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1
Jarle, Weigård, ed. Understanding Habermas: Communicative action and deliberative democracy. London, United Kingdom: Continuum, 2003.
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2
Hahn, Allison. Media Culture in Nomadic Communities. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723022.
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Media Culture in Nomadic Communities examines the ways that new technologies and ICT infrastructures have changed the communicative norms and patterns that regulate mobile and nomadic communities’ engagement in local and international deliberative decision-making. Each chapter examines a unique communicative event, such has how the Maasai of Tanzania have used online petitions to demand government action, how Mongolians in northern China have used microblogs to record and debate land tenure, and how herding communities from around the world have supported the Lakota Sioux protests at Standing Rock. Through these case studies, Hahn argues that mobile and nomadic communities are creating and utilizing new communicative networks that are radically changing local, national, and international deliberations.
3
Holladay, Thomas. Deliberate Justice. Cinema Enterprises, 2021.
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4
Bunev, Seth. Screenfarers: Nurturing Deliberate Action in a Digital World. Cladonia Press, 2021.
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5
Tojeiro, Kate. Art of Possible: New Habits, Neuroscience and the Power of Deliberate Action. Black Mustang Press, 2015.
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6
Palmer, Stephen. Deliberate release of zoonotic agents. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0002.
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Since 9/11 2001, international attention has once again focused on the risks to human and animal health from the deliberate release of infectious or toxic chemical agents. In theory any agent could be used by terrorists and disaffected people, but the most serious risk for infectious agents are mainly zoonotic (Franz et al. 1997). Three modes of exposure may be anticipated, inhalation of powder or spray or dust from explosives, direct contact or inoculation from an explosion, and ingestion. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) list 19 bioterrorism agents or groups of agents of which 14 are zoonotic. In Category A are 6 agents which can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person, that result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact, which might cause public panic and social disruption and which require special action from public health preparedness. Of these 6, four are zoonoses — Anthrax, Plague, Tularaemia and Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers. In Category B, are 12 groups of agents, which are moderately easy to disseminate and cause moderate morbidity. Of these 12 groups, 8 contain zoonoses: Brucellosis, Food Safety threats (e.g. Salmonella, E.coli 0157, Campylobacter), Meliodiosis, Psittacoccosis, Q Fever, Typhus, Viral encephalitis, Water safety threats (e.g. Cryptosporidium).
7
Lewis, Era. Woman's Guide : Cultivating Everyday Personal Magnificence: Sow a Life of Positive and Deliberate Action. Independently Published, 2019.
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8
Mason, Peggy. From Movement to Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0023.
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Tracts descending from motor control centers in the brainstem and cortex target motor interneurons and in select cases motoneurons. The mechanisms and constraints of postural control are elaborated and the effect of body mass on posture discussed. Feed-forward reflexes that maintain posture during standing and other conditions of self-motion are described. The role of descending tracts in postural control and the pathological posturing is described. Pyramidal (corticospinal and corticobulbar) and extrapyramidal control of body and face movements is contrasted. Special emphasis is placed on cortical regions and tracts involved in deliberate control of facial expression; these pathways are contrasted with mechanisms for generating emotional facial expressions. The signs associated with lesions of either motoneurons or motor control centers are clearly detailed. The mechanisms and presentation of cerebral palsy are described. Finally, understanding how pre-motor cortical regions generate actions is used to introduce apraxia, a disorder of action.
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Anderson, Rob J. Tarnished Heels: How Unethical Action and Deliberate Deceipt at the University of North Carolina Ended the Carolina Way. Strategic Media Books, 2014.
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10
Callard, Agnes. Akrasia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190639488.003.0005.
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The standard analysis of weak-willed (akratic) action is that the agent acts on a reason she acknowledges as weaker than another she could have acted on. I argue that it does not make sense to think that the akratic “adds up” all her reasons and then opts to act on the weaker set. Instead, we must conclude that the akratic is unable to add up the relevant considerations, because she is intrinsically conflicted. Intrinsically conflicted agents inhabit two evaluative perspectives at the same time, but only one of them—the dominant perspective—governs their deliberative activity. The akratic acts against her deliberation, because she is motivated by the subordinate evaluative perspective from which she does not deliberate. She acts on reasons her reasoning failed to take into account. Akrasia occurs because agents sometimes need to make use of—deliberate from—values they don’t (fully) have.
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Levine, Peter. What Should We Do? Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197570494.001.0001.
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Active and responsible citizens form or join and sustain functional groups in which they ask the fundamental civic question: What should we do? In these groups, they characteristically face problems of collective action (such as free-riding), of discourse (e.g., propaganda and ideology), and of exclusion. Elinor Ostrom and the Bloomington School of political economy demonstrate that collective-action problems can be solved and suggest “design principles” that increase the odds of success. Jürgen Habermas argues that people can deliberate; experiments with deliberative democracy offer insights about what makes these conversations go well. Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. offer models of nonviolent social movements that indicate how to address problems of exclusion. Good civic action requires insights from these three traditions of theory and practice. This book concludes with a synthesis of the three traditions that also addresses the challenge of scale: how to preserve intentional, ethical, collective action when millions or billions of people are involved. The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955–1956 and the current Black Lives Matter movement provide detailed examples. This book also proposes an alternative approach to political theory that focuses on individuals in voluntary groups rather than governments or whole societies.
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Greenberg, Edward S., John J. Harrigan, and Benjamin PAge. Deliberative Democracy in Action. Pearson Custom Publishing, 2005.
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13
Steiner, Jürg. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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14
Steiner, Jürg, André Bächtiger, Markus Spörndli, and Marco R. Steenbergen. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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15
Steiner, Jürg, André Bächtiger, Markus Spörndli, and Marco R. Steenbergen. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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16
Understanding Habermas: Communicative Action and Deliberative Democracy. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004.
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17
Steiner, Jürg, André Bächtiger, Markus Spörndli, Marco R. Steenbergen, and Robert E. Goodin. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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18
Bächtiger, André, Markus Spörndli, Marco R. Steenbergen, and Jurg Steiner. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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19
Levitt, Jeremy I. Black Women and International Law: Deliberate Interactions, Movements and Actions. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
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20
Levitt, Jeremy I. Black Women and International Law: Deliberate Interactions, Movements and Actions. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
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21
Black Women and International Law: Deliberate Interactions, Movements and Actions. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
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22
Levitt, Jeremy I. Black Women and International Law: Deliberate Interactions, Movements and Actions. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
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23
Gerken, Mikkel. The Epistemic Norms of Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 concerns the normative relationship between action and knowledge ascriptions. Arguments are provided against a Knowledge Norm of Action (KNAC) and in favor of the Warrant-Action norm (WA). According to WA, S must be adequately warranted in believing that p relative to her deliberative context to meet the epistemic requirements for acting on p. WA is developed by specifying the deliberative context and by arguing that its explanatory power exceeds that of knowledge norms. A general conclusion is that the knowledge norm is an important example of a folk epistemological principle that does not pass muster as an epistemological principle. More generally, Chapter 6 introduces the debates about epistemic normativity and develops a specific epistemic norm of action.
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Lamb, Michael. Ethics for Climate Change Communicators. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.564.
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Over the last decade, scholars have devoted significant attention to making climate change communication more effective but less attention to ensuring that it is ethical. This neglect risks blurring the distinction between persuasion and manipulation, generating distrust among audiences, and obscuring the conceptual resources needed to guide communicators.Three prevailing approaches to moral philosophy can illuminate various ethical considerations involved in communicating climate change. Consequentialism, which evaluates actions as morally right or wrong according to their consequences, is the implicit moral framework shared by many social scientists and policymakers interested in climate change. While consequentialism rightly emphasizes the consequences of communication, its exclusive focus on the effectiveness of communication tends to obscure other moral considerations, such as what communicators owe to audiences as a matter of duty or respect. Deontology better captures these duties and provides grounds for communicating in ways that respect the rights of citizens to deliberate and decide how to act. But because deontology tends to cast ethics as an abstract set of universalizable principles, it often downplays the virtues of character needed to motivate action and apply principles across a variety of contexts. Virtue ethics seeks to overcome the limits of both consequentialism and deontology by focusing on the virtues that individuals and communities need to flourish. While virtue ethics is often criticized for failing to provide a concrete blueprint for action, its conception of moral development and thick vocabulary of virtues and vices offer a robust set of practical and conceptual resources for guiding the actions, attitudes, and relationships that characterize climate change communication. Ultimately, all three approaches highlight moral considerations that should inform the ethics of communicating climate change.
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Steiner, Jürg, André Bächtiger, Markus Spörndli, and Marco R. Steenbergen. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse (Theories of Institutional Design). Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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26
Steiner, Jürg, André Bächtiger, Markus Spörndli, and Marco R. Steenbergen. Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse (Theories of Institutional Design). Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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27
Arent, Douglas, Channing Arndt, Mackay Miller, Finn Tarp, and Owen Zinaman, eds. Introduction and Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0001.
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Climate change is frequently referred to as one of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century. The authors of this chapter concur. In broad terms, the climate challenge is relatively straightforward. Global average temperatures are rising as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. In the absence of deliberate and global action to substantially reduce and then eliminate (or even turn net negative) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, global temperature rise within this century is very likely to surpass two degrees Celsius (IPCC 2014), which is the (somewhat arbitrary) threshold set by the international community as a tolerable level. Continuation of current levels of emissions or continued growth in emissions throughout the twenty-first century could result in warming far above the two- degree threshold with very bad implications for the planet, for human societies, particularly poor people.
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Ahlbäck Öberg, Shirin. Introduction. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.42.
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The contributions in this section reveal the constitutional design of Sweden. Considering the number of fundamental laws and the length of the Instrument of Government (IG), the impression might be that constitutional principles are of great importance in Swedish political life. However, Swedish political culture is best described as pragmatic and consensual, where the government’s ability to take action has been given deliberate precedence over constitutional ideas that focus on limiting government under higher law. Furthermore, from a constitutional design perspective, Sweden is an interesting case. During the previous IG of 1809, which was based on the principle of separation of powers, comprehensive changes in the practice of government were made without any corresponding amendments of the IG itself. The most noteworthy of these changes were the introduction of universal suffrage, parliamentarism, and the abolition of the Parliament of the Four Estates, which was replaced by a bicameral system.
29
Democracy in a Time of Misery: From Spectacular Tragedies to Deliberative Action. Oxford University Press, 2019.
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30
Roos, Rhonda J. Deliberate and Courageous Principal: Ten Leadership Actions and Skills to Create High-Achieving Schools. Solution Tree, 2021.
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31
Browning, Birch P. An Orientation to Musical Pedagogy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928200.001.0001.
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Novice music educators often experience conflict between their roles as teachers and their roles as musicians. The broad purpose of this text is to assist pre-service music teachers as they begin the transition from students to professional educators and musicians by challenging what they think they know about those two distinct yet complementary roles. Rather than perpetuating existing practice, these future educators are encouraged to build their own new vision for music curriculum and education by examining the "big concepts" of teaching and musicianship based on several research-based ideas: (1) There's no such thing as talent, (2) effective teachers have specialized knowledge about their subject, students, pedagogy, and instructional context, and (3) musicianship is not magic. More important, through deliberate thought and action, pre-service music teachers can learn the concepts and practices of expert teachers and musicians and incorporate them into the music classroom. Attention is given to how students learn and to designing and delivering engaging classroom instruction.
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Yamamoto, Eric K. The 1980s Coram Nobis Cases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878955.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the Korematsu, Hirabayashi, and Yasui coram nobis reopenings of the World War II curfew and exclusion cases. The mid-1980s coram nobis courts made startling findings of egregious unethical misconduct at the government’s highest levels in justifying the curfew, removal, and incarceration. A cache of previously hidden World War II government documents revealed frantic efforts by War and Justice Departments leaders to deliberately mislead the Supreme Court and American public and to alter and fabricate key evidence on national security. The chapter enfolds Acting U.S. Solicitor General Neal Katyal’s unprecedented 2012 “Confession of Error” acknowledging the World War II solicitor general’s deliberate and prejudicial misrepresentations to the Supreme Court. It closes by highlighting the outcome of pervasive government disinformation on security and court passivity: the judiciary’s legal validation of the political branches’ prolonged deprivation of a vulnerable group’s liberty on an unfounded claim of urgent need.
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Beard, Jennifer. Teaching Public Health Writing. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197576465.001.0001.
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Abstract Teaching Public Health Writing argues that public health schools and programs need to make writing practice and mentoring central to the curriculum. Writing is a process that demands patience, humility, and deliberate practice. Write, revise, submit, receive feedback, revise again. All writers develop their confidence, patience, and voice over the course of their lives. Public health students are learning to understand and translate technical content from a wide array of disciplines into clear, concise, engaging documents for vastly different audiences and purposes. It’s a time-consuming, anxiety-inducing, and painstaking process. Yet, many public health professors expect their students to arrive in their graduate and upper-level undergraduate classes already knowing how to write engaging and informative policy briefs, literature reviews, research proposals, and many other types of technical documents. This is an unrealistic expectation that undermines both students and their professors. The author blends composition theory with a multilevel social determinants analysis, the life course, harm reduction, and other public health approaches to offer a new way to think about the place of writing in public health education. This call to action offers recommendations for mentoring student writers, supporting professors, and fostering writing community and dialogue at the institutional level.
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Baker, Courtney R., ed. Civil Rights and Battered Bodies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039485.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the publication of images depicting violence against people engaged in acts of nonviolent resistance, suggesting that these acts are deliberately choreographed dramatizations of racial injustice. It links the overarching goals of the civil rights movement to the enduring struggle for black humanity in America by focusing on the violence encountered during nonviolent actions and the aesthetics of their visual documentation through photography and documentary footage. The chapter highlights the strategy of nonviolent direct action that was taken up during the freedom rides, lunch-counter integrations, and marches of the 1960s as stark illustrations of the infringements upon black humanity and freedom of expression endured and indeed endorsed in the southern United States.
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Ballestero, Andrea, and Brit Ross Winthereik, eds. Experimenting with Ethnography. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013211.
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Experimenting with Ethnography collects twenty-one essays that open new paths for doing ethnographic analysis. The contributors—who come from a variety of intellectual and methodological traditions—enliven analysis by refusing to take it as an abstract, disembodied exercise. Rather, they frame it as a concrete mode of action and a creative practice. Encompassing topics ranging from language and the body to technology and modes of collaboration, the essays invite readers to focus on the imaginative work that needs to be performed prior to completing an argument. Whether exchanging objects, showing how to use drawn images as a way to analyze data, or working with smartphones, sound recordings, and social media as analytic devices, the contributors explore the deliberate processes for pursuing experimental thinking through ethnography. Practical and broad in theoretical scope, Experimenting with Ethnography is an indispensable companion for all ethnographers. Contributors. Patricia Alvarez Astacio, Andrea Ballestero, Ivan da Costa Marques, Steffen Dalsgaard, Endre Dányi, Marisol de la Cadena, Marianne de Laet, Carolina Domínguez Guzmán, Rachel Douglas-Jones, Clément Dréano, Joseph Dumit, Melanie Ford Lemus, Elaine Gan, Oliver Human, Alberto Corsín Jiménez, Graham M. Jones, Trine Mygind Korsby, Justine Laurent, James Maguire, George E. Marcus, Annemarie Mol, Sarah Pink, Els Roding, Markus Rudolfi, Ulrike Scholtes, Anthony Stavrianakis, Lucy Suchman, Katie Ulrich, Helen Verran, Else Vogel, Antonia Walford, Karen Waltorp, Laura Watts, Brit Ross Winthereik
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Białas, Karolina, Kalina Słaboszowska, and Sylwia Śmiechowicz, eds. Złe kobiety czy zła sława? Negatywne wizerunki kobiet na przestrzeni dziejów. University of Warsaw Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323546207.
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The books presents the results of research on negative images of women in different historical periods. The authors deliberate whether the attitudes associated with “evil” women change throughout history and if the same actions taken by men and women are judged in the same way. The research is based on the variety of sources: from ancient philosophy to contemporary press.
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Norrie, Kenneth McK. A History of Scottish Child Protection Law. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444170.001.0001.
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This book explores the development of Scottish child protection law from its earliest days in the poor law, tracing the changing assumptions that underlay child protection processes, and the radical shift of emphasis from private (charitable) endeavour to public (local authority) duty. This book looks at the developing legal processes for removing children from abusive or neglectful environments, explores how child offenders and child victims came to be dealt with in the same processes, and examines the reasons why Scots law has managed to continue to cleave its own procedural path in the contemporary world. It explores both processes and outcomes, explaining how the juvenile court evolved into the children’s hearing, and it examines the substantive continuities between the various orders that could be made over children. The regulation of boarding out and fostering of children is compared with the regulation of institutional care, and the evolution of aftercare provisions is explained. The book also offers an analysis of the (dubious) legal basis for the Imperial practice of sending troubled children to the colonies, as part of a deliberate policy of spreading British “stock” across the world. The final chapter traces the origins and statutory control of the practice of adoption of children, from its days as an informal arrangement through its early manifestation as a minor action changing status to its present position as the most radical order that a court of law can make.
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Kozak, Mariusz. Enacting Musical Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080204.001.0001.
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What is musical time? Where is it manifested? How does it show up in our experience, and how do we capture it in our analyses? Enacting Musical Time offers several answers to these questions by considering musical time as the form of the listener’s interaction with music. Building on evidence from music theory, phenomenology, cognitive science, and social anthropology, the book develops a philosophical and critical argument that musical time is created by the moving bodies of participants engaged in musical activities. The central thesis is that musical time describes the form of a specific kind of interaction between musical sounds and a situated, embodied listener. This musical time emerges when the listener enacts his or her implicit kinesthetic knowledge about “how music goes”—knowledge expressed in the entire spectrum of behavior, from deliberate inactivity, through the simple action of tapping one’s foot in synchrony with the beat, to dancing in a way that engages the whole body. This idea is explored in the context of recent Western classical art music, where composers create temporal experiences that might feel unfamiliar or idiosyncratic, that blur the line between spectatorship and participation, and even challenge conventional notions of musical form. Basing the discussion on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, and on the ecological psychology of J. J. Gibson, the volume examines different aspects of musical structure through the lens of embodied cognition and what phenomenologists call “lived time,” or time as it shows up in human lives.
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Robins, Nicholas A. Colonial Latin America. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0016.
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This article explores the genocides of conquest and colonization in Latin America, highlighting the shortcomings of conventional definitions of genocide. According to some interpretations of the 1948 UN Convention on genocide, it is possible to have a ‘genocide’ free of death. Actions causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group are legally considered genocide, yet can be interpreted as not necessarily involving mass killing even when the object is the destruction of a group. Likewise, although in a broader intellectual context, deliberate cultural destruction, or ethnocide, and the deliberate elimination of languages, or linguicide, are also often considered genocide. On the other hand, the unintended extinction or near extinction of a people from disease, a literal genocide and what could also be termed ‘collateral genocide’, is not considered genocide according to the UN Convention.
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Nolfi, Kate. Food Choices and Moral Character. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.24.
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This chapter argues that morally unreflective and non-deliberative actions and choices manifest an important dimension of people’s moral characters, one that has often been overlooked or underemphasized by philosophers. Many of the choices that people make and the actions that they perform in the course of eating are significantly dissociated from moral reflection and deliberation, and so a careful study thereof promises to help illuminate the connection between moral characters and all that people do in the absence of moral deliberation and reflection. In that spirit, this chapter explores how and why it makes sense to think that the way people eat manifests their moral characters, and then investigates what a person’s morally unreflective and non-deliberative food- and diet-related choices and actions may reveal about whether (and to what extent) the person is praiseworthy or admirable, qua moral agent.
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Gold, Roberta. “Territorio Libre”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038181.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the work of young radicals in the Black Panthers, Young Lords Party, student left, and lower-profile neighborhood groups who sought to establish community say over housing during the Vietnam War period. It first provides an overview of ghetto radicalism in the late 1960s before turning to school activism and the involvement of women radicals in the housing struggle under the banner of community control. It then considers the emergence of the squatter movement, along with the squatter actions launched by young radicals in collaboration with older activists in an attempt to preserve ome of New York's scarce low-rent housing stock. It also discusses the interaction between Old and New Left housing organizers that amplified the feminist awakenings taking place in New York during this period. In particular, it looks at how young people who became active with Met Council on Housing were mentored by women whose brand of feminism focused on a deliberate analysis of sexual exploitation.
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Brownstein, Michael. Deliberation and Spontaneity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633721.003.0006.
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This chapter argues that in some contexts, deliberation may have a limited role to play in making our spontaneous reactions more virtuous. The chapter begins by considering the arguments of Peter Railton, and Nomy Arpaly and Timothy Schroeder, that deliberation cannot be foundational for action. Then, the chapter examines cases in which agents appear to act ethically in spite of their deliberative reasoning. Even perfect deliberation can undermine ethical action, the chapter argues. In the case of overcoming implicit bias, the relationship between spontaneity and deliberation is fraught too. Even when deliberation appears to be playing a central role in guiding our decisions and behavior, things may be considerably more complicated.
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Blidstein, Moshe. Purity and Defilement in the Greco-Roman East and in Judaism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791959.003.0002.
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This chapter describes how purity and defilement were practiced and discussed in diverse cults throughout the Hellenistic and Roman Empires and in contemporary Judaism. There were several types of purity and defilement. The first, a “truce” impurity perception, was temporary and mundane, a defilement occurring when there was an obstruction to the normal order or when categories were mixed up. A second type, the “battle” impurity perception, followed exceptional actions, typically deliberate, such as murder or adultery. Here purification required both punishment by the community and ritual actions, such as sacrifice. A third type became more and more significant in the first centuries CE. This was the defilement of the individual by his or her evil actions and dispositions, conceptualized at times as a “defilement of the soul,” and its purification through asceticism, philosophy, or repentance. Though purity and defilement also featured in Greco-Roman religion, it received an unusually central role in Judaism.
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Blidstein, Moshe. Early Christian Attitudes Towards Dietary Impurity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791959.003.0003.
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This chapter describes how purity and defilement were practiced and discussed in diverse cults throughout the Hellenistic and Roman Empires and in contemporary Judaism. There were several types of purity and defilement. The first, a “truce” impurity perception, was temporary and mundane, a defilement occurring when there was an obstruction to the normal order or when categories were mixed up. A second type, the “battle” impurity perception, followed exceptional actions, typically deliberate, such as murder or adultery. Here purification required both punishment by the community and ritual actions, such as sacrifice. A third type became more and more significant in the first centuries CE. This was the defilement of the individual by his or her evil actions and dispositions, conceptualized at times as a “defilement of the soul,” and its purification through asceticism, philosophy, or repentance. Though purity and defilement also featured in Greco-Roman religion, it received an unusually central role in Judaism.
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Fishkin, James S. Making Deliberation Practical. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820291.003.0003.
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Eight criteria are discussed for microcosms or mini-publics that can offer input to policy. These include demographic and attitudinal representativeness, sample size, the opportunity to engage policy arguments for and against proposals for action, knowledge gain, opinion change, distortions from polarization and domination by the more advantaged, and whether there are identifiable reasons for the final considered judgments. These criteria are applied in depth to four case studies from different parts of the world: California (on a statewide basis), the city of Ulaanbaatar (capital of Mongolia), two projects in Uganda (in Bududa and Butaleja), and a European-wide Deliberative Poll in Brussels engaging a sample from all twenty-seven countries deliberating in twenty-two languages. These four cases illustrate the prospects and challenges of applying Deliberative Polling to specific policy choices. They illustrate different entry points for the considered judgments of the public. Both qualitative and quantitative data are considered in each project.
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Baynes, Kenneth. 31. Habermas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0031.
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This chapter examines Jürgen Habermas's major contributions to social and political thought. Habermas is regarded as one of the most influential figures in contemporary political theory. In his later work Habermas has begun to expand the normative political implications of his work in social theory and philosophy, culminating in Between Facts and Norms. This chapter first provides an overview of Habermas's earlier work, especially his study on the transformation of the liberal or bourgeois public sphere, before discussing his theory of communicative action (or action based on mutually supposed validity claims). It then considers Habermas's attempt, in Between Facts and Norms, to develop an account of deliberative politics anchored on the idea of political legitimacy and concludes with an analysis of cosmopolitanism as well as his views on discourse theory, democracy, the system of rights, and ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ publics.
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Small, Mario Luis. Because They Were There. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661427.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how much the graduate students’ decisions about approaching confidants were deliberative as opposed to spontaneous—whether they assessed pros and cons before deciding whom to ask or instead spontaneously spilled their emotions on the spot. It first considers the standard assumption in theories of purposive action across the social sciences that deliberation precedes action. It then discusses three decisions that a person inherently makes when he or she mobilizes his or her network: to seek help, to select a confidant, and to activate the tie. The chapter suggests that the extent to which their activation decisions were incidental or spontaneous, rather than reflective, depended in part on the context of students’ interactions with others. It argues that students often found themselves confiding in someone not because they had planned it, but simply because the confidant was present and available when needed.
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Kamrava, Mehran. Troubled Waters. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501720352.001.0001.
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This book examines the causes and consequences of each of those dynamics, both individually and collectively, that have made this small waterway and its surrounding areas one of the most volatile and tension-filled regions in the world. This pervasive insecurity, the book argues, is largely a product of four interrelated developments. The examination of these four central developments forms the central basis around which the book’s arguments are organized. Briefly, they include preoccupation with “conventional” security threats at the expense of pervasive, though largely intangible, non-conventional “critical security” issues; the flawed nature of the prevailing security architecture, which, ironically, perpetuates regional insecurity; the deliberate actions and policies of the regional and extra-regional actors involved in the Persian Gulf; and, the self-reinforcing nature of the region’s security dilemma.
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Gaztambide, María C. El Techo de la Ballena. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400707.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In El Techo de la Ballena, María C. Gaztambi depresents an account of the visual arts production of the Caracas-based collective El Techo de la Ballena (active 1961−69). In spite of evident convergences with other global art tendencies, these radicalized artists from Venezuela anchored their multidisciplinary interventions in a fundamental retrograde stance which, in the author’s view, represented a deliberate inversion of an internationallyaligned modernity hinging on the need for constant evolution and progress in the visual arts. El Techo’s against-the-grain position became the basis for a disorderly project of grief that counteracted the swiftness by which Venezuela fast-tracked its modernization (in the sense of material and technological progress) and consumed international modernism (its cultural production). Against this fragmentary development, El Techo deployed an integrated approach to art-making that included artworks with multiple meanings, alternative exhibition spaces, politicized actions, as well as highly confrontational printed materials. All these elements came together into a single, indivisible body of work merging the visual, the poetic, the performative, and the political. Yet Venezuela’s eroded local environment required an outright unsettling through extreme scatological content and strategies that the balleneros qualified as “a biological art, violently exuded from our bowels…” Theirs was a total output that tested the limits of art to provoke an anesthetized local public under the motto of cambiar la vida, transformar la sociedad(to change life, to transform society).
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Langer, Ullrich. Montaigne on Virtue and Ethics. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.29.
Full textAbstract:
This article distinguishes three approaches to Montaigne’s Essays from the perspective of ethics: first, a view of the writer as an agreeable friend or companion to us, and his writing as a compilation of charming practical advice on how to get more out of life; second, Montaigne as a systematic moral philosopher, despite his often unsystematic writing, arguing for propositions that he defends more or less well with proofs and examples; third, Montaigne’s Essays as arising out of a moral culture steeped in the virtues that are incarnated in actions and narrative and assume praise and blame and judgment. I follow this third approach, defining virtue as a deliberate and habitual activity, analyzing several chapters that deal explicitly with different virtues and often the difficulty in discerning and judging them (especially temperance, prudence, courage), and then considering the question of whether Montaigne represents himself as a virtuous man.