Journal articles on the topic 'Delinquent identity'
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1
Shagufta, Sonia, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, and Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Latent classes of delinquent behaviour associated with criminal social identity among juvenile offenders in Pakistan." Journal of Forensic Practice 17, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-08-2014-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the number and nature of latent classes of delinquency that exist among male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 415 young male offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan. Latent class analysis was employed to determine the number and nature of delinquency latent classes. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between latent classes and the three factors of criminal social identity (cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and in-group ties) whilst controlling for criminal friends, period of confinement, addiction, age, and location. Findings – The best fitting latent class model was a three-class solution. The classes were labelled: “minor delinquents” (the baseline/normative class; Class 3), “major delinquents” (Class 1), and “moderate delinquents” (Class 2). Class membership was predicted by differing external variables. Specifically, Class 1 membership was related to having more criminal friends; while Class 2 membership was related to lower levels of in-group affect and higher levels of in-group ties. Practical implications – Findings are discussed in relation to refining current taxonomic arguments regarding the structure of delinquency and implications for prevention of juvenile delinquent behaviour. Originality/value – First, most previous studies have focused on school children, whereas, this paper focuses on incarcerated juvenile offenders. Second, this research includes delinquents from Pakistan, whereas, most previous research has examined delinquent behaviour in western cultures.
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De Coster, Stacy, and Jennifer Lutz. "Reconsidering Labels and Primary Deviance." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 5 (April 19, 2018): 609–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818771437.
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Objective: We assess Matsueda’s reflected appraisals model of delinquency across groups of previously delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. We hypothesize that the reflected appraisals process, which entails incorporating informal appraisals by significant others into self-identities, differs across delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. Method: We estimate cross-group models of the reflected appraisals process among delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents using the data (National Youth Survey) and methodology (structural equation modeling) from Matsueda’s original research. Results: The informal labeling and identity processes articulated in the reflected appraisals model better explain delinquency continuity than delinquency onset. Notable differences across previously delinquent and nondelinquent groups are found with respect to the influence of parental appraisals on reflected appraisals and with respect to the influence of race on parental and reflected appraisals. Conclusions: Informal labeling predicts both continuity and onset of delinquency. Continuity results from delinquent adolescents incorporating troublemaking appraisals into their self-identities and living up to those labels. Identity processes prove unimportant for linking troublemaking appraisals to delinquency among falsely appraised adolescents. Future research is needed to assess the possibility that false appraisals produce delinquency through processes articulated in general strain and defiance theories. We also discuss avenues for future research on race, identities, and delinquency.
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BAZEMORE, GORDON. "Delinquent Reform and the Labeling Perspective." Criminal Justice and Behavior 12, no. 2 (June 1985): 131–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854885012002001.
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This article examines the utility of the labeling perspective in the explanation of reform among delinquents. In the labeling view, juvenile court labeling is expected to increase the probability that offending will be extended into the adult years. Further, change in delinquent identity, or the internalization of the delinquent label, is argued to mediate the labeling/reform relationship. Using data on a cohort of delinquents followed for 15 years, an empirical test of this labeling interpretation is presented. This test is replicated in the case of “positive” labeling where the effects on reform of labeling by the school are expected to be mediated by positive self-esteem. A common alternative explanation of the posited relationship between labeling and subsequent offending focused on individual variation in delinquent involvement is also examined using these data. Findings challenge the traditional labeling view that changes in self-esteem or delinquent identity (i.e., “acceptance” of the label) are required intervening processes in the relationship between labeling and future offending or reform. The alternative explanation of the labeling/reform relationship is also not supported in these data. An organizational level interpretation and new research directions are suggested.
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Walters, Glenn D. "Desistance and Identity: Do Reflected Appraisals as a Delinquent Impede the Crime-Reducing Effects of the Adolescent-to-Adult Transition?" Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819899133.
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Desistance from crime can occur at any age but is most likely to occur during the adolescence-to-adult transition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one facet of a criminal identity (i.e., reflected appraisals as a delinquent) impedes future desistance in male youth making the transition from adolescence to adulthood, controlling for family structure, social influence, low self-control, prior delinquency, and age of delinquency onset. Longitudinal data furnished by 284 members of the Marion County Youth Study, all of whom were male and 98% of whom were White, each with histories of delinquency, were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis and causal mediation analysis. Results indicated that reflected appraisals correlated negatively with desistance and successfully mediated the inverse relationship between number of prior delinquent contacts and subsequent desistance from crime between the ages of 19 and 26. Considering the role reflected appraisals appear to play in the development of a criminal identity, it is speculated that targeting reflected appraisals as a delinquent should be of value in maximizing the number of juveniles who desist from crime during the adolescence-to-adult transition.
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Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10676.
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The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
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Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10708.
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The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
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Dikusar, Ya S. "INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON FORMATION ON THE IDENTITY OF THE CRIMINAL." Yugra State University Bulletin 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20200130-36.
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The paper sets an approach to the definition of the family as a social system, considers the concept of family identity, which is one of the factors of the favorable influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality. The structure of the family identity of minors is revealed, its most significant factors are determined. The article examines in detail such a component of the structure of family identity as family cohesion. The author also presents data from a survey of adolescent delinquent and normative behavior using the «Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale» (FACES-3), analyzes them, identifies the types of families of juvenile delinquents, and presents the results of a study of the family identity of juvenile delinquents in a table form. Using t-student test, statistically significant differences were revealed between the prevailing types of families of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with normative behavior. As a result of the work, the author of the article emphasizes that the lack of a sense of adolescents' connection with the family, acceptance by the family, satisfaction with their family complicates their social development situation and can lead to illegal behavior. The author also makes brief recommendations on overcoming family disunity to form a cohesion factor as an indicator of family identity.
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Walters, Glenn D. "Proactive Criminal Thinking and Deviant Identity as Mediators of the Peer Influence Effect." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016636436.
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The purpose of this study was to test the moral model of criminal lifestyle development with data from the 1,725-member (918 boys and 807 girls) National Youth Survey. It was hypothesized that peer delinquency would predict proactive criminal thinking but not deviant identity as part of a four-variable chain running from peer delinquency to participant delinquency. Consistent with this hypothesis, the pathway running from peer delinquency to proactive criminal thinking to deviant identity to participant delinquency was significant but the pathway running from peer delinquency to deviant identity to proactive criminal thinking to participant delinquency was not. Deviant identity nonetheless predicted proactive criminal thinking and delinquency. These results support a major pathway in the moral model and indicate that while deviant identity plays a role in antisocial development, it is as a cause and effect of proactive criminal thinking rather than as an effect of delinquent peer associations.
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Afrasiabi, Hossein. "Determinants of Tendency to Deviant Social Identity among Delinquent Youth." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p298-304.
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Deviant identity has been recognized as one of the main causes of the crime in a large number of the studies. Formation of criminal or deviant identity are affected by different social conditions this study was conducted in order to investigate the factors underlying the deviant identity among the delinquent youth. The research sample consisted of 15-25years old delinquent youth in Yazd city. A survey was used as research method and data were collected using the questionnaires. The results showed that destructive social capital, Anomie and deviance in the family, have a significant relationship with deviant identity.
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Milosevic, Nikoleta. "The identity of an underachiever student as an outcome of social relations." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 1 (2006): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601101m.
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The paper deals with various performance factors in underachiever students primarily juvenile delinquents who reported declining levels of achievement throughout the duration of corrective out-of-institution measures. This raises the question: Why is there a decline in school achievement of juvenile delinquents during the treatment which is essentially aimed at improving school performance. What causes this? In the search for an answer we considered various approaches for the determination of the identity of a juvenile delinquent, underaching at school. The author takes issue with traditional views on identity and changes the focus from an individual over to the interaction between an individual and society. It is argued that poor school performance should be placed in the context of social relations; the author suggests that problems faced by underachievers at school only accidentally stem from what they can or cannot do, rather, the root of the problem lies in the manner other people relate to them. It is necessary that a teacher should realize that students are social beings in behavioral experiments who have individualities and that their personal characteristics stem from their relations with other people. A teacher is expected to attempt to construct the manner in which a student views himself and the world around himself, that is, to enter a "role relationship" with him.
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Blažytė, Violeta, and Saulė Raižienė. "Friendship quality of adolescents, who are inclined and who are not inclined into delinquent behavior, comparision." Pedagogika 113, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.1760.
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Using a longitudinal sample this study aim was to compare friendships quality with the best friend and the amout of friends of adolescents who are inclined into delinquent behavior and who are not inclined into delinquent behavior.The sample consisted of 2638 adolescents: 1482 boys (56.18 %) and 1156 girls (43.82 %). Respondents were divided into goups of boys and girls who are inclined into delinquent behavior and who are not inclined into delinquent behavior. Friendship quality was assessed by free J. G. Parker and S. R. Asher (1989) Friendship Quality Questionaire subscales: 1) Validation and Caring scale, 2) Intimate Exchange scale, 3) Conflict and Betrayal scale. Delinquent behavior was assessed by problematical behavior scale evaluation, which was created by the group of project “Political socialization development from the adolescence till the youth: mechanisms of citizens political identity development in Lithuania” researchers according to B. Kracke and M. Held (1994). Amount of adolescents’ intimate friends was assesed by asking respondents to write up to 8 friends names and surnames from the school.Research results show that boys are more inclined into delinquent behavior than girls. Friendships with the best friend of adolescents who are inclined into delinquent behavior are more intimately exchangeable and conflicted then friendships with the best friend of those adolescents who are not inclined into delinquent behavior. Validation and caring level of adolescents, who are inclined into delinquent behavior and who are not inclined into delinquent behavior, friendships do not differ. Furthermore, adolescents who are inclined into delinquent behavior have more friends than adolescents who are not inclined into delinquent behavior.This research shows that friendships of adolescences twho are inclined into delinquent behavior has some similarities and some differences from the friendships of adolescences who are not inclined into delinquent behavior.
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Тигунцева, Галина. "GENESIS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE IDENTITY TEEN-DELINQUENT IN RUSSIAN PSYCHOLOGY." Криминологический журнал Байкальского государственного университета экономики и права 9, no. 1 (2015): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1996-7756.2015.9(1).47-56.
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Šestak, Nikita, and Milica Vlajić. "Young delinquent: Inquiry into several aspects of identity construction in mass media." Crimen 11, no. 1 (2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen2001068s.
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Copp, Jennifer E., Peggy C. Giordano, Monica A. Longmore, and Wendy D. Manning. "Desistance from Crime during the Transition to Adulthood: The Influence of Parents, Peers, and Shifts in Identity." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 294–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427819878220.
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Objectives: Research on criminal continuity and change has traditionally focused on elements of the adult life course (e.g., marriage and employment); however, recent social and economic changes suggest the need to consider a broader range of factors. In addition, researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of identity changes in the desistance process. Methods: Using five waves of structured data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined identity changes, shifts in involvement with delinquent peers, and variability in closeness with parents as influences on desistance. In-depth interviews with a subset of TARS respondents offered a person-centered lens on individual and social processes associated with variability in criminal behavior. Results: Findings indicated that identity changes were associated with declines in offending. In addition, changes in parental closeness and the extent of affiliation with antisocial peers contributed to patterns of offending, net of these subjectively experienced cognitive changes. Conclusions: Cognitive processes are important to desistance. However, they do not independently provide a path to sustained behavioral change. Social experiences, including changes in relationships/supports from parents and affiliation with delinquent peers, also figure into change processes. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and programmatic efforts.
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Kim, Jihoon, and Yeungjeom Lee. "Does It Take a School? Revisiting the Influence of First Arrest on Subsequent Delinquency and Educational Attainment in a Tolerant Educational Background." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 56, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 254–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818801053.
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Objectives: By drawing on cumulative influences of labeling in Western samples, this study examined the relationship between first-time arrest and delinquency and educational attainment in South Korea, a unique cultural context characterized by a heightened focus on education. Method: Propensity score matching was employed to match arrested and nonarrested juveniles. After the groups were balanced on 58 covariates, the matched sample was used to assess the influence of arrest on delinquency and on college enrollment with consideration of the mediating processes of the labeling mechanism and educational characteristics. Results: For a short period, arrest was significantly related to subsequent delinquency, although this association did not persist into the consecutive year. Arrest did not adversely influence college enrollment. The mediating models showed that arrest had a negative influence on deviant self-identity and educational characteristics; however, these associations did not extend to subsequent delinquency and educational attainment. Conclusions: Formal sanction experiences have a more imminent impact on amplifying deviance for arrestees, but this influence does not seem to last long term. Results imply that an education system with a tolerant atmosphere may serve as a buffer against labeling effects and highlight the importance of school context in shaping delinquent behavior.
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Spiegler, Olivia, Ralf Wölfer, and Miles Hewstone. "Dual Identity Development and Adjustment in Muslim Minority Adolescents." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 48, no. 10 (September 13, 2019): 1924–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01117-9.
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Abstract Dual identity (e.g., strong ethnic and national identity) is a psychological resource for minority groups, but how it develops during adolescence is less clear. In this 3-wave longitudinal study, a person-oriented approach was used to examine dual identity development in a sample of 2145 Muslim adolescents (MT1 = 15 years, 51% female) in four Western European countries. The results of a growth-mixture model pointed toward four distinct developmental Classes: (1) “Dual identity”, (2) “Separation to dual identity”, (3) “Assimilation to dual identity”, and (4) “Separation”. Multiple group comparisons further showed that adolescents in Class 1 were well adjusted, but well-being (e.g., internalizing problems, life satisfaction) and health were even higher among adolescents in Class 2. Adolescents in Class 3 had consistently lower levels of well-being, and adolescents in Class 4 had lower levels of socio-cultural adjustment (e.g., problem behaviour at school, delinquent behaviour, and lack of intergroup contact). The findings underscore that most Muslim minority adolescents in Western Europe develop a dual identity, and that the developmental process, not simply the outcome, matters for adjustment.
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Spink, Alisa, Daniel Boduszek, Agata Debowska, and Christopher Bale. "Validation of the Measure of Delinquent Social Identity Among Youth Offenders in the UK." Deviant Behavior 40, no. 9 (May 23, 2018): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2018.1456723.
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Ashton, Sally-Ann, and Anna Bussu. "Peer groups, street gangs and organised crime in the narratives of adolescent male offenders." Journal of Criminal Psychology 10, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-06-2020-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how young people who offend with others define delinquent and criminal groups and consider the social risk factors associated with gang membership and criminal exploitation. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 15 young people who were purposively sampled from a group of 14- to 17-year-old males who had been identified as at risk of gang involvement and referred to a community-based programme. Using a social identity framework, a thematic analysis was undertaken to investigate how the participants viewed their role in offending as part of a group. Findings The participants identified peer groups, street gangs and the involvement of adult criminals as distinct categories of offending groups. Unlike prior models for gang involvement, some members of the sample were involved in multiple groups to perform different categories of crime. Importantly, participants displayed an awareness of exploitation and described successful exit strategies from criminal groups. Research limitations/implications Understanding how young people who are involved in delinquent behaviour and offending define gang and group offending. Practical implications The implications for gang and group offending prevention and intervention programmes are discussed. Originality/value The literature on child criminal exploitation and UK drug markets is in its infancy. This paper offers further evidence for the processes of joining and leaving delinquent and criminal groups.
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Lee, Seunghyun. "The Establishment of the Protective Disposition No.6’s Identity as Halfway Treatment for Delinquent Juvenile." Korean Juvenile Protection Review 31, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.35930/kjpr.31.2.4.
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Lee, Hyeongjin, and Hyuncheol Lim. "A Study on the Influence of Brand Identity of Delinquent Franchise on Perceived Value and Purchase Intention." International Journal of Tourism Management and Sciences 34, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21719/ijtms.34.4.1.
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Théorêt, Bruno. "Psychiatry, Juvenile justice, and delinquent identity: A case study at the juvenile court of Winnipeg, 1930–1959." Journal of Human Justice 6, no. 1 (September 1994): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02587782.
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Na, Chongmin, and Ray Paternoster. "Prosocial Identities and Youth Violence." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 56, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 84–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818796552.
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Objective: Despite a recent surge of interest in the important role that identity change plays in the desistance process, much of the empirical work has been qualitative and conducted with small samples, usually of serious adult offenders. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of adolescents in South Korea, this study explores how the development of their prosocial identity is related to their own social bond and network and collectively how this process relates to a downward trend in violent behavior. Method: Negative binomial random effects models were estimated to assess the within-individual effects of the proposed predictor and mediators on the outcome variable. Then, longitudinal path analyses were conducted to explore the overall and specific mediation processes. Conclusion: First, there is an inverse relationship between prosocial identity and violent behavior across time. Second, our own identity of self might not be entirely a social construction based on others’ appraisals but is intimately connected to the actions that we intentionally take. Third, positive effects of a prosocial identity on subsequent violence are mediated primarily by the avoidance of association with delinquent peers. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.
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Landolt, Sara. "Co-productions of neighbourhood and social identity by young men living in an urban area with delinquent youth cliques." Journal of Youth Studies 16, no. 5 (August 2013): 628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.733813.
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Cusson, Maurice. "Deux modalités de la peine et leurs effets sur le criminel." Acta Criminologica 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 11–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017030ar.
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AbstractTWO TYPES OF PUNISHMENTAND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CRIMINALThe examination of the immediate, spontaneous social reaction of groups towards deviants makes it possible to distinguish two very different types of punishment : corrective and stigmatizing. Corrective punishment is a measure intended to change the behaviour of a delinquent and to maintain him within the group. Stigmatizing punishment consists of attaching a dishonourable label to the delinquent and rejecting him from the group to which he belongs. When a person who is receptive to the influence of his group undergoes corrective punishment, his most probable reaction will be to conform to the expectations of his group. But if he is subjected to stigmatizing punishment, there is a possibility that he will interiorize the criminal identity attributed to him. He will then enter into conflict with the group and with others, and will tend to become integrated into a criminal group and become a recidivist criminal.A study of recidivism, conducted on the basis of concepts of correction and stigmatization, makes it possible to formulate the following two propositions : 1) an individual who is easily influenced by his group will have a greater tendency to recidivate if, over a substantial period of time, the predominant reaction to his offenses is one of stigmatization. He will have less of a tendency to recidivate if the predominant reaction to his offenses is corrective ; 2) penal measures influence recidivism, not directly, but through the agency of the immediate social reaction. The penal measures start a process of stigmatization from the outset, which has an effect on the probability of recidivism.The concepts of correction and stigmatization are also useful in the study of the evolution of penal measures. They make two other propositions possible : 3) the more complex societies become, the less the State tends to resort to stigmatizing punishment and the more it resorts to corrective punishment ; 4) imprisonment is a punishment which was developed during a period of transition during which stigmatizing punishment was losing out in favour of corrective punishment. It is a mixed measure which attempts to reach a compromise between stigmatization and correction. Because it contains elements that are incompatible, the prison will eventually fall into disuse.At the level of action, the distinction between corrective punishment makes it possible to resolve seemingly insurmountable difficulties within the framework of the present ideology of treatment. It leads to the recognition of this basic fact, that all social reaction to an act that is disapproved of is a punishment, and care must be taken to safeguard the rights of thedelinquent, even when we claim to be treating him. Furthermore, this concept leads to the admission that all punishment is liable to contain elements of stigmatization. Only measures that are strictly necessary should therefore be applied to the delinquent, for fear of releasing, in an excess of zeal, a process of stigmatization that will only accentuate the delinquent's anti-social tendencies.
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Prokofieva, Olesia, Olga Prokofieva, and Bogdan Smirnov. "THE FEATURES OF COPING STRATEGIES IN ADOLESCENCE." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.1.7.
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The article considers the features of coping strategies in adolescence. The article aim is to study and analyze adolescents’ coping strategies and the coping features characteristic for delinquent adolescents. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: to analyze the peculiarities of coping behavior in adolescence and to determine its connection with behavioral disorders, to identify life situations especially difficult for adolescents, to identify leading coping strategies in adolescents and to conduct comparative analysis of coping strategies used by delinquent adolescents and adolescents with normative behavior. The authors analyzed maladaptive coping strategies: confrontation strategy, escape-avoidance strategy, distancing strategy; as well as adaptive coping strategies: positive reassessment, self-control and responsibility, social support and planning. Overcoming difficult life situations requires mobilization of personal resources, which is manifested in coping strategies. Their features largely depend on personal characteristics, life experience and situational factors that determine the individual uniqueness of mastering strategies. Among the variety of coping strategies, there are emotional, cognitive and behavioral coping. The coping strategies that focus on problem solving, seeking social support and avoidance are basic. The authors conducted the study with two groups of adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior and found that adolescents with normative behavior, unlike delinquents, were not prone to aggressive efforts and risks in solving difficult situations. At the same time, delinquent adolescents were characterized by maladaptive coping strategies. Copings are aimed at adapting a person to the requirements of a situation, mitigating its requirements, avoiding or getting used to them. In general, it reduces the impact of a difficult situation, ensures and maintains an individual’s physical and mental health, well-being, and satisfaction with social relations. The obtained results indicate that adolescents with normative behavior in difficult life situations are more active in making arbitrary, problem-focused efforts to change the situation; they make more efforts to analyze ways to solve the problem than delinquent adolescents. Adolescents with normative behavior are prone to: planning, positive reassessment, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and also have a low level of stress in copings. Delinquents clearly have a tendency to the maladaptive “avoiding problem” strategy. They are prone to confrontation, avoidance, detonation. Delinquent adolescents experience more difficult situations. The coping system of adolescents with delinquent behavior is more intense, which indicates that they experience higher levels of stress. In adolescence, coping behavior is actively formed and is a prerequisite for psychological well-being. It aims to improve adolescents’ adaptation and is manifested through a set of coping strategies. The studied causes of delinquent behavior show that they are closely related to coping strategies. When delinquency is development, maladaptive behavioral patterns are formed that prevent adequate coping with stressful situations. This is confirmed by the data obtained during the study. A comparison of coping strategies of the studied groups shows a qualitative difference in the structure of coping in difficult life situations for adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior. The data obtained will expand the understanding of the causes underlying adolescents’ destructive behavior. The authors’ study is of practical importance, its results can be used by psychologists and social educators to identify ways to optimize mental development of all adolescents and adolescents with delinquent behavior, in particular through the purposeful formation of more effective coping strategies.
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李逢堅, 李逢堅. "不進而廢:高關懷國中生學校學習問題之研究." 中華輔導與諮商學報 63, no. 63 (January 2022): 035–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/172851862022010063002.
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<p>高關懷學生有較高的學業適應問題，容易促發偏差行為甚至中輟。為了瞭解他們的學習困境，本研究從 第三空間理論探究他們自學校學習的認同特徵及形成，同時檢視不利於他們學習的學校制度特徵。研究 對象為十位有偏差行為的高關懷學生，選自北部一所升學型國中的三個多元班。研究方法採個別深度訪 談及非參與觀察法。訪談對象為學生、三位多元班主責教師與輔導組長。觀察的三個班別為農耕班、熱 舞班及導航班。以詮釋現象學取向進行資料分析。研究結果發現，他們的認同特徵是不讀書。認同形成 肇因於不懂所學，他們學習壓力相當大，混和許多負向情緒，於是成為課堂局外人，展現課堂偏差、翹 課甚至中輟。他們因應學習壓力的方式，混和逃避、放棄、抗拒、自然反應與偏差行為，不僅無助於改 善困境，反而在學校制度課程屬性、統一規範的課程進度、大班教學與考試範圍下，形成棄學的迴圈。 在課堂規範下，他們受管教而破壞師生關係，連帶討厭課堂。即使師生關係佳，仍不等於支持學習。也 因放棄學習而缺乏支持學習的同儕。當他們從學習轉向玩樂，提高回歸學習的難度，若交往涉及幫派的 同儕，不僅偏差行為加劇，更可能回頭抗拒家庭的管教。</p> <p> </p><p>At-risk students have more problems of learning in schools that might lead to delinquent behaviors and drop-out. It is important to find out their difficulties in learning in schools and let at-risk students receive suitable schooling. The research purposes are to investigate the identity and their formation based on the third space theory. This approach could reflect the school systems which would obstruct learning of at-risk students from their coping attitudes. Ten at-risk students who had delinquent behaviors were chosen from three Multiple Classes in a junior high school in Taipei. The school has better high school entrance performance. Multiple Classes teaching various activities but academy are designed for delinquent students who are not able to stay in regular classroom to learn. Classes include gardening, dance and navigation related activites. Research methods are individual in-depth interview and non-participatory observation. Interviewees were students, one teacher from each of the three Multiple Classes and Section Chief of Counseling in school. Observation was conducted in each of three Multiple Classes using video recording and field diary. Data were analyzed by hermeneutic phenomenology approach. Interviews with student were the primary data, and interviews with teachers and class observation served as triangulation. After all cases were analyzed individually, cross cases analysis followed.</p> <p>The results find the identity of at-risk students is to quit learning, and four students identified themselves as to playaround. Regarding identity formation, they bear huge pressure from learning with lots of negative emotions which results from not understanding what they are taught. These emotions led to their delinquency behaviors and marginalization in class, cut classes or even flunk out. Avoiding, giving up, resisting and spontaneous reaction were used by these students to cope with pressure in school. These attitudes relating to misbehaviors can not relieve their difficulties, but form a feedback loop that impeded student learning in the school systems. These school systems are academic curriculum, one-size-fits-all curriculum schedule and tests, and whole class instruction. The loop keeps them from learning, getting harder to follow up classes and even staying away from schools. Class delinquency of students often led to disciplinary actions which worsened teacher-student relationship and their attitude toward the teachers’ classes. Even the relationship is fair, it does not mean to support their learning. Additionally, at-risk students lack of classmates to support their learning after quit learning because common activities of classmates are about learning. If they escape from learning to play around, they spend more time on play and created a vicious circle of low school. Their parents are commonly unfamiliar with their friends frequently hanging on. If they have friends to do with gangsters, they would act more delinquent behaviors and even rebel against their family rules.</p> <p>The contributions of this research are in two perspectives. From research approach perspective, this research adopts third space theory to explore at-risk students learning problems in school. It not only reveals huge pressure experiences by at-risk students in learning but also the school systems that are disadvantageous to their learning. The at-risk student is the title labelled from the authority of school system taking them as different. From practical perspective, the results depict extremely embarrassed situations of at-risk students in learning. Education policy makers and school administrators should adjust the systems to be more flexible and fit better students’ learning conditions. Teachers and consultants should be more sensitive to identifying their explicit delinquent behaviors and interpret such behaviors not as violating rules intentionally but as a warning of their learning difficulties and assist them to overcome.</p> <p> </p>
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Lee, Jaeyoon, and Jisu Park. "Typologies of Adolescent Delinquent Behaviors and Prediction of Latent Delinquent Groups Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Korean Journal of Child Studies 43, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2022.43.4.499.
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Objectives: With the advances in digital technologies, adolescents are more likely to engage in multiple types of delinquent behaviors; however, few studies have considered various types of delinquencies with a multidimensional approach. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the latent groups based on various delinquencies and examine latent groups’ predictors using machine learning and multidimensional approaches.Methods: Using nationally representative data (N = 8,210; male 52.17%), a latent class analysis was conducted to identify latent groups based on 10 delinquent behaviors self-reported by adolescents. A random forest analysis was then employed to predict latent groups using 53 predictors including demographic (6 items), personal (44 items), and environmental levels (3 items). The Mplus program was used for latent class analysis, and the R version 4.0.5 program was used for random forest analysis.Results: Three latent groups were identified and categorized as “high online delinquency” (3.2%), “drink/media delinquency” (26.8%), and “low delinquency” (70.0%). Random forest analysis found adolescents’ perception of harmful substances was the most important variable predicting the delinquent groups. Partial dependence plots showed the higher the interest in harmful substances, the lower the ability to respond to the harmful substances; the higher the access to harmful environment, the lower the grade; and the lower the autonomy control ability, the more likely the classification as a high delinquency group.Conclusion: This study classified three latent groups while considering the detailed types of delinquencies. The study found the prominent predictors using machine learning and multidimensional approaches to suggest useful delinquency prevention programs.
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Putri, Tasya Ayuwardani, and Diah Rahayu. "Psikoedukasi Tentang Perilaku Delikuen Sebagai Upaya Menurunkan Tingkat Kenakalan Remaja." PLAKAT : Jurnal Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/plakat.v4i2.8974.
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Remaja merupakan masa seorang anak berada pada fase pencarian jati dirinya yang ingin mengenal siapa dirinya. Pada fase ini biasanya seorang anak mengalami masa pubertas yang memunculkan berbagai gejolak emosi dan menimbulkan masalah baik dalam keluarga maupun lingkungan sosialnya. Salah satu permasalahan remaja pada fase tersebut adalah kecenderungan untuk berperilaku nakal (delinguen) yang meliputi semua perilaku menyimpang dari norma-norma hukum pindana. Maka dibutuhkan pemahaman melalui sosialisasi psikoedukasi di SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa Kalimantan Timur dengan 40 siswa yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman remaja terhadap bahaya kenakalan dan dampaknya pada diri sendiri dengan metode ceramah. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan terdapat peningkatan sebesar 6.70 pada softskill siswa dalam kegiatan sosialisasi psikoedukasi di SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa Kalimantan Timur. Adolescence is a time when a child is in the phase of searching for his identity who wants to know who he is. In this phase, a child usually goes through puberty which causes various emotional upheavals and causes problems both in the family and in the social environment. One of the problems of adolescents in this phase is the tendency to misbehave (delinquent) which includes all behaviors that deviate from the norms of criminal law. Therefore, understanding is needed through psychoeducational socialization at SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa East Kalimantan with 40 students which aims to increase adolescents' understanding of the dangers of delinquency and its impact on themselves with the lecture method. Based on the results obtained, there was an increase of as much as 6.70 in the soft skills of students in psychoeducational socialization activities at SMP Nasional 3 Bahasa East Kalimantan.
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Galyashina, E. I., and V. D. Nikishin. "Destructive Speech Behavior in the Digital Environment: Factors that Determine the Negative Impact on the User’s Worldview." Lex Russica, no. 6 (July 5, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.175.6.079-094.
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Today, in the context of universal digitalization and informatization of the society, the Internet environment is becoming a criminogenic communication environment, favorable for the commission of "speech crimes", i.e. speech actions that form the objective element of the corpus delicti. The paper is devoted to the criminological analysis of the factors that determine the negative impact of information threats on users of the digital communication environment (primarily, the Internet environment). Based on monitoring social communication in the Internet and analyzing the patterns of language functioning in conditions of the Internet communication, the authors summarize the main properties of the Internet communication and factors that provide the possibility of abuse of rights (freedom of speech and the right to freely search, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information) in order to have a destructive impact on the ideological safety of Internet users (primarily children and young people). Such factors include simulation, virality, hyperreality, the phenomenon of social disinhibition, etc. Particular attention is paid to the concept of destructiveness of information impact, considered on the basis of an analysis of the phenomena of human destructiveness, aggression and cyber aggression, deviance and delinquency. The authors propose to treat content risks and communication risks as forms of representation of destructive speech behavior in the digital environment as information threats to the ideological security of the Internet communication. The paper provides the authors’ classification of the information risks under consideration based on a generalization of judicial and forensic practice (including cases when materials were included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials by court decisions), the practice of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications (Roskomnadzor), as well as interdisciplinary analysis of scientific publications. The authors suggest that the terms "mortilatrya" and "eridophobia" be introduced in the context of ensuring the worldview security. The authors of the paper analyze the influence on the axiosphere of the Internet user of delinquent subcultures that erode a person’s identity in order to impose a new pseudo-correct- identity.
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Khoshnami, Mohammad SabzI, Fahime Sheybani, Elham Mohammadi, Maliheh Arshi, Leila Ostadhashemi, and Maliheh Khalvati. "From Leaving Home to Losing Identity: A Qualitative Study on Rough Sleeping in Drug Addicts in Iran." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3071.2.
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Objectives: The phenomenon of rough sleeping in big cities of Iran, particularly in Tehran is a serious social problem. The term rough sleeping is mostly used for those who sleep on the public spaces including pavements, parks or under bridges. It is assumed that rough sleeping and drug addiction are linked to each other. This study aims to evaluate the process of rough sleeping based on the experiences of homeless drug addicted in Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative research. Participants were 20 homeless addicts (9 males and 11 females, mean age= 36.2 years) in Tehran city who were recruited using a purposive sampling method, and sampling continued until data saturation. The data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview and observations. Data analysis was performed based on the grounded theory recommended by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results: The rough sleeping process had two steps: (a) Leaving home voluntarily (to protect family or escape from family problems) or involuntarily (Due to being expelled from home and losing the roof over the head), and (b) Being homelessness which had four main categories: Elusive life, informal and contravened subsistence, involving in exploitative relationships, and loss of individual/social identity. Conclusion: When leaving home and becoming rough sleeper, the individual becomes elusive, delinquent, damaged and socially rejected homeless, in addition to the risk of becoming a drug addict. Therefore, this group can be considered as a severely injured group involved in various social, legal and psychological issues. Given the complexity of the homelessness aspects in drug addicts, there is a need for coordinated interventions between individuals, families and the support systems at all levels.
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Kim, Kyung Soo, and Hyun Wo Nam. "A Case Study on counseling for protection of Juvenile Delinquent - based on the human agency and good identity in a process of adolescent desistance -." Korean Association of Criminal Psychology 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25277/kcpr.2021.17.3.7.
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Craig, Wendy, Lyndall Schumann, Kelly Petrunka, Shahriar Khan, and Ray Peters. "GOVERNMENT COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DELINQUENT TRAJECTORIES." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 2.1 (May 12, 2011): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs22.120117708.
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The objectives of this project were to: (a) identify early trajectories of delinquency for both boys and girls at ages 8 (Grade 3), 11 (Grade 6), and 14 (Grade 9) in a longitudinal sample of 842 at-risk youth from a multi-informant perspective (i.e., parents, teachers, self-reported youth ratings), and (b) estimate the costs associated with each delinquency trajectory on utilization of resources in the criminal justice system, remedial education, health care and social services, and social assistance. The results indicated six distinct trajectories of delinquency: two low groups, two desisting groups, an escalator group, and a high delinquency group. There were significantly more females than males in the two<em> low delinquency</em> trajectory groups, <em>p </em>< .05 for both analyses. Furthermore, both the youth from the two <em>desisters</em> trajectory groups (13% of the sample) and from the two most at-risk trajectories (<em>escalators</em> and <em>high delinquency</em>, 5% of the sample) each accounted for approximately 40% of the estimated costs to government. It is interesting to note that 80% of the estimated <em>Criminal Justice</em> costs were due to the <em>high delinquency</em> and <em>escalators</em> trajectory groups. Antisocial or delinquent girls cost society more money than antisocial or delinquent boys in all domains, with the exception of the <em>Social Assistance</em> domain<strong>. </strong>Implications for crime prevention are discussed.
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Padzil, Ruhaiza Binti, Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff, and Muhamad Dzahir Kasa. "Correlation of Islamic Spirituality in Reducing Student’s Delinquency Problems." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v8i1.519.
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This study aimed to identify the relationship between Islamic spirituality and the level of delinquent behavior. Islamic spirituality among students is studied in terms of belief and faith, extrinsic and intrinsic aspects. This study used the survey method. The sample of this study was selected using random sampling. Data was collected from a pilot sample of 120 Malay students studying in ordinary secondary schools in Johor using questionnaires. The research questionnaire used Islamic Spiritual Disposition Questionaire (ISDQ) developed by Mohd Zailani (2009) and Delinquency Behaviour Disposition questionnaires developed by Carl Jung’s (1997). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. The analysis of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of Islamic spirituality and the level of delinquent behavior among students. The findings of the study showed that the domains involved in Islamic spirituality may reduce the tendency of delinquent behavior among students.
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Kurniawan, Fuat Edi, and Defbry Margiansyah. "AKTIVISME GERAKAN KEAGAMAAN DALAM KONTEKS KEBUDAYAAN : Antara Penegakan Syariat dan Anomali." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 14, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v14i1.1605.
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This academic work discusses about an activism of the religious movement recently emerging as a response against Liberal Islam in Indonesia. The rise of such movement is interesting to be studied so as to gain deeper understanding on the relationship between expression of religious piety and culture in the context of Indonesia. This article focuses on the case of enforced closure on transgender Islamic school (Pesantren Waria) and rejection of Easter celebration conducted by Religious forum in Yogyakarta. The incompatibility of cultural products and dominant religious (Islamic) values is the major reason underlying the movement’s action, which tends to exert renunciation radically. Furthermore, such act of rejection in some cases resulted deprivation of freedom and rights of individuals in assembling and holding a religious belief based on their faith, even inflicted a violation to certain group of people. The religious movement activism makes the dilemma, on the one side a form of enforcement of the Shari'ah, but on the other side creates anomalies that depriving expression rights.The analysis of the article’s identified problems are explained into three forms of conclusion; First, the phenomenon of religious movement activism is understood as deviant subculture through which they set a standard of conduct derived from their own conception of truth. There is reaction-formation pattern found, where this subculture constitutes values and norms from the key culture. They reject other values and considering their delinquent norms are the correct ones, which subsequently enact those as the standard of behavior. Second, there is construction of collective religious identity integrated with ethnic identity. Third, such religious identity construct is increasingly established as moral legitimacy in existing social order. As consequence, the movement perceives that the society no longer needs a set of values derived from external circumstances such as egalitarianism, humanity, gender justice, and others.
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Tremblay, Richard E., Louise C. Mâsse, Frank Vitaro, and Patricia L. Dobkin. "The impact of friends' deviant behavior on early onset of delinquency: Longitudinal data from 6 to 13 years of age." Development and Psychopathology 7, no. 4 (1995): 649–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006763.
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AbstractSociological theories suggest that association with deviant friends is a necessary step on the path to early onset of delinquent behavior, while personality theories imply that deviant behavior will be stable from childhood to adulthood. These two rival hypotheses were tested with boys (N = 758) recruited from 53 schools in low socioeconomic areas of Montreal. Disruptive behavior in kindergarten was assessed by teachers; aggression and likability at ages 10, 11, and 12 years were rated by classroom peers; delinquent behaviors at ages 11, 12, and 13 years were reported by subjects. Best friend dyads were created by having boys independently identify each other as one of four best friends. Three independent samples were created to replicate findings at different ages (10–11 years, 11–12 years, and 12–13 years). Results of LISREL analyses from the three samples indicated that the main path toward early onset of both overt and covert delinquency was from kindergarten disruptive behavior to aggression between ages 10 to 12 years, and to delinquency from ages 11 to 13 years. Best friends' behavioral characteristics were associated with the subjects' own behavioral characteristics between ages of 10 and 12 years, but did not explain the level of self-reported delinquency the following year, when the subjects' own behavioral characteristics had been taken into account. Because friends tend to share the same behavioral characteristics, they are more likely to foster continuity in behavior than change. We suggest that the influence of significant peers other than best friends be investigated and that a categorical approach be used to try to identify subgroups of boys who may be highly responsive to peers' influence.
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Smith, Danielle M., Jamilia J. Blake, Wen Luo, Verna M. Keith, and Tameka Gilreath. "Subtypes of Girls Who Engage in Serious Delinquency and Their Young Adult Outcomes." Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684320918243.
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Girls are increasingly becoming involved with the juvenile justice system; however, what brings girls to engage in delinquency or what obstacles these girls face later in life resulting from adolescent criminal behavior is understudied. In the present study, we used latent class analysis to identify subtypes of risks among adolescent girls ( N = 1,174) who have engaged in delinquent behaviors and mixture modeling to determine what distal psychological, social, educational, and economic outcomes in young adulthood are associated with each subtype. Four adolescent subtypes were identified, which were distinguished primarily based on the severity of their self-reported victimization experiences and mental health concerns. Classes with higher levels of victimization experiences tended to report more engagement with delinquent behavior in adolescence and had a larger proportion of Black and Hispanic girls than lower-victimization classes. Identified classes differed from each other on distal (i.e., young adulthood) measures of economic instability, educational attainment, drug use, depression, and adult arrests. Generally, latent classes which were characterized by higher rates of victimization and mental health concerns and lower educational performance in adolescence fared worse in young adulthood. Implications for those who care for girls who engage in delinquency, including suggestions for using trauma and culture informed screening, prevention, and intervention services, and directions for future research are discussed. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/0361684320918243 .
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Turjeman, Hagit, Gustavo Mesch, and Gideon Fishman. "Social Identity, Identity Formation, and Delinquency." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 49, no. 2-3 (April 2008): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715207088907.
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Zagar, Robert John, Kenneth G. Busch, William M. Grove, and John Russell Hughes. "Summary of Studies of Abused Infants and Children Later Homicidal, and Homicidal, Assaulting later Homicidal, and Sexual Homicidal Youth and Adults." Psychological Reports 104, no. 1 (February 2009): 17–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.17-45.
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To study the risks of abuse, violence, and homicide, 5 studies of groups at risk for violence are summarized. 192 Abused Infants, 181 Abused Children, 127 Homicidal Youth, 425 Assaulters, 223 Rapists, and 223 Molesters were randomly selected and tracked in court, probation, medical, and school records, then compared with carefully matched groups of Controls and (in older groups) Nonviolent Delinquents. In adolescence or adulthood, these groups were classified into Later Homicidal ( N = 234), Later Violent or Nonviolent Delinquent, and Later Nondelinquent subgroups for more detailed comparisons. Shao's bootstrapped logistic regressions were applied to identify risks for commission of homicide. Significant predictors for all homicidal cases in these samples were number of court contacts, poorer executive function, lower social maturity, alcohol abuse, and weapon possession. Predictors for the 373 Abused cases (Infants and Children) were court contacts, injury, burn, poisoning, fetal substance exposure, and parental alcohol abuse. Predictors for the 871 Violent Delinquent cases (Assaulters, Rapists, Molesters) were court contacts, poorer executive function, and lower social maturity. Accuracies of prediction from the regressions ranged from 81% for homicidal sex offenders to 87 to 99% for other homicidal groups.
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del Carmen Baerga-Santini, María. "History and the Contours of Meaning: The Abjection of Luisa Nevárez, First Woman Condemned to the Gallows in Puerto Rico, 1905." Hispanic American Historical Review 89, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 643–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-048.
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Abstract The article analyzes the case of Luisa Nevárez, the first woman condemned to the gallows in Puerto Rico at the beginning of the twentieth century. Convicted for the killing of her almost year-old daughter, she never admitted the crime nor showed any remorse. Yet, Luisa did not make an easy transition into the sphere of the criminal. The nascent identity that was being forged in early twentieth-century Puerto Rico configured the delinquent as a masculine subject who was acknowledged as possessing intellectual malice and the capacity for social action. Luisa’s condition as a woman, mother, and mulatta, her ignorance, and other factors deprived her of any possibility of entering the space of the criminal subject. Instead, the figure of Luisa oscillated between monster and madwoman in the discourses of the time. Around the mid-twentieth century her discursive figure emerges again, this time in the authorized voices of those concerned with criminal activities on the island. In this context, we find her embodying the prototype of the criminal woman: degenerate, ugly, black, and sexually insatiable. It is Luisa’s abject condition that places her on the threshold of history and on the borders of the intelligible. However, the impossibility of explaining her actions in a rational way constitutes a formidable challenge for the historian. In this respect, the article is also a reflection on the limits and possibilities of the representative faculties of the historical narrative.
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Charlebois, Pierre, Marc LeBlanc, Richard E. Tremblay, Claud Gagnon, and Serge Larivée. "Teacher, Mother, and Peer Support in the Elementary School as Protective Factors against Juvenile Delinquency." International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800101.
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This longitudinal research was designed to study protective factors in a group of boys at risk with extreme scores of aggressiveness-hyperactivity-distractibility in kindergarten. We attempted to identify schoolrelated protective factors in the elementary school against the occurrence of delinquent acts at age 12. Previous studies had shown that teacher's and mother's teaching style, pupils' involvement in the classroom activities, and popularity in the peer group were factors with good protective potential, but the concurrent contribution to protection of all four factors in the same study has never been verified. Fifty-three boys were observed at age 8-9 and at age 10-11 during regular classroom activities. In addition, observations were carried out, subject by subject, on three pupils from the same class for control purposes and on the class teacher. Each boy was also observed during problem-solving tasks in the laboratory with his mother. Peer assessments of the boys' popularity in the peer group were available at age 8-9 and age 10-11 for 48 of the boys. Self-reported delinquency at age 12 was used as the outcome variable. A unique contribution to the protection against juvenile delinquency was found only for the teachers' interaction style. Improvement in the protective ability was a function of the cumulative effect of two years of expos re to a well-balanced interaction style. Evaluation of the combined effect of multiple protective factors showed that boys with at least three protective factors engaged less in delinquent acts than those with one or less protective factor.
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Toma, Cristina Magdalena. "Identify the needs for continuous professional training of specialists working with juvenile delinquents in order to make the intervention more effective and increase the chances of social adaptation." Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (October 8, 2022): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7519.
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Youth deviance is one of the fundamental problems of any society. Over time, the problem of young people's adaptation to the group they belong to, the stages of socialization, internalization and compliance with the rules imposed by the majority, as well as the inability of some individuals to adapt to the demands of social life in common, have been food for thought and a framework for scientific debate. Despite the efforts of state institutions, police, prosecutors, courts, schools, juvenile delinquency cannot be stopped. But it can be reduced if a series of appropriate social and criminal measures are implemented. Minors and young people have developing personalities and working with these categories must be guided by the principle of "not adapted to the prison - adapted to the social". Thus, the activities carried out with juvenile delinquents must aim to maintaining a permanent connection with the external social environment, developing certain social skills, increasing their educational level and facilitating their socio-occupational integration. The intervention on juvenile delinquency must start from the intervention on the individual and continue with the intervention on the specialists who work with this category, going up to formulating recommendations on the conditions in which the educational approaches in prison can be optimally carried out. In the light of the new European legislation on the social reintegration of the formerly imprisoned, a new perspective is emerging. Each prisoner is "invited to contribute to their own positive change" (Gheorghe, 2016, p. 210). However, the determined role in the development of effective interventions lies with the penitentiary system, through the social actors involved, especially the specialists who carry out educational activities. The research aims at identifying the training needs of staff working with juvenile delinquents and those at social risk.
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Grier, Leslie K. "Identity Status and Identity Style Among African American Juvenile Delinquents." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 26, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v26n01_04.
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Winfree, L. Thomas, and Chuen-Jim Sheu. "Delinquency and Identity: Juvenile Delinquency in an American Chinatown." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 78, no. 2 (1987): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143466.
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Knyazev, Y. V. "Problem issues of group hooliganism pre-trial investigation." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.56.
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During the pre-trial investigation of qualified hooliganism, the investigator must find out all the circumstances of the committed crime, identify the persons involved and correctly classify their actions. In order to perform these tasks, it is necessary to skillfully put forward investigative versions, conduct a number of investigative (search) actions, in particular, interrogations, searches, inspections, appointing examinations, conducting covert investigative (search) actions, etc.
The purpose of the article is to critically review the problematic issues that arise during the pre-trial investigation of qualified hooliganism. The objectives of the study are to establish the distinguishing features between the witness and the accomplice of group hooliganism, to determine areas for improving the process of pre-trial investigation of the facts of qualified hooliganism.
The methodological basis of the study coversthe general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge (systemic, formal-logical, structural-functional, sociological, axiological). The involvement of these methods made it possible to conduct a theoretical and applied analysis of the facts of group hooliganism; to carry out content analysis of legislative acts, scientific publications and criminal proceedings, etc.
Peculiarities of video surveillance from video surveillance cameras, use of such video as a means of proof in criminal proceedings are considered. Attention is paid to definition of the factors influencing activity of the investigator during pre-trial investigation on the facts of hooliganism.
It is concluded that when delimiting the joint actions of participants in qualified hooliganism, the subjects of criminal procedure should take into account such active or passive actions as: incitement, provoking the beating of victims, not responding to cries of strangers to stop beating, ignoring actions to stop hooliganism, etc.
It is determined that the most characteristic during the investigation of criminal proceedings on the facts of group hooliganism is the conduct of forensic portrait examination, examination of cold steel and other instruments of crime. The necessity of conducting psychiatric, psychological and narcological examinations of suspects is substantiated, which in some cases makes it possible to establish the key circumstances of the mechanism of the crime and the features that characterize the identity of the delinquent.
It is stated that the investigation of group hooliganism is a complex, multifaceted activity to establish all the circumstances of a crime committed within the statutory period.
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Oyserman, Daphna. "Adolescent identity and delinquency in interpersonal context." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 23, no. 3 (1993): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00707150.
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Klimstra, Theo A., Elisabetta Crocetti, William W. Hale, Aline I. M. Kolman, Eveline Fortanier, and Wim H. J. Meeus. "Identity formation in juvenile delinquents and clinically referred youth." European Review of Applied Psychology 61, no. 3 (July 2011): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2011.05.002.
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Go, Charles G., and Thao N. Le. "Gender Differences in Cambodian Delinquency: The Role of Ethnic Identity, Parental Discipline, and Peer Delinquency." Crime & Delinquency 51, no. 2 (April 2005): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128704273466.
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Contrary to the model minority stereotype, Asian youth are increasingly becoming more involved in crime and delinquency. For instance, in the California Youth Authority, Southeast Asian adolescents are disproportionately represented, including Cambodian, Hmong, and Lao and Mien youth. However, few studies have focused on factors that are associated with Southeast Asian adolescent delinquency. Using a Cambodian adolescent sample, this study found significant gender similarities as well as differences. In both groups, peer delinquency was significantly associated with juvenile delinquency. However, for males, ethnic identity search was also a significant factor whereas for females, parental discipline was significant. These findings argue for the need to consider gender differences in conducting research and intervention programs for Cambodians and generally, for Southeast Asian adolescents. These results also suggest a need for more research, not only with respect to gender differences, but also on how they are similar to their Southeast Asian, Asian, and U.S. counterparts.
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GIORDANO, PEGGY C., TONI J. MILLHOLLIN, STEPHEN A. CERNKOVICH, M. D. PUGH, and JENNIFER L. RUDOLPH. "DELINQUENCY, IDENTITY, AND WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE*." Criminology 37, no. 1 (February 1999): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00478.x.
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Mahdavi Zargar, Sahand, Shahla Moazami, and Shadi Azimzadeh. "Prioritizing Factors Affecting Sexual Victimization of Children and Identifying Personality Characteristics of Sex Delinquents in Iran." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 936–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.52.
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The increased commission of sex crimes in Iran highlights the need for more efforts to design strategies towards prevention and reduction of such crimes. Accordingly, the present research aimed to identify the factors affecting the sexual victimization of children and adolescents as well as to identify the personality characteristics of sex delinquents in the criminal justice system of Iran. The research method is mixed design in terms of data nature (qualitative and quantitative) and practical in terms of purpose. The qualitative section has reviewed the previous literature and the quantitative section has benefited from the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This research has used the opinions of 13 experts in the field of crimes against children and adolescents, and 43 sex offenders. The research findings led to the identification of six factors (social, economic, psychological, legal, executive, media) that are effective on the prevention and postvention of sexually abused children and adolescents in Iran. The highest rank is related to the economic and social factors, and the lowest rank is related to the media factors. The results of this study showed that the identified parameters are approved by experts and have theoretical support that can be effective in reducing sexual delinquency.
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Adams, Gerald R., Brenda Munro, Gordon Munro, Maryanne Doherty-Poirer, and Joy Edwards. "Identity Processing Styles and Canadian Adolescents' Self-Reported Delinquency." Identity 5, no. 1 (January 2005): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532706xid0501_4.
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