials is developed. The approach is new with respect to the existing literature on pollution havens through its specific focus on imports of intermediates. The test is embedded in a cost function framework from which a system of cost share equations for variable input factors is derived. The set of potential determinants of the demand for imported intermediate materials includes emission intensities for three types of air pollutants. Their impact constitutes a test of the pollution haven effect. The system of cost share equations is estimated by a within ISUR using data for the Belgian manufacturing sector. Results show some albeit relatively weak evidence of a pollution haven effect for imported intermediate materials.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lhenry, Sophie. "L' exil des militantes ou la délocalisation de la lutte : analyse processuelle des engagements d'exilées Algériennes et Iraniennes impliquées dans les combats féministes en France." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070002.
Full textResearch on the involvement of migrants is often limited to the observation of their activities in organizations within in the country of immigration, thus obscuring its origin. It is from the experience of political Iranian and Algerian exiles in France that we have reconstructed "career activists" to understand the collective and individual logic behind them. How does one become an activist in a closed political context? What are the barriers and facilitators for women's involvement? Should exile be perceived as an escape from the threat? How do activists manage to transform their experience of migration? How do their commitments evolve? What feminist struggles do they refer to? From the analysis of life stories of Algerian and Iranian women activist exiles in the 1990s for the first (during the Algerian civil war) and in the 1980s for second (with the advent of the Islamic Republic of Iran) we will attempt to answer these questions. We will position ourselves at the intersection of theories of social movements, feminist theories and research on migration, to analyze these careers influenced by political exile. Our research thereby updates the commitment process (including feminist) in different contexts at the same time as it provides an analysis of exile in terms of "relocation of the struggle. " It also participates in a better understanding of the articulation of power relations through a reflection on the accession of some of feminist activists to a restrictive universalist feminism
Pétrélis, Nicolas. "Localisation d'un polymère en interaction avec une interface." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068229.
Full textsolvants (huile-eau). Ces modèles
donnent tous lieu à une transition entre une phase localisée et une phase délocalisée. Nous prouvons tout d'abord
plusieurs résultats de convergence de modèles discrets vers leurs modèles continus associés. Ces convergences
ont lieu dans le cas d'un couplage faible (haute température) et concernent l'énergie libre d'une part, et la pente
de la courbe critique à l'origine d'autre part. Pour cela, nous développons une méthode de
coarse graining
introduite par Bolthausen et den Hollander que nous généralisons au cas d'un copolymère soumis à un potentiel
d'accrochage aléatoire le long de l'interface huile-eau.
Nous prouvons ensuite un résultat trajectoriel, dans le cas d'un
copolymère soumis, en l'une de ses extrémités, à une force qui le tire loin de l'interface.
Nous montrons, en particulier
qu'à l'intérieur de la phase localisée, le polymère ne touche l'interface qu'un nombre fini de fois.
Enfin, nous étudions le cas d'un homopolymère hydrophobe au voisinage d'une interface (huile-eau) et
soumis également
a un potentiel aléatoire lorsqu'il touche cette interface. Par une méthode consistant à adapter la loi de
chacune des
excusions en dehors de l'interface à son environnement aléatoire local, nous prenons en compte le fait que le polymère
peut viser les sites
où il vient toucher l'interface. Ceci permet d'améliorer de façon quantitative la borne inférieure de la courbe
critique du modèle quenched donnée jusqu'alors par la courbe critique du modèle à potentiel constant.
Biard, Eric. "Facteurs de diffusion des pratiques sportives hors cadre et stratégie des acteurs : études de cas comparatives dans la délocalisation des sports de nature aux milieux urbains." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738986.
Full textHadadah, Ali. "L'impact de l'ouverture internationale des industries polluantes sur l'environnement : vers une contestation du phénomène de "Havre de pollution"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32051.
Full textFor a long time, the policies of environmental protection were accused of being the cause of important relocations, entailing the risk of the « environmental dumping » and the appearance of the phenomenon of the « pollution haven ». It is this theory that we will take issue in this thesis by demonstrating that even it is exact in exceptional cases, it is not any more in most of the cases and it is because of several mechanisms which have relation with the nature of environmental policies, the structures of the market and the intern composition of companies. We are going to study factors encouraging multinationals to relocate. In addition, we are going to demonstrate the impact of these factors on the concentration of the polluting industries and consequently on the appearance of the phenomenon of « pollution haven » (Chapter 1). Then we will explain the ineffectiveness of the public interventions to resolve the environmental issues and the necessity of the social responsibility of companies as condition of success of environmental policies (Chapter 2). Finally, we will contradict the existence of « pollution haven » and we will verify that the environmental protection and the economic competition can converge in a way that the one be the condition of the success of the other (Chapter 3)
Cuisance, Marie-Laure. "Les petites catastrophes de la vie domestique : ethnographie des mutations de la relation assureur-assurés chez Axa-France : dilater l’espace, fragmenter le temps, intensifier la voix." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100077.
Full textSince the beginning of the century, the French subsidiary of the AXA Group, one of the world’s leading insurance companies, has been engaged in a long process of rationalising its business activities. The reorganisation and computerisation of work and the creation of call centres, with some located in Rabat (Morocco), are factors which lead to a change in the relationship between the insurer and the insured. In the frame of a CIFRE PhD Program with Axa Customer Services Management, I was totally immersed for almost three years in the administration of the company’s indemnity procedures for home insurance. I also conducted interviews with employees in France and Rabat (Morocco), in AXA branches and with customers at their home. This thesis examines the tension between the singular nature of the “petites catastrophes de la vie domestique” and the insurance model (Zelizer, 1983). The results revealed that spatial expansion, time fragmentation and partial anonymisation of interactions tend to eliminate physical contact and increase the distance between where the incident occurred and where it is assessed. These three factors modifie interactions around the calculation of financial payouts. They ‘re-personalize’ the relationship, lead to largely imaginary representations of the Other and intensify the connection with the voice
Mourier, Pascal. "Délocalisations industrielles compétitives." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090008.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is about plant relocation. This is a thesis of industrial organization focused on plant; we will try to demonstrate that the turbulent environment nowadays causes frequent relocation of existing plants. Therefore, these firmmust learn to master and manage the plant relocation process. In a first part of the thesis, we have tried to understand the relocation phenomenon and determine how location and relocation articulate one with the other. The second part aims at analysing the plant relocation at the firm level and answer such questions as: how to work out plant relocation, which ruptures can we identify and how to manage them?
Schiele, Pascal. "Prélèvements obligatoires et délocalisations." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020091.
Full textInternational relocations are an intricate industrial phenomenon which consists in transferring employement abroad. Are the relocations a real threat for our country in fact nobody knows. Not being sur, we should proceed with caution. Theoretically heads of french compantes can use subcontracting and contractual joint venture. It is the contratual logic. They should locat subsidiaries abroad, this strategy should result from territoriality on french tax on benefits. Relocations should be a new tax planning strategy. Relocation can be explained by tax and social reasons, accordingly we must find tax and social solutions which could be to launch a basic and deep reform of french tax system
Scroccaro, Alessandra. "Des territoires aux territorialités multi-situées : réseaux de la production du "made in Italy" en Roumanie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30002.
Full textIn the current global economic environment, roughly dynamic, but also fragmented, the partial or complete relocation of the production is a widely debated issue. The arising questions concern particularly the impact of relocation on territories, which seem at first glance "submitted" to purely economic causes seeking lower production costs. This research work suggests analyzing production networks of the "made in Italy", that have been settled between Italy and Romania inthe last twenty years. The Italian entrepreneurial strategies were established according to the influence of the Romanian territorial inheritance and the territorial characteristics of Romanian departments. The successive phases of Italian companies’ relocations would form different territories according to the companies strategies, production networks, power relations and scales. This research work would also enlighten the reader about the emergence of new territories, multi‐sited territorialities and the different forms of development based on production networks set between Italy and Romania
Andrès, Frédéric. "Délocalisations, croissance et Union Européenne." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090024.
Full textOur thesis is in line with a very topical debate, namely, that of delocalizations. In the context of an enlarged Europe, the question of where firms will locate is a critical and much debated one. Western European countries fear that some of its industry will be relocated in the likes of Bulgaria or Slovenia, that is, in low-wage countries; in the meantime, Eastern European countries fear that some of their fledgling industry might be attracted by the larger market of more developed countries. Given the depth of the task, we have chosen to investigate only four facets of this problem: (i) chapter 1 focuses on the link between growth, the location of firms and wages; (ii) chapter 2 studies the interplay between international convergence and widening discrepancies within countries; (iii) chapter 3 is about linking the level of integration of two countries to the choice of organizational mode of the firm; (iv) finally, in chapter 4, we link the location of firms to the imperfections of the labor-market
Kandoussi, Malak. "Essays on the labor market : remote work, economic consequences of COVID-19 lockdowns, and establishments’relocation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASI016.
Full textThis thesis consists of three chapters that study labour market.The first chapter focuses on examining the impact of working from home on the labor market outcomes using an extension of the search and matching model. By considering the changes that have occurred in the economy before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the objective is to address the data gap to (i) explain the increase in the share of remote workers following the COVID-19 crisis; (ii) investigate the effects of this shift on labor market outcomes in two distinct areas; and (iii) assess the potential benefits of working from home in reducing inequalities between urban and rural regions.The second chapter introduces a general equilibrium model that incorporates matching frictions to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on unemployment. The model is calibrated on the subprime-crisis experience and is then used to identify the job-specific lockdown shocks, allowing it to predict the observed worker flows by diploma. The study finds that the persistence of the model, which is notably higher than in the DiamondMortensen-Pissarides model, is mitigated by the effects of the CARES Act. This act plays a significant role in reducing the increase in unemployment by reducing the dynamics of worker separations and promoting job hires. Counterfactual experiments conducted in the study demonstrate that incorporating time-varying risk and externalities related to hiring costs are necessary to effectively explain the dynamics of these crises.The third and final chapter focuses on understanding the decision-making process of firms when selecting the locations for their establishments. The study investigates how changes in commuting time resulting from different types of relocations impact job separation and wages. The findings indicate that an increase in commuting time due to a relocation leads to a higher probability of job separation. In order to maintain the employment relationship, establishments that move to the suburbs tend to increase the wages of skilled workers, particularly those residing in the city center. Conversely, no evidence is found to support wage adjustments for establishments relocating to the center, and there is no indication of wage cuts for workers for whom commuting time decreases as a result of the relocation of their establishment
Creven, Fourrier Caroline. "Individual offshoring as a new form of expatriation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB003/document.
Full textIndividual offshoring emerges as a new form of organizational-initiated expatriation which bridges self-initiated-expatriation and international assignment. The failure of IA to retain talented individuals (talent) and a growing pressure on costs leave no choice to companies but to dramatically reconsider how expatriation can develop talent globally in a different but still sustainable way.However, this new form of expatriation resonates as a breach of the psychological contract. If talent no longer expect to remain in the same company for a large part of their career, they still hold an expectation that white collar activities associated to higher degrees would protect their jobs from moving abroad. This thesis was a case study of a company offshoring some of its global talent to lower cost locations. The purpose was to understand what factors talent consider in accepting to relocate to a lower cost location under a local contract. This research contributes to talent retention and sustained talent management while offshoring ac-tivities to lower cost countries
Luxembourg, Corinne. "Villes en transition : les avatars de l'industrie dans les villes françaises petites et moyennes (Blagnac, Bourges, Gennevilliers, Le Creusot, Valenciennes)." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346982.
Full textCes villes sont devenues des espaces de l'entre-deux, des villes interfaces, tour à tour interrogées sur leur caractère industriel, sur leur urbanité, sur les relations des espaces de production avec l'espace urbain et les bouleversements dont elles font l'objet. Parallèlement ou successivement, ces villes connaissent des évolutions, parfois sous l'impulsion de politiques comme les pôles de conversion, les pôle de compétitivité, les tentatives de revitalisation industrielle ou les choix de tertiarisation. Toutefois quels que soient les choix établis, à différent degré ces villes restent industrielles par le ressenti des habitants, l'habitat des salariés, le paysage, l'imaginaire. A cela s'ajoutent des volontés politiques de conserver, de mettre en patrimoine, de marquer l'espace urbain d'éléments évocateurs d'identité, de mémoire collective. Chaque aspect apporté, provoqué par la désindustrialisation, est un des avatars de l'industrie dans ces villes.
Jung, Jaewon. "Essais sur la globalisation et les délocalisations industrielles." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0376.
Full textA technological revolution in the transport and communication sectors, together with a reduction of political and institutional uncertainties in many countries characterized by a relative abundance (and thus cheap) of unskilled labor give tremendous new incentives to firms to offshore outsource some parts of their productions to the South and/or to East European countries. This phenomenon, with its spectacular consequences on industry activity and employment, is one of the major concerns of the policy makers in developed countries today. The objective of this dissertation is to appreciate the effects of industrial delocalization both analytically and numerically. In line with a recent literature of heterogeneous firms in international trade, we highlight the mechanism of Technology upgrading of firms and Skill upgrading of workers induced by globalization, which acts against the Stolper-Samuelson curse, with the outcome that everyone could gain in real term. We extend the model in several interesting directions – the case of multi-product firms, the case of a two-sector economy, a case with endogenous growth, etc. – and confirm our positive welfare predictions
Chiappini, Raphaël. "Compétitivité, stratégies et performances commerciales : une application à la zone euro." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40044/document.
Full textThis thesis is composed of four empirical studies investigating the determinants of export performance discrepancies in the Euro area. The first study evaluates the impact of specialization on export performances relying on a dynamic study of the comparative advantages and a constant market share analysis. A second chapter introduces a new enlarged measure of competitiveness in the traditional export equations based on the study of a composite competitiveness indicator. The third chapter examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and Euro area export performances using both causality tests in a heterogeneous panel and gravity equations. The final part of this thesis discusses the impact of internationalization of production’ strategies on country’s export performances focussing on an analysis of European car manufacturers’ behaviour. The strong German export performance does not only result from its cost competitiveness. The innovation of its products, its infrastructures, its policies aiming at reducing costs for its firms through access to credit and a favourable fiscal policy associated with the increasing fragmentation of its production explain its "over-performance" on the world market. On the contrary, rising labour costs, the lack of product innovation and a strategy of extensive production offshoring hurt the competitiveness of French firms
Hajlaoui, Khalil. "Verres Métalliques et leurs Nanocomposites: Déformation hétérogène." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441787.
Full textNoureen, Sajida. "Nouveaux ligands polypyridiniques à motifs dithiénylpyrroles et complexes de ruthénium correspondants. Propriétés électroniques et applications en photosensibilisation dans les cellules solaires à colorants (DSSC)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0029/document.
Full textDye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) appear to be promising devices. Operation principle relies on the photosensitization of a wide-gap semiconductor with a dye, the latter typically being a polypyridinyl ruthenium(II) complex. Modulation of the properties of such complexes enables the optimization of the corresponding solar cells' performances. In the present work, we synthesized and investigated the effect of new bipyridine ligands bearing electron-donating dithienylpyrroles (DTP). These moieties induced red-shifts of the absorption spectra in homoleptic, bis- and tris-heteroleptic Ru(II) complexes especially when the DTP was bound by its thiophene unit to the bipyridine ligand. A notable increase of the molar extinction coefficients was also obtained. All new compounds have been characterized by using spectroscopic, electrochemical, photophysical and computational chemistry techniques. Two heteroleptic complexes have been tested in DSSCs. Despite excellent light harvesting properties, performances were found lower than those of standard dyes as revealed by J/V and IPCE curves. Stereoelectronic effects could be involved since the bulky DTP moiety could impede an efficient access of the mediator to Ru(III) centers
Hruza, Bernd. "Intégration des entreprises faisant l'objet d'acquisitions : planification, options, coordination." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30003.
Full textThis paper proposes the basis of an analysis and a set of guidelines for integrating industrial groups. Contradictory conclusions from the evaluation of previous results leads one to believe that studying the problem of its strategic aspect is insufficient to explain fully the complexities and difficulties arising within the acquisition process. It becomes evident that the way in which the merger is organised plays a decisive role. In any case, planning has a positive effect on preparatory options. But action plans are only effective where there are constants in environmental conditions. However, at first, planning only forms a part of the actual acquisition. The difficulties of such a system arise from its realisation: most of the problems become visible upon completion. Therefor the coordination mechanisms must be constructed to obtain proposed objectives. This kind of problem is not merely operational - we also have strategic planning. I will examine which coordination systems best adapt to diversification as regards vertical and horizontal integration. After coordinating the merger of the companies, the next task is to resolve the conflicts, which arise from it. At the very beginning, conflicts arise from the struggle for a share of limited resources. But conflicts can also result from a clash of mentalities from different companies. Conflicts due to different mentalities depend more on differences of a socio-cultural origin rather than on decisions made as part o the integration plan. The analysis of socio-cultural barriers is a key to understanding the process of cultural adaptation. Management can have a positive influence on mis process by judicious me of measures " favouring socio-cultural integration, thus gradually causing a union between different business cultures
Schaff, Jean-François. "Raccourcis aux transformations adiabatiques de gaz ultrafroids." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689017.
Full textArias, Olivares David. "Relation Among Localization, Delocalization and Physicochemical Properties. From Electron Density Databases to Magnetic Properties Effects of the acceptor unit in dyes with acceptor–bridge–donor architecture on the electron photo-injection mechanism and aggregation in DSSCs The role of Cr, Mo and W in the electronic delocalization and the metal–ring interaction in metallocene complexes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS015.
Full textThe first property here analysed and related with electronic localization/delocalization is the aromaticity. Aromaticity is an important concept introduced by Kekulé; since then, theoreticians and experimentalist have tried to understand it in different groups of molecules analogues to benzene. The importance of this concept and how the aromaticity is affected by the chemical environment is important to understand and link some physicochemical properties. i.e., reactivity, stability, magnetic response. The physicochemical properties of interest are the electronic structure, the nature of bonds and organometallic interactions(differentiation between metallocenes and metallabencenes). Furthermore, the magnetic response and the study of building blocks as possible candidates to make nano-wires or new low-dimension magnetic materials. Finally, we try to understand the interaction and the errors involved in some properties theoretically computed like, the isotropic coupling between metals through aromatic (or organic) units that have become important benchmark molecules to study magnetic properties in inorganic as well as metal-organic systems [...]
Lins, Hoyêdo Nunes. "Restructuration du capital, industrialisation périphérique et changement regional : essai sur l'évolution contemporaine des structures économiques de l'Ouest de la France (régions de programme : Pays de la Loire et Bretagne)." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4501.
Full textThe process of spatial change which characterized the french industry since the fifties is very much connected with the structural tendencies of production organization typical of the present stade of capitalist development. West france's participation in this process is mainly characterized by job creation by big entreprises of the electronics and car industries, and has to be seen in rela tion to the role the region has played within the french space-economy as a source of labour from agriculture. Plant creation by external initiatives did contribute to the region's industrial growth during the last decades, but the jobs created were essentially semiskilled and therefore west france emerges within the french spatial division of labour as a region mostly turned to mass-production and assembly stages of production. Recent industrial growth has meant few links between the new plants and local entreprises. As decisionmaking functions have for the most part been retained at the paris region, contemporary industrialization rather contributed to exacerbate the degree of external control in the regional economy
Raouf, Radouane. "L' impact des délocalisations sur le commerce et l'emploi : Evaluation à l'aide d'un MEGC [modèle d'équilibre général calculable] pour le cas des délocalisations de la France vers les PECO [pays d'Europe centrale et orientale]." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32035.
Full textFor the past two decades, relocations have continued to feed the public debate and make headlines in economic and financial news. All industrialized countries are affected by this phenomenon, which has been described as being a threat to industry. We are interested in this thesis to study the impact of relocation (offshoring) to low wage countries and in particular to the CEE countries, on Frances exports and employment. In this context, the study of movements of relocation involves the analysis of FDI flows. The impact on exports is analysed and assessed by the study of substitution-complementary relationship between outward FDI and exports. The effect on employment can be considered as a result of this relationship. In contrast, the impact on employment depends on the nature of the qualification (skilled or unskilled labor) and the structure of the labor market. There exist a controversy between the theoretical analysis and empirical studies. The theoretical contributions argue for a substitution effect between FDI and exports and a negative impact on unskilled labor. Empirical studies carried out in this field does not come to the same conclusion and the optimists among them conclude that there is a complementary relationship between exports and outflows of FDI to these countries at the macroeconomic level and a substitution relationship at the firm level. For the impact on employment, the effect of offshoring is very low. For the case of France, we have demonstrated, using a Granger causality test, a complementary effect (bilateral causality) between outward FDI from France and exports to the CEECs. For employment, we have adopted another method, an AGE model. The impact on employment is reflected by a negative effect on unskilled labor and a rather positive effect on Skilled labor. The results of this model are consistent with predictions of neoclassical theory known as the Stolper-Samuelson effect. Given the magnitude of the shock that we simulated (a doubling of FDI to the CEECs with a 50% increase in FDI outflows to the rest of the world), the impact of offshore outsourcing on employment in France, in macro level, is limited
Labari, Brahim. "L'économie contre la culture ? : les délocalisations industrielles françaises au Maroc : études monographiques dans deux villes (Casablanca et Agadir)." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100144.
Full textFrench industrial delocalizations can be seen as the prolongation of Franco-Moroccan relations. They are not limited to an economic operation of 'immediate history' but carry a neo-colonial imaginary. The work held with the interested parties accounts for the centrality of the economic issue in the delocalization. Further, it shows the importance of the social context in the reception and legitimization of delocalization. Three elements characterize the Moroccan market approach. First, the mediational culture is reactualized by resorting to local associates. Second, the knowledge of the Moroccan remains fragmented. Third, social relations remain marked by a domestic economy. Local resources and constraints show distinct dimensions in the two cities studied: Casablanca and Agadir. Nonetheless, both cases show that the delocalization approach takes local characteristics into account. In the same way, the work organization in the studied fields are determined by local rules and values