Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Deinstitutionalization'
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1
Dargent, Bocanegra Eduardo, and Paula Muñoz. "Democracy against parties? Party system deinstitutionalization in Colombia." Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92199.
Abstract:
This article argues that in Colombia, decentralization and electoral reforms adopted in the late 1980s and in the 1991 Constitution – designed to improve democratic quality – brought about a gradual deinstitutionalization of this country’s traditional party system as an unintended consequence. Building upon resource-based theories of party configuration, we contend that in developing countries, where resources are usually crucial for party aggregation, democratizing reforms designed to distribute power and resources in the political system can reduce local candidates’ incentives to join and remain loyal to political parties, particularly when those parties’ reputations are weak. In Colombia, these reforms (i) reduced the power of intermediate-level party leaders over the distribution of selective incentives, making these leaders less important for local politicians, and (ii) gave more political and financial autonomy to local candidates, reducing their need to join parties in order to advance their electoral goals. As a result, party cohesion and discipline become difficult to maintain, and the party system gradually deinstitutionalizes.Este trabajo argumenta que las reformas descentralizadoras y electorales adoptadas a fines de los años ochenta y en la Constitución de 1991 en Colombia – diseñadas para mejorar la calidad democrática – provocaron, como consecuencia no esperada, una desinstitucionalización gradual del sistema de partidos tradicional de este país. Basándonos en teorías que resaltan el efecto de los recursos sobre la configuración partidaria, argumentamos que en países en vías de desarrollo, donde los recursos suelen ser cruciales para la agregación partidaria, reformas «democratizadoras» diseñadas para distribuir poder y recursos en el sistema político pueden reducir los incentivos de los candidatos locales para unirse y permanecer leales a los partidos políticos, particularmente cuando la reputación de estos últimos es débil. En Colombia, estas reformas(i) redujeron el poder de los líderes de nivel intermedio de los partidos sobre la distribución de incentivos selectivos, lo que los volvió menos importantes para los políticos locales, y (ii) dio más autonomía política y financiera a los candidatos locales, lo cual redujo su necesidad de afiliarse a partidos a fin de alcanzar sus objetivos electorales. Como resultado, la cohesión y disciplina partidaria se hicieron más difíciles de mantener y el sistema de partidos se desinstitucionalizó gradualmente.
2
Kofman, Olga Loraine. "Deinstitutionalization and Its Discontents: American Mental Health Policy Reform." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/342.
Abstract:
In 1963, President John F. Kennedy signed the Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, establishing the beginnings of deinstitutionalization in the United States. By some counts, this Act was a stupendous policy success—by others, a dismal failure. 50 years later, no cohesive national mental health care policy has emerged to deal with increased rates of mental illness among the homeless and the incarcerated. However, California has made enormous strides to create a state policy which provides adequate services to the mildly, moderately, and severely mentally ill as well as adequate funding for those services through Proposition 63, the Mental Health Services Act, passed in 2004. This paper reviews mental health policy history from Colonial America to the present, paying special attention to JFK's deinstitutionalization in 1963 and the discontents that followed. It takes a special look at California's mental health care policy history and the strides the state has made to better serve the mentally ill.
3
Alavi, Christine. "The death of the asylum? Deinstitutionalization: Policy and practice." Thesis, Alavi, Christine (1993) The death of the asylum? Deinstitutionalization: Policy and practice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51292/.
Abstract:
The thesis begins by examining the narratives by which the psychiatric institution was sustained and legitimated from the eighteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century.
It outlines and analyses the discourses which have determined how deinstitutionalization of the long-term mentally ill has been implemented. It investigates deinstitutionalization as a response to the critiques of the asylum in the 1960's and 70's, and evaluates its effects on the lives of the long-term mentally disturbed. It argues that policies based on community care, which were ostensibly aimed at ameliorating the worst aspects of institutionalization, have reproduced those negative aspects in the streets and emergency shelters of the inner cities of North America, Australia and Britain.
The Australian experience of developing policies of institutionalization and deinstitutionalization is discussed, looking at recent documents at both state and national levels.
Alternative approaches to the dissolution or decentralization of the psychiatric institution are examined, with particular reference to Italy and to innovative projects in both North America and Australia.
The thesis concludes by addressing the basic issues in the development and implementation of policies for the care of the long-term mentally disturbed in Australia.
4
Nøttestad, Jim Aage. "Deinstitutionalization and mental health changes among people with mental retardation." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Neuroscience, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1952.
5
Mendez, Beverlyn G. "Disability Policy Advocates on Strategy, Deinstitutionalization, and Moving from Intermediate Care Facilities." Thesis, University of La Verne, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623483.
Abstract:
Purpose. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative case study was to explore the experiences of advocates who represent organizations that engage in disability policy advocacy. The study investigated the strategies and activities used by disability rights advocates, including those used when advocating for deinstitutionalization of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), and the recommendations for advocates of the deinstitutionalization of individuals who live in large intermediate care facilities (ICFs).
Methodology. A phenomenological case study and semistructured interviews were used to explore the strategies and practices of organizations that engage in disability policy advocacy. The researcher used a purposeful sampling approach to interview 5 disability policy advocates with extensive experience for the study. Gen and Wright’s (2013) policy advocacy framework was used to guide the development of the interview questions and resulting themes that emerged from the interviews.
Findings. Advocacy organizations identified three main activities used when advocating for individuals with I/DD: coalition building, information campaigning, and engaging decision makers. When advocating for the deinstitutionalization of people with I/DD, their strategies included coalition building, information campaigning, and reform efforts. The advocates consistently recommended reform efforts, and to a lesser extent, coalition building as strategies and activities to expedite the deinstitutionalization of individuals who reside in large ICFs.
Conclusion. Reform efforts (pilots, demonstrations, litigation) are consistently recommended for future advocacy efforts in support of expediting the community transition of individuals who reside in large ICFs.
Recommendations. Future research should explore the activities of advocacy organizations for other populations or in other geographies. This research study has direct implications for individuals who reside in large ICFs and want to move to community living. This study adds to the practice of advocacy in that it will aid the development of future advocates through training targeting practices of successful, highly experienced advocates.
6
Sears, Alan Carleton University Dissertation Anthropology. "Mental health, the state and labour-power; deinstitutionalization in Ontario 1959-1965." Ottawa, 1985.
7
D'Antonio, Pamela L. "Deinstitutionalization and its implications on mental health emergency services in Berks County." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1993. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1993.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2937. Abstract precedes thesis title page as [2] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).
8
Tuntiya, Nana. "The Forgotten History: The Deinstitutionalization Movement in the Mental Health Care System in the United States." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000112.
9
Thorpe, Andrea. "Antecedents, mechanisms and processes of deinstitutionalization and institutional change : a case study approach to understanding enterprise under duress." Thesis, Aston University, 2014. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/22441/.
Abstract:
Adopting a grounded theory methodology, the study describes how an event and pressure impact upon a process of deinstitutionalization and institutional change. Three case studies were theoretically sampled in relation to each other. They yielded mainly qualitative data from methods that included interviews, observations, participant observations, and document reviews. Each case consisted of a boundaried cluster of small enterprises that were not industry specific and were geographically dispersed. Overall findings describe how an event, i.e. a stimulus, causes disruption, which in turn may cause pressure. Pressure is then translated as a tension within the institutional environment, which is characterized by opposing forces that encourage institutional breakdown and institutional maintenance. Several contributions are made: Deinstitutionalization as a process is inextricable from the formation of institutions – both are needed to make sense of institutional change on a conceptual level but are also inseparable experientially in the field; stimuli are conceptually different to pressures; the historical basis of a stimulus may impact on whether pressure and institutional change occurs; pressure exists in a more dynamic capacity rather than only as a catalyst; institutional breakdown is a non-linear irregular process; ethical and survival pressures as new types were identified; institutional current, as an underpinning mechanism, influences how the tension between institutional breakdown and maintenance plays out.
10
Räsänen, S. (Sami). "Gender differences in schizophrenia observations from Northern Finland." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514256557.
Abstract:
Abstract
Using three different schizophrenic populations from Northern
Finland, gender differences in some sociodemographic variables,
age at onset, incidence, treatment, outcome and deinstitutionalization
of schizophrenia were examined. The first study population comprises
the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which is an unselected,
general population birth cohort. We followed prospectively 11017 subjects
from 16 to 28 years of age by means of the Finnish Hospital Discharge
Register. From this study population gender differences at the age
of onset and incidence of schizophrenia were calculated. The second
study population was formed of 1525 patients who had their first
treatment episodes at the closed therapeutic community ward situated
at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu during 1977
- 1993. Gender differences were assessed in relation to age at first admission,
some sociodemographic variables, degree of active participation
of the patients in individual, group, and milieu therapy and institutional
outcome of the patients with schizophrenia. The third study population
consisted of all the 253 long-stay psychiatric inpatients treated
for at least six months without a break during 1992 in the Department
of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital. From this study population
gender differences at the age of onset and in relation to some sociodemographic
and clinical variables were studied. The placements after the last
discharge and at the end of the follow-up and factors predicting
hospitalization after the follow-up were also monitored.
There were no statistically significant gender differences
regarding age at onset in any of these three different study populations.
The time lag between the first psychotic symptoms and the first psychiatric
hospitalization was minimal. In the Northern Finland 1966 Birth
Cohort study the annual incidence rate of DSM-III-R schizophrenia
was relatively high, 7.9 per 10 000 in men and 4.4 in women by the
age of 28. In men it was highest in the age group of the 20-24 year-olds
while in women the peak occurred earlier in the age group of the
16-19 year-olds.
In the Therapeutic community study there were no statistically
significant gender differences in the sociodemographic variables,
in the length of stay and in the number of treatment episodes in
this ward in any of the diagnostic groups. Differences with regard
to male and female participation in individual, group and milieu
therapy and the institutional outcome were minimal, some trends, however,
favoring females.
In the long-stay patients study almost two-thirds of these
patients were men. Very few gender differences were found in relation
to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or regarding the utilization
of psychiatric hospital care.
About 70% of the long-stay patients were discharged
during the four year follow-up period and only 15% were
able to live without continuous support. Marital status (being not
married), dwelling place (living in city), absence of negative symptoms
and severity of the illness were associated with hospitalization
at the end of the follow-up. Gender did not predict hospitalization
at the end of the follow-up period.
The results of this study indicate that there are probably
different subgroups of schizophrenia in which there are no gender
differences regarding age at onset and in the clinical picture of
the disturbance or there are regional differences in the manifestation
of the illness. In Finland patients are hospitalized earlier after
the onset of the first psychotic symptoms than in many other countries. According
to the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study the incidence of
schizophrenia is higher among young men than women and the total
life-time incidence of schizophrenia may be smaller in women. The
results from the Therapeutic community study suggest that therapeutic
community treatment may level out the gender differences in the
treatment process and outcome. The long-stay patient study showed
that long-term patients are dependent on considerable support and
that the most seriously ill patients are in fact in hospital. Alternative
residential facilities have been a presupposition to the deinstitutionalization
of the long-stay patients.
11
Oliveira, Juliana Paula de. "A transversalidade do encontro : da desinstitucionalização em Trieste à Sorocaba, (re)fazeres? /." Assis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150827.
Abstract:
Orientador: Silvio YasuiCristina Amélia Luzio
Ricardo Sparapan Pena
Resumo: Desinstitucionalização é um processo social complexo que mobiliza os sujeitos sociais como atores que transformam a relação de poder entre pacientes e instituição substituindo as internações em Hospitais Psiquiátricos, fazendo assim uma reconversão dos recursos (materiais e humanos) (Rotelli, 2001). Das experiências de reforma na psiquiatria já realizadas, foi na Itália que esse processo foi exitoso no que se refere à questão antimanicomial, especialmente na cidade de Trieste com o trabalho iniciado por Franco Basaglia. No Brasil, vivemos um processo de transformação na saúde mental nomeado reforma psiquiátrica que visa à inserção social e melhor qualidade de vida para as pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. A cidade de Sorocaba, localizada no interior de São Paulo, vivencia mais um momento importante para a reforma psiquiátrica. Após denúncias acerca da situação dos hospitais psiquiátricos da região, houve a assinatura de um Termo de Ajuste e Conduta (TAC) envolvendo Ministério Público Federal, Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, Secretaria de Saúde de São Paulo, Governo do Estado, Ministério da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Sorocaba, Prefeitura Municipal de Salto de Pirapora e Prefeitura Municipal de Piedade. O TAC traz metas e prazos para um processo de desinstitucionalização de um dos maiores polos de hospitais psiquiátricos no país. A partir desse contexto esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar e estabelecer um diálogo entre a história da consolidação da reforma psiquiátrica na Itália, em especial na cidade de Trieste, cotejando e traçando linhas transversais com o atual momento vivido na reforma psiquiátrica brasileira na região de Sorocaba, principalmente no município de Sorocaba com o processo chamado de desinstitucionalização dos hospitais psiquiátricos e ampliação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS)
Abstract: Deinstitutionalization is a complex social process that mobilizes social subjects as agents who change relations of power between patients and institution replacing hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals and then promoting reconversion of (material and human) resources (Rotelli, 2001). Among experiences of psychiatric reform performed up to date, this process was successful in Italy for an anti-asylum view, especially in Trieste city with the movement initiated by Franco Basaglia. In Brazil, there is a process of change in mental health recently called psychiatric reform which aims to social insertion and good quality of life for individuals with psychic suffering. The city of Sorocaba, located in the extended metropolitan region of São Paulo, has been experienced one more relevant moment for psychiatric reform. Following complaints about the situation of psychiatric hospitals in the region, a conduct adjustment term (TAC) was signed by Brazilian Public Prosecutor‟s Office (MPF), São Paulo Public Prosecutor‟s Office, São Paulo Department of Health, Sorocaba Municipal Prefecture, Salto de Pirapora Municipal Prefecture and Piedade Municipal Prefecture. TAC introduces aims and limits for a process of deinstitutionalization of one of the largest centers of psychiatric hospitals in the country. In this context this dissertation has as its purpose to analyze and establish dialogues between the history of the organization of psychiatric reform in Italy - especially in the city of Trieste - and the current period experienced in the psychiatric reform in Brazil, especially in Sorocaba city, with the process called deinstitutionalization of psychiatric hospitals and expansion of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS)
Mestre
12
Tremblay, Sandra. "Point de vue des intervenants de la santé dans l'évaluation du fonctionnement dans les rôles sociaux /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
13
Corbett, Allan Francis. "Not so good, not so bad : an ethnographic study of the lives of former residents of Exon House following deinstitutionalization /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34172.pdf.
14
Rojas, Ines Nayhari. "Women and the Democratic State: Agents of Gender Policy Reform in the Context of Regime Transition in Venezuela (1970-2007)." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/10.
Abstract:
This study examined the process of gender policy reform. It sought to explain how and when gender policy reform has taken place in Venezuela across time. The study entailed observations of gender policy reform during specific periods of Punto Fijo democracy (1958-1998) characterized by democratic consolidation and deconsolidation, and during the transition towards a new type of hybrid democracy, the Chávez era (1999-2007). The policies considered were the ones addressing women’s equality at home and at work, reproductive rights, women’s economic rights, and political participation. The analysis showed that the likelihood of gender policy reform depends on the combination of certain institutional configurations that provide women access to the decision-making process of the state, but most importantly to women’s groups’ capacity to organize a broad coalition of women from civil society and from within the state apparatus behind to push for a reform by using frames based on international agreed norms that legitimized their struggle. In addition, the analysis reveals the negative influence of religious groups with decision-making power on the process of gender policy reform.
15
Mirfin-Veitch, Brigit, and n/a. "Dislocation: deinstitutionalisation in the lives of families of people with an intellectual disability." University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061024.151035.
Abstract:
This thesis is based on a research project that explored the deinstitutionalisation and eventual closure of a large residential facility for people with an intellectual disability. The thesis is focused on family experiences of deinstitutionalisation in order to understand how families interacted with this major process of social change, and pays specific attention to the role of adult siblings within this context.
Unstructured interviews were held with thirty-five families who had family members with an intellectual disability who were being resettled from an institution to alternative disability support services. Families were interviewed at three specific phases during the deinstitutionalisation process: prior to the resettlement of their family member; 1-3 months following resettlement; and one year after resettlement. In keeping with the constructivist paradigm that underpinned this qualitative study, repeated contact with families enabled me to develop some insights into how families made decisions relevant to their family members� transitions from the institutional environment.
The study findings highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of families. While families who participated in this study were found to have shared a similar journey toward institutionalisation, their responses and reactions to deinstitutionalisation and the decision-making associated with such a process were more diverse. My analysis presents the notion that taking a constructivist approach to theorising can facilitate an understanding of how families are influenced in their decision-making with regards to the resettlement of a family member with an intellectual disability. That is, we may be able to gain greater understanding of families� perceptions of their family members who have an intellectual disability and, subsequently, the decisions that families make regarding the care of that person by exploring the meanings they assign to their world. Ascertaining how families come to construct their understandings of disability is, in my view, critical to responding appropriately to families� needs within the context of disability support and service provision.
16
Tuntiya, Nana. "The forgotten history [electronic resource] : the deinstitutionalization movement in the mental health care system in the Uunited Sstates / by Nana Tuntiya." University of South Florida, 2003.
Abstract:
Title from PDF of title page.Document formatted into pages; contains 60 pages.
Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: The development of ideas on deinstitutionalization of mental patients has a much longer history in the United States than is commonly acknowledged. Evidence of intense discussion on the rights of the mentally disturbed, curative as opposed to control measures in their treatment, and the drawbacks of congregating the afflicted in large institutions can be found as early as the middle of the 19th century. This discussion was provoked by dissemination of knowledge about the oldest community care program of all: the colony of mental patients in Gheel, Belgium. Based on document analysis of publications in the American Journal of Insanity from 1844 to 1921, this study attempts to trace how this discussion resulted in the first wave of deinstitutionalization in the American mental health care system, and the successful implementation of the alternative of hospital treatment.
ABSTRACT: My study further documents how the development of this program was inhibited by the need of psychiatry to attain professional legitimation. In its struggle to acquire public respect and occupational authority, the profession focused on somatic explanations of disease that could justify categorization of psychiatry as a branch of medical science. While this claim was not decisively supported by laboratory findings, or the ability to cure patients, psychiatry put forward genetic explanations of mental disorder. This took the profession to the extreme of the eugenics movement, and eventually positioned it as an institution of social control instead of medical authority. Having thus failed to achieve the ultimate professional legitimation in the medical field, psychiatry was exposed to a new wave of criticism in the 1960s, which led to the second wave of deinstitutionalization. History repeated itself with the same outcome.
ABSTRACT: In the absence of overall support within psychiatric circles, and a lack of appreciation of family care as a viable alternative to hospital treatment among social scientists, deinstitutionalization could not but fail again. The contribution of the study lies in the areas of deinstitutionalization, professionalization of expert labor, and the social construction of mental illness and deviance.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
17
Radeva, Hadjiev Vera. "The Impact of the European Union on the transformation of child protection policies : a study of Bulgarian deinstitutionalization reform (1989-2015)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0017/document.
Abstract:
La Bulgarie avait en 1990 l’un des nombre d’enfants, ayant des parents vivants, abandonnés dans des institutions parmi le plus élevé au sein des de l’Union Européenne. En portant notre attentions sur la manière dont la candidature à l’Union Européenne a affecté l’héritage post-communiste en Bulgarie, notre thèse cible le développement de la réforme des orphelinats et donc des institutions en approfondissant le concept de « désintitutionnalisation ». Dans un second temps, nous comparons cette réfome à la réforme britannique. Notre objectif est d’éclairer le rôle de l’Union européenne dans la transformation des politiques sociales de protection de l’enfance. Notre terrain de recherche est celui de la Bulgarie et du Royaume-Uni et leurs systèmes de protection infantile de 1989 à 2015In the 1990’s Bulgaria had one of the highest numbers of abandoned children with living parents among European member states. Our question of departure was how the European Union membership has changed the post-communist heritage of institutional care and we focus on the transformation of orphanages through the deinstitutionalization reform. Furthermore, this doctoral research compares the development of the Bulgarian deinstitutionalization reform to the British one, and offers an insight into the role of the European Union in the transformation of social policies of child protection. The terrain of the research is Bulgaria and the United Kingdom, and their systems of child protection from 1989 to 2015
18
Nascimento, Carla Cristina do. "Apoio matricial em saúde mental: possibilidades e limites no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-11062007-153348/.
Abstract:
De acordo com os pressupostos da Reforma Psiquiátrica, a assistência ao sofrimento psíquico deve ocorrer em uma rede de cuidados que esteja, preferencialmente, na comunidade, ou seja, de base territorial Nesta rede deve estar contemplado todo e qualquer recurso que o território disponha, seja ele de saúde ou não, incluindo a Atenção Básica. Desta forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o significado do Apoio Matricial em saúde mental desenvolvido na rede de Atenção Básica de Saúde de Campinas (SP), por meio das falas dos profissionais que estão vivenciando tal prática. O Apoio Matricial em saúde mental é um arranjo organizacional implantado com a intenção de reorientar as ações de saúde mental na saúde básica, ampliando as possibilidades de o usuário ser atendido de forma integral; tal arranjo busca desconstruir a lógica da referência/contra-referência, instituindo uma noção de co-responsabilização pelos usuários e suas famílias, produzindo, assim, maior resolutividade nos casos que se apresentam. Para a análise do significado do Apoio Matricial em saúde mental, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e, o referencial lógico-conceitual que respaldou tal análise foi a Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. Da apreensão das falas, emergiram quatro categorias empíricas para a análise, a saber: Apoio Matricial em Saúde Mental; Processo Saúde-Doença Mental; Processo de Trabalho e Política Nacional de Saúde Mental, tais categorias permitiram maior compreensão teórica da realidade e, foram operacionalizadas pela categoria analítica: Representação Social. Diante da análise feita, conclui-se que o Apoio Matricial é um arranjo de fundamental importância na atenção aos usuários e na capacitação/suporte das equipes de saúde, potencializando a desinstitucionalização e, ao mesmo tempo, sendo ferramenta importante para evitar internações arbitrárias. Assim, faz-se necessário a implantação e implementação de equipes de saúde mental matriciadoras para a atenção básica e, conseqüente articulação destas com as equipes dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e dos outros recursos da comunidadeAccording to the presupposition of the Psychiatric Reform, the assistance to the psychic suffering must occur in a net of attention in which must be preferentially in the community, in other words, in a territorial ground. All and any kind of resource the territory has must be in this net, being from health or not, including Basic Care. This way, this study had as objective to analyze the meaning of the Matrix Support in mental health developed at the Basic Health Attention Net of Campinas (SP), thought the speech of the professionals who are living such practice. The Matrix Support in mental health is an organizational arrangement implanted with the intention of keeping the actions of mental health and basic health, enlarging the possibilities of the user to be attended in a integral way; such arrangement searches for the deconstruction of the logic of reference/counter-reference, establishing a notion of co-responsibility among users and their families, thus, producing more results in the cases presented. For the analysis of the meaning of the Matrix Support in mental health, it has been used qualitative research and the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform was the logic-conceptual reference that held such analysis. From the understanding of the speeches, four empirical categories emerged from the analysis, to wit: Matrix Support in mental Health; Process Mental Health-Disease; Process of Work and National Politics of Mental Health. Such categories permitted a larger theoretical understanding of reality and they have been practiced by the analytical category: Social Representation. In the face of the analysis made, it could have been concluded that the Matrix Support is an arrangement of fundamental importance in the attention to the users and the qualification/support of the health staff, strengthening the deinstitutionalization and at the same time being important tool to avoid arbitrary internment. Therefore, it is necessary the implantation and implementation of staffs of mental health matrix for the basic attention and their consequent articulation with the staffs of the Psychosocial Attention Centers and other resources of the community
19
Barbosa, Marina de Melo. "Sobrecarga do cuidado em famílias de egressos de internação psiquiátrica - análise nos três meses após a alta hospitalar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-31102011-092214/.
Abstract:
A política de saúde mental preconiza a diminuição da oferta de leitos psiquiátricos e a criação de serviços na comunidade deslocando a responsabilidade pelo seguimento do tratamento da doença mental das equipes hospitalares para as equipes comunitárias, o doente mental e seus familiares. Pacientes com transtornos mentais e seus familiares vivenciam momentos cíclicos de controle e diminuição sobre situações problema, as quais podem ou não resultar em internação psiquiátrica. A família passa a ser a principal provedora de cuidados e apoio aos pacientes psiquiátricos, no meio extra-hospitalar, fator este que pode gerar sobrecarga na família.A sobrecarga familiar é definida como \"um estado psicológico que advém da combinação de trabalho físico, emocional e pressão social\". O período pós a alta hospitalar pode gerar a família grande impacto que ao longo do tempo se modifica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e comparar a sobrecarga objetiva e subjetiva do familiar cuidador de pacientes no primeiro mês de alta hospitalar e após três meses deste período. Método - Foi aplicada a escala FBIS-BR nos neste primeiros mês e após três meses deste período. Foram entrevistados 26 familiares de pacientes que realizavam seguimento em um serviço de saúde mental ambulatorial na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Os dados foram analisados através de freqüência e porcentagem e o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon-teste t- foi aplicado para identificar os itens da FIBS-BR que se destacaram na sobrecarga familiar. Resultados e discussão:.Os familiares dos 63 pacientes que compareceram as consultas foram convidados a participar do estudos e destes somente 26 aceitaram participar .Os pacientes desta amostra são em sua maioria homens, casados e completaram o ensino fundamental .Com relação aos cuidadores a maioria eram mulheres e mães com média de idade de 51 anos .Os participantes deste estudo são pertencentes a classe social mais baixa. Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes no estudo foram dos seguintes agrupamentos: \"Esquizofrenia, transtornos esquizotípicos,Transtornos delirantes e Transtornos de Humor\" .Os resultados demonstraram que a sobrecarga objetiva destaca-se da subjetiva nos dois momentos analisados. Indicando que os familiares são sobrecarregados com atividades de cuidado do doente, porém não se sentem prejudicados por isso. Possivelmente este resultado indica que os familiares preferem responder que não se incomodam porque entendem que é sua obrigação cuidar do familiar.A sobrecarga do cuidado objetiva e subjetiva diminuiu do primeiro para o terceiro mês e três aspectos podem explicar este resultado : 1- Paciente ainda com sintomas da doença no primeiro mês após a alta hospitalar 2- Readaptação da família após três meses de alta hospitalar; 3- Estratégia de visitas domiciliares pela equipe de saúde. Considerações Finais: Este estudo aponta para a importância e necessidade de acompanhamento dos pacientes egressos e seus familiares. A visita domiciliar é uma estratégia importante pois consegue manter um vinculo mais estreito entre o doentes, sua família e o serviços de saúde mental. A visita domiciliar é parte das atividades do enfermeiro sendo portanto, um dos profissionais da equipe que pode contribuir muito para melhorar as condições de doentes e famílias.The mental health policy calls for the reduced supply of psychiatric beds and the creation of services in the community by shifting responsibility for monitoring the treatment of mental illness of hospital staff to community teams, the mentally ill and their families. Patients with mental disorders and their families experience moments cyclic control and reduction of problem situations, which may or may not result in psychiatric hospitalization. The family becomes the primary provider of care and support to psychiatric patients in the middle-ofhospital, a factor that can lead to overload in the family. The family burden is defined as \"a psychological state that arises from the combination of physical work, emotional and social pressure\". The post hospital discharge to the family can generate great impact over time changes. The present study aims to describe and compare the objective and subjective burden of family caregivers of patients in the first month of hospital discharge and after three months of this period. Method - was applied FBIS-BR scale in this first month and after three months of this period. Were interviewed 26 relatives of patients who were performing a follow-up outpatient mental health services in Ribeirão Preto. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage and the nonparametric Wilcoxon t-test was used to identify items of FIBS-BR that stood out in the family burden. Results and discussion: The relatives of 63 patients who attended the consultations were invited to participate in these studies and only 26 agreed to participate. The patients in this sample are mostly male, married and completed their primary education. With respect to most caregivers were women and mothers with an average age of 51 years. The participants in this study are belonging to lower social class. The most prevalent diagnosis in the study were the following groupings: \"Schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, delusional disorders and mood disorders\". The results showed that the overhead lens stands out in two moments of subjective analysis. Indicating that family members are overwhelmed with patient care activities, but do not feel harmed by it. Possibly this result indicates that family members prefer to answer that do not bother because they understand that it is his duty to take care of the family. The burden of care objectively and subjectively decreased from first to third month and three aspects may explain this result: 1 - The patient has symptoms of the disease in the first month after hospital discharge; 2 Hospital - Rehabilitation of the family after three months of hospital discharge; 3 - Strategy of home visits by health teams. Final Thoughts: This study highlights the importance and necessity of patient follow up graduates and their families. The home visit is an important strategy because it can maintain a closer link between the patient, his family and mental health services. The home visit is part of the activities of nurses and therefore, a team of professionals that can do much to improve conditions for patients and families.
20
Vieira, Enara de Carvalho. "A transinstitucionalização no caso do fechamento da Casa de Saúde Dr. Eiras- Paracambi: uma questão paradoxal." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6469.
Abstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar o processo de fechamento da Casa de Saúde Dr. Eiras- Paracambi, uma clínica psiquiátrica privada que esteve em processo de fechamento por 12 anos e que efetivamente foi fechada em março de 2012. Este processo envolveu a gestão estadual de saúde mental, o município de Paracambi, os municípios que tinham pacientes internados, o Ministério Público Federal e Estadual e a Área Técnica de Saúde Mental do Ministério da Saúde. A pesquisa pretendeu analisar as respostas políticas que o município do Rio de Janeiro, que apresentava o maior número de internações, articulou para seus munícipes que se encontravam internados nesta instituição, focando na transinstitucionalização, ou seja, na transferência dos pacientes da Casa de Saúde Dr. Eiras-Paracambi para outras instituições de internações psiquiátricas ou clínicas. Procurou-se entender por que essa resposta foi pensada e como foi realizada por este município e compreender, a partir dos profissionais, como foi feita a passagem dos pacientes da Casa de Saúde Dr. Eiras-Paracambi para outra instituição e quais são as perspectivas para a continuidade do acompanhamento dos casos transinstitucionalizados. A pesquisa se dividiu em duas fases, em ambas foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A primeira fase partiu do recolhimento das falas de gestores, numa visada mais geral do processo, inclusive investigando a participação de outros municípios. A segunda fase, por sua vez, priorizou a experiência dos profissionais, que trabalham ou trabalharam mais diretamente com os pacientes transferidos no município do Rio de Janeiro. As instituições escolhidas para a segunda fase foram o Instituto Municipal Nise da Silveira e o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Torquato Neto. Constatamos que além de diferentes sentidos para desinstitucionalização (desospitalização; desassistência;desconstrução; novas institucionalidades e intencionalidade do tratamento), podemos falar em vários tipos de transinstitucionalização: para hospital ou outro estabelecimento asilar; para estabelecimento privado ou público; para estabelecimento psiquiátrico ou clínico. O tema da transinstitucionalização foi abordado como um paradoxo, superando a dicotomia problema- solução.
The present study aimed to analyze the closing process of the Casa de Saúde Dr. Eiras-Paracambi, a private psychiatric clinic that has been in a closing process for 12 years and effectively closed in March 2012. It involved the states mental health management, the Paracambis local government, the local governments that had interned patients, federal and state Public Ministry and the technical Department of Mental Health, on the Health Ministry . This research tries to analyze the policy responses that the city of Rio de Janeiro, which had the largest number of hospitalization, articulated to the citizens who were interned in this institution, focusing on transinstitutionalization. That is, the transfering of patients from the Casa de Saúde Dr. Eiras-Paracambi to other institutions: psychiatric or clinics. We tried to understand why this response was considered and how the patients passage was made from Casa de Saúde Dr Eiras- Paracambi to others institutions and which are the prospects for continued monitoring of transinstitutionalized cases. The research was divided into two phases, in both were made semistructured interviews. The first phase starts from collecting speeches of the managers, in a general view of the process, including investigating the participation of other municipalities. The second phase, stood on the professionals experience who work or worked more directly with patients transferred in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The institutions chosen for the second phase were Instituto Municipal Nise da Silveira and the CAPS Torquato Neto. We note that apart from different senses given to deinstitutionalization (dehospitalization, lack of assistance; deconstruction, new institutions and treatment intentionality), we can speak of various transinstitutionalization types: to hospital or other establishment for asylum, to private or public establishment, to psychiatric institution or clinical. The theme of transinstitutionalization was approached as a paradox, overcoming the dichotomy problem-solution.
21
Chenoweth, Lesley Irene. "Disability, deinstitutionalisation and discourse : an analysis of institutional reform policies in Queensland, 1994-1996." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36551/7/Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
The closure of large institutions for people with intellectual disability and the subsequent shift to community living has been a feature of social policies in most western democracies for more than two decades. While the move from congregated settings to homes in the community has been heralded as a positive and desirable strategy, deinstitutionalisation has continued to be a controversial policy and practice. This research critically
analyses the implementation of a deinstitutionalisation policy called Institutional Reform in the state of Queensland from May 1994 until it was dismantled under a new government in the middle of 1996. A trajectory study of the policy from early conceptualisation through its
development, implementation and final extinction was undertaken. Several methods were utilised in the research including the textual analyis of policy documents, discussion papers and newspaper articles, interviews with
stakeholders and participant observation. The research draws on theories of discourse and focuses on how discourses
of disability shape policy and practice. The thesis outlines a number of implications for policy implementation more generally as well as for disability services. In particular, the theoretical framework builds on
Fulcher's (1989) disabling discourses - medical, charity, lay and rights - and identifies two additional discourses of economics and inclusion. The thesis argues that competing disability discourses operated in powerful
ways to shape the implementation of the policy and illustrates how older discourses based on fear and prejudice were promoted to positions of dominance and power.
22
Miles-Meertins, Michelle. "An analysis of the relationship between decompensation factors and alternative care structures for mentally ill clients in metropolitan Atlanta since the deinstitutionalization movement." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2001. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3452.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to analyze and explain the relationship between decompensation factors and alternative care structures for mentally ill clients in metropolitan Atlanta since the deinstitutionalization movement. Selected facets of decompensation and alternative care structures were analyzed to explain the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variables and to determine which of these facets are predictors of functioning and/or improved quality of life for mentally ill clients. Survey research was utilized involving a randomly selected sample of 100 mentally ill clients who were either active participants of Community Friendship Incorporated (CFI) or residents of one of the supportive/transitional housing programs affiliated with Community Friendship Incorporated. The independent variables for the study are age group, gender, ethnicity, education, employment and marital status. The questionnaire will employ two instruments. The Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32) allows for the documentation of self-reported functioning and symptomalogy in addition to the Alternative Care Structure Survey (ACSS) which permits self-reported documentation of usage of various program components of alternative care settings. The decompensation factors of relation to self/others, daily living skills/role functioning, depression/anxiety, impulsive/addictive behavior and psychosis; and the usage of program components of alternative care structures will be codified, measured and analyzed.
23
Dixon, Roselyn May, University of Western Sydney, and of Arts Education and Social Sciences College. "Moving out : the impact of deinstitutionalisation on salient affective variables, social competence and social skills of people with mild intellectual disabilities." THESIS_CAESS_XXX_Dixon_R.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/550.
Abstract:
This thesis examined the social competency and affective functioning of people with mild intellectual disabilities through salient variables that impact on people with disabilities who have been deinstitutionalised. Its primary purpose was to extend the previous research on the impact of deinstitutionalisation by incorporating multi-dimensional self-concept, adaptive behaviour and quality of life, in combination with self esteem and locus of control, in longitudinal/comparison design. It is also aimed to examine the development of identity, self-esteem and social competencies from a qualitative perspective. Finally it assessed the efficacy of an interpersonal cognitive problem-solving intervention which incorporated techniques for the development of maintenance and generalisation and determined the impact of this intervention on real-life social behaviours. The findings have important implications for current theory of the self-concept for people with intellectual disabilities, the provision of programs and techniques to improve self-concept, and also for the provision of social skills programs to enhance the social competencies and the social integration for people who have been deinstitutionalised.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
24
Pereira, Lívia Cretton. "O hospício como morada: capturas e resistências nas práticas de cuidado em saúde mental." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7013.
Abstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEsta pesquisa é disparada a partir do encontro da pesquisadora com as chamadas moradias dentro de hospitais psiquiátricos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No seio da reforma psiquiátrica e da instalação de uma rede de assistência substitutiva ao hospício, ocorrem transformações também no interior deste último: humanizam-se as práticas, retirando de cena o eletrochoque, a lobotomia, a camisa-de-força, fazendo documentos como CPF, RG e etc. Contudo, a edificação manicomial permanece de pé com os seus grandes pavilhões, alguns agora travestidos em moradias, que tanto podem operacionalizar uma passagem de dentro para fora dos muros como perpetuar o hospício. O texto indaga por que motivo, a partir de um certo momento, inaugura-se um novo modo de organização em saúde mental, em que a antiga centralidade hospitalar se fragmenta em moradias internas e se difundem os novos serviços, ditos abertos, para em seguida afirmar que a construção de uma rede substitutiva não assegura, definitivamente, o fim da relação manicomial. Com o suporte teórico de Foucault e Deleuze, propõe uma discussão acerca da biopolítica da espécie humana, da coexistência de tecnologias disciplinares e regulamentadoras e da inauguração, na sociedade de controle, de um exercício de poder difuso, a céu-aberto, dispensando a coação física e a instituição da reclusão. O texto, entretanto, não se deixa abater por essas análises, mantendo suas apostas numa Reforma Psiquiátrica que propõe como um campo de disputas, de embates cotidianos. É então que a temática do cuidado entra em cena. Para tanto, faz-se uma releitura do período helenístico-romano através dos olhos de Foucault. O Cuidado de Si é apresentado ao leitor para, em seguida, ser estabelecido um contraponto entre o mesmo e o modo de ser sujeito moderno e cristão, com exercícios de renúncia a si e práticas de sacrifício, que em muito se assemelham à maneira como os trabalhadores vêm atuando, hoje, no campo da saúde mental. O texto procura dar pistas e visibilizar as resistências presentes em meio às tantas capturas postas em análise. Trata-se de uma experimentação de práticas de liberdade que se atualizem na operação de cuidado.
This research comes by the encounter with the researcher calls dwellings within Psychiatric Hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Within the psychiatric reform and the establishment of a network of substitutive of hospice care, changes also occur in the interior of the latter: humanize yourself practices, removing scene electroshock, lobotomy, straitjacket, making documents, etc. However, the asylum building still stands with its large pavilions, some masquerading as houses, that can either operate a passage from inside to outside the walls as perpetuating hospice. The text asks why, from a certain point, opens up a new way of organization in mental health, where the old hospital centrality fragments into domestic dwellings and diffuse new services, said open, then to say that the construction of a replacement network ensures not definitely the end of the asylum relationship. With the technical support of Foucault and Deleuze, proposes a discussion on biopolitics of a human species, the coexistence of disciplinary and regulatory Technologies and the inauguration, in control society, a pervasive exercise of power, visible, eliminating the coercion physical and the institution of imprisonment. The text, however, does not leave surrender through these analyzes, keeping its bets in a psychiatric reform proposes that as a battleground, with daily clashes. It is then that the theme of care comes into play. To do so, it is a retelling of the hellenistic roman period through the eyes of Foucault. Care of itself is presented to the reader,then a contrast between himself and the way of being christian and modern subject with exercises and practical renunciation of self-sacrifice that much resemble the way to be established as workers are acting today in the field of mental health. The text seeks to give clues and visualize the resistances present in the midst of so many catches put into analysis. This is a trial of practices of freedom that the update care.
25
Szeto, Lai-lee Lily, and 司徒麗梨. "Perceptions of the conditionally discharged patients towards their status." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4389530X.
26
Taleikis, Paula Urzúa. "O trabalho como estratégia de desinstitucionalização e emancipação na saúde mental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-14082009-100458/.
Abstract:
Este estudo tem por finalidade contribuir com a reflexão sobre a utilização do trabalho nas propostas reabilitadoras de desinstitucionalização no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, buscando compreender o sentido do trabalho e algumas concepções que norteiam as experiências de trabalho no campo da saúde mental. O objeto desta pesquisa, portanto, são as oficinas de trabalho que se orientam pelo trabalho cooperado, entendidas como uma possibilidade de subverter a lógica excludente e normatizadora da relação trabalho e saúde mental que historicamente pautou a relação sociedade/loucura e as instituições (assistenciais, jurídicas, sociais, culturais) que imbuídas dessa lógica vitimaram as pessoas com sofrimento mental, culminando com variados tipos de violência e desumanização. Para compreender esse processo de transformações complexo, fundamentamos o estudo na abordagem dialética, uma vez que possibilita buscar a essência do trabalho a partir da sua expressão na aparência, entendendo como algo em permanente movimento dialético, carregado de conflitos e contradições. Para os autores dessa abordagem o trabalho é considerado um elemento central da realidade, mas deve ser compreendido como historicamente determinado e somente a partir da sua totalidade pode se compreender sua forma particular, nesta pesquisa, nas oficinas de trabalho de um serviço de saúde mental criado no bojo do processo de reforma psiquiátrica de Campinas. Também utilizamos os conceitos de desinstitucionalização, reabilitação psicossocial e cooperativismo social, buscando articulá-los com a categoria analítica Trabalho e suas expressões (alienação, emancipação e processo de trabalho) na concepção marxista, que balizam a análise dos dados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada essencialmente por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a gerente e os coordenadores das oficinas de trabalho. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática dando origem as categorias empíricas: projeto institucional, modo de estruturação do serviço, processo de trabalho em saúde e concepções sobre reabilitação psicossocial, trabalho e cooperativismo social. A análise revelou a existência de contradições e conflitos, que refletem especialmente os modelos tecno-assistenciais em disputa, que por sua vez, são determinados pela totalidade, pelos interesses opostos da luta de classes na sociedade, especialmente sobre os processos de trabalho que pretendem mudanças concretas na vida dos usuários no sentido da sua emancipação. Apontamos para a necessidade de subverter a lógica do trabalho terapêutico, dependente e alienado para transformar a produção e reprodução material e subjetiva dos sujeitos protagonistas dessas mudanças, usuários, familiares e trabalhadores em saúde mental, que passa necessariamente pela conscientização de todos sobre os mecanismos de opressão e dominação manifestos ou latentes ainda presentes nas relações sociais, desde as mais singulares até o âmbito estruturalThis study has as the main objective to contribute to the reflection about the use of labor in the rehabilitative proposition of deinstitutionalization in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, looking for the understanding of the meaning of work and some conceptions that guide the experiences of work in the field of mental health. Therefore, the object of this research are the workshops that are guided by the cooperative work, understood as a possibility to subvert the excluding and normative logic of the relation of work and mental health that ruled historically the relation society/madness and the institutions (assistant, juridical, social, cultural) that imbued of this logic victimized people with mental distress, culminated with several kinds of violence and dehumanization. To understand this process of complex transformation, we substantiated the study with the dialectical approach, once it makes possible the search for the essence of work by its expression in aspect, understanding it as something in permanent dialectical movement, carried of conflicts and contradictions. For the authors of this approach, work is considered as a central element of reality, but it must be understood as historically determined and only by its totality we can understand its particular form, in this research, at the workshops of a mental health assistance created in the middle of the process of the psychiatric reform of Campinas. We also used the concepts of deinstitutionalization, psychosocial rehabilitation and social cooperativeness, seeking to articulate them with the analytical category of Work and its expressions (alienation, emancipation and working process) by the light of the Marxist conception, that delimitate the data analysis. The data collection was carried out essentially by semi-structured interviews with the manager and the coordinators of the workshops. The data were submitted to the thematic analysis originating the following empirical categories: institutional project, structuring mode of the service, process of working in mental health and conceptions about psychosocial rehabilitation, work and social cooperativeness. The analysis revealed the existence of contradictions and conflicts that reflect especially the techno-assistant models in dispute, that in their turn, are determined by totality, by the opposite interests of the class struggle in society, especially about the processes of work that intend concrete changes in the life of the users on their emancipation. We pointed out the need of subversion of the logic of the dependant and alienated therapeutic work to transform the material and subjective production and reproduction of the subjects protagonists of these changes, users, familiars and workers in metal health, who necessarily go through the consciousness of everyone about the evident or latent mechanisms of oppression and domination still present in social relations, from the most singular to the structural ones
27
Costa, Maria Izabel Sanches. "Saúde mental e os novos paradigmas de cidadania e inclusão social na sociedade contemporânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-29032016-142711/.
Abstract:
Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as categorias de cidadania e inclusão social na política de desinstitucionalização nos sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico diante do processo de individualização na teoria social contemporânea. Assume como hipótese que a saída do hospital psiquiátrico por si só não garante a inclusão social e nem o livre exercício da cidadania. Considerado o objetivo desta pesquisa, optou-se por fazer uma pesquisa bibliográfica como procedimento metodológico. O material de estudo foi dividido em três conjuntos: (1) 56 artigos científicos, visando a compreender a visão da academia; (2) um conjunto de legislação, composto de 10 leis que implementaram a política de desinstitucionalização no Brasil e a reforma dos serviços de saúde psiquiátrica, visando a compreender as ações do Estado; (3) quatro Relatórios Finais das quatro Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Mental, para também compreender a participação da sociedade civil. Para a análise do material, utilizou-se uma combinação de duas técnicas complementares: leitura bibliográfica com a análise de conteúdo. Dentre os vários processos que caracterizam a sociedade contemporânea, optou-se por analisar a individualização que impacta nas formas de exercício da cidadania e na inclusão social. Na análise dos resultados da categoria de cidadania foram identificadas associações em relação à interdição civil, liberdade, moradia, saúde, trabalho, educação e participação política. Relacionadas à categoria de inclusão social foram identificadas as referências à família, estigma, laços sociais, autonomia, contratualidade e trabalho. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o campo da saúde mental não está em completa consonância com as transformações da sociedade contemporânea, o que provoca um descolamento da realidade social da própria politica de desinstitucionalização e, portanto, maior dificuldade para a efetiva inclusão social e o exercício da cidadania desses indivíduos.This study aims to analyze the categories of citizenship and social inclusion related to the deinstitutionalization policy of individuals in psychological distress, considering the individualization process in the contemporary social theory. The hypothesis is that leaving the psychiatric hospital does not guarantee the social inclusion and the exercise of citizenship. Considered the objective of this research, it was decided to do a literature review as a methodological procedure. The object of this study has been divided into three groups: (1) 56 scientific papers reviewed in order to identify how the academy deals with this issue; (2) a set of legislation, made up of 10 laws that have implemented deinstitutionalization policy in Brazil and the reform of psychiatric health services analyzed in order to understand the State\'s actions; (3) Reading of the four Final Reports of the Fourth National Conference of Mental Health, to understand how the civil society has been participating in this process. As a research tool to analyze the material mentioned above, we used a technique of reading literature focusing on content analysis. Among the various processes that characterize contemporary society, we chose to examine the individualization that affects the forms of citizenship and social inclusion. In analyzing the citizenship category, associations between the civil interdiction, freedom, housing, health, work, education and political participation were found. Related to the category of social inclusion were identified references to family, stigma, social ties, autonomy, contractually and work. The result of this study shows that the field of mental health is not in complete harmony with the changes of contemporary society, which causes a detachment of the social reality of the deinstitutionalization policy and therefore it is more difficult to guarantee an effective social inclusion and the exercise of citizenship of these individuals.
28
Rosenberg, David. "Psychiatric disability in the community : Surveying the social landscape in the post-deinstitutional era." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26004.
Abstract:
This dissertation presents a discussion of life in the community for people experiencing psychiatric disabilities in the post-deinstitutional era, with the goal of developing knowledge that can suggest a focus for planning more relevant services and supports. While evaluations of deinsitutionalization have focused on possibilities for providing community, rather than hospital-based services for these individuals, the intention was to support a participatory life in the community, a life defined by much more than just care and treatment. The Mental Health Care Reform of 1995 in Sweden paved the way for this more community-based view of needs related to psychiatric disabilities, as local social services became responsible for supports to a participatory life, “like all others”. The general aim of this dissertation was to explore and analyze the results of a series of surveys of psychiatric disability, in order to develop knowledge of the social context of the lives which individuals experiencing these disabilities live in the community. More specifically, the aim was to; • describe contacts/interactions between these individuals and the societal organisations with which they seek services or support. • describe characteristics and needs of the individuals identified in these studies as expressed by representatives of the helping system and users who participated in the studies. • develop knowledge of the mechanisms involved in these patterns of seeking support by exploring and analyzing the empirical results within the context of theoretical (social) approaches to understanding psychiatric disability. The findings of this research are based on an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative results of three studies involving seven municipalities in northern Sweden. Of the 2385 individuals who personnel identified as meeting the criteria for a serious psychiatric disability, approximately half did not have active contact with the formal mental health system. They did however seek services, supports and opportunities that they saw as relevant to their lives and needs as community members. These included health, housing and financial assistance as well as opportunities for education and employment. Various mechanisms operating in the community, including stigmatizing attitudes, exclusionary practices and organizational systems and rules, were seen by respondents as obstacles to these individuals developing meaningful and participatory roles. Social approaches, when utilized to explore and understand issues regarding psychiatric disability in the community, support a focus on the social landscape in which ndividuals experience disability-related needs, as well as the dynamics of the disability experience. While in the deinstitutional era, needs were assessed relative to the individual’s relationship to the psychiatric care system, in the post-deinstitutional era, they should be assessed from a participation-relative perspective, where their position as community member, rather than as patient or client, describes the social location of need. Specialized support to general community resources and services in addition to psychiatrically defined supports, would likely reach many, especially younger individuals who might otherwise become seriously disabled.
29
Bidwell, Joshua. "The Next Step for the Justice Reinvestment Initiative: Making Mental Health a Priority." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20491.
Abstract:
The criminal justice system in the United States was not created to treat mentally ill people. Despite this fact, the number of seriously mentally ill people in prisons and jails now exceeds the number in state psychiatric hospitals by tenfold.
At the same time, the epidemic of mass incarceration in the United States has become one of the most pressing economic and social problems our country has faced in the last three decades.
One novel approach to reducing prison populations and lowering costs to taxpayers has been justice reinvestment. However, for justice reinvestment to meet its ultimate goal of reducing incarceration rates, saving tax payer dollars, and creating safer communities, the JRI must begin to focus more attention and resources on how to better address the unique needs of the mentally ill in the criminal justice system.
30
Smith, Helen Mary. "Factors leading to frequent readmission to Valkenberg Hospital for patients suffering from severe mental illnesses." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_8222_1178701013.
Abstract:
This thesis aimed to explore systematic health service problems that are related to frequent readmission of persons suffering from severe mental illnesses to Valkenberg Hospital. Reduction of acute and chronic beds in the Associated Psychiatric Hospitals, Western Cape over the past decade has led to increasing pressure for beds and rapid inpatient turnover, many of these inpatients being "revolving door"
patients. Integration of mental health service into general health services, an intrinsic part of the comprehensive primary health care approach in South Africa, is supposed to make mental health care more accessible the public, therefore research into why patients are being frequently readmitted at secondary specialist level is indicated.
31
Traldi, Márcia Soares. "O que é o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial hoje? Revendo um conceito e uma prática à luz das transformações estruturais contemporâneas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-14112006-162002/.
Abstract:
Referenciado nas produções teóricas em ciências sociais que informam e discutem as transformações contemporâneas no modo produção capitalista e suas repercussões nos modos de reprodução da vida, organização social, e nos campos de mediações sociais, políticos, simbólicos, culturais, jurídicos e científicos; o presente trabalho visa refletir sobre O que é o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - CAPS - campo de construção de um saber-fazer em saúde mental - no contexto sócio histórico contemporâneo, com base na leitura crítica de textos oficiais (legislação e cartilha) concernentes ao campo, produzidos em âmbito federal a partir da década de 1990, pautada no materialismo histórico e dialético e na concepção de discurso formulada pela Teoria Semiótica Discursiva. Dito de outra forma, objetiva examinar o campo conceitual e interdiscursivo que figura nas leis, portarias e documentos de referência que regulam a implementação e funcionamento destes dispositivos assistenciais, e seus possíveis elos e nexos com as profundas e significativas mudanças engendradas pelas mutações no modo de produção capitalista nas mais diversas instâncias de reprodução da vida social. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter exploratório que pretende contribuir para o mapeamento do campo das práticas em saúde mental, acrescentando elementos às discussões em curso, de modo a favorecer a proposição de ações capazes de operar mudanças nas condições concretas de produção destas mesmas práticas. O referencial teórico adotado para tanto foi o materialismo histórico e dialético e as categorias de análise eleitas: práxis e ideologia. A análise dos dados foi orientada para a depreensão das diretrizes conceituais, valores e visão de mundo, presentes no discurso oficial, que prescrevem e regulamentam as ações de atenção psicossocial, buscando refletir sobre as contradições presentes no discurso e seus nexos com campos discursivos relativos a outras esferas de regulação e organização social e com o contexto sócio histórico atual. Os resultados apontam as mesmas contradições e os reflexos dos mesmos percalços que as diversas esferas de regulação social e reprodução da vida vem enfrentando em tempos atuais, ou seja, as marcas contra hegemônicas e críticas que caracterizaram o início do processo de implantação dos primeiros CAPS filiado à Reforma Psiquiátrica e impulsionado pelo Movimento da Luta Anti-Manicomial, se fazem presentes nos discursos oficiais analisados. No entanto, aspectos depreendidos levam a crer que a lógica segundo a qual operam os dispositivos CAPS, e a favor da qual são postos a funcionar, é oposta ao que aparece na sua superfície discursiva. Se no nível aparente do enunciado o que prevalece são referências à filiação democrática de seus conceitos ao caráter inovador e alternativo de suas práticas que tem como foco os sujeitos e a produção de respostas às suas necessidades; no nível abaixo localizado e por ele encoberto, encontram-se as contradições características do modo de produção capitalista alimentando o maquinário que trabalha a favor da satisfação dos interesses do capital. Esmiuçando estes discursos, nota-se os mesmos mecanismos de manutenção dos modos de reprodução da vida que favorecem e dão sustentação ao capitalismo, e ao mesmo tempo, as mesmas artimanhas na intenção de apagar estes processos, de ocultá-losMentioned in the theorical productions in social science that inform and discuss the contemporary transformation in the way of capitalist production and its repercussion in the way of reproduction of life, social organization, and in the fields of social political, symbolic, cultural, juridical and scientific; the present work aim to reflect about What Psychosocial Attention Center CAPS is construction field of a know-how in mental health in the contemporary socio-historical context, based on the critical reading of official texts (legislation and elementary treatise) refeering to the field, produced in Federal ambit since 1990s, rueld in the historical and dialectical materialism and in the conception of speech formulated by the Discursive Semiotic Theory. Said in other words, the objective is to examine the conceptical and interdiscursive field that figures in laws, judicial directive and documents of reference that rule the implementation and functioning of these attendance dispositives, and its possible links and coherency with the profound and significative changes engendered by the mutation in the way of capitalist production in the most various entreaties of reproduction of social life. This work is about a qualitative study of exploratory character that intends to contribute to map out the field of practice in mental health, adding elements to the current discussion, in order to favor the proposal of actions capable of making changes in the concrete conditions of production of these same practices. The theorical reference used for that was historical and dialectical materialism and the elected categories of analysis: praxis and ideology. The data analysis was oriented for the deduction of the conceptual directrix, value and vision of the world, present in the official speech, that prescribe and regulate the action of psychosocial attention, looking for reflection about the contradiction present in the speech and its coherence with discursive field related to other spheres of social regulation and organization and with the current socio-historical context. The results point to the same contradictions and the reflex of the same disadvantages as the various spheres of social regulation and reproduction have been facing nowadays, in other words, the signs against hegemony and critics that characterize the beginning of the implantation of the first CAPS affiliated to the Psychiatric Reform and propelled by the Anti-madhouse Fight, are present in the official speech analyzed. Nevethless, the aspects infered make us believe that the logic in which the CAPS dispositives operate on and in favor of what they are put to operate on, its opposed to what appears in the discursive surface. If in the apparent level of the stated what prevails ire references to the democratic filiations of its concepts to the innovative and alternative character of its practices that has as focus the subjects and the production of answers to its necessity; on the localized level below and covered by itself, it has been found the characteristic contradictions of the way of capitalism production feeding the machinery that works for the satisfaction of the capital interests. Scrutinizing these speeches, we can notice the same mechanism of maintenance of the way of reproduction of life that favor and give sustainment to capitalism, and at the same time, the same artifice with the intention of erasing these processes, to hide them
32
Garcia, José Marcos. "Estudo sobre o perfil de internação psiquiátrica na cidade de Tupã - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-11092013-143606/.
Abstract:
O objeto de estudo desta Análise Documental foi o perfil de internações psiquiátricas no Município de Tupã. Os objetivos do estudo foram: a) quantificar o número de internações psiquiátricas no Município de Tupã no período 01 (um) ano e b) identificar, por meio da análise documental, os motivos que levam os familiares a concordarem e aceitarem o cuidado em regime hospitalar (se houvesse). As fontes dos dados empíricos foram o Livro de Registro de Internações e os Prontuários dos usuários do Ambulatório de Saúde Mental da Cidade de Tupã. Esta estratégia permitiu localizar os usuários encaminhados para internação psiquiátrica no período de 12 meses (janeiro a dezembro de 2012). O Instrumento de Coleta dos dados empíricos foi o Questionário do Censo Psicossocial dos pacientes moradores dos hospitais psiquiátricos do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicam que a rede pública de saúde mental da Cidade de Tupã restringe-se ao Ambulatório de Saúde Mental e dois hospitais psiquiátricos que são referência para o IX Departamento Regional de Saúde de Marília; observa-se um alto índice de internação de usuários do sexo masculino, em particular de dependentes de álcool e outras drogas, seguidos de pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais, a despeito da vigência da Lei 10.216; não há anotações nos Prontuários sobre a opinião dos familiares sobre a oferta terapêutica única ser a internação psiquiátrica. Recomenda-se que o gestor local alinhe-se às políticas públicas de saúde mental do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro e sustente o direito dos usuários ao cuidado em liberdade.The object of study in this Document Analysis was a study about the psychiatric hospital admissions profile in Tupã county. The study objectives were: a) quantify the psychiatric hospital admissions in Tupã county during the period of a year and b) identify, through the document analyses, the reasons that take families to agree and accept the treatment in a hospital admission pattern ( if it was found). The empiric database came from the Register of Admissions and Medical Records of the patients from the Mental Health Daycare Center of Tupã. That strategy allowed to track the users referred to psychiatric hospital admissions in the period of 12 months (January to December 2012). The empirical Data Collection Instrument was the Census Psychosocial Questionnaire from the patients that live in psychiatric hospitals of São Paulos state. The results indicate that the public mental health network in Tupã is restricted to the Mental Health Daycare Center and two psychiatric hospitals that are reference to the XI Regional Health Department of Marília; there was found a high index of male hospital admissions, particularly of those with alcohol and other drugs dependence, followed by people with mental disorders, despite the enactment of Law 10.216; there arent notes in the Medical Records about what were the families opinion that the only therapeutic possibility was the psychiatric hospital admission. It is recommended that the local manager aligns itself to the public mental health policies of the Brazilian Unified Health System and support the system users rights to care and to freedom.
33
Guimarães, Willian. "A criminalização moral como demarcação da abjeção : sexualidades e expressões de gêneros desviantes na injunção crime-loucura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172218.
Abstract:
O presente trabalho objetiva evidenciar os efeitos da heterocisonormatividade na vida de sujeitos não heterossexuais e não cisgêneros que têm suas trajetórias existenciais marcadas pela injunção crime-loucura. Para tanto, explora os processos penais que delimitam a vida das pessoas em sofrimento mental que cometeram crimes, os chamados pacientes judiciários, que recebem uma medida de segurança. Utilizando-se da genealogia como aporte metodológico, adentra-se nas condições de proveniência e de emergência do "anormal", figura produzida e capturada pelo discurso médico-jurídico através de um longo processo da psiquiatrização do desejo e da sexualidade que ocorreu ao longo do século XIX até os dias de hoje. Legitimada a partir de uma determinada racionalidade científica, tal trama discursiva criminaliza moralmente as expressões da sexualidade e de gênero, colando-as entre si, para lançá-las no campo da abjeção O estudo foi composto por duas estratégias de aproximação do campo de pesquisa: 1) narrativas produzidas a partir do cotidiano de um programa de desinstitucionalização de pacientes judiciários ao qual o pesquisador encontra-se vinculado; 2) seis peças judiciais, com ênfase nos laudos psiquiátricos, de pessoas não heterossexuais e/ou não cisgêneras que receberam uma medida de segurança. A análise do material recolhido permite verificar que a base teórico-conceitual da presunção de periculosidade na qual se sustenta a tese da medida de segurança objetifica-se no laudo psiquiátrico. Tal engrenagem médico-jurídica aponta para uma valoração moral com que as expressões da sexualidade e de gênero do paciente judiciário considerado "desviante" são avaliadas. Por fim, sinalizam-se alternativas de produção de novos modelos de tratamento para o paciente judiciário, que buscam superar a ficção da presunção de periculosidade como base pretensamente científica, revisar a inimputabilidade como dispositivo jurídico que viola direitos inalienáveis dos sujeitos e, por fim, incluam as diretrizes da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira entre as garantias de acesso à saúde a todo cidadão.The present study aims to show the effects of heterocisnormativity in the life of non-heterosexual and non-cisgender individuals whose existential trajectories are marked by the crime-madness injunction. In order to do so, it explores criminal cases that delimit the lives of people in mental suffering who committed crimes, the so-called judicial patients, who receive a measure of security. Using genealogy as a methodological contribution, it enters the conditions of provenance and emergency of the "abnormal", a figure produced and captured by the medical-legal discourse through a long process of psychiatry of desire and sexuality that occurred throughout the 19th century to the present days. Legitimized from a certain scientific rationality, this discursive plot morally criminalizes the expressions of sexuality and gender, sticking them together, to throw them into the field of abjection The study was composed of two strategies of approximation of the research field: 1) narratives produced from the daily routine of a deinstitutionalization program of judicial patients to which the researcher is linked; 2) six judicial papers, with emphasis on the psychiatric reports, of non-heterosexual and / or of non-cisgender individuals that received a security measure. The analysis of the collected material allows verifying that the theoretical-conceptual basis of the presumption of dangerousness on which the thesis of the security measure is based is objectified in the psychiatric report. Such medical-juridical mechanism expresses a moral valuation with which the expressions of the sexuality and gender of the judicial patient considered "deviant" are evaluated. Finally, alternatives for the production of new models of treatment for the judicial patient, which seek to overcome the fiction of the presumption of dangerousness as a supposedly scientific basis, are reviewed, reviewing the non-attributability as a legal device that violates the inalienable rights of the subjects and, finally, include the guidelines of the Brazilian psychiatric reform among the guarantees of access to health for every citizen.
34
Young, Janet Louise. "Deinstitutionalisation and changes in life circumstances of adults with intellectual disability in Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16161.pdf.
35
Ribeiro, Mara Cristina. "A saúde mental em Alagoas: trajetória da construção de um novo cuidado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/83/83131/tde-17042012-112917/.
Abstract:
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo traçar a trajetória de construção do novo modelo de cuidado em saúde mental no Estado de Alagoas. Para tal fim, elegeu-se a estratégia qualitativa de pesquisa, dentro das perspectivas teóricas da pós-modernidade, da desinstitucionalização e da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. Os sujeitos foram gestores, docentes universitários, trabalhadores dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, usuários e seus familiares. Para a produção dos dados foi utilizado o método da história oral temática. Os achados foram submetidos à técnica de Análise Temática e foram organizados em três eixos temáticos e respectivas categorias. O primeiro eixo trata da passagem do cuidado realizado nos hospitais psiquiátricos para o cuidado realizado nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, indicando quais ações e rupturas foram percebidas nesse processo. Também traça o perfil dos principais atores desse novo cuidado. O segundo eixo trata da avaliação das ações concebidas dentro do espaço de exercício do novo cuidado, a partir da percepção dos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa. Este espaço de cuidado se refere tanto às instituições da atenção em saúde mental, os CAPS no caso de Alagoas e outros serviços ligados a ele, quanto às entidades que supostamente permeiam o novo cuidado, principalmente as Universidades e as políticas que dão sustentação a essas ações. O terceiro eixo trata das soluções encontradas pelos próprios entrevistados diante das fragilidades e condições paralisantes apresentadas, ao avaliarem a complexa estrutura do novo cuidado em saúde mental. Ao final, diante de limites e desafios encontrados nessa trajetória, aponta caminhos possíveis para a qualificação desse cuidado no sentido de efetivá-lo como cuidado exercido na comunidade, com base territorial e práticas psicossociais.This research aims to trace the path of construction of the new model of care in mental health in the state of Alagoas Brazil. In order to do so, it was elected the qualitative research strategy, within the theoretical perspective of the post-modernity, of the deinstitutionalization and of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The subjects of the research were the managers, professors, workers from the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), users of the services and their families. For the data producing, it was used the thematic oral history method. The findings were submitted to the Thematic Analysis technique and were organized in three thematic axes and its respective categories. The first axe concerns the transition of the care taken by psychiatric hospitals to the care taken by the Psychosocial Care Centers, indicating which actions and ruptures were noticed in this process. It also traces the profile of the main actors of this new care. The second axe explores the assessment of the actions conceived within the space of exercise of the new care, from the perception of the subjects who participated of the research. This space of care refers to the institutions of care in mental health, the Psychosocial Care Centers in Alagoas and also other services connected to them, as well as to the entities that supposedly permeate the new care, specially the Universities and the policies that give support to these actions. The third axe focuses on the solutions found by the own subjects of the research in front of the fragility and paralyzing conditions presented as they assessed the complex structure of the new care in mental health. In the end, in front of limits and challenges found in this trajectory, it arises possible paths to the qualification of this care in order to effective it as a care taken in the community, territorial based and with psychosocial practices.
36
Carvalho, Rosangela Katia de. "O processo de inclusão-exclusão na vida das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico na pós-modernidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-26052009-111138/.
Abstract:
Este estudo objetivou descrever e analisar o processo inclusãoexclusão social na trajetória de vida das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico, na pós-modernidade. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Projeto Tear, que é um projeto de geração de renda em Guarulhos, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A História Oral de vida foi usada como referencial metodológico e possibilitou a compreensão das histórias individuais, respeitando suas diferenças e seu caráter histórico. Participaram do estudo sete colaboradores. Os dados foram interpretados, de acordo com a análise de conteúdo. Do discurso dos entrevistados, emergiram quatro categorias que visaram compreender os aspectos do processo inclusão - exclusão social que são: aspectos políticos, relacionais, subjetivos e material. Cada aspecto foi subdividido em processos de exclusão e de inclusão. Estes aspectos foram apresentados separadamente para não excluir as diferentes dimensões, garantindo, assim, a discussão de todas as facetas do fenômeno, porém relacionam-se de forma dialética. Ao final das análises, verificou-se a complexidade da temática, pois a exclusão social não está apenas na segregação física das pessoas mas sim em uma lógica de segregação que ultrapassa os manicômios. Observou-se também que o estigma e o preconceito funcionam como barreiras para a inclusão social. Verificou-se, ainda, que a assistência em saúde mental na perspectiva da Clínica Ampliada é uma potência para a inclusão social das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico, assim, como qualquer intervenção que promova o empoderamento, a cidadania, a autonomia, a criação de possibilidades, a produção de sociabilidades e de subjetividades e a produção de sentido de vida. Apesar das conquistas obtidas pela Reforma Psiquiátrica nas dimensões políticas, assistenciais, socioculturais e epistemológicas, a mudança paradigmática e as novas tecnologias de cuidado ainda estão no começo e devem continuar a surgir para assegurar a inclusão das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico, ampliando, assim, o empoderamento e a cidadania dessas pessoas.This study had as objective to describe and analyze the process of social inclusion exclusion along the life of people under psychic distress in post modernity. The data collection was carried out at Projeto Tear, which is a project for the generation of income in Guarulhos, through semi-structured interviews. The Oral history of life was used as methodological reference and enabled the comprehension of the individual histories, respecting its differences and its historicalness. Seven contributors participated in the study. The data were interpreted according to the analysis of the contents. From the discourse of the interviewees, four categories that aim to understand the aspects of the process of social inclusion exclusion emerged , such as: political aspects; relational, subjective and material, each aspect was subdivided in processes of exclusion and inclusion. These aspects were presented separately not to exclude the different dimensions to guarantee the discussion of all the facets of the phenomenon, however they relate in a dialectical way. By the end of the analysis, it was verified the complexity of the subject, because the exclusion is not only in physical segregation of people but yet in a logic of segregation that surpass the asylums. It was observed as well that the stigma and the prejudice work as barriers for the social inclusion. It was verified, yet, that the assistance in mental health, by the perspective of Amplified Clinic (Clínica Ampliada), is a power for the social inclusion of people under psychic distress, as well as any kind of intervention that promote the empowerment, the citizenship, autonomy, the creation of possibilities, the production of sociability and subjectivity and the production of meaning in life. Despite the achievements of the Psychiatric Reform in political, assistant, socio-cultural and epistemological dimensions, the paradigmatic changing and the new technologies of nursing are still in the beginning and they must continue arising to assure the inclusion of people under psychic distress, amplifying, this way, the empowerment and the citizenship of these people.
37
Machado, Vanessa Cristina. "Reinternação psiquiátrica no campo da atenção psicossocial: a perspectiva dos pacientes reinternantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-14012013-154856/.
Abstract:
As concepções sobre a loucura, bem como as formas de tratá-la, vêm sofrendo consideráveis transformações de acordo com a cultura e as épocas. A partir da década de 1990, foi oficializada a Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil, dando início à política de desinstitucionalização e reinserção social. Todavia, ainda são verificados alguns desafios, entre estes, as reinternações no setor de internação breve em um hospital psiquiátrico, o que traz sérias consequências, como a propensão a uma nova modalidade de institucionalização. Este estudo teve como objetivos: analisar o fenômeno da reinternação psiquiátrica no contexto da Atenção Psicossocial, a partir da visão dos pacientes reinternantes em um hospital psiquiátrico público; compreender o processo de reinternação psiquiátrica ao qual o paciente está sujeito; investigar o cenário assistencial e sociofamiliar e suas interferências no fenômeno da reinternação psiquiátrica; explorar, junto aos pacientes, a existência de perspectivas que vislumbrem saídas às repetidas internações psiquiátricas. Inicialmente, com vistas a sintetizar e analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional acerca do fenômeno da reinternação psiquiátrica, no contexto da desinstitucionalização, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura publicada em fontes de pesquisa de impacto que detectou deficiência de estudos que investigassem variáveis psicossociais envolvidas na problemática, bem como ausência da perspectiva do paciente sobre o assunto. O presente estudo fundamentou-se na Atenção Psicossocial, enquanto corpo teórico-prático e ético, e orientou-se pela reabilitação psicossocial como categoria analítica. A Atenção Psicossocial emerge no atual contexto de transição paradigmática, a partir da crise do paradigma da racionalidade científica, e baseia-se no pensamento da complexidade. Para a coleta dos dados, foi aplicado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada a 22 pacientes reinternantes no hospital investigado, bem como coletadas informações sociodemográficas constantes dos seus prontuários. Os dados colhidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, por meio da qual foram construídas as seguintes categorias temáticas: Funções e disfunções do tratamento hospitalar: os sentidos da internação psiquiátrica; Tratamento ambulatorial: repetir ou inovar?; A medicação e seus impasses: benefícios e limites percebidos; Família laços e embaraços: uma convivência possível?; A dimensão social extramuros: construindo lugares possíveis; O momento da alta: o que está por vir daqui para frente. A partir da análise dos dados, constatou-se uma combinação de carências: ausência de apoio familiar desejável, inexistência de trabalho ou de ocupação agradável, dificuldade na apropriação do espaço de moradia, falta de redes de apoio ou de laços sociais, insuficiência dos serviços extra-hospitalares e a ineficiência da assistência que resultam na não adesão ao tratamento, incluindo o medicamentoso. Este cenário favorece o isolamento social e contribui para que, nos momentos de crise, não havendo possibilidade de acolhida do sofrimento no serviço, o hospital seja o recurso mais utilizado pelo paciente. Assim, a coexistência de modelos antagônicos, hospitalar e comunitário, produz um novo fenômeno, que, no entanto, reproduz o velho: a reinternação psiquiátrica que leva à reedição da institucionalização. Nessa direção, a reinternação psiquiátrica, como fenômeno atual, desvela o processo ainda inconcluso e não consolidado da Reforma Psiquiátrica, bem como confirma que a efetiva desinstitucionalização só ocorre com a devida substituição do modelo hospitalar pelo modelo de Atenção Psicossocial.Conceptions about madness, as well as how to treat it, have been undergoing considerable changes according to culture and period. From the 1990s, the Psychiatric Reform was official in Brazil, starting the policy of deinstitutionalization and social reintegration. However, a few challenges are still observed, including the readmissions in the sector of brief hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, which has serious consequences, such as the propensity to a new form of institutionalization. This study aimed to: analyze the phenomenon of psychiatric readmission in the context of Psychosocial Care, from the perspective of readmitted patients in a public psychiatric hospital; understand the process of psychiatric readmission to which the patient is likely to be submitted; investigate the assistance, social and familial scenario and their interference in the phenomenon of psychiatric readmission; explore, together with the patients, the existence of perspectives that envisage other possibilities to repeated psychiatric hospitalizations. Initially, in order to synthesize and analyze the national and international scientific production about the phenomenon of psychiatric readmission in the context of deinstitutionalization, an integrative review of the literature was conducted in research sources of impact. It was found a deficiency of studies that investigate psychosocial variables involved in the problem, as well as an absence of the patient\'s perspective on the subject. The present study was based on the Psychosocial Care, as a theoretical, practical and ethical reference, and was also guided by psychosocial rehabilitation as an analytical category. The Psychosocial Care emerges in the current context of paradigmatic transition, from the crisis of the scientific rationality´s paradigm, and it is based on the thought of complexity. To collect data, a semi-structured interview was applied to 22 readmitted patients in the investigated hospital, as well as the collection of their social and demographic information contained in their hospital records. Data were submitted to content analysis, through which the following thematic categories we developed: Functions and dysfunctions of hospital treatment: the meanings of psychiatric hospitalization; Outpatient treatment: repeat or innovate?; Medication and its impasses: perceived benefits and limits; Family ties and embarrassments: a possible coexistence?; The extramural social dimension: building possible places; The time of discharge: what is to come hereafter. From the data analysis, it was found a combination of deficiencies: lack of desirable family support, lack of pleasant work or occupation, difficulties in the appropriation of the living space, lack of support networks or social ties, lack of outpatient care services and assistance´s inefficiency, that result in noncompliance with treatment, including medication treatment. This scenario favors social isolation and contributes to that, in times of crisis, when there is no possibility of acceptance of suffering in the service, the hospital becomes the most used tool by the patient. Thus, the coexistence of opposing models, hospital and community, produces a new phenomenon, which, however, reproduces the old one: the psychiatric readmission that leads to the repetition of the institutionalization. Accordingly, the psychiatric readmission, as current phenomenon, reveals the unfinished and unbound process of the Psychiatric Reform, and confirms that the effective deinstitutionalization occurs only with proper replacement of the hospital model for the Psychosocial Care model.
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Oliveira, Juliana Paula de [UNESP]. "A transversalidade do encontro: da desinstitucionalização em Trieste à Sorocaba, (re)fazeres?" Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150827.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Desinstitucionalização é um processo social complexo que mobiliza os sujeitos sociais como atores que transformam a relação de poder entre pacientes e instituição substituindo as internações em Hospitais Psiquiátricos, fazendo assim uma reconversão dos recursos (materiais e humanos) (Rotelli, 2001). Das experiências de reforma na psiquiatria já realizadas, foi na Itália que esse processo foi exitoso no que se refere à questão antimanicomial, especialmente na cidade de Trieste com o trabalho iniciado por Franco Basaglia. No Brasil, vivemos um processo de transformação na saúde mental nomeado reforma psiquiátrica que visa à inserção social e melhor qualidade de vida para as pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. A cidade de Sorocaba, localizada no interior de São Paulo, vivencia mais um momento importante para a reforma psiquiátrica. Após denúncias acerca da situação dos hospitais psiquiátricos da região, houve a assinatura de um Termo de Ajuste e Conduta (TAC) envolvendo Ministério Público Federal, Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, Secretaria de Saúde de São Paulo, Governo do Estado, Ministério da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Sorocaba, Prefeitura Municipal de Salto de Pirapora e Prefeitura Municipal de Piedade. O TAC traz metas e prazos para um processo de desinstitucionalização de um dos maiores polos de hospitais psiquiátricos no país. A partir desse contexto esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar e estabelecer um diálogo entre a história da consolidação da reforma psiquiátrica na Itália, em especial na cidade de Trieste, cotejando e traçando linhas transversais com o atual momento vivido na reforma psiquiátrica brasileira na região de Sorocaba, principalmente no município de Sorocaba com o processo chamado de desinstitucionalização dos hospitais psiquiátricos e ampliação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS).
Deinstitutionalization is a complex social process that mobilizes social subjects as agents who change relations of power between patients and institution replacing hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals and then promoting reconversion of (material and human) resources (Rotelli, 2001). Among experiences of psychiatric reform performed up to date, this process was successful in Italy for an anti-asylum view, especially in Trieste city with the movement initiated by Franco Basaglia. In Brazil, there is a process of change in mental health recently called psychiatric reform which aims to social insertion and good quality of life for individuals with psychic suffering. The city of Sorocaba, located in the extended metropolitan region of São Paulo, has been experienced one more relevant moment for psychiatric reform. Following complaints about the situation of psychiatric hospitals in the region, a conduct adjustment term (TAC) was signed by Brazilian Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPF), São Paulo Public Prosecutor’s Office, São Paulo Department of Health, Sorocaba Municipal Prefecture, Salto de Pirapora Municipal Prefecture and Piedade Municipal Prefecture. TAC introduces aims and limits for a process of deinstitutionalization of one of the largest centers of psychiatric hospitals in the country. In this context this dissertation has as its purpose to analyze and establish dialogues between the history of the organization of psychiatric reform in Italy – especially in the city of Trieste – and the current period experienced in the psychiatric reform in Brazil, especially in Sorocaba city, with the process called deinstitutionalization of psychiatric hospitals and expansion of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS).
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Smark, Ciorstan. "Pound foolish accounting's role in deinstitutionalisation /." Access electronically, 2002. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060404.123052/index.html.
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Marinho, Débora Margarete. "Acompanhamento terapêutico: caminhos clínicos, políticos e sociais para a consolidação da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-14082009-092412/.
Abstract:
O Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT) é um dispositivo que tem caráter transetorial em seu fazer porque pode atravessar ou compor com os espaços interdisciplinares e intersetoriais, como o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, uma infinidade de projetos construídos coletivamente para ampliar os sentidos da vida de um sujeito. A partir dessa premissa, esta pesquisa define como objeto de estudo o AT como dispositivo de intervenção na vida de uma usuária de um serviço público de saúde mental e as interferências operadas por este dispositivo na sua vida em relação com o corpo social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que utiliza o Estudo de Caso como procedimento metodológico para apreensão e compreensão dos dados empíricos. Para isso, o estudo se propõe a enfrentar as questões: o AT produz transformação real na vida dos sujeitos? Que tipo de transformações opera no interno do campo transferencial, no serviço e na rede de cuidados? Sustenta-se por si só ou depende da rede ampliada pelos serviços territoriais? A origem do AT se dá em instituições privadas e só timidamente é transposta para os serviços da rede pública de atenção à saúde. Essa transposição não se dá de forma instituída e sua oficialização como dispositivo em saúde mental sofre percalços, como constatado com o desaparecimento do termo acompanhamento terapêutico e do financiamento do procedimento na legislação vigente e que constava na Portaria SNAS n.° 189 de 19 de novembro de 1991. Essa anulação do AT das políticas públicas é defendida, nesta pesquisa, como uma contradição em relação às diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e da própria Reforma Psiquiátrica, que orientam ações territoriais, intersetoriais, articulação de rede de serviços e articulação de recursos do território para a atenção em saúde mental. O resultado é a inacessibilidade do dispositivo AT aos que dele se beneficiariam, como foi comprovado no caso em análise. O cenário do estudo destaca-se por acionar este dispositivo e construir em conjunto com as acompanhantes terapêuticas envolvidas uma trajetória de enriquecimento e acesso a novas territorialidades para a K. Entretanto, o estudo questiona porquê os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde mental não assumem para si a função potencializadora do AT e sua conseqüente legitimação na esfera pública e coletiva, o palco de ações e conexões de redes, propiciadoras de produção de vida. Este estudo sustenta que o AT é, no campo da saúde mental, um dispositivo que vem se sofisticando no decorrer de seu processo histórico com o questionamento de sua função estritamente clínica e se propõe a enfrentar os desafios para a retomada do diálogo e conexão do seu fazer com as políticas públicasTherapeutic Accompaniment (TA) is a device of a cross sector nature because it can interact with interdisciplinary and intersected areas, like the Social and Psychic Help Center (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial), \'crossing or being a component of an infinity of collectively built projects that can broaden the meaning of life of a subject. Starting from that premise, this research defines TA as the study object that acts as a device of intervention in the life of a woman who uses mental health public services and the interferences resulted from this device in her life related to her social interactions. It is a qualitative research that uses the Case Study as a methodological procedure for collection and comprehension of empirical data. Therefore, this study proposes to face the following questions: Does TA produces real changes in the lives of its subjects? What types of changes are produced in the internal transferential field, services offered and the care network? Is it self-sustainable or does it depend on an amplified network by territorial services? TA origins takes place in private institutions and only very timidly is used by public health services. The use in public services doesn\'t take place in an established form and its officialization in health care is not easy. It was found that the term therapeutic accompaniment and its financing procedures disappeared from the current legislation. It used to be part of the SNAS Bill number 189 of November 19th of 1991 (Portaria SNAS n°189 de 19 de novembro de 1991). This TA annulment of public policies is viewed on this research as not only a contradiction of the Brazilian Heath Care Program (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) but also of the Psychiatric Reform, that suggests territorial actions, cross sectoring, articulation of networking services and articulation of territorial resources for mental health management. The result is the inaccessibility of the TA device to the ones that could benefit from it as it was proved on the case study analyzed. The study scenario differentiates itself because it triggers this device and builds, with the therapeutic companion, an enriching path and offers accessibility to new territories to the K. However, this paper questions why workers of public mental health system do not take the transforming responsibility of TA and its consequent legitimization in public and collective sphere, the stage of actions and connections of network, which are auspicious for a more broaden meaning of life. This paper sustains that TA is, in the field of public mental health, a device that is becoming more sophisticated through its historical process with the questioning of its strictly clinical mission and its willingness to face the challenges to restart dialogue and to establish a connection with public policies
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Pommer, Carolina Demaman. "Travessias nômades em um Porto Alegre : navegações entre as margens do teatro e da saúde mental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140938.
Abstract:
Esta dissertação constitui-se em uma produção de narrativas de viagem pelas ruas, trilhos e águas da Saúde Mental Coletiva a partir das experiências da narradora, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Valendo-se de sua trajetória singular de formação em Saúde Mental, a artista propõe um olhar curioso sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica e a inserção do fazer teatral neste campo, a fim de constituir formas de inclusão da loucura na cidade e contribuir com processos de desinstitucionalização. Para fundamentar este percurso, utiliza os conceitos de Zona Autônoma Temporária, Nomadismo Psíquico e Biopolítica, bem como, apresenta ao campo da Saúde Coletiva um pouco da teoria teatral a fim de produzir intercessões entre arte, ciência e filosofia. A partir de sua participação no grupo de teatro Nau da Liberdade, que é composto por usuários, trabalhadores e estudantes da Saúde Mental, a narradora analisa a cena teatral contemporânea e propõe uma maneira de pensar a desinstitucinalização através da inserção cultural e da noção pertencimento a um bando.This work consists in a production of travel stories through the streets, trails and waters of Collective Mental Health, from the teller’s experiences, in the city of Porto Alegre. Drawing on her unique career training in Mental Health, the artist proposes a curious look on the Psychiatric Reform and the insertion of theater acting in this field, in order to constitute forms of inclusion of madness in the city and to contribute to processes of deinstitutionalization. To support this route, she uses the concepts of Temporary Autonomous Zone, Psychic Nomadism and Biopolitics, and presents some of theater theory to the field of Public Health, aiming to create intersections between art, science and philosophy. From her participation in the theater group Ship of Freedom, which is composed of members, employees and students of Mental Health, the narrator examines the contemporary theater scene and proposes a way of thinking deinstitutionalization through the ideas of cultural inclusion and belonging to a band.
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AraÃjo, SicÃlia Maria Moreira de. "Sentidos de arte como prÃtica de cuidado na perspectiva de pessoas com transtorno mental." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9523.
Abstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA arte tem sido utilizada como estratÃgia e recurso de promoÃÃo à saÃde que vai ao encontro das prÃticas desinstitucionalizadas. Por outro lado, verifica-se que a utilizaÃÃo deste recurso, algumas vezes, desmerece as pessoas com transtorno mental. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender os sentidos de arte no cuidado em saÃde mental, atribuÃdos por pessoas com transtornos mentais acompanhadas pelo Movimento de SaÃde Mental ComunitÃria do Bom Jardim (MSMCBJ), em Fortaleza, CearÃ, que desenvolve atividades na Ãrea de saÃde mental e tem uma cogestÃo com a Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza para administraÃÃo do Centro de AtenÃÃo Psicossocial (CAPS) no acompanhamento dos participantes da pesquisa. Tal experiÃncia suscita questionamentos que norteiam esta investigaÃÃo pois este Movimento foge de prÃticas tradicionais pinelianas, ainda fortemente veiculadas ao tratamento em saÃde que utilizam eminentemente a medicaÃÃo como tratamento. Neste contexto, a arte surge como instrumento e via de promoÃÃo em saÃde como, dentre outros tipos de recursos. Para compreender como esta estratÃgia tem reverberado na saÃde dos usuÃrios a partir de seus prÃprios pontos de vista, foi utilizado como suporte teÃrico Rotelli, Merhy, Amarante, Duarte Junior, Dimenstein e Boff no que diz respeito à temÃtica da saÃde e prÃticas de cuidado. Em relaÃÃo à arte, esta pesquisa teve como base teÃrica as ideias de Paz, Ostrower e Vygotsky. Na perspectiva histÃrico-cultural, Vygotsky, Pino, Lane, Molon, Aguiar e Namura foram abordados. Metodologicamente, foram utilizadas a pesquisa qualitativa e a abordagem histÃrico-cultural, em um estudo de caso do Movimento de SaÃde Mental ComunitÃria do Bom Jardim (MSMCBJ). No decorrer da pesquisa foram criados dois grupos focais com usuÃrios dos serviÃos de saÃde do MSMCBJ. O primeiro ocorreu em agosto e o segundo em outubro de 2009. O primeiro grupo foi constituÃdo por nove pessoas e teve como temÃtica o cuidado em saÃde mental; e o segundo, com seis pessoas, utilizou a temÃtica da arte como cuidado. Em ambos os momentos uma das pessoas era acompanhante de um dos participantes da pesquisa. A anÃlise de conteÃdo foi utilizada como mÃtodo examinatÃrio dos dados deste estudo. Os resultados apontaram para uma perspectiva dos usuÃrios de valorizaÃÃo de uma prÃtica de cuidado cuja forma de acolhimento pedia determinadas especificidades para a construÃÃo das relaÃÃes entre profissionais e pacientes as quais foram relatadas como: exercÃcio de liberdade de expressÃo, prÃtica de autonomia, exercÃcio de valorizaÃÃo de si mesmo e interaÃÃo com outros sujeitos, com o consequente desenvolvimento dos participantes como sujeitos sociais. A utilizaÃÃo da arte no cuidado em saÃde mental mostrou fundamental importÃncia na significaÃÃo deste cuidado em saÃde mental. As caracterÃsticas do contexto de trabalho com arte aparecem como facilitadoras de relaÃÃes saudÃveis entre os usuÃrios e profissionais.
The art has been adopted as strategy and resource to health promotion that meets the practice of deinstitutionalization. On the other hand, it appears that the use of such resource sometimes disparage people with mental disorders. This study has as overall objective understand the meaning of art in mental health care given by people with mental disorder, accompanied by the Bom Jardimâs Communitarian Mental Health Care Movement (MSMCBJ) in Fortaleza, Ceara, acting jointly with the Municipality of Fortaleza through the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) in the monitoring of this studyâs participants. Such experience raises questions that guide this research because this Movement aims beyond the traditional pinelians practices still strongly conveyed to health treatment which uses essentially the medication as treatment. In this matter, art arises as a tool and way of health promoting, among other features. To understand how this strategy has reverberated in the health of users of health services from their own points of view, it was used as theoretical support Rotelli, Merhy, Amarante, Duarte Junior, Dimenstein and Boff with regard to the issue of health care practices. In relation to art, this survey was based on the theoretical support ideas from Paz, Ostrower and Vygotsky. In the historical-cultural perspective, Vygotsky, Pino, Lane, Molon, Aguiar and Namura were addressed. Methodologically, it was utilized qualitative research and cultural-historical approach in a case study of the Bom Jardimâs Communitarian Health Care Movement (MSMCBJ). The frame time of the survey was developed two focal groups. The first occurred in August 2009 and the second in October 2009. The two focal groups were conducted with the participation of users of the health service of MSMCB. The first focal group was conducted with nine people. This groupâs theme was mental health care; and the second group, with six people, used the theme of art as care. In both moments only one of them was accompanying a researchâs participant. Content analysis was used as a method of data analysis in this study. The results pointed to a userâs perspective of valuation of a care practice that asked certain specific key to building relationships between professionals and patients which were reported as the exercise of freedom of expression, practice autonomy, exercise of valuing oneself and interacting with other individuals, with the consequent development of the participants as social subjects. The use of art in mental health care showed the significance of this fundamental part of mental health care. The characteristics of the context of working with art appeared as facilitators of healthy relationships between users and professionals.
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Pinho, Paula Hayasi. "Os desafios na atenção aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas e a reabilitação psicossocial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-22062009-123744/.
Abstract:
Este estudo objetivou analisar a concepção dos profissionais de saúde do Centro de Referência para Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Drogas (CRATOD) acerca da estratégia da Reabilitação Psicossocial, bem como a inserção desta nas intervenções práticas focalizadas nos usuários de álcool e outras drogas. A amostra constituiu-se de 11 sujeitos, para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa hermenêutica dialética norteada pelos pressupostos teóricos da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. A análise dos dados possibilitou a construção de duas categorias empíricas: Reabilitação Psicossocial e Projeto Institucional. Os resultados apontam que a Reabilitação Psicossocial desenvolvida no serviço encontra-se alinhada à reabilitação psiquiátrica tradicional e aos modelos adaptativos, isto é, atrelada à lógica da normalidade social, sendo esse o principal desafio a ser superado quando se considera o modelo psicossocial de atenção à pessoa com transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido ao uso de álcool e outras drogas, contrapondo-se a esse modelo, a abstinência aparece como a meta a ser atingida no tratamento, o que demonstra uma contradição com a atual Política Nacional sobre Drogas, que pauta-se nos princípios do campo psicossocial da atenção e, portanto, na lógica da Redução de Danos. A Reabilitação Psicossocial destes usuários necessita da construção de um referencial teórico próprio, pois trata-se de um processo complexo, que envolve várias instâncias, tais como: indivíduo família, instituição, comunidade, sociedade e políticas de saúde mentalThis study has as objective to analyze the conception held by health professionals of the Reference Center for Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (CRATOD) about the strategy of the Psychosocial Rehabilitation, as well as the insertion of this strategy in practical interventions focused on alcohol and other drugs users. The sample was composed of 11 subjects, for the data analysis the qualitative research with hermeneutic-dialectical approach was used guided by the theoretical presuppositions of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The data analysis made possible the construction of two empirical categories: Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Institutional Project. The results pointed out that the Psychosocial Rehabilitation developed in the service is found aligned to Traditional Psychiatric Rehabilitation and to adaptive models, that is, it is attached to the logic of social normality, which is the main challenge to be overcome when we consider the psychosocial model of attention to people with mental and behavioral disturbances due to the use of alcohol and other drugs, opposing itself to this model, the abstinence is shown as the main goal to be achieved during the treatment, what shows a contradiction with the current National Drug Policy, which is guided by the principles of the psychosocial attention field and, consequently, by the logic of the Harm Reduction. The Psychosocial Rehabilitation of these users needs the construction of its own theoretical referential, because it is a question of a complex process, that involves several instances, as well as: individual, family, institution, community, society and mental health policy
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Araujo, Luiz Henrique de. "O saber e a prática das cuidadoras no contexto da residência terapêutica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-08052015-172157/.
Abstract:
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o saber e a prática das cuidadoras no contexto da residência terapêutica. Apoiou-se no referencial teórico da psicanálise. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo exploratória com abordagem metodológica qualitativa, realizada em um Serviço Residencial Terapêutico, situado no interior paulista. Participaram do estudo doze cuidadoras que atuavam em cinco residências terapêuticas. Após a aprovação do estudo por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com seres humanos, os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturada audiogravadas, complementadas pelo diário de campo, de abril a setembro de 2013. Os dados foram analisados, seguindo-se os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo temática. Da análise realizada, a partir dos textos produzidos, emergiram três categorias: Governança da Residência Terapêutica; A maternagem; O saber/fazer das cuidadoras. A primeira categoria, Governança da Residência revelou os diversos tipos de atividades realizadas pelas cuidadoras nas Residências, desde as atividades domésticas, de acompanhamento e encaminhamento dos moradores nas questões de saúde, e também nas atividades de lazer (festas, passeios e viagens); e como essas atividades repercutem na relação cuidador-morador. A categoria A maternagem revelou os sentimentos das cuidadoras mobilizados e atualizados pela relação transferencial com os moradores: amor, carinho, dó, raiva, saudade, medo. E como esse vínculo forte e positivo funciona como um norteador do processo de cuidado. A terceira categoria O saber/fazer das cuidadoras diz sobre a formação das cuidadoras, que operam inicialmente em sua prática a partir de um saber leigo, que permite um olhar para os moradores para além da doença e do diagnóstico, não técnico. Sendo assim, as cuidadoras se formam a partir de sua experiência de trabalho e de sua participação nas reuniões de equipe e de supervisão oferecidas pelo Serviço, onde se analisa e se compartilha as estratégias de cuidado encontradas, o não saber, as angústias, os acertos, os fracassos, entre outrosThe present study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of caregivers in the context of therapeutic residence. It was relied on the theoretical framework of psychoanalysis. This is an exploratory descriptive study with qualitative methodological approach, performed in a Therapeutic Residential Service, located in São Paulo state. The Study participants were twelve caregivers who worked in five therapeutic homes. After the study was approved by the Committee on Research Ethics on Human beings, the data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured audio recorded interview, supplemented by field diary, from April to September 2013. The data were analyzed, following the assumptions of thematic content analysis. From the analysis, coming out of the produced texts, three categories emerged: Therapeutic Residence Governance; The mothering; the caregiver\'s know-how. The first category, Residence Governance revealed various types of activities undertaken by caretakers in residences, from domestic activities, monitoring and referral of residents on health issues, and also in leisure activities (parties, outings and trips); and how these activities have an impact on caregiver-resident relationship. Category A mothering revealed the feelings of mobilized caregivers and updated by the transference relationship with the locals: love, affection, pity, anger, longing, fear. And how this strong and positive relationship functions as a guide in the care process. The third category the caregiver\'s know-how says about the training of caregivers, who initially operate in their practice from a lay knowledge, which allows a look to the residents beyond the disease and diagnosis, not technical. Thus, the caregivers are formed from their work experience and their participation in team meetings and supervision offered by the Service, where the care strategies found, the not knowing, the anguish, the successes , failures, among others, are analyzed and shared.
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Lima, Leandra Assis Borges. "RESIDÊNCIAS TERAPÊUTICAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE JATAÍ: com a palavra, os cuidadores em saúde." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1870.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-12In Brazil the campaign for deinstitutionalization of severe mentally ill patients and their reintegration to the community began with Psychiatric Reform and Health Reform in the 1970s and intensified in the 1980s. But it was only in 1988 with the creation of the Single Health System (SUS) which has as guiding principles to universality, comprehensiveness, and fairness, that creates lwas and programs for all areas of public health. Subsequently the SUS creates, organizes and regulates programs of deinstitutionalization, as: De volta para casa (Back at home), Programa de Reestruturação dos Hospitais Psiquiátricos (Restructuring Program of Psychiatric Hospitals) and Serviço Residencial Terapêutico (Therapeutic Residential Service (SRT)). The present work focuses on one of these services created by the SUS, the Home-based Therapeutic Service (SRT); by comprehending that this is an essential device in consolidating the process of deinstitutionalization of the treatment of people with mental disorders. The creation of this device was done with the objective of replacing the leitos moradias (ward beds) (long-term care facilities) in psychiatric hospitals and subsequently begin to accommodate users of Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) that in some way were unable to live with their families. Also specifically within the SRTs, the study focused on the caregivers, on the understanding that these professionals are present in the various day-to-day situations in the home, and deal directly with people who have been in the context of exclusion and chronification of asylums. Therefore, their work is essential to the process of deinstitutionalization. The present study aimed to get to know the Psychiatric Reform and the process of deinstitutionalization in the Municipality of Jataí while investigating the RT device. For both, we attempted to get to know the caregivers of the Therapeutic Residential Services and their work. It was researched the three SRTs that created in 2006, in the municipality of Jataí. It is a study of a case, of descriptive character, and exploratory. Participate in the study, the caregivers of three Therapeutic Residences of the municipality, in additional to the psychologist responsible for the team. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation have been used, the data were submitted to Phenomenological Interpretative Analysis (AFI). From the analysis and interpretation of the transcribed interviews was built a theme class of Living in homes experience . In it were grouped three strands of discussion that are interlinked and intertwined, being them: work experiences, experiences with the locals and the experiences with the support network. The main final considerations relate to the need of instrumentalization, empowerment, listening, and creating of spaces for supervision to support the work of caregivers.
No Brasil, a luta pela desinstitucionalização de doentes mentais graves e sua reintegração à comunidade iniciou-se com a Reforma Psiquiátrica e a Reforma Sanitária, na década de 1970, e intensificou-se na década de 1980. Mas foi só em 1988, com criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), que tem como princípios norteadores a universalidade, a integralidade e a equidade, que se criou a legislação e programas para todas as esferas da saúde pública. Posteriormente, o SUS criou, organizou e regulamentou programas de desinstitucionalização, como: De Volta para Casa; Programa de Reestruturação dos Hospitais Psiquiátricos e o Serviço Residencial Terapêutico (SRT). O presente trabalho incidiu sobre um destes serviços criados pelo SUS, o Serviço Residencial Terapêutico (SRT), por compreender que este é um dispositivo essencial na consolidação do processo da desinstitucionalização do tratamento de pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais. A fundação deste dispositivo se deu com o objetivo de substituir os leitos moradias (de longa permanência) nos hospitais psiquiátricos e, posteriormente, passou a acolher usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossociais (CAPS) que, de alguma forma, estavam sem possibilidades de morar com suas famílias. E especificamente dentro dos SRTs, o estudo focalizou os cuidadores, por entender que estes profissionais estão presentes nas diversas situações do dia a dia na casa e lidam diretamente com pessoas que estiveram muito tempo no âmbito da exclusão e da cronificação manicomial. Portanto, seu trabalho é fundamental no processo de desinstitucionalização. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, ao abordar o dispositivo RT, conhecer o impacto da Reforma Psiquiátrica e do processo de desinstitucionalização no município de Jataí. Para tanto, buscou-se conhecer os cuidadores das Residências Terapêuticas e o seu trabalho. Pesquisou-se os três SRTs que foram criados em 2006, no município de Jataí. Foi feito um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo e exploratório. Participaram do estudo os cuidadores das três Residências Terapêuticas do município, além da psicóloga responsável pela equipe. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante; os dados foram submetidos à Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa (AFI). A partir da análise e interpretação das entrevistas transcritas, foi construída uma classe temática de Vivências nas Residências . Nela, foram agrupados três eixos de discussão que se interligam e se entrelaçam, sendo eles: as vivências com o trabalho; as vivências com os moradores e as vivências com a rede de apoio. As principais considerações finais abordaram a necessidade de instrumentalização, capacitação, escuta e criação de espaços de supervisão que permitam dar suporte ao trabalho dos cuidadores.
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Freeland, Braun Margaret Joy. "Intimate Partner Violence During the Transition from Prison to the Community: An Ecological Analysis." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/511.
Abstract:
While extensive research has been conducted on the causes of intimate partner violence in the community, very little is known about rates and predictors of domestic violence perpetrated by offenders who have recently been incarcerated. Some evidence suggests that formerly incarcerated individuals may be at an increased risk to perpetrate intimate partner violence during the transition from prison to the community (e.g., Hairston & Oliver 2006; Hilton, Harris, Popham, & Lang, 2010; Oliver & Hairston, 2008). The primary goal of this dissertation was to examine the extent to which former inmates engage in domestic violence during the transition from prison to the community. A second goal of this dissertation was to determine the independent and interactive effects of selected individual, situational, and social-structural factors on post-prison domestic violence. The current dissertation project involved a retrospective study of data collected from n = 1,137 formerly-incarcerated male offenders who were released from state prison between 2004 and 2009. Data regarding individual-level factors of borderline and antisocial personality characteristics and exposure to family-of-origin violence were extracted from institutional records. Additional individual-level demographic characteristics including offenders' age, ethnicity, education need, marital status, number of children, crime of conviction, length of incarceration, and participation in correctional rehabilitation programs extracted from institutional records were also considered. The situational-level factor of offenders' employment after prison release was also collected from institutional records; and the social-structural factor of neighborhood disadvantage was collected from information available in offenders' community supervision records and Census tract-level data. The outcome measure of post-prison domestic violence was gathered from local law enforcement records. Data were entered into statistical models to predict post-prison domestic violence. Main effects on post-prison domestic violence were examined for each of the individual-level demographic characteristics, borderline and antisocial personality features, exposure to family-of-origin violence, employment, and neighborhood disadvantage. Interactive effects on post-prison domestic violence were examined between borderline and antisocial personality characteristics, exposure to family-of-origin violence, employment, and neighborhood disadvantage. Significant predicted main effects on post-prison domestic violence included age, ethnicity, education need, number of children, violent criminal history, attendance of substance abuse treatment in prison, witnessing interparental violence as a child, and neighborhood disadvantage. Significant predicted interaction effects on post-prison domestic violence included the interaction between physical abuse as a child and neighborhood disadvantage. Implications for policies regarding post-prison supervision sentencing, housing, and the advancement of programming to prevent intimate partner violence during the transition from prison to the community are discussed. Contributions to the literature on intimate partner violence, environmental transition theory, and ecological theoretical frameworks are also addressed.
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Baldini, Myung Hwa. "Perceptions from foster care practitioners on the best interest of children and teenagers within the Brazilian strategy for reforming out-of-home care." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179783.
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Within the Brazilian strategy to reform out-of-home care services, efforts have been directed to the prioritization of foster care over congregate care. This study draws from the perspective that childhood is socially construed, therefore child protection systems are dependent of notions and ideals of childhood, especially concerning the child deprived of parental care. Interviews with ten professionals involved in the implementation and execution of foster care services in different cities were conducted for this study. Thematic analysis of interviews was triangulated with the contents of National Guidelines for out-of-home care services and legal provisions with the aim of investigating how ideas on children deprived of parental care and their best interests are translated into practice. Three research questions guided the study: (1) how participants perceive the out-of-home care reform and the provisions of rights in different care modalities, especially regarding how children placed in different types of out-of-home care are perceived, (2) how participants view children’s best interests and which practices are believed to secure them and (3) how practitioners’ views relate to the contents of the National Guidelines. Five themes emerged in the analysis: a scientific and legal defense of (1) foster care as the most up to date form of out-of-home care, the prioritization of (2) children’s needs for individualized parental care, that (3) practitioners’ strong discretion is conditioned by foster families’ choices, that (4) institutionalization and group are detrimental to children, and the invocation that (5) children must be onboard. The study concludes that a clearer conceptualization of the rights and bests interests of children deprived of parental is required to better inform the reform of child protection and its practices, where consideration to children’s participation could be extended over acceptance to decisions.
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Paulino, Tayssa Suelen Cordeiro. "Conquistas e desafios do processo de trabalho de enfermagem: o caso dos CAPS em Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14809.
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-12The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform proposes creating linkages / interactions of the mentally ill with civil society , through promoting citizenship and assistance to the mentally ill. The deinstitutionalization of mental health advocates from the guidelines decreased supply of hospital beds and consequently the creation of substitute services for psychosocial care, especially with regard to therapeutic practices emancipatory. From this scenario, the present study aims to investigate the relevance and challenges of the process of nursing work in CAPS III in Natal / RN. It is descriptive research with a qualitative and exploratory. The subjects are employees of the nursing team in CAPS III East of Natal / RN. This service has actions for the psychosocial care of the subjects treated with daily multidisciplinary care by behaving the length of treatment and follow-up activities, industrial and cultural activities. Employ the semi-structured interview as a tool for data collection. The data analysis was done by means of thematic analysis proposed by Bardin. Thus, this sought to bring to the discussion of how this process is consolidated in the daily service. Thus, purposed to contribute to the debate on deinstitutionalization in psychosocial care as a guideline in the process of mental health nursing work in a CAPSIII, Natal / RN
A Reforma Psiqui?trica brasileira prop?e a cria??o de v?nculos/intera??es do doente mental com a sociedade civil, por meio do resgate da cidadania e da assist?ncia ao doente mental. A desinstitucionaliza??o em sa?de mental preconiza a partir de diretrizes a diminui??o da oferta de leitos hospitalares e consequentemente, a cria??o de servi?os substitutivos de aten??o psicossocial, principalmente, no que tange ?s pr?ticas terap?uticas emancipadoras. A partir desse cen?rio o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a atualidade e os desafios do processo de trabalho da enfermagem nos CAPS III no munic?pio de Natal/RN. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e de car?ter explorat?rio do tipo estudo de caso. Os sujeitos s?o trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem do CAPS III Leste de Natal/RN. Este servi?o possui a??es voltadas para a aten??o psicossocial dos sujeitos atendidos, com atendimento di?rio pela assist?ncia multiprofissional, comportando a extens?o de atividades de tratamento e acompanhamento, atividades laborais e culturais. Emprega-se a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. A an?lise de dados se fez por meio da An?lise Tem?tica proposta por Bardin. Assim, o presente buscou trazer ? discuss?o de como esse processo se consolida no cotidiano do servi?o. Desta forma, intencionou-se contribuir para o debate sobre a desinstitucionaliza??o na aten??o psicossocial como diretriz da sa?de mental no processo de trabalho de enfermagem em um CAPSIII, Natal/RN
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Lemke, Ruben Artur. "A itinerância e suas implicações na construção de um ethos do cuidado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17224.
Abstract:
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar a itinerância como um modo de operacionalizar o cuidado no território. Com a emergência do Sistema Único de Saúde a noção de território se tornou um princípio organizador dos processos de trabalho nas políticas de Atenção Básica e Saúde Mental. No campo delicado de articulação entre estas políticas, as práticas itinerantes passaram a ter uma importância estratégica na desinstitucionalização das práticas e na construção da integralidade do cuidado. Tomamos a desinstitucionalização e a integralidade como os operadores conceituais que marcam a diferença que as reformas Psiquiátrica e Sanitária pretendem imprimir nas práticas de cuidado. Advertimos que ao ingressar numa postura de busca ativa no território de vida dos usuários, as práticas itinerantes se inserem num campo de tensões, no qual podem tanto ser convocadas a funcionar como uma peça do aparelho de Estado no controle da população, como se situar num lugar estratégico para a construção de um cuidado contextualizado aos modos de vida dos usuários. Defendemos que é possível resistir ao mandato social de controle e construir uma ética do cuidado com a itinerância ao explorar a potência política do movimento e transformar o território dos usuários num laboratório de invenção de vida.This work aims to problematize the itinerancy as a way to operationalize the care in the territory. The emergence of the Sistema Único de Saúde the notion of territory has become an organizing principle of work processes in the policies of primary health care and mental health. In the delicate field of coordination between these policies, itinerant practices now have a strategic importance in the deinstitutionalization of practices and the construction of the integrality of care. We take the deinstitutionalization and integrality as conceptual operators that make the difference that Psychiatric and Health reforms want to print in the care practices. Warned that by joining in a posture of active search in the life territory of users, the itinerant practices fall in a field of tensions, which can both be called to work as a part of the State apparatus to population control, as in a strategic place for the construction of a carefully contextualized to life ways of users. We believe that is possible to resist the social control mandate and build an ethic of care with itinerancy to explore the political power of the movement and transform the territory of the users in a laboratory for life invention.
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Newell, Summer Brooke. "Reconciling the Opportunities and Obstacles of Motherhood Following Corrections Involvement." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4411.
Abstract:
This mixed methods dissertation is comprised of three papers that consider interrelated ways in which social bonds, within the context of parenting, are experienced by women recently involved with the corrections system. Types of social bonds considered include agency professionals, romantic partners, and children--all previously theorized to play a role during the reentry period. These social bonds are considered within the context of the challenges experienced during this period, and how and why these social bonds may--or may not--support women as they transition back into the community.