Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Urban Design'
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Shipitsyna, Olga A., and Nadezhda S. Solonina. "A CONCEPT FOR TRAINING ‘MASTER OF ARCHTECTURE’ DEGREE PROFESSIONALS WITH REFERENCE TO THE REVALORIZATION OF HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL TERRITORIES IN THE MIDDLE URALS." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 3(71) (September 29, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-3(71)-18.
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The article substantiates the need for training architects in the field of industrial heritage conservation and re-use. Based on a review of European and domestic experiences in industrial heritage revalorization and advanced approaches to the training of such professionals, a concept of master’s degree course is proposed to be delivered at the Ural States University of Architecture and Art within the discipline “Architectural Design of Urban Industrial Infrastructure”. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the course are defined within the framework of a concept of comprehensive revalorization of the Middle Urals mining and metal-making landscape. This concept allows for the historical background of this Russian old industrial region and includes a specially developed methodology for conducting research at different levels and developing re-use projects. In conclusion, a detailed consideration is given to how relevant research and design skills should be developed in students by engaging them in individual and team work based on specialized historical and theoretical knowledge in the field of industrial heritage management.
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Abastante, Francesca, Caterina Caprioli, and Marika Gaballo. "The Economic Evaluation of Projects as a Structuring Discipline of Learning Processes to Support Decision-Making in Sustainable Urban Transformations." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 4 (July 27, 2022): 1297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170427.
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This paper is based on the following research questions: i) In which way could the discipline Economic Evaluation of Projects contribute to conveying the sustainability concept in urban settings among master’s degree students? What are the methods/techniques that can support decision processes of sustainable urban transformation? In response to the two research questions, the paper proposes a multi-methodological framework as a design tool for students (future professionals) aimed at representing the decision problem from a sustainable planning perspective. Through a Problem-Based Learning approach based on a case study, the proposed framework considers: SWOT Analysis, Stakeholder Analysis (SA), Multicriteria Analysis (MCDA), Cash Flow Analysis (CFA), and the application of the Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Tools (NSATools). The multi-methodological framework has been applied to an experimental teaching case study as part of the Economic Evaluation of Projects module demonstrating its effectiveness in terms of sustainable spatial planning and structuring of the decision process from a multi-actor perspective. Future directions of the research are aimed at tackling two major limitations of the multi-methodological framework as the need to closely reflect a real decision process through an iterative framework and the sometimes hard interpretation of some elements of urban sustainability.
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Jia, Zixuan. "Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning Based on Big Data Analysis Technology." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2721247.
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Aiming at the goal of high-quality development of the landscape architecture industry, we should actively promote the development and integration of digital, networked, and intelligent technologies and promote the intelligent and diversified development of the landscape architecture industry. Due to the limitation of drawing design technology and construction method, the traditional landscape architecture construction cannot really understand the public demands, and the construction scheme also relies on the experience and subjective aesthetics of professionals, resulting in improper connection between design and construction. At present, under the guidance of the national strategy, under the background of the rapid development of digital technologies such as 5G, big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and digital twins, the high integration of landscape architecture construction and digital technology has led to the transformation of the production mode of landscape architecture construction. Abundant professional data and convenient information processing platform enable landscape planners, designers, and builders to evaluate the whole life cycle of the project more scientifically and objectively and realize the digitalization of the whole process of investigation, analysis, design, construction, operation, and maintenance. For the landscape architecture industry, the significance of digital technology is not only to change the production tools but also to update the environmental awareness, design response, and construction methods, which makes the landscape architecture planning and design achieve the organic combination of qualitative and quantitative and also makes the landscape architecture discipline more scientific and rational. In this paper, the new method of combining grey relational degree with machine learning is used to provide new guidance for traditional landscape planning by using big data information in landscape design and has achieved very good results. The article analyzes the guidance of landscape architecture design under the big data in China and provides valuable reference for promoting the construction of landscape architecture in China.
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Espinosa Sánchez, Eduardo. "La insuficiencia de los tipos de espacio público definidos en la literatura especializada como base para el análisis de su uso social = Failure of public space types defined in specialized literature as a foundation for analyzing its social use." Territorios en formación, no. 15 (October 10, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2019.15.4004.
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Resumen El estudio de las relaciones entre la configuración del espacio público y su uso social es un tema habitual del diseño urbano. También son comunes, en la literatura especializada, las propuestas de tipos de espacio público orientadas al análisis de la trama urbana o como referencias operativas para su diseño. Este artículo pretende cruzar ambas aproximaciones con la intención de confirmar que los tipos de espacio público propuestos hasta ahora no se fundamentan en las relaciones entre forma y uso social sino en otros aspectos: principalmente, en su morfología y aspectos visuales y, de manera secundaria, en su función urbana, percepción sensorial, origen histórico, aspectos ambientales y gestión de su propiedad.Para ello, se establece el alcance de los términos 'espacio público' y 'uso social'. A continuación, se selecciona una bibliografía básica del diseño urbano y se identifican conceptos para posibles clasificaciones de espacio público. Finalmente, se describen y categorizan los numerosos tipos de espacio público recogidos en la bibliografía según los conceptos identificados previamente. Las conclusiones señalan los aspectos comunes en que se basan las distintas propuestas de tipos de espacio público según su enfoque, ámbito territorial y momento de la evolución de la ciudad al que hacen referencia.Abstract Relationships between public space configuration and its social use are common research in urban design and related disciplines. Public space types are usually proposed in specialized literature too, with the aim of being useful to analyse existing urban fabric or to plan and design new urban spaces. This paper intends to integrate both approaches in order to confirm that currently proposed types of public space are not based in a complex vision of relations between its shape and social use, and that there are different key aspects in these classifications: primarily, morphology and visual aspects and, to a lesser degree, urban function, perception, historical origins, environmental aspects and property management.Scope of 'public space' and 'social use' concepts in this text is previously defined in order to achieve this. Hereafter, an essential urban design bibliography is selected and, at the same time, key topics in which these public space types could be based are identified. Finally, public space types included in bibliography are described and categorized on the basis of selected topics. Conclusions identify common aspects in which public space types are based depending on its theoretical approach, territorial scope and historic period covered.
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Breed, Christina, and Helge Mehrtens. "Using “Live” Public Sector Projects in Design Teaching to Transform Urban Green Infrastructure in South Africa." Land 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010045.
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Urban green infrastructure is not acknowledged in the Global South for the critical social and ecological functions it can provide. Contextual design solutions and innovative approaches are urgently needed to transform the status quo. University-local government collaboration could be a way to encourage new thinking, new roles and design skills to develop solutions to these complex problems. This paper presents a case study analysis of such a collaboration. Qualitative research was conducted to establish the degree to which the exposure to real-life projects stimulates postgraduate design students’ transformative learning. The researchers also inquired into the benefits of the collaboration for the municipality. The participants’ reflections were recorded by means of anonymous questionnaires. The findings show that the live project created a municipal setting for seeking alternative solutions in design processes and outcomes. For the students, the project created rich social dynamics and an interplay of familiarity and uncertainty, which aided transformative learning. The students’ deeper learning indicates greater social empathy, reconsidering the role of the profession, greater design process flexibility, and learning and valuing skills across disciplines. The findings hold promise for a more just and sustainable future built environment through collaborations that transform the design professionals involved, the outcomes they pursue, and the processes they follow.
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Kraemer, George P. "Cultural Sustainability of US Cities: The Scaling of Non-Profit Arts Footprint with Population." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 4245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074245.
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The functional characteristics of urban systems vary predictably with Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) population, with certain metrics increasing apace with population (e.g., housing stock), some increasing faster than population (e.g., wealth), and others increasing slower than population (infrastructure elements). Culture has been designated the fourth pillar of sustainability. The population-dependent scaling of operating revenue, work space, and number of employees was investigated for almost 3000 arts organizations in the US, both in aggregate and by arts discipline (music, theater, visual and design arts, dance, and museums). Unlike general measures of creativity, the three measures of economic footprint did not scale supra-linearly with the population of metropolitan areas. Rather, operating revenue scaled linearly (e.g., like amenities), and work space and employee number scaled sub-linearly (e.g., like infrastructure). The cost of living, proxied by housing costs, increased with MSA population, though not as rapidly as did arts organization operating revenue, indicating a degree of uncoupling. The generally higher educational attainment of adults in larger cities, coupled with the growth of the education-dependent arts patronage, suggest a funding focus on less populous (50,000–1,000,000), as well as on under-performing, cities.
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GIULIANI, Luisa, Alexandra REVEZ, Jörgen SPARF, Suranga JAYASENA, and Michael Havbro FABER. "SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2016.1185477.
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Large scale projects tasked with designing infrastructures and urban networks resilient to disasters face a common challenge, i.e. the need to address concomitant technological issues and social problems. What is more, conflicting technologies and the diverse philosophical underpinnings of distinct academic disciplines pose difficulties in the collaboration among experts of different fields. These difficulties and possible ways to tackle them have been highlighted by a questionnaire developed in the framework of an EU project named ANDRDD (Academic Network for Disaster Resilience to optimize Educational development). More specifically, the project investigated the level of interdisciplinary work in current research and educational projects within the field of disaster resilience. findings illustrate the number and types of disciplines involved in disaster resilience projects and suggest that a higher degree of integration between different disciplines in tertiary education could promote a transdisciplinary approach to disaster resilience, resulting in design efficiency and innovation.
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Kecskemethy, Thomas A. "The Spencer Research Training Grant at the Penn Graduate School of Education: Implementation and Effects." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 110, no. 7 (July 2008): 1397–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810811000705.
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Background/Context The Research Training Grant (RTG) program at the University of Pennsylvania's Graduate School of Education aimed to create strong research training experiences for predissertation fellows through generous financial aid, mentored research apprenticeships, and cocurricular experiences. Collectively these offerings sought to broaden knowledge of urban education and exposure to diverse research methods. Initiated in a context of significant institutional growth and change, the RTG also sought to improve the research training experiences of PhD students outside the RTG program, making broader discussions of urban education, educational research, and social research more integral to the general PhD student experience and to the life of the school. This was attempted with the launch of a schoolwide seminar series on educational research, the introduction of an annual student research symposium administered by the RTG fellows, and continuing faculty attention to policies affecting doctoral student mentoring and research training. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The article describes the aims and organization of the program and discusses strengths and challenges identified by students and faculty. Research Design This is a qualitative case study. Conclusions/Recommendations The operation of the RTG program at Penn offers several insights into how education schools might get the most out of their investments in doctoral students and doctoral education: (1) Its support of rigorous, discipline-based research training complemented by opportunities for interdisciplinary exposure seems to be important. Further, such initiatives are systematically supported with investments by the faculty and the administration. (2) The opportunity for students to approach research and problems of practice from multiple disciplinary perspectives was a significant perceived benefit of the RTG program's operation at Penn. (3) A flexible model of research apprenticeship, creative seminars, and symposia all helped to illuminate the strengths and limitations of discipline-based research. (4) Penn GSE PhD students who engaged in discussions that promoted epistemological diversity were better off for it. This sort of work is unlikely to occur at the level of the individual degree program, so engagement and support from the whole faculty are implied. (5) “Institutionalizing” these sorts of experiences and opportunities for students may mean consideration of structures and supports for doctoral student training that are unconventional, multidisciplinary, and collaborative.
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Remesar, Antoni. "Twenty Years Working with Neighbours. Citizen Participation, Is It Possible? What We Have Learned in 20 Years." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica-Aesthetica-Practica, no. 33 (June 30, 2019): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6107.33.02.
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In 1999, the Governing Council of the Universitat de Barcelona approved the creation of the POLIS Research Center. Later, in 2016, the Center was ratified after passing an assessment of the Catalan Accreditation Agency (AGAUR). The Centre has an interdisciplinary vocation and brings together researchers from different research groups at the University of Barcelona and cooperates with nine European and Ibero-American universities in the fields of Arts, Architecture and Human and Social Sciences. Academically, the Centre has promoted the doctoral program Public Space and Urban Regeneration (1998–2017) and the Master’s Degree in Urban Design: Art, City, Society (since 2007) and the publication of the journal On the w@terfront. The research object of the Centre is the city and its public space and, more specifically, the role of citizens in the production of Public Art and Urban Design. For this reason, the work of the Centre covers the topics related to Urban Regeneration, Sustainability, Urban Governance, Civic Remembrance, Heritage. Throughout its twenty-year history, the Centre has developed a series of projects for citizen participation in various areas of the periphery of Barcelona: River Besòs (municipality of Sant Adrià de Besòs) La Mina neighbourhood (municipality of Sant Adrià de Besòs) and the Barcelona’s neighbourhoods of Baró de Viver and Bon Pastor. A characteristic of the work of the centre has been, and is, the endorsement of citizen participation, through an innovative approach based on enabling the creative empowerment of the neighbours within the framework of Participatory Action Research. This approach is based on a project methodology, as it is understood in various project disciplines from Art to Architecture, from Design to Engineering. This article, associated with the itinerant exhibition “20 years working with neighbours,” reviews the founding project carried out by the Centre, “Social Uses of the River Besòs” (1997–1999), analysing the lessons learned, with the aim of clarifying the research criteria that the Centre follows for the development of citizen participation projects.
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Navickienė, Eglė. "DOCTORATE AT THE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE OF VGTU: DEVELOPMENT AND TENDENCIES OF EVOLUTION IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT / DOKTORANTŪRA VGTU ARCHITEKTŪROS FAKULTETE: RAIDA IR KAITOS TENDENCIJOS EUROPOS KONTEKSTE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 4 (December 24, 2013): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.859448.
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The article deals with doctoral dissertations prepared and defended at the Faculty of Architecture at current Vilnius Gediminas Technical University in spite of changes of its institutional subordination. It deepens into fields of scientific research investigated during doctoral studies that are considered an important part of research in architecture. The tendencies of evolution of doctorate at the Faculty of Architecture of VGTU are contextualised in architectural research and doctoral studies in architectural research and education institutions both in Lithuania and abroad. During the Soviet times, Lithuanian architects had a possibility to prepare and defend dissertations for a scientific degree of candidate of architectural sciences either at the Faculty of Architecture at Kaunas Polytechnic Institute (afterwards – at Vilnius Engineering Building Institute) or at institutions of architectural research and education in the Soviet Union, outside Lithuania, depending if Lithuanian institutions had the right to educate the aspirants for scientific degree and the right to defend their dissertations. It mostly influenced the dynamics of scientific degrees obtained (see Fig. 1). Architecture was defined as an autonomous research field under the Soviet classification and it helped to shape the identity of the discipline: its width, specific methods and questions. Architectural dissertations of Soviet times were rigorously specialised and empiric, closely connected with practice, deepening into urban issues more than architectural ones (see Fig. 2). Since 1998, architecture loses its integrity and becomes a subfield of Art Critics in Humanities. Since then doctoral dissertations defended at the Faculty of Architecture of VGTU investigate architectural history, theory and critics according traditional methodologies of humanities including interdisciplinary contexts; fundamental academic research dominates. Recent international dynamic changes in both doctoral studies and architectural research directs for the impact of research beyond academia generating more efficient contribution to architectural research and innovation related to ideas, forms, techniques, materials and practices based upon technological advances for the so-called society of knowledge; one of the means is creating various forms of doctorates. Nevertheless, the present situation of doctorate at the Faculty of Architecture of VGTU is not supportive for tuning to new tendencies – revision of national classification of research towards integrity of architecture field, and also introduction of a program of research by design, priorities for innovative, practice-embedded, interdisciplinary, future-oriented research in doctorate at the school might create much more positive medium for the progress. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama doktorantūros (aspirantūros) Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Architektūros fakultete, nepaisant jo kitusios institucinės priklausomybės, raida. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas apgintų disertacijų mokslinių tyrimų kryptims ir pobūdžiui kaip sudėtinei architektūros mokslo daliai, jų raidą ir kaitos tendencijas siejant su procesais kitose šalyse. Apžvelgiamos šiame amžiuje vykstančios aktualios dinamiškos permainos doktorantūros studijų sampratoje ir architektūros mokslo raidoje kaip architektūros doktorantūros studijų kaitą formuojančiuose veiksniuose. Naujų požiūrių kontekste įvertinamos doktorantūros studijų VGTU Architektūros fakultete pokyčių galimybės.
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Mu, Bo, Chang Liu, Guohang Tian, Yaqiong Xu, Yali Zhang, Audrey L. Mayer, Rui Lv, Ruizhen He, and Gunwoo Kim. "Conceptual Planning of Urban–Rural Green Space from a Multidimensional Perspective: A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072863.
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The structure and function of green-space system is an eternal subject of landscape architecture, especially due to limited land and a need for the coordinated development of PLEs (production, living, and ecological spaces). To make planning more scientific, this paper explored green-space structure planning via multidimensional perspectives and methods using a case study of Zhengzhou. The paper applies theories (from landscape architecture and landscape ecology) and technologies (like remote sensing, GIS—geographic information system, graph theory, and aerography) from different disciplines to analyze current green-space structure and relevant physical factors to identify and exemplify different green-space planning strategies. Overall, our analysis reveals that multiple green-space structures should be considered together and that planners and designers should have multidisciplinary knowledge. For specific strategies, the analysis finds (i) that green complexes enhance various public spaces and guide comprehensive development of urban spaces; (ii) that green ecological corridors play a critical role in regional ecological stability through maintaining good connectivity and high node degree (Dg) and betweenness centrality index (BC) green spaces; (iii) that greenway networks can integrate all landscape resources to provide more secured spaces for animals and beautiful public spaces for humans; (iv) that blue-green ecological networks can help rainwater and urban flooding disaster management; and (v) that green ventilation corridors provide air cleaning and urban cooling benefits, which can help ensure healthy and comfortable urban–rural environments. In our view, this integrated framework for planning and design green-space structure helps make the process scientific and relevant for guiding future regional green-space structure.
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Luis Maldonado, Luis Maldonado. "Time Drawing as a Key Practice for Beginners in Landscape Architecture." SPOOL 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/spool.2022.3.02.
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The subject matter of the Landscape Expression course for students starting the master’s degree in landscape architecture at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Barcelona is the dynamic representation of landscape. Its objective is to introduce new students to changing and temporal aspects of the problem of its graphic representation.
In our case, few of the students have previous landscape architecture training. Most of them come from disciplines dealing with spatial development or space, such as architecture or engineering. Others come from fields of knowledge related to biology or the environment and are not used to design and the need to graphically communicate that it implies. The course confronts students with the contradiction between landscape – diverse and dynamic – and our flat and static representations.
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Brager, Jenna, Susan Breitenstein, Deborah Gross, and Hailey Miller. "Low-Income Parents’ Perceptions of and Engagement With a Digital Behavioral Training Program: Mixed Methods Study." Iproceedings 5, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): e15090. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15090.
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Background Parent training is a method for strengthening parenting skill, reducing child behavior problems, and promoting positive parent-child relationships. However, few parents have access to these evidence-based programs. The ezParent program, a tablet-based delivery adaptation of the group-based Chicago Parent Program (CPP), is a parent training program designed to address the needs of families raising young children in urban poverty. There is extensive evidence that positive parenting practices can be a powerful buffer against the negative effects of poverty and adversity and is one of the strongest predictors of children’s social and behavioral well-being. Objective This study aimed to explore (1) parents’ perceptions of the benefits and barriers associated with their use of the ezParent program; and (2) the ways in which the ezParent components and perceived usability varied by program use (module completion). Methods This study uses an explanatory mixed-method design. Data were collected from 92 participants recruited from two pediatric primary care clinics (PPC) based in two urban cities with a high proportion of low income and minority families: Chicago, Illinois (cohort 1) and Baltimore, Maryland (cohort 2). Cohort 1 (n=42) was recruited between October 2013 and June 2014 as part of a randomized controlled tirla. Cohort 2 (n=50) was recruited between May 2017 and July 2017 as part of a single group design. The current report focuses on a subsample from cohorts 1 and 2 who were interviewed about their experiences using the program. To explore parents’ perceptions of ezParent (ie, perceived usefulness of content, ease of use, barriers to use, qualities affecting interest, and intention), all participants were invited to participate in an individual interview after the 12th week. Based on degree of module completion, we grouped parents into two user groups: high (completed 4-6 modules) and low (completed 0-3 modules). This cut-off was chosen based on previous data showing that parents who attended at least 50% of the CPP group sessions reported greater improvements in parenting self-efficacy, use of discipline, and warmth towards their children, as well as fewer child behavior problems. Results Fifty-nine parents participated in follow-up interview: 32 (54.24%) from cohort 1 and 27 (45.76%) from cohort 2. Among those interviewed, 23 (38.9.5%) parents completed all six modules and 12 parents (20.3%) completed none of the modules. Specifically, among those interviewed, parents completed an average of 3.73 (SD 2.39) modules compared to an average of 1.79 (SD 2.38) modules completed among those not interviewed. Parents who completed more modules reported more program benefits and those who completed fewer modules reported more barriers. Conclusions Exploring users’ experience with current digital applications, researchers and application developers can better design future tablet-based interventions to be both effective and acceptable by end users. Furthering our understanding of factors associated with engagement will inform more effective tailoring and improvements of mHealth interventions, particularly those targeting vulnerable populations.
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Cuthbert, Alexander R. "Editorial: Urban Design – The Synthesis Discipline." RUANG-SPACE, Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan (Space : Journal of the Built Environment) 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrs.2019.v06.i01.p01.
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Абросимов, С., S. Abrosimov, Д. Тихонов-Бугров, D. Tikhonov-Bugrov, К. Глазунов, and K. Glazunov. "Geometric-Graphic Student Olympiad in St. Petersburg." Geometry & Graphics 7, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d2c350baf0b28.40160405.
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Two geometric-graphic Olympiads are held in St. Petersburg: the urban Olympiad in descriptive geometry, initiated by BSTU “VOENMECH” since 1979, and the Olympiad called “Engineering Computer Graphics”, conducted by LETI and ITMO. The peculiarity of the Olympiad in descriptive geometry is its democracy. Its content and organization features are supervised by the professional community, which is united by the section “Geometry, Graphics, Design” of the House of Scientists named after M. Gorky. Competition tasks are developed not only by the organizers. Accepted and suggestions of participants. The content of the Olympiad eventually changes, contributing to its development. Thus, at the suggestion of a number of participants, a comprehensive task was introduced to know the main sections of the course, the task of composition of the task. Despite the withdrawal of the course of descriptive geometry from a number of standards, the fundamentals of this discipline are kept up to date with engineering graphics, which ensures participation in the Olympiad of 7–10 leading technical universities of the city. Olympiad in engineering computer graphics can be attributed to the problem: the level of tasks, focused exclusively on the bachelor degree; on the principles of organization (problem bank of tasks, features of the appeals process); authoritarian chairman of the jury. As a result, it was boycotted by universities, which, unlike the winners, show decent results at All-Russian Olympiads. Among the All-Russian Olympiads, the Olympiad held by MIT stands out. The organizers managed to create a complex competition, which included the ability to solve interesting applied problems on an orthogonal drawing, possession of tools for creating three-dimensional models and drawings of technical products. Given the experience of MIT, the need to create in St. Petersburg an alternative computer graphics competition that is not purely instrumental in nature, the GUT organized an Olympiad called “Total Drawing”. This competition, held under the direction of the chairman of the jury of Professor D.Voloshinov, is gaining popularity. The article discusses and analyzes the principles of organization and the content of these competitions, offers for their modernization and development.
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Wang, Yike, and Lingling Zhang. "Analysis on the Influence of Urban and Rural Economic Differentiation on the Development of Art Design Teaching." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8137994.
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Art design education in China has nearly 30 years of development history. Due to China’s vast territory, a large population, regional economic development, and social resources are extremely unbalanced, resulting in the uneven development of art design education in various regions. Art design is not only a practical and artistic comprehensive discipline, it also spans more majors. It contains almost all aspects of urban and rural construction, beautification, so its scientific and effective design scheme indirectly affects the future development process of urban and rural economy. First, this paper analyzes the impact of urban and rural economic development on art design teaching. The research results show that it has a great influence and a wide range of influence on art design teaching, including enhancing the naturalness of art discipline, promoting the creativity of art design discipline, and promoting the historicity of art discipline. Second, this paper also analyzes the role of art design in promoting regional economic development. For example, we should make full use of regional cultural differences, expand regional historical elements, pay attention to art design talents, and ensure the supply of funds.
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Elshater, Abeer. "The Power of Photography in Urban Design Discipline: A Module Catalogue." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1594.
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This work focuses on the pedagogical method that documents the public realm by promoting to students learning through photography in urban design programmes to investigate everyday events that form public life. Picturing the commute in our cities could be guided by digital photography, archival research and critical thinking analysis. To contrive a kind of change, a module structure may come for the task of urban design as a field of professional practice to have a varied, integrated and transitioning role with different disciplines such as photography for raising the visual skills and boosting the way that students see their external environment. Moreover, the methods and techniques of urban design need to be extended to the unlimited borders of teaching various skills. The results of the current research stem from the reports of excellent students’ feedback, as well as the comments on the course and expert interviews. The conclusion is that urban design, as visual-aesthetic management, can benefit from a method for module revisited that provides themes for photography to boost the skills that students should gain. The concluded six key factors could foster the integrity of the modules of urban design and site photography.
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Rodgers, Paul, and Craig Bremner. "Exhausting Discipline: Undisciplined and Irresponsible Design." Architecture and Culture 1, no. 1 (November 2013): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175145213x13756908698720.
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Shetty, Sujata, and Andreas Luescher. "Inter-Disciplinarity in Urban Design: Erasing Boundaries between Architects and Planners in Urban Design Studios." Open House International 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2010-b0010.
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Urban design has historically occupied the gap between architecture and planning. Although there have long been calls for the discipline to bridge this gap, urban design has continued to lean more heavily on design than planning. The efforts to revitalize downtown Toledo, a mid-western U.S. town experiencing steep economic decline, present a classic example of the potentially unfortunate results of this approach. Over the past three decades, there have been many attempts to revitalize the city, especially its downtown, by constructing several large public buildings, all within a few blocks of each other, all designed with little attention to each other or to the surrounding public spaces, and with a remarkable lack of civic engagement. Responding to calls in the literature for inter-disciplinarity in urban design, and to the city's experience with urban design, the authors created a collaborative studio for architects and planners from two neighboring universities with two purposes: first, to establish a collaborative work environment where any design interventions would be firmly rooted in the planning context (i.e., to erase boundaries between architects and planners); second, to draw lessons from this experience for the practice and teaching of urban design. Despite the difficulties of collaborating, architects and planners benefited from exposure to each other, learning about each other's work, as well as learning to collaborate. The interdisciplinary teams developed richer proposals than the architect-only teams. Finally, critical engagement with the community is essential to shaping downtown development.
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Ryan, Brent D. "Urban design in an age of recessions: reflections on a sobered discipline." Journal of Urban Design 22, no. 2 (March 4, 2017): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2017.1288874.
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English, Michael. "Urban Consulting Practice." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.1.pn3h2457236v4097.
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In 1974 I enrolled in the inaugural class of the University of South Florida's (USF) M.A. program in applied anthropology. My undergraduate degree had been in finance and prelaw, and my experience with anthropology very limited. My interest in the program had been spurred by a St. Petersburg Times interview with Ailon Shiloh, then the graduate program director. The article told an exciting story about a new idea for anthropology—that the powerful analytical tools and perceptual abilities of the discipline could be taught to master's students, who could then be turned loose on modern American society to become effective and empathetic problem solvers. I was in my mid-twenties and ready to make a commitment to graduate education and a career. Anthropology had never occurred to me, probably because educational and career possibilities in this generally mysterious social science were limited, in my perception, to a Ph.D. and university teaching.
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Ergen, Baris. "The Contributions of Competitions to Cities and Urban Design." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 7, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/eija.v7i1.1212.
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Competitions are a significant means of focusing on specific spaces in cities and forming public opinion. Competitions result in many professionals such as architectures, urban planners, urban designers, landscape architects, civil engineers, etc. proposing lots of designs for the same space, and thereby submitting various solution offers for it. Therefore, competitions are important not only for their results, but also for increasing knowledge about the occupational groups of design and the shaping of urban open spaces and built environments, in other words, cities. This study analyzes competitions’ contributions to urban design based on the experience of Merzifon Municipality’s Business and Life Center Architectural Project Competition. The discipline of urban design, which plays an important role in forming the urban open spaces and built environments, is enriched by competitions. The approaches developed in the projects that compete for the urban spaces focused on the competitions play an important role in shaping cities.
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Maples, Glenn, Ms Bette Harris, and Ms Anna M. Greco. "Using A 360-Degree Appraisal Approach To Re-Design Advising Programs." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 3, no. 1 (November 5, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v3i1.156.
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Over the past 30 years, researchers have repeatedly demonstrated the need to improve academic advising. Nonetheless, at many Universities academic advising remains a neglected endeavor—poorly measured, managed and rewarded. This paper considers the implementation of an academic advising program which parallels the 360-Degree feedback approach drawn from the Human Resources Management discipline. The details of the program are outlined and preliminary results of the program, which literally transformed academic advising at our institution, are discussed.
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Knapke, Jacqueline, John R. Kues, Stephanie M. Schuckman, and Rebecca C. Lee. "3203 Collaboration in Reappointment, Promotion, and Tenure Guidelines." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.297.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: As the issues facing our global society become more complex, university faculty are called upon to address these contemporary problems using interdisciplinary approaches. But do reappointment, promotion, and tenure (RPT) guidelines reflect and reward this fundamental change in the nature of higher education and scholarly inquiry? After collecting all of the RPT guidelines across the university, our research team at the University of Cincinnati (UC) conducted a content analysis of these documents to determine how collaborative work is defined, interpreted, and supported. In addition, we also sought to identify differences in how collaborative work is valued across disciplines and how that value has changed over time. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: An initial database was assembled that included two distinct data samples: historical and current. Both included RPT criteria for over 100 disciplinary units at the university. Working with the initial comprehensive database, the team narrowed content by selecting all language related to collaborative work using several relevant keywords or keyword fragments (team, collaborat[*], disciplin[*], and interprofessional). This process resulted in a subset of data reflecting the area of interest that could then be coded. Three investigators independently coded common portions of the data for categories. The investigators met regularly to compare the results of their coding, and discrepancies between the investigators’ coding schemes were resolved through discussion. The final, common coding scheme will used to code the remainder of the data by each independent investigator. The team meets weekly to discuss significant passages and assign codes, and then reach consensus related to important themes that are identified. Specifically, we will examine the frequency with which collaborative activities are included, the value and emphasis given to them, and the differences across units. Having a historical sample and a current sample also allows us to analyze trends over time and further compare disciplinary differences. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: UC is a diverse institution that includes world-renowned creative schools (the College Conservatory of Music and the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning), as well as traditional colleges of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, engineering, business, arts and sciences, etc. UC also includes two branch campuses that specialize in associate’s degree level education. Given the diversity in educational and research missions across these areas, we anticipate discovering several themes within the RPT guidelines, primarily centered around the traditional foundations of faculty work such as service, research, and teaching. We anticipate strong differences by college and disciplinary focus, with emphasis on collaborative work and engagement increasing as RPT guidelines become more current. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our experience is that faculty members want to engage in collaborative work when possible and appropriate, but their perception is that independent contributions to their field are more highly valued than interdisciplinary work. As universities rush to endorse and promote interdisciplinary, team-oriented research and teaching, this study will afford a better understanding of the types of activities valued at one large and diverse urban institution, grounded in the actual language of RPT criteria.
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Maretto, Marco. "Saverio Muratori: towards a morphological school of urban design." Urban Morphology 17, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v17i2.3990.
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Muratori’s series of urban projects demonstrate both his growing appreciation of the city and his developing perception of its formative logic. Growth and maturation are evident in his work, arguably culminating in his Venetian projects for the Barene di San Giuliano in 1959. A kind of cultural progression is evident in which an awareness of the significance of crises in the way in which ideas and phenomena develop leads to his ‘discovery’ of morphology. There is also a development from the bringing together of theory and architecture (in which architecture is seen as the science of design) to the conception of morphology as a planning discipline. This paper considers the development of this key aspect of Muratori’s thinking between the late 1940s and the beginning of the 1960s – a development in which the basis for a morphological school of urban design can be clearly recognized.
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SHAROVA, Irina D. "DESIGN ALGORITHM OF URBAN BICYCLE INFRASTRUCTURE." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.03.22.
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An algorithm for designing urban cycling infrastructure using sociological, natural and psychological research, spatial multi-criteria evaluation of segments of the road network is presented. The following blocks are distinguished in the body of the algorithm: collection of input data, sociological and psychological research, determination of the existing and planned number of users, spatial multi-criteria assessment of the road network segments, typology of planning decisions, the phased development of the bicycle transport infrastructure. During the application of the algorithm in the design, a high degree of correlation of the results with expert proposals was revealed, which makes it possible to recommend it for use in the design and expansion of the cycle transport infrastructure in cities.
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Maltsev, D. V., E. M. Genson, and D. S. Repetskiy. "Electronic Study Guides for Applied Bachelor’s Degree Programs." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-4-134-141.
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The development of electronic study guides (ESG) for Bachelor’s disciplines enables to reduce procurement costs for print library collections. Posting of ESGs on the University Internet resources will provide their accessibility and usability, so the subject is topical. The article analyzes the experience of developing electronic study guides for the disciplines of basic professional bachelor’s degree programs in various universities and reviews the literature on this subject. The main features that distinguish ESG from paper teaching materials are the following: multimedia presentation of information, interactivity, dynamic content. In addition, remote interaction between a teacher and students in forums or video conferences is possible, depending on the format of the ESG. Furthermore, ESG allows one to remotely monitor the completeness and timeliness of the study of certain topics of the discipline, unlike other types of educational and methodological support. The implementation of the ESG makes it possible to maintain control in two forms: internal and external. There are also such criteria for assessing the quality of ESG as: proportion in ensuring the total volume of discipline, proportion in ensuring the self-directed student work, quality of design, the effectiveness of multimedia, adaptability, level of remote access. The result of the analysis was the development of requirements for the ESG design for the discipline «Structure and calculation of engines». This discipline includes the basics of structure and calculation elements and systems of internal combustion engines and the processes occurring in them. In Perm National Research Polytechnic University, according to the curriculum, the discipline is studied for 2 semesters; the labor intensity is 7 credits. Classroom lessons consist of lectures, laboratory and practical classes, additionally, coursework was provided. The difficulty of organizing and maintaining a laboratory in working condition is due to high labor and material costs for fuels and lubricants, electricity, forced-air ventilation, maintenance and repair of internal combustion engines, etc. In this regard, it is relevant to use simulation methods and create virtual laboratory benches to determine the characteristics of the internal combustion engine. These benches may be considered as an alternative to field experiments and stands. As a result of the generalization experience, it was possible to draw up general requirements to the structure and content of the ESG and to provide recommendations on the development of ESGs taking into account the specifics of applied bachelor’s programs.
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Russo, Alessio, and Francisco J. Escobedo. "From Smart Urban Forests to Edible Cities: New Approaches in Urban Planning and Design." Urban Planning 7, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i2.5804.
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In recent years, the pressing environmental, social, and economic problems affecting cities have resulted in the integration of the disciplines of landscape architecture and urban forestry via a transdisciplinary approach to urban planning and design. Now, new urban forestry approaches and concepts have emerged for more sustainable city planning. The discipline is using different methods and approaches to address many pressing issues such as human well-being and also food security. But, research on these topics is still limited and not available for many cities in the world. To fill this gap, we present this thematic issue “From Smart Urban Forests to Edible Cities: New Approaches in Urban Planning and Design.” The findings from this thematic issue offer new insight to policymakers and practitioners, as well as contribute to the emerging literature on edible and forest cities. Furthermore, the findings spanning different cities from different geographies can be used towards achieving the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals of making cities and human settlements more resilient, inclusive, safe, and sustainable, as well as ending hunger, achieving food security, and improving nutrition. However, further studies are still needed, especially in developing countries and the Global South.
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Savage, Mike. "Urban history and social class: two paradigms." Urban History 20, no. 1 (April 1993): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800010002.
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For much of the 1970s and early 1980s historians using an urban focus to analyse social class, social stratification and political conflict led the field. The work of John Foster, Geoffrey Crossick, Robert Gray, Patrick Joyce and others helped set an agenda to which all social historians responded. Today research of a similar type can easily be found, but even whilst this shows a high degree of conceptual sophistication and empirical rigour it seems less central to the discipline and to the broad concerns of social history than was the case even a decade ago. In this speculative paper I reflect on some of the reasons for this and consider the contemporary prospects for studies of the relationship between urban history and social class.
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Dyck, Robert G. "Discipline vs. Profession: A Comment on the Meaning of Design." Journal of Planning Education and Research 13, no. 2 (January 1994): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x9401300206.
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Zhang, Jin Wei, and Li Na Ji. "Five Ecological Landscape Design Modes of Urban Brownfields." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2687.
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The design mode of urban Brownfiels-scape reconstruction is classified into five kinds, which are ecological preservative design mode, ecological recovering design mode, ecological functional design mode, ecological visible design mode, ecological artistical design mode. The paper overall analyses and contrasts of the characteristics, design methods, persons’ participation degree and typical cases of these modes.
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Maki, Fumihiko. "My urban design of fifty years." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-44192.
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Professor Maki was a member of the faculty of the School of Architecture at Washington University from 1956 to 1963. Graduated from Tokyo University in 1952 with a Bachelors degree in Architecture and Engineering, he then received a Masters in Architecture from Cranbrook Academy of Arts in Bloomfield Hills , Michigan in 1953 and a Masters in Architecture from Harvard in 1954. In 1958 he was the recipient of a $10,000 International Graham Foundation Fellowship. He is the designer of Steinberg Hall at Washington University and auditoriums at Nagoya University and Chiba University in Japan. He is also one of the founders of the "Metabolism" group in Japan, as well as having done work with the well known architectural group, 'Team 10." In 1964 he was Associate Professor of Architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. The text that follows is an edited version of the 2005 C.A.Doxiadis Lecture delivered on 19 September at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity, " organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
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White, Marcus R., and Nano Langenheim. "A Spatio-Temporal Decision Support System for Designing With Street Trees." International Journal of E-Planning Research 7, no. 4 (October 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2018100101.
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This article describes how tree species and spacing is an integral part of street design. 3D modelled trees have traditionally been computationally prohibitive to use within precinct scaled urban design models, thus, tree choices in street design are typically limited to database or 2D representations limiting engagement with spatio-temporal issues. This article provides an overview of urban design tree modelling and technology emerging outside of the discipline, then proposes an urban tree decision support system (DSS) drawing from advances in computational botany, entertainment industries and light engineering. The DSS is tested at both street and precinct scale using two case studies. The results demonstrate it is now feasible to integrate detailed 3D trees into urban design models allowing rapid scenario testing of tree placement, species selection, size, alongside the visual and solar impact of these choices. The proposed DSS promotes consideration of spatio-temporal characteristics of trees and a greater level integration of tree choices in the urban design process than previously possible.
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Boldyreva, Elena. "Approach to automation of workshop design processes based on opinions of employers." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2020, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-1-94-104.
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The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of the workshop design process of the actively developing science-intensive areas that have a high degree of variability
of the technologies used and the requirements for the skills of specialists in the industry. The approach to organizing the automated design process for the daily workshops on the basis of expert opinions of the trainees’ employers has been proposed. The approach implements the model of pedagogical design ADDIE at the stages of analysis and design and involves four stages: calculating the degree of trust in experts, selecting learning tasks for the discipline, developing the structure of the workshop taking into account the relevance of each learning task of the discipline for a particular training profile, and calculating the complexity and assessments (points) tasks for each profile. According to the introduced rule of assessment, calculation of weight coefficients for each of the learning tasks and the rule of ranking the selected tasks are arranged in the optimal order for studying, and an individual learning path for each professional profile is formed. The methods and algorithms described can be used to develop information systems for designing a workshop.
A software package for instrumental and information support has been developed. It implements all the calculation and ranking functions and appears a system for the workshop automated design. Using this system and the proposed approach, the structure and the list of learning tasks of the workshop on the discipline “Embedded Systems” are formed. The proposed solutions allow an iterative assessment of the relevance of learning tasks of the discipline taking into account the expert opinions of potential employers and improve the real model of training specialists due to the high practical importance of the workshop and, as a result, to the high motivation of the trainees to obtain professional practical skills that are in demand in the labor market.
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Fryd, Ole, Torben Dam, and Marina Bergen Jensen. "A planning framework for sustainable urban drainage systems." Water Policy 14, no. 5 (June 5, 2012): 865–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.025.
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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) call for collaborative and interdisciplinary practices. The problem with this is the social and technical complexities involved, and the absence of a shared understanding of the challenge and the scope of integrated solutions. It is necessary to clarify the contributions and interactions between disciplines in order to achieve integrated planning and design of SUDS. This paper reviews the literature across disciplinary fields and outlines key messages and uncertainties within each discipline. The outcome is a framework comprising time, space and human values, as well as biophysical processes (e.g. engineering), spatial strategies (e.g. urban design) and adaptive strategies (e.g. management). It identifies the planning of SUDS as a collective learning process with continuous iterations between disciplines, while also reflecting the past, present and future of a specific site.
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Alhusban, Ahamd A., Safa A. Alhusban, and Yamen N. Al-Betawi. "The degree of the Hashemite university students’ desires, needs, and satisfaction with their campus urban design." Journal of Place Management and Development 12, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 408–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-08-2018-0062.
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PurposeThe purposes of this study is to explore and describe the main campus urban design principles, to investigate and examine the degree of Hashemite University’s (HU’s) student satisfaction with the urban design of their campus, to examine the relationships between the degree of HU student satisfaction and age, gender, educational pursuits and academic year, to define and assess student needs through HU’s campus design and to examine and investigate the relationships/interrelationships between all the campus urban design principles.Design/methodology/approachThis research used a variety of methods: A face-to-face questionnaire (n= 1,443), HU students’ community board design for urban spaces, HU master plan analysis and focus group discussions (three researchers and 30 architectural students). This research used the descriptive statistics and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearsonr) to analyze the data.FindingsThis research found that the majority of HU students were dissatisfied with the design of their outside spaces with regard to the effectiveness of space, availability of services, viability and vitality, public realm design, the density of activities, design character, walkability, diversity of existing services, richness, continuity and enclosure design. In contrast, they were satisfied with the accessibility and connectivity between spaces, availability of safe and welcoming spaces, mental map elements design and urban structure. Statistically, this research found that there were no significant relationships between the students’ satisfaction level and their age, gender, educational pursuits, education specialty and education level. Moreover, the correlation results revealed that the relationships/interrelationships between all the campus urban design principles have strong/very strong positive linear associations and significant relationships (r> 89).Practical implicationsThis research recommended that the urban designer and architects should adopt the bottom-up approach when they are designing and planning the campus. They should apply all the above urban design principles to achieve the flexible and dynamic campus urban design and the students’ needs. Well-designed campus creates multi-functional places for students’ activities, encourages them for socialization and enhances their academic performance and experience, increases their feeling of belonging, enhances the sense of well-being and supports outside learning activities and experiences. The objectives for the campus urban design should promote high standards and qualities of open spaces, create a sense of places, serve students’ needs, provide effective design for socialization, provide maximum flexible design to allow for future campus growth and create a safe and healthy environment to express the quality of university’s life. Finally, the students should participate actively in the developing design of their campus activity.Originality/valueTo avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, this research is essential for future HU campus design. In addition to defining and describing all the campus urban design principles, this research provides HU decision-makers with an informed, holistic view of their students’ satisfaction levels, needs and requirements within their urban campus design to develop the HU campus design. Moreover, this research provides a new vision for the future in the form of data and guidelines for a new campus design. The findings are intended to provide useful information to university managers, leaders, policymakers and urban designers who implement strategies to improve the quality of campus urban design. This research opens the door for new research by duplicating the same research contents and methodologies on another campus design within different regions and cultures to fully develop a universal guideline for campus urban design.
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Ali, Dhouha Haj. "Inequality in Early Childhood." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2021070103.
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This paper has a dual purpose. First, it aims to construct and evaluate parental investment in early childhood based on five indicators: mental development, discipline, nutrition, health, and leisure. Second, it aspires to establish a link between the education of mother and family well-being and the level of parental investment in early childhood with regard to the five indicators. The author tests the impact of family well-being and mother's education on investment in early childhood to find out if discrimination of gender and residence inequalities matter. Results indicate that the family's degree of wealth/socio-economic class and mother's education have a significant positive effect on all indicators of parental investment in early childhood except on discipline. The author also sees that households in rural areas invest more in the discipline of their children than urban ones. Moreover, they discriminate between gender in favor of boys.
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Chiesa, Giacomo, and Yingyue Li. "Including Urban Heat Island in Bioclimatic Early-Design Phases: A Simplified Methodology and Sample Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115918.
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Urban heat island and urban-driven climate variations are recognized issues and may considerably affect the local climatic potential of free-running technologies. Nevertheless, green design and bioclimatic early-design analyses are generally based on typical rural climate data, without including urban effects. This paper aims to define a simple approach to considering urban shapes and expected effects on local bioclimatic potential indicators to support early-design choices. Furthermore, the proposed approach is based on simplifying urban shapes to simplify analyses in early-design phases. The proposed approach was applied to a sample location (Turin, temperate climate) and five other climate conditions representative of Eurasian climates. The results show that the inclusion of the urban climate dimension considerably reduced rural HDD (heating degree-days) from 10% to 30% and increased CDD (cooling degree-days) from 70% to 95%. The results reveal the importance of including the urban climate dimension in early-design phases, such as building programming in which specific design actions are not yet defined, to support the correct definition of early-design bioclimatic analyses.
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Pollard, Vikki, Andrew Vincent, and Emily Wilson. "Learning-to-be in two vocationally-oriented higher education degrees." On the Horizon 23, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-06-2014-0021.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the pedagogical approach of two higher education programmes aiming to develop both discipline-specific and key employability skills in graduates. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents two case studies of degree programs in the broad field of the creative industries and focusses on the innovative pedagogy adopted based on a “learning to be” approach (McWilliam, 2008). Findings – The two case studies describe a different type of pedagogy taken up at one mixed-sector institution over two degree programs. The degrees offered within this institution are recognised as being vocationally oriented yet productive of the higher-order skills expected of degree programs. The case studies illustrate this through a pedagogy designed to orientate the students towards the development of a sense of identity whilst also placing them within the broader professional context of the discipline. Practical implications – The paper has practical implications for educators in the field and points towards the need to consider the broader professional context of the students in the course design and review phases of programmes in the creative industries. Originality/value – It is hoped the findings will be useful to educators and curriculum developers in other creative industries’ higher education programs with a vocational orientation to inform future course design, review and planning.
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Nascimento, Maria Eduarda de Carvalho, Rosa Carolina da Silva Bezerra Rodrigues, Laís Cavalcanti Correia Numeriano, Victor Gurgel Pessoa, Márcio Douglas Leal da Silveira, and Tomás Guilherme Pereira da Silva. "Percepção de estudantes de Medicina Veterinária de uma IES privada acerca do método FAMACHA." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n3/2021/6-16/agrariacad.
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The objective was to evaluate the degree of knowledge and the opinion of 95 Veterinary Medicine students from a private higher education institution in Recife-PE, regarding the Famacha method. 94.7% of respondents lived in urban area and 5.3% lived in rural area. 76% said they had never heard of the method and only 29.47% stated that it had been discussed in some discipline of the course. As for the acquisition of the Famacha card, 93.7% did not know the procedures. The degree of knowledge demonstrated by students of Veterinary Medicine on the Famacha method is low, which indicates the need to explain this tool in subjects offered during the course.
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Di Franco, Andrea. "Fare e insegnare." TERRITORIO, no. 61 (June 2012): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-061020.
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Making and teaching architecture: the relationship between professional practice and academic efforts aimed at research and teaching does not always follow a continuous line that consistently connects theoretical assumptions and concrete results. This unavoidable gap between professional circumstances and experimental themes of the discipline becomes an opportunity for enriching the significance of both areas, establishing a more problematic but deeper notion of the discipline of design. The research intended for the pages of the departmental journal attempts to cover some works by teachers in our school, and from their interpretation the frequently complex relationship emerges between key themes in the architectural discipline and their repercussions on the level of the urban landscape.
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Zhang, Yong. "An Analysis of the Problems in the Landscape Design for the Contemporary Urban Residential Areas in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.754.
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The landscape design for urban residential areas is a comprehensive and emerging discipline. From the perspective of art, landscape designers should give full consideration to the formal beauty which includes the conception of the work, space, drawing, color, etc. Works should make people feel their beauty in sight, hearing, touch, smell, etc. But only pursuing the beauty of the form is not enough, landscape design is the comprehensive science and artistic subject. Ignoring the function and only pursuing the formal beauty are the common problems in the works of landscape design. When dealing with the landscape design, designers must take the combination of residents, outdoor activities, environment and art into consideration according to the requirements of the landscape design for urban residential areas. The purpose of the landscape design for urban residential areas is to construct an open area in the external space of buildings and make it harmonize with the city, buildings, people and people's life.
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Roberts, Marion. "Planning, urban design and the night-time city." Criminology & Criminal Justice 9, no. 4 (October 19, 2009): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895809343415.
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The planning system was constrained by a neo-liberalist insistence on land-use planning in the 1980s and early 1990s, thereby providing the institutional framework for deregulation of the numbers, capacities and types of licensed premises in town and city centres. This had a direct impact on levels of crime, violence and anti-social behaviour. Criminologists have criticized planners for their complicity in this process. The article argues that entertainment uses have been marginal to the social and ecological preoccupations of the planning profession. It suggests that the reintroduction of spatial planning by the New Labour government has allowed planners to reassert social and environmental objectives into their development plans and potentially to introduce a greater degree of regulatory control. The article examines the changes to the planning system and its complex relation to licensing. Finally, it questions whether this new opportunity for planners to intervene will be realized in the current economic downturn.
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Brain, David. "Reconstituting the Urban Commons: Public Space, Social Capital and the Project of Urbanism." Urban Planning 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.2018.
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This article outlines a framework for connecting design-oriented research on accommodating and encouraging social interaction in public space with investigation of broader questions regarding civic engagement, social justice and democratic governance. How can we define the “kind of problem a city is” (Jacobs, 1961), simultaneously attending to the social processes at stake in urban places, the spatial ordering of urban form and the construction of the forms of agency that enable us to make better places on purpose? How can empirical research be connected more systematically to theories of democratic governance, with clear implications for urban design, urban and regional planning as professional practice? This framework connects three distinct theoretical moves: (1) understanding the sociological implications of public space as an urban commons, (2) connecting the making of public space to research on social capital and collective efficacy, and (3) understanding recent tendencies in the discipline of urban design in terms of the social construction of a “program of action” (Latour, 1992) at the heart of the professional practices relevant to the built environment.
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Chai, Shushan, Qinghuai Liang, and Simin Zhong. "Design of Urban Rail Transit Network Constrained by Urban Road Network, Trips and Land-Use Characteristics." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 6128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216128.
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In the process of urban rail transit network design, the urban road network, urban trips and land use are the key factors to be considered. At present, the subjective and qualitative methods are usually used in most practices. In this paper, a quantitative model is developed to ensure the matching between the factors and the urban rail transit network. In the model, a basic network, which is used to define the roads that candidate lines will pass through, is firstly constructed based on the locations of large traffic volume and main passenger flow corridors. Two matching indexes are proposed: one indicates the matching degree between the network and the trip demand, which is calculated by the deviation value between two gravity centers of the stations’ importance distribution in network and the traffic zones’ trip intensity; the other one describes the matching degree between the network and the land use, which is calculated by the deviation value between the fractal dimensions of stations’ importance distribution and the traffic zones’ land-use intensity. The model takes the maximum traffic turnover per unit length of network and the minimum average volume of transfer passengers between lines as objectives. To solve the NP-hard problem in which the variables increase exponentially with the increase of network size, a neighborhood search algorithm is developed based on simulated annealing method. A real case study is carried out to show that the model and algorithm are effective.
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DOYLE, BARRY M. "A decade of urban history: Ashgate's Historical Urban Studies series." Urban History 36, no. 3 (October 30, 2009): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926809990149.
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The first half of the 1990s was a pivotal period in the development and growth of urban history in Europe. In Britain the Urban History Group began to convene again after a decade in abeyance, work commenced on the three-volumeCambridge Urban History of Britain, theUrban History YearbookbecameUrban Historywhilst the European Association of Urban Historians organized their first conference. It was in this climate that Ashgate Publishing commissioned a new monograph series, Historical Urban Studies, under the editorship of Richard Rodger, editor ofUrban History, and Jean-Luc Pinol, the leading French urban historian and a key figure in the European Association of Urban Historians (EAUH). The aim of the series was and is to be comparative over both time and space, drawing on multiple locations to explore what is common and what distinctive about the urban experience of diverse towns and nations. The broad agenda for the series was shaped by an overarching concern with the administration and governance of the city which underpinned attempts to manage the social, economic and political challenges wrought by 300 years of urban change. In particular, the editors stress the importance of the comparative element which should allow historians to distinguish ‘which were systematic factors and which were of a purely local nature’. The editors set themselves an ambitious agenda and this essay aims to explore how the series has developed over the ten or so years since it commenced publication; the degree to which it has provided a platform for advancing the sub-discipline of urban history; and to consider some future directions which urban history might take.
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Wang, Yanxia, and Leiyi Chen. "Architectural and Landscape Garden Planning Integrated with Artificial Intelligence Parametric Analysis." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8577269.
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Parametric design, driven by digital technology, has sparked extensive research and debate in the domains of architecture and urban planning, offering a new approach to issue solving. Architecture and landscape architecture, like architecture and urban planning, are disciplines that are part of the artificial environment. Architectural landscape design has begun to be influenced by parametric design. This study presents a more technical parametric design technique of architectural landscape design that involves artificial intelligence parametric analysis and proposes an architectural landscape planning and design method that incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) parametric analysis. This is a new discipline of concurrent design that complements and expands architectural landscape design methodologies and is based on artificial intelligence methods. This study integrates artificial intelligence parametric design theory and methodology into architectural landscape design and presents a parametric method appropriate for landscape architecture design based on architectural landscape architecture characteristics.
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Liu, Long. "Urban Complex Public Space Design Method Based on Support Vector Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 16, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9812223.
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Urban commercial complex is the product of social and economic development, as well as the inevitable trend of commercial development. The public space design of urban complex project is an important link in its development process, which is the link between the contact and the building, the city and the building, and the external image display of the complex. Therefore, choosing a suitable and excellent public space design scheme is of great significance to show the superiority of the complex project and improve the project satisfaction and the sustainable operation in the later stage. This paper first defines the concept of urban complex public space and focuses on the analysis of the urban complex public space from four aspects of constituent elements, functional classification, design theory, and principle. Then, the Delphi method is used to determine 26 evaluation indicators to evaluate the urban complex public space design scheme, and the relevant index data of 20 urban complex public space design schemes are collected. The grey correlation analysis method is used to analyze the correlation degree between each indicator and the scheme winning bid. The final evaluation system of urban complex public space design scheme is obtained after removing the 8 indicators with low correlation degree. Support vector mechanism was used to build the optimization model of urban complex public space design scheme, and its accuracy was verified, which provides a relatively simple and quantitative method for urban public space design in the future, helps to improve the city’s business structure, improves the business environment of the city, makes the commercial complex more effectively play its own characteristics and advantages, effectively stimulates the vitality of urban space, and creates more perfect architectural space and urban space for people.
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Tefera, Adai A., Genevieve Siegel-Hawley, and Ashlee L. Sjogren. "The (In)Visibility of Race in School Discipline Across Urban, Suburban, and Exurban Contexts." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 124, no. 4 (April 2022): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681221093282.
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Background/Context: Racial disparities in school discipline represent a long-standing injustice in U.S. schools. Students of color, particularly Black students, are systematically subjected to harsher school disciplinary actions compared with their peers. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the severity of the problem and the negative consequences of harsh punishment, particularly given that students who are disciplined are more likely to be forced into the complex nexus of education and incarceration. Focus of Study: In this study, we aimed to understand how different racial contexts in urban, suburban, and exurban schools shaped responses to and understandings about racial disparities in school discipline. Drawing on an interdisciplinary framework that centers the visibility and invisibility of race (Artiles, 2019) throughout the disciplinary cycle, this study was guided by two research questions: (1) What are the similarities and differences in educators’ and students’ understandings of racial contexts and racial disparities in school discipline across urban, suburban, and exurban school districts? (2) How do urban, suburban, and exurban school districts’ racial contexts shape educators’ responses to racial disparities in discipline? Research Design: This research was part of a larger mixed-methods research–practice partnership that aimed to understand racial disparities in school discipline and how to address them across varying school contexts in Central Virginia. The qualitative portion of the study included individual and focus group interviews and classroom observations. The findings reported in this article focus specifically on 50 individual and focus group interviews with teachers, leaders, staff, and students. Findings: Our findings demonstrate the ways race was made visible and invisible in responses to and understandings about racial disparities in discipline. This was evident in the ways deficit perspectives were racialized and how race-evasive perspectives and ideologies dominated educators’ responses to the problem. We found these responses were mediated by the racial contexts of each school. For instance, we learned that educators at the urban middle school with a majority of Black and Latinx students were the most willing to discuss the role of race and racism in shaping racial disparities in discipline compared with educators at the suburban and exurban schools. Educators at the racially diverse suburban high school focused on socioeconomic diversity and relied on deficit cultural explanations for poverty. Contrastingly, educators at the exurban school openly discussed its racial homogeneity with its mostly White students, and their language regarding racial disparities was laced with race-evasive terms and some racist perspectives. Across suburban and exurban school contexts, many educators adopted race-evasive and deficit rationales for disproportionality in ways that failed to consider the role of the school in disciplinary outcomes. We also found that students across the three school contexts were more willing than educators to discuss the role of race and racism in explaining disparities in discipline. Conclusions/Recommendations: Findings from this study have important implications for how schools can respond more effectively to racial disparities in discipline. First, it is important that schools create policies and practices that provide clear guidelines to promote racial equity in discipline. Data should therefore be collected, shared, discussed, analyzed, and used to inform how to improve disciplinary practices and interventions at multiple intersections (e.g., by race, gender, socioeconomic status, and disability) given research that demonstrates disproportionality in discipline emerges among students of color and multiply-marginalized students. Second, schools must critically examine how their everyday beliefs about race become enacted in practice and ultimately institutionalized, thereby granting privileges to dominant groups. Third, schools can benefit from including and engaging with students as they reform disciplinary procedures to address racial disparities. Ultimately, disrupting racial inequities in discipline requires responses that include engagement with race and racism in ways that attend to both individual beliefs and school policies and practices.
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Ko, Dosun, Aydin Bal, Halil Ibrahim Çakir, and Hyejung Kim. "Expanding Transformative Agency: Learning Lab as a Social Change Intervention for Racial Equity in School Discipline." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 123, no. 2 (February 2021): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146812112300201.
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Background In the United States, students of color are more likely to receive disciplinary exclusion compared with their White peers. The racial disproportionality in exclusionary school discipline (e.g., office discipline referrals and suspension) marginalizes students from nondominant communities and further aggravates inequalities in academic, social, and behavioral outcomes. As a socially, historically, and geographically situated inequity issue, addressing racial disparities in disciplinary outcomes requires a transformative experiment in which local stakeholders can engage in situated problem identification and problem-solving efforts in response to their specific needs, goals, and local dynamics. Purpose of Study This study examined how Learning Lab, an inclusive, collaborative problem-solving process, created a collaborative problem-solving space wherein school stakeholders exercised their collective, transformative agency to bring about a qualitative transformation in the school discipline system at an urban middle school for the creation of culturally responsive and equity-oriented learning environments for all students. Setting The research took place at Rogoff Middle School in Wisconsin, which has historically served students from urban, low-income families. The school community struggled with the overrepresentation of Black students in exclusionary school discipline. Participants Learning Lab comprised 14 members. Three parents and 11 school staff— administrators, teachers, social workers, an after-school coordinator, and a parent/paraprofessional working in a special education classroom—participated in the Learning Lab. Research Design This study used the Learning Lab intervention, taking place at an urban middle school between November 2012 and May 2014, as an instrumental case to explore how the participatory, design-based intervention transformed a schoolwide behavioral support system. Data collected from 14 meetings include observations, ethnographic field notes, school disciplinary data, and photos. All meetings were video recorded and transcribed, then analyzed using a transformative agency framework. Findings/Results With the aim of organizing inclusive problem-solving activities for shared, collaborative future-making learning experiences, the Learning Lab encouraged local stakeholders to exercise their collective, transformative agency in order to produce locally meaningful and emancipatory knowledge aimed at reshaping a dysfunctional, punitive system that historically has yielded racial injustice in school discipline. Conclusions/Recommendations As a community-driven, scaled-down design process, Learning Lab can be a powerful leadership tool for school leaders to unite school stakeholders by building authentic school–family–community partnerships and leveraging expertise, experiences, and ingenuity for the development of locally optimized solutions to inequity.