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Cooper, Katelyn M., Logan E. Gin, and Sara E. Brownell. "Diagnosing differences in what Introductory Biology students in a fully online and an in-person biology degree program know and do regarding medical school admission." Advances in Physiology Education 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00028.2019.
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Increasingly, institutions of higher education are adopting fully online degree programs to provide students with cost-effective, accessible postsecondary education. A concern these degrees raise is: Will students be prepared for the next step of their career paths after completing their Bachelor’s degree online? Biology undergraduates often begin their degrees wanting to become medical doctors, but no studies have explored whether students in a fully online biology degree program are being prepared to be admitted to medical school. In this study, we surveyed Introductory Biology students at one institution who were pursuing Bachelor of Science degrees in Biological Sciences, either in an online or an in-person program. The most prevalent career goal for both in-person students (65.2%) and online students (39.7%) was a medical doctor. Online students were more confident in their intentions to become doctors than their in-person peers. However, online students knew fewer criteria that medical schools consider when admitting students than in-person students [in-person: mean = 3.7 (SD 1.6); online: mean =2.7 (SD 1.7)] and were less likely to plan to become involved in premedical activities, such as undergraduate research. Finally, compared with in-person students, fewer online students were able to name at least one science student (in-person: 76.7%; online: 9.7%), academic advisor (in-person: 21.3%; online: 6.5%), and faculty member (in-person: 33.7%; online: 6.5%) with whom they could talk about pursuing a career in medicine. This work highlights knowledge gaps between students enrolled in a fully online biology degree and an in-person biology degree that are important for developers of online biology degree programs to understand and rectify to better prepare online biology students for admission to medical school.
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Nizhnik, Nadezhda. "Police law theory – a subject of research of modern scientists." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-4-231-240.
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At a meeting of Council D 203.019.01 on the defense of dissertations for the degree of candidate of sciences, for the degree of doctor of sciences created on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation named after V. Ya. Kikot” on October 10 in 2019, the dissertation was defended for the degree of candidate of legal sciences Nikiforova Slavyana Alekseevna on the topic: “State-legal views of E.N. Berendts”, specialty 12.00.01 – Theory and History of Law and State; the history of the teachings of law and the state. The Dissertation Council, chaired by the Deputy Chairman of the Dissertation Council D 203.019.01, Doctor of Law, Professor V.P. Malakhov, unanimously decided that the dissertation of S.A. Nikiforova is a scientific and qualification work, which is essential for the science of theory and the history of law and the state and meets the requirements established by the Regulation on awarding scien-tific degrees, as well as on awarding S.A. Nikiforova the degree of candidate of legal sciences in special 12.00.01.
The article is a review of the dissertation of the official opponent, in which the structure and content of the dissertation of N. S. Nikiforova are analyzed.
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Dudina, Oksana. "PECULIARITIES OF TRAINING MASTERS IN MEDICINE IN CHINISE UNIVERSITIES." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 192 (March 2021): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-192-63-66.
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The article investigates and theoretically summarizes the peculiarities of training doctors at the master's level at the universities of ROC. Higher education in China is characterized by numerous changes due to the accumulation and adaptation of advanced successful experience in training specialists in different countries of the world. In this context, the property of scientists and educators of ROC concerning the organization of professional training of masters in medicine is of particular interest for Ukraine. Scientists are constantly searching for solutions and improving higher medical education in ROC. In the universities of the Republic of China, according to the field of study, the degree of master in medicine can be obtained as a professional degree and scientific degree. As a result, after completing the master's program in professional field, the master may work in positions such as senior physician, senior physician in health care, senior dentist, senior pharmaceutical, and the master in research field may work as the doctor-scientist, who carries out medical research as the main professional activity. The name of medical degrees is also different, for the professional field – clinical medicine, for the research field – preclinical medicine. Clinical medicine includes such areas of master's programs in medicine as health care, dentistry, pharmacological science; preclinical medicine includes clinical medicine, preventive medicine, dentistry, the science of human progress, the history of science and technology, biomedical engineering, social medicine and health management. The article examines the experience of implementing master's programs in medicine at higher educational institutions in China. The competence-based approach, forms and specialization of training in the organization of training and practicing students due to master's programs in medicine in ROC were determined.
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Korabelnikov, Daniil. "F. Haass: doctor, scientist, public health administrator, humanist, incorrigible philanthropist and Moscow Holy doctor." Russian Medical and Social Journal 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35571/rmsj.2019.1.001.
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The biography of Fyodor Petrovich (Ivanovich) Haaz (Friedrich Joseph Laurentius Haass) (1780 - 1853) - Moscow doctor (1806 - 1853), a German origin, scientist, public health administrator, an outstanding humanist doctor of the first half of the 19th century, a philanthropist, known as the "Holy doctor", is showed in the article.
Court Advisor (1811), College Counselor (1826), Knight of the Order of St. Vladimir of the fourth degree (1811), Order of St. Anna of the 2nd degree (181?) of The Russian Impire. A doctor in the army during the Patriotic War of 1812 (from January 1814), head physician of the Moscow Pavlovsk Hospital (1807-1812, 1814-1825), Head of the Moscow Medical Office (1825-1826), one of the founders of the Moscow Eye Hospital (1826), a member of the Moscow Prison Committee and the head doctor of Moscow prisons (1826-1853), the head doctor of the Moscow Catherine Hospital (1840-1844), the founder and head doctor of the Moscow Police (later - Alexander) hospital, popularly called the "Haaz" (1844- 1853).
One of the founders of Russian balneology and balneology, who made a great contribution to the development of climatology and meteorology, pioneer in the resorts in the North Caucasus (1809-1810).
The creator of lightweight individual shackles, he achieved their introduction at the exile stages to replace the riveting to a common rod for 6-12 convicted.
The development of deontology in the 19th century, a science that studies the ethical standards and principles of a doctor’s behavior, as well as certain responsibilities towards the patient, is inextricably linked to the name of Dr. F.P. Haaz [F. Haass]. The life and work of this outstanding humanist physician is a wonderful example of high morality in the fulfillment of his professional duties and genuine nobility in serving the sick and suffering people.
The motto of Dr. Haass’ life and professional work was borrowed from the Apostle Paul: “Hurry to do good” (in Galatians (6: 9-10) and in the second letter to The Thessalonians (3:13)).
At present, the process of beatification has begun - the canonical process of classifying F. Haass as a blessed Catholic church.
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Iordanishvili, Andrey K. "Vladimir Mikhailovich Uvarov, distinguished Russian dentist and maxillofacial surgeon, professor and colonel of medical service." Russian Journal of Dentistry 26, no. 2 (September 4, 2022): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2022-26-2-171-176.
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On the memory page among the Russian dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, it is impossible not to remember the outstanding figure in the worlds military medicine and practical health care, doctor of medical sciences, professor, and colonel of the medical service Vladimir Mikhailovich Uvarov. The study aimed to present scientific, clinical, pedagogical, and social activity of the outstanding dentist and maxillofacial surgeon, doctor of medicine, professor, and colonel of the medical service Vladimir Mikhailovich Uvarov, including his merits in military medicine. On the basis of the analysis of the Russian literature as well as the life, professional activity, and scientific works of Prof. V.M. Uvarov, doctor of medical sciences and colonel of medical service, we present his role in the formation and development of dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, and military medicine in Russia. There is no section of stomatology that V.M. Uvarov would not have paid attention to. He successfully defended 28 dissertations for the degree of candidate of science under his supervision. He is the author of more than 150 scientific works, including six monographs, a textbook, chapters in manuals, and textbooks. He was the author of the chapter on anesthesia and local anesthesia, written for the first textbook in the country Surgical Dentistry (1938). He was an honorable member of the all-union and all-Russian scientific society of dentists of the country; was a great pedagogue; generously shared his scientific, medical, and pedagogical experience with students, cadets, listeners, and lecturers; and carried out great therapeutic and consultative work. His name is among the outstanding maxillofacial surgeons of the country. He proposed the use of an extra-oral apparatus for the fixation of mandibular fractures and other innovations in the field of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. At present, the students and followers of Vladimir Mikhailovich Uvarov keep him in their memory as a prominent organizer of military and civil health care, a clinician, a scientist, a teacher, and a model of man and humanity. He is remembered and loved.
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Beliaev, D. D. "«A RED PHILOLOGIST REPORTED THAT HE SOLVED THE RIDDLE OF CENTRAL AMERICAN HIEROGLYPHICS»: DECIPHERMENT OF MAYA HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING BY YURI KNOROZOV IN THE CONTEXT OF SOVIET PUBLIC SCIENCE DIPLOMACY OF THE 1950s." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(59) (2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2022-4-72-80.
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The paper focuses on how the decipherment of Maya writing by Yuri Knorozov was promoted in the context of Soviet science diplomacy in the 1950s, and the reaction to this discovery in the foreign public sphere. The process of informing about Knorozov’s breakthrough in the study of Maya hieroglyphs began in the summer of 1952 in “Literaturnaya gazeta”, even before the official publication of his article. In response, “The New York Times” published two comments in which the name of the young Russian scholar was mentioned for the first time. Particular interest was expressed in Mexico, where all major newspapers reacted to the news from USSR. This motivated the Soviet embassy to publish an abbreviated Spanish translation of Knorozov’s article in their bulletin in 1953. This publication, in turn, contributed to the spread of information both among a wider audience and among the academic community. After the defense of Knorozov’s dissertation, when he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Sciences (Habilitation), a new promotion campaign started. His report on the decipherment with an English translation was distributed to the participants of the 10th Congress of Historical Sciences in Rome (1955), and later he presented his discoveries at the 32nd International Congress of Americanists in Copenhagen, which caused a wide international responce. Publications in the Soviet public journals such as “Sovietsky Soyuz” (Soviet Union) and “Novoe Vremy a” (The New Times) played a special role. They paid less attention to the ideological confrontation and highlighted the achievements of Soviet historical science. By the end of the 1950s, the decipherment of Maya hieroglyphs became one of the main elements of the positive image of Soviet science.
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Шинкарук, В. Д. "IN MEMORY OF THE EXCELLENT SCIENTIST-BIOLOGIST, PROFESSOR STEPAN STEPANOVYCH KOSTYSHYN." Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 1 (August 2022): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-140-142.
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On April 12, 2022, at the age of 91, the heart of the world-famous biologist, doctor of biological sciences, professor, honored worker of science and technology of Ukraine, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, full member of the Academy of Engineering and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, honorary doctor Saskatchewan University of Canada. Honorary Doctor of the University of Suceava "Stefan cel Mare" (Romania), Honorary Citizen of Chernivtsi and Lock Haven (USA), ex-rector of Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn. Stepan Stepanovych was born on February 7, 1932 in the village of Zvynyach, Chortkiv district, Ternopil region. The development of ecology and physiology of plants both in Ukraine and abroad is closely connected with his name. The main part of Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn's biography is connected with Chernivtsi National University. In 1955 he graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Chernivtsi State University (CSU). From 1961 to 1964 he studied in graduate school at the Department of Plant Physiology, in 1965 he defended his dissertation and worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Biology. From 1972 to 1987 Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn worked as Vice-Rector for Research. In 1985 S.S. Kostyshyn defended his doctoral dissertation, and a year later received the academic title of professor. From 1987 to 2001, Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn was the rector of the CSU, and then of the Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University. For more than 30 years he headed the departments - first biochemistry, and since 2002 - ecology and biomonitoring. Under his leadership, 19 PhD and 3 doctoral dissertations were defended, more than 300 scientific articles, 3 monographs, a number of textbooks stamped by the Ministry of Education and Science were published, 6 patents and certificates for inventions were obtained. S.S. Kostyshyn was one of the founders of the All-Union “Plant Genome” School. Stepan Kostyshyn was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, the Order of Merit of the III (1997) and II (2000) degrees for his significant personal contribution to the training of highly qualified specialists, long-term fruitful research, pedagogical and organizational activities.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "VOYNO-YASENETSKY Valentin Feliksovich (1877-1961). To the 140th of the birthday." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 2 (September 23, 2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-2-174.
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Voyno-Yasenetsky Valentin Feliksovich (Archbishop Luka) Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol, Russian and Soviet surgeon, the author of works in anesthesiology, doctor of medical Sciences (1916), Professor (1917); doctor of theology (1959), winner of the Stalin prize, first degree (1946).
F. Voino-Yasenetsky was born 27 APR 1877. After graduating from high school and Kiev art school, studied painting in Munich. In 1898 he became a student of the medical faculty of Kiev University, after which he worked as a surgeon in Chita, the town of Ardatov in Simbirsk province S. Verkhniy Lyubazh, Kursk region, town of Fatezh, Moscow. In 1915 he published in Saint Petersburg the book "Regional anesthesia", and in 1916 he defended it as his thesis and received the degree of doctor of medicine. Until 1917 the doctor in some of the provincial hospitals of Russia, and later the chief doctor of Tashkent city hospital, Professor of Central Asian state University. In 1921 he was ordained to the diaconate, a week a priest in 1923 he was tonsured a monk and consecrated a Bishop with the name Luca, a week later arrested. In 1926 V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky returned to Tashkent, but in 1930 he was arrested again and transported to Arkhangelsk. In 1934 he published a monograph "Sketches of purulent surgery". In 1937 he was arrested for the third time. Since 1940, works as a surgeon in the link in Bolshaya Murta, 110 kilometers from Krasnoyarsk. 1941 – consultant to all hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk territory and the chief surgeon of the hospital. In 1942 was elevated to the rank of Archbishop and appointed to the chair of Krasnoyarsk. In 1944, published the monograph "On the course of chronic empyema and hundreth" and "Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of the joints." In 1944, Archbishop Luke was headed by the Department of Tambov. In 1945, awarded the Patriarch Alexy I right to wear the diamond cross, wrote the book "Spirit, soul and body." In 1946 he headed the Crimean Department in Simferopol. In 1946 he was awarded the Stalin prize. In 1955, was blind. Died V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky June 11, 1961, Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol.
Author of 55 scientific papers on surgery and anatomy, ten volumes of sermons. His most famous book "Sketches of purulent surgery". Awarded Pointscore (1916), the diamond cross from the Patriarch of all Russia (1944), medal "For valiant labor in the great Patriotic war" (1945), Stalin prize first degree (1944).
Archbishop Luka monuments in Krasnoyarsk, Tambov, and Simferopol, is an honorary citizen of Pereslavl-Zalessky (posthumously). In 1995, St Luke canonized as locally venerated saints of the Crimean diocese, in 2000, the definition of the Council of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church glorified as a Confessor (Saint) in the Assembly of new martyrs and Confessors of Russia. His relics are installed for worship at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Simferopol.
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Sharma, Rohit, and PK Prajapati. "Historical insights on ‘Quacks’ in Ayurveda." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2, no. 6 (December 25, 2016): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2016.2601.
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India has a great legacy of ancient knowledge of healthcare - ‘Ayurveda’ since the time immemorial. But unfortunately this science has been defamed and exploited by the medical mafia: the ‘quacks’ (unqualified Ayurveda practitioners including faith healers), who at many times are illiterate but they flourish and pretend to be Doctors or ‘Vaidyas’ (physicians) and misguide the people by prefixing ‘Dr.’ or ‘Vaidya’ before their names and suffixing the degrees like BAMS or MD at their clinic/dispenseries’ sign board. They are found everywhere in India, running their clinics in big cities/villages/small towns and even many times at roads by the name ‘Khandaani dawakhaana’, and large number of unaware or desperate people fall prey to them. Upsurge in renewed interest, appreciation and acceptability of Ayurveda around the world can act as a great hunting ground for all such crooks, who may be savvy in using technology and self-promotion, but have questionable credentials. Poet Galib thus describes the unenviable plight of sufferers whose ailment worsened after unauthenticated medication from a half-trained doctor: ‘‘...Marz Badhta Gaya, Jyon Jyon Dava Ki!’’ Present article attempts to limelight the disapproval or condemnation of such quacks as per ancient Ayurveda literature.
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Сhyrva, Hanna. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING OF SCIENTIFIC AND TEACHING STAFF IN MANAGEMENT FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES." Social work and social education, no. 2(9) (November 21, 2022): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(9).2022.267381.
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The article describes the theoretical and methodological principles of training PhDs in management for research and innovation activities.Doctor of philosophy is an educational and at the same time the first scientific degree, which is obtained at the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education; corresponds to the eighth qualification level of the National Framework of Qualifications, focused on the person's acquisition of integral, general and professional competencies.The author analyzed Ukrainian and foreign (international) documents that confirm the importance of research and innovation training of scientific and pedagogical personnel, doctors of philosophy:− Salzburg principles (Salzburg I, 2005, Salzburg II 2010): the goal of doctoral education is to cultivate a research mindset, cultivate flexibility of thought, creativity and intellectual autonomy with the help of an original, specific research project; − National qualifications framework: correspondence of the third (educational and scientific) and scientific levels of higher education to the 8th level, which provides for mastery of conceptual and methodological knowledge in the field, formation of skills in conducting thorough scientific research with due academic integrity, striving for continuous self-development and self-improvement;− The procedure for the training of higher education applicants for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Science in higher education institutions (scientific institutions) (2016, with changes): the need for the formation of such research competencies as oral and written presentation of the results of one's own scientific research, management of scientific projects and / or making proposals for financing scientific research, registration of intellectual property rights.An analysis of the Higher Education Standard (third (educational and scientific) level, field of knowledge 07 Management and Administration, specialty 073 Management) and the educational and scientific program «Management», which has been implemented at Uman State Pedagogical University named after Pavlo Tychyna since 2016, was analyzed.It has been established that the system of training doctors of philosophy for research and innovation activity requires constant improvement of theoretical and methodological principles in the context of national standardization of the specified process while preserving the autonomous right of higher education institutions and scientific institutions to the uniqueness of educational and scientific programs.Prospects for further research in this direction consist in a combination of theoretical, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the development of the components of the system of training doctors of philosophy in general and research and innovation activities in particular.
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Durani, Urshila, Narjust Duma, Jessica A. Slostad, Christopher E. Wee, Yael Kusne, Shruti Patel, Carolina Bernabe, et al. "What's in a Name? a Gender-Based Analysis of Speaker Introductions at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131484.
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Introduction: Several recent studies have shown a gender disparity in professional doctoral introductions at major medical conferences, with female speakers being less likely to be introduced with a professional title. We sought to examine whether a similar disparity existed at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 8 investigators reviewed available presentations from video archives of the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting. Presentations were excluded if gender could not be identified and/or speaker did not have a doctoral degree. We collected data on speaker gender, speaker academic/non-academic rank, speaker geographic location, speaker training status, speaker session type and introducer gender were all collected. A "professional address" was defined as either "Dr. [First and Last Name]" or "Dr. [Last Name]." Descriptive statistics and regression modelling were used to analyze the data. Results:Of the videos reviewed, 645 presentations were eligible for analysis; 380 (59%) speakers were men and 264 (41%) were women. A comparison of male and female speaker cohorts is seen in Table 1. Forty-eight percent of both men and women held a Medical Doctor degree (MD), and the rest were MD/PhD or PhD graduates. Substantially more men (28%) were full professors compared to women (13%). Almost half (47%) of session types for both men and women speakers were designated as "basic science." In an adjusted analysis, more women (N=174, 66%) compared to men (N=225, 59%) received a professional address (P<.01). 43% of women were introduced by a female introducer and 42% of men were introduced by a female introducer (P=.79). In addition, 48 of the introducers (19%) for women and 68 of the introducers (18%) for men had a PhD or MD/PhD. In a logistic regression model adjusting for session type, academic rank, degree, geographic location, trainee status, and gender of introducer, there were no significant gender-based differences in professional introduction [Table 1; Odds Ratio (OR) 0.71, P=.06]. In addition, speakers with MD introducers were more likely to have a professional introduction compared to PhD introducers (OR 2.15, P=.03) regardless of sex. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that women were at least as likely as men to receive a professional address at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting. These results differ from previous studies of other professional medical conferences. These findings may reflect the strong presence of PhD graduates as both speakers and introducers. Both forms of bias (gender and degree-based) merit further study and interventions including speaker training to ensure combatting unconscious bias. Disclosures Velazquez: Midatech: Other: Husband owns stock in this company; Portola Pharmaceuticals: Other: Husband owns stock in this company; Corbus Pharmaceuticals: Other: Husband owns stock in this company; Johnson & Johnson: Other: Husband is employed by this company.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Pyotr Alexandrovich HERZEN - the founder of oncology in the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (to the 150th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 14, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-3-248-249.
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Pyotr Alexandrovich was born in 1871 in Florence in the family of Professor A. A. Herzen of the University of Lausanne. In 1896, he studied at the medical faculty of the University of Lausanne and began working at the Caesar Roux Clinic. In 1997, Pyotr Alexandrovich received a Doctor of Medicine degree and, fulfilling his grandfather's will, left for Russia. In 1898, P. A. Herzen received a Russian diploma of a doctor with honors. Then Pyotr Alexandrovich worked as an external doctor until 1900, and then until 1920, with breaks for service in the army as a military surgeon he was a resident of the surgical department of the Old Catherine Hospital in Moscow. During the Russian-Japanese War, Pyotr Alexandrovich was a surgeon on the Manchurian front, a surgeon in the active army during the First World War, and a consultant at the 151st military hospital during the Civil War. In 1909, he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Russia. In 1917, he became the head of the Department of Operative Surgery, in 1921-General Surgery of the 1st Moscow State University. The clinical base of the department was the Institute for the Treatment of Tumors (now the P. A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute), the director of which was P. A. Herzen from 1922 to 1934. In 1926, he was first elected chairman of the Surgical Society of Moscow, and in 1929 the XXI Congress of Russian Surgeons. In 1934, Pyotr Alexandrovich became the head of the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute and in the same year he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, and in 1939 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He created the world's first pre-thoracic artificial esophagus (1907), was the first in the USSR to perform thoracoscopy for chronic pleural empyema (1925), suturing of a heart wound (1904), liver resection, developed a number of original operations: intra-abdominal fixation of the rectum when it falls out; application of cholecystoenteroanastomosis (1901), cholecystectomy, trans-vesical prostatectomy (1906); omentorenopexy of the lower pole of the kidney (1913); operations for anterior cerebral, inguinal and femoral hernias; developed the principles of surgical treatment of traumatic aneurysms. He also made a significant contribution to solving the problems of vascular surgery, oncology, urology, cardiac surgery, etc. He published 84 scientific papers, including 5 monographs. P. A. Herzen created the largest school of Soviet surgeons, oncologists. He was an honorary member of the French Academy of Surgery, the International Society of Surgeons, chairman of the surgical societies of the RSFSR and the USSR (1926-1928; 1935-1936), the XXI and XXIV All-Union Congresses of Surgeons (1929, 1938). P. A. Herzen was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, medals, including "For the Defense of Moscow". P. A. Herzen died in January 1947 and was buried in Moscow. The Moscow Research Oncological Institute, the periodical " Oncology. The journal named after P. A. Herzen". A memorial plaque in his honor is installed in the First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov. His name is given to surgical operations used for anterior craniocerebral and femoral hernias, hydronephrosis, cryptorchidism, the creation of an artificial esophagus from the small intestine, esophagoejunostomy after removal of the stomach, and others.
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Prasanth, Vidhya, M. Ramachandran, and Kurinjimalar Ramu. "A Study on Mayfly Algorithm and Its Recent Developments." Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/daai/2/2/6.
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It is to define its relationship with the partners during the formation and registration process of S Company Is a legal document prepared and also refers to the minute of the angle corresponding to the MOA 360 minute mark. Each minute represents 1/60 of a degree, just like the minutes of an hour. When shooting, even a small angle can cause you to miss the mark, so it is important to adjust your MOA to a precise angle or fine for a minute. Stands for Memorandum of Association, which refers to articles of association. They help protect and build your business and help establish the company's identity, work ethic and goals. The MOA's first duty is to obtain the patient's personal information before proceeding with the medical journey. Once the MOA collects the patient's information, he will begin transferring the patient to the doctor's office. At this point, the doctor may begin to perform medical procedures. Memorandum of Association (MOA) with its partners defines a company relationship. Is a Memorandum of Association (MOA) To define its relationship with partners Formation of limited liability company And is a legal document prepared during the registration process. The Military Operation Area (MOA) is a Class A aircraft designated to distinguish or differentiate certain hazardous military operations from IFR traffic and to identify VFR traffic carrying these operations. A company is also involved in a business or industrial organization is In order to operate a law firm Created by a group of individuals. They vary between private and public companies. Both have different ownership structures, Terms and conditions include financial statement requirements. The document containing Rules governing the internal management of a company and the regulations are called the article of the association. Select the document type as the consolidation document and select the year the attachment was filed. Pay the fee and request a certified copy. Memorandum of Association (MoA) Memorandum of Association articles there are the following subcategories: This subdivision refers to the name of the company. Company name should not be synonymous with any existing company. Also, if it is a private company, the last word should be the private company.
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Alexander Mikhailovich AMINEV – surgeon, Professor, Honored worker of science of the RSFSR (to the 115th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-4-293-293.
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Alexander Aminev was born in 1904 in the village of Pokrovsky, Artyomovsky District, Sverdlovsk Region. From 1914 to 1919, he studied at the men's gymnasium, after the second grade school. Irbitsk. In 1921, Alexander Mikhailovich entered the medical faculty of the Ural University. In 1926, he became an intern at the Proedeutic Surgery Clinic, and then Assistant of the Department of General Surgery of the Medical Faculty of Perm University. In 1935 he was awarded the academic title of candidate of medical sciences. From 1936-1937 years A.M. Aminev worked as a director of the propedeutic surgical clinic, from 1936-1938. - Secretary of the editorial staff of the Works, from 1937 - assistant professor, from 1937 to October 1938. From 1937 he began to study and develop an endoscopic method - peritoneoscopy, for the first time in the USSR Endoscopic liver biopsy, liver wound tamponade and epiploon, removal of a foreign body from the abdominal cavity and dissection of adhesions. In 1938, A.M. Astrakhan was appointed director and at the same time head of the department of faculty surgery at the Astrakhan Medical Institute. In 1940, he received the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences and the title of professor. Since the beginning of World War II, Professor A.M. Aminev was appointed part-time free surgery of the hospital department of the Astrakhan regional health department. In September 1942, he was called up to the front by an army surgeon of the 28th Combined Arms, and then the 5th Panzer Army, and went from Stalingrad to Berlin.In 1945, A.M. Aminev moved to Kuibyshev, where he became head of the department of hospital surgery, headed for almost 40 years. In 1948 he wrote the first in the country monograph on peritoneoscopy on laparoscopy. He became the author of 14 monographs and 265 scientific papers on coloproctology. In 1964 he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR. In 1969 "Lectures on proctology" were published, they were marked with the Prize for them. N.I. Pirogov, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. In the aggregate, A.M. Aminev is the author of 37 monographs and 518 scientific papers. Among his students are 112 candidates and 35 doctors of medical sciences.Alexander Mikhailovich is a member of the Board of Directors of Surgery, a member of the Board of the All-Union and All-Russian Scientific Society, a chairman of the Kuybyshev Regional Scientific Society of Surgery, an honorary member of the international community, and also a co-editor of the journal Gastroenterology, Colon and Rectum Surgery (USA), honorary member 11 scientific surgical societies of the country. He was beaten by a deputy of the regional, city and district Soviets of Workers' Deputies. A.M. Aminev was awarded the Order of Lenin (twice), the October Revolution, the Red Star, World War 1 and 2 degrees, eight medals. Alexander Mikhailovich died on February 11, 1984 and was buried in Kuibyshev, since 1991 - Samara.After the death of the scientist, his name was given. In 2007, in Samara, on Galaktionovskaya Street, where A.M. Aminev, a plaque was opened in his honor.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Helen Greiner, Serial Robotics Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of CyPhy Works, CoFounder iRobot Corporation." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2015-0035.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is innovator Helen Greiner, Founder and CEO of CyPhy Works. Ms Greiner describes her technical and business experiences delivering ground robots into the industrial, consumer and military markets, which led to her pioneering flying robot solutions. Findings Helen Greiner received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering and a master’s degree in computer science, both from MIT. She also holds an honorary doctor of engineering degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Greiner is one of the three co-founders of iRobot Corp (Nasdaq: IRBT) and served as iRobot’s Vice President of Engineering (1990-1994), President (1994-2008), and Chairman (2004-2008). She founded CyPhy Works in 2008. Greiner has also served as the President, Board Member for the Robotics Technology Consortium; a Trustee for MIT; and is currently a Trustee for the Boston Museum of Science. Originality/value Inspired as a child by the movie Star Wars, Greiner’s life goal has been to create robots. Greiner was one of three people that founded iRobot Corporation and developed a culture of innovation that led to the Roomba Autonomous Vacuuming Robot. There are now more than 12 million Roombas worldwide. She also led iRobot’s entry into the military marketplace with the creation and deployment of over 6,000 PackBot robots. Greiner has received many awards and honors for her contributions in technology innovation and business leadership. She was named by the Kennedy School at Harvard in conjunction with the US News and World Report as one of America’s Best Leaders and was honored by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International with the prestigious Pioneer Award. She has also been honored as a Technology Review Magazine “Innovator for the Next Century” and has been awarded the DEMO God Award and DEMO Lifetime Achievement Award. She was named one of the Ernst & Young New England Entrepreneurs of the Year, invited to the World Economic Forum as a Global Leader of Tomorrow and Young Global Leader and has been inducted in the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame.
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Alexeevich, Andreev Alexander, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Henri Marie Rene Leriche – a French surgeon and physiologist, member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (to the 140th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-3-206-206.
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Rene Lerish was born in 1879, graduated from the Maristes School. In 1893 he received a bachelor's degree in rhetoric. In the years 1899-1900 Lerish served military service. In 1902, after graduating from the Faculty of Medicine in Lyon, he worked as an external student. In 1906, Lerish wrote a doctoral thesis on gastric resection for cancer. In the First World War, Lerish was at the front, where, among other things, he headed the school for the improvement of military field surgeons, wrote a number of works on the treatment of fractures, suggested organizing a center for vascular surgery. After the war, Leriche worked in Lyon until 1924, when he received the department of clinical surgery at the University of Strasbourg. In 1937, he took the place of professor at the College de France. Rene Leriche investigated the problem of pain, studied the sympathetic nervous system, including. Leriche developed access to the parathyroid glands, methods of resection of the stomach and treatment of trophic ulcers with varicose veins, periarterial sympathectomy (1913), operations for endarteritis obliterans and post-thrombophlebitic syndrome, described the syndrome of Leriche and proposed a method for its treatment. His work has also been devoted to problems of orthopedics, surgical endocrinology and anesthesiology. Leriche was the author of the concept, which called for restoring not so much the structure, but the function of the affected organ. Returning to Lyon in 1940, he resigned from the post of Minister of Health and until 1952 worked at the Center for Vascular Surgery in Lyon. He was the founder and first president of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons. In 1955, Rene Lerish died. He published about 1,200 scientific papers, including 21 monographs. Leriche was a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1945), the National Academy of Medicine and the Academy of Surgery of France (1946), received the title of honorary doctor of thirty foreign universities. In 1958 in France a postage stamp was issued with his name and a portrait on it.
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Sergei Ivanovich SPASOKUKOTSKY - academician, Professor, chief surgeon of the Kremlin Medical and sanitary Department (to the 150th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-1-71.
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Sergei Ivanovich Spasokukotsky was born in Kostroma in 1870 in the family of a Zemstvo doctor. In 1879 he entered the Yaroslavl provincial gymnasium, in 1888 the medical faculty of Moscow University. Having received a doctor's degree, Sergey Ivanovich supervised the construction of the hospital on the Arkhangelsk railway, worked in the clinic of Professor L. L. Levshin in Moscow. In 1898, S. I. Spasokukotsky defended his thesis on" Bone grafting in amputation of limbs." In 1900. he makes a report on hernias at the I Congress of Russian surgeons, and 3 years later publishes his report on 600 performed hernias. In 1902, he presented a scientific study on "the gatekeeper's Obstruction and its surgical treatment". By the end of the 1900s, half of the stomach operations in Russia were performed by S. I. Spasokukotsky. In 1909-1911 he worked as the head of the surgical Department of Saratov city hospital, since 1912. Professor of the Department of topographic anatomy and operative surgery, then head of the Department of hospital surgical clinic of Saratov University. S. I. Spasokukotsky studied various aspects of the treatment of ulcers and stomach cancer, problems of acute appendicitis, liver surgery, biliary tract and postoperative complications, neurosurgery. He was the first to use fat swabs to fight bleeding in brain surgery (1913). In 1915, during the First world war, he worked as a consultant surgeon on the South-Western front. Invented a method of skin-bone flap, suggested puncture method of treatment of abscesses of the brain. In 1923 S. I. Spasokukotsky for the first time in the USSR made and highly estimated diagnostic value of encephalography; one of the first began to develop a problem of surgical treatment of brain tumors, made resection of a share of a lung, for the first time pointed to the actinomycotic nature of group of pulmonary suppuration. He demonstrated the advantages of thoracoplasty in his work "the Role of surgery in the treatment of purulent pulmonary diseases. Thoracoplasty" (1925). Since 1926 Sergey Ivanovich is the head of the faculty clinic and the Department of faculty surgery of the 2nd Moscow medical Institute. N. And. Pirogov (now Russian national research medical University named after N. And. Pirogov). He introduced a polyclinic reception, strict adherence to asepsis, visiting patients at certain hours, local anesthesia, developed a method of treating the surgeon's hands. Since 1927, S. I. Spasokukotsky chief surgeon of the Medical and sanitary Department of the Kremlin, head of the surgical sector of the Institute of blood transfusion in Moscow. His experience was summarized in the monograph "blood Transfusion in surgery" (1935). From 1935 to the end of his life S. I. Spasokukotsky was a member of the Board of the all-Union society of surgeons. He was a member of the editorial Board of a number of medical journals and from 1921 to 1932 was editor of the journal "New surgical archive". S. I. Spasokukotsky was awarded the Stalin prize of I degree (1942), the government cash prize of 30 thousand rubles and the ZIS car, orders of Lenin, the red banner of Labor and medals In 1942. Sergey Ivanovich was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The scientific school of S. I. Spasokukotsky consists of 35 professors, 33 associate professors and candidate of medical Sciences. He published more than 143 scientific publications, including monographs. On November 17, 1943 Sergey Ivanovich died of liver cancer and was buried at Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. His name is called surgery (herniation, gastric resection, amputation). The street was named after Spasokukotsky in Kostroma; in Moscow: faculty surgical clinic of the Russian national research medical University named after N. So. Pirogov and city hospital №50 (2015). In front of the main building of the City clinical hospital №1 on Leninsky Prospekt it has a monument-bust.
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Andreev, Alexandr Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Vasili Ivanovich RAZUMOVSKY (to the 160th anniversary since the birth)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-1-86.
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Vasili Ivanovich Razumovsky, a Russian and Soviet surgeon, doctor of medicine (1884), Professor (1887), Honored scientist of the RSFSR (1934), one of the founders and the first rector of Saratov (1909-1912), Tbilisi (1918) and the Baku state University (1919), Hero of Labor (1923), holder of the order of St. Prince Vladimir III and IV degrees, St. Anne's I, II and III degree, St. Stanislaus 3 degrees.
Vasili Ivanovich Razumovsky was born March 27, 1857. In 1875, after graduating from high school with a gold medal goes to the medical faculty of Kazan University, from which he graduated in 1880. In 27 years he successfully defended his doctoral thesis on the topic: "the question of atrophic processes in the bones after cutting the nerves."
In 1885 he was appointed prosector in 1886 – assistant Professor, in 1887, is an extraordinary Professor in the Department of operative surgery, in 1894 – ordinary Professor, Department of hospital surgery, in 1896 – was transferred to the Department of faculty surgical clinic, 1905 – Dean of the medical faculty of Kazan University. In the years 1909-1912, the first rector of the organized Imperial Saratov University. After the February revolution V. I. Razumovsky was appointed the chief surgeon of the Caucasian front. In 1917 he organized in Tiflis was one of the first in the USSR, the trauma of the institutions involved in the organization and construction of the Caucasian-Russian (Tbilisi) and Azerbaijan University (Baku) and becomes its first rector. In 1920 V. I. Razumovsky returned to Saratov and head of the Department of General surgery of medical faculty of Saratov University. In 1923 received the Title of Hero of Labor (1923). In 1930 V. I. Razumovsky retired and lived in the Philippines, working as a consultant. In 1934 he became the Honored science worker of the RSFSR.
7 July 1935 Razumovsky died. Was a knight of the order of St. Prince Vladimir III and IV degrees, St. Anne's I, II and III degree, St. Stanislaus 3 degrees.
In honor named after V. I. Razumovsky Saratov state medical University (2009), to which it is a monument (2009), 2nd city clinical hospital, street in the resort of Essentuki, street in Baku, the ship "Surgeon Razumovsky" (1961). Plaques installed in Essentuki and Baku. In Essentuki historical Museum to them. V. P. Shpakovsky created a memorial room of the scientist.
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Motsnyi, F. V. "Nobel Prize Level Scientific Discoveries of a Heir of Zaporizhian Cossacks." Statistics of Ukraine 88, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.15.
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In this work, three fundamental discoveries of the Ukraine-born Prof. George A. Gamow are presented from a single scientific and methodological point of view. Each of them is truly worth of the Nobel Prize – the most prestigious recognition of achievements of a scientist.
We trace the emergence of G. Gamow as one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century – encyclopaedist, theoretical physicist by heart, astrophysicist and biophysicist, talented and brilliant popularizer of science, whose works are readable in one go, as well as the author of unforgettable pranks and jokes.
Gamow was a Fellow of the Danish Royal Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Astronomical Union, the American Physical Society, an honorary doctor of countless universities. Although his name is little known in Ukraine, the history of science would be incomplete without him.
From an early age G. Gamow has shown a great interest in scientific research, using a microscope to look for erythrocytes and a telescope to observe the Halley comet. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad State University, where he followed classes of Professor O. Friedman, founder of the evolutionary cosmology. He has undergone training at the University of Goettingen, the center of theoretical physics at the time, worked for Nobel Prize winners Professors E. Rutherford and N. Bohr. At the age of 28, G. Gamow, by the recommendation of academician V. Vernadskyi, became the member of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, the youngest member in the entire history of its existence.
Throughout his life, G. Gamow was interested in the fundamental scientific problems and made numerous world-class discoveries that are written by golden letters in the treasury of the human civilization. He has found explanation to the E. Rutherford’s experiments with alpha particles (tunnelling effect); introduced the empirical formula of Geiger – Nettoll, connecting the energy of alpha particles to the half-life of radioactive nuclei. G. Gamow is one of the pioneers of the liquid-drop model of a nucleus, and the application of nuclear physics to the evolution of stars. He proposed a fantastic hypothesis about the early universe, suggesting it being not only super dense but also very hot. He also built the Big Bang theory, which led to the existence of relic radiation (space microwave background) with the characteristic temperature of 5–7 degrees above the absolute zero, detected by methods of radio astronomy. He proposed a triplet model of the genetic code - the alphabet of life with three-letter words, experimentally proven by X-ray structural studies of DNA and empirically established rules of E. Chargaff. These discoveries have greatly contributed not only to the development of the modern science, but to the industrial and economic expansion of humanity.
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Editors. "RECOMMENDATIONS AUTHORS." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik102158-160.
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The academic peer-reviewed journal "Vestnik VGIK" (Journal of Film Arts and Film Studies) is the leading scientific periodical of the All-Russian State Institute of cinematography named after S. A. Gerasimov. The decision of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russian Ministry of education "Vestnik VGIK" is included in the List of leading reviewed scientific journals and publications to publish basic scientific results of dissertations on competition of scientific degrees of doctor and candidate of Sciences to meet the requirements of WAC on the scientific field of "Art history","Philosophy of science".Recommendations for authors.
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Schneider, Jerry, and Elena Levtchenko. "A Personal History of Cystinosis by Dr. Jerry Schneider." Cells 11, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11060945.
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Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease that is tightly linked with the name of the American physician and scientist Dr. Jerry Schneider. Dr. Schneider (1937–2021) received his medical degree from Northwestern University, followed by a pediatrics residency at Johns Hopkins University and a fellowship in inherited disorders of metabolism. He started to work on cystinosis in J. Seegmiller’s laboratory at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and subsequently moved to the UC San Diego School of Medicine, where he devoted his entire career to people suffering from this devastating lysosomal storage disorder. In 1967, Dr. Schneider’s seminal Science paper ‘Increased cystine in leukocytes from individuals homozygous and heterozygous for cystinosis’ opened a new era of research towards understanding the pathogenesis and finding treatments for cystinosis patients. His tremendous contribution transformed cystinosis from a fatal disorder of childhood to a treatable chronic disease, with a new generation of cystinosis patients being now in their 40th and 50th years. Dr. Schneider wrote a fascinating ‘Personal History of Cystinosis’ highlighting the major milestones of cystinosis research. Unfortunately, he passed away before this manuscript could be published. Fifty-five years after his first paper on cystinosis, the ‘Personal History of Cystinosis’ by Dr. Schneider is a tribute to his pioneering discoveries in the field and an inspiration for young doctors and scientists who have taken over the torch of cystinosis research towards finding a cure for cystinosis.
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Jawaid, Wajid. "THE NATIONAL LICENSING EXAMINATION: A COMPARISON WITH OTHER MAJOR MEDICAL LICENSING EXAMINATIONS AND PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR WIDER ACCEPTANCE." KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 185–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2021.22251.
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Heads: A medical student completes their Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree after five years of mentally exhausting and back-breaking toil. They then go on to complete one demanding year of internship in a hospital. Now they want to start their clinical practice. The regulatory body of physicians has some other ideas though. It wants them to give yet another exam, covering the same subjects they have cleared during MBBS. When they think they have the right to be practicing independently, they have to study hard and undertake an exam again.
Tails: A regulatory body of physicians in the country knows the quality of medical teaching in the country is not uniform. The standard of training during internship also varies greatly. Yet, after attaining MBBS degree and completing internship, every medical doctor is deemed qualified enough to manage the patients without any supervision. The regulatory body, therefore, introduces a uniform licensing exam that every doctor needs to pass before starting independent clinical practice. It believes that only those who had attained a minimum acceptable level of competence will eventually be capable enough to pass the exam and thus be qualified to treat people.
Medical licensing examinations are considered a tool to gauge a doctor’s competence for unsupervised clinical practice. The National Licensing Examination (NLE) was announced on 24th September 2020 in Section 20 of the Pakistan Medical Commission (PMC) Act 2020.1 The idea was inspired by similar exams in many other countries.2 Fast forward more than one year, this exam still faces stiff resistance from many medical students and Pakistan Medical Association (PMA).3,4 Broadly, there are two main objections: The nature of the exam itself, and its applicability. The medical students deem it unfair to be asked to appear in another exam after obtaining their MBBS degree. Another point of contention is in including all current medical students. It is argued that only those students should be asked to undertake the exam that began their MBBS education after the PMC Act 2020. A petition filed in Lahore High Court to this effect was dismissed by the adjudicating judge, making it mandatory for all current and future medical students to pass the NLE.5
Is this exam really so flawed that it should be abandoned altogether? Is PMC justified in taking this exam? Are the concerns of the protesting students valid? Is there a middle ground in this conflict? Let us analyze the current format of the NLE and compare it with the two most coveted medical licensing exams in the world.
The NLE is designed as a two-step examination. The first step is the multiple-choice questions (MCQ) based theory component containing 70% MCQs from clinical sciences and 30% MCQs from basic sciences. A student has to pass this first step in order to qualify for the second Clinical Skills Examination (CSE). The CSE aims to evaluate essential clinical skills required by a general medical practitioner through a structured clinical examination. The students can appear in the first theory component only after acquiring their MBBS qualification. Both steps need to be passed in order to attain permanent medical license from PMC.6
The United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) is the most well-known medical licensing exam in the world. It is a three-step exam comprising of Step 1, Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), and Step 3. Step 1, an MCQ exam, is attempted by the local students at the end of 2nd year of medical education. It is designed to test the examinee’s aptitude to apply basic and integral science concepts to clinical scenarios. Step 2 CK is an MCQ exam that assesses the examinee’s grasp on the medical knowledge and understanding of clinical sciences that are considered essential for patient care under supervision. Local students appear in this exam in the 4th year of their medical education; passing this exam is essential to receive medical graduation. Step 3 is again an MCQ exam that assesses the candidate’s caliber to apply medical knowledge for unsupervised practice of medicine. This exam is attempted after obtaining medical graduation and passing the exam is necessary to practice independently in the US. After the decision to abandon the Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS) examination in February 2021, there is currently no clinical examination in the USMLE. International Medical Graduates (IMGs) need to clear Step 1 and Step 2 CK (not necessarily in order and at no fixed time) to become eligible for Step 3.7
The Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board test (PLAB) is a two-part exam taken by General Medical Council (GMC) of the United Kingdom (UK).PLAB 1 is an MCQ based exam that tests the examinee’s ability to apply the acquired medical knowledge to answer clinical-scenario based questions. PLAB 2 is a clinical exam that tests the candidate’s clinical and communication skills on standardized patients.8 Currently, only IMGs need to appear in the exam in order to practice medicine independently in UK. This is set to change from 2024; GMC has announced Medical Licensing Assessment (MLA) that both UK locals and IMGs will need to pass from 2024 onwards in order to attain the medical registration.9
It is clear from the above discussion that regulatory bodies in many countries including the US test their local students with standardized exam in addition to their medical college graduation. The UK has also announced a similar system for their local students from 2024. Therefore, concept of the NLE is a sound one, based on the international practices. The problem may lie in the format and timing of the exam.
MBBS curriculum is broadly divided into two categories: Basic sciences and clinical sciences. Basic sciences, as the name suggests, contain core subjects that are essential to understand the basics of human body. These include subjects like anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology etc. These are typically focused more during the first three years of MBBS. Clinical sciences deal with more practical subjects like medicine, surgery, paediatrics, gynaecology etc. These subjects are given more emphasis during the final two years of MBBS.
The key to the deadlock may lie in the timing and curriculum of NLE. Currently, a student is asked to study all the subjects again after obtaining MBBS degree for the MCQ based theoretical exam.6 This means studying the basic sciences again, the portions of which they may have studied years ago. The exam may be divided into three separate portions comprising of a) MCQ exam of basic sciences, b) MCQ exam of clinical sciences, and c) a clinical skills exam. The idea is to take the exam when the students are actually studying the examined subjects, rather than taking it all together in the end. Table 1 demonstrates the proposed format and timing of the NLE.
TABLE I: PROPOSED FORMAT AND TIMING OF THE NATIONAL LICENSING EXAMINATION
Exam
Subjects/Skills
Format
Minimum Qualification
NLE Step 1
Basic Sciences
MCQ
2nd Year MBBS
NLE Step 2
Clinical Sciences
MCQ
4th Year MBBS
NLE Step 3
Clinical and Communication Skills
Structured Clinical Examination
5th Year MBBS
NLE=National Licensing Examination; MCQ=Multiple-choice questions; MBBS=Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
Splitting the exam into the three proposed steps will be advantageous for all concerned, i.e. PMC, medical students, and the public. PMC will achieve the desired objective of assessing a physician’s competence before offering registration. Students will be appearing in NLE steps that will be covering subjects in accordance with their current/recent MBBS curriculum. This will reduce the burden for the students and make the exam more agreeable for them. The public will receive healthcare only from those doctors who would have proved their competence.
Heads or tails?
We win both ways!
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Kidd, Gerald D., L. Clarke Cox, and Melanie L. Matthies. "Boston University Doctor of Science Degree Program." American Journal of Audiology 12, no. 1 (June 2003): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2003/002).
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This article describes the development of the Boston University Clinical Doctoral Program in Audiology dating from its inception in 1985 to the present. The issues surrounding the establishment of the clinical doctorate, entering the program, and the curriculum are discussed. The unique features of this program and associated resources available within the clinical and scientific community of the greater Boston area are highlighted.
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Naumov, A. G., A. S. Shprykov, D. A. Sutyagina, E. R. Kryukov, P. A. Bochkarev, and M. A. Spiridonov. "Surgeon, citizen, teacher (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor I.S. Nikolaev)." Kazan medical journal 102, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2021-110.
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The article provides information about a prominent Nizhny Novgorod surgeon, the first head of the tuberculosis department of the Gorky Medical Institute named after S.M. Kirov (now Privolzhsky Research Medical University) Ivan Semenovich Nikolaev. Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev went through the horrors of the Great Patriotic War, worked with prominent doctors of his time (L.V. Bogush, B.A. Korolev, S.S. Yudin), achieved unprecedented success in the surgical treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, received the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences after defending the candidate's thesis (for the first time in the history of the Gorky Medical Institute named after S.M. Kirov) due to the uniqueness and fundamental nature of the scientific materials presented. Professor Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev successfully combined pedagogical, scientific and medical work with great organizational and social work. For many years, I.S. Nikolaev was a member of the board of the All-Union and All-Russian Society of Phthisiologists, for more than 20 years he was the Chairman of the Board of the Gorky Scientific Medical Society of Phthisiologists, a member of the editorial board of the journal Problems of Tuberculosis. Many times Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev represented the Nizhny Novgorod phthisiology and medical institute at the All-Union and All-Russian congresses and conferences of phthisiologists was a member of their presidiums. In 1988, Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev, due to his age, left the position of head of the tuberculosis department and worked as a consultant professor for several years, and then retired. In recent years, he lived in his native village Paustovo (Vyaznikovsky district, Vladimir region). In 1999, Ivan Semyonovich died.
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Koehnke, Janet, Joan Besing, Kelly Shea-Miller, and Brett Martin. "Seton Hall University Doctor of Science Degree Program." American Journal of Audiology 13, no. 1 (June 2004): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2004/003).
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This article provides an overview of the clinical doctoral program in audiology at Seton Hall University. It is a full-time, 4-year program that includes academic course work, clinical practica, and research experience. In concert with the university mission, the program is designed to enable students to develop the skills they need to be leaders in the field of audiology, providing assessment and intervention to individuals with hearing problems and enhancing the knowledge base of the profession. As part of the School of Graduate Medical Education, students in the program have access to a wealth of resources in related health professions. The close proximity to New York City provides many opportunities for outstanding clinical education with a diverse population.
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Semenyuk, B. "The life and work of A.Richinsky as an example of service to Christian ideals." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 41 (December 26, 2006): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2007.41.1843.
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The name of Arsen Rychinsky - a doctor, church and public figure, a prominent religious ethnologist - is being forgotten today. Arsen Rychinsky was born in the village of Tetilitsa, Kremenetsky district of the former Volyn province in a priest's family, studied at the Kremenetsky Pymnasium, and after graduating from Zhytomyr Theological Seminary. While studying at the seminary, Arsen Richinsky produced manuscripts and journals. A well-endowed young man searched hard for himself. Perhaps that is why in 1911 he became not a priest but a teacher of the parish school of the village of Sidnyarka, Lutsk county. He taught Richinsky not for long, but his love for school, he kept his children for life. From September 1911 Rychinsky studied at the University of Warsaw, and from the beginning of World War I transferred to the University of St. Vladimir in Kiev. In March 1917 he successfully passed the exams and was approved "to the degree of a doctor with all the rights and advantages of the laws of this degree assigned."
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Andreev, Alexander Alekceevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Vladimir Dmitrievich FEDOROV, doctor of medical Sciences, Professor, academician, Director of the Institute of surgery them. A.V. Vishnevsky (to 85-th anniversary from birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2018-11-1-81.
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Vladimir Dmitrievich Fedorov was born on 21 March 1933 in Moscow. After finishing school he entered in the 2nd Moscow medical Institute named after N. And. Pirogov (1950-1956), where he performed the duties of Secretary of the Bureau of the Komsomol of the course and the member of the Komsomol Committee of the Institute; engaged in experimental work on the defibrillation of the heart. Studied in residency (1956-1958), graduate school (1958-1960), worked as a teaching assistant (1960-1966) and then associate Professor (1966-1971) chair of hospital surgery of the 2nd Moscow state medical Institute. In 1963 he defended his Ph. D. in 1971 doctoral dissertation. In 1972, Vladimir Dmitrievich Fedorov was appointed Director of research laboratory surgery clinic of the Ministry of health of the RSFSR. In 1976, on the initiative of V. D. Fedorov was the first in the USSR Department of Coloproctology of the Central doctors improvement Institute, which he headed for 13 years. In 1982 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1986, academician of the Academy of medical Sciences (AMS) of the USSR. Since 1988, Vladimir Fyodorov, Director of the Institute of surgery named after AV Vishnevsky Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR. In 1990, V. D. Fedorov elected to the chair of surgery, faculty of postgraduate professional education of Moscow medical Academy named after I. M. Sechenov. Since 1974 he worked as a Deputy chief surgeon of the Medical center of President's Affairs Administration of the Russian Federation.
D. Fedorov is the author of over 500 scientific works, including 13 copyright certificates and patents, and 20 monographs. Under his leadership, and counseling are protected by 32 doctoral and 47 master's theses.
V. D. Fedorov was an honorary member of the Russian Association of endoscopic surgery and the Association hepatobiliary surgery, Moscow surgical society, surgical scientific societies of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and the Saratov region, Chairman of the surgical section and member of the Presidium of scientific medical Council of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, a member of the Interdepartmental health Council, Deputy chief editor of the journal "Surgery", member of the editorial Board of the journal "Surgical Laparoscopy and Endoscopy" and one of the oldest journals "British Journal of Surgery". For two years he headed the Association of surgeons named after N. And. Pirogov (1992-1994). More than 10 years he was a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and performed the duties of Chairman of the Board of Directors of the institutes of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences. Vladimir Dmitrievich, a foreign member of the Belarusian Academy of medical Sciences (2000) and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (2003), honorary Professor of the Petrovsky national research center of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and the Bashkir medical College. Academician V. D. Fedorov is the main national representative in the International society of surgeons (1990) national representative in the International society of University surgeons Coloproctology. Mr Kuznetsov – laureate of the State prize of the USSR (1985) and the RSFSR (1991), RF Government prize (2002), Honored scientist of Russia (1997), awarded the order of red banner of Labor (1976, 1978), Lenin (1983), "For merits before Fatherland" III degree, Friendship of peoples (1993).
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Dąbrowski, Przemysław. "Stopień doktora praw w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w Polsce – regulacje prawne oraz postulaty Wydziałów Prawa." Politeja 18, no. 6(75) (December 16, 2021): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.75.22.
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Doctor of Law Degree in the Interwar Period in Poland – Legal Regulations and Postulates of the Faculties of Law Several periods can be distinguished in the creation of legal regulations regarding the doctoral degree, including the doctor of laws. The first one, until 1924, was of a transitional nature, the years 1924-1933 were used to develop general, procedural guidelines, and the period after 1933 was to adapt the existing regulations to the new Act on Academic Schools. It should be noted that all legal acts relating to the doctoral degree were consulted with law faculties, and their opinions had a direct impact on the introduced changes.
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Lopatina, Natalya. "Library and information sciences in 2017–2018: The focuses and findings of theses research." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2019-5-7-21.
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The author reviews and analyzes theses in the disciplines 05.25.03 – Library science, bibliography and bibliology, and 05.25.05 – Information systems and processes, defended at Moscow State Institute of Culture, Dissertation Committee D 210.010.01 in support of candidature and doctorate for a degree in pedagogy and engineering. The dissertations by A. V. Trusov, E. V. Russkikh, O. O. Kondratenko, K. E. Sokolinsky, D. A. Bashirov, I. A. Vaganova and M. A. Kharintseva are discussed. The bibliographic data, information on supervisors, official opponents and organization, research findings, and issues discussed at a viva voce, are cited for each of the theses.The process of the dissertation discussion by scientific community and the members of the dissertation committee is reviewed. The Dissertation Committee offered several practical applications for the solutions as suggested by the candidates. The prospects for further studies are revealed, prospective scientific problems are set up.The publication activities of the applicants are analyzed; the open sites (conferences, professional forums) where theses findings are tested are defined. The journals interested in the publications of new masters and doctors are named.
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Nizhnik, Nadezhda. "The State-legal Institute of Outdoor Surveillance in the Russian Empire is the subject of research by modern scientists." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-4-201-212.
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At the meeting of the dissertation Council 03.2.008.03, for the defense of dissertations for the degree of Candidate of Sciences, for the degree of Doctor of Science in the scientific specialty 5.1.1. Theoretical and historical legal sciences (legal sciences), created on the basis of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, on October 4, 2022, the dissertation defense was passed for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences A. V. Matveev on the topic «Institute of surveillance in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire (historical and legal research), led by Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation N. S. Nizhnik. The Dissertation Council, the meeting of which was chaired by Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation M. V. Bavsun, unanimously decided that A. V. Matveev’s dissertation is a scientific qualification work that is essential for historical and legal science and meets the requirements established by the Regulations on Awarding Academic Degrees, as well as on awarding A. V. Matveev the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences in the specialty 5.1.1.
The article is an analysis of the relevance of the dissertation and the results of the scientific study conducted by A. V. Matveev.
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Krakovskiy, Konstantin. "Reflections on the destiny of the Russian political police, evoked by A.V. Matveev’s dissertation on «The Institute of Surveillance in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire (historical and legal research)»." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-4-213-221.
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At the meeting of the dissertation Council 03.2.008.03, for the defense of dissertations for the degree of Candidate of Sciences, for the degree of Doctor of Science in the scientific specialty 5.1.1. Theoretical and historical legal sciences (legal sciences), created on the basis of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, on October 4, 2022, the dissertation defense was passed for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences A. V. Matveev on the topic «Institute of surveillance in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire (historical and legal research), led by Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation N. S. Nizhnik. The Dissertation Council, the meeting of which was chaired by Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation M. V. Bavsun, unanimously decided that A. V. Matveev’s dissertation is a scientific qualification work that is essential for historical and legal science and meets the requirements established by the Regulations on Awarding Academic Degrees, as well as on awarding A. V. Matveev the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences in the specialty 5.1.1.
The article is a review of the dissertation of an official opponent, in which the structure and content of the dissertation of A.V. Matveev are analyzed.
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Chen, Shih-Chuan. "Information-seeking behavior of female doctor shoppers: results from an interview study." Electronic Library 39, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-04-2020-0092.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the information-seeking behavior of female patients engaged in doctor shopping. An investigation was conducted on the following aspects: the reasons for doctor-shopping behavior (DSB), patients’ information needs and sources, patients’ use of the obtained information and the degree of satisfaction with the information collected. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted in this study. In total, 30 female participants who lived or worked in the Taipei metropolitan area, Taiwan, were recruited. Findings Dissatisfaction with treatment, confirmation of illness conditions, inconvenient treatment locations and hours and dissatisfaction with doctor’s attitude were the main reasons for DSB. Family members, friends, the internet and mass media were sources of information for participants when they sought second and successive doctors. In most cases, the degree of satisfaction toward the obtained information increased after each visit to a doctor during the doctor-shopping journey. However, not all participants shared information with doctors. The participants suggested that detailed explanations provided by doctors and better communication with doctors may reduce the occurrence of doctor shopping. Originality/value The findings of this study help medical personnel better understand DSB. The findings revealed the significance of information to patients and indicated that the information collected during doctor shopping is beneficial for patients.
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Lockwood, John L. "Doctor of Plant Health Degree and International Programs: The Council Acts." Plant Disease 69, no. 7 (1985): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-69-547.
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Brandfonbrener, Alice G. "Doctor/Patient Communication for Dummies." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2003.1001.
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Please don’t interpret the title of this editorial as a sleight. Rather, it reflects my admiration for and indebtedness to the books “for Dummies,” which have allowed me a certain degree of success in using a computer, not to mention spending endless hours with Photoshop. In fact, with the acquisition of each new electronics-related activity, I immediately bypass the official handbooks in favor of the much more user-friendly “Dummies” books on each relevant subject. I only wish I could enlighten my readers half as clearly and cleverly as the writers of “Dummies.” Aside from my wish to honor these books, a more apt title for the editorial might have been “The Best and the Worst about 21st Century Patient Communications.”
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Zakharchuk, T., and A. Gruzova. "Dissertation defense board of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture: 1938−2018." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2019-6-106-114.
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The history of the first in the country dissertation defense board, established at the N. K. Krupskaya Communist Institute of Political Education (today – St.Petersburg State Institute of Culture) is examined. The Board was established to review the theses in librarianship and bibliography. The analysis is based on the bibliography of dissertations defended during 80 years: the bibliography comprises 592 works. The main historical stages of the board are characterized; data on the number of doctor and candidate defenses during various periods is given. Several doctorate theses that made serious impact in the library and information sector are characterized; the geography of degree applicants (USSR republics, Asian, African, Latin American states) is analyzed; the subject scope of their investigations is discussed. The main research vectors and the most efficient supervisors are named. The author reveals the links between the defended dissertations and the Institute’s area of studies and scholar schools in the library and information sciences. The reasons for decreasing number of theses and changing subject scope are discussed.
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Boyko, Ihor. "LIFE PATH, SCIENTIFIC-PEDAGOGICAL AND PUBLIC ACTIVITY OF VOLODYMYR SOKURENKO (TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 72, no. 72 (June 20, 2021): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.72.158.
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The life path, scientific-pedagogical and public activity of Volodymyr Sokurenko – a prominent Ukrainian jurist, doctor of law, professor, talented teacher of the Lviv Law School of Franko University are analyzed. It is found out that after graduating from a seven-year school in Zaporizhia, V. Sokurenko entered the Zaporizhia Aviation Technical School, where he studied two courses until 1937. 1/10/1937 he was enrolled as a cadet of the 2nd school of aircraft technicians named after All-Union Lenin Komsomol. In 1938, this school was renamed the Volga Military Aviation School, which he graduated on September 4, 1939 with the military rank of military technician of the 2nd category. As a junior aircraft technician, V. Sokurenko was sent to the military unit no. 8690 in Baku, and later to Maradnyany for further military service in the USSR Air Force. From September 4, 1939 to March 16, 1940, he was a junior aircraft technician of the 50th Fighter Regiment, 60th Air Brigade of the ZAK VO in Baku. The certificate issued by the Railway District Commissariat of Lviv on January 4, 1954 no. 3132 states that V. Sokurenko actually served in the staff of the Soviet Army from October 1937 to May 1946. The same certificate states that from 10/12/1941 to 20/09/1942 and from 12/07/1943 to 08/03/1945, he took part in the Soviet-German war, in particular in the second fighter aviation corps of the Reserve of the Supreme Command of the Soviet Army. In 1943 he joined the CPSU. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the Order of the Red Star (1943) as well as 9 medals «For Merit in Battle» during the Soviet-German war. With the start of the Soviet-German war, the Sokurenko family, like many other families, was evacuated to the town of Kamensk-Uralsky in the Sverdlovsk region, where their father worked at a metallurgical plant. After the war, the Sokurenko family moved to Lviv. In 1946, V. Sokurenko entered the Faculty of Law of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University, graduating with honors in 1950, and entered the graduate school of the Lviv State University at the Department of Theory and History of State and Law. V. Sokurenko successfully passed the candidate examinations and on December 25, 1953 in Moscow at the Institute of Law of the USSR he defended his thesis on the topic: «Socialist legal consciousness and its relationship with Soviet law». The supervisor of V. Sokurenko's candidate's thesis was N. Karieva. The Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, by its decision of March 31, 1954, awarded V. Sokurenko the degree of Candidate of Law. In addition, it is necessary to explain the place of defense of the candidate's thesis by V. Sokurenko. As it is known, the Institute of State and Law of the USSR has its history since 1925, when, in accordance with the resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of March 25, 1925, the Institute of Soviet Construction was established at the Communist Academy. In 1936, the Institute became part of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1938 it was reorganized into the Institute of Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1941–1943 it was evacuated to Tashkent. In 1960-1991 it was called the Institute of State and Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In Ukraine, there is the Institute of State and Law named after V. Koretsky of the NAS of Ukraine – a leading research institution in Ukraine of legal profile, founded in 1949. It is noted that, as a graduate student, V. Sokurenko read a course on the history of political doctrines, conducted special seminars on the theory of state and law. After graduating from graduate school and defending his thesis, from October 1, 1953 he was enrolled as a senior lecturer and then associate professor at the Department of Theory and History of State and Law at the Faculty of Law of the Lviv State University named after Ivan Franko. By the decision of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR of December 18, 1957, V. Sokurenko was awarded the academic title of associate professor of the «Department of Theory and History of State and Law». V. Sokurenko took an active part in public life. During 1947-1951 he was a member of the party bureau of the party organization of LSU, worked as a chairman of the trade union committee of the university, from 1955 to 1957 he was a secretary of the party committee of the university. He delivered lectures for the population of Lviv region. Particularly, he lectured in Turka, Chervonohrad, and Yavoriv. He made reports to the party leaders, Soviet workers as well as business leaders. He led a philosophical seminar at the Faculty of Law. He was a deputy of the Lviv City Council of People's Deputies in 1955-1957 and 1975-1978. In December 1967, he defended his doctoral thesis on the topic: «Development of progressive political thought in Ukraine (until the early twentieth century)». The defense of the doctoral thesis was approved by the Higher Attestation Commission on June 14, 1968. During 1960-1990 he headed the Department of Theory and History of State and Law; in 1962-68 and 1972-77 he was the dean of the Law Faculty of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. In connection with the criticism of the published literature, on September 10, 1977, V. Sokurenko wrote a statement requesting his dismissal from the post of Dean of the Faculty of Law due to deteriorating health. During 1955-1965 he was on research trips to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Austria, and Bulgaria. From August 1966 to March 1967, in particular, he spent seven months in the United States, England and Canada as a UN Fellow in the Department of Human Rights. From April to May 1968, he was a member of the government delegation to the International Conference on Human Rights in Iran for one month. He spoke, in addition to Ukrainian, English, Polish and Russian. V. Sokurenko played an important role in initiating the study of an important discipline at the Faculty of Law of the Lviv University – History of Political and Legal Studies, which has been studying the history of the emergence and development of theoretical knowledge about politics, state, law, ie the process of cognition by people of the phenomena of politics, state and law at different stages of history in different nations, from early statehood and modernity. Professor V. Sokurenko actively researched the problems of the theory of state and law, the history of Ukrainian legal and political thought. He was one of the first legal scholars in the USSR to begin research on the basics of legal deontology. V. Sokurenko conducted extensive research on the development of basic requirements for the professional and legal responsibilities of a lawyer, similar to the requirements for a doctor. In further research, the scholar analyzed the legal responsibilities, prospects for the development of the basics of professional deontology. In addition, he considered medical deontology from the standpoint of a lawyer, law and morality, focusing on internal (spiritual) processes, calling them «the spirit of law.» The main direction of V. Sokurenko's research was the problems of the theory of state and law, the history of legal and political studies. The main scientific works of professor V. Sokurenko include: «The main directions in the development of progressive state and legal thought in Ukraine: 16th – 19th centuries» (1958) (Russian), «Democratic doctrines about the state and law in Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century (M. Drahomanov, S. Podolynskyi, A. Terletskyi)» (1966), «Law. Freedom. Equality» (1981, co-authored) (in Russian), «State and legal views of Ivan Franko» (1966), «Socio-political views of Taras Shevchenko (to the 170th anniversary of his birth)» (1984); «Political and legal views of Ivan Franko (to the 130th anniversary of his birth)» (1986) (in Russian) and others. V. Sokurenko died on November 22, 1994 and was buried in Holoskivskyi Cemetery in Lviv. Volodymyr Sokurenko left a bright memory in the hearts of a wide range of scholars, colleagues and grateful students. The 100th anniversary of the Scholar is a splendid opportunity to once again draw attention to the rich scientific heritage of the lawyer, which is an integral part of the golden fund of Ukrainian legal science and education. It needs to be studied, taken into account and further developed.
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Koliada, Nataliia, and Liliia Morhai. "THESES ON THE SCIENTIFIC DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. QUALIFICATION 231 SOCIAL WORK. 2020 – 2021." Social work and social education, no. 2(7) (September 29, 2021): 331–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(7).2021.244878.
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The authors generalize and systematize the themes of theses on the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the speciality 231 Social Work, protected in Ukraine in 2020-2021.
To inform the scientific community about the state of training and defence of Doctors of Philosophy in Social Work theses are submitted according to the following criteria: thesis theme; supervisor; date of defence; specialized academic council, council composition; the decision of the specialized scientific council on awarding the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, approved by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine; thesis abstract; list of published works on the theme of the thesis.
The source base for quantitative analysis of these themes in social work was: orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, thesis materials (theses, reviews of reviewers, official opponents, videos of the theses defence procedure), published on the official websites of higher education institutions, scientific institutions (according to the «Temporary procedure for experimenting to award the degree of Doctor of Philosophy»).
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Karnes, Jason H., Tomefa Asempa, Jason N. Barreto, Rachel M. Belcher, Brittany D. Bissell, Roseann S. Gammal, Karen L. Kier, et al. "The essential research curriculum for doctor of pharmacy degree programs – 2021." JACCP: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 5, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1603.
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IVASHKEVICH, Vitalii B. "New professional competencies in the context of digitalization: Research of specialists in the field of accounting, analysis and audit." International Accounting 25, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.25.3.244.
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Subject. This article discusses the issues of choosing a research area, developing and submitting dissertations for defense for Master's, Candidate's and Doctor's degrees, identifying problems and research topics. Objectives. The article aims to identify problematic issues of professional training of Masters and applicants for academic degrees in the research area of Accounting, Economic Analysis and Audit, which help determine professional competencies in the context of digitalization of the economy. Methods. For the study, I used analysis, comparison, logic, induction, and deduction. Results. The article substantiates the original opinion that the change in the official name of the scientific specialty 08.00.12 – Accounting, Statistics is not a reason for abandoning the accounting topic in economics. It offers relevant areas of research in Doctor's, Candidate's and Master's theses, helping to form new professional competencies. Conclusions and Relevance. The subjects of dissertations on accounting, analysis and audit should focus on modern information systems and processes, instrumental methods of economics, problems of financial management and control. The results of the study can be used by specialists in accounting professions at enterprises, institutions and organizations, undergraduates, graduate students, teachers, heads of scientific departments of universities and faculties.
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Kitaeva, N. S., Yu M. Shiryakina, R. R. Mukhametov, and R. O. Shitov. "NIKOLAY SEMENOVICH LEZNOV: BIOGRAPHY AND CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 7 (2021): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-7-112-124.
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The main life stages of a doctor of technical sciences, professor, honored worker of science and technology of the RSFSR, a major specialist in the field of creation and implementation of polymers for new aviation materials, whose name was Nikolai Semenovich Leznov (12/17/1904–06/25/1984), were considered. The scientific works and achievements of the founder of the laboratory for the synthesis of polymers, binders for non-metallic materials, special liquids and physical and chemical studies of polymer materials of VIAM were analyzed and described.
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Salminen, Esa-Jussi, and Dmitry Anatolyevich Efremov. "SCIENCE IS GREAT JOY! (TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF JORMA LUUTONEN)." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-4-728-732.
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The article is devoted to Jorma Luutonen, the well-known researcher of the Finno-Ugric languages, Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Volga Region Languages Research Sector of the Turku University. The article considers his scientific and creative activities, highlighting his contribution to the development of Finno-Ugric studies, primarily to the study of the languages of the Volga region. His research interests also include Turkology, contrastive linguistics, lexicography, and the creation of digital language corpora. The name of the Finnish linguist is known not only throughout Finland, but also far beyond its borders.
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Kozubtsov, I. "MECHANISM OF ADAPTIVE QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF TRAINING APPLICANTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION WITH THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY FOR THE NEEDS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 4 (48) (2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2021.48.10-15.
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The Armed Forces of Ukraine are interested in highly professional subjects of scientific and scientific-technical activities, namely in highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers, whose training is carried out through an adjunct course for obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of philosophy. The problem of ensuring the quality of higher education for applicants for the degree of Doctor of philosophy for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is not solved at present and is relevant. The aim of the study is to substantiate the mechanism of Adaptive Quality Management of training applicants for higher education with a doctor of Philosophy degree for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article analyzes the key experience of recent publications, which showed the interest of a wide scientific circle in the problems of applying adaptive management in the field of education and science. Along with this, researchers have different opinions about the vision of what adaptive management should be. As a result, there is no mechanism of adaptive management in the field of education and science, and even more so in the system of training applicants for higher education with the degree of Doctor of philosophy through adjunct and postgraduate studies. Based on the analysis, it is proposed to choose the basic mechanism of Adaptive Quality Management of training of applicants for higher education of the degree of Doctor of philosophy, which is implemented by a complex methodology for building an individual adaptive learning trajectory and developing the methodological culture of applicants for higher education of the degree of Doctor of philosophy, which includes a set of design methods: 1) a variable component of educational and scientific characteristics of applicants for a Scientific School; 2) a variable component of an optional educational and scientific program of a Scientific School; 3) monitoring and diagnostics of the methodological culture of applicants in the context of the general certification procedure. The listed methods of complex methodology are implemented in a scientific school, provided that the supervisor applies an improved model of scientific and methodological support for applicants for higher education with the degree of Doctor of philosophy. Thus, a scientific novelty is obtained, which consists in the fact that for the first time a mechanism for managing the quality of training applicants for higher education for the degree of Doctor of philosophy is proposed on the basis of adaptive management according to the PDCA scheme. The practical significance of the obtained scientific result made it possible to find out the mechanism of Adaptive Quality Management of methodological training of adjuncts and postgraduates. The presented study does not exhaust all aspects of this problem. The theoretical and practical results obtained in the course of scientific research form the basis for its further study in various aspects.
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Jones, Mandy, and Frank Romanelli. "A model for implementing diagnostic instruction within Doctor of Pharmacy degree programs." JACCP: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 4, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1388.
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Stull, Roland, and Steven Businger. "Survey of Graduate Degree Procedures in Atmospheric Sciences." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-78.2.265.
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To document the inner workings of graduate degree programs, the authors surveyed the 67 American and Canadian universities that grant Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and/or Master of Science (M.S.) degrees in the atmospheric sciences and related fields. Topics included (a) admission standards such as graduate record exam scores and grade point averages; (b) start-up issues such as course requirements and computer programming skills; (c) M.S. attributes such as thesis length, years until graduation, and thesis versus nonthesis options; (d) Ph.D. procedures such as exam sequences and timing, thesis page length, workplace ethics and teamwork, and development of teaching skills; and (e) employment after graduation. This information could aid university departments in their future program planning.
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Welch Bacon, Cailee E., Nicole R. Strout, Stephanie Clines, Bonnie L. Van Lunen, and Lindsey E. Eberman. "Academic Employers' Impressions Regarding the Qualifications of Athletic Trainers With the Doctor of Athletic Training Degree." Athletic Training Education Journal 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-21-061.
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Context The emergence of the doctor of athletic training (DAT) degree creates opportunities to develop advanced practice leaders in athletic training. Preliminary data suggest academic employers are likely to hire and believe it would be beneficial to hire someone with a DAT degree; however, it remains unclear how academic employers perceive the DAT degree. Objectives To explore the impressions of academic employers regarding the qualifications of athletic trainers (ATs) with the DAT degree for employment in the academic setting. Design Qualitative study. Setting Individual video interviews. Participants A total of 11 employers who are ATs (8 women, 3 men; age = 42 ± 8.5 years; years as an educator = 10.3 ± 5.9 years). Data Collection and Analysis The primary investigator interviewed participants via individual video conferences using a semistructured interview guide to gather perceptions of the DAT degree and the role of ATs with the DAT in academic settings. Data were analyzed and coded into common themes and categories, followed by triangulation of data via the research team and member checking to ensure data accuracy. Results One predominant theme emerged relative to the employers' impressions regarding qualifications of ATs with the DAT degree. Participants characterized those with the DAT degree as being capable of conducting practice-based research and implementing innovative practices in and outside of the classroom. Participants also described DAT-credentialed ATs as individuals who embodied advanced practice characteristics demonstrated through leadership, soft skills, core competencies, and advanced application of knowledge and skills. Conclusions Although academic employers' impressions toward hiring DAT-credentialed ATs were positive, the focus and role of the DAT degree remains unclear. Further education is needed within the athletic training community to clarify the goal and focus of the DAT degree and its role in athletic training education.
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Burganova, Maria A. "LETTER FROM THE EDITOR." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 17, no. 5 (December 10, 2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2021-17-5-8-9.
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Dear readers, We are pleased to present to you Issue 5, 2021, of the scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The Space of Culture. Upon the recommendation of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission, the journal is included in the List of Leading Peer-reviewed Scientific Journals and Publications in which the main scientific results of theses for the academic degrees of doctor and candidate of science must be published. The journal publishes scientific articles by leading specialists in various humanitarian fields, doctoral students, and graduate students. Research areas concern topical problems in multiple areas of culture, art, philology, and linguistics. This versatility of the review reveals the main specificity of the journal, which represents the current state of the cultural space. The journal traditionally opens with the Academic Interview rubric. In this issue, we present an interview with Alexander Burganov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, an outstanding Russian sculptor, National Artist of Russia, Doctor of Art History, Professor, Director of the Burganov House Moscow State Museum, interviewed by Irina Sedova, the Head of the 20th Century Sculpture Department of the State Tretyakov Gallery. This dialogue became part of the sculptor’s creative evening at the State Tretyakov Gallery, which included a personal exhibition, donation of the sculptural work Letter, screening of a special film and a dialogue with the audience in the format of an interactive interview. In the article “The Apocalypse Icon from the Kremlin’s Assumption Cathedral. Dating and Historical Context”, T. Samoilova points out the similarities between some motifs of the Apocalypse iconography and the motifs of Botticelli’s illustrations to the Divine Comedy, as well as the role of a line in both artworks which testifies to the influence of the Renaissance art on icon painting of the late 15th — early 16th centuries. Studying palaeography and stylistic features of the icon, the author clarifies the dates and believes that the icon was most likely painted after 1500, in the first decade of the 16th century. P. Tsvetkova researches the features of the development of the Palladian architectural system in Italy, in the homeland of Andrea Palladio. On the examples of specific monuments, drawings and projects created during two and a half centuries, the author analyses the peculiarities of the style transformation in the work of Palladio’s followers, the continuity of tradition, deviations from canonical rules. In the article “Artistic Features of the Northern White Night Motif in the Landscapes of Alexander Borisov and Louis Apol”, I. Yenina conducts art analysis and compares the works of the Russian “artist of eternal ice”, A. Borisov, and the Dutch “winter artist”, L. Apol. They were the first to depict such a phenomenon as a white night in the Far North. V. Slepukhin studies the artworks of the first decades of the Soviet era in the article “Formation of the Image of a New Hero in Russian Art of 1920- 1930”. The author concludes that the New Hero in the plastic arts of the 1920s–1930s was formed as a reflection of social ideals. The avant-garde artists searched for the Hero’s originality in the images of aviators, peasants, women. The artists of socialist realism began to form the images of the “typical” heroes of the time — warriors, athletes, rural workers, scientists, as new “people of the Renaissance”. In the article “Dialogues of the Avant-garde”, A. N. Lavrentyev presents a comparative analysis of spatial constructions created by the Russian Avant-Garde Artist Alexander Rodchenko and the famous kinetic European and American artist Alexander Calder in the first half of the 20th century. Wei Xiao continues his analysis of contemporary art in the article “Chinese Sculpture in the New Era”. The author notes that the art of sculpture is in many ways a reflection of social change, both in terms of cultural content and practice. The author emphasises the need for cultural identity to preserve national traditions and spirituality. Xu Yanping’s article “The Dynamics of the Choral Culture Development in China in the 1930s on the Example of Huang Tzi’s Oratorio Eternal Regret” is a scientific study of a particular phase of the active entry of Chinese choral music into the sphere of the oratorio genre, directly related to the name of the great Chinese composer, Huang Tzi. It also highlights the issues of the country’s political life in the 1930s, which actively influenced the creation of nationwide singing movements and new choral works in the country. The author believes that the oratorio Eternal Regret presented in the article is a unique creation that organically combines ethnic musical material and Western composition techniques. The publication is addressed to professionals specialising in the theory and practice of the fine arts and philology and all those interested in the arts and culture.
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Bessarab, Anastasiia. "Korobko V. I. Televiziyna dokumentalistyka yak ekranne vydovyshche. Retsenziya na dysertatsiyu [Korobko V.I. "Television Documentary as a Screen Spectacle". Dissertation review]." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 31 (2022): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/cimc.2022.31.87-90.
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Wooddell, Victor, and Kalman J. Kaplan. "An Expanded Typology of Suicide, Assisted Suicide, and Euthanasia." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 36, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4u0v-9r10-4txm-d0jn.
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The present article proposes an expanded typology of suicide, assisted suicide, and euthanasia in doctor-patient relations. Three dimensions are distinguished: the active-passive nature of the act, the degree of doctor involvement, and the reaction of the doctor to the patient's wishes. Thirteen distinct categories emerge, each of which may be active or passive. Among these categories are: solitary suicide, disapproved suicide, observed suicide, assisted suicide, voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia, and involuntary euthanasia. Within the observed suicide, assisted suicide, and voluntary euthanasia categories, the patient's wish to die can either be discussed, accepted, or encouraged. This article provides clinical examples of many of these categories and discusses their legal status and implications.
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Klasinc, Peter Pavel. "ARCHIVAL SCIENCE - TODAY." Atlanti + 29, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-4579.29.1.10-18(2019).
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In this paper the author is convinced that today is the time when archival science can be defined in detail or even redefined. In professional archival literature we can find many definitions of archival science, which we can accept or take knowledge of without problems. If we analyze these definitions, we will, as a result, determine whether these definitions are still really appropriate for present time.The new definition of archival science was primarily referred to by the results of the preparation of materials for the accreditation of study programs in archival science (Ist degree - Bachelor's degree), archival science and records management (2nd degree - master of archival science and documentology) and archival science (3rd degree-doctor of archival science) at Alma Mater Europaea - European Center Maribor.The author in this paper is trying to redefine the basic definition of archival science. Therefore, the author makes the following statement: "Archival science is an independent, academic, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary science".Historical overview of definitions is interesting because of the prespectives it gives on archival science. Often, archival science relies on historical or social sciences, and recently to information science.
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Milasheva, Natalia V., Dmitrii V. Ovchinnikov, and Vladimir O. Samoilov. "Apothecary order, Robert Erskine and the Letter of Peter I." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma104531.
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Despite several publications on the history of Russian medicine of the 17th and 18th centuries, this period remains insufficiently studied. The works of the first Russian historians of medicine ― V. Richter, Ya.A. Chistovich, and L.F. Zmeev ― are well known. Unfortunately, their works do not always contain an accurate description of historical facts and correct dates of events. This refers to the era of Emperor Peter the Great ― the reformer of Russia, founder of the regular Russian army and navy, and reformer of Russian medicine and military medical education in the country ― as well as to the history of the Apothecary order. The focus is on the date of the appointment of the closest associate of Peter the Great, a professional doctor Robert Erskine, to the position of head of the Apothecary order and to the position of Archiater, the chief of all military and civil medical institutions in Russia. We have already written briefly about this in our earlier publications. This important issue continues to cause controversy and disagreement among historians. Professor Ya.A. Chistovich argued that Robert Erskine was appointed to the position of Archiater only in 1716, according to the date of issuance of the Letter of Peter I to Robert Erskine: April 30, 1716. Earlier, in the historians opinion, the boyar, Prince Ya.N. Odoevsky, was the head of the Apothecary order and the chief of all medical institutions in Russia. He had no medical education but had successfully carried out the reforms during the Great Northern War (17001721). In 1907, an outstanding Russian and Soviet scientist, jurist (lawyer), historian of Law and Medicine, Master of Police Law (1907), Doctor of Police Law (1919), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1943), Professor Nikolai Yakovlevich Novombergsky (18711949), after many years of studying and analyzing archival documents of the 17th and 18th centuries, convincingly proved the incorrectness of statements by L.F. Zmeev (related to 1714) and Ya.A. Chistovich (related to 1716) on the date of appointment of doctor Robert Erskine to the position of Archiater. The great work by N.Ya. Novombergsky Development of Russian medicine in the pre-Petrine era (1907) was presented by him as the dissertation for a masters degree in Police Law, and he was awarded the Grand Prize named after Count A.S. Uvarov of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Russia (1908). The author paid special attention to the history of the Apothecary order and documented that in 1706 Doctor Robert Erskine was already an Archiater. The appointment of Robert Erskine as Archiater in 1706 significantly influenced the further development and establishment of Russian medicine, and this year was the most important for the Russian medical service. Our study of archival documents of the beginning of the 18th century, published documentary sources, and scientific works on the history of medicine, has confirmed the evidence and conclusions of N.Ya. Novombergsky. On April 30, 1716, Robert Erskine was granted the rank of the actual state councillor. An analysis of the text of the Letter of Peter I to Robert Erskine has also confirmed that event.