Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Reproductive Biology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Reproductive Biology"
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Dubynin, Alexander. "Conservation Biology as an Academic Discipline: Novosibirsk State University’s Master’s Degree Program Experience." BIO Web of Conferences 38 (2021): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800027.
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A reduction in the planet’s biodiversity requires an active response by politicians, environmental activists, and scientists. Modern biological education should provide an opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to solve complex tasks targeted at preserving and restoring vulnerable species habitats and ecosystems. Students study conservation biology at many universities around the world with this as their goal. For the first time in Russia, a Master’s Conservation Biology course for biology students was developed and tested at Novosibirsk State University. This primer course (108 hours) includes lectures, discussions, excursions, elements of gamification, combines auditorium and online classes, uses social networks for additional communication with students, and experienced practitioners. The course has been highly rated by students and can be expanded to include a larger audience.
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Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, and T. J. Lysyk. "ADULT AGE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN STABLE FLY POPULATIONS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 2 (April 1994): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent126239-2.
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AbstractThe pterin age-grading method was applied to natural populations of stable flies sampled for 3 years from diverse locations in Minnesota and Iowa. Significant differences were detected among years in mean degree-day ages per fly. Fly ages, in degree-day units, were exponentially distributed. A two-parameter Weibull distribution closely fit the fly survival distributions. Mean expectations of life did not differ significantly between males and females and were estimated to be 86.6 degree-days above a 6.5 °C threshold. Conventional age-grading techniques based on ovarian morphology applied to Iowa females showed that large fractions of the populations experienced delays in vitellogenesis. The reproductive rate, in terms of lifetime ovipositions, was less than the maximum sustainable rate suggested by ambient temperatures.
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Vágási, Csongor I., Orsolya Vincze, Jean-François Lemaître, Péter L. Pap, Victor Ronget, and Jean-Michel Gaillard. "Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1823 (March 8, 2021): 20190744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0744.
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Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senescence: (i) is widespread and occurs with similar frequency (about two-thirds) in birds and mammals; (ii) occurs later in life and is slower in birds than in similar-sized mammals; (iii) occurs later in life and is slower with an increasingly slower pace of life in both vertebrate classes; and (iv) is only weakly associated, if any, with the degree of sociality in both classes after accounting for the effect of body size and pace of life. However, when removing the effect of species differences in pace of life, a higher degree of sociality was associated with later and weaker reproductive senescence in females, which suggests that the degree of sociality is either indirectly related to reproductive senescence via the pace of life or simply a direct outcome of the pace of life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
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Mann, Danny, and Jason Morrison. "Are there curricular differences between biology-based and application-based "bio" engineering disciplines?" Canadian Biosystems Engineering 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 9.19–9.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2021.63.9.19.
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Several authors have previously promoted the transformation of the application-based agricultural engineering discipline into a biology-based biological engineering discipline. A systematic analysis of titles for courses being taught by ASABE-umbrella programs across North America was undertaken to identify curricular differences between biology-based and application-based “bio” engineering disciplines. Based on 44 ASABE-umbrella programs analyzed, the four most commonly used program names were biological engineering (25%), biosystems engineering (20%), biological systems engineering (15.9%) and agricultural engineering (13.6%). Definitions of these four program names were reviewed; biosystems, biological systems and agricultural engineering are typically defined such that they are best described as application-based “bio” engineering disciplines while biological engineering is best described as a biology-based engineering discipline. Based on statistical analysis of the frequency of words in course titles, there was a significant increase in the usage of the word “food” and a lack of the word “project” in the course titles within biological engineering programs. Over half of the unique options were found in biological engineering programs suggesting that they do offer unique course content compared with biosystems, biological systems and agricultural engineering degree programs, however, it is noteworthy that four options appear across all four degrees. It is concluded that there are curricular differences between biology-based and application-based “bio” engineering disciplines, however, the curricular differences are not as substantive as one might conclude from the philosophical discussions in the literature. Alternatively, it may simply not be possible to detect curricular differences solely from an analysis of the course titles
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Singh, B. N., and Sujata Chatterjee. "No character displacement for reproductive isolation between Drosophila bipectinata and Drosophila malerkotliana." Genome 34, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-131.
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To test whether character displacement for reproductive isolation between Drosophila bipectinata and Drosophila malerkotliana exists, the degree of sexual isolation was measured between their sympatric and allopatric populations. Although the isolation indices vary in different crosses, the average isolation index for sympatric populations is very close to that for allopatric populations. This shows no difference in the degree of sexual isolation between sympatric and allopatric populations of D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana. Thus there is no evidence for the existence of character displacement for sexual isolation between these two closely related sympatric species.Key words: Drosophila bipectinata, Drosophila malerkotliana, sexual isolation, sympatric and allopatric populations.
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Bentley, R. Alexander, William A. Brock, Camila C. S. Caiado, and Michael J. O'Brien. "Evaluating reproductive decisions as discrete choices under social influence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1692 (April 19, 2016): 20150154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0154.
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Discrete choice, coupled with social influence, plays a significant role in evolutionary studies of human fertility, as investigators explore how and why reproductive decisions are made. We have previously proposed that the relative magnitude of social influence can be compared against the transparency of pay-off, also known as the transparency of a decision, through a heuristic diagram that maps decision-making along two axes. The horizontal axis represents the degree to which an agent makes a decision individually versus one that is socially influenced, and the vertical axis represents the degree to which there is transparency in the pay-offs and risks associated with the decision the agent makes. Having previously parametrized the functions that underlie the diagram, we detail here how our estimation methods can be applied to real-world datasets concerning sexual health and contraception.
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Calvo, Jorge, Elba Morriconi, and Gustavo A. Rae. "Reproductive biology of the icefish Champsocephalus esox (Günther, 1861) (Channichthyidae)." Antarctic Science 11, no. 2 (June 1999): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000206.
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Champsocephalus esox is the only icefish species found outside Antarctica. In a population from the Beagle Channel, the complete annual reproductive cycle has been determined. Gonad maturity stages have been established for males and females by histological analysis. Males are sexually mature from January–September with a maximum gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 3.63%. Histologically, testes are very homogeneous and the degree of maturation of the testicular cysts is similar among different tubules at the same maturation stage. Running ripe testes have mature sperm and a few spermatogoniae arranged near the blind end of the tubules. In sexually active females that are found from February–November, ovaries contain only ripe oocytes or postovulatory follicles, together with a batch of previtellogenic oocytes. During hydration, oocyte diameter reaches 2.7 mm, and oocyte dry weight increases due to material intake, the maximum GSI in ovulated ovaries is 21.89 and hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreases. These facts suggest a transfer of matter from liver to the gonads. Absolute fecundity ranges from 3303–8600 oocytes. Relative fecundity ranges from 22.5–43.5 oocytes per gram total weight. In C. esox, relative fecundity has a similar range to those quoted for the different C. gunnari populations, whilst mature oocyte diameter is small and reproductive season extended compared to the same parameters in other Channichthyidae.
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Arheden, Håkan. "Clinical physiology: a successful academic and clinical discipline is threatened in Sweden." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2009.
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Clinical physiologists in Sweden are physicians (the majority with a PhD degree) with thorough training in system physiology and pathophysiology. They investigate patients in a functional approach and are engaged in basic and applied physiology teaching and research. In 1954, clinical physiology was founded as an independent academic and clinical discipline by the Swedish government to ensure “contact between routine clinical work and the scientific progression.” Up until 2008, clinical physiology was an independent clinical discipline but was then made a subdiscipline to radiology, a fundamentally different discipline. Individuals wishing to become clinical physiologists are required to be trained and certified as European radiologists, after which training and certification as clinical physiologists may be pursued. This means that radiologists without training in clinical physiology have become gatekeepers for future clinical physiologists. Unfortunately, this development takes place at a time when research and education in preclinical integrative physiology have diminished in favor of other organizational levels, such as cellular and molecular biology. The responsibilities for education and research in integrative human physiology have therefore mainly been transferred to clinical physiologists. Clinical physiology has been a successful independent clinical discipline in Sweden for the past 55 years and could serve as a model for other countries. Unless clinical physiologists regain control over their own discipline, systems physiology as a knowledge base and resource for patient care, education, and research will be severely impaired.
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Borna, Fatemeh, Nabil M. Ahmad, Shuming Luo, and Richard Trethowan. "Reproductive biology of a medicinally important plant Leonurus cardiaca (Lamiaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15186.
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Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) is an annual species indigenous to central Europe and Scandinavia and has been used in traditional medicine because of its health benefits. The reproductive biology of L. cardiaca was investigated to provide a basis for the genetic improvement of secondary metabolites or extracts that could have human health benefits. L. cardiaca is self-compatible but bears protandrous flowers, which promote cross-pollination. The stigma becomes receptive 2 or 3 days after anthesis and anther dehiscence. Phenological observations revealed that the mean flowering duration was approximately 2 weeks within each inflorescence and 2 months within a plant. The timing of anthesis of flowers within each inflorescence and flowers of different inflorescences is usually synchronous, leading to the possibility of geitonogamous pollination. A high degree of synchronisation in flowering was observed among the plants within each of the populations studied. Among the populations, Khansar was the first to flower, whereas Dargaz was the last. A modified Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) medium optimised for in vitro germination of L. cardiaca pollen was used to establish a rapid and simple test that generally correlated with seed set. The optimised medium comprised 15% sucrose and 2.5% polyethylene glycol 4000. Data from staining with iodine–potassium iodide solution (IKI) and Alexander’s stain were positively correlated with in vitro germination and, therefore, could be used in rapid pollen-viability assays for L. cardiaca.
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van Wichelen, Sonja, and Marc de Leeuw. "Biolegality: How Biology and Law Redefine Sociality." Annual Review of Anthropology 51, no. 1 (October 24, 2022): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-041520-102305.
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As an empirical concept, biolegality emerged at the height of biotechnological advances in Euro-American societies when rapid changes in the life sciences (including molecular biology, immunology, and the neurosciences) and their attendant techniques (including reproductive technologies and gene editing) started to challenge ethical norms, legal decisions, and legal forms. As a theoretical concept, biolegality deepens the Foucauldian notion of biopolitics with an operation of legality that emphasizes how biology and its attendant technologies alter legal form, knowledge, practice, and experience. These empirical and theoretical developments affect how we understand sociality. While public discourse remains preoccupied with the call for more regulation—thereby underscoring law's lag in its dealings with technology—the social science scholarship describes instead how bioscience and biotechnology are fragmenting and rearranging legal knowledge about property, personhood, parenthood, and collective identity. As it opens broader anthropological debates around exchange, self, kinship, and community, the study of biolegality brings a novel currency to the discipline, addressing how biology and law inform new ways of relating and knowing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Reproductive Biology"
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Yadav, Anand. "General biology and reproductive fitness of Tasmanian lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae Walker : a thesis presented in partial fulfllment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Protection at the Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1029.
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Tasmanian lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae Walker, is an important predator of a number of economically important pests such as aphids. This study was conducted to investigate some aspects of general biology and factors affecting the reproductive fitness of this species Emergence of M. tasmaniae peaked 3 h before light off and there was no significant difference in emergence patterns between males and females. Males became sexually mature earlier than females. Mating success significantly increased from the first to the eleventh hour after lights on. Predation, development and oviposition of M. tasmaniae were affected when reared under different photoperiods [i.e. 24:0, 16:8, 12:12, 0:24 h (light:dark)]. Results indicate that no individuals entered diapause at either an immature or adult stage. M. tasmaniae larvae could feed in both the photophase and scotophase and late instar larvae consumed significantly more aphids than early instar larvae. M. tasmaniae reared at 16:8 h developed faster and had lower mortality, heavier adult body weight and higher reproductive output in terms of fecundity and fertility rate. Therefore, mass-rearing programmes are recommended to be carried out at 16:8 h to obtain the higher quality of individuals and faster increase of populations. The larger-the better theory predicts that the reproductive fitness is positively linearly associated with body size or weight. However, the body weight of female M. tasmaniae had no effect on the reproductive fitness in terms of fecundity, fertility, fertility rate, oviposition period and longevity. The male body weight may contribute to the population growth of M. tasmaniae as the average females that mated with average or heavy males had significantly higher fecundity, fertility and fertility rate and longer reproductive period. These results suggest that development of any control method that should selectively mass-produce heavy and average individuals in the laboratory would help increasing M. tasmaniae quality and populations. M. tasmaniae is a polygamous species. Results indicate that female remating either with the same or different males was crucial for maximizing their reproductive success. Males could inseminate up to eight females and father about one thousand offspring during their life span.
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Van, den Brink Anneke M. "The reproductive ecology and biology of the pill-box crab: Halicarcinus cookii (Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) Filhol, 1885 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Canterbury /." 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20061009.123329.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Reproductive Biology"
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Zampieri, Fabio. "Darwin’s Impact on the Medical Sciences." In Integrating Evolutionary Biology into Medical Education, 171–86. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814153.003.0010.
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In early nineteenth century medicine, the concepts of organic evolution and natural selection emerged in different contexts, partly anticipating Darwinian revolution. In particular, the anatomical concept of disease favored the perception that men and animals were very similar from a morphological, physiological and pathological point of view, and that this could indicate a certain degree of kinship between them. The debate around human races and human pathological heredity saw first formulations of the principle of natural selection, even if without a full appraisal of its evolutionary implications. Charles Darwin took many inspirations from these medical theories. The impact of the theory of evolution formulated by him in 1859 was only apparently slight in medicine. It is even possible to support that evolutionary concepts contributed in a significant way to the most important medical issues, debates and new discipline in the period between 1880 and 1940.
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Lamer, Antoine, Naima Oubenali, Romaric Marcilly, Mathilde Fruchart, and Benjamin Guinhouya. "Master’s Degree in Health Data Science: Implementation and Assessment After Five Years." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220906.
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Health data science is an emerging discipline that bridges computer science, statistics and health domain knowledge. This consists of taking advantage of the large volume of data, often complex, to extract information to improve decision-making. We have created a Master’s degree in Health Data Science to meet the growing need for data scientists in companies and institutions. The training offers, over two years, courses covering computer science, mathematics and statistics, health and biology. With more than 60 professors and lecturers, a total of 835 hours of classes (not including the mandatory 5 months of internship per year), this curriculum has enrolled a total of 53 students today. The feedback from the students and alumni allowed us identifying new needs in terms of training, which may help us to adapt the program for the coming academic years. In particular, we will offer an additional module covering data management, from the edition of the clinical report form to the implementation of a data warehouse with an ETL process. Git and application lifecycle management will be included in programming courses or multidisciplinary projects.
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Vehlken, Sebastian. "Formations." In Zootechnologies. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986206_ch02.
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Concerned with formations, the second chapter is devoted to historical scenes in the development of behavioral biology around 1900. The latter discipline systematized knowledge about swarms by relying on physical instead of then popular social models of interaction, e.g. in mass psychology. It developed a genuinely ‘biological gaze’ that was determined to study animal collectives in terms of the ‘systemic’ nature of their inter-individual behavior. Techniques and media for gathering data thus gained a new degree of relevance, replacing the human sensory apparatus, which perceived little more than noise, and traditional systems for recording information (diaries, hand-written observations), which could not deal with the abundance of data.
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Dan-Cohen, Talia. "Labs, Lives, Technoscience." In A Simpler Life, 19–36. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753442.003.0002.
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This chapter looks at Sharon Traweek's classic study of physicists, which tracks the way the experimental particle physics community reproduces itself through the training of novices. It identifies the patterns through which education and inculcation occur, and by which particle physicists learn the criteria for a successful career. It also examines the images Traweek conveys of community, stability, and gendered reproduction that can be discerned only within a sufficiently entrenched discipline. The chapter describes synthetic biology as an unstable and ambiguously bounded field in which idiosyncratic individual paths are figured prominently, especially for members of the first generation of practitioners whose training took place within the reproductive mechanisms of established disciplines. It explores paths that are embedded with different concepts and logics within the synthetic organisms that were made in different labs.
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Nieschlag, Eberhard. "Definitions and classification of disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1333–35. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.9004.
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The testes have a dual function: production of male gametes and synthesis of testosterone. Their loss or loss of function does not lead to a life-threatening condition, but is incompatible with procreation. The ultimate role of testosterone is to ensure the transfer of sperm to the female and thus facilitate reproduction. However, testosterone acts on practically all organs and tissues in the body, having many functions which are seemingly not aimed exclusively at reproduction. In general, testosterone is responsible for ‘ maleness’ and thus for all features of the male phenotype, metabolism, and character. Testosterone is responsible for the differences between the sexes and thus has implications ranging from biology to sociocultural aspects. In a negative sense, its actions can be studied in individuals lacking testosterone and—in a positive sense—in these individuals receiving testosterone replacement therapy. Female-to-male transsexuals under testosterone treatment may also contribute to understanding of testosterone effects. As the dominating factor of maleness, testosterone exerts its activity throughout all phases of life. Therefore, endocrinology forms the backbone of andrology as the medical discipline dealing with male reproductive functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Andrology encompasses gonadal dysfunction in puberty, adulthood, and senescence, and deals with problems such as erectile dysfunction and male contraception. The object of andrology may be summarized as ‘ male reproductive health‘. Since a textbook of endocrinology can deal with only some, albeit important, aspects of male reproductive health, the reader is referred to specialized monographs for a more complete description of the field of andrology, e.g. Nieschlag et al . (1). In this volume, various aspects of male endocrinology are dealt with throughout, such that an integrated view of male endocrinology can only be obtained by referring to other chapters of this book. This chapter provides a classification of disorders of testicular function based on localization of cause.