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Krause, Kerstin, Stefan Karger, Oliver Gimm, Sien-Yi Sheu, Henning Dralle, Andrea Tannapfel, Kurt Werner Schmid, Corinne Dupuy, and Dagmar Fuhrer. "Characterisation of DEHAL1 expression in thyroid pathologies." European Journal of Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (March 2007): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-06-0596.
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Iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) is a transmembrane protein involved in the recycling of iodide in the human thyroid. The aim of the present study was (I) to investigate whether DEHAL1 expression is different in differentially functioning thyroid pathologies and (II) to evaluate DEHAL1 as a possible marker of thyroid cell differentiation. Design and methods: Real-time PCR for DEHAL1 and its isoform DEHAL1B was performed in a series of 105 thyroid specimens, including toxic thyroid nodules (TTN), Graves’ disease (GD) thyroids, benign cold thyroid nodules (CTN), normal thyroid tissues and thyroid cancers (follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC), papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), partially differentiated thyroid cancers (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC)). In addition, DEHAL1 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 163 benign and malignant thyroid pathologies and normal thyroids. Results: (I) The highest DEHAL1 mRNA levels were found in GD thyroids, while downregulation of DEHAL1 and DEHAL1B mRNA occurred in PTC and ATC (P<0.001 and <0.05 respectively); (II) DEHAL1 protein was overexpressed in TTNs and GD thyroids with predominant apical staining in all samples; (III) a weaker and patchy staining pattern was found in CTNs and normal thyroids; (IV) in differentiated thyroid cancers (FTC and PTC), a diffuse cytoplasmic DEHAL1 expression was found; and (V) in PDTC and ATC, DEHAL1 expression was faint or absent. Conclusion: Upregulation of DEHAL1 protein expression and sublocalisation of DEHAL1 at the apical cell pole in TTNs and GD thyroids is consistent with increased thyroid hormone turnover during thyrotoxicosis. Diffuse cytoplasmatic localisation or downregulation of DEHAL1 expression in thyroid cancers suggests alteration or loss of DEHAL1 function during thyroid cell dedifferentiation.
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Mathi, Anupama A., Tekchand C. Gaupale, Corinne Dupuy, Nishikant Subhedar, and Shobha Bhargava. "Expression pattern of iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) during chick ontogeny." International Journal of Developmental Biology 54, no. 10 (2010): 1501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.092932am.
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Gnidehou, Sédami, Ludovic Lacroix, Alphonse Sezan, Renée Ohayon, Marie-Sophie Noël-Hudson, Stanislas Morand, Jacques Francon, Françoise Courtin, Alain Virion, and Corinne Dupuy. "Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Isoform of Iodotyrosine Dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) DEHAL1C from Human Thyroid: Comparisons with DEHAL1 and DEHAL1B." Thyroid 16, no. 8 (August 2006): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.16.715.
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Beauchesne, I., S. Barnabé, D. G. Cooper, and J. A. Nicell. "Plasticizers and related toxic degradation products in wastewater sludges." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (February 1, 2008): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.001.
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Plasticizers can persist during the treatment of wastewaters in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and can be discharged in effluents and/or accumulated in sewage sludges. For example, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer that is now considered a priority pollutant and is known to accumulate in sludges. This may add constraints to the exploitation of the beneficial uses of sludges that contain significant quantities of plasticizers. Recently, it was demonstrated in studies with pure cultures that the biodegradation of plasticizers including DEHP and di-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) generates toxic metabolites including 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanol, and 2-ethylhexanal. However, the environmental impacts and fate of the degradation products arising from plasticizers are unknown. Therefore, this work investigated the concentrations of DEHP and DEHA and their metabolites in the sludges from several STPs in Quebec, Canada. DEHP and DEHA were found in concentrations ranging from 15 to 346 mg kg−1 and 4 to 743 mg kg−1, respectively, in primary, secondary, digested, dewatered or dried sludges. Metabolites were detected in almost all sludges, except those that had undergone a drying process at high temperature. It is concluded that sludges can represent significant sources of plasticizers and their toxic metabolites in the environment.
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Gnidehou, Sédami, Bernard Caillou, Monique Talbot, Renée Ohayon, Jacques Kaniewski, Marie‐Sophie Noël‐Hudson, Stanislas Morand, et al. "Iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) is a transmembrane protein involved in the recycling of iodide close to the thyroglobulin iodination site." FASEB Journal 18, no. 13 (August 2, 2004): 1574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2023fje.
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Vicente, E. D., A. Vicente, T. Nunes, A. Calvo, C. del Blanco-Alegre, F. Oduber, A. Castro, R. Fraile, F. Amato, and C. Alves. "Household Dust: Loadings and PM10-Bound Plasticizers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120785.
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Residential dust is recognized as a major source of environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and plasticizers, such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs). A sampling campaign was carried out to characterize the dust fraction of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10), using an in situ resuspension chamber in three rooms (kitchen, living room, and bedroom) of four Spanish houses. Two samples per room were collected with, at least, a one-week interval. The PM10 samples were analyzed for their carbonaceous content by a thermo-optical technique and, after solvent extraction, for 20 PAHs, 8 PAEs and one non-phthalate plasticizer (DEHA) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, higher dust loads were observed for parquet flooring as compared with tile. The highest dust loads were obtained for rugs. Total carbon accounted for 9.3 to 51 wt% of the PM10 mass. Plasticizer mass fractions varied from 5 µg g−1 to 17 mg g−1 PM10, whereas lower contributions were registered for PAHs (0.98 to 116 µg g−1). The plasticizer and PAH daily intakes for children and adults via dust ingestion were estimated to be three to four orders of magnitude higher than those via inhalation and dermal contact. The thoracic fraction of household dust was estimated to contribute to an excess of 7.2 to 14 per million people new cancer cases, which exceeds the acceptable risk of one per million.
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Gautam Kumar Saikia, Kapil Kumar Bhuyan, and Mukul Kumar Deka Subhash Chandra Barua. "Effect of certain indigenous technical knowledge on the management of red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae) in tea." Journal of Plantation Crops 45, no. 2 (September 21, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jpc.2017.v45.i2.3308.
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<p>An investigation was carried out at Deha Tea Estate, Jorhat, Assam during 2015-16 by using different indigenous technical<br />knowledge (ITK) prevalent among different small tea growers. Fish extract at (0.25, 0.5 and 1%), Polygonum hydropiper at (2.5,<br />5 and 7.5%) and Azadirachtin (Neemazal-F 5%) were evaluated in field conditions against tea mite. The result showed that fish<br />extract in combination with cow dung, cow urine and water when sprayed at one per cent concentration, significantly reduced red<br />spider mite population (96.5%), percentage of leaves infestation (5.2%) and leaf area infested by the mite (11.6%). P. hydropiper<br />in combination with cow urine and water when sprayed at 7.5 per cent concentration significantly reduced red spider mite<br />population (87.5%), percentage of infestation (9.1%) and leaf area infested by the mite (12.9%). Among all the ITKs, fish extract<br />at one per cent caused higher reduction of infestation of red spider mite followed by P. hydropiper extract at 7.5 per cent.<br />Influence of both the treatments on the management of red spider mite was at par with that of commercial Azadirachtin.</p>
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Ortega-Zamora, Cecilia, Javier González-Sálamo, Diana Angélica Varela-Martínez, Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo, and Javier Hernández-Borges. "Extraction of Phthalic Acid Esters and Di(2-ethylhexyl) Adipate from Tap and Waste Water Samples Using Chromabond® HLB as Sorbent Prior to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis." Separations 7, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7020021.
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In this work, Chromabond® HLB was evaluated as an extraction sorbent of a group of seven phthalic acid esters (PAEs; i.e., dipropyl phthalate, DPP, dibutyl phthalate, DBP, diisopentyl phthalate, DIPP, di-n-pentyl phthalate, DNPP, butylbenzyl phthalate, BBP, dicyclohexyl phthalate, DCHP, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP) and one adipate (di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, DEHA) from tap and waste water prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After the optimization of the extraction conditions (200 mg of sorbent conditioned with 10 mL of acetonitrile and 2 mL of Milli-Q water, extraction of 50 mL of water at pH 6.0, vacuum drying for 20 min and elution with 10 mL of ethyl acetate), a recovery study was developed at different concentration levels in each matrix, which revealed that most of the target analytes could be recovered between 75 and 112%, with relative standard deviation values for all of them below 20%. Matrix effect was evaluated, finding that matrix-matched calibration should be developed for most analytes in both matrices. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method were in the 0.82–71 ng L−1 range. The developed method was also applied to the extraction of the target PAEs in different water samples finding some of them, in particular, DNPP in tap water samples, and BBP and DCHP in waste water, but below the LOQs of the method.
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Stoupa, Athanasia, Ghada Al Hage Chehade, Dulanjalee Kariyawasam, Celine Tohier, Christine Bole-Feysot, Patrick Nitschke, Helene Thibault, Marie-Laure Jullie, Michel Polak, and Aurore Carré. "First case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism due to SLC5A5/NIS mutations." European Journal of Endocrinology 183, no. 5 (November 2020): K1—K5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0255.
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Background: Among patients with congenital hypothyroidism, 35% have dyshormonogenesis (DH) with thyroid gland in situ with or without goiter. The majority of DH cases are due to mutations in genes involved in thyroid hormone production as TG, TPO, SLC5A5/NIS, SLC26A4/PDS, IYD/DEHAL1, DUOX2, and DUOXA2, and are usually inherited on an autosomal recessive basis. Most previously reported cases of fetal hypothyroidism and goiter were related to TG or TPO mutations and recently DUOXA2. Patient: In a male patient with antenatal goiter treated with intraamniotic levothyroxine injections, whose long-term follow-up is described in detail, two novel NIS mutations were detected. Mutations of NIS were located in exon 1 (c.52G>A, p.G18R) and exon 13 (c.1546C>T, p.R516X), each mutation was inherited from parents, who are healthy carriers. The p.G18R mutation affecting the first transmembrane domain of the protein can be responsible for deficient iodide uptake. However, the second is a nonsense mutation leading probably to mRNA degradation. In addition, the patient has undergone a thyroidectomy and we have studied the thyroid tissue. The thyroid histology showed heterogeneity with large follicles, epithelial hyperplasia and many areas of fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry with NIS specific antibody showed NIS staining at the basolateral plasma membrane of the thyrocytes. Conclusions: We report the first case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism due to two novel NIS mutations with access to thyroid tissue of the patient, specific histology studies and long-term follow-up. This case expands our knowledge and provides further insights on molecular causes of fetal goiter in humans.
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Kyuchukov, Hristo. "Are the Mental State Verbs Important For Roma Children’s Understanding of False Belief Task." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 27, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-181-194.
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Objectives. The aim of the paper is to analyze the process of acquisition of mental state verbs in Romani and in Bulgarian langauges simultaneously by bilingual Roma children. The mental state verbs help the children to understand the Fals Belief Tasks, which predict the Theory of Mind. The theory of mind from other side is important for understanding the intentions, desires, jokes, motivations of others and what are the factors influencing the development of theory of mind
Research methods and techniques. Two Roma children from Bulgaria (1 boy and 1 girl) aged 1;0 – 3;0 years were audiorecorded longitudinally in their natural home environment. According to M. Taumoepeau and T. Ruffman (2006), the mental state verbs can be grouped in different categories, showing different states: mental states, physical states, emotions, perception and cognition. The acquired verbs are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.
Results. The data shows that some mental state verbs are acquired in Romani and others in Bulgarian. The factors influencing the acquisition of part of the verbs in Romani and the other part in Bulgarian are analyzed. Mental state verbs are important for the cognitive development of the children. The results show that the the boy uses 100% Romani mental state verbs: very high number of verbs are related to (1) mental states, e.g.: mangav (want), dehav (love), arakhav (care about), džanav (know); (2) emotions: xavxoli (angry), khanile (feeling bad); (3) physical state, e.g.: dukhal (hurt), rovav (cry); (4) sense, such as: dikh (look). The girl uses 89.0% mental state verbs in Romani and 19.0% in Bulgarian language. The learned verbs by her are related to mental state from Romani: mangav (want), džanav (know), darav (be afraid) and from Bulgarian: obicham (love), znam (know), iskam (want). The other verbs from the field of emotions, physical state and sense are from Romani.
Conclusions. The resreach although limited has shown that sentences with mental state verbs in a combination with a noun phrase in a simple sentence are acquired around the age of 1;6. The more complex sentences with mental state verb and complementizer phrase are acquired around the age of 2;6 years old.
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Kumar, Pushkin. "Monitoring and Analysis of Degraded Land in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat District Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37768.
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Abstract: Land degradation is seen as a development or additional that reduces current and/or potential soil capability to produce products and goods. This implies a decline from a higher to a lower state due to a decline in land capacity, productivity, and biodiversity loss. This can be both natural and human-induced. Natural causes embody earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, avalanches, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes, and wildfires. Whereas human-induced soil degradation results from land clearing and deforestation, inappropriate agricultural practices, improper management of industrial effluents and wastes, over-grazing, careless management of forests, surface mining, urban sprawl, and commercial/industrial development. Inappropriate agricultural practices embody excessive tillage and use of heavy machineries, excessive and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, poor irrigation and water management techniques, chemical or pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycle planning. Some underlying social causes of soil degradation in Asian nation square measure land shortage, decline in per capita land handiness, economic pressure onto land, land occupancy, poverty, and population increase.. The aim of the current study is to prepare baseline data to combat land degradation and conserve land resources in an economical and efficient manner. To assess land degradation with the help of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) – in Rasulabad Block of Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh, different levels of analysis were performed to estimate the extent of land. Degradation to assess saline or salt-free soils and calcareous or sodium soils and to match this data with satellite studies. The spatial variability of these soil parameters was shown in soil maps created in a GIS environment. A temporary study of the 2017 and 2021 Sentinel satellite datasets was done to find the parameters that are responsible for land degradation. The severity of land degradation was calculable quantitatively by analyzing the physico-chemical parameters within the laboratory to see salinity and sodicity of soils and further correlating them with satellite-based studies. The pH varied between 7.1 and 8.2, electrical conductivity (EC) between 0.23 and 0.6 miliSiemens/m and the methyl orange or total alkalinity between 0.095 and 0.225 (HCO3 ) gL-1 as CaCO3. The spatial variability in these soil parameters was pictured through soil maps generated in a GIS environment with the help of IDW Interpolation. The results revealed that the soil in the study area was exposed to salt intrusion, most of the soil samples of the study area were slightly or moderately saline with a few salt-free sites. Moreover, the majority of the soil samples were calcareous and a few samples were alkaline or sodic in nature. Keyword: Land degradation, Sodic land, Saline land, GIS, IDW Interpolation.
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Dehar, Navdeep, Joseph N. Samuel, Doris Jabs, Wilma Hopman, and Mihaela Mates. "Abstract P1-05-32: Outcomes of diagnostic breast imaging in young women (less than 50 years old)." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P1–05–32—P1–05–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p1-05-32.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION The incidence of breast cancer is on the rise in the younger population, with 23 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses occurring in those under the age of 50. In Canada, screening mammography in women at average risk of breast cancer is recommended after the age of 50. Breast cancer in younger women is biologically more aggressive with greater rates of recurrence and metastatic disease. The sensitivity of mammograms to detect clinical breast abnormalities may be reduced due to increased breast density in this age group, leading to potential delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. The frequency of false-negative diagnostic mammograms in young women is unknown. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes of diagnostic breast imaging in young women undergoing investigations for abnormal clinical breast findings and the frequency of delayed breast cancer diagnosis (more than 6 months after initial diagnostic mammography). METHODS We conducted a retrospective electronic chart review in women at average risk of breast cancer, aged between 30 and 50, who underwent diagnostic mammograms and/or breast ultrasounds (US) at our institution between 2018 to 2019 for symptomatic clinical presentations (breast pain, palpable mass, nipple discharge or breast skin changes). Patients undergoing routine screening mammograms were excluded. We collected demographics, findings of initial and follow-up breast imaging (using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) & breast density), and breast cancer diagnosis timelines where applicable. The primary outcome measure was the frequency of delayed breast cancer diagnosis defined as > 6 months from initial diagnostic imaging. Secondary outcomes included completion of recommended follow-up investigations and their outcomes, total number of breast cancer diagnoses and stage. The study was approved by the local research ethics board and the results were summarized using descriptive analysis. RESULTS We reviewed 400 electronic charts and identified 171 eligible patients. Mean age was 38 years; initial breast imaging included both diagnostic mammogram and US in 168 (87%), US alone in 20 (12%) and mammogram alone in 3 (2%) patients. Breast density was not routinely reported during this time frame. Ninety patients (53%) had benign findings (BIRADS 1 and 2), 41 (24%) had probable benign findings requiring short-term follow-up (BIRADS 3) while 30 (18%) patients had findings suspicious of malignancy (BIRADS 4&5) with biopsy recommended for diagnosis. In the BIRADS 3 group, 93% had recommended follow-up at a median of 7.6 months. Breast US alone was the most common subsequent investigation of which 15 % were benign lesions (BIRADS 1 & 2) and 68% remained in the BIRADS 3 category, while none were scored BIRADS 4 or 5. Among patients with BIRADS 4 & 5 scores, 83% underwent recommended biopsy at a median time of 3 weeks. Ten (6%) out of all 171 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer, all of which had BIRADS 4 or 5 on initial diagnostic imaging. Stage distribution was as follows: stage 0 - 2 patients, stage 1- 7 patients and stage 2 - 1 patients with no locally advanced or metastatic disease. The mean time from initial imaging to breast cancer diagnosis was 1.5 weeks (range 1 to 22 weeks). None of the patients had delayed breast cancer diagnosis in our cohort. CONCLUSION More than half of patients with clinical breast findings in our cohort had benign findings on diagnostic mammogram and/or US (BIRADS 1&2) with no subsequent breast diagnosis. Majority of patients requiring further investigations (BIRADS 0, 3, 4 and 5) underwent recommended follow-up (imaging or biopsy). Ultimately, a total of 10 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer at a median time of 1.5 weeks from original diagnostic imaging with no delayed breast cancer diagnosis. We, therefore, conclude that diagnostic mammograms and US are appropriate diagnostic investigations for clinical breast concerns in women between 30-50 years. Citation Format: Navdeep Dehar, Joseph N. Samuel, Doris Jabs, Wilma Hopman, Mihaela Mates. Outcomes of diagnostic breast imaging in young women (less than 50 years old) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-32.
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Garcia Lara, Bianey, Israel Enciso Donis, Katarzyna Wrobel, and Kazimierz Wrobel. "Determination of Six Priority Phthalates and Di(Ethylhexyl) Adipate in Maize Tortilla by Gas Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 62, no. 2 (June 6, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v62i2.359.
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<p>The term “phthalates” refers to a group of esters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, widely used as plasticizers therefore ubiquitous in food and in the environment. Several phthalates have been cataloged as endocrine disruptors and that is why there is a strong demand for their reliable determination, especially in food matrices. In the present work, gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) procedure is proposed for the determination of six priority phthalates (dimethyl phthalate DMP, diethyl phthalate DEP, di(n-butyl) phthalate DBP, benzyl butyl phthalate BBP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, di(n-octyl) phthalate DnOP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate DEHA, in maize tortillas and flour. Fresh tortilla sample was homogenized with acetonitrile/water (1:1) and after salting out (NaCl), hexane extract was obtained and dried by addition of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> anhydride. Finally, solvent was evaporated and the residue was reconstituted in isooctane for the injection to GC-MS/MS system; a model SCION GC-TQMS from Bruker Daltonics was used for the analysis. Quantification was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with the following time segments and m/z values of the precursor/product ion transitions: 0-7.90 min, 163/133 DMP; 7.47-8.53min, 149/121 DEP; 8.53-9.93 min, 149/121 DBP; 9.93-12.39 min, 149/93 BBP; 11.40-12.44 min, 129/111 DEHA; 12.20-13.22 min, 149/121 DEHP; 13.13-14.20 min, 149/121 DnOP. The evaluated method detection limits for seven compounds were in the range 0.11-1.84 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> (tortilla dry mass). The results obtained for fifteen tortilla samples purchased in Guanajuato state were as follows: 71.6-420 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> DEHP > not detected (nd)-274 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> DBP > nd-197 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> DEHA > nd-73.2 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> DEP > nd-10.6 µg kg<sup>-1</sup> DnOP. It was observed that prolonged storage and elevated temperature favored the accumulation of phthalates in tortillas.</p>
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Pradeep, Wasu Isha, and Choudhari Vinod Mahadevrao. "A study of Radiological changes in Janu Sandhi in Amavata." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) 5, no. 01 (February 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.1.5.
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Aim - To study radiological changes in Janu Sandhi due to Amavata. Objectives - 1) To study about Janu Sandhi and Knee Joint, 2) To study about Amavata and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Observation - The 7 diagnostic criteria according to American College of Rheumatology, epidemiology and genetics, radiological evaluation is one of them, for knee joint - soft tissue swelling, periarticular osteoporosis, joint space reduction, osteophytes, dislocation of joints, secondary eburnation, pseudocytes, periosteal new bone formation, bone erosion is seen. In radiological changes, soft tissue swelling, joint space reduction and osteophytes is found in 80% patients, periarticular osteoporosis is found in almost 90% patient. Conclusion - Female are more prone to radiological changes in knee joint affected by Amavata than male. Also age group of 41-50 yrs are more affected and Vata-Kapha Dehaj Prakruti people has more radiological changes. This is helpful to find out the extent of progression of disease in stages of disease and treatment of disease.
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Vescovo, Giorgio. "The mechanisms of muscle wasting in COPD and heart failure." Italian Journal of Medicine, October 23, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2012.170.
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Many of the mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle wasting in COPD and heart failure are common to both conditions. These encompass neurohormonal activation and systemic inflammation. The mechanisms leading to muscle dysfunction are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative changes comprise the transition from aerobic metabolism and prevalent slow fibers composition toward anaerobic metabolism and fast fibers synthesis. Quantitative changes are mainly linked to muscle loss. These changes occur not only in the major muscles bulks of the body but also in respiratory muscles. The mechanisms leading to muscle wastage include cytokine-triggered skeletal muscle apoptosis and ubiquitin-proteasomeand non-ubiquitin-dependent pathways. The regulation of fiber type involves the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1/calcineurin/transcriptional coactivator PGC1 cascade. The imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation plays an important role. Protein degradation can occur through ubiquitin-dependent and non-ubiquitin-dependent pathways. Very recently, two systems controlling ubiquitin-proteasome activation have been described: FOXO-ubiquitin ligase and NFkB ubiquitin ligase. These are triggered by TNFα and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, apoptosis, which is triggered by tumor necrosis factor α, plays an important role. Another mechanism acting on muscle wastage is malnutrition, with an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic factors toward the catabolic component. Catabolism is also worsened by the activation of the adrenergic system and alteration of the cortisol/DEHA ratio toward cortisol production. Sarcomeric protein oxidation and its consequent contractile impairment can be another cause of skeletal muscle dysfunction in CHF.
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Chartoumpekis, Dionysios, Panos Ziros, Cédric Renaud, Massimo Bongiovanni, Ioannis Habeos, Xiao-Hui Liao, Samuel Refetoff, Peter Kopp, Klaudia Brix, and Gerasimos Sykiotis. "OR28-01 Constitutive Activation of NRF2 Antioxidant Response Leads to Age-Dependent Goiter and Compensated Hypothyroidism in Male Mice." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2042.
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Abstract Background: Familial non-toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) is a rare disease. KEAP1 gene (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) that encodes the main inhibitor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), a central mediator of antioxidant responses, has been found to be one of the mutated genes that lead to familial MNG. The proposed association of KEAP1 with familial MNG is based on only two loss-of-function mutations in respective Japanese families, only one of which included proper phenotyping and demonstration of co-segregation of phenotype and mutation. To date, there is no experimental evidence from model organisms to support that decreased Keap1 levels can cause goiter. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that enhanced Nrf2 signaling induced by loss of Keap1 function in mice can lead to goiter. Methods: To this end, male Keap1 hypomorphic C57BL/6J mice that express ~80% less Keap1 in their tissues (Keap1 knockdown mice:“Keap1KD”) were studied at 3 and 12 months of age and compared to wild-type mice (WT). Plasma, thyroids and pituitary glands were collected for assessment of thyroid function by radioimmunoassays and for histology as well as gene and protein expression by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting respectively. Results: Keap1KD showed diffuse goiter that began to develop in early adult life and became highly prominent at the age of 12 months when the thyroids of Keap1KD were 6-fold heavier than WT. Histomorphometry assessment of thyroids showed that Keap1KD had ~3-fold larger follicle area and colloid compartment but no thyroid nodules or hyperplasia was detected. Keap1KD also showed primary hypothyroidism already in early adult life that was eventually well-compensated over time by increased TSH levels (at age of 12 months: WT TSH=47.7±9.1 mU/L, Keap1KD TSH=460±74 mU/L). This was also reflected in the pituitary gland of Keap1KD where Tshb mRNA was ~3-fold higher than WT. Despite a known stimulatory effect of Nrf2 on Tg gene transcription and Tg protein abundance, these measures were decreased in the thyroid of Keap1KD mice. No clear patterns were observed in the expression profiles of other thyroid hormone synthesis-specific factors, such as Duox1, Duoxa1, Duox2, Duoxa2, Tpo, Nis, Dio1, Dio2, Dehal1 mRNA levels, with the exception of Tg-processing and Tg-degrading cathepsins, including an increase in mature forms of cathepsins D, L and S. Conclusions: Keap1KD mice showed age-dependent diffuse goiter and compensated hypothyroidism. The precise mechanism accounting for the thyroidal phenotype remains to be elucidated, but it may involve enhanced Tg solubilization and excessive lysosomal Tg degradation. This study unravels novel roles of the druggable Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in thyroid function and economy. Subclinical hypothyroidism in Keap1KD mice may have broader implications regarding their use in metabolic research.