Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Deliberative processes'
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Schechter, Chen. "Deliberative processes of high school principals with a military background /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148820267877438.
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Hartmann, Angela. "Talking water : assessing deliberative participation in water abstraction decision processes in the Norfolk Broads." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268545.
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Maxwell, Simon Andrew. "Car cultures : using deliberative and inclusionary processes to explore meanings of car use in everyday life." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271340.
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Studd, Katherine Louise. "Fitness for purpose : English Nature's use of deliberative and inclusionary processes in the delivery of nature conservation policy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406654.
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au, K. Buselich@murdoch edu, and Kathryn Buselich. "Creating transactional space for sustainability: a case study of the Western Australian Collaboration." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071220.132317.
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Progressing sustainability requires a more networked approach to governancean approach that connects otherwise segmented policy areas and fosters greater communication among governments, stakeholders and citizens. Of particular importance is the development of discursive spaces in which diverse actors are able to explore the differing knowledge, perspectives and values raised by the challenge of sustainability. This thesis develops the notion of transactional space to bring into focus the processes of reflection, dialogue and mutual learning that effective sustainability discourse involves. In the first part of the thesis I review literature on the theory and practice of participation, deliberation and collaboration, giving particular attention to the ways in which these processes have potential to create space for a depth of exchange and enable participants to engage with the tensions inherent in complex policy issues. While many authors point to the importance of negotiating difference in these processes, the literature reveals that, in practice, this type of exchange tends to be overlooked or underdeveloped. I therefore argue in this thesis that critical, reflective dialogue plays a key role in generating greater understanding among participants, more comprehensive understanding of policy issues, and more integrative and shared approaches, and for these reasons must be actively developed.
The case study in the second part of the thesis explores this concern for developing reflective exchange in practice. The formation of the Western Australian Collaboration in 2002a partnership of non-government organizations from a range of social and environmental perspectives committed to a just and sustainable Western Australiarepresented an opportunity to examine the development of participatory and collaborative processes for sustainability. The thesis presents a case study of the WA Collaborations development over 2002-2006 to illustrate the potential such networks and open forums offer for transformative exchange around sustainability. It describes the intensive process conducted with the Steering Committee to cultivate a culture of reflection and learning in the organization, and the practical initiatives the process helped to generate.
The thesis concludes with a discussion of the lessons learnt and key principles and practical considerations relevant to fostering transactional space. The WA Collaboration experience and the review of literature reveal a tendency in practice to privilege action and outcomes over reflection and learning. Furthermore, despite the necessity for a depth of engagement with complex policy issues, funding systems and policy environments often fail to allow the time and resources needed to support genuine dialogue and collaborative work. The thesis provides the concept and principles of transactional space as a means of helping to address this imbalance. They are designed to encourage practitioners to create opportunities for critical, reflective dialogue in a range of deliberative settings.
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Hendriks, Carolyn Maree, and C. M. Hendriks@uva nl. "Public Deliberation and Interest Organisations: a Study of Responses to Lay Citizen Engagement in Public Policy." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050921.103047.
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This thesis empirically examines how lobby groups and activists respond to innovative forms of public participation. The study centres on processes that foster a particular kind
of deliberative governance including citizens’ juries, consensus conferences and planning cells. These deliberative designs bring together a panel of randomly selected lay citizens
to deliberate on a specific policy issue for a few days, with the aim of providing decision makers with a set of recommendations. While policy makers worldwide are attracted to these novel participatory processes, little consideration has been given to how well they work alongside more adversarial and interest-based politics. This doctoral research project examines this interface by studying what these processes mean to different kinds of policy actors such as corporations, advocacy groups, government agencies, experts
and professionals. These entities are collectively referred to in this thesis as ‘interest organisations’ because in some way they are seeking a specific policy outcome from the
state – even government-based groups.¶
The empirical research in this thesis is based on comparative case studies of four deliberative design projects in Australia and Germany. The Australian cases include a citizens’ jury on waste management legislation and a consensus conference on gene
technology in the food chain. The German case studies include a planning cells project on consumer protection in Bavaria, and a national consensus conference on genetic diagnostics. Together the cases capture a diversity of complex and contested policy
issues facing post-industrialised societies. In each case study, I examine how relevant interest organisations responded to the deliberative forum, and then interpret these responses in view of the context and features of the case.¶
The picture emerging from the in-depth case studies is that interest organisations respond to deliberative designs in a variety of ways. Some choose to participate actively,
others passively decline, and a few resort to strategic tactics to undermine citizens’ deliberations. The empirical research reveals that though responses are variable, most
interest organisations are challenged by several features of the deliberative design model including: 1) that deliberators are citizens with no knowledge or association with the
issue; 2) that experts and interest representatives are required to present their arguments before a citizens’ panel; and 3) that policy discussions occur under deliberative conditions which can expose the illegitimate use of power.¶
Despite these challenges, the paradox is that many interest organisations do decide to engage in lay citizen deliberations. The empirical research indicates that groups and experts value deliberative designs if they present an opportunity for public relations, customer feedback, or advocacy. Moreover, the research finds that when policy actors
intensively engage with ‘ordinary’ citizens, their technocratic and elite ideas about public participation can shift in a more inclusive and deliberative direction.¶
The thesis finds that, on the whole, weaker interest organisations are more willing to engage with lay citizens than stronger organisations because they welcome the chance to influence public debate and decision makers. It appears that powerful groups will only
engage in a deliberative forum under certain policy conditions, for example, when the dominant policy paradigm is unstable and contested, when public discussion on the issue is emerging, when policy networks are interdependent and heterogeneous, and when the broader social and political system supports public accountability, consensus and
deliberation. Given that these kinds of policy conditions do not always exist, I conclude that tensions between interest organisations and deliberative governance will be common. In order to create more cooperative and productive interfaces, I recommend
that interest organisations be better supported and integrated into citizens’ deliberations, and that steps be taken to safeguard forums from strategic attempts to undermine their
legitimacy.¶
The thesis also sends out three key messages to democratic theorists. First, the empirical research shows that different kinds of groups and actors in civil society vary in their
willingness and capacity to participate to public deliberation. Second, the deliberative design model demonstrates that partisan actors, such as interest organisations, will engage in public deliberation when they can participate as strategic deliberators. In this role
partisans are not expected to relinquish their agendas, but present them as testimonies before a group of deliberators. Third, the empirical research in this thesis should bring
home to theorists that deliberative forums are closely linked to the discursive context within which they operate.
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Gonzaga, Rosalba Maria Morais. "Desenho institucional e efetividade deliberativa dos conselhos de saúde: dinâmicas de participação e processo decisório no município de João Pessoa PB." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7284.
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-12Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In health, the creation of forums as Health Councils and the effect of the decentralization process emphasized by the Constitution of 1988, resulted in higher powers and the increasing importance of the public sphere of municipal administration. However, the participation of Councillors in the process of decision making has been identified as one of the challenging aspects in the work of these committees, because of limitations imposed by the powers of representation. The research is focused on understanding of this process, with emphasis on analyzes of the Municipal Health Council of João Pessoa (CMS/JP), more specifically, with regard to decision making and their effectiveness discussed. To this end, several analyzes were performed starting from a study of qualitative and quantitative, by using the linking of data from three basic elements in this study: information obtained from observations on the CMS / JP, texts of the Acts of the CMS/JP and texts drawn from interviews with some of the Municipal Board of Health/JP-CP. Under the quantitative approach, tables were compiled, whose goal was to obtain, among other data related to the issue of quorum at meetings of the CMS/JP, that is related to the presence / absence of Councillors representatives of the segments in that council. Once extracted, the data were tabulated from the use of measures of central tendency: mean, median, aiming to analyze the participation of the numerical representation for each segment in the meetings of the CMS/JP-CP. As the study indicates, the CMS/JP has acted in a much more purposeful than deliberative, ie, note that this collegiate has presented great difficulties for the performance of its deliberative character, with little expression of some debates in the field where the participation does not always result in significant decision-making influence in the deliberations of the municipal public health policies, focusing on very fragile deliberative.
No campo da saúde, a criação de fóruns, como Conselhos de Saúde, e o efeito do processo de descentralização, enfatizado a partir da Constituição de 1988, resultaram em maiores atribuições e aumento da importância da esfera pública municipal de administração. Contudo, a participação de Conselheiros no processo de tomadas de decisão tem sido apontada como um dos aspectos desafiadores na atuação desses colegiados, em razão das limitações impostas à representação pelos poderes instituídos. A pesquisa está voltada à apreensão desta reflexão, com ênfase nas análises do Conselho Municipal de Saúde de João Pessoa-PB (CMS/JP), mais especificamente, no que diz respeito ao processo decisório e sua efetividade deliberativa. Para tanto, foram realizadas diversas análises, partindo de um estudo de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo, sendo utilizado o cruzamento de dados entre três elementos basilares no referido estudo: informações obtidas através das observações no CMS/JP, textos das Atas do CMS/JP e textos elaborados a partir das entrevistas com alguns dos Conselheiros Municipais de Saúde/JP-PB. Sob o enfoque quantitativo, foram elaboradas tabelas, cujo objetivo foi obter, entre outros, dados relacionados à questão do quórum nas reuniões do CMS/JP, isto é, à presença/ausência de Conselheiros representantes dos segmentos no referido colegiado. Depois de extraídos, os dados foram tabulados a partir do uso de medidas de tendência central: média e mediana, com intuito de analisar a participação numérica da representação por segmento nas reuniões do CMS/JP-PB. Conforme indica o estudo, o CMS/JP tem atuado de forma muito mais propositiva do que deliberativa, ou seja, nota-se que este colegiado tem apresentado grandes dificuldades para o desempenho do seu caráter deliberativo, com pouca expressividade no campo de alguns debates onde a participação nem sempre resulta em significativa influência decisória nas deliberações das políticas públicas de saúde municipal, incidindo em grande fragilidade deliberativa.
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Jones, James H. "Detecting hidden computer processes by deliberate resource exhaustion." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3385.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 259. Thesis director: Kathryn B. Laskey. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computational Sciences and Informatics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 17, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-258). Also issued in print.
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Clemente, Augusto Junior. "Democracia deliberativa e esfera pública." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/26179.
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Resumo: Após a transição democrática nos anos 1980, o Brasil desenvolveu diversos instrumentos de democracia participativa, incluindo aqueles voltados a questões orçamentárias, sobretudo em nível local. Por esta perspectiva, o sistema legal brasileiro constituiu leis estabelecendo a participação popular na construção de políticas públicas, tais como a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e o Estatuto da Cidade. Como resultado, todos os níveis de governo (a União, estados e municípios) constituíram diferentes arranjos para atender às coerções institucionais. As Audiências Públicas orçamentárias da cidade de Curitiba são um desses arranjos, sendo o objeto deste estudo. Deste modo, cabe perguntar: como ocorre o processo deliberativo das Audiências Públicas enquanto estruturas de absorção dos inputs societais? Quais as semelhanças e divergências das Audiências Públicas realizadas pelos poderes executivo e leg slativo em Curitiba? Nosso objetivo é estabelecer uma comparação entre esses dois âmbitos sob a perspectiva da democracia deliberativa. Para tanto, a pesquisa se concentrou entre os anos de 2009 e 2010. Nossa metodologia foi composta pela observação etnográfica e entrevistas em profundidade, sendo consideradas as seguintes variáveis, retiradas e adaptadas do estudo de Faria e Ribeiro (2010): (1) desenho institucional: arcabouço e funcionamento, condições de participação, discussão e decisão; (2) contextuais: o grau de associativismo civil e os grupos dirigentes; (3) políticas: alcance da representação e participação popular, bem como o seu poder de deliberação; (4) espaço-temporal: a propensão espacial à participação e a duração das reuniões e debates; (5) accountability: a transparência e a responsividade of recidas por esses arranjos institucionais deliberativos à Sociedade Civil.
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Villar, Jo??o Heliofar de Jesus. "Os limites da argumenta????o religiosa na esfera p??blica." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2016. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2208.
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This dissertation addresses the following question: Given that the state obeys the principle of secularism, religious reasons are admissible in the public sphere, in the debate involving fundamental issues aiming political decisions? That is, in the deliberative process which occurs in the public arena, is it compatible with the obligations of citizenship that someone support a legislation, or a public policy, grounded in religious reasons? In political philosophy, there are three main ways to answer this question, which will be studied here, having as starting point the theory of public reason of John Rawls and others: (i) the thesis sustaining that the principle of secularism implies that religious arguments must be circumscribed to private sphere; (ii) the admissibility of this sort of arguments, provided that they were translated in public reasons, universally accessible; (iii) the defense of the participation of the religious person in the public debate, without any restriction, as a corollary of his right of free expression in the public deliberative process. The study ends with a summary where the author try to present a conclusion with a proposal of conciliation.
Esta disserta????o se prop??e a responder a seguinte pergunta: Estabelecido que o Estado ?? laico, ?? admiss??vel a introdu????o de raz??es religiosas no debate na esfera p??blica, acerca de quest??es fundamentais sobre as quais o Estado deva formalizar a sua vontade? Isto ??, na arena p??blica, no processo de delibera????o pol??tica, ?? poss??vel ao cidad??o defender uma legisla????o ou uma pol??tica p??blica com base em raz??es de natureza religiosa? S??o abordadas tr??s posi????es que procuram responder a essa indaga????o, tendo como ponto de partida e contraponto a doutrina das raz??es p??blicas defendida por John Rawls e outros autores: (i) a tese de que, em decorr??ncia da laicidade, o argumento religioso deve ficar circunscrito ?? esfera privada; (ii) a admiss??o desse argumento no debate pol??tico, desde que traduzido em raz??es p??blicas, universalmente acess??veis; e (iii) a defesa da participa????o do religioso, no debate pol??tico, sem constri????o de qualquer natureza, como consequ??ncia do seu direito ?? livre express??o no processo de delibera????o p??blica. O estudo finaliza com um breve resumo seguido de uma conclus??o que procura apresentar uma concilia????o dessas posi????es, numa perspectiva pluralista.
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Jönsson, Jesper, and Erik Svensson. "Fördjupad delaktighet i stadsplaneprocesser - En fallstudie av stadsbyggnadsprojektet Bunkeflostrand i Malmö." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22418.
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I Malmö stads översiktsplan fastslås en ambition om att i högre grad involvera medborgare i planeringen för att göra staden mer jämlik och socialt hållbar, samtidigt som planeringen kan bli mer effektiv när planer kan förankras genom att involvera medborgare i ett tidigt skede. Men för att involvera medborgare i planeringen, i ett tidigt stadie, krävs det att det görs ansatser som går utöver de lagliga krav som Plan- och Bygglagen ställer på planförfarandet om medborgerligt demokratiskt inflytande. Denna ansats benämner Malmö stad som fördjupad delaktighet. Men vad som ingår i de ansatser som går utöver lagens krav och möjligheterna för hur medborgare kan påverka planeringen, kan variera från en planprocess till en annan. Hur Malmö stad arbetar med att involvera medborgare med metoder som går utöver lagens krav ämnar denna studie studera. Detta har undersökts med en fallstudie som har studerat ett aktivt planeringsprojekt i Bunkeflostrand i Malmö. Fallstudien har kompletterats med en dokumentstudie samt en intervju som har genomförs med en nyckelaktör i planeringsprojektet, med ansvar för medborgardialog. Denna inhämtade information har sedan analyserats med hjälp av teorier som har sin grund i deliberativ demokratiteori, medborgarmakt, demokratiska innovationer och kommunikativ planeringsteori. Genom denna analys har vi identifierat att medborgare ges en större möjlighet att delta i planprocessen, men att detta inte översätts till att medborgare ges en medbestämmanderätt. Hur medborgares åsikter överförs till planarbetet försvåras av planutformningens teknokratiska natur, vilket innebär att det medborgerliga inflytandet kräver stöd från andra aktörer för att kunna förverkligas.Malmö municipality’s general plan states an ambition to involve citizens, to a higher degree, in city planning to make the city more equitable and socially sustainable. By involving citizens in planning, it can become more effective when plans are thoroughly anchored with citizens at an early stage. But in order to involve citizens at an early stage in planning, it is necessary for city planning to make efforts that go beyond the legal requirements that Plan- och Bygglagen imposes on the planning procedure for civic democratic influence. This effort is defined in Malmö Municipality’s’ general plan as deepened participation. But what is included in the efforts that go beyond the requirements of the law and the possibilities for how citizens can influence planning can vary from one planning process to another. The purpose of this study is to understand how Malmö Municipality works to involve citizens with methods that go beyond the requirements of the law. This has been investigated with a case study that has examined an active planning project in Bunkeflostrand in Malmö Municipality. The case study has been supplemented by a document study as well as an interview conducted with a key employee in the planning project, responsible for citizen dialogue. This information has then been analyzed with the help of theories based on deliberative democracy theory, citizen power, democratic innovations, and communicative planning theory. Through this analysis, we have identified that citizens are given a greater opportunity to participate in the planning process, but that this is not translated into giving citizens a right of co-decision. How citizens' opinions are transferred to planning work is complicated by the technocratic nature of plan making, which means that civic influence requires support from other stakeholders to be realized.
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Marshall, David. "Understanding the processes in assessing risk of deliberate self harm in systemic family therapy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16955/.
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Introduction: The subject of self-harm in the adolescent population is a source for public concern likely grounded in the suicide rates for this age group and the perception that the risk of suicide is increased for individuals who regularly harm themselves. This leaves clinicians working with those who self-harm with the task of assessing the risk of those who access services. The literature base for risk assessment of suicide/self-harm is populated with studies which focus on the ‘whats’ of risk assessment, for example: what a clinician needs to cover to ensure safety or what service users think of their assessment. I argue the need to build on this knowledge base, and understand the ‘hows’ of risk assessment, e.g. how does a therapist complete an assessment and how does a therapist ensure engagement. The current study takes place within the context of a Systemic Family Therapy study and explores how a therapist completes their assessment with a family. Method: Grounded Theory was employed in order to analyse videotapes of Systemic Family Therapy sessions. A single case of a female adolescent was selected based on characteristics of her therapy. The key research questions address the processes the therapist employs to move between therapeutic and assessment tasks; how the therapist’s approach changes in the face of changing risk; and how the therapist maintains engagement throughout the therapy. Results: Themes emerging from the data revealed that the therapist employs a number of subtle processes in order to switch interchangeably between assessment and therapy tasks and that these foci are not mutually exclusive. These process occur within the context of a balanced, conversational relationship in which therapist and family has an equal footing. When the perceived level of risk changes, the therapist’s approach still fits within this framework, with a key difference being a more direct establishment of therapist goals. Engagement is maintained by the therapist’s negotiation of balance, collaboration and mutuality within the therapeutic relationship. Furthermore, the therapist moderates emotion in the room in a way that avoids re-traumatisation, and in a way that encourages the family and young person to continue to contribute to the discussions in safety. Discussion: The findings of the current study provides a preliminary model of risk assessment for this particular therapy which facilitates thinking about risk assessment in a wider sphere. The findings of the current study are then considered as part of a growing body of literature, with further recommendations made for future research.
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Burnley, M. Caroline E. (Mary Caroline Elizabeth) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Sexual harassment in academic institutions: the effects of grievance procedures on deliberation processes and outcomes." Ottawa, 1994.
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Hargus, Emily Ann. "Toxic thoughts : Vulnerability factors and cognitive processes of thoughts or acts of deliberate self harm." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531819.
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Becker, Castellaro Sebastián. "Análisis deliberativo a la participación en procesos constituyentes: El caso chileno (2015-2018)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150001.
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Tesis (Magíster en Derecho con mención en Derecho Público)La presente investigación establece un análisis desde una perspectiva de la democracia deliberativa al proceso de participación constituyente chileno; específicamente, entre el anuncio presidencial de apertura del proceso constituyente por parte de Michelle Bachelet el 13 Octubre del año 2015 hasta la entrega del proyecto de reforma constitucional el 6 de Marzo de 2018. Para ello se analizan tanto principios axiológicos de la democracia deliberativa, con un perfil republicano, como las experiencias de participación en procesos constituyentes en el derecho comparado. Con lo anterior, se realiza una sistematización del proceso de participación chileno para dar cuenta que si bien existieron puntos rescatables dignos de replicar y con una clara valoración deliberativa, del proceso participativo se desprenden principios de tinte representativos que se alejan de los principios rectores que significa una democracia deliberativa.
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Silva, Sílvio Domingos Mendes da. "O papel do poder público local nos processos participativos de planos diretores em Santa Catarina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129259.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T20:52:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 327539.pdf: 2889335 bytes, checksum: 13d1fc5f2c686bcb9572e7ffbe010a66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Na geografia, em especial na área de planejamento urbano, estudos sobre os papeis dos atores vêm se multiplicando principalmente depois da aprovação da lei 10.257/2001, denominada de Estatuto da Cidade. Trabalhos sobre os atores que atuam nas políticas públicas têm sido pesquisas constantes nos programas de pós-graduação no Brasil. Esta pesquisa de tese procura analisar também este tema, com enfoque especial para a mudança de paradigmas do papel do Estado. Os objetos escolhidos para esta análise são quatro importantes municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina (Lages, Chapecó, Blumenau e Joinville). Os motivos de nossa escolha deram-se pelo fato destes exercerem papel importante no território catarinense e terem concluídos seus processos de elaboração de seus Planos Diretores, conforme determina o Estatuto da Cidade. A legislação federal determina que nas principais características dessa nova metodologia os diferentes atores dividam as responsabilidades sociais, como igualdade de peso, portanto, de forma participativa. Trabalhamos com três hipóteses. A primeira de que a democratização do planejamento urbano, manifesto nos Planos Diretores Participativos (PDP) do Brasil, possui determinações de ordem distante (globalidade social), mas possui fortes elementos de ordem próxima que condicionam os processos participativos locais; a segunda de que o Movimento Nacional da Reforma Urbana pensou a implementação de uma nova política urbana a partir de diretrizes nacionais, porém, o resultado da constituinte transferiu aos municípios a função de implementar a reforma urbana através dos PDPÂ s e coube ao município definir os desenhos institucionais que possibilitassem a construção de esferas públicas de debates, na busca de uma democracia participativa; terceira, o desenho institucional está diretamente vinculado à vontade política das elites locais. Para atender a essas hipóteses propõe-se como o objetivo principal da tese analisar o papel do Estado (poder público local) nos processos de formulação dos planos diretores em quatro cidades do Estado de Santa Catarina que concluíram seus planos diretores até julho de 2013. Tendo por objetivos específicos analisar a experiência de elaboração dos planos diretores participativos dos municípios, identificando as ações do poder público para a construção de condições institucionais para a promoção de esferas públicas de discussão; e identificar os avanços e os limites de cada experiência para a construção da democracia deliberativa no âmbito das políticas públicas urbanas. A metodologia proposta buscou em literatura sobre a temática, documentos e análises de experiências de gestão democráticas, além de trabalhos de campo e entrevistas com agentes participantes dos processos, elementos para ratificar ou não nossas hipóteses. Com o confronto da empiria e dos trabalhos teóricos, chegamos a algumas conclusões: o papel do Estado (poder público local) mudou em relação a práticas anteriores de planejamento; esta mudança, na prática, acontece de forma parcial; os desenhos institucionais para participação não estão suficientemente definidos e por isto o poder público carece de referências metodológicas; ainda existem resistências ao processo participativo; existe uma imperiosa necessidade do poder público partilhar o poder de decisão do início ao final do processo; há a necessidade de dar tempo à democracia participativa; precisamos ampliar o número e os tipos de atores analisados; e, existe grande dificuldade de convivência entre democracia representativa e participativa.
Abstract : In geography, especially in the area of urban planning, studies have been multiplying particularly after the passage of the law 10.257/2001, called the City Statute. Academic works about the actors involved in public policy have been ongoing research in graduate programs in Brazil. This thesis research also seeks to analyze this issue, with particular focus on the changing paradigms of the role of the State. The objects chosen for this analysis are four important cities in Santa Catarina State (Lages, Chapecó, Blumenau and Joinville). The reasons for this choice were due the fact these cities have important role in Santa Catarina these cities have completed their process of developing their Master Plans, as determined by the City Statute. Federal law requires that the main characteristics of this new methodology, the different actors divide the social responsibilities as equal weight, so in a participatory manner. This theses works with three hypotheses. At first, the Democratizing Urban Planning, manifested in Brazilian Participatory Master Plans (PMPÂ s), has determinations of distant order (social globality), but has strong elements of near order that condition local participatory processes; the second hypothesis is that the National Movement for Urban Reform thought the implementation of a new urban policy from national guidelines, however, the result of constituent transferred to municipalities the function of implementing the urban reform through PMPÂ s and it was attributed to the municipality to define institutional designs that would enable the construction of public spheres of debate, in pursuit of a participatory democracy, third hypothesis, the institutional design is directly linked to the political will of local elites. To address these hypotheses is proposed as the main objective of the thesis to analyze the role of the State (local government) in the formulation of master plans in four cities, in Santa Catarina State, who completed their master plans by July 2013. The specific objectives to analyze the experience of designing participatory master plans of the cities and to identify the actions of the government for the construction of institutional conditions for the promotion of public spheres of discussion; and to identify the advances and limitations of each experience for building of deliberative democracy within the framework of public urban policies. The proposed methodology sought in literature on the topic, documents and analyzes the experiences of democratic management, as well as fieldwork and interviews with officials of participating processes, elements to ratify or not our hypotheses. With the confrontation of empirical data and theoretical framework, we came to some conclusions: the role of government (local government) changed from previous planning practices, this change in practice happens partially; institutional designs for participation are not sufficiently defined and for this reason it lacks to the government methodological references; still there is some resistance to the participatory process; there is a strong need for sharing the power of decision from beginning to the end of the process, there is the need to give time for participatory democracy, we must expand the number and types of actors analyzed, and there is great difficulty of coexistence between representative and participatory democracy.
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Ehn, Alexander, and Zheng Yang. "Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent : Strategic processes in small and medium sized Swedish companies in the IT-industry." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6103.
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Background:
SMEs are extremely important to the Swedish economy. But only 56% of the newly started companies in Sweden are still active three years after they start. One of the most important reasons for this happens in the strategic field which generally includes two issues- one is the applying strategy, another is the strategy process itself. The authors of this paper attach their importance into one of these two issues-strategy process and want to get the result if Mintzberg & Waters’ (1985) strategic process model is suited with Swedish IT-SMEs.
Purpose:
According to Karl Popper, people have to continuous try to falsify a hypotheses and each time you fail to do this the hypotheses or theories become stronger. If you succeed in falsifying the hypotheses it can be rejected as false and a new and better one will have to be created from the outcome of all these tests. Based on this kind of thought, our research chooses Swedish IT-SMEs to test Mintzberg & Waters’ (1985) model. After all, Mintzberg & Waters’ (1985) model has been put forward almost twenty years and furthermore, its standpoint is mostly based on the big enterprises. Our purpose is to see if this model is suited with the process of strategy of the three-premise (Swedish, IT, SME) companies.
Result:
We can say after getting the result, that Mintzberg & Waters’ (1985) model is suited with Swedish IT-SME, the model itself becomes stronger.
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Caldeira, Adriano Cesar Braz. "Teoria crítica da jurisdição: um estudo sobre a atuação jurisdicional brasileira pós-Constituição de 1.988." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1296.
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-24The current study aims to analyze the performance of the Brazilian jurisdiction considering the needs of the capital system and the political system, observing the behavior and the role to be played by the Judiciary and the legal thought, especially the procedure in the post-1988 s Federal Constitution period. At first, it was decided to examine, in the first chapter, the role of this Constitution in the process of continuity of the ideals for decades already established by the capital and, later, the political system. Therefore, it was understood well by reviewing, without intending to innovate in this regard, the main reasons that led to each of the Constitutions taken in our country, checking behavior of institutions, in particular the jurisdiction in times of crisis State, considering his parallel action with capital system and political. With this, it was possible to observe that the ideal of democracy, the ideal of the effectiveness of fundamental rights and guarantees is utopian, in other words, impossible while maintaining the conditions of domination established throughout contemporary history. The second chapter is intended to analyze the reasons that lead to loss of boundaries between institutions, both among the representative institutions as between them and the jurisdictional institution, so as to interfere in the outcome of the adjudication, constituting the phenomenon usually called by the doctrine of politicization of jurisdictional actions. As regards the third chapter, the goal pursued is the analysis of traditional scopes of jurisdiction, consolidated with special emphasis throughout the twentieth century, turning the process into a mere usefulness instrument of the substantive law completely abandoning their original purpose, in other words, to reestablish the equalities left behind by the substantive law and the social core itself against the political and economic ideals adopted by our society. Search is also in this chapter, reset the paths to jurisdictional actions directed to the expectations of society, not individually, which implies a new educational, social and judicial review, which goes beyond the resolution of the dispute, consider so as to the real social needs bordering that conflict, allowing the individual to understand the social context in which inserted in. Finally, the fourth and final chapter is intended to study the routes to be followed in order to establish full democracy, which result from a deliberative process, not an imposition. A process whose essence are rooted features like inclusion, equality and freedom, in other words, a democracy that is born from below, directly from the action of the mass that makes up society, organized, able to build a right of society and not of the institutions.
O presente estudo pretende analisar a atuação da jurisdição brasileira diante das necessidades do sistema de capital e do sistema político, observando o comportamento e o papel a ser desempenhado tanto pelo Poder Judiciário quanto pelo pensamento jurídico, especialmente o processual, no período pós-Constituição Federal de 1988, considerando ter sido esse o divisor de águas, ao menos no aspecto formal, em relação ao processo de democratização da sociedade brasileira. De início, optou-se por analisar, no primeiro capítulo, a função da Constituição no processo de continuísmo dos ideais já há décadas estabelecidos pelo sistema de capital e, mais tarde, pelo sistema político. Para tanto, entendeu-se por bem revisar, sem pretensão de inovar quanto a esse aspecto, as principais razões que conduziram a cada uma das Constituições havidas no país, verificando o comportamento das instituições, em especial da jurisdição, nos momentos de crise do Estado, considerando a sua atuação paralela com o sistema de capital e com o sistema político. Com isso, foi possível analisar se o ideal de democracia, de efetividade de direitos e garantias fundamentais, é utópico, ou seja, irrealizável enquanto mantidas as condições de dominação estabelecidas ao longo da história contemporânea. O segundo capítulo é destinado à análise das razões que levam à perda dos limites entre as instituições, tanto entre as representativas quanto entre estas e a jurisdicional, de modo a interferir no resultado da prestação jurisdicional, constituindo fenômeno que a doutrina convencionou denominar de politização da atuação jurisdicional. O terceiro capítulo, por sua vez, visa à análise dos escopos tradicionais da jurisdição, constituídos com especial ênfase ao longo do século XX, transformando o processo em mero instrumento de serventia do direito material, abandonando por completo a sua destinação de fantasia ao restabelecimento das igualdades deixadas de lado por tal direito, bem como pelo próprio núcleo social, face aos ideais políticos e econômicos adotados pela sociedade. Busca-se, ainda, nesse capítulo, redefinir os caminhos para uma atuação jurisdicional voltada aos anseios da sociedade, desindividualizada, organizada e, sobretudo, preparada para a deliberação, o que implica novo processo educacional, social e jurisdicional, que vá além da resolução da lide, passando a considerar as reais necessidades sociais que margeiam aquele conflito, permitindo ao indivíduo entender o contexto social em que está inserido. Por fim, o quarto e último capítulo é destinado ao estudo dos caminhos a serem percorridos para que se estabeleça uma democracia total, que decorra de um processo deliberativo, não de imposição, mas de inclusão de igualdades e de liberdades, uma democracia que parta de baixo, da direta atuação do sujeito social, organizado, capaz de construir um Direito da sociedade, e não das instituições.
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Santana, Aline Farias de. "A influência de stakeholders no processo deliberativo de políticas públicas : o caso do Conselho Nacional de Assistência Social." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32371.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, 2018.Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-07-25T21:01:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_AlineFariasdeSantana.pdf: 920444 bytes, checksum: 3eeef16303c3f2d155cde0c7a5c64915 (MD5)
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A presente dissertação teve como objetivo geral analisar como os atores interessados no processo decisório de determinada política pública exercem influência no processo de tomada de decisão. Diante dos argumentos da Teoria de Stakeholders e da atuação destes enquanto empreendedores e conciliadores políticos, desenvolveu-se o estudo de caso do Conselho Nacional de Assistência Social, perante a perspectiva da formulação e implementação do Benefício de Prestação Continuada. A escolha do locus em questão proporcionou à associação das premissas teóricas um caso representativo e passível de gerar contribuições tanto teóricas como práticas ao campo da administração pública. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a abordagem se deu por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas em profundidade, que foram objetos de análise do discurso, segundo os Modos Gerais de Operação da Ideologia, típicos da Análise de Discurso Crítica. Foram identificados dois grandes grupos de influência, os empreendedores e os conciliadores políticos, atuando de forma reguladora, orientadora, legitimadora, controladora e colaborada. Por fim, verificou-se as estratégias típicas de construção simbólica utilizada por estes grupos e como elas influenciam o processo decisório em torno da política pública. Observou-se que as estratégias mais utilizadas pelo grupo de conciliadores políticos foram a racionalização e a simbolização de unidade. Já para o grupo de empreendedores políticos, destaca-se o emprego das estratégias expurgo do outro e do tropo, por meio da sinédoque.
The purpose of this work was to analyze the influence of stakeholders in the decision-making process of a specific public policy. Given the arguments of Stakeholders Theory and the role as entrepreneurs and political conciliators of these actors, the case study of the National Council of Social Assistance was developed, taking account the formulation and implementation of the program Benefício de Prestação Continuada. The choice of the locus provided the association of theoretical premises with a representative case that could generate both theoretical and practical contributions to the public administration field. Regarding to the methodological aspects, the approach was through documentary research and in-depth interviews, which were objects of discourse analysis, according to the modes of discourse operation, typical of critical discourse analysis. Two major influencer groups, the entrepreneurs and the political conciliators, were identified, acting in a regulatory, guiding, legitimating, controlling and cooperative way. Finally, the typical strategies of symbolic construction used by these groups and how they influence the decision-making process around public policy were verified. It was observed that the most used strategies by the group of political conciliators were the rationalization and symbolization of unity. For the group of political entrepreneurs, the use of the purge strategies of the other and of the trope is highlighted, through synecdoche.
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Ortega, Rubens Paulino. "A importância da deliberação na formação de estratégias organizacionais: um estudo exploratório em organizações com processos formalizados de planejamento estratégico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06122017-161334/.
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A estratégia organizacional tem sido um importante campo de pesquisa, com destaque para o tema da elaboração das estratégias. Para compreender tal processo, é preciso levar em consideração as forças que influenciam essa construção. O conceito de formação das estratégias indica a interação entre o processo deliberado e formal de planejamento estratégico e o conjunto de influências (cognitivas, culturais e políticas, ambientais, entre outras) que condicionam tanto o processo de elaboração das estratégias quanto a sua eventual execução. A presente pesquisa enfoca o processo formal de elaboração de estratégias, em organizações nas quais este é claramente definido; e exclui expressamente a questão da execução. O autor entende que, nas organizações pesquisadas: (a) o conceito de formação de estratégias se aplica à etapa de planejamento formal, ampliando a ideia de formulação de estratégias; (b) o conceito de estratégias emergentes se manifestaria apenas na etapa de execução, portanto, encontra-se além do escopo do presente estudo. Este estudo parte do modelo descritivo de formação de estratégias, desenvolvido por Barbero (2008) a partir da sua pesquisa em empresas industriais no estado de São Paulo. Tal modelo traz dez elementos, que estabelecem cinco dimensões de análise do processo de formação de estratégias organizacionais. Na presente pesquisa, o instrumento de pesquisa desenvolvido e utilizado por Barbero (2008) é adaptado a uma abordagem qualitativa, com ênfase aos executivos envolvidos no processo de elaboração de estratégias de organizações que apresentam processos formalizados de planejamento estratégico. Esta pesquisa se justifica pela importância da aplicação do modelo conceitual de Barbero (2008), em outro contexto organizacional específico, e por adotar uma abordagem qualitativa. Espera-se, assim, contribuir para a compreensão da elaboração de estratégias organizacionais, em especial no que tange ao papel da deliberação, vista em confronto com as forças que exercem influências sobre tal processo. O resultado mostra que nas organizações estudadas, no momento formal de formação de estratégias suas características marcantes são desenvolvidas de forma visionária, discricionária, política, racional e deliberada. A política e a intuição se apresentam como potência e moldam o processo de múltiplas formas e consequências, permanecendo em aberto a antiga questão de como são efetivamente formadas as estratégias organizacionais, as quais, aparentemente, dependem das particularidades de cada organização e seu ambiente de atuação.The organizational strategy has been an important field of research, especially on the area of strategy formulation. In order to understand such a process, one must take into account the forces that influence this construction. The strategy formation concept indicates the interaction between the deliberate and formal process of strategic planning and a set of influences (cognitive, cultural and political, environmental, among others). They condition both the strategy elaboration process and its eventual execution. The present research focuses on the formal strategic development process in organizations in which the process is clearly defined and expressly excludes the issue of enforcement and implementation. The author understands that at the organizations researched: (a) the concept of strategy formation applies to the formal planning stage, broadening the idea of strategy formulation; (B) the concept of emergent strategies would manifest itself only in the execution stage, therefore, it is beyond the scope of the present study. This study is based on the descriptive model of strategy formation developed by Barbero (2008) and on his research which is applied to industrial companies in the state of São Paulo. This model brings ten elements establishing five dimensions of analysis of the process of forming organizational strategies. In the present research, the research tool developed and used by Barbero (2008) is adapted to a qualitative approach with an emphasis on the executives involved in the strategy elaboration process of organizations that present formalized processes of strategic planning. This research is justified by the importance of applying the conceptual model of Barbero (2008) in another specific organizational context and by adopting a qualitative approach. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the understanding of the elaboration of organizational strategies, especially regarding the role of deliberation, analysed in comparison with the forces exerting influence on this process. The result shows that in the organizations studied, in the formal moment of strategy formation, its defining characteristics are developed in a visionary, discretionary, political, rational and deliberate way. Politics and intuition are presented as powerful and shape the process in multiple forms and consequences. The question of how are effectively formed the organizational strategies still remains open and apparently depends on the particularities of each organization and its operating environment .
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Souza, Marcelle Fernandes de. "Comunicação e democracia nos Conselhos de saúde: um estudo sobre os processos deliberativos do Conselho municipal de saúde do Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2011. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6201.
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Esta pesquisa visou investigar e analisar os processos comunicacionais que interferem no exercício das funções deliberativas dos Conselhos Municipais com base em um estudo sobre o Conselho Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Os Conselhos de Saúde constituem-se como colegiados permanentes de decisão compartilhada entre representantes do Estado e da sociedade civil, o que faz com que questões comunicacionais se tornem estratégicas para a compreensão do escopo democrático e decisório facultado pela participação nessas instâncias. Foram analisados os processos comunicacionais que ocorreram neste foro, desde a elaboração da pauta, os debates, o estabelecimento de conflitos, consensos, as táticas comunicacionais por parte dos seus membros até a divulgação dos resultados deliberativos. O acompanhamento e a análise destes processos nos permitiram compreender melhor o funcionamento, as dificuldades, as potencialidades e os limites deste tipo de colegiado de controle social no campo da saúde. Tratou-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, do tipo estudo de caso. O corpus da análise foi constituído por: oito entrevistas com os conselheiros (segregados por segmento e de forma paritária); observação participante de quatro reuniões ordinárias do referido Conselho e análise documental (atas, pautas, deliberações/ resoluções e fichas cadastrais dos conselheiros). Os resultados desta pesquisa apontaram que o Conselho é, estruturalmente, uma instância democrática aberta a diversas formas de manifestação e reinvindicação da população acerca das questões de saúde. Constatamos que os processos comunicacionais (internos e externos) relacionados à função deliberativa do Conselho são complexos e múltiplos. No entanto, ficaram evidenciadas diversas formas de deficiência na comunicação interna entre conselheiros, o que facilita ao segmento gestor impor a sua lógica sobre os procedimentos deliberativos. Com isto, reiteram-se as relações assimétricas entre conselheiros. Quanto à comunicação externa do Conselho, ficou evidenciada a sua precariedade que deixa de dar publicidade sobre o que faz ou deixa de fazer, cujo resultado é a sua invisibilidade na esfera pública perante os órgãos públicos e a sociedade em geral.
This research aimed to investigate and analyze the communication processes that interfere with the exercise of deliberative functions of the municipal councils based on a study of the Municipal Health Council of Rio de Janeiro. The Boards of Health are as permanent collegiate decision shared between the state and representatives of civil society, which makes communication issues become strategic for understanding the scope of democratic decision-making provided by participation in these instances. We analyzed the communication processes that occurred in this forum, since the preparation of the agenda, the debate, the establishment of conflict, consensus, communication tactics on the part of its members to disseminate the results deliberative. Monitoring and analysis of these processes allowed us to better understand the operation, the challenges, possibilities and limitations of this type of social control in the health field. It was a study with qualitative approach and exploratory, the case study. The corpus of the analysis consisted of: eight interviews with the directors (by segment and in equal numbers), participant observation of four regular meetings of that board and analysis of documents (minutes, agendas, decisions / resolutions of the directors and registration forms). Our results indicated that the Council is, structurally, a democratic body open to diverse forms of manifestation and claims of population on health issues. We found that the communication processes (internal and external) related to the deliberative function of the Council are complex and multiple. However, were evidenced by various forms of disability in the internal communication between members, which facilitates the segment manager to impose its logic on the deliberative procedures. With this, to reiterate the asymmetrical relationships between directors. As for the external communication of the Council, its precariousness was evident that no longer make public about what does or does not do, the result is their invisibility in the public sphere before the public bodies and society in general.
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Armey, Michael F. "The influence of traumatic life events, affect, cognitions, emotion regulation processes, and coping on the occurrence of self-injurious behavior: An episodic experiential model." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1248102470.
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Sesone, Johanna, and Annika Adielsson. "From Idea to Impact - A Strategic Process at Mälardalen University." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-744.
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Problem:
To identify how the ideas for the reorganization at Mälardalen University surfaced and explain how the strategy then translated into the organization. This will be studied by using models intended for private organizations that hold relevance for public organizations.
- What parts of the process can be described as emergent, deliberate, intended, realized and unrealized?
- What influenced the reorganization process?
- In this process, how does Mälardalen University use the concept of strategy?
Purpose:
The aim of this thesis is to explain a strategic organizational change process in a large organization. The choice fell on Mälardalen University due to its accessibility and significant size. By interpreting the empirical material, the underlying causes will be brought to the surface. The result will aim to explain how a change process might occur in a large organization and how internal and external influences were reflected in the strategic path.
Method:
The empirical data collected for this thesis was obtained through qualitative semi-structured interviews with organizational members on a managerial level. One focal organization was used for a case study. The theoretical framework had a knowledge base, based on some theories by Henry Mintzberg. After the collection of primary data additional theories were added.
Results:
The reorganization at Mälardalen University was an emergent process where the solutions and impacts were altered and adjusted along the way. In this reorganization the process has been evolving and progressing within a frame created by a few predetermined desires and plans. It also became evident that strategy for Mälardalen University is a way to achieve a position where they can benefit from their competitive advantages. The position is the goal and the way in which to get there is not as important. This has opened up the process to be as emerging as it has been. This emergent process has been allowed to progress in changing directions where decisions are taken as the solutions are found, muddling their way through the process.
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Aldren, Benjamin. "How can one practice in an effective manner and in a way that will cultivate improvement and enjoyment in one’s work?" Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4226.
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In this thesis, I will discuss what good, effective practicing is. The project is of course self-directed, I am my own test subject, however it is my hope that the research conducted in this will be useful to other musicians too.I will write about why we practice, our motivation for doing so, practice for performance, simulating nerves, efficiency and the effect meditation has on practice quality.Master Exam Concert
KMH- Kungasalen 11.30
Rossini- thema e variazioni
Alban Berg- vier stücke
Brahms- sonata in Eb
Ben Aldren- klarinett
Erik Lanninger- piano. Concert recording 52.24
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Landwehrlen-Weill, Agnès. "Débat public et gestion des déchets nucléaires en France : vers une amélioration du processus démocratique entre participation et décision ?" Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ028L.
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L'objet de la recherche concerne la place du débat public dans le processus démocratique de la décision, dans la France du XXIe siècle, appliqué à la problématique de la gestion des déchets radioactifs. L'hypothèse de départ, eu égard aux dispositifs multipliant les formes de débat depuis les années 80, est d'affirmer que la place du débat public est croissante dans les processus de décision et de construction de l'intérêt général. Plus précisément, les travaux se focalisent sur les modes de communication de l'ensemble des acteurs avec leurs publics, qu'il s'agisse du débat public institutionnel, organisé par la Commission nationale du débat public, mais aussi du débat entendu au sens large, évoquant ainsi la désignation générique de tout mode de mise en discussion publique des choix collectifs. Ce qui nous interroge sur la mise en perspective du jeu démocratique entre les différents acteurs, politiques, experts, industriels, administratifs et citoyens "ordinaires", que ce soit au niveau local, à l'exemple d'une installation d'un centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs sur un territoire, ou bien au niveau national, cadre dans lequel la mise en œuvre de l'action publique débouche sur des décisions politiques encadrées par le travail législatif. Cette double problématique interroge les processus de délibération et de décision des pouvoirs publics, concernant le domaine des choix scientifiques et technologiques, puisqu'il s'agit du nucléaire, domaine particulièrement complexe, objet de controverses sociotechniques, puisqu'il comporte des enjeux aussi bien technologiques, que politiques, économiques, sociaux, avec une forte valeur éthique. Il s'agira donc de s'interroger, à travers cette "radiographie" du débat public à la française, sur ses enjeux et ses finalités et sur sa capacité médiatrice entre les acteurs sociaux. Comment agit cette relation ambivalente entre information, communication et participation, quels effets produit-elle sur le processus démocratique de la décision publique, ces questions s'avèrent essentielles pour la compréhension de l'objet d'étude, dans une approche des SIC qui privilégie l'interaction des acteurs avec leur environnementThe purpose of the research is with regards to public debate's place in the decision democratic process in the 21rst century France, and applied to the problematic of the radioactive wastes management. The starting hypothesis, relying on the disposals multiplying debates forms since the 80's, is to assert the increasing place of the public debate in the decision and construction process of the general interest. More precisely, researches focus on the communication modes of the set of the actors and their audiences, involving institutional public debate organized by the National Commission for the Public Debate, but also involving debate in a general meaning, therefore evoking the generic designation of any kind of public discussion about collective choices. What's interrogating us on the put in prospect of the democratic game between all the different actors : political ones, experts, industrial ones, administrative ones and "ordinary" citizens, may it be at a local level (with the example of an installation of a radioactive wastes stocking center on a territory) or else at a national level – frame in which the implementation of the public action results in political decisions framed by legislative work. This double problematic interrogates deliberation and decision processes of the Public Powers, regarding scientific and technologic choices domain, since we're dealing here with nuclear, which is a particularly complex domain, target of many socio-technical controversies, since it contains technological stakes, as well as political, economical and social ones, with a strong ethic value. Here, we'll be dealing with wondering – through this "radiography" of the French public debate – about its stakes and its purposes as well as its mediator ability between social actors
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Valentim, Maria do Socorro. "A representa??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte nos conselhos gestores municipais: uma an?lise a partir da perspectiva das teorias democr?ticas." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM GEST?O DE PROCESSOS INSTITUCIONAIS, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22493.
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O presente trabalho aborda a participa??o da UFRN nos Conselhos Gestores Municipais de Pol?ticas Sociais, atrav?s de estudo de caso de sua representa??o junto ao Conselho Municipal de Educa??o de Natal/RN, como pressuposto do sistema democr?tico-participativo adotado pela Constitui??o Federal de 1988. A pesquisa descritiva, de car?ter transversal, com levantamento de dados junto ao referido Conselho e de entrevista semiestruturada com representantes do Centro de Educa??o da UFRN, membros titulares do CME, teve abordagem qualitativa, para an?lise do conte?do obtido. Para tanto, parte-se do entendimento que ao longo da hist?ria a democracia se consolidou como o sistema pol?tico mais adequado ? organiza??o social, com prote??o aos direitos e liberdades individuais e que a soberania popular firmou-se como fundamento para sua legitimidade. Neste aspecto, a participa??o social se apresenta como uma das ferramentas mais importantes da democracia e verdadeira express?o da soberania popular. Abre-se, portanto, espa?o para a investiga??o dos aspectos democr?ticos envolvidos na representa??o da UFRN junto aos Conselhos, oportunizando a verifica??o de seu papel neste contexto, pelas possibilidades de contribui??o ao processo de democratiza??o do Pa?s. O surgimento dos conselhos gestores de pol?ticas sociais revela a for?a da participa??o do cidad?o na interven??o e na formula??o das pol?ticas p?blicas, com o objetivo de aumentar sua efici?ncia por meio do controle social. Portanto, esta pesquisa debru?ou-se sobre as teorias democr?ticas para analisar de que forma elas podem contribuir para o aprimoramento dos conselhos gestores, bem como o papel da Academia neste sentido. Detectou-se nas atividades do Conselho certa influ?ncia do Executivo Municipal, limitando a autonomia de suas atividades e a amplitude do alcance das delibera??es ali desencadeadas. Quanto ? cadeira da UFRN no CME de Natal, n?o se configura em uma representa??o total e ampla da Institui??o, restringe-se ao Centro de Educa??o e torna-se comprometida ao passo em que faltam discuss?es na Universidade acerca de seu posicionamento frente ?s quest?es a serem deliberadas naquela inst?ncia. Conclui-se que se faz necess?rio maior destaque para as representa??es sociais nos conselhos gestores e melhores condi??es para ampla participa??o dos membros da Universidade nestes espa?os, objetivando alcan?ar reais possibilidades de contribui??o e efetivo exerc?cio da delibera??o p?blica.
This paper discusses the UFRN participation in the Councils Municipal Managers of Social Policies through a case study of its representation in the Municipal Board of Education in Natal / RN, as the democratic participatory system assumption adopted by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The descriptive search, as a transversal character, with data collection gathered in the Council and by semi-structured interviews with representatives of the UFRN Education Center, as well with the effective members of CME, will have a qualitative approach to analyze the obtained content. Therefore, we start understanding that throughout history democracy has become the political system best suited to the social organization, protection of individual rights and freedoms and that popular sovereignty has established itself as the foundation for its legitimacy. In this respect, social participation is presented as one of the most important tools of democracy and true expression of popular sovereignty. Therefore, it opens up space for research of democratic aspects involved in the representation of UFRN close to the Councils, providing opportunities to check its role in this context, the contribution of possibilities to the country's democratization process. The emergence of social policies management councils reveals the strength of citizen participation in the intervention and the formulation of public policies, in order to increase their efficiency through social control. Therefore, this study focused on democratic theories to analyze how they can contribute to the improvement of management councils, as well as the role of the Academy in this regard. A certain influence of the Municipal Executive was detected in the activities of the Council, limiting the autonomy of its activities and the amplitude of the scope of the deliberations initiated there. About the UFRN's chair at the CME in Natal, it does not constitute a full and wide representation of the Institution, it is confined to the Education Center and is compromised at a time when there are no discussions at the University about its positioning on the issues to be addressed Deliberated in that instance. It is concluded that it is necessary to emphasize social representations in the management councils and better conditions for broad participation of the members of the University in these spaces, aiming to reach real possibilities of contribution and effective exercise of public deliberation.
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Morawski, Jan. "Mellan frihet och kontroll : Om läroplanskonstruktioner i svensk skola." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6366.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore how different competing discourses in the historical context of the Swedish education development have qualified and disqualified different constructions of national curriculum. How and after what kind of principles is the curriculum constructed? What qualify who are going to be recognized as the author and addressee of the curriculum? These key ques-tions of the study are discussed in the first part of the thesis. My point of depar-ture is that the curriculum can be understood as a relation between freedom and control. In an educational system this relationship reflects the problematic ten-sion between the external demands from an authoritative center and the local need to independently reflect over educational issues. How these concepts are defined by the prevailing social discourses affect specific relations and construc-tions of curricula as a steering tool and a producer of specific teacher identities. In this sense, I claim that curriculum is constructed in different ways depending on which of the didactic questions are emphasized and answered and who is judged as the legitimate author. Based on this, three models of curriculum con-struction are formulated; the content based, the result based and the process based. These models are subsequently used as an analytical tool to examine the historical development of Swedish national curricula. The second part of the thesis investigates the Swedish education system and the production of the national curriculum as a product of rival discourses. The historical investigation begins 1842 when the first state curriculum was issued and the inquiry concludes in 2008. The findings indicate that no one single con-struction has been totally dominant and that there has been an on-going discur-sive struggle between different alternative and opinions about what teachers must do and be.
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Bittencourt, Mariana. "L’évaluation de la durabilité des bâtiments universitaires : une application d'un outil multi-critères et participatif pour soutenir le processus de prise de décision." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV080/document.
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Les bâtiments universitaires en France ont énormément de défis pour atteindre aux exigences de transition écologique pour la croissance verte. En même temps sont des éléments clés pour la propagation des objectives du développent durable à l'échelle du bâtiment, du campus universitaire et de la ville. Les universités sont des institutions capables de promouvoir des changements dans la société, mais aussi sont des institutions qui ont besoin de changer. En d'autres termes, avant d'être un modèle pour la société, les universités devraient mettre en œuvre un comportement durable favorisant des pratiques durables dans le campus. Il est possible d'affirmer que la consommation énergétique, les émissions de CO2 et le manque d'intégration avec la ville sont les problèmes majeurs auxquels font face les universités françaises.Actuellement, l'implantation de stratégies pour améliorer la performance de durabilité dans les bâtiments font face à de nombreux défis, parmi eux le manque d'expérience et d'information pour soutenir la prise de décision. Un outil participatif d'aide à la décision a été développé et testé pour mesurer la performance des stratégies de la rénovation du bâtiment Aile Sud de la Bergerie Nationale. La performance des stratégies de la rénovation du bâtiment Aile Sud a été évalué et des solutions pour améliorer sa performance ont été suggérées dans une approche d'amélioration continueIn France, the university buildings have significant challenges to meet the environmental transition requirements for green growth. At the same time, they are key elements for the spread of the sustainable development objectives at the building, the university campus, and the city scale. Universities are institutions capable of promoting changes in society, but also are institutions that need to be changed. In other words, before being a model for society, universities should implement sustainable behavior through the promotion of sustainable practices on campus. It is possible to say that energy consumption, CO2 emissions and lack of integration with the city are the major problems faced by French universities.Nowadays, the sustainable strategies implementation to improve buildings performance faces many challenges, including the lack of experience and information to support decision-making. A participatory tool for support decision-making was developed and tested to measure the performance of the ‘Aile Sud’ building renovation strategies in the Bergerie Nationale. The performance of the ‘Aile Sud’ building renovation strategies was assessed, and some recommendations for performance improvement were suggested in a continuous improvement approach
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Cardi, Quentin. "Les normes de la démocratie à l'épreuve de la participation citoyenne numérique institutionnalisée : une étude de l'appropriation du numérique par le politique dans le cadre des processus de participation citoyenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H200/document.
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Cette thèse étudie la manière dont les institutions utilisent les procédures numériques dans leur application des processus participatifs, afin d'analyser comment cette utilisation peut résoudre certains des problèmes liés à la démocratie participative que nous nommerons « traditionnelle ». L'exemple du Budget Participatif de Paris, notamment, rend possible la mise en valeur d'une nouvelle manière de concevoir la citoyenneté (qui insiste sur le rôle direct du citoyen dans les procédures de prise de décision, voire même qui lui permet de prendre des décisions de manière autonome), la représentation (par une représentation casuelle et ponctuelle) et la délibération (qui motive le questionnement des phénomènes d'agrégation dans les processus de prise de décision collective et l'étude de la valeur attribuée à de tels phénomènes). Ce travail cherche à ouvrir la voie, d'une manière réflexive, à un éventail d'opportunités qui seraient permises par l'utilisation des outils numériques dans le contexte de la perception, par nature évolutive, des problèmes de la démocratieThis thesis examines the way in which institutions use digital in their application of participatory procedures, in order to analyze how this use can solve some of the problems associated with the elements of democratic participation we frame as ''traditional''. The example of the Participatory Budget of Paris, in particular, makes it possible to highlight a new way of conceiving citizenship (which stresses the direct role of citizens in the decision making process or even autonomous decision-making on their part), representation (through case-based representation) and deliberation (which motivates the questioning of aggregation phenomena in collective decision-making processes and a study of the value ascribed to such phenomena). This work is intended to pave the way, in a reflective manner, for a widened spectrum of opportunities to be gained from the use of digital tools, in the context of a substantially evolving perception of democracy issues
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Richebourg, Camille. "Participations citoyennes au processus de réforme foncière au Sénégal (2010-2017) : TerriStories, un jeu de rôles et de simulations pour faire délibérer des paysans ?" Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0067.
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Ce travail de recherche analyse les dispositifs participatifs mis en place pour contribuer à la réforme foncière rurale au Sénégal. Il porte plus particulièrement sur l’analyse d’un jeu de rôles et de simulations issu de la démarche ComMod, appelé TerriStories, conceptualisé par un chercheur français et mis en œuvre par une ONG sénégalaise entre 2012 et 2015. Cette thèse fait d'abord une lecture historique des politiques foncières depuis l’indépendance, discutant la façon dont, aux différentes étapes, les connaissances sur les dynamiques foncières et les points de vue des acteurs du monde rural ont été ou non pris en compte et par quelles médiations. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux débats contemporains (2010-2017) et à la diversité des dispositifs mis en place, “l’offre publique de participation” incarnée par la Commission Nationale de Réforme Foncière co-existant avec des initiatives liées à des organisations paysannes et une ONG. Afin de distinguer ces dispositifs entre eux, leur “intention participative” est explicitée et mise à l’épreuve du design conceptuel du dispositif : type de public suscité, modes d’interactions privilégié, degré d’ouverture du débat et influence de celui-ci sur le processus décisionnel. Une telle analyse permet de mettre en avant l’originalité du dispositif TerriStories, dont la conception se veut émancipatrice et cherche à éviter le contrôle expert des dispositifs participatifs en offrant l’opportunité aux acteurs ruraux de débattre autour de leurs propres catégories. L’analyse de la genèse de cet outil et de sa mobilisation sur le dossier foncier permet de comprendre les ambitions délibératives qu’il prétend incarner. Les chapitres suivant mettent à l’épreuve cette ambition délibérative : d’abord en analysant la mise en œuvre des ateliers sur le terrain, le choix des participants, la dynamique du jeu et le rôle de l’animateur ; puis en étudiant à partir des transcriptions des débats, la façon dont les joueurs échangent, argumentent et font des choix. De manière exploratoire, ce travail mobilise les théories de l’argumentation pour décrypter des séquences d’échanges, et montrer qu’il y a effectivement échanges d’arguments pour tenter de convaincre, ce qui correspond à la définition de la délibération ou, en tout cas, à l’une d’entre elles. Dans le jeu, les acteurs ruraux parviennent à se mettre d’accord sur les principes de justice qu’ils souhaiteraient pour la gouvernance des terres, et en particulier les modalités d’accueil d’investisseurs externes, un enjeu crucial des projets de réforme. Cette analyse du dispositif TerriStories montre également que la démarche a été bricolée, mise en œuvre partiellement, et en particulier que les étapes ultérieures aux ateliers villageois, censées permettre une remontée de ces principes paysans dans les arènes de débat sur la réforme, n’ont pas pu être réalisées, ou l’ont été d’une façon qui redonne le pouvoir aux expertsIn this research work, we analyze the participatory dispositives implemented to contribute to the rural land reform in Senegal. More specifically, we focus on TerriStories, a role-playing and simulation game that stems from the ComMod approach, conceptualized by a French researcher and deployed by a Senegalese NGO from 2012 to 2015. We start by stating a historical vision of land policies after the independence, discussing how, at various stages, knowledge on land dynamics and rural actors' viewpoints were or were not taken into account and through which mediation. Then, we focus on contemporary debates (2010-2017) and the various dispositives implemented: the public participation offer embodied by the National Land Reform Commission in coexistence with dispositives initiated by a peasant organization and a NGO. To distinguish between these dispositives, we investigate and assess their participatory intention through a detailed study of their conceptual designs: type of public, interaction modes, openness of the debates and influence on the decision process. Such an analysis demonstrates how original the TerriStories dispositive is: its conception is meant to empower stakeholders by avoiding control of experts and enabling rural actors to debate using their own categories. Analyzing the genesis of TerriStories and its use on the land reform problem allows to understand the deliberative ambitions it aims to embody. In the subsequent chapters, we test this deliberative ambition. First, we discuss the workshop settings in the field, the choice of participants, the game dynamics and the animator's role. Then, based on the transcription of the debates, we study how players exchange, argue, make choices. In a rather exploratory way, we mobilize argumentation theories to decrypt exchange sequences to show that the game allows the exchange of arguments that aim at convincing, which coincides with the definition of deliberation, at least to one of them. And – in the game –, rural actors reach agreements on the justice principles they wish to see for the governance of their land, in particular regarding the welcome system for external investors, one of the key elements of land reform. Also, we show that the approach was tinkered and only partially implemented. In particular, the steps following the village workshops, supposedly enabling those peasant principles to reach the top debate land reform arenas, could not be organized, or were in such a way that the experts took over again
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Faria, Cristiano Ferri Soares de. "O parlamento participativo do Século XXI: pode o povo ajudar os parlamentares a fazerem leis melhores?" Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4698.
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A partir da perspectiva teórica de que o fortalecimento da democracia representativa vincula-s ao desenvolvimento da democracia participativa, este trabalho visa a analisar o
exercício da participação política por meio do uso de ferramentas de tecnologia de informação e comunicação (TICs) no que se refere à elaboração de políticas públicas
durante o processo legislativo. Além de avaliar outras experiências internacionais com esse intuito, o presente trabalho tem como base a realização de estudos de caso referentes a práticas participativas digitais desenvolvidas por parlamentos, em especial sobre o Programa e-Democracia da Câmara dos Deputados brasileira e o Projeto Senador Virtual
do Senado chileno. Por meio de metodologia qualitativa, o estudo concluiu que tais projetos apresentam resultados ainda incipientes quanto à melhoria de representatividade
na tomada de decisão, de agregação de inteligência coletiva no processo legislativo e de transparência da atuação parlamentar, elementos caros à democracia participativa e
deliberativa. Não obstante, essas experiências têm o mérito de contribuir para a construção gradual de mecanismos participativos mais efetivos e complementares ao sistema de
representação políticaDeparting from the theoretical standpoint in which the strengthening of representative democracy is related to the development of participatory democracy, this research aims to analyze information and communication technology experiments of political participation in policymaking. Besides evaluating mini-practices worldwide in this regard, we intend to study cases of digital participation developed by parliaments, specially the e-Democracia Program from Brazilian House of Representatives and the Senador Virtual Project from Chilean Senate House. By adopting qualitative methodology, this work concludes that such practices have just offered preliminary progresses for increasing representativeness in decision-making, aggregating collective intelligence in lawmaking and developing transparency over the behavior of legislators in the mandate, key aspects of the participatory and deliberative democracy. However, those practices contribute to the gradual construction of a more effective participatory mechanism that complements the system of political representation
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Zhang, Yi. "L'explicitation en traduction littéraire : étude de quatre traductions chinoises du Père Goriot parues entre 1944 et 2017." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0007.
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Cette thèse se propose d’étudier le phénomène de l’explicitation en traduction littéraire à partir d’un corpus constitué de quatre traductions chinoises du Père Goriot parues entre 1944 et 2017. Nous avons d’abord tenté de définir l’explicitation en distinguant les trois origines du phénomène, et de dresser une typologie des implicites qui ont suscité des interventions d’explicitation dans notre corpus. Ensuite, en mettant en parallèle quatre traductions chinoises parues à des époques différentes, nous avons fait ressortir l’historicité des implicites. Au cours de la période en question, plusieurs facteurs extratextuels conditionnent la mise en œuvre de l’explicitation : les normes de traduction, les visées de traduction, le lectorat cible, les politiques éditoriales, les points de vue des traducteurs sur leur pratique etc. Enfin, nous avons procédé à l’analyse textuelle des quatre traductions. Les traducteurs montrent des motivations d’explicitation différentes. Nous envisageons la stratégie d’explicitation comme un terme générique enveloppant des formes d’explicitation diverses et concrètes. Dans notre corpus, l’explicitation remplit des fonctions distinctes : elle relève parfois des interventions délibérées du traducteur et revêt une visée érudite ; elle peut constituer l’étayage d’une traduction, engendrant un changement fonctionnel de l’original ; elle peut être considérée comme un processus dynamique où le traducteur perfectionne son apport de savoirs pertinents ; elle peut comporter une visée vulgarisatrice à destination de groupes de lecteurs particuliers ; elle permet également au traducteur de déployer sa créativité et d’investir sa subjectivité dans la traductionThe present thesis explores the phenomenon of explicitation in literary translation by using a large corpus of four Chinese translations of Le Père Goriot published between 1944 and 2017. First, it aims at defining the phenomenon of explicitation by its three origins and identifying the typology of implicit elements that have given rise to the interventions of explicitation in the corpus. Second, by comparing the four Chinese translations realized in different periods, the thesis highlights the historical character of implicit elements. During the period covered by the present thesis, several extratextual factors present constraints on the application of explicitation: translation norms, translation project, target readership, editorial politics, translators’ points of view on their practice etc. Finally, the thesis sets out to undertake textual analyses on the four translations. Translators demonstrate different motivations of explicitation. The thesis considers explicitation as a generic term gathering together diverse and concrete forms of explicitation. In the corpus, explicitation assumes distinct functions: it sometimes falls under the translator’s deliberate interventions and bears a scholarly aim ; it sometimes constitutes the “support” of a translation, entailing changes of the original work’s function ; it can be considered as a dynamic process in which the translator polishes the skills for providing relevant knowledge ; it can aim at disseminating knowledge for particular groups of readers ; it also allows the translator to deploy his creativity and invest his subjectivity in the translation
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Bouchet, Nicolas. "La négociation multilatérale de l'aide aux Etats fragiles : constructions d'agendas et stratégies d'influence au Comité d'aide au déveloeppement de l'OCDE." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40057/document.
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Les modes de négociation au CAD de l'OCDE sont organisés autour de la règle du consensus et d'un processus itératif conduit entre pairs. Ces modes de négociation ont produit la notion d'Etat fragile de 2004 à 2010, idée prête à l'usage et prête à être étendue par ses promoteurs initiaux comme par tous les représentants de bailleurs de fonds qui choisissent de s'y investir. La notion et l'agenda concernant les Etats fragiles entrent en 2005 dans la course à la démonstration de la légitimité de l'aide publique au développement comme des compléments nécessaires et comme des concurrents à l'agenda de l'effocacité de l'aide. Cependant les mêmes modes de négociations ainsi que les contraintes organisationnelles et normatives rencontrées dans les bureaucraties de l'aide qui participent à cette construction ont tendu à normaliser le contenu et à limiter la transposition politique et bureaucratique de ce nouvel agenda. Au sein du CAD, ces contraintes diminuent également la portée des tenants de l'agenda Etats fragiles qui doivent faire face à des normes établies. Cet agenda a cependant pu être diffusé rapidement en raison de sa malléabilité, de la nature proinstitutionnelle de son argumentaire et du risque normatif et politique relativement faible qu'il fait prendre aux acteurs qui s'en servent pour promouvoir leurs propres visions stratégiques de l'aide publique au développement. Dans ce contexte, le CAD constitue une arène internationale de négociation où s'analyse l'action organisée des représentants de bureaucraties bilatérales et multilatéralesLModes of negotiation OECD DAC are organized around the rule of consensus and an iterative process led peer. These modes of negotiation produced the concept of fragile state from 2004 to 2010, an idea ready to use and ready to be extended by its promoters as the original by all representatives of donors who choose to invest. The concept and agenda for fragile states come into the race in 2005 to demonstrate the legitimacy of official development assistance as necessary complements and as competitors on the agenda of the effocacité help. However the same modes of negotiation and organizational constraints and normative encountered in aid bureaucracies involved in this construction have tended to standardize the content and limit the political and bureaucratic implementation of this new agenda. In the DAC, these constraints also reduce the scope of the proponents of the fragile states agenda should deal with established standards. This agenda has yet been released quickly because of its malleability, nature proinstitutionnelle of its arguments and the normative and political risk he is taking relatively small actors who use them to promote their own strategic visions of the official development assistance. In this context, the DAC is an international trading arena where analysis of organized action by representatives of bilateral and multilateral bureaucracies
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Eudes-Feki, Maroua. "La justice dans les histoires tragiques de Pierre Boaistuau et François de Belleforest (1559-1582)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR134.
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Au XVIe siècle, nous assistons à deux types de récits criminels : dans la presse, les faits divers, produits sous la forme de « canards », et dans la littérature, les histoires tragiques, forme narrative brève essentiellement véridique et à tonalité pathétique. Lorsque Pierre Boaistuau, appelé aussi Launay, publie Les Histoires tragiques, il sélectionne six récits parmi les Novelle de Matteo Bandello. Le travail de Boaistuau ne se limite pas à la traduction de ces textes mais également à la fondation d’un genre qu’est l’histoire tragique. François de Belleforest, son ami, en poursuit la traduction et en varie les sources ; il publie entre 1559 et 1582 sept volumes d’histoires tragiques. Notre étude porte sur la justice, un thème clé pour comprendre les textes de ces deux auteurs. En effet, leurs récits révèlent un intérêt particulier pour les différentes formes de justice (humaine, naturelle et divine), pour le procès judiciaire et ses protagonistes. Nous analysons tous ces points ainsi que le thème de la transgression à travers différents crimes, principalement les crimes de paillardise (« macquerellage », rapt, viol et adultère). Notre réflexion porte également sur le châtiment et ses fonctions ainsi que sur le comportement du condamné au moment de son exécution. Enfin, nous nous intéressons aux stratégies discursives déployées par nos auteurs notamment à la rhétorique judiciaire et à la rhétorique délibérative. Les enjeux soulevés à travers l’étude du discours rhétorique permettent d’explorer les liens entre le discours judiciaire et le discours politique et donc entre justice et politique. Somme toute, la dernière partie de notre travail permet de cerner les rapports entre rhétorique, justice et politiqueIn the sixteenth century, two types of criminal narratives predominate: short news items in the press, printed separately as canards, and brief narrative literary forms that constitute the tragic story genre, combining truth with a tone of pathos. When Pierre Boaistuau, also called Launay, publishes Les Histoires tragiques, he selects six stories from Matteo Bandello’s Novelle. Boaistuau's work is not limited to the translation of these texts but also establishes the tragic story genre. His friend François de Belleforest continues the translation and varies the sources; between 1559 and 1582 he published seven volumes of tragic stories. My thesis focuses on justice, a key theme for understanding the texts of these two authors. Indeed, their stories reveal a particular interest in the different forms of justice (human, natural and divine), in the judicial process and in its protagonists. I analyze all these points as well as the theme of transgression through an examination of various crimes, mainly crimes of debauchery ("macquerellage" –sex trafficking–, abduction, rape and adultery). I also consider the different functions of punishment as well as the behavior of the convicted person at the time of execution. Finally, I am interested in the discursive strategies deployed by these authors, including judicial rhetoric and deliberative rhetoric. The issues raised through the study of rhetoric make it possible to explore the links between judicial discourse and political discourse and therefore between justice and politics. The summative, final part of our work further elucidates the relationships between rhetoric, justice and politics
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Holm, Cyril. "F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236890.
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The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection.
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Stockwell, Stephen. "Rhetoric and democracy: deliberative opportunities in current electoral processes." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/836.
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In moving beyond the dichotomy between representative and participatory models of democracy, contemporary democratic theory has drawn out the crucial role of deliberation in the effective operation of democratic institutions. However, while various theorists show that deliberation is applied to democratic effect in an assortment of arrangements (such as interpersonal relationships, new social movements and international negotiations), there appears to be a hesitation in theorising the means to improve the deliberative functioning of currently existing representative institutions. This thesis argues that despite the many limitations of representative democracy, and of the mass media which act as its key deliberative forum, currently existing models of representative democracy still offer formal and practical opportunities for collective deliberation in rhetorical exchanges among citizens, particularly, but by no means exclusively, in the course of the election campaign. Consideration of recent democratic theory suggests that the quantity and quality of democratic deliberation in a range of particular situations may be assessed against a set of criteria: access, transparency, feedback and coordination. For citizens to make use of the deliberative opportunities raised by the election campaign requires, it is argued, the creation of a contemporary rhetoric. This thesis addresses that process by reviewing the roots of rhetorical practice and theory in tribal and bardic methods used to produce social cohesion, in the activities of the Sophists in Greek, and particularly Athenian, direct democracy and in the practical reason of Aristotle's seminal text. This thesis then proceeds to consider the rhetorical techniques, employed in two recent election campaigns, which overcame the preconceptions of academic and media commentators to produce "upset" results by successfully engaging, it is argued, the citizen-audience in a meta-narrative of rhetorical exchange. From consideration of these three case studies, an account of a rhetoric emerges as a technical and instrumental discipline. While a contemporary version of political rhetoric may be derived from campaign practices in the electoral context, that rhetoric is also capable of utilising the mass media for much broader deliberative purposes and the potential for marginal and critical political forces to apply these activities more widely is explored. Central to the development of new, deliberative accounts of rhetoric is a return to Aristotle to appreciate the ethical import of rhetoric. A contemporary approach to rhetoric, arising from an emerging account of citizenship as participatory, deliberative, global and "media-active" is considered.
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Lee, Wan-Ju, and 李宛儒. "Public Participation in Urban Development Processes—a Comparison of Deliberative Democracy and Urban Social Movement Participation Experiences in Neihu." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28371951160927405725.
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Stafinski, Tania. "Social values and their role in allocating resources for new health technologies." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1478.
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Every healthcare system faces unlimited demands and limited resources, creating a need to make decisions that may limit access to some new, potentially effective technologies. It has become increasingly clearer that such decisions are more than technical ones. They require social value judgements - statements of the publics distributive preferences for healthcare across the population. However, these value judgements largely remain ill-defined. The purpose of this thesis was to explicate distributive preferences of the public to inform funding/coverage decisions on new health technologies. It contains six papers. The first comprises a systematic review of current coverage processes around the world, including value assumptions embedded within them. The second paper presents findings from an expert workshop and key-informant interviews with senior-level healthcare decision-makers in Canada. A technology funding decision-making framework, informed by the results of the first paper and the experiences of these decision-makers, was developed. Their input also highlighted the lack of and need for information on values that reflect those of the Canadian public. The third paper provides a systematic review of empirical studies attempting to explicate distributive preferences of the public. It also includes an analysis of social value arguments found in appeals to negative coverage decisions. From the results of both components, possible approaches to eliciting social values from the public and a list of factors around which distributive preferences may be sought were compiled. Such factors represented characteristics of unique, competing patient populations. Building on findings from the third paper, the fourth paper describes a citizens jury held to explicate distributive preferences for new health technologies in Alberta, Canada. The jury involved a broadly representative sample of the public, who participated in decision simulation exercises involving trade-offs between patient populations characterized by different combinations of factors. A list of preference statements, demonstrating interactions among such factors, emerged. The fifth and sixth papers address methodological issues related to citizens juries, including the comparability of findings from those carried out in the same way but with different samples of the public, and the extent to which they changed the views of individuals who participate in them.
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Lopes, Carlos Miguel Correia. "Uma Reconstrução Deliberativa do Processo Constituinte Europeu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35929.
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Nash, Simon Joseph. "Integrating citizens' agendas in New Zealand local government environmental planning and decision-making : an examination of two wastewater planning processes and implications for deliberative democracy : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Policy at Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/780.
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This research considers the problem of ensuring citizens having meaningful opportunities to provide input in local government environmental planning and decision-making. Planning processes are often as much a product of uncertain human behaviours as they are the result of rational activity and formal institutional arrangements. Both the conduct and outcomes of these processes are heavily influenced by conflicts between actors’ underlying perspectives, yet these perspectives are hard to define and their influence is very poorly understood by researchers. Instead, local government research focuses almost exclusively on institutional arrangements and substantive debates over physical resources. This research focuses on the influence of epistemological and procedural dimensions of actors’ perspectives on the integration of citizens’ agendas in environmental planning and decision-making in New Zealand local government. From a deliberative democratic perspective, I examine obstacles to the conduct of an effective integrative process and consider possible practical and theoretical responses. The research studies two local government wastewater planning processes. It combines Q-methodology with interviews, observation and documentary analysis. This approach allows me to identify actors’ subjective perspectives and to consider their influence on planning and decision-making. This combination of methods has not previously been used in local government research in New Zealand. The research shows that while conflicts between actors’ perspectives pose significant barriers to the integration of citizens’ agendas, they can also offer opportunities for addressing those barriers. Integration is clearly limited by a positivist, rationalist perspective that privileges objectivity in knowledge and planning practices. Integration is further limited by a competitive adversarial perspective. Nevertheless, there is also potential where deliberative perspectives are present that are more value-critical and that seek intersubjective understanding of actors’ inputs. Such compromise-seeking perspectives contribute to more communicatively rational planning and more legitimate and durable decisions. The thesis argues that councils should foster a change among actors towards a more deliberative perspective and should champion such behaviour themselves. Such change is often obstructed by the tacit, unacknowledged, yet persistent, nature of most actors’ perspectives. The thesis concludes that while transformation of perspectives is unrealistic, a more communicatively rational planning approach is achievable as a basis for legitimate decisions that more effectively integrate citizens’ agendas.
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Silva, Rogério Eduardo da. "Creating partly autonomous expressive virtual actors for computer animation." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30295.
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Tese de doutoramento em Tecnologias e
Sistemas de InformaçãoAutonomous digital actors represent the next stage in the animation industry in its search for novel processes for authoring character-based animations. In this research, we have conducted a literature review on the art of acting, to obtain an understanding of how apprentice actors learn their skills; this has enabled us to draw up a list of requirements for a proposed autonomous agent architecture for digital actors. The purpose of this was to suggest an improvement in the current technology on digital actors and the way \believable" characters are used by the game and animation industries. Our solution considers three main layers in terms of what skills autonomous actors should display: rst, they should be able to interpret script representations autonomously; second, there is a deliberation phase which aims at implementing an agent architecture to work out suitable ways of enacting the previously interpreted script and third, these enactments are translated into animation commands that are suitable for a given animation engine. We have outlined four versions for this virtual actors' framework, the third of which resulted in a prototype built using the Python language, for evaluation. The nal solution is a prototype that meets the list of requirements that were listed at the outset of the research. Although determining the best process for creating autonomous digital actors remains an open question, we believe that this thesis provides a better understanding of some of its components, and can lead towards the development of the rst fully functional autonomous digital actor.
Atores Digitais Autónomos representam o próximo avanço para a indústria da animação, em sua busca por novos processos de autoria de animações baseadas em personagens. Nesta investigação, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura relativamente a arte da atuação cénica, afim de se obter uma melhor compreensão acerca de como atores aprendizes aprendem suas competências; isto nos permitiu produzir uma lista de requisitos para uma arquitetura para agentes autónomos que atuem como atores digitais. O objetivo disto era sugerir melhorias na tecnologia atual de atores digitais e na maneira como personagens \credíveis" são utilizados pelas indústrias de jogos e animações. Nossa solução considera três camadas principais em termos de quais habilidades os atores autónomos deveriam demonstrar: primeiramente, eles deveriam ser capazes de interpretar uma representação abstrata de um roteiro de forma autónoma; a seguir, existe uma etapa de deliberação cujo objetivo é implementar uma arquitetura de agentes para determinar maneiras adequadas de atuação para o roteiro previamente interpretado; e por ultimo, tais atuações são então traduzidas em comandos de animação reconhecíveis por uma dada ferramenta de animação. Foram desenvolvidas quatro versões para este modelo de atores virtuais, sendo que a terceira delas resultou em um protótipo construído na linguagem Python, para avaliação. A solução final é um protótipo que atende a todos os critérios previstos pela lista de requisitos inicialmente proposta por esta investigação. Apesar do fato de que encontrar as melhores práticas de construção de atores digitais autónomos permanecer como uma questão em aberto, acredita-se que esta tese fornece uma melhor compreensão sobre alguns de seus componentes, e com isso aponta caminhos em direção ao desenvolvimento do primeiro ator digital autónomo, plenamente funcional.
Santa Catarina State University (UDESC)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
Centro de Computação Gráfica (CCG)
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Augusto, Hugo Miguel Garcia Murtinheira da Silveira. "Pensamento estratégico: estudos das novas empresas de base tecnológica." Master's thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15492.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialA evolução das diferentes formas de pensar sobre o desenvolvimento da estratégia acompanhou as mudanças na envolvente, no interior das empresas e nos indivíduos. Em cada década, os temas dominantes sobre Estratégia vão-se alterando, permitindo incorporar novas formas de pensar na resolução de problemas de natureza estratégica. A Estratégia é um processo, e só pode ser gerido com sucesso, se for compreendido pelos gestores da Organização. A compreensão das várias perspectivas sobre o que é ou o que deve ser a Estratégia permite reduzir a dificuldade na gestão estratégica. Neste sentido, apresenta-se uma sugestão do conceito de Pensamento Estratégico, enquanto, faculdade de pensar como a Análise, Experiência e Criatividade influenciam o desenvolvimento da estratégia. Por dedução, consegue-se resumir os vários modos de pensar, em três lentes da Estratégia (Análise, Experiência e Criatividade), que não são prescrições sobre a melhor forma de actuar, mas conceitos baseados em teorias que melhoram o poder de julgamento das pessoas envolvidas no processo de desenvolvimento da estratégia. O estudo procura medir o Pensamento Estratégico das NEBT, defendo-se que a clarificação e sistematização do conceito Pensamento Estratégico poderá contribuir para a sustentabilidade das NEBT e respectivo impacto no sistema de inovação nacional, através da melhoria do poder de julgamento dos gestores e redução da dificuldade da gestão estratégica nas NEBT. Para submeter a teste as deduções sugeridas, realizou-se um inquérito em que apenas 12% da população inquirida respondeu ao questionário, o que não permitiu obter resultados estatisticamente significativos. Neste sentido, propõe-se o trabalho realizado como uma abordagem metodológica para investigação futura sobre os mesmos fenómenos. No entanto, a análise dos dados da amostra, permitiu inferir que o Pensamento Estratégico das NEBT é homogéneo, ou seja, existe uma combinação de processos deliberados e emergentes que pode ser distintivo a outro tipo de empresas.
The evolution of the ways of thinking strategy development carne along with the changes in the environment, organizations and individuais. ln each decade, the dominant themes ab'out Strategy changed, allowing the incorporation of different ways of thinking into the resolution of strategic nature problems. Strategy is a process, and it can only be managed, if it is understood by Organizations managers. The understanding of the various perspectives about what is or should be the Strategy enables to minimize the difficulty in strategic management. ln this sense, it is presented a suggestion for the concept of Strategic Thought, as an ability of thinking how Analysis, Experience and Creativity influence strategy development. By deduction, it's possible to resume the different ways of thinking, in three lenses of Strategy (Analysis, Experience and Creativity), which aren't prescriptions of the best way to perform, but concepts based in theories that improve the judgment of the people involved in the strategy development process. This study tries to measure Strategic Thought in New Technology-based Firms (NTBF), defending that the clarification and systematization of this concept will contribute to the NTBF sustainability and thus, impact on the national system of innovation, by improving the judgrnent of managers and minimizing strategic management complexity. To test these deductions, it was realized a survey to which only 12% of the inquired population replied, not allowing obtaining statistically significant results. ln this sense, this study is proposed as a methodology approach for future research on the sarne objects. Nonetheless, the analysis of the sample data, permits to infer that the Strategic Thought of NTBF is homogeneous, which means, that exists a combination of I deliberate and emergent processes that might be distinctive from other type of compames.
N/A
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Ortiz, de Guinea Lopez de Arana Ana. "Alternative takes on information systems post-adoption behaviors : the deliberative, the ecological, and the emotional." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1371.
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This thesis concerns individuals’ behaviors with Information Systems (IS) once an application has been applied by users in accomplishing their work activity. Despite research on IS acceptance and continuance, little is known about individuals’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes and their associated outcomes after the initial adoption of a system. My research aims to address this shortcoming. In doing so, this dissertation combines novel theories – the ecological perspective based on ecological psychology and the emotional perspective based on neuroscience, physiological, and psychological research – with the current IS post-adoption literature – the deliberative perspective – to the study of IS use as an ongoing behavioral process that unfolds over time.
Two studies were conducted to investigate these processes and outcomes. The first study used an experience sampling method. Employees of different organizations who used IS for their work were asked to carry a booklet and a pager for two weeks. Every time they were paged, they were asked to fill out both open-ended and close-ended questions about their feelings, thoughts and performance at the moment in the booklet. The second study followed an experimental design in order to investigate the phenomena of interest in a more controlled environment. The experiment combined multiple sources of data: such as protocol analysis, heart rate data, and analysis of behaviors through video coding. The overall results from both studies suggest that users do not think about the IS nor experience feelings related to the IS unless they are facing a difficulty with it (e.g., an error). Furthermore, the results indicate affective and physiological changes following difficulties with an IS as well as changes in cognitive and behavioral processes. Finally, the results show a relation between these affective processes and self-reported performance, and a relation between some of the cognitive and behavioral processes and both objective and self-reported performance.
Overall, this thesis provides a refreshing theoretical and empirical examination of the various events, processes and associated outcomes involved during actual IS use. The two empirical studies provide support for the theory of post-adoption IS use developed in this thesis. Finally, this thesis suggests exciting opportunities for future research.Thesis (Ph.D, Management) -- Queen's University, 2008-08-27 09:00:57.168
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Chu, Mei Chen, and 朱美珍. "The Ideal and Practice of Curriculum Deliberation: A Study of the Review Processes of Taiwan’s Social Studies Textbooks for Secondary Schools." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22624220904678088702.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系
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This study investigated the dynamic processes involved in Taiwan’s review system of social studies textbooks. Based on the theoretical assumptions of curriculum deliberation and the critical theory of curriculum, the present study explored the power relationship and cultural reproduction in the review system, as well as the discrepancies between the ideal and the practice of the system. Further analysis was done on the curriculum deliberation mode reflected in the textbook review system. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 people, including textbook reviewing committee members, NICT administrators, textbook editorial personnel, and publishers’ editorial staffs. The interview questions covered the interactions between reviewers and editors, the contextual and internal factors affecting the functioning of the review processes, and other related issues. Grounded theory analysis techniques were adopted in data coding and analyzing. The major findings include: 1.The review system of social studies textbooks is still driven by cultural hegemony. 2.The review system of social studies textbooks is strongly influenced by educational fanaticism, textbook market tendencies, and teachers’ teaching habits and demands. 3.The review system of social studies textbooks is operated in ways between the models of restricted deliberation and quasi-deliberation. The following suggestions are put forth for the improvement of textbook reviewing and future research: 1.Adjust the criteria of the recruitment and selection, the term duration, and the evaluation and training of reviewing committee members. 2.Improve the timing and approaches of communication between reviewers and editors, as well as provide reasonable and equal resources to both. 3.Establish a mechanism of textbook adoption and evaluation to serve as the key reference of modifying the reviewing guidelines and improving textbook writing. 4.Enhance the integration of the textbook reviewing information system, and provide an online communication platform for textbook reviewers and editors. 5.Establish records and portfolios of textbook reviewing and editing processes. 6.Future studies can focus on analyzing the influence of textbook use and adoption on the reviewing processes or explore textbook review processes through narrative inquiry or ethnographic approach.
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Richard, Véronique. "L’étude du processus psychologique présent lors de l’entraînement délibéré chez des patineurs artistiques élites." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6996.
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L’entraînement délibéré joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement de l’excellence sportive. Cette pratique est décrite comme étant une activité menée dans un but d’amélioration exigeant un niveau élevé d’effort et de concentration et n’étant pas nécessairement plaisante. Bien que les aspects quantitatifs de la pratique délibérée aient grandement été explorés, peu d’études se sont attardées à qualifier ce processus de façon précise. Ainsi, l’objectif de la présente étude est de définir précisément ce qu’est un entraînement de qualité ainsi que le processus psychologique s’y rattachant.
Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de douze patineurs élites québécois. L’analyse des données, par théorisation ancrée, démontre qu’un entraînement de haute qualité est le résultat d’une interaction dynamique de plusieurs facteurs liés à l’athlète, à son environnement, au contenu de son entraînement et à son état psychologique. Plus précisément, la confiance, la motivation, la concentration et l’attitude positive sont les habiletés psychologiques qui peuvent affecter l’entraînement. En fait, l’analyse démontre qu’un processus psychologique important s’opère lors de l’entraînement délibéré. Tout d’abord, des stratégies cognitives et comportementales comme l’imagerie mentale, la fixation d’objectifs et la routine sont utilisées par les athlètes pour se préparer à l’entraînement. Puis, lorsque son état psychologique est affecté négativement, l’athlète a recours à différentes stratégies afin d’optimiser cet état. Si ces stratégies s’avèrent efficaces, la qualité de l’entraînement est maintenue et l’athlète en ressort avec l’impression d’avoir progressé autant sur le plan technique, mental qu’émotionnel.Deliberate practice plays an important role in the development of sport excellence. This practice is described as being aimed at the improvement of performance and requires a high level of effort and concentration and is not inherently enjoyable. The quantitative aspect of deliberate practice has been explored in several studies, but very few studies have examined the qualitative side of this process. Thus, the goal of the present study is to describe precisely what deliberate training is and the psychological process underlying it. To reach those goals, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve elite Quebec figure skaters . Data analyse, using grounded theory, demonstrate that high quality training is the result of a dynamic interaction among many factors related to the athletes, their environment, the content of their training and their psychological state. Specifically, confidence, focus, motivation and positive attitude are psychological skills that can affect performance. In fact, the results show that an important process occurred during deliberate training. First, cognitive and behavioral strategies such as mental imagery, goal setting and routine are used by athletes to prepare themselves to train. Then, when the athletes' psychological state is negatively affected, they use different strategies to try to optimize this state. If these strategies are efficient, they help maintain the quality of training and the athletes experience the perception of having progressed technically, mentally, and emotionally.
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Bruxel, Laerson. "Democracia, Deliberação e Mídia na Esfera Pública Contemporânea: um Estudo sobre Experiênciasa Referendárias no Brasil e em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20165.
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Tese de doutoramento em Altos Estudos Contemporâneos, na especialidade de Ciência Política (História Política e Estudos Internacionais), apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraA presente investigação analisa e compara material publicado por dois jornais, – Folha de São Paulo, do Brasil, e Público, de Portugal -, sobre referendos realizados nos dois países, respectivamente, em 2005 e 2007. O objetivo é verificar se nesse material há falas com argumentos que possam ser considerados úteis para contribuir com um processo deliberativo, na perspectiva da democracia defendida por Jürgen Habermas. Ancorado numa sugestão de Simone Chambers, o material jornalístico é classificado como retórica plebiscitária ou retórica deliberativa. A retórica plebiscitária se caracteriza pela presença de mais elementos que não contribuem para a realização de uma deliberação pública, enquanto a deliberativa contém significativa presença de subsídios considerados importantes para o desenvolvimento desse processo. O reforço de alguns elementos no material jornalístico, – e a investigação avalia e quantifica quais elementos a mídia privilegia -, pode fazer com que se aproxime ou se distancie daquilo que é qualificado como importante para um debate público numa perspectiva habermasiana. A decisão de acionar mais um ou outro elemento está entre as opções que a mídia faz. Ao optar, ela sai de uma zona de fronteira, com várias possibilidades em aberto, e realiza um processo de demarcação. E, ao demarcar, ela estabelece limites, seja para um ou para outro processo. Considerando que a mídia tem potenciais ambivalentes, a investigação assume este pressuposto: não é possível definir a priori o papel que a mídia desempenha em eventos específicos de deliberação pública, como no caso dos referendos, isto porque em seu material comparecem todos os elementos da retórica, tanto os tendentes a favorecer como aqueles que prejudicam um processo deliberativo. Mas dada sua lógica de produção e divulgação, ela revela alguns dos seus limites que a impedem de complexificar os temas da agenda pública. E a hipótese que se assume nesta tese é que as escolhas da mídia privilegiam mais os elementos da retórica que se coadunam com a lógica da evidência, que é refratária a um processo argumentativo. Por acionar em maior número os elementos que são limitadores de um processo argumentativo, é temerário apontar a mídia como fórum central para a deliberação pública. E, se o seu poder de abrangência pode ser tomado como potencialmente útil para a realização de processos deliberativos nas democracias contemporâneas, a simples disponibilidade desse dispositivo não permite chegar à conclusão açodada de que sua prática contribua efetivamente para o desenvolvimento do debate público. Pelo seu potencial, e por permitir que em seu interior também circule material identificado como uma retórica deliberativa, até pode-se ver na mídia um ator capacitado a realizar um papel complementar, mas não central, no processo mais amplo da deliberação pública. E, nessa linha de análise, não se pode descartar por completo a possibilidade de o material produzido pela mídia ser desencadeador de um processo deliberativo na sociedade ao ser apropriado ou reinterpretado de diferentes maneiras pelos diversos atores da esfera pública.
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Quinta, Apolinário Pedro Nãngele. "Invalidade das deliberações sociais." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11985.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho aborda a invalidade das deliberações sociais e a respetiva impugnação. Partimos da afirmação que as deliberações sociais são um negócio jurídico. São resultados da vontade e do consenso das partes.
Neste negócio as partes devem necessariamente participar ativamente, para que as deliberações tomadas sejam exequíveis. Daí a exigência e o dever de respeito de todos os intervenientes.
Neste processo, um requisito fundamental é o de não violar constante da lei e dos estatutos, sob pena de se incorrer numa nulidade ou anulabilidade. Este é o motor desta dissertação. Os vícios da nulidade e anulabilidade fazem incorrer numa invalidade da deliberação social. Os atos invalidados são passíveis de impugnação judicial. Portanto, para blindar, as deliberações devem ser tomadas em assembleia geral que deve cumprir todos os requisitos legalmente consagrados.This paper addresses the invalidity of corporate resolutions and the respective challenge. We start from the assertion that social decisions are a legal business. They are the result of the will and consent of the parties. In this business parties should necessarily participate actively so that the decisions made will be feasible. Hence the need and the duty to respect all stakeholders. In this process, a key requirement is to not violate constant law and statutes, under penalty of incurring a nullity or annulment. This is the engine of this dissertation. The vices of nullity and annulment do incur a nullity social deliberation. Acts invalidated are amenable to judicial review. So for armouring, decisions should be taken in general meeting shall meet all the legally established requirements.
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Hamani, Souley Ibrahim. "Transfert de connaissances et politiques publiques : le cas de la politique de gratuité des soins au Niger." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15911.
Full textAbstract:
Au Niger, le taux de mortalité maternelle est estimé à 535 décès pour 100 000 naissances vivantes (INS, 2013) et la probabilité pour un nouveau-né de mourir avant l’âge d’un mois est de 33 ‰. Depuis 2006, le Niger a mis en place une politique de gratuité des soins pour les femmes enceintes et les enfants de 0 à 5 ans, ce qui a contribué à une amélioration significative de la fréquentation des centres de santé. En mars 2012, un processus délibératif fut organisé pendant une conférence de trois jours pour échanger sur les acquis, limites et perspectives de cette nouvelle politique avec 160 participants dont des chercheurs, des humanitaires, des décideurs politiques et des intervenants sur le terrain. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les effets de cette conférence ainsi que d’explorer les activités du comité de suivi de la feuille de route. La recherche a été réalisée durant deux mois en été 2014 à Niamey et à N’guiguimi. Elle a reposé sur l’utilisation du cadre conceptuel de Boyko et al., (2012) qui permet de décrire les principales caractéristiques et les effets attendus des dialogues délibératifs et comprendre comment les dialogues délibératifs peuvent contribuer à l’élaboration de politiques sur la base de données probantes. Nous avons mis un accent particulier sur les trois formes d’utilisation des connaissances présentées par Dagenais et al., (2013) : instrumentale, conceptuelle et persuasive. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été effectués avec 22 acteurs impliqués dans la mise en oeuvre des recommandations. Ils ont été enregistrés, retranscrits intégralement et traités avec le logiciel QDA Miner. Les résultats de l’analyse des discours recueillis révèlent une utilisation instrumentale des recommandations et plus visible chez les humanitaires que les décideurs et les acteurs de la société civile. Il ressort aussi de cette analyse une utilisation conceptuelle et persuasive des recommandations à un degré plus faible parmi tous les acteurs. Le comité de suivi de la feuille route de la conférence n’a pratiquement pas fonctionné, par conséquent, le processus n’a pas eu l’impact souhaité. Les principales raisons de cet échec sont liées au contexte de mise en oeuvre des recommandations (arrestation de plusieurs agents du ministère de la Santé publique qui sont des membres clés du comité de suivi à cause du détournement des fonds GAVI, manque de volonté technique et politique) et/ou aux conditions financières (absence de primes pour les membres du comité et de budget de fonctionnement.). Les
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résultats obtenus ont permis de comprendre les énormes défis (contextuels, financiers notamment) qui restent à relever en matière de transfert de connaissance dans le secteur de santé publique au Niger. En ce qui concerne la suite de la conférence, il faudrait accélérer la redynamisation du comité de suivi en le dotant d’un fonds de fonctionnement et en créant une agence autonome de gestion de la gratuité des soins; et renforcer le soutien politique autour de l’Initiative Santé Solidarité Sahel.In Niger, the maternal mortality rate is estimated at 535 deaths per 100,000 live births (INS, 2013) and the probability that a newborn will die before the age of one month is 33 ‰. Since 2006, Niger has implemented a policy of free healthcare for pregnant women and for children from 0-5 years old, which has contributed to a significant improvement in attendance at healthcare centers. In March 2012, a deliberative process was held during a three-day conference to discuss the achievements, limits and prospects of the new policy with 160 participants including researchers, humanitarian and policy makers along with other stakeholders on the ground. The objective of this research is to understand the effects of this conference and to explore the activities of the Monitoring Committee of the roadmap. The research was conducted in summer 2014 during two months in Niamey and N'guiguimi. It was based on the Boyko et al., (2012) conceptual framework which describes the main characteristics and the expected effects of deliberative dialogues and explains how deliberative dialogues can contribute to policy development based on evidence data. We put particular emphasis on the three forms of knowledge use presented by Dagenais et al, (2013): Instrumental, conceptual and persuasive. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders involved in the implementation of the recommendations. They were recorded, transcribed in full and treated with QDA Miner software. The results of the analysis of the data reveal an instrumental use of the recommendations which is more observed among the International NGO than at the level of decision-makers and civil society actors. Also, it follows from this analysis a conceptual and persuasive use of the recommendations at a lower degree among all stakeholders. The Monitoring Committee of the road map of the conference has hardly functioned. Therefore, the process has not had the desired impact. The main reasons for this failure are related to the context of implementation of the recommendations (arrest of several key officials of the committee because of the misuse of GAVI funds and lack of technical and political will) and / or the financial conditions (absence of premiums for committee members and operating budget). The results obtained have allowed us to understand the enormous challenges (contextual, especially financial) that remain in the vi transfer of knowledge in the public health sector in Niger. In the light of the finding it is necessary to accelerate the revitalization of the monitoring committee by equipping it with an operating fund, by setting up an autonomous free healthcare management agency for the policy of free healthcare; and strengthen political support around the Health Solidarity Sahel Initiative.
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Drouault, Sandra. "Participatory Budgeting: a developing country process?A comparative analysis of the experiences of PB in Brazil, France and Spain." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00283658.
Full textAbstract:
An increased dissatisfaction and disbelief toward modern democracy resulted in the revival of deliberative democracy and of experiments, such as participatory budgeting (PB). PB is a process of conjoint decision making through which citizens and local governments deicide on the final allocation of new public investment budget in their cities. While the Brazilian experiments of PB have been extensively researched, those in Europe have not. Therefore this research project endeavours to fill the gaps of the literature concerning the nature of PB and its applicability to developed countries, particularly in Spain and France. In so doing, it will compare the experience of French, Spanish and Brazilian cities and attempt to determine the influences of the contexts on their PB experiments. The main results from this comparative analysis are that the effects of contextual variables are mediated by the procedural ones. Therefore, PB can be adapted to different contexts by changing the procedural variables. However, five key PB practices have to be respected for PB to keep its essence. Moreover, this research has also focused on the under-researched but crucial links that exists between PB and deliberative theory and the respective insights that they can convey to each other.