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Zech, John, Gregg Husk, Thomas Moore, and Jason Shapiro. "Measuring the Degree of Unmatched Patient Records in a Health Information Exchange Using Exact Matching." Applied Clinical Informatics 07, no. 02 (April 2016): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2015-11-ra-0158.
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SummaryHealth information exchange (HIE) facilitates the exchange of patient information across different healthcare organizations. To match patient records across sites, HIEs usually rely on a master patient index (MPI), a database responsible for determining which medical records at different healthcare facilities belong to the same patient. A single patient’s records may be improperly split across multiple profiles in the MPI.We investigated the how often two individuals shared the same first name, last name, and date of birth in the Social Security Death Master File (SSDMF), a US government database containing over 85 million individuals, to determine the feasibility of using exact matching as a split record detection tool. We demonstrated how a method based on exact record matching could be used to partially measure the degree of probable split patient records in the MPI of an HIE.We calculated the percentage of individuals who were uniquely identified in the SSDMF using first name, last name, and date of birth. We defined a measure consisting of the average number of unique identifiers associated with a given first name, last name, and date of birth. We calculated a reference value for this measure on a subsample of SSDMF data. We compared this measure value to data from a functioning HIE.We found that it was unlikely for two individuals to share the same first name, last name, and date of birth in a large US database including over 85 million individuals. 98.81% of individuals were uniquely identified in this dataset using only these three items. We compared the value of our measure on a subsample of Social Security data (1.00089) to that of HIE data (1.1238) and found a significant difference (t-test p-value < 0.001).This method may assist HIEs in detecting split patient records.
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Vei, Khueimin', and Elena Sergeevna Sheremet'eva. "A nameless relativ BY EXAMPLE: the degree of grammaticalization." Litera, no. 3 (March 2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.3.37615.
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Abstract: In the article, in relation to the nameless relativ, one of the syntactic criteria for determining the degree of grammaticalization of a significant word is considered by EXAMPLE. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to determine the place of each derived unit of the service type in the language system. The object of research is a prepositional unit BY EXAMPLE, which is included in the group of nominal relatives. The subject of our research is the degree of grammaticalization of the nameless relativ BY EXAMPLE. The purpose of the study is to determine the grammaticalization stage at which the nameless relativ is located BY EXAMPLE. The paper uses a descriptive method and a corpus method of collecting research material. The scientific novelty consists in the first described models of interaction of a prepositional-case combination, FOR example, with adjectives included in its composition. Based on the analysis of the linguistic material presented in the National Corpus of the Russian language, two main types of models have been established – with a pronominal and a non-nominal adjective. It is shown that a non-nominal adjective in such a model acts in two functions: the actant name function and the modifier function, which is typical for a significant number of similar structures with other prepositional derived units. It is revealed that personal pronominal adjectives also indicate the name of the actor. It is determined that demonstrative pronominal adjectives do not have named functions. Their entry into the model indicates the absence of a service function in the combination FOR EXAMPLE. The article concludes that the nameless relativ, by example, is only at the initial stage of grammaticalization.
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Murray, Neil, and Jonathan Crichton. "What’s in a name?" Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 15.1–15.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1015.
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In this paper we explore the provision of applied linguistics within Australian universities. We focus on how the ‘what’ of applied linguistics, as captured in scholarly definitions of the discipline, accords with the ‘where’, as captured in potential contexts of application as these are manifested in provision. In doing so, we examine the extent of any congruence or divergence between how applied linguistics is understood in the abstract and how it is realised in degree programs. Our findings, based an analysis of data collected via a survey of university websites, suggest that while the rhetoric around course offerings may suggest a wider view of the discipline, the content of applied linguistics programs generally reflects a narrower interpretation which aligns closely with observations often made as caveats to scholarly definitions and sees English language teaching as predominant
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Murray, Neil, and Jonathan Crichton. "What’s in a name?" Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 2 (2010): 15.1–15.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.2.02mur.
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In this paper we explore the provision of applied linguistics within Australian universities. We focus on how the ‘what’ of applied linguistics, as captured in scholarly definitions of the discipline, accords with the ‘where’, as captured in potential contexts of application as these are manifested in provision. In doing so, we examine the extent of any congruence or divergence between how applied linguistics is understood in the abstract and how it is realised in degree programs. Our findings, based an analysis of data collected via a survey of university websites, suggest that while the rhetoric around course offerings may suggest a wider view of the discipline, the content of applied linguistics programs generally reflects a narrower interpretation which aligns closely with observations often made as caveats to scholarly definitions and sees English language teaching as predominant
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Pal, Aditya, and Scott Counts. "What's in a @name? How Name Value Biases Judgment of Microblog Authors." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 5, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14091.
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Bias can be defined as selective favoritism exhibited by human beings when posed with a task of decision making across multiple options. Online communities present plenty of decision making opportunities to their users. Users exhibit biases in their attachments, voting and ratings and other tasks of decision making. We study bias amongst microblog users due to the value of an author's name. We describe the relationship between name value bias and number of followers, and cluster authors and readers based on patterns of bias they receive and exhibit, respectively. For authors we show that content from known names (e.g., @CNN) is rated artificially high, while content from unknown names is rated artificially low. For readers, our results indicate that there are two types: slightly biased, heavily biased. A subsequent analysis of Twitter author names revealed attributes of names that underlie this bias, including effects for gender, type of name (individual versus organization), and degree of topical relevance. We discuss how our work can be instructive to content distributors and search engines in leveraging and presenting microblog content.
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Karavas, Vaios, and Gunther Teubner. "http://www.CompanyNameSucks.com: The Horizontal Effect of Fundamental Rights on ‘Private Parties’ within Autonomous Internet Law." German Law Journal 4, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012153.
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In previous conflicts about domain names within the global address system, German judges only had to answer relatively simply legal questions. Under which conditions does a domain name, which is easily confused with another name, infringe the rights of the name owner? Pervious decisions have identified infringement in the following cases:- The name and domain name are, to a significant degree, identical or may be easily confused with one another,- The user of the domain name possesses no personal right to the name, and- The name usage is likely to promote mistakes about the origin of the web-site.
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Agarwal, Oshin. "Towards Robust Named Entity Recognition via Temporal Domain Adaptation and Entity Context Understanding." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12866–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21570.
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Named Entity Recognition models perform well on benchmark datasets but fail to generalize well even in the same domain. The goal of my th esis is to quantify the degree of in-domain generalization in NER, probe models for entity name vs. context learning and finally improve their robustness, focusing on the recognition of ethnically diverse entities and new entities over time when the models are deployed.
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Akintoye, Stephen Banji. "About the Name Yoruba." Yoruba Studies Review 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v5i1.130076.
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A curious debate is going on about the group name of the Yoruba nation, the name ‘Yoruba’. All sorts of strange and fanciful things are being said about this name. Also, many people are calling on me to intervene in the debate. I therefore hereby intervene. But I cannot participate in the more flippant levels of debate over this or any matter; I can only make known the results of my serious research. I might add that what I reveal here is a small peep into a very important body of research on the Yoruba nation, a body of research that will, hopefully, soon appear as a book on the profile of the Yoruba nation. In modern times, the Yorùba people in Nigeria have exhibited a remarkable ́ degree and quality of unity as a people. Such strong unity is engendered primarily by their common love of, and pride in, their culture, their strong emphasis on development and modernization, and in their civilizational achievements in history and in modern times. It is also reinforced by their common identity with such ideals as love of freedom, respect for the individual, accountability of leadership and governance, the servanthood of rulers, religious tolerance and accommodation, hospitality towards all other peoples, tenacity in fighting for ideals, and a unique fixation, as a people, on progress in all facets of modern development and transformation.
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Tomaskova, Andrea, Roman Smietanski, and Miroslav Halouzka. "The interdependency between a family company's name and a family name." Marketing and Management of Innovations 5, no. 2 (2021): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2021.2-10.
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A company's name often personifies the company. In the case of family companies, the name is mainly connected with that of the owning family. This paper aims to identify and substantiate the context of the perception of any possible risks from the association of a family name with that of a family company during the generational exchange with the participation of several generations in the family company's management. The hypotheses have been verified based on the evaluation of data acquired from a sample of 245 respondents from the Czech Republic. The research period is 2017-2019. The qualitative research is based on round discussion tables with family business owners. The data has been processed using correlation and regression analysis. The authors have shown that owners consider the association of the family name with that of a family company to be a potential risk. Any negative regard for the family company and the family could lead to losing the family's good name and the company and losing customers and employees. Moreover, it could damage the process of intergenerational transition. The connection between the intensity of the risk perception and the generational exchange process with the participation of several members in the management of a family company has been statistically demonstrated. The degree of perception of the risk is high in family companies where the generational exchange is still ongoing. The exclusion of the variable of the connection of a family company name with the owning family due to collinearity suggests a possibility for a different type of research that would demonstrate the statistical significance. The unique article nature lies in the fact that it involves research into the current, real process of generational exchange taking place in Czech family companies with mainly two generations and up to three generations in the family company management.
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Salgado, Maria Cristina O., Soraia V. S. Justo, Luis F. Joaquim, Rubens Fazan, and Helio C. Salgado. "Role of nitric oxide and prostanoids in attenuation of rapid baroreceptor resetting." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 290, no. 3 (March 2006): H1059—H1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00219.2005.
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Because the regulation of vascular function involves complex mutual interactions between nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) products, we examined the contribution of NO and prostanoids derived from the COX pathway in modulating aortic baroreceptor resetting during an acute (30 min) increase in arterial pressure in anesthetized rats. Increase in pressure was induced either by administration of the nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or aortic coarctation (COA) with or without treatment with the COX inhibitor indomethacin (INDO) or the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (TRIM). The activity of the aortic depressor nerve and arterial pressure were simultaneously recorded, and the degree of resetting was determined by the shift of the pressure-nerve activity curve using the ratio [Δ systolic pressure at 50% of maximum baroreceptor activity/Δ systolic pressure] × 100. The magnitude of pressure rise was similar in the different groups (59 ± 6, 53 ± 5, 53 ± 5, 45 ± 5, 49 ± 3, and 41 ± 3 mmHg for COA, l-NAME, INDO+COA, INDO+l-NAME, TRIM+COA, and TRIM+INDO+COA, respectively, P = 0.27). The degree of resetting that occurred with l-NAME or COA combined with treatment with TRIM was attenuated compared with COA alone (7 ± 4, 5 ± 2, and 31 ± 6%, respectively, P = 0.04). INDO failed to influence baroreceptor resetting to higher pressure but prevented l-NAME- and TRIM-induced effects (20 ± 7, 21 ± 8, and 32 ± 6% for INDO+COA, INDO+l-NAME, and INDO+TRIM+COA, respectively; P = 0.38). Baroreceptor gain was affected only by l-NAME. These findings indicate that NO, probably from neuronal origin, may exert stimulatory influence on the degree of rapid baroreceptor resetting to hypertension that involves COX-derived prostanoids.
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Burdekin, F. M. "Sir (Thomas) Angus Lyall Paton, C.M.G. 10 May 1905 – 7 April 1999." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 47 (January 2001): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2001.0024.
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Thomas Angus Lyall Paton was born in Jersey on 10 May 1905, a descendant of a family of flaxspinners from Montrose. His father was a journalist and author with a classics degree from Oxford University. His mother was the daughter of a civil engineering contractor named Easton Gibb and his uncle was Alexander Gibb, founder of the firm of consulting engineers bearing his name, with which Angus Paton spent his whole working career.
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Sigmon, D. H., and W. H. Beierwaltes. "Degree of renal artery stenosis alters nitric oxide regulation of renal hemodynamics." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 5, no. 6 (December 1994): 1369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v561369.
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Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) maintains RBF in normal kidneys and to the nonclipped kidney of two-kidney, one-clip (2K, 1C) renovascular hypertensive rats. However, in clipped kidneys with severe renal stenosis, EDNO has been reported not to influence RBF, and it was suggested that low perfusion diminishes the stimulus of shear stress for EDNO synthesis. It was hypothesized that lesser degrees of renal artery stenosis would allow greater renal perfusion and, hence, a greater role for EDNO in maintaining RBF in the clipped kidney. The renal response to EDNO synthesis inhibition was studied with 10 mg/kg body wt N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Four weeks after clipping, rats had different degrees of (functional) renal artery stenosis as determined by the ratio (R) of RBF (per gram kidney weight) in the nonclipped to clipped kidney. Stenosis was classified as either mild (R < or = 1.25) or moderate (R > or = 1.30). Both groups were similarly hypertensive (146 +/- 3 versus 148 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively) and responded to L-NAME with a 42 mm Hg rise in blood pressure. In 2K,1C rats with mild renal artery stenosis, the renal response to L-NAME was similar in both nonclipped and clipped kidneys. RBF decreased by 17 to 19% (P < 0.005) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased by 59 to 63% (P < 0.005). When renal perfusion pressure was controlled, the decrease in RBF was exaggerated 3.6-fold in the nonclipped but only 2.3-fold in the clipped kidney, whereas the RVR increased proportionally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Branco, L. G., E. C. Carnio, and R. C. Barros. "Role of the nitric oxide pathway in hypoxia-induced hypothermia of rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): R967—R971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.3.r967.
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Hypothermia is a response to hypoxia that occurs in organisms ranging from protozoans to mammals, but very little is known about the mechanisms involved. Recently, the NO pathway has been suggested to be involved in thermoregulation. In the present study, we assessed the participation of nitric oxide in hypoxia-induced hypothermia by means of NO synthase inhibition using NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The rectal temperature of awake, unrestrained rats was measured before and after hypoxia or L-NAME injection or both treatments together. Control animals received saline injections of the same volume. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body temperature of 1.32 +/- 0.36 degrees C after hypoxia (7% inspired O2) and of 0.96 +/- 0.42 degree C after L-NAME (30 mg/kg body wt) injected intravenously. When the two treatments were combined, no significant difference in body temperature was observed. To assess the role of central thermo-regulatory mechanisms, a smaller dose of L-NAME (1 mg/kg) was injected into the third cerebral ventricle or intravenously. Intracerebroventricular injection of L-NAME caused an increase in body temperature, but when L-NAME was combined with hypoxia (7% inspired O2) no change in body temperature was observed. Intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg L-NAME had no effect. The data indicate that NO plays a major role in hypoxia-induced hypothermia at central rather than peripheral sites.
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Neznanov, N. G., L. V. Kochorova, V. S. Skripov, I. F. Nabatov, and G. A. Martovetskaya. "The role of naming in healthcare. From a psychiatric hospital to a mental health center." Manager Zdravoochranenia, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2022-9-33-39.
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An urgent issue today is to increase the confidence of citizens in the healthcare system. Moreover, the issue of trust is of particular importance in the provision of psychiatric care, due to the high level of stigmatization of this area of medicine. The purpose of the study was to assess the significance for patients of the names of medical organizations in the profile of «psychiatry». Materials and methods. In 2021 Kirov Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital named after Academician V.M. Bekhterev changed its name and became the Center for Psychiatry and Mental Health Academician V.M. Bekhterev. A survey was conducted of 216 patients who applied or are undergoing treatment at the Center of Psychiatry and Mental Health named after Academician V.M. Bekhterev, using a specially designed questionnaire consisting of 24 questions. The results obtained were statistically processed. Results. A large proportion of the respondents had one or another mental disorder, and more than half are worried because of this, to one degree or another. One-fifth of the respondents indicate that their rights were violated due to their mental disorders. All this points to the problems that exist to this day associated with the stigmatization of patients with mental disorders, as well as the stigmatization of the psychiatric service itself. 43% of respondents noted that the name of a medical organization has an impact on their trust in a medical organization. The patients surveyed gave the highest rating to the name «Mental Health Center». Conclusions. Thus, the name of a medical organization directly affects the trust of patients in it. In addition, the name also affects the subjective assessment of the quality of medical care provided in a medical organization.
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BELLAMY, C. L. "A replacement genus-group name in Buprestidae (Coleoptera)." Zootaxa 1791, no. 1 (June 12, 2008): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1791.1.4.
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With the subsequent designation of a type species, the genus-group name Paracylindromorphus (Neomorphus) Cobos, 1953 became available as Neomorphus Bellamy, 1992. I was unaware, until recently informed by Dr. Huseyin Özdikmen, that this genus-group name is preoccupied by the valid bird genus Neomorphus Gloger, 1827 (Aves: Cuculiformes: Cuculidae) (fide Neave, 1939). Therefore I propose the replacement name Duncanius to honor my friend and colleague Duncan MacFadyen, the manager of Research & Conservation for the Oppenheimer company, Johannesburg, in recognition of the recent successful completion of his Master’s degree and in remembrance of our joint field trips in South Africa from 1995-2000.
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Dama, Dewi. "GREETINGS VARIETY TO SHOW POLITENESS IN GORONTALO LANGUAGE." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (July 14, 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.172.03.
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Abstract
This research aims to present the forms of greetings in Gorontalo Language and the examples used in society. The study focused on the use of Gorontalo language and took place in Ayula Tilango Kecamatan Bulango Selatan. The data were obtained through observation and elicitation. The results indicated various greetings based on Based on the findings, in Bahasa Gorontalo, there are, namely: Name in the form of kinship relationship (family connection – Vertically), name in the form of horizontal relationship (intimacy, friendship and body shape), name has a collective identifying character of the clan / fam (surname), name with religious title, name contains a custom title or an honors degree (given for personal achievements, a hero or died important person, important status in local government), and name contains a noble title.
Keywords: Greetings, naming, titles, Gorontalo Language.
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Karyakina, G. M., M. V. Nadezhdina, M. A. Hinko, and N. M. Gurariy. "Parity of level neuron-specific enolase and a brain blood-groove at hemispheric ischemic stroke." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 1(2) (February 28, 2009): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-1(2)-37-41.
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An inspection is conducted 60 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke in age from 51 to 69 years, part on the degree of expressed of neurological deficit in obedience to the Scandinavian scale (19,0 ± 1,9) – I group (27), (41,1 ± 3,5) is II a group (33). The comparative analysis of neurological deficit is given, level neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood, hemodynamic indexes, character of atherosclerotic name-plates, exposed on the basis of ultrasonic duplex research of main arteries of cerebrum in a dynamics. Dependence is exposed between expressed of neurological defect, degree of damage of fabric of brain, characterized by the change of level of NSE and degree of disturbances of hemodynamic. Clear dependence is marked between a neurological defect and decline (p < 0,05) of high systole speed in a poststenotic area. Character of atherosclerotic name-plates reflected pathogenic of ischemic stroke.
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Safonkin, Andrej F., Aleksandra A. Yatsuk, and Tatiana A. Triseleva. "Variability of the key features and revision of a group of closely related species of grassflies (Diptera, Chloropidae, Meromyza)." ZooKeys 942 (June 18, 2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.49644.
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The following external morphological features of members of the genus Meromyza Mg. have been analyzed: the ratio of the height of frontal triangle to the length of the head; the presence of black setae on the lower surface of genae; the degree of manifestation of ocellus spot; the ratio of the length of mesonotum to scutellum; the length and color of the mid strip of the mesonotum and its degree of manifestation on the scutellum; and the thickness of hind femurs. Additionally, the size and shape of anterior and posterior processes of the postgonite, and the type of attachment of the posterior process have been investigated. The authors have determined the range of variability of key features applicable to the reliable identification of closely related species of grass flies in the “meigeni” species group of the genus Meromyza, as well as the usefulness of CO1 mtDNA sequences for this purpose. The authors propose to re-instate the name M. laeta Meigen, 1838 (instead of using the name M. meigeni Nartshuk, 2006), to include seven species into the cluster “meigeni”, and to substitute the name of the cluster “meigeni” with the name “variegata”.
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Aleksandrova, I. Yu. "The problem of violation of the system implementation of the psycho-semantic and psycholinguistic requirements for brand name." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 7, 2019): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-2-150-156.
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The analysis and systematization of psychosemantic, psycholinguistic, including phonosemantic requirements to the name of the trademark ave been carried out, the problem of their unsystematic practical implementation have been considered. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted by the author aimed at identifying the degree of psychological acceptability of the brand name actually existing on the Russian market. As a result of the analysis of the primary data, the author reconstructs the associative field of the diagnosed word-name, the specific semantic content of which proves the need for a preliminary check of the communicative efficiency of the brand name. The presented method can be used for practical purposes in the process of naming.
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VanRyn, Valerie S., James M. Poteracki, and Erica A. Wehrwein. "Physiology undergraduate degree requirements in the U.S." Advances in Physiology Education 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00104.2016.
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Course-level learning objectives and core concepts for undergraduate physiology teaching exist. The next step is to consider how these resources fit into generalizable program-level guidelines for Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees in Physiology. In the absence of program-level guidelines for Physiology degree programs, we compiled a selective internal report to review degree requirements from 18 peer BS programs entitled “Physiology” in the United States (U.S.). There was a range of zero to three required semesters of math, physics, physics laboratory, general biology, biology laboratory, general chemistry, chemistry laboratory, organic chemistry, organic chemistry laboratory, biochemistry, biochemistry laboratory, anatomy, anatomy laboratory, core systems physiology, and physiology laboratory. Required upper division credits ranged from 11 to 31 and included system-specific, exercise and environmental, clinically relevant, pathology/disease-related, and basic science options. We hope that this information will be useful for all programs that consider themselves to be physiology, regardless of name. Reports such as this can serve as a starting point for collaboration among BS programs to improve physiology undergraduate education and best serve our students.
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Bere Nahak, Kristofel. "BENTUK SAPAAN NAMA DIRI MASYARAKAT FEHAN." LITERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/literasi.v13i1.6656.
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This study aims to describe the address form of the proper name spoken by Tetun Fehan community. The purpose of this study is to describe the address form of the proper name spoken by the Fehan community in Malacca Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques can be conducted through questionnaires, participant observations, interviews, and notes. The results of this study refer to the ervin trip theory as a benchmark for writing an address form of the proper name for the Fehan society which can be classified into four which include (1) Status consists of fehan proper name and proper name for parents, (2) Rank involves proper name of profession, (3) Identity Include the proper name of titel which includes the proper name of an education degree, and proper name of the indigenous title. (4) Generation level includes kinship terms, the proper name of Baptist, the proper name of the sequence of birth, and the proper name of hyponymy. Using the form of the proper name by Fehan society of Tetun speakers always use address form of kinship term (Indonesian for formal speech forms dan Tetun for non-formal speech forms). Fehan people know the term hak’neter (Respect), hak ‘Taek (have good manners), and ha’folin (appreciate), where the term became the signature of the Fehan society in communicating by considering the age of the speakers.
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Abrams, Lise, and Danielle K. Davis. "Competitors or Teammates." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 1 (February 2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416677804.
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Research has documented that proper names are more difficult to learn and remember than other types of words. Various causes of this difficulty have been proposed to better understand how proper names are represented in memory and the degree to which names compete with each other. In the retrieval of names, some studies show competition, whereas other studies find facilitation. During comprehension, names demonstrate competition by causing a Moses illusion: People erroneously answer invalid questions such as “How many animals did Moses take on the ark?”, failing to detect that Noah is the correct name for the question. Errors in both name retrieval and comprehension are more likely when the correct name and distractor name sound similar, share biographical characteristics, or have some visual resemblance. However, shared visual information has played a competitive role more consistently in name comprehension than retrieval, an asymmetry that remains to be investigated.
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Howard, Daniel J., Roger A. Kerin, and Charles Gengler. "The Effects of Brand Name Similarity on Brand Source Confusion: Implications for Trademark Infringement." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 19, no. 2 (September 2000): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.19.2.250.17131.
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The prevalent legal view with regard to trademark infringement is that consumers who exercise a low (high) degree of care when evaluating goods will be less (more) likely to notice differences among brands and thus conclude they are of (dis)similar origin. The authors argue on the basis of the involvement literature and demonstrate through two field experiments that the effect of degree of care on likelihood of brand source confusion varies by the type of similarity (similar sound versus similar meaning) among brand names. The authors discuss implications for trademark infringement litigation and company brand name evaluation in light of these findings.
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Adams, Kate. "What’s in a name? Seeking professional status through degree studies within the Scottish early years context." European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 16, no. 2 (June 2008): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13502930802141626.
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London, Andrew S., and S. Philip Morgan. "Racial Differences in First Names in 1910." Journal of Family History 19, no. 3 (September 1994): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909401900304.
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This research examines concentration and similarity in the first name distributions of African Americans and whites resident in Mississippi in 1910. Data are drawn from the Public Use Sample of the 1910 Census, with names added from microfilm copies of original Census manuscripts. We find little difference in the degree of concentration of the name distributions and only modest dissimilarity in name choice. Multivariate analysis using age as a proxy for period of name assignment (birth cohort) indicates that racial differentiation in name choice increased over the period 1870 to 1910 primarily as a result of changes in the name choices of whites. We discuss these results in conjunction with the recent work of Lieberson and Bell (1992) on contemporary racial differences in naming patterns. Lieberson and Bell (1992) argue that African Americans in the contemporary period emphasize group differences by choosing “African” or “African sounding” names. In Mississippi in the period between the abolition of slavery and 1910, we argue that whites distanced themselves from African Americans by choosing increasingly the “whitest” names (e.g., those disproportionately chosen by whites). Changing naming patterns are not orchestrated group responses. Instead, they reflect emergent cultural responses to fundamental social change.
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Hampl, V., S. L. Archer, D. P. Nelson, and E. K. Weir. "Chronic EDRF inhibition and hypoxia: effects on pulmonary circulation and systemic blood pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1748.
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It has been suggested that chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension results from chronic hypoxic inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) synthesis. We tested this hypothesis by studying whether chronic EDRF inhibition by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) would induce pulmonary hypertension similar to that found in chronic hypoxia. L-NAME (1.85 mM) was given for 3 wk in drinking water to rats living in normoxia or hypoxia. Unlike chronic hypoxia, chronic L-NAME treatment did not increase pulmonary arterial pressure. Cardiac output was reduced and mean systemic arterial pressure was increased by chronic L-NAME treatment. The vascular pressure-flow relationship in isolated lungs was shifted toward higher pressures by chronic hypoxia and, to a lesser degree, by L-NAME intake. In isolated lungs, vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II and acute hypoxia and vasodilation in response to sodium nitroprusside were increased by chronic L-NAME treatment in normoxia and chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia, but not L-NAME, induced hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodeling. Chronic supplementation with the EDRF precursor L-arginine did not have any significant effect on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that the chronic EDRF deficiency state, induced by L-NAME, does not mimic chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in our model. In addition, EDRF proved to be less important for basal tone regulation in the pulmonary than in the systemic circulation.
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Shattuck, Martha Dickinson. "Women and Trade in New Netherland." Itinerario 18, no. 2 (July 1994): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022488.
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If the average person was asked what the name New Netherland brought to mind, quite likely the response would be the fur trade. And to a great degree they would be right in making that association. In the years following Henry Hudson's exploration in 1609 of the river that eventually bore his name and before the founding of the West India Company in 1621, Dutch trading companies and private traders sailed to the New World for the sole purpose of exploiting the fur trade.
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Ahmadidelir, K., C. M. Campbell, and H. Doostie. "Almost Commutative Semigroups." Algebra Colloquium 18, spec01 (December 2011): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386711000769.
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The commutativity degree of groups and rings has been studied by certain authors since 1973, and the main result obtained is [Formula: see text], where Pr (A) is the commutativity degree of a non-abelian group (or ring) A. Verifying this inequality for an arbitrary semigroup A is a natural question, and in this paper, by presenting an infinite class of finite non-commutative semigroups, we prove that the commutativity degree may be arbitrarily close to 1. We name this class of semigroups the almost commutative or approximately abelian semigroups.
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TERUM, LARS INGE, GAUTE TORSVIK, and EINAR ØVERBYE. "Discrimination Against Ethnic Minorities in Activation Programme? Evidence from a Vignette Experiment." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000113.
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AbstractWe conducted a vignette experiment involving 470 Norwegian front-line workers to investigate whether their decisions to sanction non-compliance of activation requirements varied with the ethnicity of the welfare claimant. This is the first vignette experiment on ethnic discrimination in the administration of activation programmes in Europe. The study shows that front-line workers did not sanction claimants with a North African name more often than claimants with a native Norwegian name. However, among front-line workers who had experience with the relevant activation programme, a male claimant with a North African name was sanctioned less often than a male claimant with a native Norwegian name. Thus, we find some degree of reverse discrimination on the part of experienced front-line workers. This finding is contrary to a similar US vignette experiment that detected discrimination (not reverse discrimination) with regard to claimants with an ethnic minority name. The most likely explanation for the difference concerns the different institutional-cultural contexts within which Norwegian and US social policy programmes operate.
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Muñoz Sastre, Maria Teresa, Paul Clay Sorum, and Etienne Mullet. "Mapping French Laypeople’s Views on Nonhuman Animal Experimentation." Society & Animals 28, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341577.
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Abstract French positions regarding nonhuman animal experimentation were examined. A total of 163 participants were presented with 72 vignettes depicting an experimental protocol. They were composed according to a five-factor design: (a) the fate of the animal (e.g., was sacrificed for the purpose of further analyses), (b) environment in which the animal was raised, (c) main objective of the experiment (purely theoretical vs. therapeutic), (d) degree of pain inflicted, and (e) species involved (rabbit, coyote, or chimpanzee). Through cluster analysis of participants’ acceptability judgments, six qualitatively different positions were found. Four had already been described by observation of the functioning of animal ethics committees: Animals have Rights, Ethics in the name of Animals, Ethics in the name of Patients, and Ethics in the name of Science. Female participants held the Animals-have-Rights position three times more often than males. Male participants held an Ethics-in-the-name-of-Science position four times more often than females.
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ZICHA, Josef, Olga PECHÁŇOVÁ, Zdena DOBEŠOVÁ, and Jaroslav KUNEŠ. "Hypertensive response to chronic NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) treatment is similar in immature and adult Wistar rats." Clinical Science 105, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030078.
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The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the blood pressure (BP) response to chronic inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) is exaggerated in young rats, which were reported to develop a more pronounced salt hypertension than the adult ones. The enhanced BP rise in immature rats subjected to excess salt intake might be due either to a generally increased reactivity in immature organisms to these stimuli or to a greater impairment of NO bioavailability that accompanies the development of salt hypertension. To determine between the two alternatives, we have compared the hypertensive response and the extent of NOS inhibition in immature (4-week-old) and adult (12-week-old) male Wistar rats which were treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 40 mg/kg of body mass per day) for 4 weeks. BP and NOS activity in the aorta, left ventricle and kidney were determined at the end of the experiment. It should be noted that chronic L-NAME treatment caused a similar degree of NOS inhibition in both age groups (irrespective of tissue examined). There was no significant difference in BP elevation between young and adult animals chronically treated with L-NAME. A strong negative correlation between NOS activity and BP level was observed in separate groups of normotensive controls and L-NAME hypertensive rats. Thus the BP of both normotensive and hypertensive animals seems to be inversely proportional to the production of NO. It can be concluded that there was the same BP rise in both age groups of L-NAME-treated rats in which a similar degree of NOS inhibition was disclosed. This suggests that the altered NO bioavailability (but not the generally exaggerated reactivity to hypertensive stimuli) is the cause of exaggerated hypertensive response observed in immature rats exposed to excess salt intake.
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Kulidzhanyan, Syuzanna S. "The name of a comedy film in the aspect of linguistic creativity." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 4 (2021): 736–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.406.
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The article aims to identify the specific features for forming the name of a comedy film from the point of view of linguistic creativity. The research is based on 30 British comedy films, which were released between the 1960s and 2010s. Five highly rated films were selected from each decade. The developed algorithm for analysis includes several steps which makes it possible to sequentially study the following aspects, in terms of linguistic creativity, that are critical for specific features in the formation of comedy films’ names: 1) source of the name, 2) structure of the name and 3) correlation between the name and the whole verbal structure of a comedy film. It was found that the degree of structurally semantic modifications of a film name’s initial source presupposes a film name’s creative potential. The influence of comedy film names’ creative potential on the choice of certain expressive means for constructing and developing the plot line of a comedy film was also determined. Data obtained in the study indicates that a film name can produce a certain multitude of verbal components, which are pivotal to the whole language structure of a comedy film. Moreover, the quantity of verbal components, ‘produced’ by a comedy film name, allows one to judge its linguo-creative possibilities.
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Feng, Wenting, Tao Wang, and Guo Rui. "Influence of number magnitude in luxury brand names on consumer preference." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7486.
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In this study we built on scarcity theory, to conduct two experiments in which we investigated the influence of arbitrary numbers we inserted into brand names of luxury products. In Study 1 we recruited 68 consumers who were each assigned to one of two groups (small number or big number for brand name), in order to test consumers’ preferences for luxury brands with names of different number magnitudes. The results revealed that a product with a small number in the brand name was received more favorably than was a product with a big number in the name. Scarcity mediated the relationship between number magnitude and preference. In Study 2 we tested the moderating role of involvement. Number magnitude of the brand name influenced preference through scarcity when involvement was high but not when it was low. Thus, we found that numbers in the name of a luxury brand arbitrarily impacted consumers’ perceptions of scarcity, which influenced their preference in regard to brand. This relationship was moderated by involvement. The results suggest that manufacturers of luxury brands should use a small number in their brand name, and should increase the degree of consumer involvement to elevate consumer preference for the brand.
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Zhang, Ning, Le Jun Chi, and Hai Yan Xu. "Domain Names Based on Fault Tree Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 667 (October 2014): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.667.143.
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The success rate of domain name resolution has a direct influence on the service of DNS. Analytical performance of DNS server is the key to measure the satisfaction degree of users when they access to the network. This article establishes the dependence model for the domain name server. In order to get DNS fault model and analytical model, this article uses Fault Tree Analysis theory to describe the relationship of tree basic events and target events of fault tree of dependency. On the basis of fault tree model, dependencies of domain names are qualitative analyzed, including number of sets and element composition of fault model and analytical model. This study provided a theoretical basis for DNS dependencies and technical support for the DNS vulnerability analysis. It has a great importance for domain name system security.
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Ishiyama, John, and Michael Marshall. "What explains former rebel party name changes after a civil conflict ends? External and internal factors and the transition to political competition." Party Politics 23, no. 4 (August 28, 2015): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068815600913.
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The transformation of rebel groups into political parties has captured the attention of scholars of both conflict studies and of party transformation. In this paper we examine the question of rebel party image change by investigating the causes of name changes adopted by a rebel organization as it transforms into a political party after the end of a civil conflict. We develop an analytical framework based upon the extensive literature on party identity change in the West, and apply it to the name changes of rebel parties. Using an original data set of 54 former rebel organizations, we find that factors internal to the organization (such as the degree of inclusivity and the origins of the rebel organization) explain name change more than factors related to the post conflict environment.
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Yi, Wan. "The Specifics of Functioning of the Personal Proper Name." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-3-30-37.
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The article researches the specifics of how personal proper names function in the Russian and the Chinese paroemia genres. Proverbs and sayings are traditionally considered paroemia because they represent a collective evaluation of various situations of life. The idioms that express a position of evaluation towards the current events are not included in the category of paroemiological units, for their components have lost their lexical meaning and acquired a high degree of reinterpretation. The article uncovers the types and the forms of the personal name that perform different functions in the Russian and the Chinese paroemia genres. Anthroponyms, mythonyms, chrononyms and hagionyms can be considered characteristic for the Russian proverbs and sayings, and the subjectiveevaluative forms are predominant in the Russian proverbs, where the name functions in a generalized, collective meaning. While the Russian paroemia genres express evaluative connotation explicitly, the Chinese proverbs and sayings are based on the association of a specific personal name, which is known to the majority of the native speakers, with a real historical figure, a specific mythological character or a personality of fiction.
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Filipich, C. P., and M. B. Rosales. "Variational Solution for an Initial Conditions Problem." Applied Mechanics Reviews 50, no. 11S (November 1, 1997): S50—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101850.
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An initial conditions problem is addressed by first transforming it into a boundary value one. An appropriate functional and an extremizing sequence are proposed. The methodology has been previously named WEM (Whole Element Method) by the authors. In the present paper, this name is justified since division of the time domain is avoided even when loads with finite number of impulses of arbitrary duration are involved. The method is theoretically founded by theorems and corolaries. Their statements are included in the work. A numerical example of an undamped single degree of freedom (SDOF) system subjected to a rectangular impulse load is carried out. Comparison is made with the well-known classical solution.
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Cooper, Katelyn M., Logan E. Gin, and Sara E. Brownell. "Diagnosing differences in what Introductory Biology students in a fully online and an in-person biology degree program know and do regarding medical school admission." Advances in Physiology Education 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00028.2019.
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Increasingly, institutions of higher education are adopting fully online degree programs to provide students with cost-effective, accessible postsecondary education. A concern these degrees raise is: Will students be prepared for the next step of their career paths after completing their Bachelor’s degree online? Biology undergraduates often begin their degrees wanting to become medical doctors, but no studies have explored whether students in a fully online biology degree program are being prepared to be admitted to medical school. In this study, we surveyed Introductory Biology students at one institution who were pursuing Bachelor of Science degrees in Biological Sciences, either in an online or an in-person program. The most prevalent career goal for both in-person students (65.2%) and online students (39.7%) was a medical doctor. Online students were more confident in their intentions to become doctors than their in-person peers. However, online students knew fewer criteria that medical schools consider when admitting students than in-person students [in-person: mean = 3.7 (SD 1.6); online: mean =2.7 (SD 1.7)] and were less likely to plan to become involved in premedical activities, such as undergraduate research. Finally, compared with in-person students, fewer online students were able to name at least one science student (in-person: 76.7%; online: 9.7%), academic advisor (in-person: 21.3%; online: 6.5%), and faculty member (in-person: 33.7%; online: 6.5%) with whom they could talk about pursuing a career in medicine. This work highlights knowledge gaps between students enrolled in a fully online biology degree and an in-person biology degree that are important for developers of online biology degree programs to understand and rectify to better prepare online biology students for admission to medical school.
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Menn, Stephen. "On the Title of Porphyry’s Categories Commentary Πρὸς Γεδάλειον." Phronesis 62, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685284-12341331.
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Simplicius cites Porphyry’s lost greater commentary on the Categories by the name of its addressee: Πρὸς Γεδάλειον. It has been assumed that we know nothing about Gedalius, and even suggested that he may have been a fictional construct. But his name is Jewish, and Porphyry had no reason to make up a Jewish addressee. It was extremely rare for Greek pagan texts to be dedicated to a Jewish addressee. But Porphyry had an unusual degree of involvement with Judaism. I collect the evidence, and make a tentative proposal about the context for Porphyry’s dedicating this work to Gedalius.
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Lerach, David G., Steven A. Rutledge, Christopher R. Williams, and Robert Cifelli. "Vertical Structure of Convective Systems during NAME 2004." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 1695–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr3053.1.
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Abstract This study describes the vertical structure of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that characterized the 2004 North American monsoon utilizing observations from a 2875-MHz (S band) profiler and a dual-polarimetric scanning Doppler radar. Both instrument platforms operated nearly continuously during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME). A technique was developed to identify dominant hydrometeor type using S-band (profiler) reflectivity along with temperature. The simplified hydrometeor identification (HID) algorithm matched polarimetric scanning radar fuzzy logic–based HID results quite well. However, the simplified algorithm lacked the ability to identify ice hydrometeors below the melting layer and on occasion, underestimated the vertical extent of graupel because of a profiler reflectivity bias. Three of the strongest NAME convective rainfall events recorded by the profiler are assessed in this study. Stratiform rain exhibited a reflectivity bright band and strong Doppler velocity gradient within the melting layer. Convective rainfall exhibited high reflectivity and Doppler velocities exceeding 3 (−10) m s−1 in updrafts (downdrafts). Low-density graupel persisted above the melting layer, often extending to 10 km, with high-density graupel observed near 0°C. Doppler velocity signatures suggested that updrafts and downdrafts were often tilted, though estimating the degree of tilt would have required a more three-dimensional view of the passing storms. Cumulative frequency distributions (CFDs) of reflectivity were created for stratiform and convective rainfall and were found to be similar to results from other tropical locations.
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Kovitz, K. L., T. D. Aleskowitch, J. T. Sylvester, and N. A. Flavahan. "Endothelium-derived contracting and relaxing factors contribute to hypoxic responses of pulmonary arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): H1139—H1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.4.h1139.
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The response of porcine pulmonary arteries to hypoxia depended on their location in the vasculature and the degree and duration of the hypoxic challenge. In rings of pulmonary artery suspended for isometric tension recording (37 degrees C, 16% O2 and 5% CO2), moderate hypoxia (10% and 4% O2) caused endothelium-dependent relaxation in distal arteries but transient endothelium-dependent contraction in proximal arteries. In both proximal and distal arteries, the initial response to anoxia (0% O2) was a transient endothelium-dependent contraction. This was followed by a slowly developing, sustained endothelium-dependent contraction in proximal arteries, or by an endothelium-independent relaxation in distal arteries. The endothelium-dependent relaxation to moderate hypoxia in distal arteries was inhibited only by combined inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)-nitric oxide (NO) synthase [N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] and cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), suggesting mediation by EDRF-NO and prostacyclin. Transient endothelium-dependent contractions to moderate hypoxia (proximal arteries) or anoxia (all arteries) were abolished by L-NAME, but the late endothelium-dependent anoxic contraction observed in proximal arteries was not reduced by L-NAME and/or indomethacin. Therefore, hypoxia/anoxia may initiate contraction of pulmonary arteries by decreasing the activity of EDRF-NO, but the contractions appear to be maintained by an increased activity of an endothelium-derived contracting factor.
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Bennett, Denise Beaubien, and Priscilla Williams. "Name Authority Challenges for Indexing and Abstracting Databases." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b81596.
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Objective - This analysis explores alternative methods for managing author name changes in Indexing and Abstracting (I&A) databases. A searcher may retrieve incomplete or inaccurate results when the database provides no or faulty assistance in linking author name variations.
Methods -The article includes an analysis of current name authority practices in I&A databases and of selected research into name disambiguation models applied to authorship of articles.
Results - Several potential solutions are in production or in development. MathSciNet has developed an authority file. The method is largely machine-based but it involves time-consuming manual intervention that might not scale up to larger or multidisciplinary databases. The use of standard numbers for authors has been proposed. Solutions in practice include author-managed registration records and linking among several authority files. Information science and computer science researchers are developing models to automate processes for name disambiguation, shifting the focus from authority control to access control. Successful models use metadata beyond the author name alone, such as co-authors, author affiliation, journal name, or keywords. Social networks may provide additional data to support disambiguation models.
Conclusion - The traditional objective of name authority files is to determine precisely when name variations belong to the same individual. Manually-maintained authority files have served library catalogues reasonably well, but the burden of upkeep has made them ill-suited to managing the volume of items and authors in all but the smallest I&A databases. To meet the access needs of the 21st Century, both catalogues and I&A databases may need to implement options that present a high degree of probability that items have been authored by the same individual, rather than options that provide high precision with the expense of manual maintenance. Striving for name disambiguation rather than name authority control may become an attractive option for catalogues, I&A databases, and digital library collections.
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Duma, Narjust, Urshila Durani, Cynthia Brooke Woods, Lionel Aurelien Kankeu Fonkoua, Joselle Cook, Christopher Wee, Harry E. Fuentes, et al. "Evaluating unconscious bias: Speaker introductions at an international oncology conference." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 10503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.10503.
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10503 Background: Gender bias can be reinforced through the use of gender-subordinating language and differences in the forms of address. We examined how professional titles were used during speakers’ introductions at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. Methods: A retrospective observational study of video-archived speaker introductions at the 2017 and 2018 ASCO annual meetings was conducted. Data were extracted by mixed-gender coders. Professional address was defined as professional title followed by full name or last name. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with the form of address. Results: 2511 videos were reviewed and 812 met inclusion criteria. Regarding speakers’ characteristics, 530 (65%) were non-Hispanic white (NHW), 743 (92%) held a MD or MD-PhD degree, and 484 (60%) were an associate or full professor. Female speakers were less likely to receive a professional address compared to male speakers (61% vs. 81%, p < 0.001). Female speakers were more likely to be introduced by first name only (17% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). Males were less likely to use a professional address when introducing female speakers compared to male speakers (53% vs. 80%, p < 0.01). No gender differences in professional address were observed for female introducers (p = 0.13). Male introducers were more likely to address female speakers by first name only compared to female introducers (24% vs. 7%, p < 0.01). In a multivariable regression including gender, race, degree, and academic rank, male speakers were more likely to receive a professional address compared to female speakers (OR: 2.67, 95%CI: 1.81-3.94, p < 0.01). Black speakers of both genders were less likely to receive a professional address compared to NHW (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-0.53, p < 0.01). Female gender was a predictor for a non-professional form of address (first name only) (OR: 9.50, 95%CI: 4.38-20.62, p < 0.01). Conclusions: When introduced by men, female speakers were less likely to receive a professional address and more likely to be introduced by first name only compared to male speakers. Selective use of forms of address may strengthen gender bias; more research is needed to explore the causes of this disparity and its influence.
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Conners, William, Catherine Whitebeck, Paul Chicester, Robert Legget, Alpha Dian-Yu Lin, Arnold Johnson, Barry Kogan, Robert Levin, and Anita Mannikarottu. "l-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, diminishes oxidative damage in urinary bladder partial outlet obstruction." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 2 (February 2006): F357—F363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00261.2005.
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Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) results in cellular damage due to ischemia and reperfusion injury. Our study seeks to establish how early this damage can occur and the role that nitric oxide may play in its pathophysiology. Surgical PBOO (1, 3, and 7 days) were performed on male New Zealand White rabbits. Half of the animals were premedicated for 3 days with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester(l-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase before obstruction. Bladder weight increased with duration of PBOO but was significantly lower at 3 and 7 days in animals treated with l-NAME compared with their untreated counterparts. Contractile function decreased progressively with PBOO duration. At 1 day postobstruction, bladder contractility was significantly lower in the l-NAME rabbits than in the untreated rabbits. At 3 and 7 days, contractility of the l-NAME bladders was equal or higher than the untreated bladders. The level of hypoxia at 1 day after obstruction was significantly higher in the l-NAME-treated animals than in the untreated controls but equal at 3 and 7 days obstruction. Increased nitrotyrosine was seen by Western blot in all obstructed animals. However, the amount was significantly less in the l-NAME-treated animals at 3 and especially at 7 days. Nerve density decreased progressively after obstruction; however, it decreased to a significantly lesser degree in the l-NAME-treated bladders than in the untreated groups. These results suggest that l-NAME pretreatment enhanced ischemic damage at 1 day after obstruction but protected the bladder from nitric oxide-generated free radical damage at the later time periods by inhibiting the generation of nitrotyrosine.
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Vieira, Leandro M., Mary E. Spencer Jones, and Judith E. Winston. "Resurrection of the genusLicorniaforScrupocellaria jolloisii(Bryozoa) and related species, with documentation ofL. jolloisiias a non-indigenous species in the western Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 7 (March 26, 2013): 1911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000301.
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Recent studies of the large cheilostome bryozoan genusScrupocellariahave shown a greater degree of taxonomically informative morphological variation in zooids, opesia, and polymorphic structures than previously recognized. Only one subgenus has been named within the genus,Retiscrupocellariad'Hondt, 1988, erected forScrupocellaria jolloisii. In this work we further analyseS. jolloisiiand its related species, resurrecting an earlier genus name,Licorniavan Beneden, 1850 forLicornia jolloisii, and nine relatives,L. annectens,L. cervicornis,L. cyclostoma,L. diadema,L. ferox,L. gaspari,L. longispinosa,L. macropora, andL. prolata.Licornia jolloisiiwas originally described from the Red Sea, and most species of the genus occur in the Indo-Pacific region. The species, however, has now been found in the Western Atlantic, in the Florida Keys, US, and in Bahia de Todos Santos, Brazil.
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Choi, Il-Rye. "A Study on the Sa(史), Official Post Name of Silla Dynasty." Korea Association of World History and Culture 63 (June 30, 2022): 105–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.06.63.105.
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The official post of Silla Dynasty, Sa was almost over 40% of central government officials. The Sa was allowed to be appointed from Daesa(大舍) ranked as 12 to Seonjeoji(先沮知) ranked as 17 in all the official ranks of Silla Dynasty. There was no post that the Sa was appointed as the manager of central government offices. 史 was not appointed to a place that requires a high degree of academic knowledge, a place that requires a high degree of professionalism, a place that provides mainly men's physical labor, and a place where labor power of women were usually used or women were required.
The Sa were increased, total of 52 staffs at nine government posts. Of those, 31 were added in the 10th to 20th year of King Moonmu. After the unification of the three countries, it was necessary to maintain the national system and operate the government department to effectively carry out the Silla-Tang War. In the process, the increase of the lower rank officials Sa, was a natural result.
In ancient China, Sa had meanings of recording, a recorder, officers and a history book. In Silla Dynasty, it was used as the post name of petty official in central government(Sa in Dongsijeon under the regime of King Jijeung), followed by meanings of recording and history(a history book titled Guksa(國史) published under the regime of King Jinheung). Based on the results above, it was discovered that the Sa, an official post of Silla Dynasty, was usually alloted for man, a petty official who was in charge of indoor administration service, of recording[a recorder], handling, storing and transcribing documents at central government offices, and of entry and accounting of articles at posts they belonged to.
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Miller, Carol J., and Susan J. Crain. "Law-Based Degree Programs in Business and Their Departments: What's in a Name? (A Comprehensive Study of Undergraduate Law-Based Degrees in AACSB-Accredited Universities)." Journal of Legal Studies Education 24, no. 2 (July 2007): 235–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1722.2007.00040.x.
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Cardellini, Liberato. "AN INTERVIEW WITH JOHN SWELLER." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 7, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/15.7.127.
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Emeritus Professor John Sweller is presently a professor of Education at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. After receiving the Bachelor’s degree in 1969 at the University of Adelaide, he completed a PhD degree at the same university in 1972.The name of John Sweller is associated with the cognitive load theory, an instructional theory based on our knowledge of human cognitive architecture. The theory is a contributor to both research and debate on issues associated with human cognition, its links to evolution by natural selection, and the instructional design consequences that follow.
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Li, LanXi, XuZhen Zhu, and Hui Tian. "Link prediction based on nonequilibrium cooperation effect." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 11 (April 16, 2018): 1850128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921850128x.
Full textAbstract:
Link prediction in complex networks has become a common focus of many researchers. But most existing methods concentrate on neighbors, and rarely consider degree heterogeneity of two endpoints. Node degree represents the importance or status of endpoints. We describe the large-degree heterogeneity as the nonequilibrium between nodes. This nonequilibrium facilitates a stable cooperation between endpoints, so that two endpoints with large-degree heterogeneity tend to connect stably. We name such a phenomenon as the nonequilibrium cooperation effect. Therefore, this paper proposes a link prediction method based on the nonequilibrium cooperation effect to improve accuracy. Theoretical analysis will be processed in advance, and at the end, experiments will be performed in 12 real-world networks to compare the mainstream methods with our indices in the network through numerical analysis.
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Whitacre, Ian, Bonnie Henning, and Șebnem Atabaș. "Disentangling the Research Literature on Number Sense: Three Constructs, One Name." Review of Educational Research 90, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 95–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654319899706.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we review research literature concerning number sense from several related fields. Whereas other authors have pointed to difficulty defining number sense or to some degree of inconsistency in the literature, we argue instead that this is a case of polysemy: three constructs given the same name. Our purpose is to clarify the research literature concerning number sense by naming and defining these three constructs, identifying similarities and differences among them, categorizing the research traditions associated with each construct, and summarizing the methods used and findings reported. We compare and contrast themes in each body of literature by drawing on a sample of 141 research articles that were focused on number sense. We find evidence that there is confusion of number sense constructs across research traditions. We emphasize the need for clarity in order for research in each of these traditions to progress.