Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Degree sum'

La décomposition des graphes fait référence au processus de décomposer un graphe complexe en composantes plus simples et plus petites, souvent dans le but d'analyser ou de résoudre des problèmes liés au graphe. Il s'agit d'un outil important pour représenter la structure globale et les propriétés d'une manière plus détaillée. Il est aussi également utile pour résoudre des problèmes impliquant la recherche de structures spécifiques dans un graphe. Il existe plusieurs types courants de techniques de décomposition de graphe largement utilisées en théorie des graphes et dans des domaines connexes, notamment la décomposition en arbres, la décomposition en blocs, la décomposition modulaire, la décomposition hiérarchique, etc. Cette thèse étudie deux types de décomposition de sommets d'un graphe : les colorations propres (décomposition en ensembles indépendants) et la Hamilton-connectivité (décomposition en chemins internement disjoints entre deux ensembles où les chemins couvrent tous les sommets du graphe)
The decomposition of graphs refers to the process of breaking down a complex graph into simpler, smaller components, often with the goal of analysing or solving problems related to the graph. It is an important tool to display the global structure and properties in a more fine-grained manner, and also useful in solving problems that involve finding specific structures in a graph. There are several common types of graph decomposition techniques that are widely used in graph theory and related fields, including tree decomposition, block decomposition, modular decomposition, hierarchical decomposition, etc. This thesis studies two kinds of vertex decomposition of a graph: proper colourings (decomposition into independent sets) and Hamilton-connectivity (decomposition into internally-disjoint paths between two sets where the paths cover all the vertices of graphs)

Abstract The dissertation considers a degree theory and the index of a critical point of demi-continuous, everywhere defined mappings of the monotone type. A topological degree is derived for mappings from a Banach space to its dual space. The mappings satisfy the condition (S+), and it is shown that the derived degree has the classical properties of a degree function. A formula for the calculation of the index of a critical point of a mapping A : X→X* satisfying the condition (S+) is derived without the separability of X and the boundedness of A. For the calculation of the index, we need an everywhere defined linear mapping A' : X→X* that approximates A in a certain set. As in the earlier results, A' is quasi-monotone, but our situation differs from the earlier results because A' does not have to be the Frechet or Gateaux derivative of A at the critical point. The theorem for the calculation of the index requires a construction of a compact operator T = (A' + Γ)-1Γ with the aid of linear mappings Γ : X→X and A'. In earlier results, Γ is compact, but here it need only be quasi-monotone. Two counter-examples show that certain assumptions are essential for the calculation of the index of a critical point.

The present study examined the extent to which the U.S. STEM labor market is stratified in terms of quality of employment. Through a series of cluster analyses and Chi-square tests on data drawn from the 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP), the study found evidence of segmentation in the highly-skilled STEM and non-STEM samples, which included workers with a subbaccalaureate diploma or above. The cluster analyses show a pattern consistent with Labor Market Segmentation theory: Higher wages are associated with other primary employment characteristics, including health insurance and pension benefits, as well as full-time employment. In turn, lower wages showed a tendency to cluster with secondary employment characteristics, such as part-time employment, multiple employment, and restricted access to health insurance and pension benefits. The findings also suggest that women have a higher likelihood of being employed in STEM jobs with secondary characteristics. The findings reveal a far more variegated employment landscape than is usually presented in national reports of the STEM workforce. There is evidence that, while STEM employment may be more resilient than non-STEM employment to labor restructuring trends in the new economy, the former is far from immune to secondary labor characteristics. There is a need for ongoing dialogue between STEM education (at all levels), employers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to truly understand not only the barriers to equity in employment relations, but also the mechanisms that create and maintain segmentation and how they may impact women, underrepresented minorities, and the foreign-born.

The sub-degree sector is expanding rapidly after the announcement of the Policy Address in 2000 by the former Chief Executive Mr. Tung Chee-hwa. Sub-degree is introduced in Hong Kong in order to build a diversified and flexible higher education system. Since then more and higher education institutions offer self-financing sub-degree programmes. It seems that sub-degree programmes are oversupplied in the market; and there is uncertainty in articulation and employment of the sub-degree graduates. This issue has stirred up much controversy among the community and causes for our greatest concern. In recent years, the number of full-time accredited self-financing local 4-year degree programmes offered by private institutions grows tremendously. With the recent growth of this new qualification, the average intakes of sub-degree programmes would somewhat be affected. HKU SPACE Community College has been selected as a case study of this research. Students and staff in the Community College have been surveyed and interviewed. The study examines their views on the sub-degree programmes offered by the community colleges and the self-financing local 4-year degree programmes offered by the private institutions. From the findings of the research, it is evident that sub-degree is a valuable educational attainment in term of articulation and employment; and sub-degrees still have the development potential and will not be replaced by the self-financing local 4-year degrees offered by the private institutions.
published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education

Le TDD dynamique joue un rôle crucial dans les réseaux 5G, adaptant les ressources aux besoins variés. Il améliore l'efficacité spectrale en allouant dynamiquement des créneaux horaires pour les transmissions montantes et descendantes en fonction de la demande de trafic et des conditions de canal. Cette allocation dynamique de fréquence assure une utilisation efficace du spectre et prend en charge une connectivité massive, une latence faible et les exigences de la qualité de service. Son rôle dans l'agrégation de porteuses maximise les débits de données et la capacité du réseau, soulignant son importance dans les technologies de communication sans fil avancées.Cependant, le TDD dynamique est confronté à un défi majeur : l'Interférence des liens croisés. Ce type d'interférence se produit lorsque les transmissions montantes et descendantes partagent les mêmes bandes de fréquences, provoquant des interférences.Cette interférence comprend l'interférence de Station de Base à Station de Base (BS-to-BS) ou du lien descendant au lien montant (DL-to-UL) ainsi que l'interférence d'Équipement Utilisateur à Équipement Utilisateur (UE-to-UE) ou du lien montant vers le lien descendant (UL- to-DL). Dans l'interférence DL-to-UL, les transmissions descendantes débordent dans les bandes des transmissions montantes, dégradant la communication montante. À l'inverse, l'interférence UL-to-DL se produit lorsque les transmissions montantes interfèrent avec la réception des transmissions descendantes.Gérer efficacement ces interférences est crucial pour la performance et la fiabilité d'un système TDD dynamique.Ce mémoire vise à libérer tout le potentiel du TDD dynamique en surmontant les défis posés par les interférences des liens croisés grâce à une analyse rigoureuse et des méthodologies innovantes. La recherche ne se contente pas de faire progresser la technologie TDD dynamique, elle pionnière des solutions applicables à divers contextes de communication, stimulant des stratégies innovantes d'alignement d'interférence dans des scénarios variés.Le mémoire se divise en plusieurs parties. La première pose les bases avec la définition du problème et les concepts théoriques essentiels. La deuxième partie examine les conditions de faisabilité de l'alignement des interférences. Ces conditions sont exprimées en fonction de la dimension du problème et établissent le degré de liberté (DoF) atteignable, représentant le nombre de flux de données possibles. Elle explore l'alignement d'interférence dans des scénarios centralisés, en considérant à la fois les canaux MIMO en rang complet et réduit, et aborde des complexités du monde réel. De plus, elle étend l'exploration à un scénario distribué, offrant une compréhension réaliste des complexités de la communication. La troisième partie se concentre sur les techniques d'optimisation, en particulier le beamforming. Elle introduit le Zero Forcing (ZF) beamforming pour les utilisateurs, alignant l'interférence dans les systèmes TDD dynamique. Elle met l'accent sur l'impact de l'interférence des liens croisés entre utilisateurs et présente les améliorations apportées par les algorithmes WMMSE. De plus, elle explore l'optimisation de l'allocation de puissance en utilisant l'algorithme Water-Filling, évaluant la performance du Zero Forcing Beamforming et de l'algorithme WMMSE en fonction de cette approche d'optimisation de puissance
Dynamic Time Division Duplexing (DynTDD) is pivotal in 5th generation (5G) networks, adapting resources to diverse needs. It enhances Spectral Efficiency (SE) by dynamically allocating time slots for Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) transmissions based on traffic demand and channel conditions. This dynamic frequency allocation ensures efficient spectrum use and supports massive connectivity, low latency, and Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Its role in carrier aggregation maximizes data rates and capacity, highlighting its importance in advanced wireless communication technologies.However, DynTDD faces a significant challenge: cross-link interference (CLI). CLI occurs when UL and DL transmissions share the same frequency bands, leading to interference.CLI comprises base station to base station (BS-to-BS) or downlink to uplink (DL-to-UL) interference and user equipment to user equipment (UE-to-UE) or uplink to downlink (UL-to-DL) interference. In DL-to-UL interference, DL transmissions spill into UL bands, degrading UL communication. Conversely, UL-to-DL interference occurs when UL transmissions interfere with DL reception.Effectively managing CLI is crucial for DynTDD's performance and reliability.This thesis aims to unleash the full potential of DynTDD by overcoming CLI challenges through rigorous analysis and innovative methodologies. The research not only advances DynTDD technology but also pioneers solutions applicable to various communication contexts, driving innovative interference alignment strategies across diverse scenarios.The study in this thesis is divided into multiple segments. The first part establishes the foundation with the problem definition and essential theoretical concepts. The second part delves into the conditions determining the feasibility of interference alignment. These conditions are expressed in terms of the problem dimension and establish the achievable Degree of Freedom (DoF), representing the number of data streams. It explores interference alignment in centralized scenarios, considering both full-rank and reduced-rank Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Interference Broadcast Multiple Access Channel-Interference Channel (IBMAC-IC), addressing real-world complexities. Additionally, it extends the exploration to a distributed scenario, providing a realistic understanding of communication complexities. The third part focuses on optimization techniques, specifically beamforming. It introduces Zero Forcing (ZF) beamforming for both DL and UL User Equipment (UE)s to align CLI in DynTDD systems. It emphasizes the impact of UE-to-UE interference and presents improvements brought by the Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error (WMMSE) algorithms. Furthermore, it explores power allocation optimization using the water-filling algorithm

Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Farrokh Ayazi; Committee Member: Jennifer Michaels; Committee Member: Levent Degertekin; Committee Member: Paul Hasler; Committee Member: W. Marshall Leach. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

The purpose of this ex post facto study was to describe completers and non-completers of associate’s degree programs in engineering and engineering technologies and determine whether and to what extent completion in these programs is a function of selected student-related variables and institutional variables. Data from the 2004/2009 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS: 04/09) of associate’s degree completers and non-completers in engineering and engineering technologies were accessed and analyzed through PowerStats, a web-based data analysis tool from National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Descriptive data indicated that, proportionally, engineering and engineering technologies completers were mostly White, married, middle income, employed part-time, enrolled full-time, did not hold a high school diploma or certificate, completed Trigonometry/Algebra II, had a father who’s highest education level was an associate’s degree, but did not know their mother’s highest level of education, completed remedial coursework, and started college with the goal of earning an associate’s degree. While more males enrolled in the programs, males and females demonstrated similar completion rates, proportionally- with females showing a slightly higher percentage of completion. Results from the logistic regression further indicated that the variables significant to completion in associate’s degree programs in engineering and engineering technologies were gender and enrollment size. Findings suggested that female students were more likely to earn the degree, and that the larger the institution, the more likely the student would become a completer. However, since a major limitation of the study was the small weighted sample size, the results of the study are inconclusive in terms of the extent to which the findings can be generalized to the population of students in associate’s degree programs in engineering and engineering technologies. This study fills a gap in the literature of what is known about engineering and engineering technician students. It also contributes to the body of research on an understudied STEM educational and professional pathway, the associate’s degree in engineering and engineering technologies.

Aim:   It  has  been  demonstrated  that  customer  satisfaction  is  critically  important  to  the performance of grocery stores (Bamford and Xystouri, 2005). In Gävle, there is heavy competition among the three big brands - ICA, Willy:s and Coop. Therefore, the study of  customer  satisfaction  in grocery  stores  in  Gävle  is  worth  researching.  This  paper aims to establish major attributes that underlie sub-attributes, to examine which pose the  most  dynamic  influences  on  the  degree  of  customer  satisfaction  in  the  different store formats.  Method:  The  method  framework  consists  of  analysis  of  three  samples  of  customers who purchase in the three store formats of ICA, Maxi ICA, ICA Sätra Store and ICA Nära. Following  a  weighted  mean  calculation  of  the  15  sub-attributes,  thus  the  result  can show  us  the  influence  of  the  identified  attributes  and  sub-attributes  on  customer satisfaction.  Result & Conclusions:  The  degree  of  customer  satisfaction  in  Maxi  ICA  is  highest,  followed  by  Sätra  ICA and  ICA  Nära.  The  attributes,  such  as  additional  service,  store  location,  and  store environment exert greatest influence on customer satisfaction in the three  formats of   stores.  The  principal  sub-attributes,  such  as  opportunity  to  meet  friends,  attractive price,  convenient  car  parking,  location,  wide  range  of  food  and  helpful  staff act dramatically.  It is concluded that additional service and location satisfy customers most. The degree of customer satisfaction in grocery stores in Gävle, as different formats of stores can meet customers' different needs and requirements.  Suggestions for future research:   Four  suggestions  for  future  study  are  introduced.  Firstly,  researching  in  other  cities, such as Stockholm or Malmo, is advisable, as both of them differentiate from Gavle in terms  of  size  of  city  and  geographic  context.  Secondly,  research  on  comparison among ICA and its competitors is also advisable to be conducted as it can investigate Swedish retailing industry from a different aspect. Thirdly, Uutialo (2001)’s result appears  to  be  against  yours, the  gap  between  Uutialo’s and  ours  is  advised  to  be examine  further.  Lastly,  the  future  researchers  are  also  advised  to  concern  about  the relationship between traditional retailing industry and e-commerce.  Contribution of the thesis:  This work contributes to extant literature by assessing differences in the main factors that contribute to satisfaction in grocery stores in Gävle, depending on different store formats,  as  customer  satisfaction  is  commonly  linked  with  service  marketing. Moreover, the field of grocery market in Gävle has not studied before the way we did, so this thesis has its original value.

L’analyse de tolérances par des ensembles de contraintes repose sur la détermination de l’accumulation de variations géométriques par des sommes et intersections d’ensembles opérandes 6d. Les degrés de liberté des liaisons et les degrés d’invariance des surfaces génèrent des opérandes non-bornés (polyèdres), posant des problèmes de simulation. En 2014, L. Homria proposé une méthode pour résoudre ce problème, consistant à ajouter des limites artificielles(contraintes bouchon) sur les déplacements non-bornés. Même si cette méthode permet la manipulation d’objets bornés (polytopes), les contraintes bouchon augmentent la complexité des simulations. En réponse à cette difficulté, une méthode dérivée est proposée dans cette thèse.Cette méthode consiste à tracer et simplifier les contraintes bouchon au travers des opérations.Puis une seconde stratégie basée sur la décomposition d’un polyèdre en une somme d’un polytope et de lignes droites (associées aux déplacements non-bornés). Cette stratégie consiste à simuler d’une part les sommes de droites, et d’autre part, à déterminer la somme de polytopes dans un sous-espace de dimension inférieur à 6. Ces trois stratégies sont comparées au travers d’une application industrielle. Cela montre que la traçabilité des contraintes bouchons est un aspect fondamental pour contrôler leur propagation et pour réduire le temps de calcul des simulations. Toutefois, cette méthode exige encore de déterminer les limites des déplacements non-bornés. La deuxième méthode, adaptant systématiquement la dimension de l’espace de calcul, elle permet de diminuer davantage le temps de calcul. Ce travail permet d’envisager la mise en oeuvre de cette méthode selon des formulations statistiques avec la prise en compte des défauts de forme des surfaces
The cumulative stack-up of geometric variations in mechanical systems can be modelled summing and intersecting sets of constraints. These constraints derive from tolerance zones or from contact restrictions between parts. The degrees of freedom (DOF) of jointsgenerate unbounded sets (i.e. polyhedra) which are difficult to deal with. L. Homri presented in 2014 a solution based on the setting of fictitious limits (called cap constraints) to each DOFto obtain bounded 6D sets (i.e. polytopes). These additional constraints, however, increase the complexity of the models, and therefore, of the computations. In response to this situation,we defined a derived strategy to control the effects of the propagation of the fictitious limits by tracing and simplifying the generated, new cap constraints. We proposed a second strategy based on the decomposition of polyhedra into the sum of a polytope and a set of straight lines.The strategy consists in isolating the straight lines (associated to the DOF) and summing the polytopes in the smallest sub-space. After solving an industrial case, we concluded that tracing caps constraints during the operations allows reducing the models complexity and,consequently, the computational time; however, it still involves working in 6d even in caseswhere this is not necessary. In contrast, the strategy based on the operands decompositionis more efficient due to the dimension reduction. This study allowed us to conclude that the management of mechanisms’ mobility is a crucial aspect in tolerance simulations. The gain on efficiency resulting from the developed strategies opens up the possibility for doing statistical treatment of tolerances and tolerance synthesis

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Civil Engineering
Kyle A. Riding
Finely ground glass has the potential for pozzolanic reactivity and can serve as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Glass reaction kinetics depends on both temperature and glass composition. Uniform composition, amorphous nature, and high silica content of glass make ground glass an ideal material for studying the effects of glass type and particle size on reactivity at different temperature. This study focuses on how three narrow size ranges of clear and green glass cullet, 63–75 [mu]m, 25–38 [mu]m, and smaller than 25 [mu]m, as well as combination of glass types and particle sizes affects the microstructure and performance properties of cementitious systems containing glass cullet as a SCM. Isothermal calorimetry, chemical shrinkage, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images in backscattered (BS) mode were used to quantify the cement reaction kinetics and microstructure. Additionally, compressive strength and water sorptivity experiments were performed on mortar samples to correlate reactivity of cementitious materials containing glass to the performance of cementitious mixtures. A recently-developed modeling platform called “[mu]ic the model” was used to simulated pozzolanic reactivity of single type and fraction size and combined types and particle sizes of finely ground glass. Results showed that ground glass exhibits pozzolanic properties, especially when particles of clear and green glass below 25 [mu]m and their combination were used at elevated temperatures, reflecting that glass cullet is a temperature-sensitive SCM. Moreover, glass composition was seen to have a large impact on reactivity. In this study, green glass showed higher reactivity than clear glass. Results also revealed that the simultaneous effect of sizes and types of glass cullet (surface area) on the degree of hydration of glass particles can be accounted for through a linear addition, reflecting that the surface area would significantly affect glass cullet reactivity and that the effects of SCM material interaction on reaction kinetics were minimal. However, mechanical properties of cementitious systems containing combined glass types and sizes behaved differently, as they followed the weaker portion of the two particles. This behavior was attributed to the pores sizes, distruibution, and connectiity. Simulations of combined glass types and sizes showed that more work on microstructural models is needed to properly model the reactivity of mixed glass particle systems.

Orientador: Marco Antônio Bottino
Banca: Marco Antônio Bottino
Banca: Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
Banca: Roberto Ruggiero Braga
Banca: Claudio Antonio Talge
Banca: Luiz Felipe Valandro
Resumo: Este estudo teve com objetivo analisar a capacidade de um pino translúcido transmitir luz para o interior do canal radicular, bem como analisar o efeito desta polimerização na resistência mecânica e adesiva do conjunto pino, cimento, dente. Além disso, foi avaliada a resistência adesiva de diferentes tipos de cimentos resinosos. Foram utilizados 70 dentes humanos unirradiculares. O canal foi preparado com as fresas n°3 dos sistemas de pinos Light-Post (Bisco Inc, EUA). As raízes foram pintadas com esmalte preto para evitar a passagem de luz pela lateral do dente. Todos os dentes foram tratados com o sistema adesivo All Bond 2 (Bisco) e cimentados com três tipos de cimento formando os seguintes grupos: G1) Cimento Dual Duolink (Bisco) não fotopolimerizado, G2) Cimento Dual duolink fotopolimerizado, G3) Cimento Químico (C&B - Bisco) e G4) cimento fotopolimerizável (Illusion, Bisco). Cada grupo foi subdividido segundo a execução ou não de ciclagem mecânica. Em seguida, os dentes foram cortados perpendicular ao longo eixo do dente obtendo espécimes de 2mm de espessura. Cada secção era correspondente a uma região do dente (cervical, média, apical), possibilitando observar a polimerização do cimento nas diferentes profundidades da raiz realizando a analise Raman em três dentes de cada grupo. Em seguida, foi realizado o teste de push-out.Como resultado foi observado menor grau de conversão em direção apical para os cimentos foto-ativados, enquanto o cimento dual sem foto-ativaçao apresentou maiores valores. Para a resistência adesiva foi observada semelhança estatística inicial entre o cimento Duolink foto-ativado ou não, sendo que q ciclagem mecânica diminui consideravelmente a RA do Duolink quimicamente polimerizado. O cimento fotopolimerizável apresentou valores muito baixos de resistência adesiva e o cimento químico C&B apresentou os maiores valores antes e apos ciclagem mecânica.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the light transmittance of a translucent post in the root canal, as well as the effects of light polymerization onto fatigue resistance and bond strengths at the post/cement/tooth joint. Moreover, the bond strengths obtained with different types of resin cement were determined. 70 human teeth were used. The root canals were prepared with Light Post drills (Bisco Inc, EUA) (size 3). Afterwards, the outer surface of each tooth was covered with black nail varnish to avoid passage of light through the root lateral walls. All teeth were treated with All Bond 2 (Bisco) bonding agent. They were divided into groups according to the resin cement: G1) non light-cured Duo-link dual-cure cement (Bisco), G2) light-cured Duo-link dual-cure cement, G3) C&B chemical-cure cement (Bisco) and G4) Illusion light-cure resin cement (Bisco). Each group was divided into subgroups, to designate the specimens subjected to mechanical cycling or not. Following that, the teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 2mm sections. Each section corresponded to one of three study regions (cervical, middle and apical regions of the root canal preparation), allowing the determination of the degree of conversion at different levels of the root by using Raman spectroscopy in three teeth per group. Afterwards, the segments were subjected to Push-out bond strength test. The light-activated cements had the lowest degree of conversion towards the apical region whereas the dual-activated one presented the highest values. As for bond strength, the light- and non light-activated Duo-link groups were statistically similar in the beginning, but the mechanical cycling decreased the bond strength of the non light-activated group. The light-activated cement had the lowest bond strengths and the chemical cement (C&B) presented the highest bond strength values before and after mechanical cycling.
Doutor

In this paper we study the notion of degree forsubmanifolds embedded in an equiregular sub-Riemannian manifold and we provide the definition of their associated area functional. In this setting we prove that the Hausdorff dimension of a submanifold coincides with its degree, as stated by Gromov. Using these general definitions we compute the first variation for surfaces embedded in low dimensional manifolds and we obtain the partial differential equation associated to minimal surfaces. These minimal surfaces have several applications in the neurogeometry of the visual cortex.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este estudo teve com objetivo analisar a capacidade de um pino translúcido transmitir luz para o interior do canal radicular, bem como analisar o efeito desta polimerização na resistência mecânica e adesiva do conjunto pino, cimento, dente. Além disso, foi avaliada a resistência adesiva de diferentes tipos de cimentos resinosos. Foram utilizados 70 dentes humanos unirradiculares. O canal foi preparado com as fresas n°3 dos sistemas de pinos Light-Post (Bisco Inc, EUA). As raízes foram pintadas com esmalte preto para evitar a passagem de luz pela lateral do dente. Todos os dentes foram tratados com o sistema adesivo All Bond 2 (Bisco) e cimentados com três tipos de cimento formando os seguintes grupos: G1) Cimento Dual Duolink (Bisco) não fotopolimerizado, G2) Cimento Dual duolink fotopolimerizado, G3) Cimento Químico (C&B - Bisco) e G4) cimento fotopolimerizável (Illusion, Bisco). Cada grupo foi subdividido segundo a execução ou não de ciclagem mecânica. Em seguida, os dentes foram cortados perpendicular ao longo eixo do dente obtendo espécimes de 2mm de espessura. Cada secção era correspondente a uma região do dente (cervical, média, apical), possibilitando observar a polimerização do cimento nas diferentes profundidades da raiz realizando a analise Raman em três dentes de cada grupo. Em seguida, foi realizado o teste de push-out.Como resultado foi observado menor grau de conversão em direção apical para os cimentos foto-ativados, enquanto o cimento dual sem foto-ativaçao apresentou maiores valores. Para a resistência adesiva foi observada semelhança estatística inicial entre o cimento Duolink foto-ativado ou não, sendo que q ciclagem mecânica diminui consideravelmente a RA do Duolink quimicamente polimerizado. O cimento fotopolimerizável apresentou valores muito baixos de resistência adesiva e o cimento químico C&B apresentou os maiores valores antes e apos ciclagem mecânica.
This study aimed to evaluate the light transmittance of a translucent post in the root canal, as well as the effects of light polymerization onto fatigue resistance and bond strengths at the post/cement/tooth joint. Moreover, the bond strengths obtained with different types of resin cement were determined. 70 human teeth were used. The root canals were prepared with Light Post drills (Bisco Inc, EUA) (size 3). Afterwards, the outer surface of each tooth was covered with black nail varnish to avoid passage of light through the root lateral walls. All teeth were treated with All Bond 2 (Bisco) bonding agent. They were divided into groups according to the resin cement: G1) non light-cured Duo-link dual-cure cement (Bisco), G2) light-cured Duo-link dual-cure cement, G3) C&B chemical-cure cement (Bisco) and G4) Illusion light-cure resin cement (Bisco). Each group was divided into subgroups, to designate the specimens subjected to mechanical cycling or not. Following that, the teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 2mm sections. Each section corresponded to one of three study regions (cervical, middle and apical regions of the root canal preparation), allowing the determination of the degree of conversion at different levels of the root by using Raman spectroscopy in three teeth per group. Afterwards, the segments were subjected to Push-out bond strength test. The light-activated cements had the lowest degree of conversion towards the apical region whereas the dual-activated one presented the highest values. As for bond strength, the light- and non light-activated Duo-link groups were statistically similar in the beginning, but the mechanical cycling decreased the bond strength of the non light-activated group. The light-activated cement had the lowest bond strengths and the chemical cement (C&B) presented the highest bond strength values before and after mechanical cycling.

Syftet med studien är att belysa och analysera hur speciallärare med inriktning matematikutveckling och dess rektorer ser på speciallärarens roll och dess arbetsuppgifter i förhållande till examensordningen. Metodvalet vid genomförandet av studien var en kvalitativ metod i form av 10 intervjuer där 5 speciallärare med inriktning mot matematikutveckling och dess 5 rektorer medverkade. Urvalet av intervjupersonerna utgick från fem kriterier som användes för att skapa ett målinriktat urval. Resultatet analyserades sedan utifrån Abbotts professionsteori (1988) samt utifrån ett relationellt och kategoriskt perspektiv. Resultaten visar hur speciallärarnas främsta arbetsuppgifter är att bedriva undervisning samt anpassa lärmiljön. Ett område som de inte lyckats göra anspråk på i större utsträckning är utvecklingsarbetet. Det råder oklarheter hos lärare, ledning samt andra yrkesroller på skolorna kring speciallärarens uppdrag, därför kan uppdraget se olika ut och framgår därmed vara lokalt förhandlingsbart. Det som kan påvisas är att examensordningen inte är det som ligger till grund i utformningen av speciallärarens uppdrag och arbetsuppgifter. Studien visar att det är rektorns visioner för organisationen, kompetenser samt förmåga att styra som har den avgörande rollen för vilka förutsättningar och hinder för att genomföra uppdraget. Att specialläraren är en del i EHT framgår vara en viktig förutsättning, även att få tid till att genomföra kompetensutveckling samt samarbete med andra aktörer både i och utanför skolan. En ytterligare förutsättning framgår vara att specialläraren tillåts arbeta med det som de är anställda till att göra såsom undervisa, utreda och föra utvecklingsarbete och inte delges andra arbetsuppgifter på grund av organisationens plötsliga behov.
The purpose of the study is to elucidate and analyze how teachers with special education specialization in mathematics development and its principals look at the role of the special education teacher and its tasks in relation to the degree system. The method selection in the implementation of the study was a qualitative method in the form of 10 interviews in which 5 special education teachers with a focus on mathematics development and its 5 principals participated. The selection of the interviewees was based on five criteria that were used to create a targeted selection. The result was then analyzed based on Abbott's professional theory (1988) and from a relational and categorical perspective. The results show how the special education teachers main tasks are to conduct teaching and adapt the learning environment. One area that they have not succeeded in claiming to a greater extent is the development work. There are uncertainties among teachers, management and other professional roles at the schools concerning the special education teachers assignment, therefore the assignment may look different and thus appear to be locally negotiable. What can be demonstrated is that the degree order is not what forms the basis of the design of the special education teachers assignments and tasks. The study shows that it is the principal's visions for the organization, competencies and the ability to control which has the decisive role for what conditions and obstacles to the implementation of the assignment. The fact that the special education teacher is a part of student health framers appears to be an important prerequisite, also to have time to implement competence development and collaboration with other actors both inside and outside the school. An additional prerequisite is that the specialist teacher is allowed to work with what they are employed to do such as teaching, investigate and development work and not be served other tasks because of the organisation's sudden needs.

Le ricerche in vitro sui materiali dentari utilizzati nell Odontoiatria Riabilitativa sono state realizzate al fine di valutare le proprietà meccaniche di resine composite, adesivi smalto-dentinali e cementi endodontici di diverso spessore foto polimerizzati con due differenti lampade: un alogena di nuova generazione (Astralis 10 Ivoclar Vivadent) e una lampada LED (MiniLED Satelec), adoperate in modalità continua ad alta intensità di potenza ( > 1000 mW/cm2) e in modalità incrementale per tempi di esposizione di 10 e 20 secondi. Su campioni di opportuna geometria sono stati eseguiti test meccanici di compressione, flessione, durezza Vickers, usura e usura dopo trattamenti con acidi (acido orto fosforico al 36%, perossido di idrogeno al 10%, perossido di idrogeno al 20%, permanganato di potassio al 10%, etossido di sodio al 10%), e analisi al microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM). L analisi statistica è stata effettuata utilizzando il test ANOVA a effetti fissi a due vie per campioni dipendenti (P < 0,05). I risultati delle prove hanno indicato che la sorgente alogena utilizzata nella sperimentazione permette di raggiungere gradi di conversione maggiori e in tempi più brevi rispetto a quella LED. È stato inoltre possibile definire le condizioni operative ottimali, in termini di tempo d esposizione e di spessore del campione, per ottenere materiali reticolati omogeneamente. I valori di durezza Vickers sia della superficie superiore, direttamente esposta alla fonte di luce, sia di quella inferiore hanno permesso di valutare il grado di polimerizzazione dei campioni irradiati per tempi e con modalità differenti. I valori di compressione hanno dimostrato che a parità di tempo di esposizione e di modalità di rilascio della luce, la sorgente luminosa adoperata influenza la resistenza a compressione dei materiali dentari analizzati. I materiali dentari contenenti componenti ibride e microibride testati rispondono meglio all azione della luce alogena. La componente nano ceramica risulta più resistente alla compressione se polimerizzata con sorgente LED. Utilizzando una lampada LED si è dimostrato che è consigliabile non superare per ogni apporto i 2 mm di spessore e prolungare i tempi di foto polimerizzazione, in modo da migliorare le caratteristiche meccaniche dei materiali dentari, specie quando è necessario foto polimerizzare a distanza e si opera su pazienti disfunzionali, dovendo riabilitare aree sottoposte a notevoli stress. I valori di flessione osservati tra i materiali dentari testati hanno rivelato che la sorgente alogena, utilizzata per identici tempi e con uguale modalità, garantiscono maggiori valori di resistenza a flessione rispetto alla LED. La completa polimerizzazione dei materiali testati, indicata dai valori di resistenza a flessione dipende comunque più dallo spessore dei materiali che dai tempi di irraggiamento.I valori di usura e usura dopo trattamenti con acidi (acido orto fosforico al 36%, perossido di idrogeno al 10%, perossido di idrogeno al 20%, permanganato di potassio al 10%, etossido di sodio al 10%) osservati tra i materiali dentari testati hanno rivelato che la sorgente LED, utilizzata per identici tempi e con uguale modalità, garantisce maggiori valori di resistenza a usura rispetto alla sorgente alogena. È stato così osservato che i materiali dentari esaminati presentano comportamenti alquanto differenti legati presumibilmente alla loro composizione di base.

Problem:      Vad anser arbetsgivare om vikten av att investera i humankapital genom att anställa välutbildad personal?

Vilka kunskaper har rekryterare om ekonomiutbildningarnas innehåll och examensnivåer?

 

Syfte:            Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda arbetsgivarnas policy vad gäller investering i humankapital vid anställning, examensnivåns betydelse vid anställning till ekonomitjänster samt rekryterarnas kunskaper om ekonomiutbildningarnas innehåll.

 

Metod:          En kvalitativ studie som bygger på sekundärdata genomfördes med fem personer som rekryterar ekonomer inom olika branscher. Dessa personer ansågs kunna bidra med relevant information för att besvara studiens syfte. Primärdata sammanställdes vilket sedan ledde till analys och studiens slutsats.

 

Slutsats:        Högskoleutbildning är grundkravet för att få ett arbete som ekonom men examensnivån har en mindre betydelse. Personlighet och erfarenhet är viktigare och det som premieras är prestationer och ansvarstagande. Arbetsgivare tycker att det är viktigt att investera i humankapital. Graden av hur insatta rekryterare är i ekonomiutbildningarnas innehåll skiljer sig åt.

Problem:      What do employers think about the importance of investment in human capital by hiring well-educated staff?

Which knowledge do recruiters have about the content of economy education and degree levels?

 

Purpose:       The purpose of this study is to investigate employer’s policy when it comes to investment in human capital when hiring, the importance of degree level when hiring employees to economy jobs and the recruiters’ knowledge about the content of economy education.

 

Method:       A qualitative study, based on secondary data, was carried out with five persons who recruit economists to different industries. These people were believed to be able to contribute to answer the purpose of the study. Primary data were compiled which then lead up to the analysis and the conclusions of the study.

 

Conclusion:  University education is the basic request to get a job as economist but the degree level has a minor significance. Personality and experience are more important and what’s rewarded is performance and responsibility taking. Employers think that it’s important to invest in human capital. The degree of how much the recruiters are informed about the content of economy education varies.

This quantitative study examined the degree aspirations of first year, first time, Latina/o college students, using Tara Yosso’s (2005) Community Cultural Wealth Model as a framework. Secondary data was obtained from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program’s (CIRP) 2015 The Freshman Survey to complete t-test and linear regression analyses exploring gender differences in degree aspirations between Latina and Latino students as well as predictors of degree aspirations. Findings include academic self-concept, pluralistic orientation, neighborhood racial composition, and age as significant predictors of degree aspirations. The survey items that make up the CIRP constructs for academic self-concept and pluralistic orientation were also indicative of the importance of navigational, aspirational, and linguistic capitals as predictors of degree aspirations.

The human resources field has changed and the responsibility for employability has been transferred to the individual himself. In this study, we have been interested in the extent to which individuals with a HR-degree from Örebro University have an employment in the field of competence after graduation and if we could identify what have affected their employment. Previous research in the field of employment gives us various factors that have been reported to affect an individual's opportunity for employment. In our study, we have verified whether these factors remain for the HR-students with a degree from Örebro University or if they disappear. Through a survey, we found that two-thirds of the respondents had employment in the area of expertise. We also detected that part-time job in the area of expertise and gender had a positive impact on employment within the area of expertise. The remaining factors had a negative impact.
Personalvetaryrket har förändrats och ansvaret över anställningsbarheten har förflyttats till individen själv. I denna studie har vi intresserat oss för i vilken grad individer med en personalvetarutbildning från Örebro universitet har en anställning inom kompetensområdet efter examen samt vad som kan påverka dess anställning. Den tidigare forskningen inom ämnet anställning ger oss olika faktorer som har redovisats påverka en individs möjlighet till anställning. I vår studie har vi kontrollerat om dessa faktorers påverkan kvarstår för personalvetarstudenterna med en examen från Örebro universitet. Genom en enkätstudie fann vi att två tredjedelar av respondenterna hade en anställning inom kompetensområdet. Vi fann även att extraarbete inom kompetensområdet och kön har en positiv påverkan på anställningen inom kompetensområdet. Resterande faktorer hade en negativ påverkan.

Algebraic equations and functions play an important role in various mathematical topics, including algebra, trigonometry, linear programming and calculus. Accordingly, various documents, such as the most recent Swedish curriculum (Lpf 94) for upper secondary school and the course syllabi in mathematics, specify what the students should learn in Mathematics Course B. They should be able to solve quadratic equations and apply this knowledge in solving problems, explain the properties of a function, as well as be able to set up, interpret and use some nonlinear functions as models for real processes. To implement these recommendations, it is crucial to understand the students’ way of experiencing quadratic equations and functions, and describe the meaning these have for the students in relation to the possibility they have to their experience of them.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse, understand and explain the relation between the handled and learned content, which consists of second-degree equations and quadratic functions, in classroom practice. This means that content is the research object and not the teacher’s conceptions or knowledge of, or about this content. This restriction implies that the handled and learned contents are central in this study and will be analysed from different perspectives.

The study includes two teachers and 45 students in two different classes. The data consist of video-recordings of lessons, individual sessions, interviews and the teachers’/researcher’s review of the individual sessions. The students’ tests also constituted an important part of the data collection.

When analysing the data, concepts relating to variation theory have been used as analytical tools. Data have been analysed in respect of the teachers’ focus on the lesson content, which aspects are ignored and which patterns of dimensions of variations are constituted when the contents are handled by the teachers in the classroom. Also, data have been analysed in respect of the students’ focus when they solve different exercises in a test situation. It can be shown that the meaning of parameters, the unknown quantity in an equation and the function’s argument change several times when the teacher presents the content in the classroom and when the students solve different exercises. It can also be shown that the teachers and the students develop complicated patterns of variation during the lessons and that the ways in which the teachers open up dimensions of variation play an important role in the learning process. The results indicate that there is a convergent variation leading the students to improve their learning. By focusing on some aspects of the objects of learning and create convergent variations, it is possible for the students to understand the difference between various interpretations of these aspects and thereafter focus on the interpretation that fits in a certain context. Furthermore, this variation leads the students to make generalisations in each object of learning (equations and functions) and between these objects of learning. These generalisations remain over time, despite working with new objects of learning. An important result in this study is that the implicit or explicit arguments of a function can make it possible to discern an equation from a function despite the fact that they are constituted by the same algebraic expression.

L'un des luminophores utilisés dans les lampes trichromatiques est un phosphate mixte de lanthane-cérium-terbium La_1-x-yCe_xTb_yPO₄. Ses propriétés optiques et morphologiques doivent être adaptées à son utilisation. Ce travail concerne l'étude et l'optimisation de ces propriétés. Comme le luminophore est obtenu par calcination d'un précurseur, il apparaît que cette étape a une influence sur son rendement quantique, c'est à dire sur son efficacité. C'est la nature de l'atmosphère de calcination qui est déterminante. La morphologie finale du luminophore peut être contrôlée par l'ajout, avant l'étape de calcination, d'un composé au précurseur. La nature de ce composé dépend des impuretés présentes dans le précurseur et provenant de la synthèse de celui-ci.

The Hong Kong higher education sector has undergone significant transformations since the turn of the century when its government decided to enable 60% of the secondary school leavers to receive tertiary education by 2010. The sudden expansion has brought along issues concerning the quality of students and escalating costs in the higher education sector. In light of these local concerns and global influences, the University Grants Committee (UGC) in Hong Kong sought to take measures with the objectives to achieve quality assurance, cost-efficiency and public accountability. Applying the concepts of outcomes-based teaching and learning at all local universities has been considered a tool in helping the committee to meet these targets. Recently, the learning outcomes approach has trickled down into the sub-degree sector in Hong Kong. Whilst the implementation progress of the learning outcomes approach at the university level was monitored through the UGC, little attention has been paid to its application in the sub-degree sector. This dissertation sets out to understand how a Learning Outcomes Policy is implemented within a sub-degree institution in Hong Kong. Using the policy as an entry point into the investigation, this study not only hopes to reveal the micro-political process that has taken place within the institution, but also to demonstrate how they might come to influence the interpretations of policy actors and inform the production and practice of policy. Through developing a dynamic 'study through' approach to policy analysis, it is hope that this model can illustrate various forms of power relations and policy messiness within and between policy spaces in order to gain a more heuristic and holistic understanding on policy movement through time and space. By using this approach to analyse the policy in our case study, the findings have suggested that due to the different cultural settings of policy spaces in addition to the multiple interpretations and translations by policy actors, the claim benefits of learning outcomes has been overstated and the policy itself has become symbolic and remained at the level of rhetoric. Reflecting upon the methodological framework used in this investigation has revealed the movement of policy is indeed highly complex whilst it can be affected by factors such as power, culture, knowledge and resources. This analysis is significant for local policy workers by providing useful information for the future development of the sub-degree sector, particularly in the area of policy implementation. In addition, by adopting a new methodological approach to policy analysis, the present study is also relevant for readers of the policy and higher education community by offering us new perspectives to view the world of policy.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O linfoma é a neoplasia mais comum nos gatos, e representa cerca de 1/3 dos tumores na espécie. O vírus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV) e o vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV) têm uma relação direta e indireta, na génese do linfoma felino. O diagnóstico definitivo de linfoma é efetuado através de análises histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas, sendo o linfoma classificado segundo a sua localização anatómica (gastrointestinal, mediastínico, nodal e extranodal), o grau (baixo, intermédio e alto) e o fenótipo (B e T). O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a infeção por FeLV e FIV e as características dos linfomas, tais como a localização anatómica, a classificação histológica, fenotípica, e ainda segundo a grelha de classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). A raça, idade ao diagnóstico e o sexo dos gatos foram também avaliados. A amostra investigada é composta por 34 gatos com linfoma, com diagnóstico histológico e fenotípico realizado no período 2013-2019. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: gatos sem infeção retroviral (n=26); gatos com infeção retroviral (n=8). O linfoma mais frequente foi o gastrointestinal (19/26; 73,1%), de fenótipo T, baixo grau, sem associação aos retrovírus, que se classifica em Linfoma Intestinal de Células T, segundo o esquema da OMS. Os gatos sem infeção retroviral desenvolveram mais linfoma no trato gastrointestinal (p=0,03). Detetou-se uma associação estatística entre a infeção retroviral e o desenvolvimento do Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B (p=0,03) e entre o fenótipo T e o baixo grau do linfoma (p=0,01).
ABSTRACT - Lymphoma is the most common neoplasia reported in cats and represents approximately 1/3 of all tumors in this specie. Feline Leukemia virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) play a direct and indirect role in tumorigenesis. The definitive diagnosis is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Then, lymphoma is classified according to anatomical site (gastrointestinal, mediastinal, nodal and extranodal), grade (low, intermediate and high) and phenotype (B and T). The main goal of this study is to evaluate the association between FeLV and FIV infection and the characteristics of the lymphoma, such as anatomical site, histologic and phenotypic classifications, as well as according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Cats race, age at diagnosis and sex were also evaluated. The sample of this study is composed of 34 cats with histological and phenotypical diagnosis of lymphoma, between 2013 and 2019. The sample was divided in two groups: cats without retroviral infection (n=26); cats with retroviral infection (n=8). The most frequent lymphoma in this study was gastrointestinal lymphoma (19/26; 73,1%), with T phenotype, low grade, without retroviral association, classified as Intestinal T Cell Lymphoma, according to WHO. Cats without retroviral infection developed more frequently gastrointestinal lymphoma (p=0,03). A statistical association between retroviral infection and the development of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (p=0,03) and also between T phenotype and low-grade lymphoma (p=0,01) were detected.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In this work we study existence and multiplicity of non-negative solutions of the nonlinear elliptic problem −div(A(x,∇u)) = λf(x,u) in Ω, u = 0 in ∂Ω where Ω⊂IRN is a bounded domain with smooth boundary∂Ω,λ≥ 0 is a parameter, f :Ω×[0,∞)−→ IR and A :Ω×IRN−→ IRN satisfy the Carathéodory conditions, A is monotone and f satisfies a growth condition. To this end we use the method of Sub and Supersolutions, Topological Degree Theory, simmetry arguments and variational methods.
Neste trabalho estudaremos existência e multiplicidade de soluções não-negativas do problema elíptico não-linear −div(A(x,∇u)) = λf(x,u) em Ω, u = 0 em ∂Ω, Onde Ω ⊂ IRN é um domínio limitado com fronteira∂Ω suave,λ≥ 0 é um parâmetro, f :Ω×[0,∞)−→ IR e A :Ω×IRN−→ IRN satisfazem as condições de Carathéodory, A é monotônico e f satisfaz uma condição de crescimento. Para este fim utilizaremos o método de Sub e Super Soluções, Teoria do Grau Topológico, argumentos de simetria e métodos variacionais.

A produção de caqui no estado de São Paulo vem aumentando, sendo o seu cultivo uma boa alternativa para a diversificação de plantas frutíferas pelos produtores. O conhecimento sobre a fenologia e fixação de frutos das principais cultivares de caquizeiros em clima subtropical é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento de práticas culturais que visam uma boa produção, uma vez que em clima temperado a produção é instável pelas altas quedas fisiológicas de flores e frutos. Para isso avaliou-se o acúmulo de graus-dia em diferentes fases fenológicas das principais cultivares plantadas em São Paulo, em clima Cwa, e o efeito da aplicação de ácido giberélico na fixação dos frutos. Para atingir o ponto de colheita, a cultivar Fuyu necessita, após a poda, um acúmulo de 3650 graus-dia, Giombo e Rama-Forte 4559 graus-dia e Taubaté 4280 graus-dia. A queda fisiológica de frutos das quatro cultivares ocorre em até três meses após a antese, com o acúmulo médio de 2074 graus-dia. No período de queda fisiológica, para as quatro cultivares, há dois picos acentuados de abscisão de frutos, o primeiro após a queda de pétalas, com 298 graus-dia e o segundo 50 dias após a antese, com 913 graus-dia. A aplicação exógena de ácido giberélico incrementa a fixação de frutos de caqui nas cultivares Fuyu, Giombo, Rama-Forte e Taubaté, quando há ensacamento de flores. Para as cultivares Fuyu, Giombo e Rama-Forte a aplicação de 100 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico na florada, aumenta a fixação dos frutos em mais de 20%. Para a cultivar Taubaté a aplicação de 300 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico incrementa a fixação em mais de 30%.
The production of persimmon in the Brazilian state of São Paulo is increasing, as its cultivation is a good alternative for the diversification of fruit plants for farmers. The knowledge about the phenology and fruit set of the main persimmon cultivars in subtropical climates is of great importance to the development of agricultural practices aiming for a good production, as in temperate climates the production is instable due to the large physiological flower and fruit drop. Therefore, the accumulation of degree-days in different phenological phases of the main cultivars planted in São Paulo state, in a Cwa climate, was evaluated, as well as the effect of applying gibberellic acid on the fruit set. To reach the point of harvest, the cultivar Fuyu requires 3650 degree-days after pruning, Giombo and Rama-Forte 4559 degree-days and Taubaté 4280 degree-days. The phenological fruit drop of the four cultivars occurs up to three months after the anthesis, with a mean of 2074 degree-days. In the period of physiological fruit drop of the four cultivars, there are two accentuated peaks of fruit abscission, the first after the drop of petals, with 298 degree-days and the second 50 days after the anthesis, with 913 degree-days. The exogenous application of gibberellic acid increases the fruit set of the persimmons for the cultivars Fuyu, Giombo, Rama-Forte and Taubaté, with flowers being bagged. For the cultivars Fuyu, Giombo and Rama-Forte the application of 100 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid during blooming, increases the fruit set by more than 20%. For the cultivar Taubaté the application of 300 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid increases the fruit set by more than 30%.

La mise en oeuvre de diverses techniques d'analyse des donnees sismologiques des campagnes lithoscope, banjo et seda ont permis d'etudier la structure lithospherique des andes centrales. Dans la premiere partie, nous posons la problematique liee a l'existence des andes centrales et de leur trait le plus remarquable qu'est l'altiplano-puna. Dans la seconde partie, nous mettons en evidence l'existence d'anomalies de propagation des phases regionales pg et lg. Une regionalisation du facteur de qualite moyen q de la croute est effectuee pour cartographier ces anomalies. Cette etude met en evidence les fortes valeurs de l'attenuation dans l'altiplano et a sa bordure est. L'analyse de la dependance frequentielle de q realisee afin d'evaluer l'importance respective de l'absorption anelastique et de la diffraction dans l'attenuation apparente aboutit a la predominance de la diffraction, minimisant la quantite de fusion partielle. La troisieme partie est consacree a la determination de la structure en vitesse des ondes s dans la lithosphere au travers des andes centrales. Cette etude a revele l'existence d'anomalies de vitesse en ondes s dans la croute et dans le manteau. Enfin, nous avons etudie la geometrie du moho par analyse des fonctions recepteurs et nous nous sommes interesses a la propagation des ondes pn en tant que marqueur des variations laterales de la geometrie du moho.

Orientador: Roger Miarka
Resumo: Esta pesquisa, como uma espécie de barco, devém composição que se lança num mar em busca de uma dobra. Uma prega na linha do fora na qual seja possível inventar um dentro habitável e dar passagem a afetos disso que é conhecido por rigor. Um rigor que se relaciona à disciplina de Análise Real, a qual é contemplada numa grande maioria de cursos de licenciatura em Matemática em nosso país. Tal rigor mostra-se discursivamente atrelado a muitas práticas que ocorrem na formação de professores de Matemática, as quais influenciam sobremaneira a forma como licenciandos lidam com a própria graduação e com suas práticas profissionais. Em nossa composição, adotamos uma estética de escrita-fluxo, em que narrativas ficcionais foram compostas tendo como inspiração e suporte vivências experienciadas pelo próprio autor e por toda uma multidão de sujeitos e obras que o circundam e o atravessam, no intuito de construir uma Tese sem Órgãos, ou seja, uma composição desprovida de uma organização prévia. Para tal, estabelecemos alianças teóricas mais estreitas com o pensamento arqueológico de Michel Foucault e com o conceito de Corpo sem Órgãos, de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, bem como consonâncias junto a constelações teóricas que orbitam cada um desses pensadores. Desta maneira, nas linhas rizomáticas compostas a partir de acoplamentos, desacoplamentos e interrupções de fluxo causadas nas e pelas narrativas construídas, foi possível operar nas fissuras e pensar o conceito de Rigor sem Órgãos,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research, as a kind of boat, becomes composition that is launched in a sea in search for a fold. A crease in the line of the outside in which it is possible to invent a habitable inside and and give passage to affections of that which is known as rigor. A rigor that is related to the discipline of Real Analysis, which is included in a large majority of undergraduate courses in Mathematics in our country. Such rigor is shown to be discursively linked to many practices that occur in the formation of mathematics teachers, which greatly influence the way they deal with their own graduation and their professional practices. In our composition, we adopted a flow-writing aesthetic, in which fictional narratives were composed having as inspiration and support experiences experienced by the author himself and by a whole multitude of subjects and works that surround and cross him, in order to build a Thesis without Organs, that is, a composition without prior organization. To this goal, we established closer theoretical alliances with the archaeological thought by Michel Foucault and with the concept of Body without Organs, by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, as well as consonances with theoretical constellations that orbit each of these thinkers. In this way, in the rhizomatic lines composed from couplings, decouplings and interruptions of flow caused in and by the constructed narratives, it was possible to operate in the cracks and think about the concept of Rigor without Orga... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

This thesis, for the first time in the literature, presents an automatic mode-matching system that uses the phase relationships between the residual quadrature and drive signals in a gyroscope to achieve and maintain the frequency matching condition, and also the system allows controlling the system bandwidth by adjusting the closed loop parameters of the sense mode controller, independently from the mechanical sensor bandwidth. There are two mode-matching methods, using the proposed mode-matching system, presented in this thesis. In the first method, the frequency matching between the resonance modes of the gyroscope is automatically accomplished by changing the proof mass potential. The main motivation behind the first method is to tune the sense mode resonance frequency with respect to the drive mode resonance frequency using the electrostatic tuning capability of the sense mode. In the second method, the mode-matched gyroscope operation is accomplished by using dedicated frequency tuning electrodes that only provides a capability of tuning the sense mode resonance frequency generating an electrostatic spring effect on the sense frame, independently from the proof mass potential. This study mainly focuses on the second method because the proof mass potential variation is not desired during the gyroscope operation since the proof mass potential directly affects the drive and sense mode dynamics of the gyroscope. Therefore, a single-mass fully-decoupled gyroscope including the dedicated frequency tuning electrodes are designed. To identify mode shapes and mode frequencies of the designed gyroscope, FEM simulations are performed. The designed gyroscopes are fabricated using SOI-based SOG process. The fabrication imperfections are clarified during the formation of the structural layer of the gyroscope. Next, the closed loop controllers are designed for the drive amplitude control, sense force-feedback, quadrature cancellation, and mode-matching regarding the phase relationship between the quadrature and drive signals. Mode-matching is achieved by using a closed loop controller that provides a DC tuning potential. The mode-matching system consisting of vacuum packaged sensor, drive amplitude control, sense force-feedback, quadrature cancellation, and mode-matching modules is implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB), and then the system level tests are performed. Tests illustrate that the mode-matching system operates in a desired manner. Test results demonstrate that the performances of the studied MEMS gyroscopes are improved up to 2.6 times in bias instability and 2 times in ARW under the mode-matched condition compared to the mismatched (~200 Hz) condition, reaching down to 0.73 °
/hr and 0.024 °
/&radic
hr, respectively. At the mode-matched gyroscope operation, the better performance is obtained to be bias instability of 0.87

Para conquistar espaço e sobreviver no mercado, a inovação é elemento essencial e, por isso, as firmas devem adotar posturas estratégicas para promovê-la. Nesse contexto, a internacionalização apresenta-se como alternativa, pois possibilita acesso a recursos que podem estimular a inovação nas empresas, fator esse que, segundo estudiosos do desenvolvimento econômico, seguidores de Schumpeter (1988), impacta de forma positiva no desenvolvimento da firma (KAFOUROS et al., 2008; FRENZ e IETTO-GILLIES, 2009; FILIPPETTI, FRENZ e IETTO-GILLIES, 2011, 2013). Com isso, estudos voltados ao impacto da internacionalização nas inovações vêm ganhando espaço na literatura internacional, porém, concentrando-se em analisar países desenvolvidos, não abordando as peculiaridades das economias emergentes como o acesso restrito a recursos financeiros, tecnológicos e capacidades gerenciais e a existência de barreiras culturais e técnicas para a inovação e internacionalização. Há, portanto, carência de pesquisas, principalmente pela forte tendência à abertura econômica e aumento da internacionalização das economias emergentes, além do surgimento de empresas atuantes como protagonistas internacionais, competindo com sucesso frente às empresas de países desenvolvidos. Considerando tal contexto, esta dissertação pretende responder à seguinte questão: qual o impacto do grau de internacionalização na inovação em empresas gaúchas e qual a influência da intensidade tecnológica nessa relação? Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o impacto do grau de internacionalização na inovação em empresas gaúchas e a influência da intensidade tecnológica nessa relação. Para isso, foi realizada uma survey com 167 empresas gaúchas exportadoras de manufaturas. Com base nos resultados, há evidências da existência de correlação positiva entre a inovação e o grau de internacionalização, implicando que empresas do Rio Grande do Sul que possuem grau de internacionalização podem ser consideradas inovadoras. Também, evidencia-se nessa pesquisa que o grau de internacionalização comporta-se como variável previsora da inovação, mostrando uma relação direta de impacto para as empresas da amostra. Por fim, os resultados apontam para uma influência positiva da intensidade tecnológica na relação grau de internacionalização – inovação, implicando que, se empresas de diferentes intensidades tecnológicas possuírem mesmo grau de internacionalização, aquela que possuir intensidade tecnológica superior terá uma probabilidade mais elevada de seu grau de internacionalização impactar a inovação, e isso se dará de forma positiva. Quanto às contribuições, no que tange à originalidade incremental, o trabalho apresentará um debate da realidade de países emergentes como o Brasil, levando em consideração as singularidades existentes nesses países, quanto à contribuição científica, este estudo pretende dar um passo a mais na consolidação do relacionamento entre a internacionalização e a inovação, bem como contribuir para com a literatura desse assunto em países emergentes, que está em processo de construção, já no que diz respeito à contribuição prática para gestores, administradores e empreendedores que estão ou desejam ingressar no mercado internacional, este estudo apresentará possíveis impactos dessa ação em temos inovativos, o que pode se refletir em práticas mais eficientes no contexto organizacional.
To conquer space and survive in the market, innovation is essential and, therefore, firms should adopt strategic postures to promote it. In this context, internationalization presents itself as an alternative, as it allows access to resources that can stimulate innovation in enterprises, a factor which, according to scholars of economic development, Schumpeter's followers (1988), impacts positively on the development of the firm (KAFOUROS et al., 2008; FRENZ e IETTO-GILLIES, 2009; FILIPPETTI, FRENZ e IETTO-GILLIES, 2011, 2013). Thus, studies focused on the impact of internationalization on innovations have been gaining ground in the international literature, however, focusing on analyzing developed countries and does not address the peculiarities of emerging economies such as restricted access to financial, technological and managerial capabilities and the existence cultural and technical barriers to innovation and internationalization. Therefore, there is lack of research, mainly by the strong trend towards economic opening and increased of internationalization of emerging economies, plus the emergence of companies operating as international players, competing with success against developed countries. Considering this context, this work aims to answer the following question: what is the impact of the degree of internationalization on innovation in companies of Rio Grande do Sul and the influence of technological intensity in this relationship? Thus, this work aims to determine the impact of degree of internationalization on innovation in companies of Rio Grande do Sul and what is the influence of technological intensity in this relationship? To do this, it was performed a survey of 167 manufactured exporters companies from Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the results, there are evidences of a positive correlation between innovation and the degree of internationalization, implying that the companies of Rio Grande do Sul with degree of internationalization can be considered innovative. Also, it is evident in this study that the degree of internationalization behaves like predictor variable of innovation, showing a direct relationship for the companies in the sample. Finally, the results indicate a positive influence of technological intensity in relation degree of internationalization - innovation, implying that if companies of different technological intensities having the same degree of internationalization, the one with higher technological intensity have a higher probability of their degree internationalization impact innovation and this will positively. As for contributions, with respect to incremental originality, this research presents a discussion of the reality of emerging countries like Brazil, taking into account existing singularities existing in those countries; As for the scientific contribution, this study aims to give a further step in the consolidation of the relationship between internationalization and innovation, as well as contribute to the literature of this subject in emerging countries, which is in the construction process; In what concerns the practical contribution to managers, administrators and entrepreneurs who are or wish to join in the international market, this study presents possible impacts of this action have on innovation, which can be reflected in more efficient practices in the organizational context.

A presente pesquisa investigou a compreensão e as práticas pedagógicas dos professores da Educação Infantil e primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, sobre a construção do número pela criança e como estas concepções e práticas são reconstruídas a partir das experiências em uma formação continuada a distância. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir dos pressupostos teóricos piagetianos da tomada de consciência e fazer e compreender. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas, análise de planejamentos de aulas e registros dos professores no ambiente virtual da formação continuada. A organização e o processamento dos dados foram realizados com o apoio do software NVivo. Para a análise dos dados foram definidas duas categorias, denominadas “Conceito das professoras: Como as crianças aprendem o número? ” e “Atividades realizadas em sala de aula para que as crianças aprendam o número”. As análises realizadas a partir das categorias definidas para este estudo permitiram identificar os conceitos e práticas dos professores sobre a construção do número pela criança, além de conhecer as trajetórias dos docentes na reconstrução destes conceitos e práticas a partir da experiência em um curso a distância. Conclui-se que uma formação que contemple a prática (fazer) e a teoria (compreender) oportuniza aos professores experiências que podem levar à reconstrução de suas práticas pedagógicas através da compreensão das mesmas. Considera-se que os conhecimentos construídos nesta tese contribuem para refletir não só sobre o processo desenvolvido ao longo da formação continuada desenvolvida para este projeto, mas também fornecem subsídios para pensar na implementação de cursos de formação continuada a distância para outros professores e com outros temas.
The present research investigates the understanding and pedagogical practices of the teachers of Early Childhood Education and the first year of Elementary School, about the construction of the number by the child, and how these conceptions and practices are reconstructed from the experiences in a continuing distance education. The study was developed from the theoretical Piagetian assumptions of the awareness, of the to make, and understand. The data were collected from interviews, analysis of lesson plans and teachers' records in the virtual environment of continuing distance education. The organization and processing of the data were performed with the support of NVivo software. For the analysis of the data were defined two categories denominated: Concept of the teachers - How children learn the number? - and Activities held in the classroom for children to learn the number. The analyzes carried out from the categories defined for this study allowed to identify the concepts and practices of the teachers on the construction of the number by the child, besides knowing the trajectories of the teachers in the reconstruction of these concepts and practices from the experience in a continuing distance education course. We conclude that a formation that contemplates the practice (making) and the theory (understanding) gives the teachers experiences that can lead to the reconstruction of their practices through their understanding. It is considered that the knowledge constructed in this thesis contributes to reflect not only on the process developed during the continuing education in this project, but also provides subsidies to think about the implementation of continuing distance education courses for other teachers and other subjects.

Many real-world network data can be formulated as graphs, where a binary relation exists between nodes. One of the fundamental problems in network data analysis is community detection, clustering the nodes into different groups. Statistically, this problem can be formulated as hypothesis testing: under the null hypothesis, there is no community structure, while under the alternative hypothesis, community structure exists. One is of the method is to use the largest eigenvalues of the scaled adjacency matrix proposed by Bickel and Sarkar (2016), which works for dense graph. Another one is the subgraph counting method proposed by Gao and Lafferty (2017a), valid for sparse network. In this paper, firstly, we empirically study the BS or GL methods to see whether either of them works for moderately sparse network; secondly, we propose a subsampling method to reduce the computation of the BS method and run simulations to evaluate the performance.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research aimed to analyze the film Rio, 40 Degrees (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1955) and the mobilization occurring between Brazilian intellectuals after censorship by the colonel and chief of police Geraldo Menezes Cortes. To study this mobilization we analyze texts published in the Brazilian press in the second half of 1955. The sources of this research correspond to the film and the press articles published in that period. An important guiding principle for reflection that we present are the questions raised by Marcelo Ridenti (2000, 2010) about the appreciation of the people in the Brazilian culture and the revolutionary brazilianness. We propose a new analytical bias to think the film as historical and aesthetic document, this bias concerns the aesthetic and ideological project of national-popular. In the case of mobilization that emerged after the censorship of the film, we stated that it gave discussions on film production in Brazil, touting the issues surrounding the early '50s Cinema Congress, the main one, the defense of national cinema. However, the proportions assumed by the mobilization in support of the release of the film, printed a new dynamic in discussions of the Cinema Congress
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o filme Rio, 40 Graus (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1955) e a mobilização surgida entre os intelectuais brasileiros após a sua censura pelo coronel e chefe de polícia Geraldo Menezes Côrtes. Para estudar essa mobilização, analisaremos textos publicados na imprensa brasileira no decorrer do segundo semestre de 1955. As fontes desta pesquisa correspondem ao filme e aos textos da imprensa publicados no referido período. Um eixo norteador importe para a reflexão que apresentamos são as questões trazidas por Marcelo Ridenti (2000, 2010) sobre a valorização do povo na cultura brasileira e a brasilidade revolucionária. Proporemos um novo viés analítico para pensar o filme como documento histórico e estético. Esse viés diz respeito ao projeto estético e ideológico do nacional popular. Tratando-se da mobilização surgida após a censura do filme, afirmaremos que ela proporcionou discussões sobre a produção de filmes no Brasil, agenciando questões presentes nos congressos de cinema de inícios dos anos 50, sendo a principal delas a defesa do cinema nacional. Todavia, as proporções assumidas pela mobilização em defesa da liberação do filme imprimiram uma nova dinâmica nas discussões realizadas nos congressos de cinema

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present study had the purpose of analyzing the historical formation of three academics enrolled in the discipline Physical Education Laboratory II of the second semester of the course of Degree in Physical Education within the representations of the world of life that legitimate the choice for the course and the use of the reflection about the sport in the school together with the influences on the process of professors formation. The methodological choice had its bases on the qualitative model and the assumed form (type) was the case study which had as subject of study three academics of the second semester of the course of Degree in Physical Education of UFSM. We have applied the critical analysis of discourse in order to interpret the information and the critical ethnography for the orientation in the research field of the referred discipline. The research was composed by four stages: 1) ethnographic analyses have been developed through the evidenced thematic after the transcription of the five recorded classes and then they were selected by the similarity of the argumentations during the meetings; 2) the analysis of the life historical of the three academics selected in the ethnography to identify facts and situations relevant to the human movement; the documental analysis of the Pedagogical Politic Project of the course of Degree in Physical Education of UFSM, introduced in 2005, with the purpose of knowing the structure and organization of the disciplines offered by the course during the two first semesters; 4) a collective interview with the three academics in the end of the referred discipline aiming at to provide reflexive discussions by applying the thematic developed on it. We believe that the academics of the course of professors formation in Physical Education are in a continuous process of construction of the identity of learning and teaching that has been experienced during the basic teaching, does not cease from the beginning to the end of the University, goes beyond teaching in the schools, and remains unfinished. We understand that in the course of Degree of the CEFD/UFSM, the thematic transformation of sports and/or the sports and their transformations must has its bases on the objectives of the whole disciplines that address the knowledge about the teaching of sports in spite of being individual or collective. The continuous process of professors formation in the Degree in Physical Education occur through the communicative actions in which we both change and we are changed within a social and cultural cognitive perspective together with our historical formation. We construct ourselves as professionals of education in a commitment with the movement of self-reflection in the critic to the systemic elements that continuously invade the world of life. Keywords: Degree in Physical Education; World of
Neste estudo objetivamos analisar a constituição histórica de três acadêmicos, matriculados na disciplina Laboratório de Educação Física II do segundo semestre do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UFSM, nas representações do mundo da vida que legitimam a escolha do curso e o uso da reflexão sobre o esporte na escola, juntamente com as influências sobre o processo na formação de professores. A opção metodológica teve como base o modelo qualitativo e forma assumida (tipo) de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso, que teve como objeto de estudo três acadêmicos do segundo semestre do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UFSM na referida disciplina. Para tanto, utilizamos a análise crítica do discurso como interpretação das informações e a etnografia crítica para os direcionamentos no campo de investigação na disciplina observada. A investigação foi composta por quatro etapas: 1) as análises etnográficas foram realizadas através de temáticas evidenciadas, após a transcrição das cinco aulas gravadas, e estas foram selecionadas pela semelhança das argumentações nos encontros; 2) a análise da história de vida dos três acadêmicos, selecionados na etnografia, para identificar fatos e situações relevantes sobre o movimento humano; 3) a análise documental do Projeto Político Pedagógico do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UFSM, implantado em 2005, com o propósito de conhecermos a organização e estrutura das disciplinas oferecidas pelo curso nos dois primeiros semestres; e 4) uma entrevista coletiva com os três acadêmicos ao final da referida disciplina com o propósito de proporcionar diálogos reflexivos utilizando as temáticas nela desenvolvidas. Acreditamos que os Acadêmicos do curso de formação de professores em Educação Física encontram-se em processo de construção da identidade do aprender e do ensinar, que foi vivenciado na Educação Básica e não se esgota do começo ao término do Ensino Superior, segue para além da docência nas escolas, permanentemente inconcluso. Compreendemos que, no curso de Licenciatura do CEFD/UFSM a temática transformação dos esportes e/ou os esportes e suas transformações deve estar pautado nos objetivos de todas as disciplinas que direcionam os conhecimentos sobre o ensino dos esportes, independente de ser individual ou coletivo. O processo permanente da formação de professores na Licenciatura em Educação Física ocorre nas ações comunicativas, na qual transformamos e somos transformados numa perspectiva cognitiva, social e cultural, juntamente com nossa constituição histórica. Construímo-nos como profissionais da educação em um compromisso com o movimento de auto-reflexão na crítica aos elementos sistêmicos que incessantemente invadem o mundo da vida.

Bakgrund: Grad II-bristningar är vanligt förekommande efter vaginal förlossning och kan medföra komplikationer. Svenska myndigheter och föreningar rapporterar brister i eftervården av förlossningsbristningar. Forskning kring kvinnors erfarenheter av eftervård efter uppkommen grad II-bristning är begränsad.  Syfte: Att undersöka kvinnors erfarenhet av eftervård vid uppkommen grad II-bristning. Metod: Strukturerade telefonintervjuer med öppna frågor genomfördes. Femton kvinnor deltog. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats.  Resultat: I resultatet framkommer tre huvudkategorier: ”Stöd postpatum”, ”När eftervården brister” och ”Eftervårdens förändring”. Kvinnornas erfarenheter av eftervården efter uppkommen grad II-bristning är överlag positiva och resultatet visar att eftervården har förbättrats de senaste åren. Kvinnorna tenderar dock att vara otrygga under läkningsprocessen och osäkra på vart de ska vända sig för att få hjälp.  Slutsats: Studiens resultat indikerar att eftervården behöver utvecklas och bygga på bekräftelse och delaktighet. Kvinnorna behöver tydlig information efter uppkommen grad II-bristning eftersom de saknar kunskap. Det finns brister i eftervården under läkningsprocessen och kvinnorna är i behov av en tydlig vårdkedja. Bäckenbottenmottagningen ger kvinnorna en given instans att vända sig till och har en betydande roll i eftervården av grad II-bristningar.
Background: Second degree perineal tears after vaginal childbirth is common and can lead to complications. Swedish authorities and associations report shortage in the postpartum care after perineal trauma. Research about postpartum care after a second degree perineal tear is limited. Aim: To explore women´s experiences of postpartum care in the event of a second degree perineal tear. Method: Data was collected through structured phone interviews with open-ended questions. Fifteen women participated. Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied to the data. Outcome: The result shows three main categories: ”Support postpartum”, ”When aftercare fails” and ”The change of aftercare”. Women’s experiences of post partum care after the onset of a second degree perineal tear are generally positive and the results show that the post partum care has improved in recent years. However, women tend to be insecure during the healing process and unsure of where to turn for help. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that post partum care needs to be developed and based on confirmation and participation. The women need clear information after the onset of a second degree perineal tear because they lack knowledge. There are shortcomings in the post partum care during the healing process and women are in need of a distinct care chain. The pelvic floor clinic gives women a given instance to turn to and has a significant role in the post partum care of a second degree perineal tear.

Titel: “You can tell us and we will listen, but it is not certain that it is you who makes the final decision” A study about the best interest of the child and the child´s participation in high-conflict families in custody investigations from a family law socialworkers point of view.   This study examined how four social workers at municipal social service section responsible for family law issues interpret the concepts of children's best interests, the child's participation and high conflict families concerning issues of child custody investigations, from a qualitative perspective. The study was performed using semi-structured interviews based on fictitious case studies on these themes. The main results regarding the child's best interest was the perceived lack of accepted knowledge base to assess the current interests of the child and the presence and severity of various risks children may face in the company of their parents. The main results regarding the child's involvement was, according to the interviewed social workers at the municipal social service section responsible for family law issues, that they generally follow the National Social Board of legislative interpretations and recommendations but that the protection aspect outweight the expense of the degree of participation of the child. The conclusion was in accordance with the indication from children's rights organizations the children will often be heard but do not always get their views listened to. The concept high- conflict families was not an established concept, even if the problem was well known.
Denna studie undersökte hur fyra familjerättssekreterare tolkar begreppen barns bästa, barnets delaktighet och högkonfliktfamiljer gällande umgängesfrågor i vårdnadsutredningar utifrån ett kvalitativt perspektiv. Studien gjordes med hjälp semistrukturerade intervjuer som byggde på fiktiva fallstudier kring dessa teman. Ett huvudresultat utifrån intervjuerna gällande barnets bästa var att det saknas vedertagen kunskapsbas att utgå ifrån för att bedöma förekomsten och allvaret i de olika risker barnet kan utsättas för i umgänget med sina föräldrar. Ett tydligt resultat gällande barnets delaktighet var utifrån de intervjuade familjerättssekreterare att familjerätten generellt följer Socialstyrelsens lagtolkningar och rekommendationer men att skyddsaspekten ofta väger över på bekostnad av graden av delaktighet för barnet. Slutsatsen blev att precis som barnrättsorganisationer uppgett, får barnen ofta komma till tals men blir inte alltid lyssnade på och deras synpunkter underordnas ofta ett vuxet barnperspektiv. Begreppet högkonfliktfamilj var inte ett använt begrepp bland familjerättssekreterare, även om problematiken var välkänd.

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This study aims to provide a predictive model of degree of adaptation required for the entry of a particular product in a particular target market, pointing to a position on a continuum of standardization / adaptation based on the contingency view particularly Jain, through the analysis of relationship indicators formed from secondary data and public access. To achieve this goal, a theoretical review pointed constructs not only Internationalization, but Organizational Psychology, and the Cultural Distance Hofstede, the gravitational theory proposed by authors such as Retail Reiley, Converse Huff and that should be integrated in a formative model predicting the degree of adaptation of the International Offering. The resulting theoretical model from the literature review was put to the test with data obtained from secondary databases as the Best Global Brands Ranking, GMID - Euromonitor and Global UN HDI and compared to data obtained using the Delphi method, in which 18 judges internationalization experts judged ex -post adjustment of 48 cases, 7 products in 6 countries over 1 item in only 6 of the 7 countries, by means of Partial Least Squares method - Structural Equation Modeling. The results point to a model with a high degree of prediction, with significance, after removing the bookmark Monetary Value of Brand originally proposed theoretical model. The final model, however can not be generalized because the study investigated some representative group of the population, but offers prospects for expansion of research is the expansion of the sample and the databases used either by the method of regression analysis in Multilevel function of the multi-stage characteristic of the sample.
Este estudo objetiva oferecer um modelo preditivo de grau de adaptação necessária para a entrada de um determinado produto em um determinado mercado-alvo, apontando uma posição em um contínuo de padronização/ adaptação baseado na visão contingencialista, principalmente de Jain, por meio da análise da relação de indicadores formados a partir de dados secundários e de acesso público. Para atingir esse objetivo, uma revisão teórica apontou constructos não só de Internacionalização, mas de Psicologia Organizacional, como a Distância Cultural de Hofstede, da Teoria Gravitacional do Varejo proposto por autores como Reiley, Converse e Huff que deveriam se integrar em um modelo formativo de predição do Grau de Adaptação da Oferta Internacional. O modelo teórico resultante da revisão da literatura foi posto à prova com dados obtidos de bases de dados secundários como o Ranking Best Global Brands, GMID Euromonitor e IDH global da ONU e confrontados com dados obtidos por meio do método Delphi, no qual 18 juízes especialistas em internacionalização julgaram ex-post, a adaptação de 48 casos, 7 produtos em 6 países mais 1 produto em somente 6 dos 7 países, por meio do método Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Os resultados apontaram para um modelo com alto grau de predição, com significância, após a retirada do indicador Valor Monetário da Marca do modelo teórico originalmente proposto. O modelo final, entretanto não pode ser generalizado pois a pesquisa investigou um grupo pouco representativo da população, mas oferece perspectivas de ampliação da pesquisa seja pela ampliação da amostra e das bases de dados utilizados, seja por meio do método de análise de Regressão Multinível em função da característica multi-estágio da amostra.

Introdução: a busca por qualificação e desenvolvimento tecnológico é um indicador de prosperidade de uma nação. A educação é um componente fundamental para o progresso econômico e social. Mesmo países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, colaboram continuamente com o progresso da ciência e da tecnologia mundial por meio da produção de conhecimento e aperfeiçoamento profissional. A pós-graduação estrito senso abre o caminho para esta escalada evolutiva. Mesmo com as dificuldades econômicas, a pós-graduação em níveis de mestrado e doutorado tem viabilizado este progresso. Embora muito tenha sido feito para alavancar o alastramento de programas de pós-graduação, ainda há uma carência de meios para avaliar e para mensurar a evolução dos egressos. Esta é a motivação deste estudo, que objetiva compreender a trajetória e a contribuição dos Doutores formados pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Medicas (PPGCM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Objetivo: Construir um índice de desempenho acadêmico e inserção profissional dos doutores egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal. Foram coletados dados dos alunos egressos de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, no período compreendido de 1987 a 2014. A estratégia usada para localizar os membros desta amostra foi o nome dos egressos obtido nos registros do PPGCM. A partir destes, foram acessados currículos modelo Lattes, disponível na base de dados de aceso público do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Visando proteger os dados dos egressos, foram extraídos apenas os dados pertinentes a sua origem, curso de graduação e de mestrado, produção intelectual, inserção acadêmica e a posição profissional. Resultados: foram analisados 324 doutores egressos. Deste total, 221 eram graduados em Medicina. Para obtenção do efeito independente no índice de produção qualificada o escore do mesmo foi ajustado usando um modelo de regressão linear múltipla hierárquico. O coeficiente de determinação (R2) demonstra que a proporção variância explicada pelas variáveis incluídas no modelo foi de 99%. As variáveis com maior contribuição na construção deste índice foram: graduação em medicina, vínculo laboral em universidade pública, exercer atividade como orientador em nível de doutorado ou de mestrado, ser bolsista de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq e possuir registro do índice H no Currículo Lattes. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que os egressos produzem conhecimento qualificado, atestado pela sua disseminação em jornais de circulação internacional, formação de recursos humanos. No global conclui-se que os egressos em nível de doutorado do PPGCM possuem capacidade para interagir e criar parcerias em seu ambiente de trabalho e repassar o conhecimento, bem como para fomentar o conhecimento na área das ciências médicas com relevância regional, nacional e internacional.
Introduction: the search for qualification and technological development is a prosperity indicator of a nation. Education is a fundamental component of economic and social progress. Even though the Brazil is a developing country, our nation continuously collaborates with world science and with technological advances in the production of knowledge. In addition, the Brazil contributes to professional development. The graduation provides the way for this progressive knowledge pool. Despite the economic difficulties, graduates in doctoral levels have taken part in this advancement. Although much has been done to stimulate the creation of master and doctoral programs, there is an insufficient assessment of what happens to the graduates. Aim: To assess the track and the contribution of Doctors formed by the Graduate Program in Medicine Medical Sciences (PPGCM), Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from doctoral graduate students of the PPGCM from 1987 to 2014. The strategy used to locate the graduate students was their names and the curriculum vitae in the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) CV Lattes Portal, an open public database. Only relevant data to this study were retrieved: origin, undergraduate and master's degree, intellectual production, academic integration and professional position. Results: The study included 324 graduated doctors. Of this total, 221 were graduated in Medicine. A hierarchical multiple linear regression model was used to identify the independent effect of variables on the H-index score. The variables graduation in medicine, to work in a public university and execute activity as the doctoral mentor, CNPq research scholarship, and an H-index record in CV Lattes. Conclusion: Our results show that graduates are qualified for the construction of qualified knowledge disseminated in international scientific journals, human resources training (master and doctor titles), interact and create international collaboration nets, in medical sciences with regional, national and international relevance.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Sol compaction effects on soil and plants has been subject of several studies. However, several parameters are used to evaluate soil compaction like bulk density and soil penetration resistance, but these parameters are dependent of soil type and moisture, therefore, the study of a parameter that could compare the different soils would facilitate the soil compaction studies. This work was divided in four chapters. In the first chapter the objective was to evaluate some physical-mechanical parameters of Alfisols and Oxisols submitted to different tillages. Six soils from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were collected, with clay content varying from 100 to 650 g kg-1. The core samples were collected from 0.08-0.13 m layer, equilibrated to the tension of 33 kPa and submitted to uniaxial compression test with application of successive and static loads. Based on the vertical displacement measured in the consolidometer after application of each load, were evaluated initial (Dsi) and final (Dsf) bulk density, deformation (Def), initial saturation degree (Gsi), initial volumetric moisture (qvi), pre compression stress (sp) and compression index (Cc) by Casagrande s method. Results indicated that managements with larger compaction presented smaller deformation and susceptibility to compaction; managements with recent revolviment of soil presented larger displacement from their compression curves, showing larger susceptibility to compaction; the Oxisol with larger clay content, due ability to retain more water in determined tension and due larger susceptibility to compaction, need to be more careful with traffic of machines than sandy soils. The second chapter aimed to study some physical properties of Alfisols and Oxisols from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, submitted to different tillages and its influence on root growth and soybean yield. R esults showed larger densities in the approximate depth of 0.10 m and the penetration resistance do not appear in layers with uniform resistance, are spaces with larger and smaller resistance; the root evaluation, even visually, it is a good indicative of the soil physical condition and the bulk density and penetration resistance, if appraised with moisture near field capacity, are good indicators of the soil for plant development; crop yield was associated to soil physical conditions. The third chapter had as objective evaluate the effect of the particles size and tillage in the degree of compactness and to verify the best pressure to obtain the reference bulk density. Six soils of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, submitted to different tillages were collected, with clay content varying from 100 to 650 g kg-1. For determination of the bulk density core samples were collected from layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20, 0.20-0.25 and 0.25-0.30 m and for evaluation of the reference bulk density core samples were collected in the layer of 0.08-0.13 m. For determination of the reference bulk density samples were equilibrated to the tension of 33 kPa and submitted to the uniaxial compression test, with application in each soil sample only one load of 200, 400, 800, 1600 kPa and 3200 kPa. It was also obtained the soil compression curve with application of successive loads in each soil sample to compare the results obtained with the samples that was applied only one load. They were evaluated also the macroporosity and soil penetration resistance, yield and root development of soybean. In agreement with the obtained results, the load of 1600 kPa was the best pressure to obtain the reference bulk density in the uniaxial compression test using core samples, independent if applying just the load of 1600 kPa or from the load of 1600 kPa of the soil compression curve; the largest soybean yield was obtained with degree of compactness of 82% for Alfisols and 85% for Oxisols and the degree of compactness was a good indicator of the physical conditions of the soil, presenting good relationship with soil penetration resistance, macroporosity, root growth and soybean yield; the degree of compactness looks like independent from particle size, based especially in the results of crop yield and macroporosity in function of degree of compactness. The fourth chapter aimed to study the effect of different compaction states on the soil physical properties and growth and yield of soybean, corn and wheat. An experiment was set in the Cooperativa Regional Tritícola Serrana Ltda (COTRIJUÍ) , Ijuí city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in an Oxisol. The completely randomized experimental design was used, in a bifactorial with split plots, with three repetitions. The main plots had three compaction states (PDC no tillage during six years + four passes of a machine with mass of 10 Mg in the agricultural year 2003/2004; PD no tillage during six years; Escarif no tillage during six years + chisel and harrowing in the agricultural year 2003/2004) and the split plots had soybean and corn. The soil physical properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, bulk density and soil penetration resistance) and development and yield of soybean, corn and wheat were measured. The results showed that the additional compaction presented increment of the soil resistance to penetration until the depth of 0.12 m; soil compaction influenced negatively soil physical properties; soybean and wheat were sensitive to compaction, soybean and corn had reduced heights and the wheat and soybean had their root system reduced length, for the additional compaction; soil compaction affected crop yield of corn, soybean and wheat, been the larger yields verified in no tillage and the smaller in treatments with additional compaction; the larger wheat yield was observed in the succession with soybean
A compactação do solo é tema de vários estudos que visam avaliar seus efeitos no solo e na planta. Vários parâmetros são utilizados para avaliar a compactação do solo, como densidade do solo e resistência à penetração, mas esses parâmetros são dependentes do tipo e da umidade do solo; portanto, o estudo de parâmetros que comparam diferentes solos facilita o estudo sobre compactação do solo. Este trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo o objetivo foi avaliar alguns parâmetros físico-mecânicos de Argissolos e Latossolos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de manejo. Foram coletados seis solos do Rio Grande do Sul, com granulometria variando, aproximadamente, entre 100 a 650 g kg-1 de argila. As amostras com estrutura preservada foram coletadas na profundidade de 0,08-0,13 m e equilibradas à tensão de 33 kPa, e submetidas ao teste de compressão uniaxial com aplicação de cargas sucessivas e estáticas. Baseado no deslocamento vertical medido no consolidômetro após a aplicação de cada carga foram avaliados a densidade do solo inicial (Dsi) e final (Dsf), deformação (Def), grau de saturação inicial (Gsi), umidade volumétrica inicial (qvi), e pressão de pré-consolidação (sp) e índice de compressão (Cc) determinados pelo método de Casagrande. Os resultados indicaram que manejos com maior estado de compactação inicial apresentaram menor deformação e menor suscetibilidade do solo à compactação; sistemas de manejo com revolvimento do solo recente apresentaram maior deslocamento de suas curvas de compressão, mostrando maior suscetibilidade à compactação; o Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, pela capacidade de reter mais água a uma determinada tensão e pela maior suscetibilidade à compactação, necessita de maior cuidado com o tráfego de máquinas do que solos arenosos. O segundo capítulo objetivou estudar algumas propriedades físicas de Argissolos e Latossolos do Rio Grande do Sul submetidos a diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo e suas influências no crescimento radicular e rendimento da cultura da soja. Os resultados mostraram que independente do solo e manejo, de modo geral as maiores densidades foram encontradas na profundidade aproximada de 0,10 m; os níveis de resistência do solo à penetração não se apresentam em camadas uniformes, ocorrem espaços de maior e menor resistência; a densidade do solo e a resistência à penetração se avaliada com umidade próxima à capacidade de campo, mostraram-se bons indicadores do solo para desenvolvimento da planta e a avaliação do sistema radicular, mesmo que apenas visual, é um bom indicativo da condição física do solo; o rendimento esteve associado às condições físicas dos solos. O terceiro capítulo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da textura e do manejo do solo no grau de compactação e verificar a melhor pressão para se obter a densidade referência. Foram coletados seis solos do Rio Grande do Sul submetidos à condições de manejo distintas, com granulometria, aproximadamente, entre 100 e 650 g kg-1 de argila. Para a determinação da densidade do solo foram coletadas amostras com estrutura preservada nas camadas de 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,15; 0,15-0,20; 0,20-0,25 e 0,25-0,30 m e para avaliação da densidade referência foram coletadas amostras com estrutura preservada na camada de 0,08-0,13 m. Para a determinação da densidade referência, as amostras foram equilibradas à tensão de 33 kPa e submetidas ao teste de compressão uniaxial, com aplicação em cada amostra de solo carga única de 200, 400, 800, 1600 kPa e 3200 kPa. Também foi obtida a curva de compressão do solo com aplicação de cargas sucessivas em cada amostra de solo para poder comparar os resultados obtidos com as amostras em que foi aplicada carga única. Foram avaliados também a macroporosidade e a resistência do solo à penetração, e o crescimento radicular e o rendimento da cultura da soja. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a carga de 1600 kPa foi a melhor pressão para se obter a densidade referência no teste de compressão uniaxial utilizando amostras de solo com estrutura preservada, independente de ser obtida de aplicação de carga única ou da curva de compressão do solo; o maior rendimento da soja é obtido com grau de compactação, em média de 82% para os Argissolos e 85% para os Latossolos; o grau de compactação mostrou-se um bom indicador das condições físicas do solo, apresentando boa relação com rendimento da cultura da soja, resistência à penetração, macroporosidade e desenvolvimento radicular; o grau de compactação parece ser independente da ranulometria do solo, baseado principalmente nos resultados de rendimento e macroporosidade em função do grau de compactação. O quarto capítulo objetivou estudar o efeito de diferentes condições de compactação sobre as propriedades físicas do solo e crescimento e rendimento das culturas soja, milho e trigo. Para isso, foi conduzido um experimento no campo tecnológico da Cooperativa Regional Tritícola Serrana Ltda (COTRIJUÍ), município de Ijuí (RS), em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em um bifatorial com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, tendo nas parcelas principais três estados de compactação (PDC - Plantio direto há seis anos que recebeu compactação adicional por quatro passadas de máquina com massa de 10 Mg no ano agrícola 2003/2004; PD - Plantio direto há seis anos; Escarif - Plantio direto há seis anos, sendo escarificado e gradeado no ano agrícola 2003/2004) e nas subparcelas as culturas de verão soja e milho e trigo no inverno. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas do solo macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração e o crescimento e rendimento das culturas soja, milho e trigo. Os resultados mostraram que a compactação adicional apresentou incremento da resistência do solo à penetração até a profundidade de 0,12 m e afetou negativamente as propriedades físicas do solo; as culturas milho, soja e trigo foram sensíveis à compactação, tendo a altura das culturas soja e milho e comprimento radicular das culturas soja e trigo, reduzidos pela compactação adicional; a compactação do solo influenciou o rendimento das culturas soja, milho e trigo, sendo os maiores rendimentos verificados no plantio direto e os menores no tratamento com compactação adicional, e o maior rendimento do trigo foi observado na sucessão com soja

Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo compreender quais são as determinantes do crescimento económico da República Islâmica do Irão no período decorrente de 1955 a 2014. Pretende-se, ainda, averiguar se as sanções direcionadas ao país e desencadeadas em consequência de incumprimentos ao nível do programa nuclear iraniano tiveram um impacto significativo no crescimento económico do Irão. Foi utilizado um modelo econométrico de dados temporais. Os resultados revelaram que a despesa pública tem um efeito negativo no crescimento económico e que o capital humano é significativo apenas numa das equações estimadas. O grau de abertura é bastante significativo com um efeito positivo no crescimento económico e o aumento da inflação tem uma influência negativa. Os resultados sugerem, também, que o aumento das exportações petrolíferas não influencia significativamente o crescimento económico do Irão. O estudo não confirma o efeito negativo esperado para a variável sanções. Uma explicação possível para este resultado prende-se com o fato de ter sido só nos anos 2011 e 2012 que as sanções afetaram significativamente as exportações petrolíferas. Uma outra variável que contraria o sinal esperado é a taxa de fertilidade que apresenta um sinal positivo. As duas variáveis relativas ao investimento (Formação Bruta de Capital Fixo e Investimento Directo Estrangeiro) não são estatisticamente significativas, assim como a taxa de população. Por fim, a variável que diz respeito à instabilidade política tem um impacto negativo no crescimento económico.
This dissertation aims to understand what are the determinants of economic growth of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the period from 1955 to 2014. Another purpose is to determine whether the sanctions targeting the country and triggered as a result of defaults related to the Iranian nuclear program significantly impacted the economic growth of Iran. It was used an econometric model of temporal data. The results revealed that public spending has a negative effect on economic growth and that human capital is significant only in one of the estimated equations. The degree of openness is significant with a positive effect on economic growth and rising inflation has a negative influence. The results also suggest that the increase in oil exports do not significantly influence the economic growth of Iran. The study does not confirm the negative effect expected for the variable Sanções. One possible explanation for this result is related to the fact that only the sanctions of the years 2011 and 2012significantly affected the oil exports in the following years. Another variable that contradicts the expected signal is the fertility rate that presents a positive sign. The two variables related to investment (gross fixed capital formation and foreign direct investment) are not statistically significant, as well as the population rate. Finally, the variable with respect to political instability has a negative impact on economic growth.

A presente dissertação investiga as contribuições da interdisciplina Representação do Mundo pela Matemática para a prática pedagógica dos docentes do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia - modalidade a distância, da UFRGS, com fundamentação na concepção epistemológica piagetiana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada no Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, na modalidade a distância (PEAD) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O curso destina-se à formação em pedagogia de professores leigos de Escolas Públicas do Rio Grande do Sul. A análise foi realizada a partir do levantamento dos registros, nos diversos ambientes virtuais da interdisciplina Representação do Mundo pela Matemática, observações de aulas e entrevistas de alunas do polo de Sapiranga. A organização e o processamento dos dados foram realizados com o uso do software NVivo8. Para a análise dos dados foram definidas quatro categorias orientadas pelo referencial teórico e pela leitura das produções das professoras-alunas, denominadas Contextualização com a realidade do sujeito e com a vida cotidiana, Atividades Cooperativas, Conexões entre temas matemáticos e outras disciplinas e Utilização de Materiais Concretos. Os resultados do estudo mostram que os pressupostos teóricos do curso sobre como os alunos aprendem matemática foram compreendidos, ainda que em níveis diferenciados e incorporados à prática pedagógica dessas alunas-professoras o que lhes permitiu desenvolver práticas voltadas ao favorecimento da construção do conhecimento, superando a ideia que a matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental se resuma a fazer contas e decorar algoritmos.
This study investigates the contributions of interdisciplinary representation of the world in mathematics for the pedagogical practice of teachers in the Bachelor's Degree in Education - distance mode, from UFRGS, with reasons in Piaget's epistemological conception. This is a qualitative survey conducted in the Degree in Education in distance mode from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The course is intended for the training of lay teachers teaching in public schools in Rio Grande do Sul. The analysis was based on the survey of records in different virtual environments of the discipline Representation of the World in Mathematics, classroom observations and interviews of female students from Polo Sapiranga. The organization and data processing were performed using the software NVivo8. For the analysis of the data defined four categories were guided by theoretical reference and by reading the productions of the teachers-students, called Background on the subject's reality and everyday life, Cooperative Activities, connections between mathematical topics and other disciplines and Use of Concrete Materials. The study results show that the theoretical underpinnings of the course were incorporated into the pedagogical practice of teachers enabling them to reframe, albeit at different levels, their views about how students learn mathematics, developing a work that is concerned with the need for interaction students' and attention to thinking, showing that mathematics is not just to count and memorize algorithms.

Today’s telecommunication cabinets use Electro Magnetic Compliance (EMC) screens in order to reduce electromagnetic noise that can cause some miss functions in electronic equipment. Many radio base stations (RBSs) use a 90-degree building architecture: the flow inlet is perpendicular to the EMC screen, which creates a complex flow, with a 90-degree air turn, expansions, compressions, perforated plates and PCBs. It is of great interest to study how the EMC screen interacts with the rest of components and analyze the total pressure drop and how much the flow pattern changes due to the placement of the screen. Velocity, pressure and temperature measurements as well as flow pattern visualizations have been carried out to gain good insight into the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a subrack model of an RBS. Furthermore, these measurements have been very useful for validating detailed CFD models and evaluating several turbulence models. Nowadays, industrial competition has caused a substantial decrease in the time-to-market of products. This fact makes the use of compact models in the first stages of the design process of vital importance. Accurate and fast compact models can to a great extent decrease the time for design, and thus for production. Hence, to determine the correlations between the pressure drop and flow pattern on the PCBs as a function of the geometry and the Reynolds number, based on a detailed CFD parametric study, was one objective. Furthermore, the development of a compact model using a porous media approach (using two directional-loss coefficients) has been accomplished. Two correlations of these directional loss coefficients were found as a function of the geometry and Reynolds number.
QC 20100630

Em estudos recentes, a epistasia tem sido detectada no controle genético de caracteres quantitativos em diversas espécies. Dado o grande número de locos controlando um único caráter, é evidente que ocorram interações inter-alélicas, além de pleiotropia, que resulta do controle de mais de um caráter por um mesmo loco. Também tem sido reportada a presença de epistasia pleiotrópica em animais, que basicamente resulta do efeito da epistasia sobre locos pleiotrópicos ou sobre múltiplos caracteres, afetando a correlação genética entre esses. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a análise genética de diversos caracteres de importância econômica e agronômica em milho, incluindo estimativas de componentes de variância genética e presença de efeitos epistáticos em ambientes com e sem estresse hídrico; e estimativas de epistasia pleiotrópica. Para isso foi utilizado o delineamento triple test cross (TTC), obtendo-se 300 progênies de retrocruzamentos que foram avaliadas em oito ambientes nos anos agrícolas de 2008/2009 e 2009/2010, na cidade de Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil. Ao longo da condução dos experimentos observou-se a ocorrência de déficit hídrico, de modo que os ambientes foram divididos em dois grupos (sem estresse - SE e com estresse - CE). Avaliou-se os caracteres da planta: dias para os florescimentos masculino (FM) e feminino (FF), intervalo entre florescimentos (IF), altura da planta (AP) e espiga (AE), posição relativa da espiga (PRE), acamamento e quebramento de plantas (ACQ), stay green (SG); produção de grãos (PG) e seus componentes de produção: número de fileiras (NF), número de grãos por fileira (NGF), peso de 300 grãos (P300), comprimento de grãos (CG) e prolificidade (PRO). Foram realizadas análises de variâncias individuais para cada ambiente; análises conjuntas de ambientes; e análises conjuntas de grupos, das quais estimaram-se as variâncias aditiva, de dominância, epistática e suas respectivas interações com ambiente; o grau médio de dominância, coeficientes de herdabilidade em nível de médias de progênies e em nível de parcelas e também os efeitos epistáticos em plantas F2. Também foram feitas análises de covariâncias considerando todos os caracteres combinados dois a dois, tendo sido estimados os coeficientes de correlações. A epistasia foi detectada para a maioria dos caracteres nos dois grupos, exceto ACQ, IF, SG e CG, no grupo SE; e ACQ, CG e PRO, no grupo CE. Porém não foi detectada interação epistasia x ambiente em nenhum dos grupos e a interação epistasia x grupos só foi detectada para IF. Os efeitos epistáticos em plantas F2 para PG variaram de -3,03 t ha-1 a 5,13 t ha-1 no grupo SE e -1,94 t ha-1 a 2,87 t ha-1 no grupo CE, mas não foram detectadas altas magnitudes dos coeficientes de correlações entre esses efeitos e as médias gerais dos retrocruzamentos. Foram detectados coeficientes de correlações epistáticas para 29,67% das combinações, indicando a presença de epistasia pleiotrópica entre caracteres. Observou-se a formação de agrupamentos entre caracteres relacionados. Em vista desses resultados, a epistasia se constituiu num componente importante no controle dos caracteres analisados, sugerindo ainda que a epistasia pleiotrópica possa ser responsável pelas interações complexas no genoma.
In recent studies, epistasis has been considered in genetic control of quantitative traits in several species. Due to a large number of loci controlling a single trait, it is evident that inter allele interactions occur in addition to pleiotropy, which results in the control of more than one trait by the same locus. Besides, the presence of pleiotropy, epistasis has been reported in animals, which basically result from the effect of epistasis on pleiotropic loci or on multiple traits, affecting the genetic correlation between them. Thus, the objective of this research was to do genetic analysis of several traits of economic and agronomic importance in maize, including estimates of genetic variance components and the presence of epistatic effects in environments with and without water stress; and estimates of pleiotropic epistasis. For this, the triple test cross (TTC) design was used to obtain 300 backcrosses progenies, which were evaluated in eight environments in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 agricultural seasons, in Piracicaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. During the conduction of the experiments, the occurrence of water deficit was observed, so that the environments were divided into two groups (without stress - WS and with stress - SS). The traits evaluated were: days to anthesis (DA), days to silking (DS), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), ear placement (EP), root and stalk lodging (PL) and stay green (SG), grain yield (GY), kernel rows (KR), kernels per row (KPR), 300-grain weight (300W), kernel depth (KD) and prolificacy (PRO). Individual analysis of variances were performed for each environment; joint analysis of environments; and joint analysis of groups, from which additive, dominance and epistatic variances and their respective interactions with the environment were estimated; besides average degree of dominance, heritability coefficients at level of half-sib progenies and at plots level; also epistatic effects in F2 plants were estimated. Covariance analyses were also performed considering all pairs of traits, two by two, and the correlation coefficients were estimated. Epistasis was detected for most traits in both groups except to PL, ASI, SG and KD, in WS group; and PL, KD, and PRO, in SS group. However, no epistasis x environment interaction was detected in any group and epistasis x group interaction was detected only to ASI. Epistatic effects on F2 plants were detected to GY, oscillating from -3.03 t/ha to 5.13 t/ha in WS group and from -1.94 t/ha to 2.87 t/ha in SS group. However, high magnitudes of correlation coefficients between these F2 epistatic effects and averages of backcrosses were not detected. Epistatic correlation coefficients were detected for 29.67% of pairs of traits, indicating the presence of pleiotropic epistasis. The formation of clusters was observed between related traits. In view of these results, epistasis was considered an important component in the control of traits analyzed, furthermore suggesting that pleiotropic epistasis may be responsible for complex interactions in the genome.

In today’s technological environment, organizational capabilities for managing change are regarded as important for business survival and growth. In particular, dynamic organizational capabilities have attracted considerable research interest over the past decade. Recently several studies have suggested that dynamic capabilities may be associated with a concept termed organizational fitness. What is not clear in this emerging research stream is whether firms with superior organizational fitness are more likely to prosper than unfit firms. In addition, relatively little attention has been directed toward creating a systemic model of dynamic capabilities that explains organizational fitness. The nature of fitness has been intensively debated in the biological sciences over a period of several decades. A confusing variety of fitness definitions have emerged from this literature. The lack of an agreed definition of fitness has resulted in several streams of research on organizational fitness. As a result of this fragmentation, there has been little progress toward answering the question of how to measure organizational fitness. The fragmentation in organizational fitness literature is problematic, because research into the relationship between organizational fitness and firm performance is not well-advanced. In this study, organizational fitness is defined in terms of organizational capability to produce variation. By defining fitness in this way, the tautological criticisms leveled against existing concepts of fitness are avoided. The definition of fitness proposed here accommodates both an evolutionary learning perspective and a perspective of strategic management, and thus reflects an integrative approach to the concept. A notable feature of the literature exploring organizational fitness is that it has been focused on large corporations. However, a growing body of literature suggests that SMEs are different from large firms and need to be examined in their own right. SMEs are important contributors to business in most countries throughout the world. This study addresses that perceived gap in the literature and asks: What relationship, if any, is there between organizational fitness and business performance for SMEs? Theory is developed and tested here by means of a large sample of SMEs in New Zealand. Two distinct aspects of organizational fitness are identified for SMEs. First, survival fitness is associated with generic combinative capabilities. Second, growth fitness is associated with knowledge assimilation and transformation. SME growth fitness and survival fitness are each found to be positively related to business performance under a variety of contexts. Further, an increase of growth fitness and survival fitness provides a means of alleviating selection pressures for SMEs. That is, dynamic capabilities of knowledge assimilation and integration are found to be positively associated with SME business performance. In contrast to studies that advocate SME development of context-dependent capabilities, the findings of this study suggest an alternative perspective: variable selection pressures can be influenced by SMEs with a high level of survival and growth fitness.

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The biological control is as important method to regulate the pest populations in a system of sustainable agricultural production, because it is a promising alternative to the use of the organic synthetic pesticides that cause great ecotoxicological impacts. The predator ladybeetles are part of the biological control agents of agricultural pests, could be management by the three biocontrol strategies: classical, conservative and augmentative. In the present work, it was tried to generate knowledge for using the aphidophagous predator ladybeetle Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under the perspective of the last two strategies. The conservative biological control involving predator insects bases on the fact that in the absence or scarceness of their preferential prey or in the presence of the other preys with inferior nutritional quality, they may use alternative foods, such as pollen, to guarantee their survivorship and, sometimes, their reproduction, and because of that botanical species that provide this floral resource might integrate the agricultural landscape, inside and/or around the agricultural property; meanwhile the augmentative control requests the multiplication of the predator in the laboratory, using natural or artificial preys. Even though some authors proved the visitation of the flowers of some species of Apiaceae by C. maculata, there are no records in the literature of the ingestion of pollen grains of this botanical family by this ladybeetle. In this context, this work was carried out with the aim to select the plant species whose flowers are source of pollen as alternative or complementary food to C. maculata in the perspective to compose the vegetation of the agroecosystems to contribute in the conservation of this ladybeetle, and /or to aid in its mass rearing in the laboratory conditions. The objective of the chapter I was to prove the ingestion of pollen of three species of the family Apiaceae [coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)] from the provision of their flowers to the larvae of the 4th instar and adults of C. maculata. It was observed the presence of pollen grains in the five replicates of all treatments, proving the ingestion of the pollen of these three species of Apiaceae from their flowers by C. maculata. At 24 hours of exposition, adults fed on average more pollen of dill than pollens of coriander and fennel, while the larvae consumed more pollen of fennel. The objective of the chapter II was to determine the suitability of nine diets to C. maculata, including provision of pollen of the two species of Apiaceae (coriander and dill), under controlled conditions of the laboratory. Even though the diets with only flowers of these two Apiaceae did not provided the full development of C. maculata, they used as complementary food with eggs of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) resulted in reduction of larval period, increased the egg number by cluster, and increased the body weight. The diet with alive larvae of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was proved to be an essential food as well as resulted in adults with higher body weight, and the number of eggs per cluster increased in comparison with the feeding with only eggs of A. kuehniella.
O controle biol?gico ? um importante m?todo para regular as populac?es de pragas em um sistema de produ??o agr?cola sustent?vel, pois ? uma alternativa promissora ao uso de agrot?xicos org?nicos sint?ticos que causam grandes impactos ecotoxicol?gicos. As joaninhas predadoras fazem parte dos agentes de controle biol?gico de pragas agr?colas, podendo ser manejadas pelas tr?s estrat?gias de controle biol?gico: cl?ssico, conservativo e aumentativo. No presente trabalho, buscou-se gerar conhecimento para uso da joaninha predadora afid?faga Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) sob a perspectiva das duas ?ltimas estrat?gias. O controle biol?gico conservativo envolvendo insetos predadores baseia-se no fato de que, na aus?ncia ou escassez da presa preferencial ou na presen?a de outras presas de qualidade inferior, podem usar alimentos alternativos, tais como p?len, para garantir sua sobreviv?ncia e, por vezes, sua reprodu??o e, por isso, esp?cies bot?nicas provedoras desse recurso floral devem integrar a paisagem agr?cola, dentro e/ou no entorno da propriedade agr?cola; enquanto o controle aumentativo requer a multiplica??o do predador no laborat?rio, podendo se valer de presas naturais ou artificiais. Apesar de alguns autores comprovarem a visita??o das flores de algumas esp?cies de Apiaceae por C. maculata, n?o h? relatos na literatura da ingest?o de gr?os de p?len dessa fam?lia bot?nica por essa joaninha. Nesse contexto, este trabalho foi conduzido a fim de selecionar esp?cies de plantas cujas flores sejam fonte de p?len como alimento alternativo ou complementar para C. maculata na perspectiva de compor a vegeta??o dos agroecossistemas para contribuir na conserva??o dessa joaninha, e/ou auxiliar na cria??o massal da mesma em condi??es de laborat?rio. O objetivo do cap?tulo I foi comprovar a ingest?o de p?len de tr?s esp?cies da fam?lia Apiaceae [coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), endro (Anethum graveolens L.) e erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)] a partir da oferta de suas flores para larvas de 4? instar e adultos de C. maculata. Constatou-se a presen?a de gr?os de p?len nas cinco repeti??es de todos os tratamentos, comprovando a ingest?o de p?len dessas tr?s Apiaceae a partir de suas flores por C. maculata. Em 24 horas de exposi??o, os adultos consumiram em m?dia mais p?len de endro em compara??o aos polens de coentro e erva-doce, enquanto que as larvas consumiram mais p?len de erva-doce. O objetivo do capitulo II foi determinar a adequabilidade de nove dietas para C. maculata, incluindo oferta de p?len de duas esp?cies de Apiaceae (coentro e endro), em condi??es controladas de laborat?rio. Apesar das dietas apenas com flores dessas duas Apiaceae n?o proporcionarem o desenvolvimento completo de C. maculata, elas usadas com complementa??o da alimenta??o com ovos de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) possibilitam a redu??o do per?odo larval, aumento no n?mero de ovos por postura e aumento do peso corp?reo. A dieta com larvas vivas de Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) n?o foi s? comprovada como alimento essencial como tamb?m resultou em adultos de maior peso corp?reo e um aumento no n?mero de ovos por postura em compara??o ? alimenta??o apenas com ovos de A. kuehniella.

The massive expansion of self-financing sub-degree programmes is a major development in Hong Kong post-secondary education over the past decade. More full-time and part-time students from less advantaged academic backgrounds are able to access higher education. Given the specific nature and academic background of these students, there is a need to develop a greater understanding of major factors which shape their educational success. Many studies have explored the relationship between individual student characteristics, learning approaches and academic achievement on Western tertiary students. Comparatively little is known about such relationship in the Hong Kong Chinese sub-degree context. The research aims to investigate the relationship between individual student characteristics, learning approaches and academic achievement of Hong Kong Chinese sub-degree finance students. Biggs’s 3P learning model suggests that gender, age, study mode, locus of control and extracurricular activities influence learning approaches and subsequently affect academic achievement. The present study uses a quantitative approach from the positivist paradigm to empirically test the 3P model of the relationships between gender, age, study mode, locus of control, extracurricular activities, learning approaches, and academic achievement. 131 full-time and 130 part-time Hong Kong Chinese sub-degree finance students participate in this research. Biggs’s Revised Two-Factor Study Processes Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and McAuley’s Revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDSII) are used to measure learning approaches and locus of control respectively. Regression analysis is used to examine the fit of the variables to hypothesized models. The results suggest that locus of control and extracurricular activities influence the learning approaches of full-time and part-time Hong Kong Chinese sub-degree finance students. The study suggests that the deep approach is positively associated with academic achievement.

Esta dissertação se insere no campo de estudos sobre a formação inicial de professores/as de música e teve como objetivo geral investigar como os/as licenciandos/as percebem a formação musical no curso de licenciatura na sua articulação com a função de ensinar. Os objetivos específicos buscaram compreender como os/as licenciandos/as percebem as finalidades e a organização do curso; que sentidos atribuem à formação musical vivenciada no curso; e que saberes identificam como específicos da profissão professor/a de música. Os estudos sobre profissionalidade docente, desenvolvidos por Maria do Céu Roldão, constituíram o referencial teórico do trabalho. Adotando uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, foram desenvolvidos três grupos focais com licenciandos/as de dois cursos de licenciatura em música de instituições federais de ensino superior do Rio Grande do Sul, matriculados em diferentes etapas de seus cursos. A análise dos dados foi elaborada a partir de categorias que emergiram dos próprios dados, em diálogo com proposições acerca da profissionalidade docente. Os resultados evidenciam distintas percepções entre os/as licenciandos/as que participaram da pesquisa, decorrentes não somente da etapa do curso em que estavam matriculados/as, mas, também, de suas trajetórias e perspectivas futuras. A maioria, entretanto, reconhece a licenciatura em música como um curso de formação de professores, que se organiza a partir de eixos distintos – música, educação e educação musical –, que, no entanto, nem sempre se articulam. A formação musical é condição necessária, mas não suficiente, para se ensinar música. Ao saber música, é preciso articular outros saberes, construídos por meio da formação pedagógica e da pedagógico-musical, saberes necessários à docência, independentemente do que se ensina. Críticas tecidas e lacunas percebidas pelos/as licenciandos/as acerca da formação musical parecem diretamente vinculadas à relação dessa formação com o ensinar música. A formação, tanto musical quanto pedagógica e pedagógico-musical, faz sentido especialmente quando os/as licenciados/as vivenciam práticas de ensino e, principalmente, quando iniciam suas atividades de estágio. Os resultados revelam ainda a identificação da maioria dos/as licenciandos/as em música com a profissão docente, já que nenhum/a dos/as participantes afirmou não pretender trabalhar com o ensino de música, apesar de alguns/mas apontarem que a docência de música não é suficientemente valorizada. Por fim, embora a ênfase na música erudita, a permanência da organização da matriz curricular por disciplinas e as desarticulações entre os eixos de formação do/a professor/a de música, apontadas como questões problemáticas pela literatura, sejam corroboradas por esta pesquisa, os resultados apontam para o fortalecimento da identidade da licenciatura em música como um curso de formação de professores/as de música.
This Master Dissertation focuses the initial education of music teachers. It aimed at to investigate how music student teachers perceive their musical training and its relationship with the teaching function in bachelor degree programs in music education. More specifically, it aimed to understanding how the music student teachers perceive the purposes and organization of the programs; which meanings they attribute to the musical training experienced in their initial education program; and which body of knowledge they identify as being specific of the music teaching profession. The theoretical framework is constituted by the studies on teachers professionality developed by Maria do Céu Roldão. Adopting a qualitative approach, three focal groups where carried out with music student teachers enrolled in different stages of two bachelor degree programs in music education offered by federal universities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Data were analyzed from the dialogue between emerging categories and propositions about teaching professionality. The results show different perceptions among the music student teachers. These differences are related not only to the different stages in which the student teachers were enrolled, but also to their individual trajectories and future perspectives. Most of the music student teachers, nonetheless, recognize the programs aims to educate music teachers, being organized in three axes – music, education and music education –, which, however, are not always well articulated. Musical training is considered a necessary but not sufficient condition to teach music. Musical knowledge needs to be articulated to other types of knowledge, constructed by means of pedagogical and music-pedagogical training. These are necessary knowledge for teaching, independently on the subject that will be taught. Criticisms and gaps perceived by the music student teachers about their musical training seem to be related to the perceived demands of teaching music. Training, be it musical, pedagogical or music-pedagogical, makes sense especially when the student teachers experience teaching practice and, primarily, when they begin their internship activities. The results also reveal that most of the music student teachers identify themselves as music teachers, as no one said he/she do not intend to work teaching music, even though some pointed out that music teacher profession is not well valued. Finally, although results corroborate problems currently pointed by the literature, such as the emphasis on classical music, the fragmented curricular organization by disciplines and the non-articulation between training axes, they also indicate the consolidation of the identity of bachelor degree in music education as programs specifically designed to the training of futures music teachers.

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A dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o trato pedagógico com o conhecimento contemporâneo da Cultura Corporal denominado Parkour (abreviado como Pk), na formação de professores no currículo do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física, de Caráter Ampliado, em andamento na FACED – UFBA, enquanto possibilidade de ampliação e contribuição para o Eixo Conteúdos Específicos. Tendo como objetivo, avaliar possibilidades do trato pedagógico com o conhecimento do Parkour, enquanto elemento contemporâneo da Cultura Corporal. O referencial teórico-metodológico que fundamenta esta pesquisa é a concepção Materialista e Dialética da História. Utilizamos como procedimento de pesquisa: (a) revisão bibliográfica, (b) pesquisa de campo (educação básica e ensino superior). A pesquisa bibliográfica buscou material para estudos em diversas fontes: artigos, monografias, dissertações, teses, livros, banco de dados e documentos. A pesquisa de campo se desenvolveu em três disciplinas do curso de Educação Física da UFBA, com experiências práticas a partir do trato pedagógico com o conhecimento do Parkour. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, podemos concluir que: (a) é preciso ampliar as produções científicas acerca do Parkour, a fim de alavancar o debate; (b) ampliar os tipos das produções para além de artigos, sendo objeto de estudos tratados em monografias, dissertações e teses; (c) ampliar as produções acerca do trato pedagógico com o conhecimento do Parkour; (d) que estas produções superem as conceituações idealistas de Parkour - que são hegemônicas até o momento - na perspectiva de elaborar explicações para além da aparência, embasadas na concepção materialista e dialética da história. A partir das experiências com o trato do Parkour na Formação de professores da UFBA, reconhecemos regularidades no que se refere a necessidade de elaboração, enquanto possibilidade de organização pedagógica, de uma primeira aproximação na sistematização dos conhecimentos acerca do Parkour a partir dos ciclos de ensino. As hipóteses que levantamos: (1) é de que a relação de produção e a ideologia da classe dominante, são determinantes nas produções científicas e no trato pedagógico com o conhecimento do Parkour e; (2) existe possibilidade de trato pedagógico com o conhecimento do Parkour, que seja comprometida com os interesses da classe trabalhadora, a saber, o acesso ao conhecimento sistematizado que permita a apropriação da cultura humana e com isto a elevação do padrão cultural se confirmaram. Concluímos que, a ideologia da classe dominante se reflete diretamente nas produções acerca do Parkour e suas propostas metodológicas de ensino. No entanto, ao se confrontarem, no real concreto, com as condições objetivas da existência humana, explicitam-se as contradições e os interesses de classes antagônicas, próprios de uma sociedade capitalista e, a partir do trabalho pedagógico, em espaços formativos, existem possibilidade de essência, de apropriação, pela transmissão e assimilação deste conhecimento. Novos conhecimentos socialmente produzidos, historicamente acumulados e socializados, pedagogicamente ensinados permitem entender e agir, considerando as determinações históricas e, as condições objetivas e subjetivas, em um movimento que, ao longo da historia poderá ser capaz de superar essas contradições, orientadas para um processo de transição ao Modo de Produção Socialista.
Abstract This dissertation chose as the object of study pedagogical approach with the contemporary knowledge of the called Parkour Body Culture (abbreviated as Pk) in teacher training in the Expanded Character curriculum underway in FACED - UFBA, while the possibility of expansion and contribution to the Axis Specific content. The study aims to evaluate possibilities of the pedagogical approach with knowledge of Parkour as contemporary element of Body Culture, the Expanded character Degree curriculum Physical Education teachers UFBA and its contribution to the Axis Specific Content. The theoretical framework that justified this research is to design and Materialist Dialectics of history. We used as research procedure: (a) literature review, (b) field research (basic and higher education). The literature sought material for studies in various sources: articles, monographs, dissertations, theses, books, database and documents. The field research was developed in three disciplines of the course of Physical Education of UFBA with practical experiences based on pedagogical approach with knowledge of Parkour. From the literature review, we conclude that it is necessary to: (a) expand the scientific production about Parkour in order to leverage the debate; (B) expand the types of productions in addition to articles, the object of study treated in monographs, dissertations and theses; (C) expand the productions about the pedagogical approach with knowledge of Parkour; (D) that these productions exceed Parkour idealistic concepts - that are hegemonic to date - with a view to elaborate explanations beyond appearance, supported on historical dialectic materialism. From experience with parkour tract in the UFBA teacher training, regularities recognized as regards the need to prepare, as a possibility of pedagogical organization in a first approximation in the systematization of knowledge about Parkour, based on cycles teaching. the hypotheses were confirmed we raise for research, namely: (1) the relation of production and the ideology of the ruling class are determining the scientific production and pedagogical approach with knowledge of Parkour; (2) there is a possibility of pedagogical approach with knowledge of Parkour, which is committed to the interests of the working class. This leads us to conclude that the ideology of the ruling class is reflected directly in the production about Parkour and its methodological proposals for education. However, faced from the contradictions of class interests, own a capitalist society, based on historical determinations and the objective and subjective conditions, there is essentially possibilities of a movement capable of overcoming these contradictions, oriented to a process of transition to the socialist project.