Journal articles: 'Deliberative processes'

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Martínez-Bascuñán, Máriam. "Misgivings on Deliberative Democracy: Revisiting the Deliberative Framework." World Political Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wps-2016-0006.

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AbstractIn the last few years, the Deliberative Framework has become the main model in the consolidation of democratic processes. Deliberative theorists argue that deliberation helps to promote the democratic level of our societies, and they have good reasons to support this view. This article, however, is critical with some of these claims, questioning the widespread assumption of an existing connection between deliberation and democracy. With this objective in mind, we will examine the following three questions: Who deliberates? Under what conditions does deliberation take place? What is the content of deliberation? Once the potential repressive components of deliberation are made clear, we try to reach some normative considerations regarding how to promote certain mechanisms of deliberation that are in fact more in line with deliberative emancipation ideas and, as such, better assertions for promoting democracy.

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Fishkin, James S. "DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AND CONSTITUTIONS." Social Philosophy and Policy 28, no. 1 (November 30, 2010): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052510000129.

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AbstractThis paper examines the potential role of deliberative democracy in constitutional processes of higher law-making, either for the founding of constitutions or for constitutional change. It defines deliberative democracy as the combination of political equality and deliberation and situates this form of democracy in contrast to a range of alternatives. It then considers two contrasting processes—elite deliberation and plebiscitary mass democracy (embodied in referenda) as approaches to higher law-making that employ deliberation without political equality or political equality without deliberation. It finally turns to some institutional designs that might achieve both fundamental values at the same time, or in the process of realizing a sequence of choices.

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Doyle, Oran, and Rachael Walsh. "Deliberation in Constitutional Amendment: Reappraising Ireland’s Deliberative Mini-Publics." European Constitutional Law Review 16, no. 3 (September 2020): 440–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019620000243.

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Deliberative democracy innovations in constitutional amendment processes – Ireland’s experimentation with deliberative mini-publics on constitutional issues – Factors influencing the political take-up of recommendations – The significance of the support of the legislative majority –Deliberative mini-publics as an accountability mechanism.

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O'DOHERTY, KIERAN C., and HELEN J. DAVIDSON. "Subject Positioning and Deliberative Democracy: Understanding Social Processes Underlying Deliberation." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 40, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00429.x.

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Spagnolo, Antonio G. "Processi deliberativi e formazione alla bioetica / Deliberative processes and bioethics training." Medicina e Morale 65, no. 2 (September 21, 2016): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2016.429.

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Magalhães, Suzana de Cassia Serrão, and Danila Cal. "DELIBERAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO: APROXIMAÇÕES CONCEITUAIS PARA A CRIAÇÃO DE CAPACIDADES DELIBERATIVAS EM ESCOLAS." Aturá - Revista Pan-Amazônica de Comunicação 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2526-8031.2019v3n1p48.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como o processo comunicativo contribui para a realização de capacitações em deliberação em escolas públicas no Brasil. Aborda-se os conceitos de dupla afetação e reflexividade (MEAD, 2013), deliberação pública e agir comunicativo (HABERMAS, 1997, 2003), e pedagogia deliberativa (SHAFFER et al., 2017). Adiante, o estudo avança para desentranhar o processo comunicativo (BRAGA, 2011) dos conceitos, por meio de uma abordagem relacional da comunicação (FRANÇA, 2016). O trabalho traz contribuições teóricas para promover a prática e o treinamento em deliberação, em que os sujeitos implicados podem, por meio de processos argumentativos, estimular e provocar transformações políticas e sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: agir comunicativo; deliberação; educação; pedagogia deliberativa; processos comunicacionais. ABSTRACT The present paper aims to understand how the communicative process contributes to enable deliberative capacities in youngs in public schools in Brazil. The concepts of double affectation and reflexivity (MEAD, 2013), public deliberation and communicative action (Habermas, 1997, 2003) and deliberative pedagogy (SHAFFER et al., 2017) are discussed. Later, the study advances to describe the communicative process (BRAGA, 2011) in the concepts, through relational communication (FRANCE, 2016). The work brings theoretical contributions to promote practice and training in deliberation, in which the subjects involved can through stimulating processes and provoke political and social transformations. KEYWORDS: communicative action; deliberation; education; deliberative pedagogy; communicational process. RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo el proceso comunicativo contribuye a la realización de capacitaciones en deliberación en escuelas públicas en Brasil. Se abordan los conceptos de doble afectación y reflexividad (MEAD, 2013), deliberación pública y acción comunicativa (HABERMAS, 1997, 2003), y pedagogía deliberativa (SHAFFER et al., 2017). Adelante, el estudio avanza para desentrañar el proceso comunicativo (BRAGA, 2011) de los conceptos, através de un abordaje relacional de la comunicación (FRANCIA, 2016). El trabajo trae contribuciones teóricas para promover la práctica y el entrenamiento en deliberación, en que los sujetos implicados pueden por medio de procesos argumentativos estimular y provocar transformaciones políticas y sociales. PALABRAS CLAVE: acción comunicativa; deliberación; educación; pedagogia deliberativa; proceso comunicativo.

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Smith, Graham, and Corinne Wales. "Citizens' Juries and Deliberative Democracy." Political Studies 48, no. 1 (March 2000): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00250.

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In the face of widespread dissatisfaction with contemporary democratic practice, there has been a growing interest in theories of deliberative democracy. However theorists have often failed to sufficiently address the question of institutional design. This paper argues that recent experiments with citizens' juries should be of interest to deliberative democrats. The practice of citizens' juries is considered in light of three deliberative democratic criteria: inclusivity, deliberation and citizenship. It is argued that citizens' juries offer important insights into how democratic deliberation could be institutionalized in contemporary political decision-making processes.

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Bond, Kenneth, Rebecca Stiffell, and Daniel A. Ollendorf. "Principles for deliberative processes in health technology assessment." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, no. 4 (August 2020): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320000550.

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Deliberative processes are a well-established part of health technology assessment (HTA) programs in a number of high- and middle-income countries, and serve to combine complex sets of evidence, perspectives, and values to support open, transparent, and accountable decision making. Nevertheless, there is little documentation and research to inform the development of effective and efficient deliberative processes, and to evaluate their quality. This article summarizes the 2020 HTAi Global Policy Forum (GPF) discussion on deliberative processes in HTA.Through a combination of small and large group discussion and successive rounds of polling, the GPF members reached strong agreement on three core principles for deliberative processes in HTA: transparency, inclusivity, and impartiality. In addition, discussions revealed other important principles, such as respect, reviewability, consistency, and reasonableness, that may supplement the core set. A number of associated supporting actions for each of the principles are also described in order to make each principle realizable in a given HTA setting. The relative importance of the principles and actions are context-sensitive and must be considered in light of the political, legislative, and operational factors that may influence the functioning of any particular HTA environment within which the deliberative process is situated. The paper ends with suggested concrete next steps that HTA agencies, researchers, and stakeholders might take to move the field forward. The proposed principles and actions, and the next steps, provide a springboard for further research and better documentation of important aspects of deliberation that have historically been infrequently studied.

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Barisione, Mauro. "Framing a Deliberation. Deliberative Democracy and the Challenge of Framing Processes." Journal of Deliberative Democracy 8, no. 1 (April 16, 2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/jdd.124.

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McKay, Spencer, and Peter MacLeod. "Practitioner’s Note." Democratic Theory 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/dt.2018.050209.

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Deliberative forums, such as citizens’ assemblies or reference panels, are one institutionalization of deliberative democracy that has become increasingly commonplace in recent years. MASS LBP is a pioneer in designing and facilitating such long-form deliberative processes in Canada. This article provides an overview of the company’s civic lottery and reference panel process, notes several distinctive features of MASS LBP that are relevant to addressing challenges to democratic deliberation, and outlines possible areas for future research in deliberative democracy applied in both private and public settings.

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Sunam, Ramesh, and Govinda Paudel. "Democratising Nepal’s Forest Sector Policy Process: The Role of Resistance by Community Federation." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 10, no. 1 (September 13, 2013): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v10i1.8599.

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This paper argues that Nepal's existing forest policy process is characterised by nondeliberative and techno-bureaucratic processes despite apparent recognition of the democratic approaches. Analysing two of the government’s recent policy decisions that are related to community forestry and protected areas, we emphasise the complementary role of public contestation, critical research and the media in promoting deliberative policy processes. Taking reference to deliberative governance perspective, we analyse how multiple factors shape the level of resistance and deliberation around forest policy processes. The key factors that influence deliberation include the institutional history of key actors, the nature, number and interest of actors associated with the process, and the media coverage of a policy issue. Allianceled resistance, policy research and the media mobilisation have been emphasised here to contest inappropriate policy decisions and promote deliberative policy making culture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v10i1.8599 Journal of Forestry and Livelihood Vol.10(1) 2012 28-41

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Kong, Hoi. "The Deliberative City." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i2.4507.

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In this paper, I will argue that general administrative law concerns about thelegitimacy and effectiveness of rule-making have special force in the municipalzoning by-law context. In particular, I will argue that a particular, civicrepublican conception of legitimate state action offers the best justification formunicipal regulation and provides the best normative foundation fordevelopments in municipal consultation processes. In Part II, I will argue thatthe consultative processes in Quebec’s zoning laws reflect a commitment to civicrepublican ideals, but that because of specific features of municipal regulation,these ideals are incompletely realized. In Part III, I will argue that aparticular municipal institution – the ward council – enables the zoningprocess to better approximate civic republican ideals. I conclude this paper byarguing that ward councils not only strengthen the normative justifications formunicipal regulation, they contribute to its effectiveness.Dans cet article, je vais soutenir que les préoccupations du droit administratifgénéral au sujet de la légitimité et l’efficacité de l’élaboration de règles ont uneimportance particulière dans le contexte de la réglementation municipale sur lezonage. En particulier, je vais soutenir qu’une certaine conception civiquerépublicaine de l’action légitime de l’état offre la meilleure justification de laréglementation municipale et le meilleur fondement normatif pour lesdéveloppements des processus de consultation municipaux. Dans la partie II, jevais soutenir que les processus de consultation des lois sur le zonage du Québecreflètent un engagement envers les idéaux civiques républicains mais qu’à causede certains aspects précis de la réglementation municipale, ces idéaux ne sontpas complètement atteints. Dans la partie III, je vais soutenir qu’uneinstitution municipale particulière – le conseil de quartier – fait que leprocessus de zonage se rapproche mieux des idéaux civiques républicains. Jetermine l’article en soutenant que les conseils de quartier non seulementrenforcent les justifications normatives de la réglementation municipale, ilscontribuent à son efficacité.

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Rohlinger, Deana A. "American Media and Deliberative Democratic Processes." Sociological Theory 25, no. 2 (June 2007): 122–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00301.x.

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Ganuza, Ernesto, and Francisco Francés. "The deliberative turn in participation: the problem of inclusion and deliberative opportunities in participatory budgeting." European Political Science Review 4, no. 2 (November 14, 2011): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773911000270.

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Participation has undergone a communicative shift, which has favoured the organization of new participatory processes based on classic principles of deliberation theory. These experiments go beyond traditional protest: they include a communicative element with the aim of defining a public politics, which places them alongside models of deliberative governance. The present work sets out the characteristics of these new instruments (participatory budgeting, PB) in order to find out which problems deliberative governance initiatives are faced with. The conclusions tell us that the inequalities in participation are significant. Nevertheless, PB enables most participants to make effective use of their opportunities for deliberation. From this standpoint, the challenge for deliberative governance does not seem to be the deliberative capabilities of individuals, but rather the design of participatory procedures and the participation of individuals. We may question whether the administration can guarantee impartial political spaces that are as inclusive as possible.

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Holdo, Markus. "Meta-deliberation: everyday acts of critical reflection in deliberative systems." Politics 40, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263395719837914.

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The term ‘meta-deliberation’ refers to processes of addressing problems with the way that conversations about shared concerns – our ordinary deliberations – proceed. This article discusses the distinction between meta-deliberation and ordinary deliberation and examines three questions raised by previous arguments about meta-deliberation: (1) what kinds of communication should count as meta-deliberation, (2) does meta-deliberation always lead to reflective understanding and improvements in practices of deliberation, and (3) why would deliberative systems need meta-deliberation? Consistent with the systemic perspective on deliberation, this article suggests an inclusive view of which acts and sites may contribute to processes of meta-deliberation: it argues that meta-deliberation faces the same potential problems as ordinary deliberation, such as unequal power relations and narrow perspectives, and therefore requires careful examination; but when meta-deliberation works, it provides societies with reflective capacity, which helps them locate systemic weaknesses. The article concludes by discussing how further studies can help make meta-deliberation more inclusive in order to serve system-level critical reflection.

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Bohman, James. "Deliberative Democracy and the Epistemic Benefits of Diversity." Episteme 3, no. 3 (October 2006): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/epi.2006.3.3.175.

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ABSTRACTIt is often assumed that democracies can make good use of the epistemic benefits of diversity among their citizenry, but difficult to show why this is the case. In a deliberative democracy, epistemically relevant diversity has three aspects: the diversity of opinions, values, and perspectives. Deliberative democrats generally argue for an epistemic form of Rawls' difference principle: that good deliberative practice ought to maximize deliberative inputs, whatever they are, so as to benefit all deliberators, including the least effective. The proper maximandum of such a principle is not the pool of reasons, but rather the availability of perspectives. This sort of diversity makes robustness across different perspectives the proper epistemic aim of deliberative processes. Robustness also offers a measure of success for those democratic practices of inquiry based on the deliberation of all citizens.

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Tummers, Marcia, Rob Baltussen, Maarten Jansen, Leon Bijlmakers, Janneke Grutters, Anouck Kluytmans, Rob Reuzel, and Gert Jan van der Wilt. "OP83 Value Assessment Framework: Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700160x.

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INTRODUCTION:Priority setting in health care has been long recognized as an intrinsically complex and value-laden process. Yet, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies presently employ value assessment frameworks that are ill-fitted to capture the range and diversity of stakeholder values, and thereby risk to compromise the legitimacy of their recommendations. We propose ‘evidence-informed deliberative processes’ as an alternative framework with the aim to enhance this legitimacy.METHODS:The framework is based on an integration of two increasingly popular and complementary frameworks for priority setting: multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and accountability for reasonableness (A4R), Evidence-informed deliberative processes are, on the one hand, based on early, continued stakeholder deliberation to learn about the importance of relevant social values. On the other hand, they are based on rational decision-making – through evidence-informed evaluation of the identified values.RESULTS:The framework has important implications for how HTA agencies should ideally organize their processes. Firstly, HTA agencies should take the responsibility to organize stakeholder involvement. Second, agencies are advised to integrate their assessment and appraisal phase, allowing for the timely collection of evidence on values that are considered relevant. Third, HTA agencies should subject their specification of decision-making criteria to public scrutiny. Fourth, agencies are advised to use a checklist of potentially relevant criteria, and to provide argumentation how each criterion affected the recommendation. Fifth, HTA agencies must publish their argumentation and install options for appeal.CONCLUSIONS:Adopting ‘evidence-informed deliberative processes’ as a value assessment framework could be an important step forward for HTA agencies to optimize the legitimacy of their priority setting decisions. Agencies can incorporate elements according to their needs and affordances.

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Greene, Anthony J. "Implicit analogy: New direct evidence and a challenge to the theory of memory." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004573.

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AbstractThe authors propose that analogical reasoning may be achieved without conscious or explicit deliberation. The argument would be strengthened by more convincingly demonstrating instances of analogy that do not require explicit deliberation. Recent findings demonstrate that deliberative or explicit strategies are not necessary for flexible expression under novel circumstances (Greene et al. 2001) to include analogical transfer (Gross & Greene 2007). This issue is particularly critical because the existence of relational priming poses a serious challenge to the widely held notion that flexible expression of learned relations requires deliberative processes.

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Enaifoghe, Andrew Osehi. "Deliberative Politics through Citizensâ€™ Participatory Democracy: A model for Africa Political Processes." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 10, no. 1(S) (April 23, 2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v10i1(s).2807.

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This article explores the present crisis of democratic governance or administration in Africa and examines the elective capability of deliberative majority rules system of democracy, in which the desire of the general public is educated by mindful, engaged citizenâ€™s commitment and conversation. There are various questions needing answers; are the various and spellbound citizenry even equipped for consultation? How likely is amass thought of deliberation to achieve a very much contemplated choice? Wouldnâ€™t it gather consultation reproduce a similar power lopsided characteristics blocking different sorts of talk? Deliberative models are displayed in principle and practical discourse, with contextual investigations including the furious populism of the Brexit vote, the ascent of deliberative components. What the contributing creators do share is the acknowledgement that the authenticity of appointive portrayal or representatives endures when individuals in the majority rule system of governments end up frustrated, disillusioned, and repelled. This study gives challenging and convincing thoughts regarding how to re-establish confidence in popular democratic governments by making them stronger and responsive. This study adopted a qualitative method of analysis.

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Fumagalli, Corrado. "When Do They Speak? Deliberation and Democratic Decision-Making in the European Union." Political Studies 67, no. 4 (March 25, 2019): 1053–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719828276.

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In this article, I argue that the experimentalist model of democracy can contribute to contemporary disputes about deliberation at the supranational level. The fundamental idea is that, in conditions of disagreement, for a decision to be legitimate, deliberative decision-making processes must be structured so as to allow the inclusion of affected interests before and after voting. I argue that there are three ways for a decision to be illegitimate: exclusion of affected interests from all deliberative phases, Captain Hook politics and garbage-time politics. Captain Hook politics and garbage-time politics illuminate an important variable: in a deliberative process, some interests may enter deliberation too early, other interests too late. However, for a decision to be legitimate, it is not only important that all affected interests can have an influence on collectively binding decisions, but it is also important what moment in time such interests play a part in the deliberative process.

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Pomatto, Gianfranco, and Stefania Ravazzi. "Deliberazione e conflitto: evidenze da un'analisi comparata." PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no. 2 (July 2012): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2012-002004.

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The article aims at analyzing the impact of deliberation on the dynamics of the conflicts in the policy making processes. We shall argue whether and how deliberation succeeds in stopping the typical escalation of the conflicts, lowering protests, generating more open-minded institutional decisions, reducing stereotypes and developing a new constructive approach in decision making. The analysis is based on the comparison of three recent cases of deliberative processes dealing with conflictual issues: a deliberative process on the hypothesis to write a bill regulating the use and power of the living will; a public debate on a new highway stretch in the city of Genova; a citizens' jury on the building of a small plant to dispose of industrial waste in the small tuscan town of Castelfranco.

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Milewicz, Karolina M., and Robert E. Goodin. "Deliberative Capacity Building through International Organizations: The Case of the Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights." British Journal of Political Science 48, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000708.

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Theories of deliberation, developed largely in the context of domestic politics, are becoming increasingly relevant for international politics. The recently established Universal Periodic Review (UPR) operating under the auspices of the UN’s Human Rights Council is an excellent illustration. Our analysis of responses to its reports and recommendations suggests that the deliberative processes surrounding the UPR do indeed evoke co-operative responses even from countries with poor human rights records. Its highly inclusive, deliberative, repeated-play and peer-to-peer nature can serve as a model for how international organizations more generally can enhance deliberative capacity across the international system.

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Arunachalam, Murugesh, Jagdeep Singh-Ladhar, and Andrea McLachlan. "Advancing environmental sustainability via deliberative democracy." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 402–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-10-2014-0062.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the planning and policy processes in relation to the pollution in Lake Taupo. This paper describes and explains the manifestation of the tenets of deliberative democracy and the impediments of mobilising the tenets in the planning and policy-making processes. Design/methodology/approach This interpretive case study makes sense of interview transcripts, minutes of meetings, media reports and public documents and adopts deliberative democratic theory as the theoretical framework for the interpretive analysis. Findings Some factors fostered and others challenged the mobilization of the tenets of deliberative democracy. Local government processes facilitated the expression of multiple views in relation to the impacts of human activities on the Lake. Confrontations and tensions were inevitable elements of the deliberative processes. Pre-determined outcomes and domination of local authorities, aiming for environmental sustainability of Lake Taupo, posed as challenges to the operation of deliberative democracy. Some stakeholders need to sacrifice more than others, but recognition of pluralism, conflicts and differences is an essential part of deliberative democracy. Originality/value There is scarcity of research that empirically examines local government processes in light of deliberative democratic principles. The study also extends environmental and social studies that have explored the arena approach to accountability and decision-making.

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Shin, Bokyong, and Mikko Rask. "Assessment of Online Deliberative Quality: New Indicators Using Network Analysis and Time-Series Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031187.

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Online deliberation research has recently developed automated indicators to assess the deliberative quality of much user-generated online data. While most previous studies have developed indicators based on content analysis and network analysis, time-series data and associated methods have been studied less thoroughly. This article contributes to the literature by proposing indicators based on a combination of network analysis and time-series analysis, arguing that it will help monitor how online deliberation evolves. Based on Habermasian deliberative criteria, we develop six throughput indicators and demonstrate their applications in the OmaStadi participatory budgeting project in Helsinki, Finland. The study results show that these indicators consist of intuitive figures and visualizations that will facilitate collective intelligence on ongoing processes and ways to solve problems promptly.

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Dore, John. "An agenda for deliberative water governance arenas in the Mekong." Water Policy 16, S2 (November 1, 2014): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.204.

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Closely related to justice, this article explores how water governance can be fairer and more effective in the Mekong Region where choices are being made about using and sharing waters that might produce more energy; increase or decrease food production; sustain or threaten livelihoods; and maintain or degrade vital ecosystems and their services, upon which societies depend. Debate and discussion aimed at producing reasonable, well-informed opinion have been in short supply. However, deliberative processes, where inserted into political arenas, are making water governance fairer and more effective, by reducing power imbalances among stakeholders and assisting negotiations to be more transparent and informed. This article presents an agenda for a new frontier in the field of deliberative governance: constructive engagement in water governance arenas through the promotion of inclusive, deliberative processes that emphasise different perspectives, critical analysis, learning and institution-building whilst respecting rights, accounting for risks, acknowledging responsibilities and fairly distributing rewards. This agenda is inspired by promising examples, from the Mekong Region and elsewhere, which demonstrate the need for deliberation that is information-rich, flexibly facilitated and actively promotes analysis of different views. The deliberative water governance agenda should be attractive to proponents of fairness, effectiveness and social justice in water governance arenas and their consequent decisions and impacts.

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Breen, Michael G., and Baogang He. "Moderating polarised positions on questions of national identity and sovereignty: Deliberative surveys on federalism in Myanmar." International Area Studies Review 23, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865919871703.

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Myanmar is in an important phase of its political transition. The opportunity for substantive federal reform, which is central to peacebuilding and democratisation, is present and being progressed through parallel elite level forums. However, these elite negotiations have serious limitations, as they fail to reach out to citizens, and contribute to polarisation and the perpetuation of extreme views regarding federalism. To address the absence of public deliberation on federalism in Myanmar, we organised five deliberative events based on the Deliberative Polling® methodology. This paper discusses some of the key findings and demonstrates how they can contribute to federal constitutional reform in Myanmar. It shows that when debating fundamental issues relating to identity and national sovereignty, public deliberation has moderation effects even in conflict-ridden deeply divided societies. Indeed, questions that related to the institutions associated with identity and religion had the highest quality of deliberation, opinion change and moderation. These more moderate and considered deliberated perspectives are of great value for dealing with the polarisation issue that Myanmar faces and demonstrate the potential of deliberative democracy tools to supplement and moderate electoral democracy and elite-driven constitutional change processes.

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Wojcieszak, M. E., Y. M. Baek, and M. X. D. Carpini. "Deliberative and Participatory Democracy? Ideological Strength and the Processes Leading from Deliberation to Political Engagement." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 22, no. 2 (May 5, 2010): 154–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edp050.

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Elliott, KC. "A case for deliberation in response to hormesis research." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 7 (July 2008): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327108096535.

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Research on the phenomenon of hormesis (i.e., low-dose stimulatory effects caused by normally inhibitory or toxic substances) has recently provoked a good deal of debate. Formal mechanisms for deliberation and public participation are increasingly popular strategies for responding to controversial decisions in environmental policy, but they have been used only to a limited extent in response to scientific research itself. This commentary introduces natural scientists to some of the social scientific literature on these issues and argues for the importance of “diagnosing” whether controversial areas of policy relevant research would benefit from some form of deliberation. It provides a tentative diagnosis in the case of hormesis research, recommending a varied deliberative approach. There are many reasons to pursue broadly based deliberation in response to hormesis, including the potential to promote more productive research projects, alleviate public distrust, and prevent bias. Deliberative proceedings in this case should address judgments associated with at least four activities: (1) choosing projects and designing studies, (2) developing terminology, (3) interpreting and evaluating studies, and (4) applying research results to public policy. Although an advisory group composed primarily of experts might provide an adequate starting point, more intensive deliberative processes would be valuable before developing major changes to regulatory policy.

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Banjade, Mani Ram, and Hemant Ojha. "Facilitating deliberative governance: Innovations from Nepal's community forestry program – a case study in Karmapunya." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81403-3.

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This paper discusses the use of a deliberative approach to governance of environmental resources at the local-level. Used in conjunction with external facilitation, a deliberative approach to governance at the local-level can be used to build dialogue between diverse perspectives, interests, knowledge, and ideas of different stakeholders. A case study of a community forest user group (CFUG) in the central hills of Nepal is used to analyse the application of deliberative processes for promoting deliberative governance. The findings indicate that there is great potential for deliberative processes to make local governance of community forests more democratic and inclusive. Effective governance at the local-level can contribute to the creation of social equity and to the sustainable management of community forests. Key words: Nepal, deliberative democracy, community forestry, Participatory Action Research, external facilitation

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Peters, Ellen, and Alan Castel. "Numerical representation, math skills, memory, and decision-making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990847.

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AbstractThe consideration of deliberate versus automatic processing of numeric representations is important to math education, memory for numbers, and decision-making. In this commentary, we address the possible roles for numeric representations in such higher-level cognitive processes. Current evidence is consistent with important roles for both automatic and deliberative processing of the representations.

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Lindell, Marina, and Peter Ehrström. "Deliberative Walks: citizen participation in local-level planning processes." European Political Science 19, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 478–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41304-020-00243-4.

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Bendix, William. "Bypassing Congressional Committees: Parties, Panel Rosters, and Deliberative Processes." Legislative Studies Quarterly 41, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 687–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12125.

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Benn, Suzanne. "New processes of governance: cases for deliberative decision‐making?" Managerial Law 49, no. 5/6 (September 18, 2007): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090550710841322.

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Marteache, Nerea. "Deliberative processes and attitudes toward sex offenders in Spain." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 2 (March 2012): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370811424400.

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Lavis, John. "Moving Forward on Both Systematic Reviews and Deliberative Processes." Healthcare Policy | Politiques de Santé 1, no. 2 (January 15, 2006): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2006.17877.

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Newman, Anne. "All together now?" Theory and Research in Education 7, no. 1 (March 2009): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878508099750.

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Deliberative theory has served two purposes in recent studies of education policy-making at the community level in the US: as a lens through which to examine existing practices, and as an ideal toward which to strive.These studies, though, overlook a prior and important theoretical question: should deliberative theory be applied to education policy-making? In this article, I explore this question from an egalitarian perspective. I criticize the prevailing assumption that deliberative decision-making is an egalitarian way to make education policy, by underscoring how it fails in this instance on its own terms. I argue that deliberating about education policy is especially problematic compared to deliberations about other social goods, owing to the unique relationship between education and political equality in public fora. I also highlight two features of American education — de facto segregation, and the availability of exit options — that further challenge the appropriateness of using deliberative processes for education policy-making. Given the current state of educational politics, I conclude by pointing to the benefits of school finance litigation and its rights-based approach, which establishes educational entitlements that apply across communities.

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Schmidt, Brandy, Anneke A. Duin, and A. David Redish. "Disrupting the medial prefrontal cortex alters hippocampal sequences during deliberative decision making." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 1981–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00793.2018.

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Current theories of deliberative decision making suggest that deliberative decisions arise from imagined simulations that require interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In rodent navigation experiments, hippocampal theta sequences advance from the location of the rat ahead to the subsequent goal. To examine the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on the hippocampus, we disrupted the mPFC with DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs). Using the Restaurant Row foraging task, we found that mPFC disruption resulted in decreased vicarious trial and error behavior, reduced the number of theta sequences, and impaired theta sequences in hippocampus. mPFC disruption led to larger changes in the initiation of the hippocampal theta sequences that represent the current location of the rat rather than to the later portions that represent the future outcomes. These data suggest that the mPFC likely provides an important component to the initiation of deliberative sequences and provides support for an episodic-future thinking, working memory interpretation of deliberation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus interact during deliberative decision making. Disruption of the mPFC impaired hippocampal processes, including the local and nonlocal representations of space along each theta cycle and the initiation of hippocampal theta sequences, while sparing place cell firing characteristics and phase precession. mPFC disruption reduced the deliberative behavioral process vicarious trial and error and improved economic behaviors on this task.

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Elias, Maria Veronica, and Justin T. Piccorelli. "The listening hermeneutic of public servants: building on the implicit." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 23, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-10-2019-0115.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of phenomenological or attuned listening and explore its implications for deliberative governance. Drawing on examples from urban planning and city administration, we make a case for listening as a hermeneutic phenomenological practice of crucial importance for public organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis research relies on interpretive phenomenology, critical reflection, and political theory. Through the examination of case studies, we show that attuned or phenomenological listening contributes to greater participatory processes in organizations and to democratic governance processes, more generally.FindingsBy enhancing both collaborative endeavors and discretionary action, phenomenological listening acknowledges the unpredictable, dynamic and political aspects of organizations. Finally, it helps transform the latter into spaces where democratic and accountable action can take place.Practical implicationsThis perspective encourages public deliberation and attentive listening for practitioners to make decisions on the spot that are sensitive to people’s needs.Originality/valueEmbodied and attuned listening fosters reflection-in-action, as well as a reasoned pathway toward public accountability and deliberative democracy.

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Park, Tae In, Pan Suk Kim, and David H. Rosenbloom. "The Burgeoning but Still Experimental Practice of Deliberative Governance in South Korean Local Policy Making: The Cases of Seoul and Gwangju." Administration & Society 49, no. 6 (September 26, 2016): 907–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716669782.

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Research on deliberative governance does not include many case studies on South Korea. We analyze deliberative governance in the Seoul and Gwangju Metropolitan Governments, drawing comparisons and lessons for operating effective deliberative governance to promote consensus building, citizen empowerment, and legitimation of policy choices through collective decision making. The two cases incorporate the characteristics of deliberative governance to a limited degree and in an experimental stage. Based on a comparison of the two cases, we discuss the application and limitations of deliberative processes along with suggestions for potentially improving the practice of deliberative governance in the South Korean context.

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Afsahi, Afsoun. "Disabled Lives in Deliberative Systems." Political Theory 48, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 751–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591720913093.

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This essay argues that the systemic turn in deliberative democracy has opened up avenues to think about disabled citizenship within discursive processes. I highlight the systemic turn’s recognition of the interdependence of individuals and institutions upon each other in a system as key to this project. This recognition has led to three transformations: (1) a more generous account of deliberative speech acts and behaviors; (2) recognition of the role of enclaves; and (3) incorporating the role of discursive representatives. These changes normalize the participation of cognitively disabled individuals and suggest institutional opportunities for more effective participation.

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Landwehr, Claudia, and Katharina Holzinger. "Institutional determinants of deliberative interaction." European Political Science Review 2, no. 3 (November 2010): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000226.

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A central assumption of deliberative theory is that political preferences are endogenous to decision-making processes in which they are transformed by communicative interaction. We identify discursiveness and coordination of interaction as central determinants of preference change and develop a typology of political modes of interaction that affect the likelihood of preference change differently. These properties are in turn influenced by institutional characteristics of the fora in which communicative interaction takes place. To illustrate our approach empirically we present a comparative analysis of two extreme modes of interaction, ‘debate’ and ‘deliberation’, providing a case study of a parliamentary debate and a citizen conference on the same conflict: the import of embryonic stem cells in Germany. We assess the discursiveness and coordination as well as the amount of preference transformation in both forums.

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NEWELL, PETER. "Democratising biotechnology? Deliberation, participation and social regulation in a neo-liberal world." Review of International Studies 36, no. 2 (April 2010): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000112.

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AbstractThere is now significant policy and academic interest in the governance of science and technology for sustainable development. In recent years this has come to include a growing emphasis on issues of public understanding of science and innovative processes of deliberative and inclusive policy-making around controversial technologies such as nuclear power and agricultural biotechnology. Concern with such issues coincides with rising levels of interest in deliberative democracy and its relationship to the structures and processes of global governance. This article connects these two areas through a critical examination of ‘global’ deliberations about agricultural biotechnology and its risks and benefits. It draws on an extensive survey concerned with the diverse ways in which a range of governments are interpreting and implementing their commitments under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety regarding public participation and consultation in order to assess the potential to create forms of deliberation through these means. The article explores both the limitations of public deliberation within global governance institutions as well as of projects whose aim is to impose participation from above through international law by advocating model approaches and policy ‘tool kits’ that are insensitive to vast differences between countries in terms of capacity, resources and political culture.

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Sites, William. "Progressive Regionalism: A "Deliberative" Movement?" Antipode 36, no. 4 (September 2004): 766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00450.x.

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Petts, Judith. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Deliberative Processes: Waste Management Case-studies." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 44, no. 2 (March 2001): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560120033713.

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Bellocchi, Gianni, Mike Rivington, Keith Matthews, and Marco Acutis. "Deliberative processes for comprehensive evaluation of agroecological models. A review." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 35, no. 2 (December 17, 2014): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0271-0.

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Grenard, Jerry L., Susan L. Ames, and Alan W. Stacy. "Deliberative and spontaneous cognitive processes associated with HIV risk behavior." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 36, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9404-6.

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Lafont, Cristina. "Can Democracy be Deliberative & Participatory? The Democratic Case for Political Uses of Mini-Publics." Daedalus 146, no. 3 (July 2017): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00449.

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This essay focuses on recent proposals to confer decisional status upon deliberative mini-publics such as citizens' juries, Deliberative Polls, and citizens' assemblies. Against such proposals, I argue that inserting deliberative mini-publics into political decision-making processes would diminish the democratic legitimacy of the political system as a whole. This negative conclusion invites a question: which political uses of mini-publics would yield genuinely democratic improvements? Drawing from a participatory conception of deliberative democracy, I propose several uses of mini-publics that could enhance the democratic legitimacy of political decision-making in current societies.

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PARKINSON, JOHN. "Of Scale and Straw Men: A Reply to Fishkin and Luskin." British Journal of Political Science 36, no. 1 (December 8, 2005): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123406000111.

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I am grateful to James Fishkin and Robert Luskin for taking the time to consider and respond to my remarks on the dangers of relying on the news media to form a bridge between participants and non-participants in deliberative events. Clearly we are in agreement that there is a difference between deliberations as experienced by participants and a television audience. However, Fishkin and Luskin have misrepresented my aims and claims about that difference, and thus their response is less telling than it might have been, directed as it is at a man of straw.At the outset, let me emphasize that the purpose ofmyresearch note was not to subject deliberative polls to a thorough critique: one case study would indeed have been an inadequate foundation for such work. Rather, the case study was a device used to highlight a feature common to many attempts to put deliberative democratic principles into practice, not just the deliberative poll (DP). The underlying issue is, to state it again, one of scale: millions of people cannot strictly deliberate together. Walzer proposes a maximum number of twenty individuals, although the literature on small groups suggests that the actual limit may be between five and seven, both which seem disturbingly small for purportedly democratic processes. Even if the deliberative limit were several hundred, however, the scale issue still arises and causes problems for the democratic legitimacy of such events: how can their decisions be binding on others when those others have not had the opportunity to have their views transformed by the encounter with the better argument?

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Khalighinejad, Nima, Elisa Brann, Alexander Dorgham, and Patrick Haggard. "Dissociating Cognitive and Motoric Precursors of Human Self-Initiated Action." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 5 (May 2019): 754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01380.

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Across-trial variability of EEG decreases more markedly before self-initiated than before externally triggered actions, providing a novel neural precursor for volitional action. However, it remains unclear whether this neural convergence is an early, deliberative stage or a late, execution-related stage in the chain of cognitive processes that transform intentions to actions. We report two experiments addressing these questions. Participants viewed randomly moving dots on a screen. At a random time, all dots started moving coherently to the left or right side of the screen. Participants were rewarded for correctly responding to the direction of coherent dot movement. However, the waiting time before coherent dot motion onset could be extremely long. Participants had the option to skip waiting by pressing a “skip” key. These self-initiated “skips” were compared with blocks where participants were instructed to skip. EEG variability decreased more markedly before self-initiated compared with externally triggered “skip” actions, replicating previous findings. Importantly, this EEG convergence was stronger at frontomidline electrodes than at either the electrode contralateral or ipsilateral to the hand assigned to the “skip” action in each block (Experiment 1). Furthermore, convergence was stronger when availability of skip responses was “rationed,” encouraging deliberate planning before skipping (Experiment 2). This suggests that the initiation of voluntary actions involves a bilaterally distributed, effector-independent process related to deliberation. A consistent process of volition is detectable during early, deliberative planning and not only during late, execution-related time windows.

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Beauvais, Edana, and Andre Baechtiger. "Taking the Goals of Deliberation Seriously: A Differentiated View on Equality and Equity in Deliberative Designs and Processes." Journal of Deliberative Democracy 12, no. 2 (October 13, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/jdd.254.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Deliberative processes'

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