Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Public Policy'
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1
Herrera, Veronica, and Alison E. Post. "The Case for Public Policy Expertise in Political Science." PS: Political Science & Politics 52, no. 03 (February 28, 2019): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519000015.
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ABSTRACTThe politics of public policy is a vibrant research area increasingly at the forefront of intellectual innovations in the discipline. We argue that political scientists are best positioned to undertake research on the politics of public policy when they possess expertise in particular policy areas. Policy expertise positions scholars to conduct theoretically innovative work and to ensure that empirical research reflects the reality they aim to analyze. It also confers important practical advantages, such as access to a significant number of academic positions and major sources of research funding not otherwise available to political scientists. Perhaps most importantly, scholars with policy expertise are equipped to defend the value of political science degrees and research in the public sphere.
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Holtorf, Cornelius. "The need and potential for an archaeology orientated towards the present." Archaeological Dialogues 20, no. 1 (June 2013): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203813000056.
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AbstractThe question ‘Can an archaeologist be a public intellectual?’ appears to express both an unfulfilled desire and a secret hope of an entire professional corps to count among them at least a few public intellectuals. I suggest that the state of the discipline of archaeology makes it harder, compared with other disciplines, for its professional representatives to address present-day issues and relate to public debates. I also suggest that maybe the most significant effect of the fact that society's public intellectuals generally do not have degrees in archaeology is that participants in public debates and policy makers are unaware of how various applications of archaeology and cultural heritage can benefit contemporary society. This potential will therefore have to be realized in different ways.
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Turnovsky, Stephen J., and Ronald Wendner. "INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMIC DYNAMICS SPECIAL ISSUE: PUBLIC POLICY, EXTERNALITIES, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, S2 (September 20, 2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000362.
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Externalities are a fundamental aspect of any modern interdependent economy. The fact that agents interact with one another makes it inevitable that their decisions will influence one another directly, in addition to any indirect impact that may occur through the market place. Ever since the earliest stages of the discipline, externalities have been of prime concern to economists, who have long argued that they provide an important motive for (economic) decision making. To cite one prominent example, in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith notes that “Though it is in order to supply the necessities and conveniences of the body that the advantages of external fortune are originally recommended to us, yet we cannot live long in the world without perceiving that the respect of our equals, our credit and rank in the society we live in, depend very much upon the degree in which we possess, or are supposed to possess those advantages. The desire of becoming the proper objects of this respect . . . is perhaps the strongest of all our desires” [Smith (1759, pp. 348–349)]. In modern terminology, Adam Smith is referring to a consumption externality.
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Díaz-Roldán, Carmen. "Fiscal performance in monetary unions: How much austerity should be allowed?" Panoeconomicus 64, no. 1 (2017): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan140730021d.
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The effectiveness of fiscal policy becomes particularly relevant in the case of the member countries of a monetary union facing a sovereign debt crisis. In that environment, fiscal policy is constrained by the need to carry out fiscal consolidation and reduce debt levels. For that reason and with the purpose of anchoring fiscal discipline, the adoption of fiscal rules has become a central issue. In this paper we will analyse the management of fiscal policies in monetary unions, when the central bank and the fiscal authorities follow policy rules. The results are related to the conservativeness of the central bank, the degree of austerity of the fiscal authorities and the initial level of public debt.
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Fischer, Tatjana. "Understanding the Spatial-Related Abstraction of Public Health Impact Goals and Measures: Illustrated by the Example of the Austrian Action Plan on Women’s Health." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020773.
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The influence of spatial aspects on people’s health is internationally proven by a wealth of empirical findings. Nevertheless, questions concerning public health still tend to be negotiated among social and health scientists. This was different in the elaboration of the Austrian Action Plan on Women’s Health (AAPWH). On the example of the target group of older women, it is shown whether and to what extent the inclusion of the spatial planning perspective in the discussion of impact goals and measures is reflected in the respective inter-ministerial policy paper. The retrospective analysis on the basis of a document analysis of the AAPWH and qualitative interviews with public health experts who were also invited to join, or rather were part of, the expert group, brings to light the following key reasons for the high degree of spatial-related abstraction of the content of this strategic health policy paper: the requirement for general formulations, the lack of public and political awareness for the different living situations in different spatial archetypes, and the lack of external perception of spatial planning as a key discipline with regard to the creation of equivalent living conditions. Nonetheless, this research has promoted the external perception of spatial planning as a relevant discipline in public health issues in Austria. Furthermore, first thematic starting points for an in-depth interdisciplinary dialogue were identified.
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Liu, Kuang-Tai, Ryi-Kui Yu, and Hsin-Yun Ma. "Discriminant analysis predicted undisciplined policemen." Science Progress 104, no. 4 (October 2021): 003685042110556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211055638.
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In the wider spectrum of Taiwanese public service spheres, the herculean services and dedication of its committed Police personnel have long been recognized, respected, and admired. However, regrettably, question marks concerning their conduct, discipline, and abuse of power have surfaced on intermittent occasions. A classic example that lingers in the public memory is the bribing of Taiwanese video game companies to some unscrupulous elements of the police department, in the closing decades of the 20th century that triggered public outrage and called for scrutiny concerning serious lapses in the discipline and conduct of Police personnel. This research paper endeavors to understand, analyze and address some of those issues based on empirical data on the police personnel of certain specific work zones/areas taking into account holistically both the sentenced police officers vis-à-vis the law-abiding police officers. This module looks into and sieves through available data for seven critical variables, including their degree of variation through the Identification and Analysis Method to develop a Predictive Model on Police Ethics and the important factors that affect Police Ethics. Concretely based on the integrated research, it is proposed that this Predictive Model has good applicability as well as accurate predictive ability in addressing the core issues that affect Police Ethics. It is hoped that through this Early Warning Predictive Model—all the stakeholders that are Policy and Decision-makers, Regulatory Police Agencies but more importantly the Police personnel themselves would effectively address the criticality of the issues that affect the Police Ethics so as to undertake competent and effective measures to erase/lessen the menace and provide an early rehabilitative care/assistance to build a strong, constructive and visionary Taiwanese Police Force to meet the challenges of 21st century and beyond.
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Kitschelt, Herbert. "Four theories of public policy making and fast breeder reactor development." International Organization 40, no. 1 (1986): 65–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300004483.
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The recent revival of the discipline of political economy challenges purely economic explanations of economic growth, technological innovation, and sectoral change. This approach recognizes that political actors, institutions, and strategies to organize the economic process together shape the economic development of industrial societies. Whereas economists have emphasized determinants of growth such as savings and investment rates, degrees of domestic and international competition in an industry, or the supply of labor, the new political economists view the political definition of property rights, the nature of state intervention in the economy, the resources of politically mobilized groups, and political actors' belief systems as critical determinants of economic transformations. Both economists and political economists, however, share the assumption that actors are rational; they pursue their interests in a calculated manner within a given system of institutional constraints.
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Veselý, Arnošt, and Anna Zelinková. "Public Policy Programmes and Policy Analysis Instruction in the Czech Republic." Central European Journal of Public Policy 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cejpp-2016-0003.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide the first systematic review of instruction in public policy programmes (PPP) in the Czech Republic and examine the role and nature of policy analysis therein. First, the Czech higher education system is briefly described. Second, an overview of PPP in the Czech Republic is provided. This analysis is based upon a publicly available list of degree programmes accredited by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, an internet search, e-mail correspondence with public policy and policy analysis instructors, and syllabuses. It is shown that while a diverse set approaches is used, the classical “positivist” perspective is clearly dominant. Third, using survey data (N = 192) we analyse the views of Public and Social Policy graduates on the importance of competences in practice and the quality of actually learnt competences. Last, preliminary conclusions on public policy/policy analysis instruction in the Czech Republic are discussed. It is shown that public policy instruction is rather fragmented and is institutionalized under different disciplines. The respondents were most satisfied with gaining skills in the areas of policy analysis, ability to orient oneself and acquire new knowledge, and strategic and analytical thinking. In contrast, they were least satisfied with acquiring organizational skills, practical professional experience and skills, and computer literacy.
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Hauter, Wenonah. "The Role of Anthropology in Grassroots Organizing: A Campaign in Nebraska." Practicing Anthropology 19, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.19.2.3478gx8051g22873.
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The anthropological perspective, defined in the broadest sense, provides both a theoretical basis for understanding human society and affords insights into the human condition. These are useful to any number of professions. As a public interest advocate with almost two decades of experience organizing around social justice and environmental issues, I am interested in the discipline not as a researcher, applied or otherwise, but as a tool for understanding and promoting progressive social change through grassroots organizing. My pursuit of a master's degree in applied anthropology, rather than the more conventional degree in public policy chosen by many advocates, was spurred by a desire to understand better how human culture is organized and reproduced. I wanted to glean a deeper understanding of the cultural preconditions for progressive movements that ultimately cause social change. To this end, over the past two years, I have integrated my professional work experiences with the anthropological perspective garnered from my graduate studies. The best example of this convergence is a statewide legislative campaign that I spearheaded in Nebraska. By wearing my "anthropological lenses" I have been able to view organizing from a new vantage point and to design more effectively a majority strategy for mobilizing citizens around environmental issues. The Nebraska campaign that I will discuss in this article is a compelling example of why anthropology should be viewed as a discipline that can provide an intellectual bedrock for other professions. By redefining and expanding the role for anthropology outside academia, the discipline is strengthened and its relevancy assured. This essay is a reflection on how anthropology has enriched and changed my work as an organizer and is a testimonial to its relevancy in our modern world.
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Imwinkelried, Edward J. "Expert Testimony by Ethicists: What Should be the Norm?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 2 (2005): 198–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00487.x.
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The term, “bioethics” was coined in 1970 by American cancerologist V. R. Potter. In the few decades since, the field of bioethics has emerged as an important discipline. The field has attained a remarkable degree of public recognition in a relatively short period of time. The “right to die” cases such as In re Quinlan placed bioethical issues on the front pages. Although the discipline is of recent vintage, the past quarter century has witnessed a flurry of scholarly activity, creating a substantial body of bioethical literature. Moreover, the bioethics movement has manifested itself in institutional expressions. Universities and medical schools have added courses in bioethics to their curricula. In 1974, federal legislation and regulations mandated that federal grantees conducting human subjects research establish institutional review boards to safeguard subjects’ welfare, and even absent a legislative mandate numerous hospitals created ethics committees. Centers and institutes, devoted exclusively to the study of bioethical issues, have been founded.
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Wagner, PhD, BCE, ME, Vaughn E., and Elichia A. Venso, PhD. "Chemical and bioterrorism: An integrated emergency management approach at the undergraduate level." Journal of Emergency Management 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2004.0045.
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The accredited Environmental Health Science BS degree program at Salisbury University, a member institution of the University System of Maryland, has developed an integrated chemical and bioterrorism course for undergraduate students and emergency management professionals. The one-credit class meets once a week. Course design is adapted from the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) integrated approach to chemical and bioterrorist defensive training strategies. Course objectives are to gain knowledge of specific chemical and biological agents; become familiar with peacetime equivalents and surrogate agents; understand biomedical and environmental factors related to agent exposures; become familiar with integrated response strategies; and gain understanding of government policy issues, agency coordination, and field operations.Student input is based on specific discipline group response and participation in a simulated bioagent release. Discipline groups include public and emergency health, media, critical incident stress analysis, and conflict resolution. Student evaluations of the first course offered in the fall semester of 2002 indicated that the simulated release exercise gave each student an increased awareness of multiagency response necessary to mitigate bioterrorist-initiated events. Evaluation results also suggested the following modifications: include at least one community professional in each discipline group, extend the course to two credits, and schedule the class in late afternoon to accommodate working professionals.
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Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Xiaojie Li, Meredith Gartin, Rebecca A. Malouin, and Caryl E. Waggett. "Master of Science (MS) and Master of Arts (MA) Degrees in Global Health: Applying Interdisciplinary Research Skills to the Study of Globalization-Related Health Disparities." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379919895032.
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Graduate global health education has grown in popularity over the past decade. The Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health has defined global public health competencies for Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees, but there are no similarly established lists of learning outcomes for other types of master’s degrees in global health. The objective of this study was to examine the program goals, curricula, and applied learning requirements for non-MPH master’s degrees in order to understand how global health is being defined and operationalized by these programs. We identified the 14 universities in the United States and Canada offering Master of Science (MS) or Master of Arts (MA) degrees in global health in 2019. Their program descriptions typically emphasize applied research skills, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches, health disparities, and globalization. Both MS and MA degree pathways use a similar research-oriented core curriculum in which (1) foundational courses introduce the social and environmental determinants of health and global burden of disease trends in the context of globalization, global health ethics, and health systems and policy; (2) a research core develops competencies in biostatistics, epidemiology, and quantitative and qualitative research methods; and (3) a thesis or other written capstone project synthesizes and applies knowledge. Only 4 of the 14 programs require an international field experience, but most encourage applied experiential learning activities. Global health appears to be maturing as an academic discipline, with non-MPH graduate degrees in global health emphasizing similar knowledge areas, research skills, and competencies.
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Yu, Xiaoyan, Shiyong Wu, Wei Chen, and Mingxi Huang. "Sentiment Analysis of Public Opinions on the Higher Education Expansion Policy in China." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040778.
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Drawing on sentiment analysis, this study explores public opinions on the higher education expansion policy that was specifically implemented by China’s government to navigate graduate employment difficulties against the impact of COVID-19. The results indicated that the overall degree of acceptance of the expansion plan was highly positive, but some people expressed negative opinions and concerns about over-education and deferral of employment pressure. The results also suggested that the government is expected to deal with the balance between higher education expansion and graduate employment difficulties by prioritizing domestic graduate employment rather than opening up permanent resident applications for foreigners, allocating a regionally balanced expansion quota, covering social science disciplines, and creating more employment opportunities. The findings provide important suggestions for policymakers to improve policy practice and offer a referable sample for other countries in their management of graduate employment issues influenced by COVID-19.
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Tanko, A. V. "Administrative and Legal Status of the National Police of Ukraine as a Subject of State Policy Implementation in Human Rights and Freedoms." Law and Safety 76, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2020.1.04.
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The article is focused on studying the phenomenon of the administrative and legal status of the National Police as a subject of Ukrainian state policy implementation in human rights and freedoms. The author outlines the essence and content of the administrative and legal status of the National Police of Ukraine through the leading categories of "law" and "freedom", which are important for the democratic processes developing in Ukrainian society.
The administrative and legal status of the National Police of Ukraine is considered as a set of characteristics and powers entrusted in the state legislation, a set of the following components: target – determined by the mission of the police to promote the state policy implementation in the fight against crime and peacekeeping, enforcement of rights, public and state interests; organizational – characterizes the structure of the National Police, consisting of a central police control facility, which consists of organizationally integrated structural units that ensure the implementation of the police tasks in human rights protection; competent – related to the definition of tasks, functions, rights, and duties, as well as the degree of responsibility of the law enforcement and its units and employees, determining the focus of their activities on the protection of the individual and the guarantee of the legitimacy of counteracting the state on the part of the person to protect their rights and freedoms.
In practice, the implementation of the new administrative and legal status enables law enforcement to approve the law, enhance the communication and legal culture of police officers, overcome the traditional politicization and militarization of law enforcement by updating the organizing strategies of human rights activities, strengthen the state and professional discipline, make the police activities transparent, improve the control system and responsibility of police structures and professionals for malpractice.
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Firth, Lucy A., David J. Mellor, and Peter S. Francis. "The negative impact on nurses of lack of alignment of information systems with public hospital strategic goals." Australian Health Review 32, no. 4 (2008): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080733.
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the degree to which hospital information systems are aligned with hospital strategies and how they impact on nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine hospital staff from a range of disciplines in a large public hospital in Australia. The interviews revealed that the focus of hospital information systems on administration has meant that applications to support the patient?s clinical journey have been deemed unaffordable. A consequence is that the historic use of the nurses? station as a source of verbal information about patients has continued, with negative impacts on nurses? perceived role and status, and the possible exacerbation of the clash between administrative and clinical cultures. We conclude that hospitals need clear strategies, with alignment of information systems. To do otherwise can undermine culture and morale, while disrupting workflows and patients? clinical journeys.
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Supriyanto, Eko Eddya, and Jumadil Saputra. "Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Policy Making: A Mini-Review Approach." International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56225/ijassh.v1i2.40.
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The digitization era in public affairs is increasingly disrupting Indonesia. Governance in Indonesia is forced to implement aspects of digitalization in its public services. Big data and artificial intelligence have been used in other scientific activities that provide colour to governance with various scientific disciplines. This study discusses the use of big data and artificial intelligence in policymaking in Indonesia by focusing on the ability of policymakers in policymaking. The method used in this paper is qualitative research with a literature study approach. We reviewed articles with related themes as many as 25 articles published in the last five years from ScienceDirect. The result of this research is that the dynamics that exist in the implementation of public services require appropriate and fast decision-making, considering that this is a community demand. Therefore, public leaders need to disrupt themselves in public services so that these services can be served quickly by enriching skills in big data and artificial intelligence. In conclusion, the critical aspect of the public policy decision-making process is similar to that of any other stage in the policymaking process. Like the preceding steps in the public policy process, the decision-making stage differs depending on the nature of the policy subsystems involved and the degree of consensus faced by decision-makers. The presence of big data in the public sector cannot be disputed as an intriguing approach, particularly during the policy formation cycle. Also, big data and artificial intelligence can help public leaders make decisions to deliver the best policies.
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Gilbert, Theo, Martina Doolan, NTF, Sylvia Beka, Neil Spencer, Matteo Crotta, and Soheil Davari. "Compassion on university degree programmes at a UK university." Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning 11, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrit-09-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the neuroscience that underpins the psychology of compassion as a competency. The authors explain why this cognitive competency is now taught and assessed on modules of different degree subjects in a UK university. Design/methodology/approach The paper is divided into first, an exploration of recent psychology and neuroscience literature that illuminates the differences, and relationship, between empathy and compassion for safeness building in teams. Within that, the role of oxytocin in achieving social and intellectual rewards though the exercise of cognitive flexibility, working memory and impulsive inhibitory control (Zelazo et al., 2016) is also identified. The literature findings are compared against relevant qualitative data from the above university, so far, nine years of mixed methods action research on compassion-focussed pedagogy (CfP). Findings These are that the concept and practice of embedding compassion as an assessed cognitive competency in university group work is illuminated and rationalised by research findings in neuroscience. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the study are that, so far, fMRI research methods have not been used to investigate student subjects involved in the CfP now in use. Practical implications The paper has implications for theory, policy and practice in relation to managing the increasing amount of group work that accompanies widening participation in higher education (HE). Social implications The social implications of what is outlined in the paper pertain to student mental health, and academic achievement; to policy and practice for HE curriculum design across subjects and disciplines; and for the HE remit to serve the public good. Originality/value A review of this kind specifically for student assessed group and its implications for student academic achievement and mental health has not, apparently, been published.
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Marcos, Esperanza, Valeria De Castro, María-Luz Martín-Peña, and Juan Manuel Vara. "Training New Professionals in Service Engineering: Towards a Transdisciplinary Curriculum for Sustainable Businesses." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 8289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198289.
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The service sector provides employment for more than 70% of the active population in developed countries, in areas as varied as tourism, commerce, logistics, finances, services, and personnel, amongst others. Despite the fact that society increasingly needs more professionals who are oriented towards this sector, there are hardly any specific plans that will provide them with appropriate training. The appearance of service science, management, and engineering (SSME) has led to a significant advance as regards understanding the skills required by a service professional. It is a transdisciplinary field that integrates aspects of business management, along with information and communication technologies and engineering, and social sciences, in addition to providing the foundations for the growth of sustainable business. This paper presents a curriculum for the training of professionals in service engineering, which has been designed and taught at a Spanish public university. This curriculum, which the university created in collaboration with SSME experts and service sector companies, stands out for two reasons: the transdisciplinary approach employed, which is one of the features of this emerging and integrative knowledge discipline, and the fact that it is providing a response to the need for higher education curricula for sustainable business development. The paper describes the method followed to create the curriculum for the Bachelor’s Degree in Service Engineering, a comparative study with other related degrees, and the results of the deployment of the degree in terms of employability.
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Roberts, Geoffrey K. "Selection, Voting and Adjudication: The Politics of Legislative Membership in the Federal Republic of Germany." Government and Opposition 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00096.
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There Has Been Much Concern In The Past Few Years About the ‘decline of parliament’ in West European democracies. In the United Kingdom, criticism of the New Labour government has included its apparent neglect of Parliament demonstrated by the style and strategies of the government, ranging from reduction in the time allotted to prime minister's question-time and the utilization of the mass media rather than Parliament as the forum for important policy statements, to the government's refusal to accept reforms to the method of appointments to House of Commons select committees, as recommended by the House of Commons Liaison Committee. Strong party discipline, coupled with sanctions which can affect the political careers of MPs for failure to obey the edicts of the party leadership, have limited the autonomy of MPs in Britain, and, to a varying degree, in other West European countries also. Certainly the German Bundestag has been criticized for being too much under the control of the leaderships of the political parties, in terms of voting on legislation, the stage-management of debates and the choice of leaders of the parliamentary parties (the removal by Chancellor Schröder of Scharping as leader of the SPD parliamentary party in 1998 at the instigation of Lafontaine, the then party chairman, is a notorious instance).
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Stute, Michelle, Andrea Hurwood, Julie Hulcombe, and Pim Kuipers. "Defining the role and scope of practice of allied health assistants within Queensland public health services." Australian Health Review 37, no. 5 (2013): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13042.
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Background The uptake and utilisation of allied health assistants as professional support staff has been variable across disciplines and jurisdictions. Although they are potentially very important in the current health workforce context, there is little agreement on their roles or the most suitable methods to define these roles. Method Based on a review of literature, existing role descriptions and focus groups, a Delphi survey process was undertaken. This process comprising three rounds of discussion and clarification via email, with between 107 and 188 participants, was undertaken to define and establish consensus on allied health assistant roles at three levels. Results Three cycles of editing, qualitative feedback and rating of agreement with statements resulted in substantial clarification of roles and a meaningful degree of consensus regarding the role and scope of such positions. High levels of agreement were not reached for more high-level or contested clinical tasks. Conclusions The Delphi process resulted in key tasks and roles being defined and contentious aspects clearly identified. The process facilitated engagement with workforce members most closely affected by these questions. It was a useful means of drawing together the opinions of the workforce and informing implementation trials to follow. What is known about the topic? Allied health assistants are important members of health teams. Current developments in health services necessitate considerable growth in these positions. The role and scope of practice of allied health assistants is poorly defined and varies between disciplines, settings and facilities, which threatens the establishment of these positions. What does this paper add? This study describes a methodology used to define the role and scope of practice of allied health support staff, which resulted in high levels of consensus and documentation of concerns regarding these positions. Tasks and roles have been defined at different allied health assistant position levels. What are the implications for practitioners? The definition of roles and establishment of scope of practice of emerging positions can be substantially advanced by well researched and widely consultative methods. For more advanced allied health assistant positions to be effectively implemented, tasks relating to treatment, leadership, documentation, assessment and team participation must be clearly elucidated and agreed.
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6, PERRI. "Giving Consumers of British Public Services More Choice: What can be Learned from Recent History?" Journal of Social Policy 32, no. 2 (April 2003): 239–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279402006980.
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British Prime Minister Tony Blair announced in the autumn of 2001 that he wanted to extend individual consumer choice in the public services (Blair, 2001). What do we know from recent experience about the conditions under which such policies can be sustained? In this article, the experience of individual consumer choice over the last ten, and in some cases, fifteen years, is compared across nine fields of British public services. The article identifies the policy goals for introducing choice, considers how far they were typically achieved, and identifies problems and unintended side-effects, including distributional problems, inefficiencies and one type of political risk. This provisional evaluation is based on a widely ranging review of literature spanning several disciplines. The principal products of the argument are two detailed tables, setting out, respectively, the degree to which the goals seem to have been achieved for each choice programme, as far as the available literature can tell us, and how far distributional, efficiency and political risk problems have dogged consumer choice in each field. In the discussion section, trends and variations are summarised. Finally, some lessons are drawn from the comparisons, for policy makers who may be considering the further extension of consumer choice in public services.
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Wnorowski, Henryk. "The Problem of Choosing Development Paths." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 59, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2019-0039.
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Abstract We start from the assumption that the main problem, and at the same time the goal, is socio-economic development. We also assume that this pursuit is universal, development is the ambition of entities at all levels of aggregation, development is a desire of each country, as well as of business entities and individuals. From the other side, the governments create conditions for entities at the microeconomic level which generate additional value, that is, contribute to the creation of this development. Peculiar to them they are developmental paths. That’s why, the main hypothesis of this article, as stating that the choice of economic policy financed by excessive public debt does not, in the long run, serve well real socio-economic development. At the beginning of the 21st century, the vast majority of these countries had serious problems with public debt. These problems already had their history and were so serious that some efforts to discipline the forum of this group appeared. It is, in a sense, natural in the sense that integration itself is heading to a high degree of coordination and to the unification of all economic policies. The picture of public finances of the European Union does not look good despite the fact that this group can boast a long history of making efforts to control and monitor the budgets of its member states. Moreover, one can even talk about a certain intensification of this process, especially with respect to the euro area countries, but we still can not say that satisfactory results have been achieved.
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Tawil Kuri, Marta. "El estudio de Medio Oriente en la disciplina de relaciones internacionales en México." Foro Internacional 56, no. 225 (June 15, 2016): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/fi.v56i225.2330.
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The present work is mostly based on BA, Masters degree and PhD theses on Middle Eastern issues and countries that have been written by students of international relations since 1980 in four Mexican universities. Predominant topics as well as methodological and theoretical tools are identified, which are then linked to the question of knowing how the growing interest in the Middle East among Mexican internationalists, and their efforts in this field, are effectively reflected in both the publication of articles and books in Mexico, and in the policy relevance and public engagement of scholars. What has been detected so far gives an encouraging and at the same time disconcerting picture, related to research and documentation networks, financial resources, and the priorities set out by Mexico’s national neoliberalist identity and structural positionality.
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Tawil Kuri, Marta. "El estudio de Medio Oriente en la disciplina de relaciones internacionales en México." Foro Internacional 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/fi.v56i3.2330.
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The present work is mostly based on BA, Masters degree and PhD theses on Middle Eastern issues and countries that have been written by students of international relations since 1980 in four Mexican universities. Predominant topics as well as methodological and theoretical tools are identified, which are then linked to the question of knowing how the growing interest in the Middle East among Mexican internationalists, and their efforts in this field, are effectively reflected in both the publication of articles and books in Mexico, and in the policy relevance and public engagement of scholars. What has been detected so far gives an encouraging and at the same time disconcerting picture, related to research and documentation networks, financial resources, and the priorities set out by Mexico’s national neoliberalist identity and structural positionality.
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Denburg, Avram E., Mita Giacomini, Wendy J. Ungar, and Julia Abelson. "The Moral Foundations of Child Health and Social Policies: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis." Children 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010043.
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Background: Allusions to the uniqueness and value of childhood abound in academic, lay, and policy discourse. However, little clarity exists on the values that guide child health and social policy-making. We review extant academic literature on the normative dimensions of child health and social policy to provide foundations for the development of child-focused public policies. Methods: We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis of academic literature on the normative dimensions of child health and social policy-making. We employed a social constructivist lens to interpret emergent themes. Political theory on the social construction of target populations served as a bridge between sociologies of childhood and public policy analysis. Results: Our database searches returned 14,658 unique articles; full text review yielded 72 relevant articles. Purposive sampling of relevant literature complemented our electronic searches, adding 51 original articles, for a total of 123 articles. Our analysis of the literature reveals three central themes: potential, rights, and risk. These themes retain relevance in diverse policy domains. A core set of foundational concepts also cuts across disciplines: well-being, participation, and best interests of the child inform debate on the moral and legal dimensions of a gamut of child social policies. Finally, a meta-theme of embedding encompasses the pervasive issue of a child’s place, in the family and in society, which is at the heart of much social theory and applied analysis on children and childhood. Conclusions: Foundational understanding of the moral language and dominant policy frames applied to children can enrich analyses of social policies for children. Most societies paint children as potent, vulnerable, entitled, and embedded. It is the admixture of these elements in particular policy spheres, across distinct places and times, that often determines the form of a given policy and societal reactions to it. Subsequent work in this area will need to detail the degree and impact of variance in the values mix attached to children across sociocultural contexts and investigate tensions between what are and what ought to be the values that guide social policy development for children.
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Gonzales, Kátia Guerchi, Katia Alexandra de Godoi Silva, and Oswaldo da Silva Lopes Júnior. "Reflexões Sobre a Apropriação das Tecnologias Digitais no Ensino de Matemática: uma Proposta a Partir de uma Revisão Teórica." Journal Internacional de Estudos em Educação Matemática 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2021v14n3p302-311.
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ResumoEste trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma revisão teórica do conceito de apropriação tecnológica por professores a partir das ideias de Borges (2009) e Borges e Valente (2018) e discutir a possibilidade do trabalho com esse referencial teórico no contexto da Educação Matemática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, conforme Severino (2017) que a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, de acordo com Galvão (2011), apresenta discussões analíticas que se baseiam nas fases que as tecnologias educacionais foram inseridas na sala de aula de matemática e, nos programas e projetos no Brasil com a finalidade de incorporar essas as tecnologias no contexto escolar. Os resultados reforçam a potencialidade do conceito de apropriação em pesquisas que visam discutir a formação de professores de Matemática. Por isso, apresentamos uma proposta que permite a partir das experiências e relatos de professores de Matemática tecer a compreensão sobre as concepções em relação a inserção, integração e apropriação da tecnologia no trabalho docente dentro da disciplina de Matemática. Palavras-chave: Tecnologia Educacional. Educação Matemática. Licenciatura em Matemática. Políticas Públicas. Abstract: This paper aims to present a theoretical review of the concept of technological appropriation by teachers from the ideas of Borges and Valente (2018) and discuss the possibility of working with this theoretical framework in the context of Mathematics Education. It is a qualitative research, according to Severino (2017) which, based on a bibliographic survey, according to Galvão (2011), presents analytical discussions that are based on the phases that educational technology were inserted in the mathematics classroom and, in programs and projects in Brazil with the purpose of incorporating technologies in the school context. The results reinforce the potential of the concept of appropriation in research that aims to discuss the formation of mathematics teachers. For this reason, we present a proposal that allows, based on the experiences and reports of Mathematics teachers, to weave an understanding of the conceptions in relation to the insertion, integration and appropriation of technology in teaching work within the discipline of Mathematics. Keywords: Educational Technology. Mathematics Education. Degree in Mathematics. Public Policy.
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Forell, Leandro, and Fabiana Gazzotti Mayboroda. "Pelas bordas: reflexões situadas nas fronteiras da produção do conhecimento em PPEL em um período de pós-megaeventos esportivos no Brasil." Caderno de Educação Física e Esporte 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36453/2318-5104.2017.v15.n1.p29.
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A ideia central deste texto é refletir sobre a construção das fronteiras do que é reconhecido pela comunidade acadêmica da Educação Física como incluso nas identidades: Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer (PPEL). Compreendendo que sempre há um grau de normatividade em definir o que está dentro e fora de uma determinada identidade, faz uma descrição sobre algumas classificações do campo, propondo uma análise da produção a partir dos objetos de pesquisa. Trata de questões relacionadas a análise de políticas públicas para além da análise do Estado, incluindo a relação deste com a sociedade como objeto importante para o campo. Advoga a favor de uma compreensão hibrida, onde diversas disciplinas o constituem e que possui um caráter interdisciplinar.ABSTRACT. By edges: reflections situated on the frontiers of knowledge production in the field PPEL in a period of post-sporting mega events in Brazil. The central idea of this text is to reflect on the construction of the field of Sports and Leisure Public Policy (PPEL). Throughout the text, he seeks to compare the construction of the field with others, such as anthropology. Understanding that there is always a degree of normativity in defining what is inside and outside a given identity, makes a description about some classifications of the field, proposing an analysis of the production from the research objects. It deals with issues related to the analysis of public policies beyond the analysis of the State, including the relationship of this with society as an important object for the field. Advocating in favor of a hybrid understanding, where several disciplines constitute it and that has an interdisciplinary character.
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Yamori, Katsuya, and James D. Goltz. "Disasters without Borders: The Coronavirus Pandemic, Global Climate Change and the Ascendancy of Gradual Onset Disasters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063299.
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Throughout much of its history, the sociological study of human communities in disaster has been based on events that occur rapidly, are limited in geographic scope, and their management understood as phased stages of response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness. More recent literature has questioned these concepts, arguing that gradual-onset phenomena like droughts, famines and epidemics merit consideration as disasters and that their exclusion has negative consequences for the communities impacted, public policy in terms of urgency and visibility and for the discipline itself as the analytical tools of sociological research are not brought to bear on these events. We agree that gradual-onset disasters merit greater attention from social scientists and in this paper have addressed the two most significant ongoing disasters that are gradual in onset, global in scope and have caused profound impacts on lives, livelihoods, communities and the governments that must cope with their effects. These disasters are the coronavirus pandemic and global climate change both of which include dimensions that challenge the prevailing definition of disaster. We begin with an examination of the foundational work in the sociological study of a disaster that established a conceptual framework based solely on rapidly occurring disasters. Our focus is on several components of the existing framework for defining and studying disasters, which we term “borders.” These borders are temporal, spatial, phasing and positioning, which, in our view, must be reexamined, and to some degree expanded or redefined to accommodate the full range of disasters to which our globalized world is vulnerable. To do so will expand or redefine these borders to incorporate and promote an understanding of significant risks associated with disaster agents that are gradual and potentially catastrophic, global in scope and require international cooperation to manage.
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Jebungei, Kutto Naomi, and Kennedy Ole Kerei. "Sustainable Quality Education and Training in Higher Education: Analyzing Antecedents of Sustainable Quality Education in Module II Degree Programme in Kenya." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 6, no. 3 (March 22, 2022): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i03.006.
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Outcome target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 4 focuses on reducing barriers to skills development, Technical and Vocational Education, and Training starting from secondary level, tertiary, and university education. It also focuses on providing lifelong learning opportunities for youth and adults. Universities in Kenya have been at the forefront of improving access to higher education for all. One programme through which Universities have actualized their desire for accessible education is Module II, popularly known as the parallel programme. Through this programme many individuals who achieved the minimum requirement for university admission have had an opportunity to access higher education even though they had hitherto not been considered. However, the quality of education offered under this module has remained a matter of concern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze probable antecedents of sustainable quality education in the Module II programme. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design anchored in the positivist research paradigm. The study targeted lecturers drawn from public universities and campuses located in Uasin Gishu County. Questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample of 258 lecturers handling diverse disciplines and who were randomly selected. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze data. The study revealed that admissions policy, quality culture, curriculum development, and teaching evaluation were significant antecedents to sustainable quality education in Module II. The originality in the study is that Module II can and does support the realization of SDG4 outcome target 3 concerning access to university education. Educational stakeholders should rethink implementing this module alongside these critical antecedents to empower individuals.
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Kobylińska-Bunsch, Weronika. "The Post-War History of Pictorialism as Exemplifi ed by Exhibitions at the Zachęta and the Kordegarda (1953–1970)." Ikonotheka 26 (June 26, 2017): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1678.
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Existing academic works examining Polish artistic photography in the 1950s and 1960s are most often based on an analysis of the debates taking place within professional circles and the views of specifi c artists as expressed in the specialist periodicals that were published at that time. Such diagnoses are frequently based on a single and very particular source, namely the monthly magazine Fotografi a. The pages of this periodical project an image of an artistic society enjoying a relatively high degree of autonomy. The present study represents a different research approach, inspired e.g. by the works of Bruce Altshuler and Kenneth Luckhurst, who postulated the re-orientation of art history away from biographical works focused on the individual subject towards a discipline understood as the history of exhibitions. Following the course set by these scholars, one may come to the conclusion that an analysis of the place which photography held in the offi cial exhibition strategy implemented in the 1950s and 1960s in the prestigious Warsaw galleries of the Kordegarda and the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions (CBWA) may provide an interesting and new contribution to the current state of research. A study based on an examination of the history of exhibitions may help to answer the question whether all forms of photography were equally approved by the authorities at a time when the rules of the cultural policy of the People’s Republic of Poland became more lenient. It also makes it possible to evaluate the degree to which autonomy and heterogeneity (features which may be associated with the magazine Fotografi a) were legitimised through presentation in a state-owned, politicised public space. Conducted from the perspective of exhibition history, the analysis presented herein makes an important shift in the signifi cance of Pictorialism – from a topic on the margins of academic interest to a harbinger of modernity, and thus a central subject in the discourse on Polish photography in the post-war period. Rather surprisingly, it appears to be the slogan that legitimised the more innovative and modern forms of photographic art in the offi cial contexts of the day.
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Bakutin, Yevhen. "CERTAIN ASPECTS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL." Administrative law and process, no. 2(37) (2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2022.2.03.
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The article is devoted to traffic control with the use of vehicles. Control over road users is a very effective area of activity of the Patrol Police Department, which allows to quickly influence the traffic process and the behavior of its participants. That is, the patrol police directly monitors traffic in Ukraine. The effectiveness of control largely depends on the forms and methods of its implementation. According to most experts, the reduction in accidents is due to a number of national measures, among which an important place is to improve the rules establishing liability for violations of traffic rules. The purpose of the study – the article considers the issue of car – phantom patrol in a more “understandable” aspect, namely: the implementation of specialized police cars without special external control over compliance with road users in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic”. Methodology. The research is based on the dialectical-materialist method of scientific knowledge of social and legal phenomena, as well as general and special methods of legal science, namely: system-structural, comparative-legal, logical-legal (dogmatic), statistical. The scientific novelty of the study is to prove a particularly acute issue in the fight against traffic safety in the field of specialized vehicles – “phantoms”. Legislation on road safety has played a positive role in the last five years. The state of accidents in the state has stabilized, the level of discipline of road users has relatively increased. However, the problem of traffic safety remains unresolved. Experience with the implementation of traffic policy shows that the implementation of preventive measures is successful when the methods of persuasion are supported by legal norms that establish responsibility, an adequate degree of public danger of traffic violations. Conclusions. Regarding the introduction of fixation of traffic violations by specialized cars – “phantoms”, it should be noted that this should be preceded by extensive outreach among citizens and especially among drivers. Therefore, it is desirable to organize explanatory work of patrol police chiefs in the media. As a result, all this will lead to an atmosphere of understanding among drivers about the need and legitimacy of the use of this form of control in the work of the patrol police of Ukraine. The main purpose of the introduction of specialized vehicles – “phantoms” – is to identify and eliminate from the process of traffic drivers who have committed serious violations that directly affect the occurrence of road accidents. Therefore, timely control is the key to road safety and saved lives.
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Paul, Lindsay. "The Association of Health Professionals." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 3 (1996): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96041.
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Community health is by definition multidisciplinary, and the assumption that there is mutual respect and co-operation within these disciplines is integral to its philosophy. Many members of a community health 'team' are, however, also professionals, and as such expect to enjoy the traditional prestige and autonomy which is associated with professionalism. Nevertheless, this might be problematic, as there are ideological differences between professionalism and community health values, which is exacerbated by the number of different professions involved. The issue is further complicated by the use of modern management techniques in the public sector by contemporary governments, where the philosophies which inform these techniques can be inherently incompatible with professionalism and community health values. A degree of compromise by professionals and management must be reached if they are to coexist and function effectively in community health. The sociology of the professions and the ideologies of professionalism, community health and the organisational structures encountered in community health are reviewed here. It is suggested that greater awareness of these ideologies and their practical implications may result in more flexibility in the association of occupations which constitute community health.
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Bianchi, Thomas S., Madhur Anand, Chris T. Bauch, Donald E. Canfield, Luc De Meester, Katja Fennel, Peter M. Groffman, Michael L. Pace, Mak Saito, and Myrna J. Simpson. "Ideas and perspectives: Biogeochemistry – some key foci for the future." Biogeosciences 18, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 3005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021.
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Abstract. Biogeochemistry has an important role to play in many environmental issues of current concern related to global change and air, water, and soil quality. However, reliable predictions and tangible implementation of solutions, offered by biogeochemistry, will need further integration of disciplines. Here, we refocus on how further developing and strengthening ties between biology, geology, chemistry, and social sciences will advance biogeochemistry through (1) better incorporation of mechanisms, including contemporary evolutionary adaptation, to predict changing biogeochemical cycles, and (2) implementing new and developing insights from social sciences to better understand how sustainable and equitable responses by society are achieved. The challenges for biogeochemists in the 21st century are formidable and will require both the capacity to respond fast to pressing issues (e.g., catastrophic weather events and pandemics) and intense collaboration with government officials, the public, and internationally funded programs. Keys to success will be the degree to which biogeochemistry can make biogeochemical knowledge more available to policy makers and educators about predicting future changes in the biosphere, on timescales from seasons to centuries, in response to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. Biogeochemistry also has a place in facilitating sustainable and equitable responses by society.
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Vasil'ev, V. "New Aspects of Discourse about the Berlin’s Realpolitik." World Economy and International Relations 59, no. 12 (2015): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-30-40.
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The article investigates approaches taken by major political parties and civil society in the FRG toward the Transatlantic partnership. It reveals the tendencies of the prospective promotion of Berlin’s cooperation with Washington; the article also gives a forecast of further interaction between the EU and the USA, indicates the direction of discourse regarding the future Russia–Germany relations model in the context of the Ukrainian crisis and in reference to the increased transatlantic solidarity. Disputes in German socio-political circles on the issue of the FRG’s policy toward the U.S. are emerging all the time, but they have to be considered within a concrete historical and political context. Being of primary significance for all German chancellors, the Trans-Atlantic factor has been shaping itself in a controversial way as to the nation’s public opinion. This has been confirmed by many opinion polls, including the survey on the signing of the EU–U.S. Agreement on the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Chancellor A. Merkel is playing an important role: she is either ascribed full compliancy with Washington, or is being tentatively shown as a consistent government figure in advancing and upholding of Germany's and the EU's interests. A. Merkel has implemented her peace-seeking drive in undoing the Ukrainian tangle by setting up the “Normandy format” involving the leaders of Germany, France, Russia and Ukraine while having cleared it through with the U.S. President B. Obama well in advance. Despite the increasing criticism of Washington’s policy among some part of Germans, for the majority of German voters, the USA remains a country of implementable hopes, the only power in the world possessing a high education level and the most advanced technologies. Americans, for their part, are confident of the important role that Berlin plays in world politics, particularly in what concerns the maintenance of unity within the EU. Berlin aims at further constructive interaction with the USA in the frame of NATO as well as within other Trans-Atlantic formats. Notwithstanding the steady tendency toward increasing of the Washington policy’s critical perception degree in German society, officially Berlin continues as Washington’s true ally, partner and friend. There is every reason to believe that after the 2017 Bundestag elections, the new (the former) Chancellor will have to face a modernized Trans-Atlantic partnership philosophy, with a paradigm also devised in the spirit of the bloc discipline and commitments to allies. The main concern for Berlin is not to lose its sovereign right of decision-making, including the one that deals with problems of European security and relations with Moscow. Regrettably, Germany is not putting forward any innovative ideas on aligning a new architecture of European security with Russia’s participation. Meanwhile, German scholars and experts are trying to work out a tentative algorithm of a gradual return to the West’s full-fledged dialogue with Russia, which, unfortunately, is qualified as an opponent by many politicians. Predictably, the Crimea issue will remain a long-lasting political irritant in relations between Russia and Germany. Although not every aspect of Berlin’s activation in its foreign policy finds support of the German public, and the outburst of anti-American feeling is obvious, experts believe that the government of the FRG is “merely taking stock of these phenomena and ignores them”. Evident is the gap between the government's line and the feeling of the German parties’ basis – the public. It is noteworthy that the FRG has not yet adopted the Law on Holding General Federal Referendums on key issues of the domestic and foreign policy. There is every indication to assume that the real causes of abandoning the nationwide referendums are the reluctance of the German ruling bureaucracy and even its apprehensions of the negative voting returns on sensitive problems, – such as basic documents and decisions of the EU, the export of German arms, relations with the U.S., etc. The harmony between Berlin’s "Realpolitik" and German public opinion is not yet discernible within the system of Trans-Atlantic axes.
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Farroni, Jeffrey S., and Emma Tumilty. "4453 Public Health Ethics: Utilizing open education methods to foster interprofessional learning and practices." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.220.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Innovative educational approaches and training modalities are important for training a diverse workforce in the authentic skills needed to advance all phases of clinical and translational research. Endeavors to study and develop policies that promote the translational science spectrum are steeped in value judgments. Learning how to navigate moral ambiguity and ethical reasoning enlightens our understanding of stakeholder obligations, roles and responsibilities. Ethics education can be challenging if learners are insufficiently engaged in the necessary critical reflection. In this course, decision-making in public health is informed through the analysis of the ethical issues, developing alternative courses of action and providing justification for actions taken in response to real-world dilemmas. The course is provided to students with a variety of backgrounds (science, health, policy) in a Master of Public Health degree program. Course objective were to: 1) Identify ethical issues in public health policy, practice, and research using appropriate concepts and terms; 2) Recognize the full spectrum of determinants of health and related information needed to resolve ethical conflicts in public health policy, practice, and research; 3) Present varied and complex information in written and oral formats; 4) Assess potential solutions to ethical conflicts in public health policy, practice, and research and 5) Decide ethical courses of action for public health policy, practice, and research. We adopted an open pedagogy as a guiding praxis to inform public health ethics discourse amongst our learners. In this way, learner agency was maximized to develop course materials within a generalized framework and shared with each other through the perspectives of each individual. The goal was to not only analyze complex ethical dimensions of public health issues but also gain insights into the disciplinary lenses of one’s peers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Each week was divided into two sessions, a seminar and workshop. Course instructors introduce topics in a one-hour session and then allow students to decide what information is needed for a second session where the ethical issues of the topic will be discussed. Information-gathering tasks are then distributed amongst students in areas that are not their specialty, e.g. social history to be researched by learner with a biology background. The second session then involves the reporting back of background information by each student and a discussion of the ethical issues that arise. Through this process, the ability to communicate with others in different disciplines is supported, while exploring other disciplines and then engaging in ethical discussion and reasoning. Topics were introduced during the seminar session each week over the span of five weeks: 1) global public health, 2) disease prevention & control, 3) environmental & occupational public health, 4) resource allocation & priority setting and 5) research ethics. Learners were tasked with identifying the needed information to address the ethical, policy, and research aspects of the public health question(s) presented in these seminars. Students independently submitted resources they discovered to course instructors prior to the workshop. The following session began with a workshop where learners briefly presented their findings and deliberated on specific facets of the public health issue from that previous seminar while discussing a specific case. Students were assessed on their preparation (submission of identified resources), workshop presentation and participation. Research Preparation: In each seminar, the class decided what key information would be required to support the discussion at the workshop, which revolved around a relevant case study on that week’s topic. Course instructors facilitated the groups identification of material to be researched and the delegation of tasks within the group. Each student submitted a summary document (template provided) to course instructors prior to class for their area of research related to the case. Research Presentation: At the beginning of each workshop, each student was asked to present the research work to the rest of the class so that everyone has the same information for the case study discussion. These short (5-10 minutes) presentations followed the format of the preparation summary. Participation/collaboration: Both the seminar and the workshop asked students to be active learners within the class, participating in discussion, strategizing for information-gathering tasks, presenting researched material and arguments to others, and participating in case study discussion. Participation was assessed in relation to the value of the contributions made by students. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The open pedagogy allowed the learners to construct the necessary materials to discuss issues with each other and develop not only a deeper understanding of the ethical dimension of public health issues but a shared understanding of each other’s disciplinary lenses. Course feedback was generally very positive, with learners either agreeing (33%) or strongly agreeing (67%) that the course was effective overall. In asking what learners liked best about the course, some indicated the “open pedagogy learning style” and “I liked the discussion format.” The positive comments mostly highlighted the discussion format. Areas for improvement noted by the learners included wanting “a longer course to cover more topics” and that the material was covered in “too short a time frame.” Other comments included that the course “was a bit disorganized” or that “the discussions were not very structured.” While the discussions by their very nature were unstructured, there is opportunity to refine this pedagogy to find right balance of learner agency. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The goal of this teaching method was to empower the learner with the important critical thinking skills to navigate challenging ethical dilemmas in public health they may encounter in their careers. These skills include the identification of the ethical or moral conflict(s), collecting the necessary information to examine/resolve the dilemma, think creatively about the information that is unavailable and how to discuss/disseminate information to a broad constituency. This an educational model that is easily adaptable for learners working in other areas of the translational research spectrum, e.g. basic, pre-clinical, clinical and implementation sciences.
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Roopnarine, Rohini R., and Ellen Boeren. "A Focus on Methodology: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Conduct a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Need for One Health Education for Medical and Veterinary Students in the Context of COVID-19." Environmental Health Insights 16 (January 2022): 117863022210808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221080826.
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Background: The collaboration of health professionals across the interface of human, animal and environmental health, as embodied by the One Health concept (OH), is increasingly recognised as crucial for tackling diseases such as Ebola and COVID-19. This study was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but in light of the current pandemic, the outcomes of this study highlight the need for educating Medical (MD) and Veterinary (DVM) students on the principles of OH. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for Interprofessional Education (IPE) initiatives that would familiarise MD and DVM students with the principles of OH, crucial to dissolving the siloes that have historically deterred collaboration. Method: We used a sequential explanatory Methods Research (MMR) approach design to evaluate the readiness of 428 students consisting of MD, DVM and dual degree Master of Public Health (MPH) students (MD/MPH, DVM/MPH) for IPE, as well as to obtain faculty perspectives across these disciplines, on the need for curricula inclusion of IPE and OH. Two methods of data collection were employed: A survey and 2 focus groups interviews. Results: The use of an MMR approach allowed us to comprehensively evaluate the need for OH education through the lenses of the students and faculty using a joint display that facilitated data integration and evaluation. Overall, the dual degree students had the greatest readiness for IPE, and MD students the lowest level of readiness for shared learning. The dual degree students had the most accurate understanding of OH competencies that consider the impacts of climate change, food security, antimicrobial resistance, health policy formation and zoonoses occurrence on human health. Themes derived from the focus group interviews revealed that faculty perceived OH education as crucial for preparing MD and DVM students for practice. Conclusion: The comprehensive assessment of the student and faculty perspectives, obtained using an MMR approach, illustrated that the incorporation of OH competencies within the MD and DVM curricula are crucial for preparing students for practice in the global environment. The dual degree pathway provides insight into how OH can be successfully incorporated within the curricula of these programmes.
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Polishchuk, M. A., and A. V. Shishkina. "THE POSSIBILITIES OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AS A MEANS OF FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG STUDENTS." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 6, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2022-6-4-451-460.
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This article presents an attempt to determine a preferred way of forming a healthy lifestyle of university students within the discipline "Physical Culture". According to a number of researchers, the foundations of the principles of healthy lifestyle are laid long before entering the higher education system. But the system itself cannot stay away from the changes taking place in modern Russian society. An important tool through which it is possible to influence the healthy lifestyle of students is the training system within the discipline "Physical Culture" organized at a university. Thanks to this system, it is possible to change the shape and nature of the students' lifestyle to varying degrees. It turns out to be significant that in the modern world, young people, and students in particular, are influenced by two contradictory trends in the formation of their lifestyle. On the one hand, society requires students to think about the future, pay great attention to health and be able to keep it in good condition, and on the other hand, there are changes in the educational process of higher educational institutions, mainly in the direction of reducing the hours of classroom workload for students. The state also focuses on the problem of public health. In this regard, the Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation" dated December 4, 2007 (No. 329-FZ of December 4, 2007) appeared in Russian legislation. Also in the Federal Target Program "Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation for 2016-2020" (No. 464 of 05/25/2016) the need to popularize the standard of healthy lifestyle as one of the most important priorities of Russia's social and economic policy was emphasized. The basis for this article was a part of the study by A.V. Shishkina, a graduate of the Institute of History and Sociology, department of Sociology, UdSU, conducted in 2018-2020 and performed under the scientific supervision of Ph.D., Associate Professor M.A. Polishchuk. The results obtained can be useful to specialists in working with young people, contributing to improving the culture of serving visitors of different socio-demographic groups and more careful planning of their professional activities.
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Ulitin, Ilya. "Mercy Killing and the Specific Features of Its Subjective Side." Russian Journal of Criminology 15, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(1).144-151.
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Building a rule-of-law state requires establishing rational priorities for legal protection. Human life and health should undoubtedly hold a center place in the criminal law policy as objects of protection against criminal infringements. Murder is one of such harmful infringements. At the same time, there is sometimes a considerable difference in the degree of public danger of its different varieties. Russian criminal law policy is aimed at a further humanization and harmonization of criminal law, which makes it necessary to examine the regulation of mercy killings. A killing committed out of mercy, at the victim’s request, to relief pain and unbearable suffering caused by a severe incurable illness is not regulated by Russian legislation. This type of killings is currently qualified by Russian law enforcers under Clause «в», Part 2, Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, Russian legislation views this type of killing as a qualified crime which, according to the author, is not quite correct. The article cites international practice that categorizes mercy killing as a privileged type of crime. Besides, some theoretical considerations in the article are illustrated by examples from Russian court practice on this type of killing. The article is based on both Russian and foreign works in the sphere of criminal law. It discusses some disputed aspects of delineating a mercy killing and offences with similar corpus delicti. The author concludes that there is an objective necessity to legally fix the specific offence of mercy killing, and to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to include this offence. A draft article of the CC of the RF regulating mercy killing is presented. The suggested and substantiated directions of amending Russian criminal legislation could be used in the lawmaking process for the future improvement of criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, and in teaching criminal law disciplines.
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El-Khishin, Sarah, and Dina Kassab. "Signaling effect of fiscal reforms during political uncertainty: A game theory approach." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 1, special issue (2022): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i1siart7.
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This paper examines how rules and institutions and monetary-fiscal coordination setup impact welfare outcomes during political instability. Our theoretical model extends the analysis of Alesina and Tabellini (1987), Alesina and Gatti (1995), and Ferre and Manzano (2014) to examine the signaling content of the fiscal authority’s decision to engage in a fiscal reform when the policymaker’s preferences are private information. In a two-stage signaling game featuring a central banker, a government, and private agents, we examine the fiscal authority’s decision to engage in a fiscal reform under a Nash game, a cooperative setup, and a model of Stackelberg leadership. Three main results: 1) rules and commitments contribute to decreasing time inconsistency; 2) the more control the fiscal authority has over monetary policy, the more undesirable welfare outcomes, especially during political instability; 3) central bank independence signals fiscal discipline and produces relatively more desired outcomes during times of political uncertainty. Nevertheless, even with low degrees of central bank independence, proper fiscal “rules” produce close outcomes of an independent central bank even under the dominance of a centralized political authority and can secure close welfare gains in terms of inflation and fiscal outcomes. We propose these theoretical findings for empirical examination in emerging countries with prevailing schemes of fiscal dominance and more dependence on discretionary interventions to secure growth rates and financing gaps. Such setups are argued to contribute to lowering welfare outcomes that could be reduced if proper fiscal rules were used as a substitute for low monetary independence.
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Cipriano Baracho, Susan Andreise, Karen Denez, and Javier Salvador Gamarra Junior. "Preliminary Evaluation of the teaching of Homeopathy in undergraduate Pharmacy Courses in Brazilian states Paraná and Santa Catarina." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 10, no. 36 (December 23, 2021): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v10i36.509.
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Introduction: Homeopathy and other integrative and complementary health practices were included in the Brazilian public health system (SUS) under a formal policy established by the Health Ministry in 2006 [1]. This led to an increase in the demand of homeopathic assistance, not accompanied by a corresponding increase in human and material resources [2,3,4]. On the other hand, an evaluation of market demands carried out by the Education Ministry (MEC) in 2000 led to a reform of the syllable of undergraduate pharmacy courses, which thus included formal teaching of homeopathy [2].
Aims: To make a preliminary quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the teaching of homeopathy in undergraduate pharmacy courses in Brazilian States Paraná and Santa Catarina as to the establishment of a formal discipline, academic credits and the qualification of professors.
Methods: The MEC Internet database was surveyed looking for universities with undergraduate courses in pharmacy and their study programs were screened online as to the inclusion of formal teaching of homeopathy. Deans and professors were sent a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the model developed by the Brazilian Association of Homeopathic Physicians (ABFH) [5]. Questions sought to assess the formal institutionalization of the teaching of homeopathy (categories, credits) and the qualification of professors. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Uniandrade (Process No. 316/2009).
Results: 25 schools in Paraná (PR) and 12 in Santa Catarina (SC) have undergraduate courses of pharmacy. Four schools in PR were excluded from this study because they do not exhibit data online and no questionnaires were returned. From the remaining 21, 20 (95.2%) include homeopathy in their study program and 6 (28.6%) returned questionnaires. In SC, 1 school exhibits no data and 1 school does not include homeopathy in its study program, the remainder 10 (83.3%) do and 4 returned questionnaires. As a whole, from the initial sample, 30 schools include homeopathy and one does not; 10 questionnaires were returned. The overall credits of pharmacy courses measured in hours are 3,760-5,157 (~4,458) in PR and 3,096-4,968 (~4,217) in SC. The discipline specifically devoted to homeopathy is named in different ways, the most frequent term used is “homeopathic pharmacotechnics†(PR= 8, SC= 6). Its corresponding credits are 36-136 (~72.4) in PR and 32-72 (~57.6) in SC. In PR in 1 school (5%) and in SC in 2 schools (20%) homeopathy is optional, in all other cases is mandatory. All professors (n= 10) teaching homeopathy are pharmacists, 5 hold a MA and 3 a PhD degree, 3 are board certified; 7 have specific raining in homeopathy, whereas 3 do not.
Conclusions: Homeopathy has been included in almost all pharmacy undergraduate courses in PR and SC. In most schools, credits measured as hours is adequate (minimum required= 60h). However, a wider availability of courses and teachers with better qualifications are still needed.
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Mu, Bo, Chang Liu, Guohang Tian, Yaqiong Xu, Yali Zhang, Audrey L. Mayer, Rui Lv, Ruizhen He, and Gunwoo Kim. "Conceptual Planning of Urban–Rural Green Space from a Multidimensional Perspective: A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072863.
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The structure and function of green-space system is an eternal subject of landscape architecture, especially due to limited land and a need for the coordinated development of PLEs (production, living, and ecological spaces). To make planning more scientific, this paper explored green-space structure planning via multidimensional perspectives and methods using a case study of Zhengzhou. The paper applies theories (from landscape architecture and landscape ecology) and technologies (like remote sensing, GIS—geographic information system, graph theory, and aerography) from different disciplines to analyze current green-space structure and relevant physical factors to identify and exemplify different green-space planning strategies. Overall, our analysis reveals that multiple green-space structures should be considered together and that planners and designers should have multidisciplinary knowledge. For specific strategies, the analysis finds (i) that green complexes enhance various public spaces and guide comprehensive development of urban spaces; (ii) that green ecological corridors play a critical role in regional ecological stability through maintaining good connectivity and high node degree (Dg) and betweenness centrality index (BC) green spaces; (iii) that greenway networks can integrate all landscape resources to provide more secured spaces for animals and beautiful public spaces for humans; (iv) that blue-green ecological networks can help rainwater and urban flooding disaster management; and (v) that green ventilation corridors provide air cleaning and urban cooling benefits, which can help ensure healthy and comfortable urban–rural environments. In our view, this integrated framework for planning and design green-space structure helps make the process scientific and relevant for guiding future regional green-space structure.
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Duquenne, Marianne, Hélène Prost, Joachim Schöpfel, and Franck Dumeignil. "Open Bioeconomy—A Bibliometric Study on the Accessibility of Articles in the Field of Bioeconomy." Publications 8, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications8040055.
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Open access (OA) to scientific information is one of the major challenges and objectives of actual public research policy. The purpose of this paper is to assess the degree of openness of scientific articles on bioeconomy, as one of the emergent research fields at the crossroads of several disciplines and with high societal and industrial impact. Based on a Web of Science (WoS) corpus of 2489 articles published between 2015 and 2019, we calculated bibliometric indicators, explored the openness of each article and assessed the share of journals, countries and research areas of these articles. The results show a sharp increase and diversification of articles in the field of bioeconomy, with a beginning long tail distribution. 45.6% of the articles are freely available and the share of OA articles is steadily increasing, from 31% in 2015 to 52% in 2019. Gold is the most important variant of OA. Open access is low in the applied research areas of chemical, agricultural and environmental engineering but higher in the domains of energy and fuels, forestry and green and sustainable science and technology. The UK and the Netherlands have the highest rates of OA articles, followed by Spain and Germany. The funding rate of OA articles is higher than of non-OA articles. This is the first bibliometric study on open access to articles on bioeconomy. The results can be useful for the further development of OA editorial and funding criteria in the field of bioeconomy.
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Silva Piovani, Verónica Gabriela, and Franklin Castillo Retamal. "Tempo livre, ócio, lazer e recreação nos projetos pedagógicos de quatro cursos de educação física do Brasil, Chile e Uruguai." Caderno de Educação Física e Esporte 17, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36453/2318-5104.2019.v17.n1.p189.
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Objetivo: analisar e comparar a presença da área de lazer e recreação nos Projetos pedagógicos (PP) e nas ementas das disciplinas de cursos de EF do Brasil, Chile e Uruguai. Métodos: Análise documental dos PP de quatro cursos de Educação Física de uma universidade do Brasil (estado do Paraná), uma do Chile (região de Maule) e uma do Uruguai (departamento de Rivera). Os PP dos cursos foram obtidos através dos websites das universidades. Resultados: Nos PP dos cursos de Licenciatura em EF (Brasil), Pedagogia em EF (Chile) e Licenciatura em EF - Opção práticas educativas (Uruguai), evidenciou-se o conceito de educação para o tempo livre. Encontrou-se que o curso de Bacharelado em EF (Brasil) possui maior carga horária de disciplinas que tratam a temática tempo livre, lazer e recreação de maneira direta e indireta, seguido pelo curso de EF de Uruguai e de Chile. Em geral, entre os assuntos que as disciplinas abordavam encontrou-se a relação do lazer com dimensões socioculturais, com o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, com a intervenção por meio de jogos e brincadeiras e com as atividades na natureza. Conclusão: Evidenciaram-se similitudes e diferenças interessantes na abordagem da temática tempo livre, lazer e recreação nos cursos de EF estudados, as quais se vinculam com a constituição do campo da EF e do próprio tempo livre, lazer, ócio e recreação em estes países.ABSTRACT. Leisure and recreation in the pedagogic projects of four physical education courses from Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Objective: analyze and compare the presence of the leisure and recreation area in the Pedagogic projects (PP) and the menu of the subjects of Physical Education courses from Brazil, Chile and Uruguai. Methods: Documental analysis of the PP of four courses of Physical Education from one university located in Paraná state (Brazil), one located in the region of Maule (Chile) and one situated in Rivera department (Uruguay). The PP of the courses were downloaded from the websites of the universities. Results: In the PP of the Physical Education Teacher Degree (Brazil), the Pedagogy of Physical Education course (Chile) and the Physical Education Teacher Degree – education practice option (Uruguay), was evidenced the concept of education for leisure. The Physical Education Bachelor Degree (Brazil) had more hours of subjects that approach the leisure and recreation theme in a direct or indirect manner, followed by the Physical Education course from Uruguay and Chile. In general, the subjects approached themes related to the relation of leisure with social and cultural aspects, with public policy, with the intervention using games and with the activities in the nature. Conclusion: There were evidenced similarities and differences in the approaches of leisure and recreation of the four courses studied, which have relationship with the constitution of the field of Physical Education, Leisure and Recreation in these countries.
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Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam. "Happiness research for public policy and administration." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 10, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-07-2015-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this viewpoint is to introduce happiness research for public policy and administration scholars and practitioners. It focuses on what can be useful for the discipline, provides relevant examples and presents the most recent findings and directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a combination of literature review, argumentation and illustrations. Findings Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous growth in happiness research, and over the past few years, this research has started addressing policy issues such as housing, transportation and inequality. Strikingly, public policy and administration discipline has failed to notice these developments. Happiness research has great potential, and it can be used in many theoretical and practical ways to advance the common good. Originality/value Happiness is extremely important and useful for public policy and administration and yet largely overlooked in the discipline. Existing literature reviews are not written with the discipline in mind, and this viewpoint is aimed at filling this gap.
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Carden, Clarissa. "Strengthening discipline in state schools: constructions of discipline in a public policy moment." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 39, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2016.1274882.
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Sobchuk, Serhii. "Features of formation of the state budget security." University Economic Bulletin, no. 41 (March 30, 2019): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-41-212-221.
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Relevance of the research topic. Socio-economic development, which is the main task and simultaneously an instrument for ensuring the effective functioning of the country and increasing the well-being of its population, is directly dependent on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The choice of forms, methods and models of budget regulation allows to achieve the achieved results by allocation and redistributing the gross domestic product according to the priorities of ensuring economic growth. However, at the present stage, the danger of destructive influence on the budget system of endogenous and exogenous factors of influence increases. Thus, the analysis and characterization of the main approaches to the formation of the state budget security and determination of its increase the directions in the conditions of the country's transformation fiscal system and the limited financial resources are relevant. Formulation of the problem. Budgetary security as a component of the country's financial and economic security reflects the ability to effectively use financial resources accumulated in centralized and decentralized funds to ensure the country's financial stability, opportunities for expanded reproduction and social development. That is why it is expedient to determine the main threats to budget security, the degree of their impact on economic dynamics and possible options for their minimization. Analysis of recent research and publications. The work of foreign scientists is devoted to the study of the formation and assessment of the country's budget security: S. Blancart, J. Buchanan, J. Golden, R. Kelly, A. Rotfeld, A. Pigou, R. Dornbusch, J. Stiglitz, A. Hansen and others. Theoretical and practical contribution to the assessment of the budget regulation role of the socio-economic development and ensuring a sufficient level of its budgetary security of domestic scientists was made by O. Vasilik, V. Geyts, V. Gorbulin, A. Gritsenko, L. Lysyak, I. Lukyanenko, V. Oparin, S. Pirozhkov, V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov, S. Yuri and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Highlighting issues become relevant in the face of increasing integration processes and financial globalization. It is important to develop the institutional framework for budget security, the expansion the system factors and indicators that characterize it, in accordance with international requirements and standards. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The task of the study is to analyze the budget security characteristics. The aim of the study is to reveal the methodological and practical provisions of the formation Ukraine budget security in the context of the institutional modernization of the economy and to determine the directions of its increase by means of fiscal regulation. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific knowledge, among which it is worth noting: systemic, structural, comparative, statistical, analysis and synthesis, synthesis and scientific abstraction. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The features of the formation of the country's budget security are determined. The main indicators of the functioning of the budget system of Ukraine are characterized and the degree of their influence on the level of budget security and socio-economic development is determined. The directions of increasing budget security in the context of institutional modernization of the economy are substantiated. The field of application of results. Organization and conduct of research on the formation and improvement of the budget security. Conclusions according to the article. The country's budget security is one of the main indicators of the level of development of the financial system. Providing long-term sustainability of public finances, balancing social and economic development is a priority task of state authorities. The main indicators of Ukraine's budget security show that there are destabilizing factors, but effective budget regulation will minimize their negative impact on the pace of economic growth. It is advisable to increase the level of budgetary discipline, improve medium-term budget planning and forecasting, form an effective strategy for managing public debt and budget deficit.
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Huri, Daman, Denny Hernawan, and G. Goris Seran. "PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 12 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK OLEH SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA TERHADAP PENEGAKAN DISIPLIN MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN UMUM KOTA BOGOR." JURNAL GOVERNANSI 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jgs.v5i1.1698.
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The aim of the research is to analyze the effect of policy implementation of Local Regulation No. 12/2009 concerning Areas Without Cigarettes by Civil Service Police Unit on the enforcement of public discipline in the public areas of Bogor City. The policy implementation is understood in Edward III’s perspective based on four aspects, namely communication, resource, disposition/attitude, and bureaucratic structure. The public discipline uses Elizabeth Hunrlock’s perspective based on three aspects, namely rule/norm, consistence, punishment and reward. The research uses Weight Mean Score formula to count the mean and to describe it. It also uses Spearman Rank Correlation formula based on SPSS version.20 to test a hypothesis concerning the relation of policy implementation to public discipline. The results of the research indicate that the policy implementation gets the mean score 3.28, meaning good enough, and the public discipline gets the mean score 3.65, meaning good. The coefficient correlation of two variables gets value 0.406, categorized as the middle. By t-test, the research gets tcount value 3.688 and ttable (N=71) value 1.666. Therefore, tcount > ttable means that alternative hypothesis is accepted. The coefficient determination indicates 16.4% of contribution of policy implementation to public discipline.Keywords: Areas Without Cigarettes, Policy Implementation, Public Areas, Public Discipline.
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Powell, Martin. "Social Policy & Administration: Journal and Discipline." Social Policy and Administration 40, no. 3 (June 2006): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2006.00487.x.
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Slagle, Derek R., and Adam Williams. "Redefining the boundaries of Public Administration." Teaching Public Administration 36, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144739418775789.
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The scope of the article is reinterpretation of the question posed by Rodgers and Rodgers, namely, are Public Administration scholarship produced by “disciplined purists” – Public Administration scholars producing Public Administration research – or “undisciplined mongrels”? The methodology diverges from previous analysis through examination of doctoral dissertation research classification, rather than faculty output in publications. Concomitantly, Biglan classification of disciplines was used as a framework to determine disciplinary classifications of “undisciplined” or interdisciplinary scholarship. Findings indicate that from 2000 to 2015, there were shifts toward Public Administration as a “purist” discipline. Not only are there changes toward a distinct discipline but also steady declines in outside discipline production of Public Administration doctoral research. The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in categorization of Public Administration scholarship for subjects generally accepted as core issues. Another noted change was dramatic decline for the Doctor of Public Administration degree as the field redefined boundaries.
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Smith, Katherine R. "Economic Science and Public Policy." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 42, no. 1 (April 2013): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007632.
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In this article, research on the application of science to policy issues is reviewed and applied to economic science. Economists who want their professionally credentialed economic research to have an impact on public policy are advised to consult with policy decision-makers in framing their research questions and throughout the research process, thus assuring that the resulting findings will be relevant. A minimal degree of bias in framing, conducting, and presenting research complements a high degree of relevance for the results, allowing economic research to make a difference.