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1
Maffei, Giovanni. "Automatic and deliberate control of action: an embodied perspective of artificial and biological brains." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666954.
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Animals evolved to survive in dynamic environments by developing multiple behavioral strategies to adapt and to learn from their interaction with the world. Associative mechanisms and internal representations are at the core brain computation, however, to acquire a complete knowledge of their relevance for behavior it is necessary to take into consideration their embodied nature. In an interdisciplinary effort which integrates methods from computational modeling, robotics, and electrophysiology, this dissertation presents a series of studies that aim at advancing the understanding of the automatic and deliberate processes that regulate embodied control of action in the brain. Through the formulation of a biologically constrained control architecture engaged in a real-world foraging task, we lay the ground for modeling and analyzing complex goal-oriented behavior emerging from the interplay between the automatic cerebro-cerebellar system acquiring sensory-motor associations, and the deliberate fronto-hippocampal system providing goal-oriented navigation and planning. Following the behavioral analysis of the stimulus-response model of cerebellar learning, we later ask how could the cerebellum implement anticipatory control, which is both adaptive and resistant to uncertainty. To answer this question, we explore the properties of the automatic control system and advance a novel hypothesis on the role of the cerebellum, by recasting its computation in the perceptual domain. Finally, we ask how the automatic and deliberate systems interact during unexpected situations that require a sudden change of plans. By analyzing the neural dynamics of the human frontal cortex in the control of deliberate action switch, we support the contribution of low-frequency oscillatory dynamics within this area to orchestrate behavior, based on internal representations of goals and rules. Altogether these results contribute to our understanding of how automatic and deliberate processes control action in the brain and advance novel insights that challenge or extend current theories. Despite the main aim to understand the brain, these insights could also be applied to the development of novel control systems for a new generation of robots.Els animals van evolucionar per sobreviure en entorns dinàmics desenvolupant múltiples estratègies de comportament per adaptar-se i aprendre de la seva interacció amb el món. Els mecanismes associatius i les representacions internes estan en el nucli del càlcul del cervell, però, per adquirir un coneixement complet de la seva rellevància per a la conducta, cal tenir en compte la seva naturalesa incorporada. En un esforç interdisciplinari que integra mètodes de modelització computacional, robòtica i electrofisiologia, aquesta tesi presenta una sèrie d’estudis que pretenen avançar en la comprensió dels processos automàtics i deliberats que regulen el control de l’acció incorporat al cervell. Mitjançant la formulació d’una arquitectura de control biològicament restringida dedicada a una tasca de forjat en el món real, posem el terreny per modelar i analitzar una conducta orientada a objectius complexos que sorgeix de la interacció entre el sistema cerebrovascular cerebral automàtic que adquireix associacions sensorials motores i deliberat sistema fronto-hipocamp que proporciona una navegació i una planificació orientades a objectius. Després de l’anàlisi conductual del model d’estímul-resposta de l’aprenentatge cerebel.lari, ens preguntem més endavant com es pot aplicar el cerebel a un control anticipat que e ́s a la vegada adaptatiu i resistent a la incertesa. Per respondre a aquesta pregunta, explorem les propietats del sistema de control automàtic i avancem una nova hipòtesi sobre el paper del cerebel, tot reformant la seva computacio ́ en el domini perceptiu. Finalment, preguntem com interactuen els sistemes automa`tic i deliberat durant situacions inesperades que requereixen un canvi sobtat de plans. Analitzant la dina`mica neural de l’escorça frontal humana en el control del canvi d’acció deliberada, recolzem l’aportació de dinàmiques oscil.ladores de baixa freqüència en aquesta àrea per orquestrar el comportament, basant-se en representacions internes d’objectius i regles. Tot plegat, aquests resultats contribueixen a la nostra comprensió de com processos automàtics i deliberats controlen l’acció en el cervell i avancen noves idees que desafien o allarguen les teories actuals. Malgrat l’objectiu principal d’entendre el cervell, aquestes idees també es podrien aplicar al desenvolupament de nous sistemes de control per a una nova generació de robots.
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Wu, Jiayun, and Jiayun Wu. "A Goal-Striving Model for Consumers' Deliberate Counterfeit-Consumption Behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205418.
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Counterfeit consumption is becoming widespread, developing into a problem of international significance. In an attempt to develop a refined understanding of the motivations and decision-making processes of consumers' deliberate counterfeit-consumption behavior, this empirical study not only integrates the theory of planned behavior and insights from self-regulatory theories, but also extends these theories by re-conceptualizing the relationships among key constructs with the inclusion of action desire. This research also introduces and integrates a new construct, namely consumers' Perceived Counterfeit Detection (PCD) by important others.Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods consisting of in-depth interviews and a self-administered paper questionnaire, this research empirically tested a proposed goal-striving model for deliberate counterfeit-consumption behavior, using structural equations modeling. Results demonstrated PCD's existence and supported a refined goal-striving model, based upon which effective strategies to decrease consumer's counterfeit consumption are discussed.
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Peralta, Alexandra. "La notion de voluntas chez Lucrèce : du mouvement volontaire à l’action délibérée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2022. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1d87d458-1d87-486d-be11-c98f12dc0281.
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Dans cette thèse, je me propose d’examiner le sens et la portée de la notion de voluntas chez le poète épicurien Lucrèce. Pour ce faire, j’emploie deux types d’approches : l’un proprement historique et critique, l’autre interprétatif. C’est ainsi que dans la première partie de ce travail, il est question de l’analyse sémantique du terme voluntas à l’époque du poète, premier siècle avant J.-C. Il s’agit d’un travail historique et philologique qui est complété ensuite par une critique des sources, antiques et modernes, sur le rapport supposé entre la voluntas et le clinamen des atomes. Le résultat de cette première analyse m’a permis de constater que, d’une part, la voluntas consiste en un mouvement des atomes de l’esprit et, de l’autre, que la signification de ce terme a néanmoins varié dans les différentes interprétations, notamment contemporaines. Dans la seconde partie de ma recherche, je me propose de vérifier l’hypothèse suivante : la voluntas en tant que mouvement volontaire des atomes de l’esprit constitue un concept qui s’articule aux trois registres présents dans le poème lucrétien : la philosophie naturelle, la psychophysiologie et la psychologie morale. Concernant le premier domaine, j’analyse la notion de sponte sua ou spontanéité naturelle, concept central de l’exposé lucrétien, afin de montrer que la voluntas est une espèce de cette spontanéité. Pour le dire autrement, la capacité des animaux de maîtriser leur mouvement est l’expression d’un type de causalité naturelle qui se distingue bien de la nécessité et du hasard. L’étude des conditions psychophysiologiques de réalisation de la voluntas est l’objet du deuxième chapitre. Dans le dernier chapitre, j’analyse la notion de consilium, afin de proposer qu’elle désigne l’opération rationnelle de l’âme permettant la délibération et ainsi, l’accomplissement d’actions proprement rationnelles. Ainsi comprise, la voluntas aide à saisir autrement la fameuse polémique sur le clinamen, car son intervention n’est pas nécessaire pour comprendre le processus de mouvement animal. La liberté dont nous jouissons est une liberté de mouvement et, pour les humains, une liberté d’agir intentionnellementIn this thesis, I propose to examine the meaning and scope of the notion of voluntas in the Epicurean poet Lucretius. To this purpose, I use two approaches: one properly historical and critical, the other interpretative. The first part of this work deals with the semantic analysis of the term voluntas at the time of the poet, the first century B.C. It is a historical and philological work which is then completed by a critique of the sources, ancient and modern, on the supposed relationship between voluntas and the clinamen of atoms. The result of this first analysis allowed me to note that, on the one hand, voluntas consists in a movement of the atoms of the mind and, on the other hand, that the meaning of this term has nevertheless varied in the different interpretations, notably contemporary ones. In the second part of my thesis, I propose to verify the following hypothesis: voluntas as a voluntary movement of the atoms of the mind is a concept that is articulated in the three registers present in the Lucretian poem: natural philosophy, psychophysiology, and moral psychology. Concerning the first field, I analyze the notion of sponte sua or natural spontaneity, a central concept of the Lucretian exposition, in order to show that voluntas is a species of this spontaneity. In other words, the ability of animals to control their movement is the expression of a type of natural causality that is quite distinct from necessity and chance. The study of the psychophysiological conditions for the realization of voluntas is the subject of my second chapter. In the last chapter, I analyze the notion of consilium, in order to propose that it designates the rational operation of the soul allowing deliberation and thus, the accomplishment of properly rational actions. Understood in this way, voluntas helps to understand differently the famous polemic on clinamen, because its intervention is not necessary to understand the process of animal movement. The freedom we enjoy is a freedom of movement and, for humans, a freedom to act intentionally
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Leung, Cheuk-Hang. "Educating for deliberative citizenship : public reason, political morality and civic action." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020740/.
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This project seeks to give a normative account of citizenship education in the context of deliberative democracy. Within the framework of reasonable pluralism. civic life is not as ethically minimal as many liberals think. I will argue that liberal democracy needs to incorporate the idea of deliberative democracy in order to achieve its aspiration for the teaching and learning of active and reciprocal citizens within the framework of reasonable pluralism. Ethical traits. dispositions, and characters are essential liberal vi11ues to bring about a flourishing liberal democratic life. Using the conception of deliberative democracy, I theorize an ethically robust conception of the political person for liberal citizenship education that could accommodate the ideas of public reason, political morality and civic action. In so doing, I propose a framework of citizenship as reasonableness by reformulating Rawls's political liberalism and supplementing it with Dewey’s Pragmatism - especially his ideas of human intelligence. freedom as individuality and cooperative inquiry. As such, liberal democratic citizenship could be attentive to civic duties. active civic participation, and cultivation of liberal virtues. This framework also demonstrates an authentic understanding of liberal democratic polity as an ethical project of cooperative living and fulfills the inherent requirements of liberal theory, both in terms of articulating an ethically robust conception of the political person as well as accommodating moral difference in a diverse society. In addition, the educative feature of public deliberation suggests that reasonable citizens could thoroughly internalize public reason and political morality through practising deliberative civic action. Through the lens of deliberative democracy, this project aims to advocate a thick conception of citizenship education for contemporary liberalism in order to address the theorization of the civic self and the moral demands of liberal democratic citizenship.
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von, Ahlefeld Nisser Désirée. "Vad kommunikation vill säga : En iscensättande studie om specialpedagogers yrkesroll och kunskapande samtal." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26234.
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This thesis is about the role of special educators in (pre)school and about developing democratic communication. It is based on the theory of argumentation developed by Jürgen Habermas. The aim of the study was to describe the conditions that create possibilities for deliberative communication between special educators, parents, students and colleagues in (pre)school. My overarching aim was to contribute to a more distinct description of special educators´ field of knowledge. I have used a social constructionist approach. The project has been based in the field of action research. A precondition for deliberative dialogues in (pre)schools is to start out from a communicative perspective. That means that (1) some theoretical conditions have been made apparent, (2) knowledge about these conditions have been shown to be crucial for using an aware communicative perspective in a speech act, (3) an aware communicative perspective is revealed through procedures of knowledge. These procedures were understood by and made evident to me as a result of network meeting discussions. A communicative perspective, a special educator as facilitator and procedures of knowledge are found to be crucial for collaboration using a deliberative attitude in (pre)schools. Today there is often a lack of pedagogical professionals in (pre)schools who can act as a link between authorities, organisations, professionals and parents, and who have the authority to pose challenging pedagogical questions. This can be changed if the role of special educators is, instead of teacher, defined as communicative special educators working with dialogues on different levels.
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Buttigieg, Claire Ruth. "Deliberation in Lyttelton: Deliberative Democratic Theory in Action: A community Group responds to Energy and Climate issues." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Science, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5322.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore the under-studied area of deliberative democratic
politics at the local level, while adding to the literature on deliberative theory itself.
Empirical research was conducted through the qualitative tools of participant observation
in Project Lyttelton’s Energy Matters Workshop and in-depth interviews with Project
Lyttelton members, workshop participants and local government representatives. A
comparative analysis was also undertaken between two locally focussed initiatives
looking at citizen engagement and democracy in relation to climate change.
The findings of this research suggest that Project Lyttelton’s Energy Matters Workshop
answers the call for a deliberative approach through its use of the key institutional
features of deliberative democratic processes. The research findings also show that local
deliberative initiatives may not be about reaching consensus or agreement in relation to a
particular issue such as climate change. Rather, they may be focused on building up a
network of citizens that discuss new ideas, build awareness, invigorate public
engagement, highlight shared interests and motivate new initiatives.
However, the research data also draws attention to compelling, and as yet unanswered
questions, about just what conditions are needed for local deliberation to affect public
policy and climate change decision-making, how deliberative practices could be
integrated within government structures themselves, how the current political framework
(and context) could act as a spur to those at the local level, and how local participation
and deliberation could have a voice in the largely international climate change arena.
This research adds to the scholarship on deliberative theory by examining what
deliberation looks like at the local level, while providing further empirical research for
deliberative theory itself.
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Brockerville, Gordon Thomas. "A deliberative case study of decision-making and action in a physical education curriculum development project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25825.pdf.
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Hendriks, Carolyn Maree, and C. M. Hendriks@uva nl. "Public Deliberation and Interest Organisations: a Study of Responses to Lay Citizen Engagement in Public Policy." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050921.103047.
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This thesis empirically examines how lobby groups and activists respond to innovative forms of public participation. The study centres on processes that foster a particular kind
of deliberative governance including citizens’ juries, consensus conferences and planning cells. These deliberative designs bring together a panel of randomly selected lay citizens
to deliberate on a specific policy issue for a few days, with the aim of providing decision makers with a set of recommendations. While policy makers worldwide are attracted to these novel participatory processes, little consideration has been given to how well they work alongside more adversarial and interest-based politics. This doctoral research project examines this interface by studying what these processes mean to different kinds of policy actors such as corporations, advocacy groups, government agencies, experts
and professionals. These entities are collectively referred to in this thesis as ‘interest organisations’ because in some way they are seeking a specific policy outcome from the
state – even government-based groups.¶
The empirical research in this thesis is based on comparative case studies of four deliberative design projects in Australia and Germany. The Australian cases include a citizens’ jury on waste management legislation and a consensus conference on gene
technology in the food chain. The German case studies include a planning cells project on consumer protection in Bavaria, and a national consensus conference on genetic diagnostics. Together the cases capture a diversity of complex and contested policy
issues facing post-industrialised societies. In each case study, I examine how relevant interest organisations responded to the deliberative forum, and then interpret these responses in view of the context and features of the case.¶
The picture emerging from the in-depth case studies is that interest organisations respond to deliberative designs in a variety of ways. Some choose to participate actively,
others passively decline, and a few resort to strategic tactics to undermine citizens’ deliberations. The empirical research reveals that though responses are variable, most
interest organisations are challenged by several features of the deliberative design model including: 1) that deliberators are citizens with no knowledge or association with the
issue; 2) that experts and interest representatives are required to present their arguments before a citizens’ panel; and 3) that policy discussions occur under deliberative conditions which can expose the illegitimate use of power.¶
Despite these challenges, the paradox is that many interest organisations do decide to engage in lay citizen deliberations. The empirical research indicates that groups and experts value deliberative designs if they present an opportunity for public relations, customer feedback, or advocacy. Moreover, the research finds that when policy actors
intensively engage with ‘ordinary’ citizens, their technocratic and elite ideas about public participation can shift in a more inclusive and deliberative direction.¶
The thesis finds that, on the whole, weaker interest organisations are more willing to engage with lay citizens than stronger organisations because they welcome the chance to influence public debate and decision makers. It appears that powerful groups will only
engage in a deliberative forum under certain policy conditions, for example, when the dominant policy paradigm is unstable and contested, when public discussion on the issue is emerging, when policy networks are interdependent and heterogeneous, and when the broader social and political system supports public accountability, consensus and
deliberation. Given that these kinds of policy conditions do not always exist, I conclude that tensions between interest organisations and deliberative governance will be common. In order to create more cooperative and productive interfaces, I recommend
that interest organisations be better supported and integrated into citizens’ deliberations, and that steps be taken to safeguard forums from strategic attempts to undermine their
legitimacy.¶
The thesis also sends out three key messages to democratic theorists. First, the empirical research shows that different kinds of groups and actors in civil society vary in their
willingness and capacity to participate to public deliberation. Second, the deliberative design model demonstrates that partisan actors, such as interest organisations, will engage in public deliberation when they can participate as strategic deliberators. In this role
partisans are not expected to relinquish their agendas, but present them as testimonies before a group of deliberators. Third, the empirical research in this thesis should bring
home to theorists that deliberative forums are closely linked to the discursive context within which they operate.
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Adeyinka, Titilope Adetola. "Investigation of the method of "mixed" pill counts as a tool to detect deliberate masking of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy at Ntshembo Clinic, Mamelodi Hospital." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/453.
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Thesis(MSc(Med)(Pharmacy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.High levels of adherence to ART are essential for maximal suppression of viral replication and avoidance of drug resistance. Pill counts are an indirect, objective method of assessing adherence. Patients can invalidate pill counts by manipulating the number of tablets returned. This paper describes a pilot study which investigated the ability of ‘mixed’ pill counts to detect deliberate masking of non-adherence to ART at a public sector ARV Clinic in Pretoria, South Africa. Seventy-eight adult patients on a first line regimen of ART were recruited. At the first return visit, a standard pill count was performed and adherence (% of tablets taken) was calculated. For the repeat prescription, three days’ extra supply was dispensed without the patients’ knowledge. At the second return visit, a ‘mixed’ pill count was performed and adherence was calculated. Patients were grouped into three categories based on calculated adherence: truthfully non-adherent (<100% adherence), adherent (100% adherence) and ‘over-compliant’ (>100% adherence, i.e. returning to the clinic with fewer tablets than required). Exploratory interviews were conducted with truthfully nonadherent and over-compliant patients to obtain explanations for discrepancies in pill counts. Twenty-nine (37%) patients completed the study. Reasons for drop-out or discontinuation from the study included the issue of prescriptions for 2-3 months’ ARV supply, missed appointments, regimen changes and failure to return remaining tablets to the clinic. Eleven patients (38%) were identified as over-compliant in one or more of the ARVs in their regimen. Nine of these patients agreed to be interviewed, of which three admitted to manipulating their tablet numbers. Reasons for manipulation included: being ’fine now’ and not in need of ARVs; changes in body shape; possibility of the social grant being terminated if non-adherent; getting a new supply and no need for remaining ARVs; knowing that the tablets would be counted for the study. This pilot study indicated that the ‘mixed’ pill count method is capable of detecting deliberate masking of non-adherence. Applying this method to a larger sample may better estimate the frequency of pill count manipulation by patients and help gain insight to reasons for this behaviour and the extent of actual non-adherence. Key words: dumping, manipulation, masking, over-compliance, HAART
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Soares, Fatima Aparecida Cotrim. "Influência da capacitação em bioética na percepção dos profissionais para os problemas éticos na atenção básica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-13012011-151430/.
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Pesquisa qualitativa, que se caracterizou como um estudo do tipo antes e depois. Teve como objetivo principal analisar o impacto de uma ação educativa em bioética clínica e deliberação moral aplicadas à atenção básica, com vistas a identificar se a percepção de problemas éticos se modificaria e se esta ação traria contribuições com aportes para lidar com as questões éticas na prática. A ação educativa foi desenvolvida com enfermeiros e médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família, Santo André, SP, e calcou-se no enfoque problematizador e na bioética deliberativa, para apresentar o itinerário da deliberação como subsídio para o manejo de problemas éticos. Para avaliar a mudança na percepção de problemas éticos, foi aplicado um instrumento para inventariar tais situações, antes, depois e no meio da intervenção. Para avaliar a utilidade da ação educativa, foram feitas perguntas abertas, cujas respostas foram tratadas com análise de conteúdo. Houve mobilização positiva da sensibilidade ética dos participantes. Eles avaliaram a deliberação como um instrumental adequado para lidar com as questões éticas que vivem. A problematização mostrou-se efetiva como estratégia educativa na formação contínua em bioética deliberativa.Qualitative research, which was characterized with a kind of study before and after. The main objective was analyzing the impact of an educational intervention in clinical bioethics and moral decision applied to primary care, aiming to identify the perceived ethical problems would change and if this action would bring with subsidiary contributions to deal with ethical issues in practice. The educational activity was developed with nurses and medical doctors from the Family Health Strategy, Santo André, SP. The educational activity trod on the problem-posing approach and deliberative bioethics, to present the itinerary of the determination as to subsidize the management of ethical issues. To evaluate the usefulness of educational activities open-ended questions were made whose answers were dealt with content analysis. There was positive mobilization of ethical sensitivity of the participants. They evaluated the decision as an appropriate instrument to deal with ethical issues which they live. The problem-posing education strategy showed effective in continuous training in deliberative bioethics.
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Oliveira, Juliano Cordeiro da Costa. "AÃÃo comunicativa e democracia: por uma polÃtica deliberativa em Jurgen Habermas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2725.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃA presente pesquisa reconstrÃi aquilo que poderÃamos chamar de uma Filosofia PolÃtica de JÃrgen Habermas. Habermas parte da Teoria da AÃÃo Comunicativa como referÃncia para suas reflexÃes. A descoberta da linguagem como mÃdium intransponÃvel de todo sentido, de toda reflexÃo teÃrica e prÃtica, forÃou um repensamento de todos os problemas filosÃficos. Agora, normas racionais nascem da prÃxis dialÃgica dos sujeitos envolvidos numa determinada situaÃÃo. A razÃo comunicativa, para Habermas, à a Ãnica que tem condiÃÃes de fundamentar normas num mundo marcado pela pluralidade de visÃes de vida. Habermas, por conseguinte, a partir da aÃÃo comunicativa, elabora o conceito de polÃtica deliberativa, realizando uma sÃntese entre o liberalismo e o republicanismo. HÃ, na teoria de Habermas, uma conciliaÃÃo entre a autonomia privada e a pÃblica, entre os direitos humanos e a soberania popular, entre a liberdade dos modernos e a dos antigos. Segundo Habermas, nÃo hà um privilÃgio da polÃtica a ser realizada no Ãmbito da sociedade civil, como no republicanismo, ou exclusivamente no sistema polÃtico, como nas teorias liberais. Na polÃtica deliberativa, as esferas pÃblicas se interligam com os sistemas polÃtico e administrativo. AlÃm disso, Habermas considera positiva a questÃo da normatizaÃÃo jurÃdica, oriunda da tradiÃÃo liberal, interligando-a com o princÃpio republicano da comunicaÃÃo entre os sujeitos. O direito, entÃo, à enfatizado por sua eficÃcia nas resoluÃÃes dos problemas. Entretanto, esse direito sà possuirà legitimidade caso tenha como fonte o princÃpio da comunicaÃÃo. Habermas, nesse contexto, expÃe os limites do Estado liberal e do Estado social, propondo um novo modelo de Estado, com base na polÃtica deliberativa, em que os sujeitos serÃo autÃnomos à medida que puderem se entender tambÃm como autores do direito ao qual se submetem enquanto destinatÃrios
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Padvetnaya, Vivek. "Does deliberative participation matter? : political economy of provision of local public health goods in rural India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ceb61ed2-9a36-4f38-9f93-07ffb787cab4.
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Access to basic water and sanitation services, the local public health goods, is a human right and a public health necessity. Provision of these services is typically devolved to Local Governments to ensure they correspond to the local needs. In rural India, such a correspondence is sub-optimal, with high local needs and poor provision by the Local Governments (Panchayats). The citizen participation in Panchayat's public deliberative meetings (Grama Sabha) is weak. The community context is characterised by social fragmentation and high socio-economic inequality. This research examined, whether and how better deliberative participation in Panchayat meetings was associated with better provision of these services by the Panchayats. The research used a three-staged systematic sampling method. Using correlational field survey design it gathered primary data from 99 panchayats in Karnataka State, and from 99 villages and 396 individuals within these Panchayats. Factor analytic and multivariate regression techniques were used to analyse the data in the statistical software, Stata® v.13. Results suggest, better Grama Sabha meetings (that were convened more frequently, attended by a higher number of people with better representativeness, where discussions approximate to the deliberative norms: reciprocal, pro-social and accountable; and decisions taken have a common good orientation) were associated with better provision of water and sanitation services by the Panchayat. Further analysis suggested two possible explanations for this association: First, the individuals who participated more frequently in deliberative meetings of the Panchayat and where discussions approximated to the deliberative norms; were associated with: • Better information on availability and accessibility to services; • Better external political efficacy, a perception of greater responsiveness of the Panchayat to their needs and their efforts to influence it; and hence engage evenly in discussions; • Better sense of community, a greater willingness to cooperate and coordinate, to find mutual needs and seek convergence when they are heterogeneous. Above findings suggest, in a participatory setting, these individuals can be associated with better capability to collectively engage; to articulate, communicate and identify the mostii common of their service needs and frame it as a collective demand, through policy objective, for provision by the Panchayats. Second, better Grama Sabha meetings were associated with better rule of law in policy administration at the Panchayat level. This suggests, rule-bound conversion of policy objectives into actual service outputs; a reflection of responsiveness and accountability of the bureaucratic action in achieving administrative commitment to the legislative goals. In conclusion, better deliberative participation can be associated with better capability of the individuals to engage in collective action. This can improve the correspondence between the needs and the provision; by strengthening individuals' collective demand for the services and by improving the responsiveness of the Panchayat in the supply of these services.
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Oliveira, Juliano Cordeiro da Costa. "Ação comunicativa e democracia: por uma política deliberativa em Jurgen Habermas." www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6501.
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OLIVEIRA, Juliano Cordeiro da Costa. Ação comunicativa e democracia: por uma política deliberativa em Jurgen Habermas. 2009. 108f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2009.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-06T14:33:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009-DIS-JCCOLIVEIRA.pdf: 611028 bytes, checksum: 5e05e83880eb894f2eaf96801c4e0e60 (MD5)
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A presente pesquisa reconstrói aquilo que poderíamos chamar de uma Filosofia Política de Jürgen Habermas. Habermas parte da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa como referência para suas reflexões. A descoberta da linguagem como médium intransponível de todo sentido, de toda reflexão teórica e prática, forçou um repensamento de todos os problemas filosóficos. Agora, normas racionais nascem da práxis dialógica dos sujeitos envolvidos numa determinada situação. A razão comunicativa, para Habermas, é a única que tem condições de fundamentar normas num mundo marcado pela pluralidade de visões de vida. Habermas, por conseguinte, a partir da ação comunicativa, elabora o conceito de política deliberativa, realizando uma síntese entre o liberalismo e o republicanismo. Há, na teoria de Habermas, uma conciliação entre a autonomia privada e a pública, entre os direitos humanos e a soberania popular, entre a liberdade dos modernos e a dos antigos. Segundo Habermas, não há um privilégio da política a ser realizada no âmbito da sociedade civil, como no republicanismo, ou exclusivamente no sistema político, como nas teorias liberais. Na política deliberativa, as esferas públicas se interligam com os sistemas político e administrativo. Além disso, Habermas considera positiva a questão da normatização jurídica, oriunda da tradição liberal, interligando-a com o princípio republicano da comunicação entre os sujeitos. O direito, então, é enfatizado por sua eficácia nas resoluções dos problemas. Entretanto, esse direito só possuirá legitimidade caso tenha como fonte o princípio da comunicação. Habermas, nesse contexto, expõe os limites do Estado liberal e do Estado social, propondo um novo modelo de Estado, com base na política deliberativa, em que os sujeitos serão autônomos à medida que puderem se entender também como autores do direito ao qual se submetem enquanto destinatários.
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Liu, Siyang. "Resolving the two impasses in the global justice debate through a reconstruction of David Miller's account of deliberative democracy on the basis of Habermas's conception of communicative action." Thesis, Durham University, 2019. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12948/.
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There are both substantive and methodological disagreements in the global justice debate between cosmopolitanism on the one hand, and statism and liberal nationalism on the other. The substantive disagreement avers that statists and liberal nationalists restrict the regulation of substantive inequality to the domestic sphere, whereas cosmopolitans extend it to the global level. The methodological disagreement is based on the fact that statists and liberal nationalists ground concern for distributive justice in the institutions of citizenship, whereas cosmopolitans focus on the moral equality of human beings. David Miller's liberal nationalist account of distributive justice differs from the statist account by drawing on a premise about human nature: that a common nationality is a powerful motivational force in supporting the institutions of citizenship within a nation-state. This provides more ethically acceptable justification for restricting the regulation of substantive inequality in the face of the cosmopolitans' insistence on respecting the moral equality of human beings. However, Miller's account is incomplete because it fails to explain why human beings' common moral intuitions and political emotions would justify restricting the regulation of substantive inequality to the domestic level. In this thesis, I will propose a way of extending Miller's account based on the idea of deliberative democracy at the global level. I will argue that the regulation of substantive inequality could be grounded in institutions of global citizenship based on public deliberation at the global level that would adjudicate among different distributive principles and that this could help to resolve the two disagreements in the global justice debate.
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Gomes, Ronaldo Martins. "Entre autoritarismo e diálogo: a democracia como processo na gestão escolar." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2666.
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Previous issue date: 2013-01-28This dissertation aimed to understand the relationship between public school and democracy, mediated by democratic management, the perspective of school managers, believing that democratic development in society comes through participation spaces, with decisions. It reflected on the importance of democracy and its significance in the context of school relations, taking into account that it is an epistemological problem as much as a political enigma seizing axes articulators of public policy. Had the mainspring three concerns: the extent to which the managers interviewed established democratic practices in school management? In what areas? How these practices were considered democratic, and how they strengthened? In the empirical part we selected a city located in São Paulo, midsize, called Rio Claro. It set up a sample of ten managers, with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted. Presented a study on democracy, from the economic, political and social that characterize modernity, with reflections on modern liberal democracy; Theory of Communicative Action and the transformations that characterize modernity, according to Jurgen Habermas, and a panorama of relations that characterize the formation of the state and of Brazilian politics. It was understood that the managers interviewed were creating democratic practices in school management, to stimulate dialogue and hosting, while listening demands, respect for differences, singularities and interests in the school daily, to share decisions and responsibilities to respect the limits of the functions and duties of a member in the hierarchy of the workplace, to pursue work together, the use of "instruments" as simple questionnaire for families of students, the flexibility of schedules to attendance of parents and family, participation and training partnership between school and family for the benefit of students, the collective construction of PPP as an approximation between the school and community. These actions allowed us to understand how managers understood to be enabling democratic practices in school, the school administration and school linking democracy. The spaces for these actions were: meetings HTPC; APM meetings, meetings with parents or guardians; "politics of coffee" etc.. Despite the respondents did not indicate a reference or a theorist of democracy in particular, it was possible to see that realized, procedurally, a democratic relationship within the school and interpersonal relationships.
Essa dissertação teve como objetivo compreender a relação entre escola pública e democracia, mediada pela gestão democrática, na perspectiva de gestores escolares, acreditando-se que o desenvolvimento democrático numa sociedade advém por meio de espaços de participação, com decisões. Refletiu-se sobre a importância da democracia e do seu significado no âmbito das relações escolares, levando-se em conta que ela é um problema epistemológico tanto quanto um enigma político que apreende eixos articuladores das políticas públicas. Teve como mola propulsora três inquietações: em que medida os(as) gestores(as) entrevistados(as) criaram práticas democráticas na gestão escolar? Em quais espaços? De que forma essas práticas eram consideradas democráticas, e como elas se fortaleciam? Na parte empírica foi selecionada uma cidade localizada no interior de São Paulo, de médio porte, chamada Rio Claro. Estabeleceu-se uma amostra de dez gestores(as), com os quais foram efetuadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Apresentou-se um estudo sobre a democracia, a partir das transformações econômicas, políticas e sociais que caracterizam a modernidade, com reflexões sobre: democracia liberal moderna; teoria da Ação Comunicativa e as transformações que caracterizam a modernidade, segundo Jurgen Habermas; e, um panorama das relações que caracterizam a formação do Estado e da política brasileira. Compreendeu-se que os(as) gestores(as) entrevistados(as) estavam criando práticas democráticas na gestão escolar, ao estimular o diálogo e o acolhimento, ao escutar demandas, ao respeito às diferenças, singularidades e interesses na realidade escolar diária, ao compartilhar decisões e responsabilidades, ao respeitar os limites das funções e atribuições de membro na hierarquia do ambiente de trabalho, ao procurar realizar o trabalho em conjunto, no uso de instrumentos simples como o questionário para as famílias de estudantes, na flexibilização dos horários para atendimento de pais e familiares, na participação e formação de parceria entre escola e família para benefício dos estudantes, na construção coletiva do PPP como forma de aproximação entre a escola e a comunidade. Essas ações permitiram compreender como os(as) gestores(as) entendiam estar possibilitando práticas democráticas na escola, isto é, a gestão escolar articulando escola e democracia. Os espaços destinados a essas ações foram: reuniões de HTPC; reuniões de APM; reuniões com pais ou responsáveis; política do cafezinho etc. Apesar dos(as) entrevistados não indicarem uma referencial sobre democracia ou um teórico em especial, foi possível visualizar que realizavam, de forma processual, uma relação democrática dentro da escola e nas relações interpessoais.
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Roy, Alex. "De l'infrapolitique à la révolution démocratique : ethnographie culturelle du mouvement ATD Quart Monde." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2026/document.
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Cette thèse de sociologie est une monographie du mouvement ATD Quart Monde. Fondée en 1958 par le prêtre Joseph Wresinski dans un camp de sans-logis, cette association porte la voix politique des « personnes en situation d’extrême pauvreté » en France et dans le monde. C’est à partir d’un travail de mobilisation sur le long terme et d’une stratégied’émancipation que cette voix émerge au sein de groupes de réflexion. Il s’agit de rendre audible et d’organiser par l’action collective ce que le politiste James Scott appelle le domaine infrapolitique, c'est-à-dire les formes de résistances quotidiennes à la domination qui s’exercent « sous les radars » de la sphère publique. À travers l’ethnographie culturelle de quelques expérimentations démocratiques, ce travail de recherche analyse le processus d’empowerment par lequel des acteurs affaiblis socialement se renforcent collectivement par la construction d’un engagement militant. Ces personnes incarnent la possibilité de l’inclusion politique des catégories de population marginalisées. Avec différents mouvements sociaux, ATD Quart Monde façonne ainsi une révolution démocratique et culturelle. Pour ce faire, la méthode participative de l’association consiste à construire des revendications et des alliances par la confrontation du savoir expérientiel des plus pauvres avec d’autres formes de savoirs. Ceci vient approfondir les connaissances du mouvement qui a recours au registre de l’expertise dans son mode d’action. Avec quelques points de comparaison, l’exemple d’ATD Quart Monde permet finalement d’explorer trois dimensions de l’action collective : réflexive, culturelle et délibérativeThis doctoral dissertation in sociology is a monograph of ATD Forth World: an « extreme poor people »’s advocacy worldwide organization founded in a French homeless camp in 1958 by the priest Joseph Wresinski. The voice of the poorest is emerging in thinking groups after a long work of mobilization and emancipation process. The shapes of daily resistance against domination existing « under the radar » of the public sphere, which is called infrapolitics, is becoming visible and collectively organised. This research is a cultural ethnography of several democratic experimentations, which analyses the empowermentprocess of socially weakened actors. Poor people are becoming activists and are embodying the possibility of the inclusion of marginalized groups. By this way, ATD Forth World is progressively shaping a cultural and democratic revolution with other social movements. The participative methodology of the organization consists of building demands and alliances from the confrontation between poor people’s knowledge and other forms of knowledge. This work is helping to build an expertise for the organization. With the example of ATD Forth World and several points of comparison, this doctoral dissertation ultimately explores three different dimensions of collective action: cognitive, cultural and deliberative
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Martins, Luci Helena Silva [UNESP]. "Sociedade, estado e organizações não governamentais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106097.
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martins_lhs_dr_fran.pdf: 968697 bytes, checksum: 05db506ab2b831ebb9abc3b430466b7d (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O estudo enfoca a possibilidade da ação política no tempo presente. Entende-se por política a capacidade de governo sobre o mundo comum, entre homens livres e iguais, dotados da capacidade de ação e diálogo, solitárias armas contra a política exercida como força, arbítrio e violência. Trata-se também de problematizar as condições históricas de conformação da subjetividade necessária para se opor à insensibilidade sistêmica. O recurso à sociedade como local de resolução de problemas sociais fez-nos buscar compreender a inflexão no modelo desenvolvimentista centrado no Estado. Eis que o caminho das ONGs se abre. A mudança do modelo desenvolvimentista focado no Estado dá mostras de dois processos históricos: faz parte das lutas sociais por justiça, sendo a encarnação prática de valores como solidariedade e justiça, liberdade e igualdade; por outro lado, participa de um processo talvez mais abrangente de desmanche dos direitos sociais, na medida em que o Estado transfere para a sociedade responsabilidades que a Carta Constitucional lhe incumbiu assegurar a todos, assim o fazendo bem aos moldes do estado mínimo, com cortes de investimentos sociais. Daí, mais necessário se faz a auto-organização dos cidadãos, e uma das formas de auto-organização são as Organizações não governamentais. Algumas ONGs podem auxiliar na auto-organização dos povos, sendo a própria expressão dela. Em termos de um lento e delicado processo político e pedagógico, estariam também participando do aparecimento de uma rede de sujeitos políticos contrários à insensibilidade sistêmica. Chamadas ONGs cívicas ou da democratização, estas ONGs poderiam tornar-se balizas para o universo das instituições sem-fins lucrativos. De toda forma, a participa-ção de novos atores sociais no campo da chamada...
This study focuses the possibility of a political action in the present times. Taking politics as the capacity for governing over a common world, amongst free and equal men, equipped with the capacity for action and dialogue, solitary weapons against that politics practiced through force and violence. We also aim at questioning the historical conditions for confronting the subjectivity needed for opposing systemic insensibility. The recourse to envisioning society as the place for solving social problems made us search for an understanding of the inflexion within the development pattern centered on the State. the NGOs present themselves as a way. This change in the development pattern focused on the State could be understood in two ways, or two historical processes; on one hand it could be part of a social struggle for justice, embodying practicing values like solidarity and justice, freedom and equality; or on the other hand be part of a process, maybe more comprehensive, of dismantling social rights, while the State, transfers to society those responsibilities that the Constitutional Chart assigns that the State assures to all, very much like the pattern of the minimal state, with courts of social investment. Thus, self-organizing amongst the citizens becomes more necessary, and the NGOs is one of the ways to self-organizing . Some NGOs can help self-organizing of peoples, being an expression of their own. In terms of a slow and delicate political and learning process, it would also be making possible the appearance of a network of political subjects. Called civic or democratizing NGOs, the latter could become landmarks for the universe of non-lucrative institutions. In any case, the inclusion of new social actors in the field of the so called social question broadens the debate, so far considered endogenous, for being...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Martins, Luci Helena Silva. "Sociedade, estado e organizações não governamentais /." Franca : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106097.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo de Tarso OliveiraBanca: Josué Pereira da Silva
Banca: Nanci Soares
Banca: Ana Maria Ramos Estêvão
Banca: Eliana Amábile Dancini
Resumo: O estudo enfoca a possibilidade da ação política no tempo presente. Entende-se por política a capacidade de governo sobre o mundo comum, entre homens livres e iguais, dotados da capacidade de ação e diálogo, solitárias armas contra a política exercida como força, arbítrio e violência. Trata-se também de problematizar as condições históricas de conformação da subjetividade necessária para se opor à insensibilidade sistêmica. O recurso à sociedade como local de resolução de problemas sociais fez-nos buscar compreender a inflexão no modelo desenvolvimentista centrado no Estado. Eis que o caminho das ONGs se abre. A mudança do modelo desenvolvimentista focado no Estado dá mostras de dois processos históricos: faz parte das lutas sociais por justiça, sendo a encarnação prática de valores como solidariedade e justiça, liberdade e igualdade; por outro lado, participa de um processo talvez mais abrangente de desmanche dos direitos sociais, na medida em que o Estado transfere para a sociedade responsabilidades que a Carta Constitucional lhe incumbiu assegurar a todos, assim o fazendo bem aos moldes do estado mínimo, com cortes de investimentos sociais. Daí, mais necessário se faz a auto-organização dos cidadãos, e uma das formas de auto-organização são as Organizações não governamentais. Algumas ONGs podem auxiliar na auto-organização dos povos, sendo a própria expressão dela. Em termos de um lento e delicado processo político e pedagógico, estariam também participando do aparecimento de uma rede de sujeitos políticos contrários à insensibilidade sistêmica. Chamadas ONGs cívicas ou da democratização, estas ONGs poderiam tornar-se balizas para o universo das instituições sem-fins lucrativos. De toda forma, a participa-ção de novos atores sociais no campo da chamada...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study focuses the possibility of a political action in the present times. Taking politics as the capacity for governing over a common world, amongst free and equal men, equipped with the capacity for action and dialogue, solitary weapons against that politics practiced through force and violence. We also aim at questioning the historical conditions for confronting the subjectivity needed for opposing systemic insensibility. The recourse to envisioning society as the place for solving social problems made us search for an understanding of the inflexion within the development pattern centered on the State. the NGOs present themselves as a way. This change in the development pattern focused on the State could be understood in two ways, or two historical processes; on one hand it could be part of a social struggle for justice, embodying practicing values like solidarity and justice, freedom and equality; or on the other hand be part of a process, maybe more comprehensive, of dismantling social rights, while the State, transfers to society those responsibilities that the Constitutional Chart assigns that the State assures to all, very much like the pattern of the minimal state, with courts of social investment. Thus, self-organizing amongst the citizens becomes more necessary, and the NGOs is one of the ways to self-organizing . Some NGOs can help self-organizing of peoples, being an expression of their own. In terms of a slow and delicate political and learning process, it would also be making possible the appearance of a network of political subjects. Called civic or democratizing NGOs, the latter could become landmarks for the universe of non-lucrative institutions. In any case, the inclusion of new social actors in the field of the so called social question broadens the debate, so far considered endogenous, for being...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Sato, Linder Ryoko. "Learning the Fundamental Democratic Values in Preschool : A Case Study of the Implementation of the National Educational Policy in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-151102.
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Under the 1990s restructuring of the Swedish education system, ‘the fundamentaldemocratic values’ have stipulated clearly both in the Education Act and all of thenational curricula as one of the educational goals. This study aims to illuminate how thefundamental democratic values in the Swedish curriculum for preschool are implemented,its process and outcome on a micro level, a preschool. The role of the preschools inSweden has been changed especially after the new curriculum has been issued in 1998, and now, “to impart and establish respect for human rights and the fundamentaldemocratic values” is an important task of the preschools and expected to “activelypromote” in its work with children. Through a qualitative case study focused on apreschool in Forest municipality, Stockholm, the findings show the principal and thepedagogue in the chosen preschool are conscious of the importance of the fundamentaldemocratic values within the individual perspectives. This study also illustrates that thepedagogue have developed their understanding for the fundamental values continuously,through the several types of meetings, and have applied it to their daily activities.Furthermore, the findings also show that the pedagogue in the chosen preschool haveutilised ‘the five value keywords’ those were selected in the school district where thepreschool belonged. As a whole the research on the chosen preschool indicates theimportance of role of pedagogue at preschool for implementation of the nationaleducation policy. On the other hand, this study has clarified that Forest municipality hashad important role for the implementation process and evaluation of preschools in themunicipality. This fact indicates that how municipalities take initiatives affects successfulimplementation of the curriculum. As concluding remarks, this study argue the results ofthe present research indicate that the chosen preschool has supplied opportunities for bothchildren and parents to learn/exercise deliberative democracy, that may be seeds to fosteractive citizen.
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Didion, Judy Ann. "Adolescent males involvement in pregnancy prevention deliberate action to protect future goals /." 2007. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-11112007-232012/unrestricted/DidionDissertation.pdf.
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Su, Hui-Ju, and 蘇慧如. "Action Research on the Use of Deliberative Democracy inElementary School Class Matters." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51133935166461251199.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
99
The purpose of this research is to study the impact of deliberative democracy on a fifth grade class. We want to know if using deliberative democracy as a way of classroom management, what might be the impact on students’ decision-making processes and the ability to conduct classroom discussion. To achieve the goals mentioned above, the author conducted a thorough literature review to learn more about theories in deliberative democracy, children’s morality development, and how to conduct effective class discussion etc. Then she designed four units to teach deliberative democracy. They included “The Establishment of a Class Contract”, “Every Class Member Is a Leader”, “The Class Symbol making” and “the End of the Semester festival” . The class also discussed “is it appropriate for 5th graders to use cell phone on campus” and “is it appropriate to watch films during lunch time”. There were twenty classes in total and each class was forty minutes. To perfect this research, the author had conducted a trial study (from March to June 2010) and a formal study (from September 2010 to January 2011). The trial study was conducted at the author’s previous 6th graders of the 2009-2010 school year. The formal study studied the 5th graders of the 2010-2011 school year. These students had been regrouped from all 4th graders therefore many of them didn’t know one another well. The author used deliberative democracy to conduct the above mentioned 7 activities to learn the impacts deliberative democracy could have on these 5th graders.The data she collected includes her personal reflections, her partners’ observation records, the interviews she had with the social studies teacher and arts teacher, worksheets and questionnaires her students had written, and audio recordings of these 20 lessons. The conclusion of this research is as followed. Deliberative democracy is practicable in an elementary school setting. Through Deliberative democracy, students learn how to be rational participants during a discussion. Through discussion, students learn to adjust their attitudes toward an issue, participate actively during discussion and care about their daily life at school. Deliberative deomcracy also has a positive impact on class management, it could encourage students to be responsible and could help students to see the class as a community. Additionally, it also helps to create a sense of civic duty. Based on the study, the author strongly recommends teachers to try to apply deliberative democracy as a way of class management. The study found that deliberative democracy provide a forum for students to discuss class affairs, it enables students to develop a self-governed ability. Therefore she suggests that the combination of deliberative democracy and education is a perfect way to prepare our students to be good citizens at an early stage.
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Chin, Joanna. "Creating the framework for a community engagement strategy for Our Street London : an action-oriented approach." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/650.
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Greater public participation has been recognized in the socio-political sphere as a growing imperative and a recent phenomenon is a shift in governance towards the "politics of inclusion" at the local and in some cases, the provincial level. Democracy is fundamental to sustainable development because when people participate in the decisions that affect their lives, they are more committed to their implementation. Once community buy-in is garnered, people are empowered to engage in organized action and advocate for the causes they stand for which can affect the necessary changes in moving towards a sustainable community. Our Street London is a grassroots collective that supports alternatives to mainstream modalities of transportation such as biking, walking, and public transportation, as well sustainable urban form. My objective is to understand the richness and detail of the social constructions of the actors in the lived environment. My research explores successful community engagement strategies and how the knowledge generated through the inquiry process can benefit Our Street London members to mobilize group capacity, hence affecting the future directions of the group. My main method of data collection consisted of semi-structured, open-ended interviews with experts on community engagement. Participants consisted of academics, long-time practitioners, and employees of small to medium-sized sustainability/environmental and social justice organizations. This research does have an action-oriented intent to work with Our Street London beyond the scope of this project in translating recommendations into action.
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Calyx, Cobi. "Tradeoffs in deliberative public engagement with science." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139367.
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During the last 30 years deliberative democracy and public
engagement with science have developed in theory and practice to
the extent that areas of consensus have emerged about good
deliberative public engagement in theory. This thesis argues that
in practice some areas of consensus require tradeoffs. Tradeoffs
help practitioners to make decisions in design that they will
otherwise have to navigate in process.
Other researchers have discussed five tensions in STS public
engagement; this thesis adapts three as tradeoffs. The tradeoffs
are representative or inclusive participation; public or
organisational ownership; and upstream or actionable outcomes.
These tradeoffs are analysed through three case studies of
deliberative public engagement with science in Australia.
The three case studies used two different methods of deliberative
public engagement with science, namely deliberative voting and
citizen’s jury methods. All of the case studies were examples
of invited participation, reflecting organisational ownership.
Public ownership is incompatible with invited participation,
given the role of an organising sponsor or group of people who
have power in designing deliberations. Criteria for good
deliberative public engagement with science can make power
imbalances transparent, but organisational norms remain evident
in outcomes.
Access to information varies in deliberative public engagement
with science. Organisational norms are revealed through what
information is chosen as relevant in design phases. What
information becomes part of a deliberative process depends on
which scientists present and with which expert witnesses are
available for participants to engage. In addition, communicative
actions of participants during processes can change what
information participants use to develop mutual understandings.
For example, in the second case study, live results of
attitudinal voting were shared on a screen during deliberations.
This may have influenced how participants engaged with each
other. Deliberations in the third case study were organised
around the report of an earlier commission, however personal
narratives shared by deliberators became extra sources of
information. Though much information is predesigned,
communicative actions during deliberations can have impacts.
Considering what information participants bring to deliberations
through their perspectives during recruitment is discursive
representation. In this thesis, all three case studies were
analysed for demographic representativeness. Some scholars have
argued discursive representativeness is more valuable for
deliberative public engagement with science. A diversity of
perspectives and knowledge increases the pool of arguments with
which participants can engage to develop mutual understandings.
However demographic representativeness is associated with
legitimacy and is easier to evaluate than discursive
representativeness.
An alternative to considering representativeness in recruitment
is inclusion. Full inclusion is rarely possible, given the scale
of issues, so inclusion of specific groups is more typical.
Engaging with specific groups can also address systemic power
imbalances and ensure voices that may otherwise be left out of
the public sphere are included. There is no claim to
representativeness in deliberations among specific groups. Thus
deliberative public engagement with science among specific groups
is more valuable if iterated across multiple sites of place and
time. These iterations can be linked together in a decentred
deliberative democracy strategy.
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Huang, Li-Yi, and 黃莉宜. "Action Research on Deliberative Class Meeting for Improving Junior High School Students’ Democratic Practical Abilities─An Example of One Ninth-grade Class in Keelung." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83385089120691103544.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
教育研究所
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The purpose of this study is, through deliberative class meetings, to promote junior high school students’ democratic practical abilities. The subjects of this study are twenty-five 9th grade students in a junior high school in Keelung. Through action research, the researcher implemented deliberative class meeting for twenty classes during eighteen weeks. While， the researcher collected information from the reflective journals of the teachers, the observation from the collaborative teaching teachers, the worksheet of the deliberative class meeting from the students, the meeting minutes of the experts from the junior high school, and students weekly journals. The main results of the research are as follows: 1. Deliberative class meetings truly improve students’ democratic practical abilities. The analysis is shown as follows: Students’ abilities of solving problems rationally, respecting others, communicating with each other and expressing themselves, and participating in the discussion are improved significantly. 2. The deliberative class meeting was found to be effective when being carried out in three stages: 1) Guiding stage: this stage includes preparing before class, encouraging and motivating students, describing and setting rules, grouping students, and practicing how to listen to others, communicating with each other, and express themselves properly. 2) Formal discussing stage: this stage includes preparing before class, reporting from the experts and discussing . 3) Evaluating stage: this stage includes describing the results and sharing and feedback time. 3. The factors influencing deliberative class meetings were found in this research: Student’s individual problems, the arrangement of the classes at school, the pressure of the high school entrance exam, the support from students’ parents and the faculty of the school, the feedback from other teachers at school.
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Těmín, Kristián. "Hannah Arendtová o demokracii." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410711.
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The thesis deals with the specific problem of Hannah Arendt's positive political project which has never been a central topic for her. She rather reflects political phenomenon from ancient Greek polis to modern times of mass society in the second half of the 20th Century. She assumes that one of the human conditions is acting - political activity. On the one hand, this activity needs a specific space for demonstrating itself. On the other hand, this activity presupposes the equality of acting people. However, these presuppositions have been disfigured during the growth of the society. This thesis examines the positive political project of Hannah Arendt which stands as a remedy of disfigured political space. We start with Arendt's theory of freedom and contrast it with Isaiah Berlin's theory. Then we describe the concept of acting and explain why has been disfigured during modernity. Finally, we show why we can call Arendt's positive political project or regime as a democratic one. We identify two moments (moment of deliberation and moment of participation) which are essential for understanding Arendt's political project. Then we deal with the problem of elites which is explicitly in her thoughts. But we show an interpretation which is based on J. C. Isaac article that real political space for...
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Richards, Garrett Ward. "Climate Change Action through Co-Productive Design in Science-Policy Partnerships at Municipal, Provincial, and National Levels of Government." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6975.
Full textAbstract:
Why is it that the international scientific consensus on climate change has not been followed by a proportionate policy response in Canada? Perhaps the relationships between the country’s science organizations and government agencies are not functioning properly. My research adopts an interdisciplinary approach (i.e. science studies and political science) to this issue, highlighting the relevant literature’s underlying consensus on co-production, a norm of deliberative two-way engagement between scientists and policy-makers. I hypothesize that relationships embodying elements of co-productive design (e.g. informal communication, appointed liaisons) are more likely to facilitate climate action. To test this, I examine three cases of climate science-policy partnership in Canada by interviewing participants from both sides. The partnership between the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium and BC municipalities exhibits substantial influence on policy, tied to a considerable degree of co-productive design. The partnership between the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions and the Climate Action Secretariat of the BC provincial government also displays notable design characteristics, but primarily facilitates side benefits and soft influences rather than concrete policy changes. The attempted partnership between the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the federal government exhibits few elements of co-productive design and has been effectively terminated, demonstrating the prerequisite importance of political interest. The relevant literature is not sufficiently nuanced to fully predict or explain these situations, so I put forward a new theoretical model. My science-policy relationship hierarchy (SPRHi) suggests that each such case can be classified as incidental interaction, basic partnership, interactive dialogue, or true co-production. It specifies the conditions which must be met for any given relationship to improve, maximizing potential benefits and influences. Concrete policy changes seem to result only from true co-production, though, which generally requires exceptional external requirements and thus cannot be deliberately facilitated. As such, co-productive design ultimately does not offer a clear way to address Canada’s climate inaction. I suggest that further research be conducted on international coordination mechanisms, public attitudes, and (especially) political leadership. However, the soft influences of science-policy partnerships may affect these broader factors in unpredictable ways, so the importance of co-productive design should not be underestimated.Graduate
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Horáčková, Martina. "Hledání společné vize. Občanská veřejnost v dílech Jürgena Habermase." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368829.
Full textAbstract:
Public power in democratic society emanates from the citizens and is, in its turn, responsible to them. The citizens are entitled to observe, scrutinize and influence it. The public consists of private individuals actively engaged in public affairs and coordinating this activity with others. The present essay is concerned with Jürgen Habermasʼ concepts of the public in his The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Theory of Communicative Action, and Between Facts and Norms. At first, these works are interpreted and critically evaluated here. Then, the issue of the public is developed with special emphasis on the concept as it is elaborated in Between Facts and Norms. This essay tries to characterize the civil public and pursues the question how it is positioned in the larger frame of the civil society. The public is studied from the point of view of its influence in society. Habermas ascribes a substantial role to the public, for, according to his idea of the deliberative democracy, the public takes a part in the democratic processes of lawmaking and that by means of a dialogue with the public power. In this perspective, the public is conceived of as communicative power. This dissertation concentrates on the origins and forming of the communicative power and the ensuing process of its...
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Pinto, Maria Alcide Gonçalves da Mota Baptista. "Governância colaborativa para a preservação e valores dos serviços dos ecossistemas e da biodiversidade da Serra da Aboboreia : proposta para uma gestão sustentável." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/1937.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Cidadania Ambiental e Participação apresentada à Universidade AbertaA democracia deliberativa impõe novos formatos de participação pública que promovem um maior envolvimento dos cidadãos em processos complexos de tomada de decisão. Esta nova forma de governância, por sua vez, vai exigir que a Administração do território e as instituições democráticas adoptem novos modelos de gestão permitindo maior partilha de poder, tornando o Estado parceiro do cidadão. Por outro lado, as várias estratégias e políticas, em matéria de ambiente, reforçam a necessidade do cidadão ser mais participativo e colaborante em acções para a conservação da biodiversidade e a preservação dos serviços de ecossistemas que visam o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável e salvaguarda de um futuro comum. A presente dissertação terá por objectivo ensaiar uma proposta de gestão participada para a Serra da Aboboreira (Baixo Tâmega), através do instrumento Plano de Parceria colocando em prática a boa governância.
The deliberative democracy implies new public participation forms that enhance a bigger citizen’s involvement in the complex processes of decision making. On the other hand, this new way of governance will demand that Public Administration of the territory and the democratic institutions to adopt new management styles that allows a wider shared power and that make the State and Citizens as partners. Another issue are the several environment strategies and policies that reinforce the citizen need of being more collaborative and participant in actions towards the biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of the ecosystems services whose aim is to achieve the sustainable development and to ensure a common future. The present thesis has the mission to experiment a proposal of participatory management for Serra da Aboboreira (Baixo Tâmega), through a Plano de Parceria (Partnership Plan) as a tool to good governance.