Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dehua'

Traduite telle quelle en chinois moderne, Zhongguo bai 中國白, l'expression « blanc de Chine » sert aujourd'hui à désigner la porcelaine blanche provenant des fours de Dehua, dans la province côtière du Fujian, où elle est fabriquée depuis la dynastie des Ming (1368-1644). Malgré sa présence marquée dans les collections françaises, la recherche spécifique sur cette porcelaine est très limitée, laissant ouvertes les questions d'identification, de provenance et de datation. Cette thèse vise donc à proposer une nouvelle synthèse sur cette porcelaine, partant de sa réception en Europe, puis de sa diffusion pour remonter jusqu'à sa production. Bien qu'inhabituel ou apparemment inversé dans sa logique, cet itinéraire ouvre progressivement la voie à une série de questionnements, ce qui permet de nous guider progressivement jusqu'au berceau même de cette porcelaine. Toutefois, l'ambition de cette thèse n'est pas d'écrire une histoire complète du blanc de Chine, mais plutôt de croiser les perspectives mondiale et locale afin de replacer cette porcelaine dans son contexte propre. Une question fondamentale, bien que paraissant à première vue simple et déjà largement abordée, imprègne l'ensemble de cette étude : quelles sont les spécificités du blanc de Chine ? Autrement dit, qu'est-ce qui définit véritablement un blanc de Chine ? Deux résultats tangibles de cette enquête seraient, entre autres, de contribuer à la mise en valeur des collections françaises et de faire reconnaître la valeur patrimoniale des fours-dragon, dont les techniques artisanales de construction et de cuisson sont aujourd'hui menacées de disparition
Translated as Zhongguo bai 中國白 in modern Chinese, the term “blanc de Chine” today refers to the white porcelain produced in Dehua kilns, situated in Fujian's coastal province, where production has continued since the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Despite its prominent presence in French collections, research specifically dedicated to this porcelain remains limited, leaving key questions about its identification, origin, and dating unresolved. This dissertation, therefore, seeks to offer a new synthesis on blanc de Chine, beginning with its reception in Europe, then examining its dissemination, and finally tracing it back to its origins in production. Though unconventional or seemingly reversed in approach, this trajectory gradually brings us to essential questions, ultimately guiding us back to the origins of this porcelain. The aim of this dissertation is not, however, to write a complete history of blanc de Chine. Instead, it endeavors to integrate global and local perspectives to place this porcelain within its unique historical context. One fundamental question—simple in appearance yet widely debated—shapes this study: What are the specific characteristics of blanc de Chine? In other words, what precisely defines blanc de Chine? Among the tangible goals of this work are to enhance the appreciation of French collections and to promote the cultural value of dragon kilns, whose artisanal construction and firing techniques face extinction today

This project studied the biodegradation of a plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), by two mammalian cell lines, HepG2 and WIF-B, in vitro . An MTT assay showed that DEHA had a toxic effect on both cell lines. Despite this, both hepatocyte cell lines successfully degraded the plasticizer. Metabolites were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. HepG2 cells showed minimal alcohol dehydrogense activity and this resulted in the accumulation of 2-ethylhexanol. WIF-B cells were able to breakdown the alcohol and produced 2-ethylhexanoic acid. It is important to note that an enzyme was essential for this step in the degradation of the plasticizer, as this proves that it was biodegradation and not physical degradation. By comparing the metabolites formed and the order of their appearance, the degradation pathway in these mammalian cells was found to be similar to the established degradation pathways for bacteria, fungi and yeast.

Orientadores: Denise Bértoli Braga, Simone Miziara Frangella
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem.
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa discute o uso da tecnologia como um recurso para a articulação das vozes de grupos socialmente desfavorecidos. O estudo empírico realizado como parte da presente pesquisa concentra-se em uma produção audiovisual realizada por crianças em situação de rua na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo. Essa experiência de produção de vídeo resultou de uma colaboração entre três diferentes grupos: adolescentes que vivem nas ruas de Campinas, membros da ONG Mano-a-Mano, e um grupo de estudantes universitários do curso de Midialogia da UNICAMP. O corpus de análise abarca o vídeo produzido, notas de campo do processo de produção, bem como o material excluído durante a edição. Uma discussão sobre a produção audiovisual foi realizada em busca de critérios adequados para a análise dos dados. Os resultados do estudo oferecem algumas orientações úteis para compreender as dificuldades e as possibilidades oferecidas pela produção de materiais audiovisuais por grupos periféricos e destaca alguns problemas que devem ser considerados em experiências futuras
Abstract: The present research reflects upon the use of technology as a profitable way to express the voices of disadvantaged groups. The empirical study conducted as part of the present research focusses on a audiovisual production made by children who live in the streets of Campinas, São Paulo. This experience of video production was the result of a collaboration of three different groups: the teenagers who live in the street, members of a NGO (Mano a Mano) and a group of university students engaged in a media-studies undergraduated course. The corpus of the analysis includes audiovisual produced, field notes of the process of production, and also the material excluded during the editing process. In the search for criteria suitable for data analysis a discussion on audiovisual production was also conducted. The results of the study offer some useful guidelines to understand the difficulties faced and the possibilities offered by the production of audiovisual materials by peripheral groups and highlights some problems that must be taken into consideration in future experiences
Mestrado
Linguagem e Tecnologia
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 15 elements in the lanthanide series along with scandium and yttrium. They are often grouped together because of their similar chemical properties. As a result of their increased application in advanced technologies and electronics including electric vehicles, the demand of REEs and other critical elements has increased in recent decades and is expected to significantly grow over the next decade. As the majority of REEs are produced and utilized within the manufacturing industry in China, concerns over future supplies to support national defense technologies and associated manufacturing industries has generated interest in the recovery of REEs from alternate sources such as coal and recycling. A solvent extraction (SX) process and circuit was developed to concentrate REEs from dilute pregnant leach solutions containing low concentrations of REEs and high concentrations of contaminant ions. The separation processes used for concentrating REEs from leachates generated by conventional sources are not directly applicable to the PLS generated from coal-based sources due to their substantially different composition. Parametric effects associated with the SX process were evaluated and optimized using a model test solution produced based on the composition of typical pregnant leach solution (PLS) generated from the leaching of pre-combustion, bituminous coal-based sources. Di-2(ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) was used as the extractant to selectively transfer the REEs in the PLS from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. The tests performed on the model PLS found that reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ prior to introduction to the SX process provided a four-fold improvement in the rejection of iron during the first loading stage in the SX circuit. The performances on the model system confirmed that the SX process was capable of recovering and concentrating the REEs from a dilute PLS source. Subsequently, the process and optimized parametric values were tested on a continuous basis in a pilot-scale facility using PLS generated from coal coarse refuse. The continuous SX system was comprised of a train of 10 conventional mixer settlers having a volume of 10 liters each. A rare earth oxide (REO) concentrate containing 94.5% by weight REO was generated using a two- stage (rougher and cleaner) solvent extraction process followed by oxalic acid precipitation. The laboratory evaluations using the model PLS revealed issues associated with a third phase formation. Tributyl Phosphate (TBP) is commonly used as a phase modifier in the organic phase to improve the phase separation characteristics and prevent the formation of a third phase. The current study found that the addition of TBP affected the equilibrium extraction behavior of REE as well as the contaminant elements., The effect on each metal was found to be different which resulted in a significant impact on the separation efficiency achieved between individual REEs as well as for REEs and the contaminant elements. The effect of TBP was studied using concentrations of 1% and 2% by volume in the organic phase. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis on the mixture of TBP and DEHPA and experimental data quantifying the change in the extraction equilibrium for each element provided insight into their interaction and an explanation for the change in the extraction behavior of each metal. The characteristic peak of P-O-C from 1033 cm-1 in pure DEHPA to 1049 cm-1 in the 5%DEHPA-1%TBP mixture which indicated that the bond P-O got shorter suggesting that the addition of TBP resulted in the breaking of the dimeric structure of the DEHPA and formation of a TBP-DEHPA associated molecule with hydrogen bonding. The experimental work leading to a novel SX circuit to treat dilute PLS sources was primarily focused on the separation of REEs from contaminant elements to produce a high purity rare earth oxide mix product. The next step in the process was the production of individual REE concentrates. To identify the conditions needed to achieve this objective, a thermodynamic model was developed for the prediction of distribution coefficients associated with each lanthanide using a cation exchange extractant. The model utilized the initial conditions of the system to estimate the lanthanide complexation and the non-idealities in both aqueous and organic phases to calculate the distribution coefficients. The non-ideality associated with the ions in the aqueous phase was estimated using the Bromley activity coefficient model, whereas the non-ideality in the organic phase was computed as the ratio of the activity coefficient of the extractant molecule and the metal extractant molecule in the organic phase which was calculated as a function of the dimeric concentration of the free extractant in the organic phase. To validate the model, distribution coefficients were predicted and experimentally determined for a lanthanum chloride solution using DEHPA as the extractant. The correlation coefficient defining the agreement of the model predictions with the experimental data was 0.996, which is validated the accuracy of the model. As such, the developed model can be used to design solvent extraction processes for the separation of individual metals without having to generate a large amount of experimental data for distribution coefficients under different conditions.

An innovative sampling technique employing extractant impregnated membranes is presented for the selective sorption and stabilization of specific oxidation states of chromium. Polymer-based selective ion traps employing the extractants tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat-336) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) were used for the selective removal and enrichment of the anionic forms of Cr(VI) and cationic forms of Cr(III), respectively. Results show Aliquat-336 and DEHPA effectively remove Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from aqueous solutions. Extraction efficiency is independent of source concentration from 1-50 ppm but is dependent upon time, pH of the source, ionic strength, extractant concentration, composition of source phase, and choice of stripping agent and stripping agent concentration. Optimum conditions for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were determined to be 1 v/v% Aliquat-336 and 30 v/v% DEHPA; an extraction time of at least 3-5 days; source phase pH between 3-5; and 1 M NaOH/ 0.5 M HNO3 as stripping agent for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species, respectively. Batch extraction efficiencies of 97 +/- 3 % were obtained for the optimal conditions. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for total chromium determination. UV-VIS spectrometry was used for Cr(VI) determination. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the physical structure of the polymeric supports and subsequent impregnation was evidenced by the SEM images. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic results provided the elemental composition of the Versapor-450 membrane to be 71. 5% C, 7.0% O, 9.5% Cl and 12.0% N. The Whatman PP membrane was and 100.0 % C. Elemental composition of 1 v/v% Aliquat-336 on Versapor-450 and Whatman PP membrane was 92.3% C, 0.8% O, 3.6% N, and 3.3% Cl and 94.3% C, 3.3% N, and 2.4% Cl, respectively. Elemental composition of 30 v/v% DEHPA on Versapor-450 and Whatman PP membranes were 78.8% C, 3.4% P, 17.8% O and 76.3% C, 19.3% O, 4.4% P, respectively. Column studies under simulated groundwater conditions utilizing the extractant impregnated membranes showed no statistical difference in Cr(VI) recoveries from those obtained in batch experiments. Cr(III) extraction revealed a statistical difference in analyte recovery vs. batch experiments. This is attributed to the lowered pH and cationic interferences present in simulated groundwater.
Ph. D.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde
O adipato de di-(2-etil-hexila) DEHA tem substituído os ftalatos como plastificante em filmes de policloreto de vinila (PVC) usados para embalagem de alimentos, principalmente porque alguns ftalatos induzem toxicidade testicular e efeitos antiandrogênicos. A toxicidade reprodutiva do DEHA foi estudada em camundongos machos Swiss Webster expostos in utero e durante a lactação. Fêmeas grávidas foram tratadas com doses de 0, 200, 400 e 800 mg DEHA/kg p.c./dia, através de entubação gástrica do 6º dia de gravidez ao 21º dia pós-natal. oram avaliados dados de toxicidade materna e de desenvolvimento geral e sexual dos descendentes. Os descendentes machos foram avaliados na puberdade e na idade adulta quanto ao peso de órgãos sexuais, sendo que, para os adultos sexualmente maduros, ainda foram registrados produção espermática diária, número de espermatozóides na cauda do epidídimo, tempo de trânsito espermático, porcentagem de alterações morfológicas nos espermatozóides e níveis plasmáticos de testosterona. Na idade adulta também foi realizado o testede fertilidade em animais de ambos os sexos. No presente estudo, o DEHAinduziu toxicidade peri- e pós-natal a partir da dose de 400 mg de DEHA/kg p.c./dia. Observou-se ainda que o tamanho médio da ninhada diferiu entre os grupos ao desmame mas não ao nascimento sugerindo que a prole foi mais vulnerável aos efeitos do DEHA durante a lactação do que durante a gestação. Em animais sexualmente maduros, previamente expostos in utero e durante lactação, o tratamento com o DEHA, diminuiu o peso absoluto e relativo da vesícula seminal a partir da dose de 400 mg/kg p.c./dia. Também foi associada ao tratamento com o DEHA uma redução na concentração média de espermatozóides na cauda do epidídimo (a partir de 400 mg/kg p.c./dia) e no tempo de trânsito espermático (a partir de 200 mg/kg p.c./dia). Os resultados indicam que, em camundongos, a exposição in utero e durante a lactação ao DEHA pode induzir toxicidade no desenvolvimento e alterações em parâmetros específicos do sistema r produtivo masculino, em níveis de dose, em que não se observa toxicidade materna evidente.O adipato de di-(2-etil-hexila) − DEHA tem substituído os ftalatos como plastificante em filmes de policloreto de vinila (PVC) usados para embalagem de alimentos, principalmente porque alguns ftalatos induzem toxicidade testicular e efeitos antiandrogênicos. A toxicidade reprodutiva do DEHA foi estudada em camundongos machos Swiss Webster expostos in utero e durante a lactação. Fêmeas grávidas foram tratadas com doses de 0, 200, 400 e 800 mg DEHA/kg p.c./dia, através de entubação gástrica do 6º dia de gravidez ao 21º dia pós-natal. oram avaliados dados de toxicidade materna e de desenvolvimento geral e sexual dos descendentes. Os descendentes machos foram avaliados na puberdade e na idade adulta quanto ao peso de órgãos sexuais, sendo que, para os adultos sexualmente maduros, ainda foram registrados produção espermática diária, número de espermatozóides na cauda do epidídimo, tempo de trânsito espermático, porcentagem de alterações morfológicas nos espermatozóides e níveis plasmáticos de testosterona. Na idade adulta também foi realizado o testede fertilidade em animais de ambos os sexos. No presente estudo, o DEHAinduziu toxicidade peri- e pós-natal a partir da dose de 400 mg de DEHA/kg p.c./dia. Observou-se ainda que o tamanho médio da ninhada diferiu entre os grupos ao desmame mas não ao nascimento sugerindo que a prole foi mais vulnerável aos efeitos do DEHA durante a lactação do que durante a gestação. Em animais sexualmente maduros, previamente expostos in utero e durante lactação, o tratamento com o DEHA, diminuiu o peso absoluto e relativo da vesícula seminal a partir da dose de 400 mg/kg p.c./dia. Também foi associada ao tratamento com o DEHA uma redução na concentração média de espermatozóides na cauda do epidídimo (a partir de 400 mg/kg p.c./dia) e no tempo de trânsito espermático (a partir de 200 mg/kg p.c./dia). Os resultados indicam que, em camundongos, a exposição in utero e durante a lactação ao DEHA pode induzir toxicidade no desenvolvimento e alterações em parâmetros específicos do sistema r produtivo masculino, em níveis de dose, em que não se observa toxicidade materna evidente
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) has replaced the phthalates in thin plasticized (PVC) polyvinyl chloride films used for food packaging, mainly because some phthalates induce testis toxicity and antiandrogenic effects. The reproductive toxicity of the DEHA was studied in Swiss Webster male mice exposed in uterus and during the lactation period. The pregnant dams were treated by oral gavage with doses of 0, 200, 400 e 800 mg DEHA/kg b. wt./day from the day 6th of pregnancy to the 21st postnatal. Maternal and reproductive general outcome data and sexual development landmarks were assessed. At puberty and adulthood, male offspring had the sexual organs weights evaluated. Furthermore, sexually mature male mice (adulthood) were assessed to daily sperm production, sperm counts (epididymis’s tail), sperm transit time, sperm morphology and testosterone levels. At adulthood the fertility was also assessed in animals of both sexes. In the present study, DEHA induced peri- and postnatal toxicity at doses up to 400 mg of DEHA/kg b. wt./day. It was still observed that the medium size of the litter differed between the groups to the wean, but not to the birth, suggesting that the offspring was more vulnerable to the effects of DEHA during the lactation period than during the pregnancy. In sexually mature animals, the treatment with DEHA reduced the absolute and relative weights of the seminal vesicle (up to the 400 mg/kg b. wt./day). A reduction of the concentration of spermatozoa in the epididymis’s tail (up to 400 mg/kg b. wt./day) and of the sperm transit time (up to 200 mg/kg b. wt./day) was also associated to DEHA exposure. The results indicate that in utero and lactational exposure to DEHA can induce toxicity in the development and alterations in specific parameters of the masculine reproductive system of mice, at dose levels, at which evident maternal toxicity is not observed

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been detected in drinking water. Although various water treatment processes can remove EDCs, chemicals can migrate from pipes that transport water and contaminate drinking water. Globally bottled water consumption is steadily rising as an alternative to tap water, but EDCs have also been detected in bottled water. Sources of EDCs in bottled water include contamination of the water source, contamination through the production process or the migration of EDCs from the packaging material. There is limited information on EDCs in drinking water and bottled water from South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the estrogenic activity, levels of selected EDCs and the potential health risks associated with the consumption of water from selected distribution points in Pretoria (City of Tshwane) and Cape Town as well as bottled water. The study consisted of 3 phases. Phase 1 included the analysis of drinking water samples from ten water distribution points in Pretoria and Cape Town collected over four sampling periods. In phase 2, ten brands of bottled water were analysed after exposure to different storage conditions (20°C, 40°C, light and dark) for 10 days. Samples were extracted using a C18 solid phase extraction method. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay and the T47D-KBluc reporter gene bioassay. The extracts were analysed for di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononylphthalate (DINP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and ethynylestradiol (EE2) using UPLC-MS. Phase 3 consisted of a scenario based health risk assessment to assess the carcinogenic and toxic human health risks associated with the consumption of distribution point and bottled water. All the samples were below the detection limit (dl) in the YES bioassay, but estrogenic activity was detected in bottled and distribution point water using the T47D-KBluc bioassay. All samples were below the 0.7 ng/L trigger value for estrogenic activity in drinking water. NP was below the dl for all the samples, E2 was detected in five distribution point samples and E1, EE2, DEHA, DEHP, DINP, DBP and BPA were detected in distribution point and bottled water samples. The estrogenic activity and levels of target chemicals were comparable to the levels found in other countries. Hazard quotients for BPA, DEHA and DINP were higher in bottled water compared to distribution point water. The greatest non-carcinogenic health risk was posed by E1 in distribution point water from Pretoria and the highest cancer risk by levels of DEHP in distribution point water from Cape Town. However, overall, health risk assessment revealed acceptable health and carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of distribution point and bottled water. Although the potential health risks posed by the EDCs found in the water samples in this study were low, the fact that potential EDCs were found in the water samples are still of concern. A monitoring strategy that also includes water from other municipalities and other brands of bottled water are therefore recommended.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
PhD
Unrestricted

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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Nutrição. Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental
O poli-(cloreto de vinila) (PVC) necessita da adição de plastificantes, que são aditivos que conferem flexibilidade e maleabilidade para a sua transformação em filme flexível. Os mais utilizados são o adipato de di-(2-etil-hexila) (DEHA) e o ftalato de di-(2-etil-hexila) (DEHP). Para verificar a possível exposição do consumidor aos plastificantes DEHA e DEHP, adicionados a filmes de PVC utilizados no acondicionamento de alimentos gordurosos, utilizou-se o inquérito alimentar como ferramenta no estudo seccional, numa amostra populacional de conveniência, para determinar os cinco primeiros alimentos de maior freqüência de consumo, com no mínimo 3% (m/m) de gordura e com possibilidades de acondicionamento por filme de PVC. O resultado indicou os seguintes alimentos: peito de frango (96%); carne bovina magra (95%); pizza de mozarela (91%); coxa de frango (82%) e queijo mozarela (76%). A migração para os alimentos foi calculada pela diferença entre o teor inicial de DEHA e DEHP no filme de PVC e o teor no filme de PVC após o contato com os alimentos. Quando foi avaliada a pior situação, na amostra de queijo mozarela, os resultados de migração indicaram um nível excessivamente elevado quando comparados com o limite de migração específica (LME) de cada plastificante. Os valores encontrados foram, aproximadamente, 37 vezes mais do permitido para o DEHA (18 mg/kg) e 1.779 vezes mais para o DEHP (1,5 mg/kg). O cálculo de extrapolação da migração para 1 kg de alimento foi realizado com amostras alimentares menores, entre 26 a 270 g. Foi realizado um estudo cronológico com uma amostra de queijo-prato, para avaliar como a migração desses plastificantes ocorria durante 10 dias ininterruptos. Nesse estudo foi encontrada uma estabilidade de migração do DEHA para a amostra alimentar, quando comparada desde a primeira avaliação até a final. Esse estudo demonstrou a exposição do consumidor ao ingerir alimento que tenha sido previamente embalado com filme de PVC e utilizado sem um processo de cocção, onde se encontrou para o DEHA 28,83 mg/100g e 70,06 mg/100g para o DEHP. A presente pesquisa mostra a importância de quantificar a migração desses plastificantes nos alimentos, para uma atualização das leis quanto ao uso dos plastificantes utilizados nos filmes de PVC, quando os mesmos tenham a possibilidade de embalar os alimentos, possibilitando viabilizar a segurança dos alimentos, assegurar a saúde humana e, ainda, se os mesmos deveriam ou não continuar a serem utilizados no mercado para embalar alimentos.
The poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) requires the addition of plasticizers that given flexibility and adaptability to flexible films. The most plasticizers are di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) adipate (DEHA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). We used the food survey as a tool in cross-sectional study, a sample of convenience, to determine the top five foods higher frequency of consumption for at least 3% (w/w) fat and check the possible consumer exposure to the plasticizer DEHP and DEHA added to PVC films. The results indicated the following foods: chicken breast (96%), lean beef (95%); mozzarella pizza (91%), chicken thigh (82%) and mozzarella cheese (76%). The migration into food was calculated as the difference between the initial content of DEHP and DEHA in PVC film and PVC content in the film after contact with food. The migration results were too higher if compared with the specific migration limits (SMLs) for each plasticizer. In the worst case or mozzarella cheese sample, they corresponded at 1,779 times the DEHP limit (1.5 mg/kg). In regard to DEHP migration, these corresponded at 37 times about the limit (18 mg/kg). The extrapolation migration for 1 kg of food was carried out with smaller samples, between 26 to 270 g. A chronological study was conducted with a sample of cheese-dish, to evaluate how the migration of plasticizers occurred for 10 continuous days. In this study we found a stable for DEHA migration from the food sample, compared from the first to the final evaluation. This study demonstrated the exposure of consumers to eat food that has been previously packed with PVC film and used without a cooking process, was found for DEHA and DEHP, respectively, 28.83 mg/100g and 70.06 mg/100g. This research shows the importance of quantifying the migration of plasticizers into the food, for an update of the laws regarding the use of plasticizers in PVC films, when they have the ability to pack the food, allowing viable food safety, ensure human health and also whether they should or not continue to be used in food packaging market.