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1
Singhania, Monica, and R. Venkatesh. "Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd: measuring beyond the metrics." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, no. 2 (May 25, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211228383.
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Subject area The focus is on a performance management system and its strategic alignment using a Balanced scorecard in a Public Private Partnership framework. This case study analyses the situation for Tata Power Delhi Distribution (TPDD) which needs to realign its strategy to meet the emerging sustainability challenges of inclusive growth and combating the climate change. The case covers the field of strategic management, strategy formulation and performance management system deployment using the balanced scorecard. It touches upon the emerging need for corporates to look beyond economic signals and take social and environmental impacts into strategy planning process. Study level/applicability The case can be used in the following courses; post graduate program in public administration; MBA/Post graduate program in management in strategic management; executive training program for Government executives in public sector organizations to highlight the concept of performance management system in PPP companies. Case overview After the initial tumultuous years, TPDD emerged as one of the efficient power distribution companies in Delhi region. One of the major management tools that was helpful to achieve this was the balanced scorecard. TPDD's general manager for corporate strategy & planning reviewed the process and the due diligence that went into designing and implementing the balanced scorecard. Now, after the balanced scorecard success story, he along with Dr Ganesh Das, Head of Group – Strategy wants to take it to a next level and integrate their strategies related to inclusive growth of community and combating the ill effects of climate change. They believe that the balanced scorecard method that had helped them to achieve their strategic goals will help them to achieve future objectives too. But whether the existing four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process and learning and growth would adequately address the emerging challenges or whether there was a need to introduce a new perspective – “The Social Perspective” – is what they contemplate in the case. Expected learning outcomes The case can be used to teach the following: the importance of strategy in an organization and how it helps the firms to realize their stated vision; to highlight the process of strategy formulation and its deployment; to help students realize the difficulties in realizing a strategic goal through performance management system; use the balanced scorecard as an effective tool for strategy deployment and organizational alignment; to introduce students the concept of sustainability in the organization and emerging global challenges; and to illustrate the complexities involved in a strategic planning process Supplementary materials Teaching notes.
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Karmacharya, Sharad B. "Lessons to be Learned from the Experience of Electricity Reforms in India." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 11 (July 7, 2012): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7158.
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The electricity sectors in India have been undergoing significant reforms since nineties. The initial status of the electricity sector when reform of the industry was initiated was very similar across all states in India. The state electricity boards prior to reform were vertically integrated public utilities, the distribution companies had significant technical and commercial losses and the state utilities were in poor financial health. Most states in India shared similar stories; however, when these states reformed their electricity sector in the nineties, we see differences in the current market structure despite all states having started with similar industry organization. In this paper, we carry out case studies of electricity sector reforms in Orissa, Delhi and Karnataka. These three cases have been selected for their diversity in approaches to electricity reform. What motivated these states to reform? What types of market designs are currently in place and why market designs differed in these states? We analyse these cases and aim to explain the differences in sector performances and extract some lessons in the context of Nepal’s electricity sector.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i0.7158 Hydro Nepal Vol.11 2011 pp.29-36
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Sinha, Praveer, Ravi Shankar, Prem Vrat, and Shweta Mathur. "Power distribution reforms." Journal of Advances in Management Research 17, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 226–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-02-2019-0023.
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Purpose Distribution and retail supply of electricity is the most important cog in the power sector value chain. Despite several reforms, most of the Discoms are facing huge financial losses and resorting to a tariff hike which may not be a viable solution. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a case study of Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd (Tata Power-DDL) which inoculated itself against the financial ills, and demonstrates how a utility can nurture itself and manage the key stakeholder expectation with innovation, ethics, safety, transparency and agility being its cornerstone. Design/methodology/approach The study analyses the situation for Tata Power-DDL which needs to realign its strategy to meet emerging sustainability challenges. The case covers the aspect of strategic management, strategy formulation and change management system deployment using tools such as strength, weakness, opportunities, threat (SWOT), political economical social technological legal environment (PESTLE), critical success factor and key performance indicator cascade. It touches upon the emerging need for distribution utilities to look beyond economic signals and take social and environmental impacts into the strategy planning process. Findings It viewed the distribution business beyond its conventional responsibility of making power available to consumers and to provide quality service. A well thought out adaption and adoption of upgraded technology can be a game changer even for a market which is highly regulated and dominated by players in their respective defined territories. Research limitations/implications Since the sector is regulated and each utility has a pre-defined set of area of operation with no competition within its licensed area, hence, there is a limited application of applied strategy tools such as SWOT and PESTLE. Practical implications Since the sector is regulated and each utility has a pre-defined set of area of operation with no competition within its licensed area, hence, there is a limited application of applied strategy tools such as SWOT and PESTLE. Originality/value India as a market is evolving in energy space and utilities are still struggling to have a fundamental structure to meet the agenda of “power to all.” The paper provides the valuable insights into the process of environmental scanning and formulation of organizational strategy to meet the needs of existing and future energy markets.
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Javed, Attiya Y. "Satu Kahkonen and Anthony Lanyi. Institutions, Incentives, and Economic Reforms in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. 516 pages. Hardback. Price Indian Rs 595.00." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i1pp.71-74.
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The economic reform process began in India in 1991. However, the reform agenda is still far from its goals as is evident from low per capita income. Thus, this reform effort has not produced the desired outcome of a faster rate of economic and social development in a meaningful way. It is the premise of this volume that to transform the social and economic landscape, the proposed reforms should be broadbased and multi-pronged which take into account incentives for the stockholders in both the private and public sectors. The institutions are the rules that govern economy and include the fundamental legal, political, and social rules that establish the basis for production, exchange, and distribution. The two editors of this volume have received contributions from a number of authors and the wide range of papers are grouped under five main headings: political economy of reforms, reforming public goods delivery, reform issues in agriculture and rural governance, and reforming the district and financial sector.
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Chopra, Meenu, Vikas Gupta, and Bharat Chhabra. "Strategic Management Using Balanced Scorecard—A Case Study on Tata Power." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977917730446.
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This article aims to present an analysis to develop a deep understanding of the concept of balanced scorecard (BSC) as a tool for strategy mapping, alignment and measurement of performance in a leading firm in power distribution sector. The BSC model was developed to address the problems and limitations of relying only on financial measures for creation of strategy and measuring organizational performance in companies whose intangible assets played a pivotal role in creating value for stakeholders. This article provides an understanding into the development of globally competitive firms from emerging economies that have successfully adapted contemporary performance measurement and management tools in strategy implementation. The theory of the article has been substantiated with inputs of the target firm based on information collected from interviews and access to the firm’s internal procedures, articles from journal and other publicly available sources. The article provides an understanding into the process of development and implementation of strategy, and subsequent advantages drawn from the use of BSC at Tata Power-Delhi Distribution Limited, winner of the international Palladium Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame award-2008.
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Chavan, Ashwini. "Design of Natural Gas Pipeline." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37468.
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India today has an in depth network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of gas. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently utilized in the domestic sector similarly as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks. India today has an intensive network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of fossil fuel. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently employed in the domestic sector additionally as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks, these networks have already been founded within the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Vadodara, Firozabad, Kanpur and plenty of more such networks are planned within the near future. Given the infrastructure and layout available in typical Indian cities, it becomes difficult to make such gas distribution networks without separate corridors for competing utilities. Reckoning on pressures, flow rates and economic criteria, these networks may be constructed with steel pipes, polyethylene (PE) pipes or a hybrid PE-steel pipe system. In contrast to borehole pipelines, which stretch for miles directly through open fields, the CGD network is more complex. These are located in densely populated areas, and an oversized number of network branches meet the wants of users in several locations in an exceedingly city. Although they're much smaller long and size than background pipelines, a city's network is far more dispersed and diverse. The rise within the number of branches means over the amount of sleeves, bends, reducers, fittings, etc. within the network, with the exception of the quantity of delivery points for the availability of fossil fuel. Due to the assorted activities of third parties other city agencies, the chance of injury and accidents is even on top of the substantial pipelines. of these factors require better security systems integrated into the network and therefore the need for special preparation to manage any emergency situation.
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Joshi, Gaurav. "Reduction in Non-Revenue Water in Water Distribution System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 25, 2021): 2771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35583.
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Water is the world’s most critical natural resource. Rapid population growth and economic development have led to higher demand for water worldwide whereas on the supply side, natural sources of water have become less reliable. This demand-supply imbalance in the water sector calls for more innovative water management practices and suitable technologies. Utilities cannot afford the water loss because of poor operation and maintenance of water distribution infrastructure facilities. The terms theft, smuggling and leakages are most common sources of generation of Non- revenue water (NRW). Newspaper articles around the world, particularly in countries experiencing intense drought and water shortages, are highlighting water theft as a growing problem. Analysis of various city development plans in India shows that water leakages, theft and unauthorized water connections gives rise to a high level of unaccounted water. A recent study on Water Governance (2013) reveals that unaccounted water in Delhi amounts to around 50% of the total water pumped into the system, whereas it is 35-40% in Hyderabad and Bengaluru. The World Bank in its report, ‘The Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water in Developing Countries’, reveals that 48 million cubic meters of drinkable water escape daily from official supply networks, which is enough to provide water for 200 million people. The same report on India had clearly highlighted that 40-60% of water in Mumbai is lost through illegal diversion. In This paper we have made an attempt to analyze the current methods, their drawbacks and we have provided solution in the form of software-based approach (using Bentley Watergems) which is more relevant as compared to the current field method.
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Trautmann, Thomas R. "Megasthenes on the Military Livestock of Chandragupta and the Making of the First Indian Empire." Comparative Studies in Society and History 63, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417521000074.
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AbstractMegasthenes was an eyewitness to the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, maker of the first India-wide empire (from ca. 321 BCE). The army with which he made that empire depended largely upon the supply of men, horses, elephants, and oxen, a sector which may be called military livestock. Megasthenes’ account of this large sector of government expense and the policies under which it operated gives important testimony about the causes of Chandragupta's success, namely the maintenance of a royal monopoly of horses, elephants, and arms, payment of the soldiers in peacetime and war, the demilitarization of the farmers, and the separation of the soldiers from the land. Over the long run of Indian history, from the Mauryan Empire to the present, the environmental roots of the political order lay in the complementary distribution of horse and elephant country, to the dry west and humid east of a line running down the middle of the Subcontinent; that is, respectively, the valleys of the Indus and the Ganga. The dominating power of India has always had its capital in elephant country, the valley of the Ganga, in cities from Pataliputra (Patna) to Kanauj to Delhi, in a position from which to control the eastward flow of horses and the westward flow of elephants to other states.
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Baliyan, Sandeep Kumar. "Demographic Changes and Growth of Population in Uttar Pradesh: Trends and Status." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v3i4.15961.
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In this paper we are examines the structure change and population growth trend in Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the country, accounting for 16.4 percent of the country’s population. The structure of state income shows that the contribution of primary sector has declined to 41 percent of the state income, though the sector still sustain 73 percent of the total working force. Availability of land & natural resource and environment play an important role in the development of any country or states. But utilization of these resources and best use of economic development is possible only by people. People are searching and best utilize these natural resources according to their needs. The demographics population of Uttar Pradesh is a multifarious subject, which is undergoing dynamic change. To understand the population it is very important to understand its all charterstic in which age composition has an important role. The working population and work participation rate highlights the occupational distribution of a states. The information is essential for calculating state domestic product at factor cost popularly known as “State Income” for important tertiary sectors by adopting statistical methods of interpolation/extrapolation. The generally well performing states are Kerala, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, and Punjab, which occupy the first five places in the years. On the other hand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh appear at the bottom of the list in the years. Thus, despite some catching-up witnessed in the states with low human development, the progress has not been rapid enough to change the inter se ranking radically.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-4: 228-238
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Kumar, A., M. Anitha, Fathima Thansi, Mrs Kavya, and K. P. Abdul Javad. "A Study on Employee Stress Management in BSNL, Madurai." ComFin Research 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v11i2.6129.
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Stress is defined as the pattern of emotional states and physiological reaction occurring in response to demand from within or outside on organization. A stressor, on the other hand, is considered to be a condition or situation that elicits a negative response such as anger, frustration, anxiety or tension.
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) Is a public sector communications company in India. It is the largest telecommunication company in India and the sixth largest in the world. Its headquarters are at Bharat Sanchar Bhawan, Harish Chandra Mathur Lane, Janpath, New Delhi. It has the status of Mini-ratana a status assigned to reputed Public Sector companies in India. The Government of India corporatizedthe operations wing of Dot on October 01, 2000 and named it as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).BSNL operates as a public sector.
The present study was conducted at BSNL Madurai. The aim was to find the stress levels, personality type of the employees. This was done using a detailed questionnaire. The study reveled that fall under low stress category only a small percentage is highly stressed & needed prevailing in the organization to some extent. Chi-square is statistics to list the goodness of fit the theoretical distribution. It is developed within an initial hypothesis. The study tries to reveal the about the stress of employees with some suggestion which will be of immense aid for the employees as well the organization to reduce the stress level.
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Rooney, Brigitte, Ran Zhao, Yuan Wang, Kelvin H. Bates, Ajay Pillarisetti, Sumit Sharma, Seema Kundu, et al. "Impacts of household sources on air pollution at village and regional scales in India." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 7719–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7719-2019.
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Abstract. Approximately 3 billion people worldwide cook with solid fuels, such as wood, charcoal, and agricultural residues. These fuels, also used for residential heating, are often combusted in inefficient devices, producing carbonaceous emissions. Between 2.6 and 3.8 million premature deaths occur as a result of exposure to fine particulate matter from the resulting household air pollution (Health Effects Institute, 2018a; World Health Organization, 2018). Household air pollution also contributes to ambient air pollution; the magnitude of this contribution is uncertain. Here, we simulate the distribution of the two major health-damaging outdoor air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3) using state-of-the-science emissions databases and atmospheric chemical transport models to estimate the impact of household combustion on ambient air quality in India. The present study focuses on New Delhi and the SOMAARTH Demographic, Development, and Environmental Surveillance Site (DDESS) in the Palwal District of Haryana, located about 80 km south of New Delhi. The DDESS covers an approximate population of 200 000 within 52 villages. The emissions inventory used in the present study was prepared based on a national inventory in India (Sharma et al., 2015, 2016), an updated residential sector inventory prepared at the University of Illinois, updated cookstove emissions factors from Fleming et al. (2018b), and PM2.5 speciation from cooking fires from Jayarathne et al. (2018). Simulation of regional air quality was carried out using the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) in conjunction with the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF) to simulate the meteorological inputs for CMAQ, and the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to generate concentrations on the boundary of the computational domain. Comparisons between observed and simulated O3 and PM2.5 levels are carried out to assess overall airborne levels and to estimate the contribution of household cooking emissions. Observed and predicted ozone levels over New Delhi during September 2015, December 2015, and September 2016 routinely exceeded the 8 h Indian standard of 100 µg m−3, and, on occasion, exceeded 180 µg m−3. PM2.5 levels are predicted over the SOMAARTH headquarters (September 2015 and September 2016), Bajada Pahari (a village in the surveillance site; September 2015, December 2015, and September 2016), and New Delhi (September 2015, December 2015, and September 2016). The predicted fractional impact of residential emissions on anthropogenic PM2.5 levels varies from about 0.27 in SOMAARTH HQ and Bajada Pahari to about 0.10 in New Delhi. The predicted secondary organic portion of PM2.5 produced by household emissions ranges from 16 % to 80 %. Predicted levels of secondary organic PM2.5 during the periods studied at the four locations averaged about 30 µg m−3, representing approximately 30 % and 20 % of total PM2.5 levels in the rural and urban stations, respectively.
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Shrivastav, Gunjan, Arun Adhana, Kamlesh Kumari, Naseem Khan, Ankit Kumar, Shailender Rathore, Anil Kumar Anand, and Ramandeep Singh Arora. "Highlighting Differences in Cancer Epidemiology in India: A Descriptive Report from a Private Sector Hospital-Based Cancer Registry in Delhi for the Years 2013 to 2017." Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 42, no. 04 (August 2021): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733820.
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Abstract Introduction Cancer continues to grow in number. Knowing the epidemiology helps in prevention and treatment. Existing hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) provide little data of private sector including patients for medical tourism. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of cancer at a tertiary center in the private sector in North India for all cancer patients. Materials and Methods Cases were ascertained from the Oncology Outpatient Department of Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, and from pathology database since July 2015. They were abstracted into National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP) core pro forma. We conducted a descriptive analysis of distribution by age, gender, nationality, site, stage, and treatment. Results Among the 15,850 confirmed cases, 8,034 (51%) were males. Nearly 1.8% of patients were pediatric (<15 years) and 30.1% geriatric (>65 years). A high proportion of patients (13%) came from outside India and 27% from outside Delhi-National Capital Region. The most common cancers in males were prostate (10.9%), lung (10%), and mouth (7.6%). Stomach was the most common site of cancer in international male patients. Four of the top ten cancers in males were of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum). The most common cancers in females were breast (37.4%), ovary (7.1%), and corpus uteri (5.6%). Tobacco-related cancers accounted for 36.9% of cancers in males and 11.3% in females. The composite stage in males was IV in 54%, followed by stage III (21%), stage II (15%), and stage I (10%). In females, stage IV was 33%, stage III was 23%, stage II was 28%, and stage I was 16%. As registry included outpatient record visits and pathology records, not all registered patients received treatment at Max Super Specialty Hospital. Overall, 49.8% of male patients and 49.7% of female patients received treatment at Max Super Specialty Hospital. Data quality metrics matched other national HBCRs. Conclusion We highlight the differences from other NCRP HBCRs, with prostate cancer being the top cancer in males and gastrointestinal cancers forming major proportion among all. Socioeconomic status of our patients, referral bias, and international medical tourism could be responsible.
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Khanna, Pallavi. "Financing Education under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: An Initial Analysis in Selected States of India." Journal of Business Thought 12 (December 15, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbt/2021/28884.
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<p>Funding policies in the education sector have undergone significant change over the years in India. In recent years, one such big change is the integration of three major flagship programmes for education, namely: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) & Teacher Education (TE) under one umbrella scheme known as Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SMSA). As financial year 2018-19 is the initial year for implementation of the scheme, hence, this paper explores the planning and budgeting aspects of the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in selected states of India. The study has been carried out for the eight states, viz., Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Delhi, for the period of 2018-19 to 2019-20. The paper studies the financing of education under SMSA. The paper also analyses the distribution of support from the union government under the scheme. Drawing on the lessons from such analysis, the historical background and past experiences of implementation of previous education schemes, viz., Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, and Teacher Education, the paper examines the design and ground level challenges of the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in selected states of India.</p>
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Singh, Lakhwinder, and Baldev Singh Shergill. "Separating Wheat from the Chaff: Farm Acts, Farmers’ Protest and Outcomes." Millennial Asia 12, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 390–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09763996211063600.
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The farmers’ protest at the outskirts of Delhi has completed one year and still continuing. It was triggered after the Government of India enacted three farm Acts in September 2020 (now repealed) that strive to initiate sweeping reforms in agricultural produce selling, procurement, and storage and public distribution of essential commodities. In this context, an attempt has been made in this article to examine the claim of both the government and the farmers’ unions leading the protest movement. The contribution of this study is manifold: in terms of tracing the evolution of the current farmers’ protest movement, farmer unions’ negotiations with the government, loss of human lives, and outcomes. It is found that farm Acts are structurally flawed and risk the food security of the country besides preparing ground for eviction of smallholders from agriculture altogether. The analysis of the field survey based on characteristics of 460 deceased farmers during the participation in the protest reveals that they belonged to the lowest rung of the farmers. The support to the family members left behind has come from various quarters but is inadequate. The article argues that the state autonomy to take policy decisions regarding farm Acts should be protected. The union government should develop institutional mechanism to take along all stakeholders for resolving the international and inter-state issues concerning agriculture sector.
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Saputra, Evan. "Determination of Performance Indicators For Cooking Oil Logistic Using Fuzzy-Delphi Method." Siber Journal of Transportation and Logistics 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/sjtl.v1i1.38.
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Logistic issues are still become a serious matter for Indonesian society. This problem should be seriously considered by Indonesia. Many sectors that support logistic growth should be arranged properly in order to increase the value of performance of logistic in Indonesia. Agriculture sector is one of the sectors that has important role in national development integration. Unfortunately, production growth for this sector is still relatively low compared to some other sectors with value 1.85%. One of the agricultural sectors in Indonesia was palm oil plantations that produces cooking oil. Currently, Indonesia was suspected by having problems on the cooking oil distribution. Cooking oil distribution margins are tending to increase, while margin is one of the efficiency indicators in distribution system. The increasing of distribution margin indicates that the distribution of the commodity is inefficient. Thus, we need to improve efficiency and effectiveness in all logistics activities. The issue is, what are the relevant indicators to manage the logistics of cooking oil in an effort to improve the efficiency and effectiveness. Determination of performance indicators can be done by getting the opinion and consensus of the experts who understand the logistics of cooking oil. The method used is the Delphi method that will integrated with fussy method. The method is called Fuzzy-Delphi method.
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Pongen, Imkongtenla, and Satwanti Kapoor. "IS HABITAT PATTERNING THE RISK OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES AMONG AO NAGAS?" Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 4, no. 3 (June 4, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmas040301.
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<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> An increased risk of lifestyle diseases in populations with rapid nutritional transition and urbanization, its patterning in urban-rural continuum with clusters of risk factors has been documented in various populations but there has been limited data on tribal population in India.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: To compare the distribution pattern of risk factors associated with lifestyle diseases among Ao Nagas residing in different habitats: city, town and villages in Nagaland, India.</p><p><strong>Methodology</strong>: Design: Population based cross-sectional study Setting: Delhi and Mokokchung town and its adjoining villages in Nagaland. Population: 1250 Ao Nagas, aged 20-49 years Protocol: WHO Stepwise approach to Surveillance of Non-communicable diseases (STEP1 and STEP 2).</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> WHO STEP 1 risk factors,viz.,low physical activity and alcohol consumption; STEP 2 risk factor,viz.,overweight and obesity were significantly higher among city dwellers .Tobacco consumption (STEP 1 risk factor) was significantly higher among town dwellers. However, villagers were found to be significantly more hypertensive (STEP 2 risk factor) than their urban counterparts. Clustering of ≥ 3 risk factors for lifestyle diseases were more likely to be prevalent among the city dwellers as compared to town and village dwellers.</p><p><strong>Implications</strong>: This study calls for careful implementation of different strategies to combat the burden of lifestyle diseases in the population both in rural and urban areas considering a comprehensive approach integrated at the primary healthcare sector. Market penetration of smokeless tobacco products in town and villages should be a concern for the policy makers. Binge drinking and alcohol abuse in the population despite Nagaland been declared as a ‘Dry state’ warrants rigorous and timely health intelligence as prohibitive measures.</p>
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DINAR, ARIEL, TRICHUR K. BALAKRISHNAN, and JOSEPH WAMBIA. "Politics of institutional reforms in the water and drainage sector of Pakistan." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 3 (May 19, 2004): 409–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0300127x.
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This paper develops an approach to assess the political risk associated with implementation of institutional reforms in the water sector, while providing insights into the interrelationship of institutional arrangements, power structure, and policy outcome. The analytical approach consists of a two-tier process to assess the institutional feasibility of reform implementation. The first tier is a structured analysis of power distribution among the power groups interested in the outcome of the reform. The second tier is a Delphi process, reflecting the opinions of experts. The approach was applied to the case of the National Drainage Program Project (NDP) in Pakistan, currently in the early stages of implementation. Several hypotheses regarding likely progress were tested, using the feedback provided by a panel of experts in the Delphi process.
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Pereira, Guillermo Ivan, Patrícia Pereira da Silva, and Deborah Soule. "Assessment of electricity distribution business model and market design alternatives: Evidence for policy design." Energy & Environment 31, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18758248.
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The transition toward smart electricity distribution grids is transforming the European electricity sector. This has contributed to increased attention by policy makers regarding the future role of electricity distribution system operators in a more flexible, digital, and renewables-based electricity system. A better understanding on how to support the adaptation of the electricity distribution industry can contribute to the introduction of an effective policy framework. Our research provides evidence for policy design by presenting the results of a Policy Delphi study focused on business model and market design adaptation alternatives. We highlight the importance of supporting innovation and a more proactive approach to adaptation from both distribution system operators and regulators. Our findings support the importance of electricity distribution for neutral market facilitation, contributing to market development and enabling new market players. The results obtained support policy makers working on electricity sector adaptation and can contribute to the ongoing market redesign efforts under the Energy Union.
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K., Febina, and Thomas Paul Kattookaran. "Interstate Distribution and Sectoral Composition of FDI Inflows in India." Foreign Trade Review 53, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732518797026.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to obtaining the ownership in a foreign business entity. It can also be attributed that FDI circulates capital across national boundaries. It can be defined as an investor based in one country (home country), acquires an asset in another country (host country), with the intention to manage it. It is this dimension of management that distinguishes FDI from portfolio investment in foreign stocks and other financial instruments. For a terribly populated country like India, a good quantum of resource is needed to fund its various developmental needs, which the country does not have. To strengthen its infrastructure, expertise and knowledge base, FDI is inevitable. Realizing these facts, the government is now moulding a robust business environment to smoothen the flow of FDI. An interstate comparison of FDI in India makes it quite apparent that there exists huge variations in the inflow of FDI to different states. While some regions like Delhi, Bombay, etc. receive soaring flow of FDI, it is very stumpy in regions like Patna, Guwahati, etc. An overview on the sectoral distribution of foreign investment discloses the wide disparity in the distribution of foreign capital among various sectors. While some sectors like service, construction, etc. receive elevated flow of foreign capital, others lie fully ignored by the foreign investors. JEL Classification: F21, F23, F63, O10
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Haque, Ziaul. "Krishna Bharadwaj. Accumulation, Exchange, and Development: Essays on the Indian Economy. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1994. 395 pages and Index. Hardbound. Indian Rs 350.00. Paperback. Indian Rs 195.00." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i2pp.165-167.
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Before her death in 1992, Professor Krishna Bharadwaj had reached the prime of her intellectual growth so that her mature thought on classical political economy and her ideas on development paradigms had begun to coalesce into a single whole. As the title of the book under review implies, this work of the late Indian economist comprises a study of the general problems of economic growth, accumulation, exchange, distribution, and development based on the theory of surplus, including its generation, appropriation, and distribution in society. The author applies classical theory to the complex development process in the developing economies, and to the specific problems of the Indian economy in the industrial, agricultural, and commercial sectors.
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Mujiatun, Siti, Julita Julita, Rahmayati Rahmayati, and Edisah Putra Nainggolan. "Pengembangan Model Penyaluran Kredit Bagi UKM Untuk Mengantisipasi Perkembangan Lembaga Keuangan Informal." Owner 6, no. 4 (October 11, 2022): 3645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i4.1016.
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The classic problem that cannot be denied and that continues to plague some Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), is the problem of capital, which results in not achieving the expected goals. Some SMEs that can meet the requirements can use banking services (banks) to meet their business capital needs and not a few SMEs also use informal financial institutions, which in this case are loan sharks for their business capital, although we know the interest expense set is relatively higher than Banks, because the procedures and requirements are easy, some SMEs use informal financial institutions or loan shark services. This study aims to provide input and develop the most relevant credit distribution model that can help some SMEs in fulfilling their business capital in Deli Serdang Regency, and it is hoped that in the future the government and other stakeholders will have to focus on solving these problems. However, the SME sector is one of the supporters of economic growth in an area, especially in Deli Serdang Regency. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method. Data collection techniques generally use field studies with the distribution of research instruments (questionnaires) to the sample, in this case, SMEs in Deli Serdang Regency. Data analysis The research instruments that have been collected will be analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. Of the 70 entrepreneurs who became respondents, only 10.9% believed that the capital they had was sufficient to develop their business, 64.6% said they still needed injections even though they already owned them and 24.6% even stated that capital injections were a very urgent need for survival his efforts.
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Paul, Ranjit Kumar, and Md Yeasin. "COVID-19 and prices of pulses in Major markets of India: Impact of nationwide lockdown." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): e0272999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272999.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost all the sectors including agriculture in the country. The present paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on both wholesale and retail prices of major pulses in India. The daily wholesale and retail price data on five major pulses namely Lentil, Moong, Arhar, Urad and Gram are collected for five major markets in India namely Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Hyderabad during the period January, 2019 to September, 2020 from Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Government of India. The Government of India declared nationwide lockdown since March, 24, to May, 31, 2020 in different phases in order to restrict the spread of the infection due to COVID-19. To see the impact of lockdown on price and price volatility, time series model namely Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model with error following Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) model incorporating exogenous variable as lockdown dummy in both mean as well variance equations. It is observed that in almost all the markets, lockdown has significant impact on price of the pulses whereas in few cases, it has significant impact on price volatility.
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Moradlou, Hamid, Hendrik Reefke, Heather Skipworth, and Samuel Roscoe. "Geopolitical disruptions and the manufacturing location decision in multinational company supply chains: a Delphi study on Brexit." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 41, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 102–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-07-2020-0465.
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PurposeThis study investigates the impact of geopolitical disruptions on the manufacturing supply chain (SC) location decision of managers in UK multinational firms. The context of study is the UK manufacturing sector and its response to the UK's decision to leave the European Union (EU), or Brexit.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts an abductive, theory elaboration approach and expands on Dunning's eclectic paradigm of international production. A Delphi study over four iterative rounds is conducted to gather and assess insights into manufacturing SC location issues related to Brexit. The panel consisted of 30 experts and managers from a range of key industries, consultancies, governmental organisations, and academia. The Delphi findings are triangulated using a focus group with 38 participants.FindingsThe findings indicate that the majority of companies planned or have relocated production facilities from the UK to the EU, and distribution centres (DCs) from the EU to the UK. This was because of market-seeking advantages (being close to major centres of demand, ease of access to local and international markets) and efficiency-seeking advantages (costs related to expected delays at ports, tariff and non-tariff barriers). Ownership and internalisation advantages, also suggested by the eclectic paradigm, did not play a role in the location decision.Originality/valueThe study elaborates on the OLI framework by showing that policy-related uncertainty is a primary influencing factor in the manufacturing location decision, outweighing the importance of uncertainty as an influencer of governance mode choices. The authors find that during geopolitical disruptions managers make location decisions in tight time-frames with incomplete and imperfect information, in situations of high perceived uncertainty. The study elaborates on the eclectic paradigm by explaining how managerial cognition and bounded rationality influence the manufacturing location decision-making process.
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Gardas, Bhaskar B., Rakesh D. Raut, and Balkrishna E. Narkhede. "Analysing the 3PL service provider’s evaluation criteria through a sustainable approach." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 958–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-04-2018-0154.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and model the evaluation criteria for the selection of third-party logistics service provider (3PLSP) by an interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach in the pharmaceutical sector. Design/methodology/approach Delphi technique was used for identifying the most significant criteria, and the ISM method was employed for developing the interrelationship among the criteria. Also, the critical criteria for having high influential power were identified by using the Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqués à un Classement analysis. Findings The most significant factors, namely, capability of robust supply network/distribution network, quality certification and health safety, service quality and environmental quality certifications, were found to have a high driving power, and these factors demand the maximum attention of the decision makers. Research limitations/implications As the ISM approach is a qualitative tool, the expert opinions were used for developing the structural model, and the judgments of the experts could be biased influencing the reliability of the model. The developed hierarchical concept is proposed to help the executives, decision and policy makers in formulating the strategies and the evaluation of sustainable 3PLSP. Originality/value It is an original research highlighting the association between the sustainable 3PLSP evaluation criteria by employing ISM tool in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper will guide the managers in understanding the importance of the evaluation criteria for the efficient selection of 3PLSP.
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Mehta, Khushit, Dr Sunil Maggu, and Bhaskar Kapoor. "Analytical review of AC Distribution in the Delhi Region based on Climate change and Development." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 02 (February 8, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem17696.
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Due to the rising temperatures and humidity along with a rise in income levels throughout the world as well as the growing acceptance of air conditioners as a utility and necessity rather than a luxury product, the air conditioning (AC) sector is predicted to see enormous development. Analysis of AC sales in the region of New Delhi, India is the main focus of this study. Not much research has been conducted on Air Conditioner distribution in a region. This paper aims to analyze the sales of the Delhi region which has 969 counters, over 5 years (2018-2022). The development process involves the Extraction of Data from the MNC followed by cleaning, removing the outliers, then data analyzing the data, and finally plotting important charts to conclude our findings. Tools like Python, Pandas, and Matplotlib were extensively used. Data Cleaning and Data visualization are important aspects of any research and plots of Year vs Counter, Channel vs Sales, etc. are plotted. The Top 5 companies on the basis of ACs sold were found out Voltas, Daikin, Hitachi, LG, and OG, and factors like temperature and Development were used to determine why the sales in West Delhi were the highest amongst the other three zones (South, North, East). The product prices of 3Star & 5Star windows, as well as split Ac, were analyzed which gave us an idea of why Voltas is the front runner in selling the maximum ACs in Delhi. Other Factors like Income, Tourism rise in population can be considered for future research. Key Words: Air conditioner, New Delhi, Sales, LG Voltas, Daikin, Analysis
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Biswas, Jayeeta, and Subodh Kumar. "Prevalence of Work Stress among Private and Public Sector Employees in Delhi: A Differential Study." International Journal of Indian Psychology 1, no. 1 (December 25, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/0902.142.
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Background: Stress is a term which is entangled with every stage of our lives — whether it is our workplace or our personal life. For the workplace, it may be the pressure to fulfill daily targets, deadline, must do project which arrives without warning, shared assignment or anything else which can generate stress. Lack of promotion, training and support from superiors lead to stress which in turn leads to higher rates of absenteeism, low productivity, low quality of product, customer dissatisfaction etc. Physical and mental health of an individual as well as organization’s effectiveness can have the effect of work stress. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of one of the mental health issues, i.e., stress, among private and public sector employees in Delhi, India. Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from the private (n=30) and public sector employees (n=30). The level of stress was measured using Occupational Stress Index Scale (OSI Scale) questionnaire and demographic information sheet was used to collect various demographic information which includes age, gender, type of family, marital status, duration of service, salary, type of employment, educational qualification etc. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0) software. The chi-square test was used to find the relationship between categorical variables, pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the correlation between continuous variables according to distribution of the data. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.62 (SD=8.79) years. According to OSI Scale, 13.3% employees (including both sectors) had low level of stress, 75% had moderate level of stress and 11.7% had high level of stress. Further, private sector employees had more work stress than the public sector employees. The results also indicate that Role Overload, Role Ambiguity, Role Conflict, Poor Participation, Powerlessness, Intrinsic Improvement, Low Status and Strenuous Working Condition had a significant relationship with the sector of employment. Conclusion: It was found that high level of stress was prevalent among employees in both the sectors — public and private. However, private sector employees were exposed to more professional stressors, which in turn created more occupational stress for them. It would be prudential for employers to initiate some training programmes related to physical and mental well-being, which can help enhance performance of employees and improve overall productivity of the organisation.
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Sharma, Nandini, and Sumana Chatterjee. "A STUDY ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDIAN INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT." Towards Excellence, September 30, 2022, 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37867/te140325.
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Over time the importance of Foreign Direct Investment is elevating around the world. It not only flourishes the economy with funds but also brings in other benefits like technology and expertise. Moreover, it is a capital infusion without any debt burden on the economy. The covid-19 pandemic has carried a negative economic growth rate and employment ratio in the world (World Bank indicators). Specifically, the Gross Domestic Product growth rate and employment ratio in India were reduced by 7 percent and 8 percent in 2020. In these circumstances, FDI can provide a major boost to the economy. This paper attempts to find out the impact of Covid-19 on inward Foreign Direct Investments by comparing the pre-covid-19 investments with investments during covid-19. The paper investigates the impact on a world level and BRIC nations. It further examines the impact of the pandemic on India’s inward FDI through the impact on components of FDI and the impact on sector-wise, country-wise, and region-wide distribution. The paper concludes that global investments were reduced by 34 percent and among the BRIC nations, Russia was the most affected country. In India, the correlation between inward FDI and covid-19 is positive and significant. The positive growth is influenced by the covid-19 pandemic-driven investment in the drugs and pharmaceuticals sector and Facebook’s big investment in Reliance-jio. Investments from Mauritius were reduced by considerable volume but investments from the U.S.A soared despite the pandemic. Except for the west zone which can be attributed to investments in Gujarat, investments in all other three zones were reduced during covid-19. The Indian investments were centralized with 82 percent of total investments in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Delhi.
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Singh, Namrata, Sumaira Qamar, Dhweeja Dasarathy, Hardik Sardana, Sanjana Kumari, and Anoop Saraya. "Impact of out-of-pocket medical expenditure after major illness in the family on food consumption of a household." Nutrition & Food Science, September 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-09-2022-0294.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to see the impact of increased out-of-pocket expenditure oh health care exerting budget pressure on households, which leads to change in dietary consumption. Design/methodology/approach It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study comprising 414 patients with a chronic or major illness attending a large tertiary care public hospital at Delhi, India. Each patient represented a household with total number of family members of 2,550 in the study. Questionnaire was used to gather data on factors responsible for changes in consumption of 12 major food items. Findings Moderate decrease in food consumption of a household after major illness is associated with: rural residence (p < 0.001), decrease in savings (p < 0.001), more number of household items sold (p < 0.001), education of the children affected (p < 0.001), upper socio-economic status (SES) (p < 0.001) and children started working after illness in family (p = 0.043). In addition to decrease in food items, there was also deterioration in quality of food preparation. More than 80% of the families did not change the intake of cereals (rice and wheat), pulses and sugar. Food items that were decreased by most families were fruits, followed by milk and its products, vegetables, meat and egg, oils and ghee. Research limitations/implications This study is a subset of other two studies previously published. The authors had not been able to cover this aspect fully in those two studies but understood the importance of impact of expenditure on illness on food consumption. The authors studied change in food consumption pattern (not amount) in subjects after illness. The impact of weather changes in food consumption on the impacted nutritional status of family has not been studied. The authors only collected cross-sectional, observational data and recall bias cannot be completely ruled out and corrected. With such data, only associations could be concluded, not causality. The illness condition of a household was measured by presence of chronic disease and inpatient treatment. Such measures did not take into account the types of illness and number of episodes. Data of this study cannot capture whether food intake of family prior to illness was sufficient/in excess/deficient. The Kuppuswamy scale, mostly used in urban and peri-urban settings, was also used for rural subjects in the study, which might have resulted in impaired capture of rural SES. The authors did not assess whether families were allocated food grains by schemes like public distribution system, which might have resulted in biased decrease in food consumption. Questionnaire used was not validated. Practical implications This study demonstrates the various factors that act as barriers to proper food consumption, including non-financial factors. The policy of user fee in government is hitting poorer section, and equity and access to health are compromised. Health expenditure should be increased by public sector policies to implement uniform healthcare. There is need for more studies to identify measures that could be put in place when designing policies and interventions for the uniform distribution of benefits. Social implications The policy of user fee in government is hitting poorer section, and equity and access to health are compromised. Health expenditure should be increased by public-sector policies to implement uniform healthcare. Originality/value Major or chronic illness affects money acquisition and priorities of expenditure, resulting in deterioration in quality of food consumption and by a household.
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Rebiasz, Bogdan. "Hybrid Method For Forecasting A Steel Mill's Sales." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 5, no. 4 (February 7, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v5i4.2537.
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This paper presents a proposal of long range steel mill's sales forecasting method. It can be also used in other sectors of steel industry, and (after minor modifications) in enterprises operating in a power industry, building materials industry, plastics industry etc. Heuristic methods are often used in long range forecasting. In the proposed method few parameters are predicted with fuzzy Delphi method. It results in the forecasts in form of fuzzy triangular numbers. Transformation of possibility distribution, generated by fuzzy number, into a probability distribution enables to integrate forecasts obtained from fuzzy Delphi method with those prepared with structural models and developmental trends models. A computer simulation is used to determine sales forecast's expected value and probability distribution. In case of structural models and developmental trends models a simulation with re-estimation has been used. The method presented in this paper is used to generate random numbers from a set determined by triangular fuzzy number.
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Lara Rivero, Arturo A. "Convergencia tecnológica y nacimiento de las maquiladoras de tercera generación: el caso Delphi-Juárez." región y sociedad 13, no. 21 (June 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.22198/rys.2001.21.a733.
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Resumen:El objetivo de este trabajo es el de explicar el nacimiento de un moderno, inédito centro de investigación y desarrollo de auto partes electrónicas: Delphi - Juárez . La pregunta básica que guía este trabajo es la siguiente: ¿cuáles son las implicaciones de la convergencia tecnológica electrónica / automotriz sobre el número, distribución espacial y jerárquica de los proveedores? Esta convergencia tecnológica viene a revalorizar las antiguas funciones eléctricas (y tanto a los viejos proveedores de partes eléctricas maduras como a los proveedores de arneses) y a insertarlas en una nueva jerarquía tecnológica con interacciones más intensas entre proveedores de arneses, léase maquiladoras del sector auto partes electrónicos / eléctricos y las empresas propiamente automotrices. Resulta imprescindible leer la formación del centro de investigación y desarrollo Delphi Juárez desde la perspectiva de los procesos de convergencia, resolución de desequilibrios tecnológicos y coevolución tecnológica del campo electrónico y automotriz.Palabras clave: auto partes electrónicas, maquiladoras, convergencia, empresas automotrices, desequilibrios tecnológicos, investigación y desarrollo.Abstract:The purpose of this work is to explain the emergence of a modern, original electronic auto parts research and development (R&D) center: Delphi Juarez. The basic question which guides this work is as follows: What are the implications of the electronic/automotive technological convergence on the number, space and hierarchical distribution of suppliers? This technological convergence reevaluates the old electrical functions (both the old suppliers of developed electrical parts and the harness suppliers) and insert them in a new technological hierarchy with more intense interactions between harness suppliers, that is, between electronic/electrical auto parts sector maquiladora plants and automotive companies. It is essential to read about the establishment of the Delphi-Juarez R&D center from the convergence processes perspective, the solution of technological imbalances, and the technological coevolution of the electronic and automobile fields.Palabras clave: electronic auto parts, maquiladora plants, convergence, automotive companies, technological imbalances, research and development.
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Bhagia, Meher, and Mallika Bose. "Who owns the city? Neoliberal urbanism and land purchases in Gurgaon, India." Urban Studies, July 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00420980231184784.
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Increasing purchases of valuable real estate for storing capital have contributed to the soaring prices of modest housing in many global cities and in several South Asian cities such as Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore. Saskia Sassen has drawn attention to the phenomenon of underutilisation of purchased properties existing alongside the acute demand for housing by low- and moderate-income households in the same cities. Despite the gravity of this issue, empirical analyses of urban land transactions remain rare, especially because such purchases often tend to be piecemeal and obscure, involving a multitude of smaller land deals and a variety of actors. This paper examines corporate purchases of urban land in Gurgaon, a city adjacent to New Delhi that has embraced neoliberal economic policies. By creating a land database for the upcoming sectors in the city, the study makes sharply visible: (1) the radical changes in property ownership patterns from agricultural land to luxury gated communities, (2) the growing corporate investments, extreme concentration of land ownership and deeply unequal distribution of urban land and (3) the use of various illicit practices by market-leading companies in land banking.
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Gergin, Ramazan Eyup, Iskender Peker, Birdogan Baki, Umut Rifat Tuzkaya, and Mehmet Tanyas. "Oilseed warehouse location selection with an integrated approach: a case of Turkey." Kybernetes, April 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2021-1072.
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PurposeAgricultural sector not only meets the nutritional requirements of all living creatures but also generates the primary source of the raw material provided by various branches of industry to fulfill their functions. It is of great importance to increase studies on oilseeds which have an important role in Turkey's agricultural products. They are grown in almost all of the country, which are vital for the nutrition and many sectors. The main purpose of the study is to offer an integrated approach to determine potential warehouse locations for oilseeds.Design/methodology/approachThis is the first study that integrates Delphi, analytical hierarchical process (AHP), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), P-Median and Panel data analysis in a real case. This integrated approach consists of the following steps, respectively: (1) The criteria were determined by the Delphi method. (2) The weights of the criteria were calculated by AHP and the provinces with the highest oilseed warehouse potential in seven regions of Turkey were specified by TOPSIS. (3) Oilseed warehouse numbers and locations were obtained by P-Median. (4) In order to answer whether the distribution network is profitable in the future with the determined center locations, a forecast model based on panel data analysis was created. (5) Regional representatives were determined for 2030, and the distribution network was analyzed again. (6) The costs that arose in 2018 and 2030 were computed and compared by cost analysis. (7) The effect of the change in criteria weights on the alternative results was tested by scenario analysis.FindingsThe findings indicated that oilseed crop production potential and oilseed crop production area turned out to be the most important criteria. Furthermore, the results showed that this model is robust and suitable for warehouse location selection studies.Practical implicationsThe study can serve as a guide for local and central policy makers with both the criteria it uses and the model it develops.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is that the integrated approach has been used for the first time in location selection in a real case.
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Beveridge, Scott, Maggie Parker, and Angela Pezzella. "Earning Capacity of Private Rehabilitation Counselors." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, September 9, 2021, JARC—D—20–00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-d-20-00018.
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The following study builds upon prior research on rehabilitation counseling salary surveys completed by the American Counseling Association (ACA), the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC), the International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals (IARP), and the American Board of Vocational Experts (ABVE). The present study examines the current state of salary distribution within the private sector of rehabilitation counseling by combining the data sets from the IARP and ABVE participants into one large sample for regression analyses. The survey was created by building on the existing ACA and CRCC salary surveys in the counseling field and refined with the assistance of a Delphi panel of 10 nationally known rehabilitation counselors with an average of 31 years clinical experience. The survey participants included 524 members of IARP and ABVE who completed the identical online survey to provide the data to examine the average annual earnings, demographics, and participants who experienced disabilities during their career within the two national organizations. Results found that gender, education level, practice setting, licensure status, and years in practice were statistically significant.
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Akhtar, Mohammad, and Md Tanweer Ahmad. "A stochastic fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making for sustainable vendor selection in Indian petroleum refining sector." Benchmarking: An International Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2020-0500.
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PurposeThis paper aims to select key criteria for sustainable vendor assessment and spare-parts supplies in the Indian petroleum refining sector using stochastic fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (SFTOPSIS).Design/methodology/approachThe criteria for sustainable vendor evaluation and selection are identified from the review of the literature and further; it is finalized using the Delphi method. Eight supply chain (SC) experts from the Indian petro refining sector were identified as having more than five years of experience and agreed to participate in this study (known as decision-makers (DM)). Five vendors supplying spare-parts are shortlisted from the market with the discussion and consent of procurement experts from petroleum refineries. Subsequently, criteria and vendors are rated based on relative importance in linguistic terms from the group of eight DMs. As ratings involve uncertainties in the decision-making, the SFTOPSIS method is applied to determine criteria weight and vendor ranking at a distinct significance level (α). The ranking of the vendors is obtained for sustainable supply of spare-parts in the Indian petro refining sector using the SFTOPSIS method.FindingsThe ranking of sustainable vendors is obtained through the integrated application of the fuzzy and stochastic approach to capture the uncertainties in the ratings of DMs. The sensitivity analysis is carried out at distinct confidence limits of a normal distribution to obtain a robust ranking of the vendors. In this paper, a case application of SFTOPSIS in the Indian petro refining sector is presented in which key criteria and the vendor ranking are found to be changing with confidence limit for sustainable vendor evaluation.Practical implicationsThe fuzziness and randomness in relative ratings collects from a group of DMs are taken in the proposed methodology. The distinct approaches are compared with changing significance-level under stochastic, fuzzy and deterministic TOPSIS to acquire robustness in the ranking. The proposed SFTOPSIS model can be useful to practitioners from the petroleum sector.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper contributes to an application of the SFTOPSIS method that is the extension of FTOPSIS in the petro refining sector of a developing country. The sensitivity analysis with distinct significance-level shows the uncertainties in the collected ratings from the DMs that supports robustness in the ranking. It might be helpful for SC professionals from the petro refining sector, who assess the rank of the vendors at different confidence limits for sustainable supply of spare-parts. Further research in the petroleum industry from emerging economies needs to be undertaken to broaden its scope and applicability.
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Puthillath, Beena, Bhasi Marath, and Babu Chembakthuparambil Ayappan. "Analyzing the cause of human electrical accidents using Swiss Cheese model." Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-01-2021-0004.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the factors influencing electrical accidents. Here, the authors aim to understand and model the causes of electrical accidents at multiple levels. Design/methodology/approach In the study, the authors have tried to put causes of accidents in the electricity distribution segment, in the framework of the Swiss Cheese model. Delphi kind of expert survey was conducted to find the Cheese Slice (level) and the causes (holes) for electrical accidents. Inputs from a hundred experts having more than five years of experience in electrical utility companies have been used to find Cheese Slice and holes, to explain the occurrence of an electrical accident. Findings Effective training for safe work practices, safe knowledge and closer supervision would go a long way to plug the holes in the Cheese Slice in human factors. The difference in perception of managers, supervisors and workers on the importance of various causes of electrical accidents are also presented and discussed. Research limitations/implications This research is based on expert opinion and survey where respondent perception is reported. Actual accident data has not been used here. Practical implications The holes or causes of accidents at different levels (Cheese Slice) have been identified for plugging or removal for better safety. Social implications Electrical energy is widely used, and therefore, electrical safety is a social concern and also improving it is a social need. Originality/value The study contributes to electrical safety issues in the electrical utility sector.
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Wilf-Miron, Rachel, Shlomit Avni, Liora Valinsky, Vicki Myers, Arnona Ziv, Gidi Peretz, Osnat Luxenburg, Mor Saban, and Paula Feder-Bubis. "Developing a National Set of Health Equity Indicators Using a Consensus Building Process." International Journal of Health Policy and Management, June 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.54.
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Background: Considerable health inequities documented in Israel between communities, populations and regions, undermine the rights of all citizens to optimal health. The first step towards health equity is agreement on a set of national indicators, reflecting equity in healthcare provision and health outcomes, and allowing monitoring of the impact of interventions on the reduction of disparities. We describe the process of reaching a consensus on a defined set of national equity indicators. Methods: The study was conducted between January 2019 and June 2020, in a multistage design: (A) Identifying appropriate and available inequity measures via interviews with stakeholders. (B) Agreement on the screening criteria (public health importance; gap characteristics; potential for change; public interest) and relative weighting. (C) Constructing the consultation framework as an online, 3-round Delphi technique, with a range of experts recruited from the health, welfare and education sectors. Results: Participants were of diverse age, gender, geographic location, religion and ethnicity, and came from academia, healthcare provision, government ministries and patient representative groups. Thirty measures of inequity, presented to participants, represented the following domains: Health promotion (11 indicators), acute and chronic morbidity (11), life expectancy and mortality (2), health infrastructures and affordability of care (4), education and employment (2). Of the 77 individuals contacted, 75 (97%) expressed willingness to participate, and 55 (73%) completed all three scoring rounds. The leading ten indicators were: Diabetes care, childhood obesity, adult obesity, distribution of healthcare personnel, fatal childhood injuries, cigarette smoking, infant mortality, ability to afford care, access to psychotherapy and distribution of hospital beds. Agreement among raters, measured as intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), was 0.75. Conclusion: A diverse range of consultants reached a consensus on the most important national equity indicators, including both clinical and system indicators. Results should be used to guide governmental decision-making and inter-sectoral strategies, furthering the pursuit of a more equitable healthcare system.
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Seghezzi, Arianna, Riccardo Mangiaracina, and Angela Tumino. "E-grocery logistics: exploring the gap between research and practice." International Journal of Logistics Management, September 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-02-2021-0096.
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PurposeThis paper investigates the logistics management in the e-grocery sector. It contrasts the key issues faced by practitioners and the topics addressed in the academic literature, to identify potential misalignments between research and practice and propose avenues for future efforts.Design/methodology/approachThis work adopts a twofold methodological approach. From an academic perspective, a systematic literature review (SLR) is performed to define the topics addressed so far by scholars when analysing e-grocery logistics. From a managerial perspective, a Delphi study is accomplished to identify the most significant issues faced by logistics practitioners in the e-grocery context and the associated significance.FindingsThe study develops a conceptual framework, identifying and mapping the 9 main logistics challenges for e-grocery along 4 clusters, in the light of a logistics-related revision of the SCOR model: distribution network design (area to be served, infrastructures), order fulfilment process (picking, order storage, consolidation, delivery), logistics-related choices from other domains (product range, stock-out management) and automation. These elements are discussed along three dimensions: criticalities, basic and advanced/automation-based solutions. Finally, the main gaps are identified – in terms of both under-investigated topics (order storage and stock-out management) and investigated topics needing further research (picking and automation) – and research questions and hypotheses are outlined.Originality/valueThis paper provides a threefold contribution, revolving around the developed framework. First, it investigates the state of the art about e-grocery logistics, classifying the addressed themes. Second, it explores the main issues e-grocery introduces for logistics practitioners. Third, it contrasts the two outcomes, identifying the misalignment between research and practice, and accordingly, proposing research directions.
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Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. "The Continuing Challenge of Maldistribution of Human Resources for Health." Acta Medica Philippina 56, no. 8 (May 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47895/amp.v56i8.5839.
Full textAbstract:
In 2006, a seminal report from the World Health Organization1 provided an all-encompassing definition of health workers as “all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health,” whether involved in direct service provision (e.g., physicians, nurses, midwives) or administrative/support functions (e.g., administrative professional or driver in a healthcare facility), and with or without compensation (e.g., volunteer health workers, family caregivers). Because of limitations on data availability and measurement, however, technical and academic discussions about health workers, or more formally, human resources for health (HRH), focus on those under the formal sector.2 By and large, HRH is considered a vital pillar of a functioning health system3 because the health sector is a labor-intensive industry4 that relies on a substantial number of highly skilled staff to provide services to target populations, and consequently, the attainment of national and global health targets (e.g., Sustainable Development Goals).
One challenge confronting HRH management is the issue of geographical imbalance, which means that health workers are attracted to work and settle in urban more than rural areas for a variety of individual, organizational, institutional, economic, political, and cultural factors.5,6 In the Philippine context, the Department of Health (DOH) reported in 2018 that there still exists a maldistribution of HRH in the country, particularly in “hardship” posts where municipalities could not entice, nor retain, HRH.7 For example, a separate analysis of institution-based HRH data in 2017 showed that the National Capital Region had significantly more physicians, nurses, and medical technologists than the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao.8
The paper by Tejero et al.9 in this issue of Acta Medica Philippina adds further evidence to the underlying reasons for the geographical imbalance of HRH in the country. Based on interviews with officials and health workers from 76 rural municipalities across the Philippines, the researchers found that, in general, while local government units attempted to implement strategies to help recruit and retain health workers in their areas, such a response has mainly been inadequate and has failed to bridge the HRH gap confronting their locality.
At its core, the financial obligations tied to the recruitment and retention process appear to be a significant driver of this situation since most rural municipalities are dependent on their share of national revenues by way of the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), which in turn is based on population (50%), land area (25%), and equal sharing (25%).10 That is to say, rural municipalities can only commit so much financial resources in their annual budget to fund the salary of health workers, given the other equally important social and development programs that need to be implemented. Even the impact of the expected increase in IRA based on the Mandanas Doctrine promulgated by the Supreme Court in 2019 revising the computation of national revenues may be modest at best since some programs, projects, and activities previously supported by the national government will have to be assumed again by local government units.11
The devolution of health services following the promulgation of the Local Government Code of 199112 with its promise of creating a governance structure that is more responsive to the needs of communities has resulted in a paradox whereby local government units are constrained in their strategies and initiatives by, among other things, the financial resources that are available at their disposal.
To this end, two important points need to be considered by local government units to address the issue of the geographical imbalance of HRH. First, augmentation of available human resources for health through national-level initiatives (e.g., DOH HRH Deployment Program 8, Medical Scholarship, and Return Service Program 13) as well as private sector support (e.g., project-specific HRH for the tuberculosis control program 14) should be maximized, but with a clear intent that, as we have argued in past publications, these be regarded as temporary measures to rectify the issue in the short- to intermediate-term.14–18 Second, and more importantly, there is a need to explore, mobilize, and maximize non-financial incentives (e.g., housing) and extrabudgetary sources (e.g., share from the feed paid by social health insurance), as more long-term tactics.1,17
Unless and until a viable fiscal environment is put in place, coupled with implementation of a comprehensive policy and framework across the phases of the working lifespan1 , the challenge of HRH maldistribution will continue to persist.
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, MD, MPH Department of Health Policy and Administration College of Public Health University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines Department of Applied Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR, China
REFERENCES
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Dussault G, Franceschini MC. Not enough there, too many here: understanding geographical imbalances in the distribution of the health workforce. Hum Resour Health. 2006 May 27; 4:12. doi: 10.1186/1478-4491-4-12.
Department of Health. National objectives for health Philippines 2017-2022 [Internet]. Manila, Philippines: Department of Health; 2018 [cited 2022 May 4]. Available from https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/health_magazine/NOH-2017-2022-030619-1%281%29_0.pdf
Dayrit MM, Lagrada LP, Picazo OF, Pons MC & Villaverde MC. The Philippines health system review [Internet]. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018 [cited 2022 May 4]. Available from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274579.
Tejero LS, Leyva EA, Abad PB, Montorio D, Santos M. Production, recruitment, and retention of health workers in rural areas in the Philippines. Acta Med Philipp. 2022; 56(8):31-42.
Congressional Policy and Budget Research Department. Facts in figures, FF2012-03 [Internet]. Quezon City: House of Representatives; 2012 [cited 2022 May 4]. Available from https://cpbrd.congress.gov.ph/images/PDF%20Attachments/Facts%20in%20Figures/03-FnF%20IRA.pdf
Manasan RG. Fiscal sustainability, equity, and allocative efficiency in the light of the 2019 Supreme Court ruling on the LGUs’ share in national taxes, DP 2020-18 [Internet]. Quezon City: Philippine Institute for Development Studies; 2020 [cited 2022 May 4]. Available from https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2018.pdf
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Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 11509, Doktor Para sa Bayan Act [Internet]. Metro Manila: Congress of the Philippines; 2020 Dec 23 [cited 2022 May 4]. Available from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2020/12dec/20201223-RA-11509-RRD.pdf
Antonio CT, Guevarra JP, Medina PN, Roxas EA, Cavinta LL, Manalo JA, et al. Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of selected local tuberculosis control programs in the Province of Laguna, Philippines. Philipp J Sci. 2021 Dec; 150(6A):1501-1506.
Lawas ND, Faraon EA, Mabunga SY, Antonio CT, Tobias EM, Javier RS. An evaluation of the Medical Pool Placement and Utilization Program (MedPool PUP) of the Philippine Department of Health. Acta Med Philipp. 2016; 50(3):186–193. doi: 10.47895/amp.v50i3.826
Medina PN, Bardelosa DD, Lara AB, Avelino MD, Agbon AG, Cengca RM, et al. A historical perspective of mandatory service policy in the Philippines: a document analysis. Phil J Health Res Dev. 2018; 22(3):1–12.
Antonio CT, Guevarra JP, Medina PN, Avelino MD, Agbon AG, Sepe DC, et al. Components of compulsory service program for health professionals in low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Perspect Public Health.2020;140(1):54–61. doi: 10.1177/1757913919839432.
Guevarra JP, Medina PN, Avelino MD, Cengca MM, Ting ML, Agbon AG, et al. Perception of program administrators and students on the implementation of return service agreement in the Philippines. Acta Med Philipp. 2020;54(3):289–95. doi: 10.47895/amp.v54i3.1666.
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Wan, Sida, Yanming Chen, Yijia Xiao, Qiqi Zhao, Manchun Li, and Shuqi Wu. "Spatial analysis and evaluation of medical resource allocation in China based on geographic big data." BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (October 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07119-3.
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Abstract Background Spatial allocation of medical resources is closely related to people’s health. Thus, it is important to evaluate the abundance of medical resources regionally and explore the spatial heterogeneity of medical resource allocation. Methods Using medical geographic big data, this study analyzed 369 Chinese cities and constructed a medical resource evaluation model based on the grading of medical institutions using the Delphi method. It evaluated China’s medical resources at three levels (economic sectors, economic zones, and provinces) and discussed their spatial clustering patterns. Geographically weighted regression was used to explore the correlations between the evaluation results and population and gross domestic product (GDP). Results The spatial heterogeneity of medical resource allocation in China was significant, and the following general regularities were observed: 1) The abundance and balance of medical resources were typically better in the east than in the west, and in coastal areas compared to inland ones. 2) The average primacy ratio of medical resources in Chinese cities by province was 2.30. The spatial distribution of medical resources in the provinces was unbalanced, showing high concentrations in the primate cities. 3) The allocation of medical resources at the provincial level in China was summarized as following a single-growth pole pattern supplemented by bipolar circular allocation and balanced allocation patterns. The agglomeration patterns of medical resources in typical cities were categorized into single-center and balanced development patterns. GDP was highly correlated to the medical evaluation results, while demographic factors showed, low correlations. Large cities and their surrounding areas exhibited obvious response characteristics. Conclusions These findings provide policy-relevant guidance for improving the spatial imbalance of medical resources, strengthening regional public health systems, and promoting government coordination efforts for medical resource allocation at different levels to improve the overall functioning of the medical and health service system and bolster its balanced and synergistic development.