Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Public Policy'
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Green, Alix Rivka. "Using history in public policy development." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13902.
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This thesis addresses two key problems: that historical practice in the academy is largely disengaged from politics as a domain of public purpose and that policymaking remains fixed on a very narrow (and quantitative) definition of evidence, although the “policy-relevant” disciplines have not proved able to solve long-standing policy issues. It inspects both phenomena with the aim of describing the space in which the two problems can be brought into a workable accommodation. The argument is made that public policy should be regarded as an important concern of academic history, and policymakers themselves as people with legitimate interests that historians should take seriously. Public history provides a helpful framework and set of concerns to work with in this respect. Given that the social and natural sciences have not been able to solve the pressing policy problems with which governments are faced, a certain obligation may be claimed for historians to reconsider their stance. The re-connection of history and policy – the nineteenth-century discipline clearly discerned a public-political purpose for history – requires attention to be given to articulating and demonstrating the distinctive cognitive tools of the historian and their distinctive value to the policymaking process. The thesis addresses two primary fields, whose interests and professional practices appear divergent such that both the principles and the terms of collaboration are difficult to imagine: academic history and government policymaking. The primary material on which the research draws is accordingly the products of these constituencies: works of historiography and policy documents of various kinds. Also of relevance are commentaries and analyses that address these domains, whether from other disciplines with an interest in political decision-making, from the media or from other organisations with a professional stake, such as think tanks. The originality of the research lies in conceiving of the question of the uses of history for public policy as one of integration of “supply” and “demand” perspectives. It seeks clarity on the distinctive value of historical skills and approaches, but not as an end in itself. Rather, the case is assembled for the affinities between history and policy as processes and hence that the two can be brought into a productive alignment. So, instead of history providing pre-packaged accounts for policy, it can be embedded as a way of thinking and reasoning in policy.
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Gilbert, Marie. "Drug abuse : self-regulation or discipline. The rhetoric of public policy /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arg465.pdf.
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Murray, Anthony G. "Strerss on Educators at a Discipline Alternative Education Program." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7106.
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Interaction with their students during classroom instruction is often a source of stress among many teachers. The academic setting of Disciplinary Alternative Educational Programs (DAEP) poses a risk factor for teachers to experience stress, given that student disruptive behavior has been associated with higher stress levels among teachers. The problem underlying this study was that most studies on DAEP have focused on the experiences of students, with limited information available about the experiences of teachers in this type of academic setting. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the role of job-related stress and coping on the job performance of DAEP teachers, from a transactional theory of stress and coping approach. This exploration was grounded in the theoretical lens of the transactional theory of stress and coping, which served as the link between the importance of the psychological health of teachers and the successful administration of public programs. The geographical setting of the study was a single DAEP campus. Data were collected using 20 individual, face-to-face semi structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the modified van Kaam method of phenomenological analysis, which involves the systematic analysis of data through the process of dividing large quantities of qualitative data into smaller units of meaning. The results produced significant thematic themes. The findings from this study could help scholars and practitioners gain important insight about job-related stressors in DAEP, which could facilitate the improvement of administration and development policies in order to promote a positive work environment in DAEP settings.
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Christy, Donna. "The Influence of School Discipline Approaches on Suspension Rates." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5995.
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A free and appropriate public education is promised to every child in the United States. However, zero tolerance school discipline policies have broken that promise, pushing students out of the classroom and into the school-to-prison pipeline. Despite the growing body of research demonstrating negative social and economic impacts of exclusionary discipline, public school administrators have been slow to adopt innovative policies that provide rehabilitative alternatives. The purpose of this study was to compare, using the consequences of innovations application of Rogers's diffusion of innovations theory, the impact of various school district approaches to school discipline on suspension rates while controlling for race and socioeconomic status. This study used a quantitative, nonexperimental, nonequivalent groups, posttest-only research design using secondary analysis of data reported by 218 school districts in a New England state for the 2016-17 school year. Analysis of covariance indicated that there is a significant relationship between approaches to school discipline and suspension rates when controlling for racial and socioeconomic composition (p < .05). Race and economic disadvantage significantly influenced suspension rates (p < .001), and districts implementing alternatives differed significantly in their racial and socioeconomic compositions (p < .001). Policy implications include the promotion of alternative approaches to school discipline. Implications for social change include evidence to support the work of those addressing the needs underlying student behavior rather than crime and punishment models to produce safe and supportive schools and dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline.
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Crawford, Gaylon Rashun. "Relationship Between Modality and the Degree of Knowledge Retention in Bioterrorism Training." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/747.
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A public health workforce must be trained to react quickly, especially in the case of terrorist attack. Political leaders and emergency management experts have often cited inadequate emergency training as a contributing factor in the public health system's failed preparations for a bioterrorist event. As a result of these failures, billions of dollars have been allocated towards correcting infrastructure deficiencies including training for public health nurses (PHNs), who are critical to a communitywide medical response. This quantitative study used Pearson's correlation and a multivariate regression analysis to evaluate the most effective modality of bioterrorism training (BTT) for PHNs working in rural communities in North Carolina. Using a conceptual framework created by Handler, Issel, and Turnock, this study compared 3 modalities of instruction (MOI) to seek the best predictor of success in retaining learned bioterrorism skills. The research question focused on whether MOI for BTT/all-hazards training courses significantly predicted the degree of retention of emergency knowledge/skills for PHNs working in public health agencies in North Carolina. A multiple choice survey was used to test 103 PHNs' level of knowledge retention on a bioterrorism quiz. The results of this study were ultimately inconclusive in that no MOI was found to be a statistically significant predictor of retention. Factors such as age were found to be successful predictors of knowledge retention. The readiness issues identified in this study have a potential for positive social change if community decision makers use this information to prioritize future funding for public health professionals or enhance communitywide emergency preparedness education programs.
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Liu, Sherry. "Effectiveness of a University Bilingual Degree Program Among Overseas Chinese." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5497.
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The language and communication skills of foreign students have long been a concern in
U.S. universities. The majority of U.S. universities require foreign students for whom English is not their native language to take English language proficiency tests such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as part of admission requirements. Some universities have included interventions to increase the success of Chinese students against their struggle to understand English course content. One such program is the Gateway to Successful Tomorrow Bilingual Degree Program (GST). The gap to be addressed on this study was that the effectiveness of GST has not been formally evaluated among foreign students particularly overseas Chinese students studying at U.S. universities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the GST among overseas Chinese students studying at U.S. universities as measured through students' grade point averages (GPA) and TOEFL scores. The theoretical framework that guided this study was the Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The quantitative study used a causal comparative design to gather quantitative data from student achievement records and TOEFL scores. Pearson's correlation analysis and analysis of variance were conducted to predict if underlying relationships exist among variables. Key findings of the analyses showed that GST students had a significantly higher GPA than non-GST student. However, results also indicated that there was no evidence that the GST program significantly improved TOEFL scores. The GST program had an overall positive impact on the international Chinese students' academic performance and with continued research international students stand to gain even more from this program.
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Wallace, Karen Nicole. "The Intersection of Race, Gender and the School to Prison Pipeline: A Case Study on the Impact of Exclusionary Discipline on African American Girls." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4485.
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Exclusionary discipline in school contributes to gender and racial disproportionality in the juvenile justice system and marginalizes African American girls. Using the social justice and rational choice theories as the foundation, the purpose of this case study was to explore the relationship between the criminalization of behavior in schools, racial bias, and gender stereotypes contribute to the overrepresentation of the school to prison pipeline in Virginia. The central research question focused on the relationship between the criminalization of behavior in schools, racial bias, and gender stereotypes on the overrepresentation of African American girls in the school to prison pipeline. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 8 African American women (ages 20-30) and surveys from 12 educators. Other data included school discipline and juvenile justice reports from the Virginia Department of Education and Office of Juvenile Justice. The interview data were coded and analyzed using matrix and thematic analysis. Three findings emerged from the thematic analysis from document data. First, participants perceive diversionary programs, community partnership and restorative justice programs create safe and positive learning environments. Second, there are opportunities for policymakers to use their influence to promote social equity. Finally, zero tolerance policies are ineffective. The positive social change implications from this study include recommendations to policymakers to implement restorative justice programs to ensure that all students learn in a positive environment. These actions will benefit all students in public schools and decrease racial disparities in schools and the juvenile justice system.
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Morrison, Devin J. "360-degree feedback implementation plan Dean position, Graduate School Of Business and Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6046.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.360-degree feedback is a personal development and appraisal tool designed to quantify the competencies and skills of fellow employees by tapping the collective experience of their superiors, subordinates, and peers. Substantially better than the hierarchical, single-source assessments employees are familiar with, this multi-source system provides participants with a comprehensive interpretation of their performance from numerous perspectives within the organization. The objective of this thesis is to develop a 360-degree feedback system tailored specifically for the Dean position, Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School. This thesis presents a literature review, a case description involving the Dean position, and discusses a series of interviews conducted with key groups of organizational stakeholders. With the results of this research confirming the need for and potential content of a feedback system, this thesis culminates by presenting 360- degree feedback procedures and documents created specifically for the Dean position.
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Vermaaten, Diane. "Finishing on-time: A qualitative examination of contributors to timely undergraduate degree completion." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/458.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the most significant factors that contributed to on-time undergraduate degree completion. On-time degree completion requires that a student complete all the requirements of their degree within 4.5 years or less. A grounded theory methodology was used to conduct the study. Narrative data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Thirty former students who completed their undergraduate degree at Virginia Commonwealth University were recruited for this study. To be eligible for the study, participants had to have completed their undergraduate degree in 4.5 years or less and graduated between 2004 and 2011. The analysis of the narrative data determined that preparation for on-time completion begins in high school and continues throughout a student’s college career. First, high school students who develop ‘academic self-esteem’ by participating in an honors courses or an early college credit program in high school enter college with the belief, or personal vision, that they can complete their degree in 4 years. However, in cases where the student matriculates without ‘academic self-esteem’ directed and intensive institutional support is an effective proxy. Next, a student must be self-motivated or determined to complete on-time. They must have an inherent reason for wanting to reach that goal post. However, since the findings indicated that motivation can be internal, external, or both, institutional support can be used as effective tool to develop these qualities where needed. Third, if students are to complete their undergraduate degrees on-time, they must develop a personal plan for accomplishing that goal at the very beginning of their college careers. This plan should be incorporated into the student’s academic advising sessions and updated as they acquire the credits required for the completion of their degree. And finally, students should be strongly encouraged to engage in campus life by participating student clubs, organizations, and/or athletics. Participation in campus life encourages persistence and therefore supports on-time completion.
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Lucas, Joseph William. "The Deterrent Effect of Disciplinary Segregation on Prison Inmate Misconduct." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1648.
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Although a widely used practice, it was previously unknown whether disciplinary segregation is actually effective at modifying prison behavior. This quantitative, retrospective observational study tested deterrence theory and explored the effectiveness of disciplinary segregation in deterring subsequent prison inmate misconduct among those subjected to it (N = 228). It compared a cohort of male inmates incarcerated by the Oregon Department of Corrections who had spent time in disciplinary segregation in 2011 and/or 2012 with a comparison cohort who had not spent any time in disciplinary segregation. Three models were tested, each with the outcome variable operationalized in a different way: overall total rule violations in 2013-2014, total major rule violations in 2013-2014, and total minor rule violations in 2013-2014. Multiple regression analysis was used to control for the influence of age, time spent on current sentence, risk score, prior major and minor rule violations, and time spent in disciplinary segregation. These analyses revealed that for each model, disciplinary segregation was not a significant predictor of subsequent prison inmate misconduct. The findings suggest that deterrence theory does not explain the relation between the experience of disciplinary segregation and subsequent prison misconduct among those subjected to it. The findings further suggest that disciplinary segregation neither decreases nor increases subsequent prison misconduct. These results indicate that disciplinary segregation should undergo a critical evaluation by prison administrators, which could lead to the practice of disciplinary segregation being exercised in a more judicious and informed manner, thus limiting its potentially negative effects and contributing to positive social change.
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Berlianto, Aprinto. "Tax competition and harmonization in Southeast Asia : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/966.
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Policy makers in the Southeast Asian region are faced with many challenges in national policy taxation from globalization, in particular the increasing cross-border mobility of capital. One of the challenges is the competition to attract a mobile capital base which leads to a trend towards declining statutory corporate taxation rates and a pressure to harmonize taxation policy. This study explores taxation literature and uses empirical evidence from the period of 1996-2006 to examine tax competition and tax harmonization in the region. The study seeks evidence for the existence of tax competition by analyzing recent trends in two groups of measures of taxation: tax rates and tax revenues. This begins with looking at the trends of statutory corporate tax rate. Evidence is found for a decline in statutory corporate tax rates, developments commensurate with the existence of tax competition. On the contrary, the tax revenue data presented here, show that the expected decline in total tax revenues has not occurred; indeed, a significant increase has been recorded. It is also supported by empirical evidence of the ratio of corporate tax revenue either relative to GDP or to total tax revenue. The strengthening of these revenues has meant that the expected shift in the tax burden away from mobile to immobile factors has also failed to materialize. The two groups of measures of taxation thus provide apparently inconsistent views of the impact of tax competition. There follows an analysis of the elements of tax competition according to literature, in an attempt to draw out its implications for the experience within the Southeast Asian region. This study also examines the case for tax harmonisation and the Southeast Asian experience and it is concluded that the progress of tax harmonisation between countries has tended to be difficult to achieve because of the differences among the countries in terms of the tax structures and level of economies.
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Rocha, Alberto Frederico Moraes da. "Case study of a Brazilian community association : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Policy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/974.
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This is a Case Study Research done inside a poor community in Brazil. The main goal of the research is to facilitate this community to understand their problems and to overcome it. Therefore the researcher and the researched developed the following question ‘why NovaMosanta is not achieving its goals? The researcher wanted to work as a facilitator throughout the whole process of dialogue that aims to empower the community. Departing from that question and based on Freire’s ideas of education the research aims to build new knowledge from the interaction of academic and community knowledge. To implement this case study field research the researcher decided to use Participant observation and questionnaires. Surprisingly during the research the NGO called NovaMosanta faced the challenge of remodeling a public school without government help; otherwise the school would be closed. This NGO succeeded with the help of the New Zealand Government that gave NZ$15,000 to build two new classrooms in the school. Community members helped working in the remodeling and local commerce gave discounts to enable the remodeling. As a result the school will not be closed and the students will continue to study there. It also helped to increase community support and participation. Although not designed as a Participant Action Research, this thesis evolved to produce action and to change the community reality. It was an empowering process to the researcher and the researched. The community support increased and it also served s a catalytic event in the process of transformation and inclusion. Finally it clarifies the importance of producing fast results to maintain community support. You can check the research results in the links below that contain two local network reports about it. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hz_FItXp3nM) & (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=py5emCNXRlo)
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Kaul, Maya. "Deconstructing “Deviance” and “Disorder” as Systems of Domination: Chicago Public Schools as a Case Study of the Effects of Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies on Educational Outcomes in US Schools." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/184.
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The rise of “zero tolerance” discipline practices in US primary and secondary schools has become increasingly well documented by the media and empirical studies. Despite the extensive scholarship that has emerged from these conversations, many of these analyses are limited in their scope and do not connect the phenomena of zero tolerance in schools to the diverse, shifting forces at play within American politics and policy today. As such, the goal of this work is to synthesize ideas about zero tolerance across disciplines by integrating historical thought, philosophical frameworks of punishment, shifting policy goals within the US education system, the sociological constructions of “deviance” and “disorder” in the context of the US criminal justice system, and empirical data directly from a school district to develop particular policy recommendations accordingly. The primary research question of this analysis is: What are the effects of zero tolerance discipline policies on educational outcomes? To answer this question, Chicago Public Schools will be employed as a case study from which lessons for the nation at large will be drawn. Ultimately, this analysis ends up revealing the ways in which zero tolerance policies stem from much deeper forces at play between dominant and marginal groups, and what comes to be defined as “deviance” in relation to a socially constructed system of “order.”
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Maxwell, Judith Margaret, and judy maxwell@rmit edu au. "Contesting the Culture of the Doctoral Degree: Candidates' Experiences of Three Doctoral Degrees in the School of Education, RMIT University." RMIT University. Education, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091029.144203.
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This study is situated within a context of the changing role and value of the university, particularly in terms of a renewed focus on the importance of 'practical' research. It seeks to explore candidates' experiences of the culture of three doctoral research degrees in the School of education, RMIT University. The degrees in question are the Doctor of Philosophy by thesis, the Doctor of Philosophy by project and the Doctor of Education. The research sought to problematise and contest current understandings of doctoral candidates' experiences by highlighting complexities in the process and identifying differences and similarities between each of the three degrees. The main research question is 'How do candidates perceive the respective cultures of traditional, practice-based and professional doctoral education?' A nested, multiple-case study of the three doctoral modes was used to address three sub-questions, which focused on the norms and practices of candidates ; the extent to which their needs and expectations were met; and differences in their notions of research and practice. Differences and similarities between the degrees are analysed, leading to answers to the fourth sub-question which sought to identify what can be learned in terms of supervisor pedagogy and learning support. The research design was underpinned by a Bourdieuian epistemology and a critical theoretical perspective. Bourdieu's theory of practice with its conceptual tools of habitus, field, capital, agent and practice allowed analysis of candidates' experiences and the doctoral structures within which their practice resides through one critical lens. The data revealed many issues common to all doctoral programs. These include the importance of understanding the various habitus' and relative amounts of cultural capital of candidates, and the impact of a perceived lack of learning community. Other findings related to ambivalence regarding the types of cultural and social capital appropriate for do ctoral candidates not aiming to work in an academic environment where these are in conflict with the workplace. Three meta-themes were developed: tensions between and within the field; challenges to autonomous principles; and the importance of habitus and cultural capital in doctoral study. The study added to the literature aimed at increasing understanding of candidates' trajectories toward success in the doctoral field, thereby informing supervisor and learning support pedagogy. Five recommendations were proposed, aimed at producing a vibrant doctoral learning community with a deeper understanding of candidates' issues.
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Whitcombe, J. E. "Policy, service delivery and institutional design : the case of New Zealand's social sector government agencies, 1984-2007 : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/589.
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Eppel, Elizabeth Anne. "The contribution of complexity theory to understanding and explaining policy processes : a study of tertiary education policy processes in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctof of Philosophy in Public Policy /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1202.
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Riccio, Maria Conceição Queiroz Oliveira. "Gestão de um plano de saúde pelo poder público: análise na perspectiva do cumprimento do princípio constitucional da universalidade." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2012. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/maria_conceicao_queiroz_oliveira_riccio.pdf.
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O presente trabalho discorre sobre o Plano de Assistência à Saúde do Servidor Público do Estado da Bahia - PLANSERV, procurando analisá-lo como política pública social, dado tratar-se de um plano sob gestão do poder público, não sujeito à regulamentação da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar – ANS, cujo orçamento atribuído para o seu funcionamento conta com 1/3 de recursos oriundos do orçamento estadual. Trata-se de estudo de caso único, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo. O recorte dado para a pesquisa foi a verificação do cumprimento do princípio da universalidade, princípio constitucional definido para o sistema de saúde brasileiro. Para tanto se discutiu inicialmente política pública como ação de governo, seguindo-se da apresentação do PLANSERV nos seus aspectos organizacionais, população assistida, área de atuação e escopo da atenção à saúde prestada aos seus beneficiários. Para a análise proposta trabalhou-se com indicadores de cobertura de serviços oferecidos à população beneficiária, assim como se levantou o grau de satisfação dos usuários do plano. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para o êxito do plano enquanto política pública, ainda que tenha identificado aspectos para os quais se fazem necessários investimentos de melhoria, no sentido de que o PLANSERV possa continuar a promover assistência à saúde, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida dos seus beneficiários, conforme missão institucional definida, e que possa ser reconhecido como a melhor assistência em saúde complementar do Estado da Bahia.
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Costa, Luciana Pereira. "Disciplina jurídica do câmbio e política pública." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-18112009-155041/.
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A presente dissertação tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a disciplina jurídica do câmbio no direito brasileiro e a sua relação com a política pública. A taxa de câmbio, ao expressar a relação de troca entre a moeda nacional e a moeda estrangeira, está sujeita à influência de diversos fatores que extrapolam os poderes de compra das respectivas moedas e que não refletem a noção de equivalência presente na determinação do preço nas compras e vendas, como a relação internacional de troca e atos de política econômica dos Estados envolvidos. O Estado, ao exercer a política cambial, dever agir conforme os princípios e fundamentos previstos na Constituição Federal. Sua atuação deve ser direcionada à implementação dos objetivos eleitos pela sociedade como prioritários, os quais estão fixados na Carta Magna. Esses objetivos encontram possibilidade de concretude nas políticas públicas.This paper aims at discussing the legal framework of foreign exchange transactions in the Brazilian legal system and its relation with public policy. The exchange rate expresses the relation between the exchange of local currency and foreign currency. The rate is subject to the influence of several different factors other than the purchasing power of the relevant currencies (i.e. the terms of foreign international relations and economic policy acts of the respective countries), and does not reflect the notion of equivalence that is present in the determination of price in buy and sell transactions. When exercising the exchange rate policy, the Brazilian government shall act in accordance with the principles and fundamental roles provided for in the Federal Constitution, and shall endeavor the realization of the objectives determined as priority therein. Public policies are an important tool in the realization of those objectives.
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Wech-O-sotsakda, Chanthana. "ICT in community-based lifelong learning center model for northeast Thailand : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/424.
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This thesis investigates how rural and remote communities in northeast Thailand harness information and communication technologies (ICTs) for community development and develops a new model of ICT-based lifelong learning centre for local communities. The main research questions are: 1. How to adapt ICTs to fit rural communities? 2. How to integrate ICTs into their lifestyle? 3. How to use ICTs to forge stronger ties within and between local communities? 4. How to develop ICTs in community-based lifelong learning centre? The objective of this research is to develop a model of ICT in community-based lifelong learning centers (CLC) that is suitable for northeast Thailand, and to propose policies for implementing ICTs in CLCs. This study used qualitative methodologies to explore the problem. Data collection took place in Thailand between April, 2005 to March, 2006. The fieldwork covered two communities in Krainun Village, Katharawichai District and Khok Yai Community Forest, Wapi Pathum District, Mahasarakham Province. The data collection procedures included using surveys and questionnaires to develop the research agenda with the target groups while focus group techniques were used as the main data-gathering instrument to further investigate their needs and develop the CLC model. Interviews, observations, workshops and study trips were needed for additional data. A triangulation approach was used to analyse the data from surveys, interviews, observations and discussions. The basic data from the surveys were categorised into four aspects: geographical data, public utilities, social data, and economic data. Using the issues-based analysis methodology, the qualitative data from the focus groups were analysed and interpreted and triangulation was applied to difference data sources. The recorded materials were transcribed and issues related to the research questions were identified. The next step focused on developing the CLC model which applied Knowles’ program development model for adult education and training. This focus on process is a distinguishing feature of this research and comprises the ‘new’ characteristic in the model presented. The study showed that the rural communities grasped the benefits of ICTs and through concrete situations, realised that ICTs could meet their needs. ICT learning activities using a hands-on practical approach motivated them to adapt and integrate ICT in their daily life. They applied their experiences to acquire new knowledge and technology. Their CLCs were developed based on a similar model of their understanding of, and motivation to use, ICT. The model of CLC in both communities is based on their needs, including the concept of establishing a CLC, CLC objectives, CLC management, implementation and evaluation.
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Kautoke-Holani, Alisi Wenonalita. "Agricultural export growth and economic development for Tonga : the quest for efficiency : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/899.
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Neo-liberalism has become the dominant approach to economic development since the 1980s. Based on the economic principle of “efficiency”, the Washington Consensus and its supporters have avidly promoted the neoliberal orthodoxy as the ideal blueprint for the economic development of all countries in every region. However, as this thesis has discovered, the efficiency of public policy is weighed not by its conformity to an ideology but on how effective it responds to the economic and social problems of the population in question. In recent years Tonga has endured severe economic shocks which have pushed its low growth economy to the brink of economic crisis. In response to this crisis, the Government has chosen greater economic liberalisation and private sector – led growth to lead the economy to recovery. The Washington Consensus and its international supporters claim that this is the best policy response for Tonga due to the belief that greater liberalisation leads to greater efficiency. This thesis however believes that at the current dire state of the economy, it is not enough for Tongan public policy to just conform to international views on efficient economic development but to ensure that its economic development policies address the economic and social needs of the general Tongan population. With this in mind, this thesis investigated the role of agriculture in economic development. It identified that for an agriculture-based country such as Tonga, at low levels of growth, agricultural development is fundamental to long term economic growth. This research also revealed that agricultural growth is maximised through trade hence suggesting increased focus on agricultural export development. Based on these findings, this research project set out to verify the efficiency of Government agricultural policies by identifying the views of agricultural exporters and comparing these with Government approaches to agricultural export development in Tonga.
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Menzies, Malcolm Bruce. "Recognising scientific entrepreneurship in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/810.
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Sow, Moussé Ndoye. "Essays on Exchange Rate Regimes and Fiscal Policy." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10479/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse d’une part aux effets macroéconomiques des régimes de change, et d’autre part, aux récentes évolutions sur la politique budgétaire et la décentralisation. La partie I met essentiellement l’accent sur l’interaction entre les régimes de change (RC) et la politique budgétaire, monétaire et fiscale. Tout d’abord, nous mettons en évidence que les RC peuvent avoir un effet stabilisateur sur la politique budgétaire (chapitre 1). Cependant, cet effet stabilisateur des RC n’est pas automatique mais dépendrait plutôt des conséquences d’une politique budgétaire laxiste. Le chapitre 2 s’intéresse quant à lui à la causalité entre RC et crises (bancaire/financière, de change et de dette) et remet en cause la vision bipolaire qui prétendait que les RC intermédiaires sont plus vulnérables aux crises que les solutions en coin (RC fixes/flexibles). Il ressort de notre analyse que les fondamentaux macroéconomiques (la volatilité du crédit au secteur privé, le financement du déficit, et le ratio dette sur PIB) jouent un rôle considérable. Le chapitre 3 met en évidence un lien entre les RC et la politique fiscale. Les pays à RC fixes montrent une plus grande dépendance aux recettes domestiques –telles que la TVA-, comparativement aux pays en change intermédiaires/flexibles pour compenser les pertes de recettes de seigneuriage (effet de substitution). De plus, ces pays avec RC fixes collectent plus de recettes domestiques en compensation de la perte de recettes douanières, suite à la libéralisation commerciale (effet de compétitivité). Dans les trois derniers chapitres (partie II), nous mettons le focus sur la politique budgétaire et les effets de la décentralisation. Le chapitre 4 révèle une relation non-linéaire entre la politique budgétaire et le cycle économique, qui dépend du niveau de la dette publique. Lorsque celle-ci dépasse un certain seuil (87%), la politique budgétaire perd toute propriété contra-cyclique. Nous montrons par ailleurs que l’effet disciplinaire ex-ante des règles budgétaires aide à restaurer la contra-cyclicité de la politique budgétaire. A travers le chapitre 5, nous montrons que la décentralisation budgétaire, dans un cadre politico-institutionnel sein et dépourvu de corruption, améliore l’offre de biens et services publics. Le chapitre 6 conclut que la décentralisation impacte positivement le solde structurel. Cependant une asymétrie entre la décentralisation des dépenses et celle des recettes accroit la dépendance des gouvernements locaux vis-à-vis du gouvernement central en termes de transferts, et amoindrirait considérablement à l’effet positif de la décentralisationThis thesis explored, in two parts, the macroeconomic impacts of exchange rate regimes (ERR), as well as the recent developments in fiscal policy and fiscal decentralization. Part I has reconsidered the role of ERR and its interplay with fiscal, monetary and tax policy. The first result that emerges (Chapter 1) is that fixed ERR can serve as a credible policy tool for stabilizing fiscal policy. However, this stabilizing effect is conditional upon the inter-temporal distribution of the costs of loose fiscal policy. In assessing the linkage between ERR and crises (banking/financial, currency and debt), Chapter 2 evidenced that the bipolar view is no longer valid, and that, crisis proneness rather depends on the macroeconomic fundamentals (the volatility of private sector credit, the deficit-financing mechanism, and the debt-to-GDP ratio). In Chapter 3, we unveiled a strong relationship between ERR and tax policy. Countries with pegged regimes have greater reliance on domestic taxation -such as the VAT- to make up for the loss of seigniorage revenue (substitution effect). Moreover, peggers tend to collect more VAT revenue to offset the shortfall in cross border taxes following the trade liberalization reform (competitiveness effect). Part II discussed the cyclical response of fiscal policy in high debt periods, and focused on fiscal decentralization issues. In Chapter 4, we showed that the reaction of fiscal policy to the business cycle is non-linear and conditional to the level of public debt. When the debt-to-GDP ratio goes beyond a certain threshold (87%), fiscal policy loses its counter-cyclical properties. Further, we highlighted that carefully-designed fiscal rules help maintaining counter-cyclicality through an ex ante disciplinary effect. Chapters 5 and 6 analyzed the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of public service delivery and fiscal policy performance, respectively. Chapter 5 revealed that a sufficient level of expenditure decentralization, coupled with revenue decentralization, improves the efficiency of public service delivery. However, the political and institutional environment is critical for reaping decentralization-led benefits. Lastly, Chapter 6 concluded that fiscal decentralization has destabilizing effect by reducing the counter-cyclicality of fiscal policy. In addition, we found that decentralization strengthens the structural fiscal balance; however, vertical fiscal imbalances reduce the benefits of decentralization. It is therefore critical to limit asymmetries between expenditure and revenue decentralization, so as to reduce the transfer-dependency of local governments to the central level, and thus prevent decentralization from weakening the fiscal stance at the general government level
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Warren, Krystal Te Rina Fain. "Runanga: Manuka kawe ake: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/955.
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This thesis examines the location and role of the runanga institution. As a prominent contemporary organization for Maori development, relevant theory locates runanga with regard to a broader developmental framework and their potential to function within it. The position of runanga, as a facilitator of Maori development, is assessed with reference to Dependency theory, World Systems theory and Modes of Production. These theories highlight the systematic historic dis-empowerment of Maori through the processes of colonisation with particular regard to runanga. The thesis also considers the evolution of the runanga since its migration from Hawaiki, its utilisation as a forum of colonial resistance, its co-option into the governmental system and its contemporary resurgence. This provides a historical overview of the runanga as an institution. In addition, Te Runanga 0 Ngati Whitikaupeka has been used as the case study which considers the issues of becoming a runanga and includes what the structure of the runanga might look like for Ngati Whitikaupeka as an iwi. The theories of Community Development and Empowerment are offered as means to counter the further dis-empowerment of Maori, where institutions such as runanga can utilise these notions to facilitate positive outcomes for iwi and Maori development. Field research contained in this thesis identifies some of the specific concerns and aspirations of Ngati Whitikaupeka iwi members. In utilising the notions of empowerment and community development the field research provides an explicit statement of Iwi aspirations to maintain the connection between Ngati Whitlkaupeka Iwi members at the flax-roots and Te Runanga 0 Ngati Whitikaupeka as a representative body that can facilitate those aspirations. Supplementary to this the iwi aspirations that have been identified in this study are intended to provide some direction for the runanga as the representative decision-making body moving into the future.
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Winter, N. A. "Change in juvenile justice policy : implications for rights and responsibilities : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1286.
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Changes in juvenile justice are often attributed to increases in offending and media attention to crime. A "cycle" of reforms, which alternate between punitive and treatment type responses has been identified. This study explores the possibility that wider socio-political events also have implications for reforms. Nations in which welfare and juvenile justice systems are highly integrated, may exhibit different patterns of policy change than those observed elsewhere. Changes in juvenile justice policy in New Zealand and Sweden are examined. The implications of policy change for the rights and responsibilities of those involved in the juvenile justice system are also examined. This includes the State, juvenile offenders and their parents and the victims of crime. Particular attention is given to the status of parental rights.
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Nashiraliyev, Yeldos. "Economic integration in the Commonwealth of Independent States: perspectives, problems, solutions : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1080.
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It has been 17 years since the Soviet Union broke up and its constituent countries gained their independence. In the beginning years the sovereignty was considered an indisputable priority, resulting in economic matters being put off. However, in the light of slow economic development in the area, it seemed to be imperative for these countries to pursue economic integration. Backed up by political will, several attempts had been made to establish various integration groupings, one of them being the Commonwealth of Independent States. The established organisation’s main aim was to assist countries in preserving the connecting links inherited from the former Soviet Union. Some of the countries in the region managed to achieve relatively high growth rates mainly due to their individual efforts. Unfortunately, so far, none out of a number of proposed integration projects has proven to be an effective and binding tool in the political and economic development of the region. This thesis aims to identify problems standing in the way of economic integration of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As of now, a free trade area – the initial form of economic integration – has not been established. Although trade ties between the member states function, the main export destination of these states is outside the Commonwealth. It is recommended that the initial steps in setting up a free trade area in this territory should begin with developing integration within regional associations, due to smaller numbers of participants and their common interests.
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Qunby, Rohan G. H. "Time, space, city and resistance : situating Negri's multitude in the contemporary metropolis : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Public Policy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/923.
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Cities are not merely inanimate objects. They are complex living environments, built over time by cultures and civilisations. This thesis argues that cities have a central place in human history and civilisation because they are imbued with meaning and meaningful activity. Thus, cities are inherently political spaces, and it may be reasonably expected that they will be important sites of social transformation in the postmodern era. In order to understand the relationship between urban space and political consciousness, this thesis traces several different interpretive paths within the marxist tradition. First, we examine the work of Henri Lefebvre, who argues for an understanding of urban space as socially produced. Next, the thesis looks at the contributions of Guy Debord, particularly at his understanding of the relation between time and the city. Both writers struggle to understand the urban in the context of the shift to what we now call postmodernity. Despite their many strengths, Debord and Lefebvre ultimately fail to theorise a social subject capable of resisting capitalist domination of the city. As a result, the thesis turns to a consideration of the work of Antonio Negri. Negri’s analysis of the fate of contemporary subjectivity has reinvigorated marxist critique with a return to the question of political change. His figure of the multitude takes leave of traditional marxism in challenging and productive ways, and helps us better understand the nature of subjectivity and resistance in a world of immaterial labour and virtuality. Nevertheless, this thesis argues that there is still work to be done before Negri’s work can be mapped out onto the contemporary metropolis.
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Mumford, Peter John. "Enhancing performance-based regulation : lessons from New Zealand's building control system : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [in Public Policy] /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1206.
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Zahray, Walter Paul. "Electronic dissemination of scholarly journals an economic and technical analysis : a dissertation submitted to the Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering and Public Policy /." Pittsburgh : Carnegie Mellon University, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=z23gAAAAMAAJ.
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Bartlett, Tess. "The power of penal populism : public influences on penal and sentencing policy from 1999 to 2008 : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Criminology /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1086.
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"A Perspective of Navajo Adult Prisoners on Their Experiences: From School to Prison." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49306.
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abstract: This dissertation discusses the intersection of schooling, justice systems, and educational achievements of American Indians. This dissertation is divided into three parts covering six sections; American Indians in the U.S. as a political and racial group, current trends in Indian education and economic conditions with a discussion on the role of epistemological and ontological clashes between Indian ways of thinking and western education practices. Six policy eras are discussed that have shaped Indian education followed by a discussion on how and in what ways the justice system and schooling intersect with the educational achievement of American Indian students.
A qualitative case study explored the experiences of six Navajo prisoners, ages 24-35, in the Winslow State Prison in Arizona. Open-ended interviews inquired about their K-12 education, family, community, and institutional experiences with discipline. Findings revealed negative experiences with schooling had powerful impacts on participants in contrast to family, community, and other institutions. All participants reported experiences in school contributed to interfacing with the justice system. Second, teachers and principals were identified as powerful forces contributing to participants’ negative school experiences. Third, negative family impacts triggered participants’ dependency on the school for support. Findings from this study, evidence suggests that schooling plays a pivotal role influencing a Navajo man's life chances.
This type of research focusing on Indigenous prison inmate voices is needed to understand the experiences of Navajo male offenders who are within the criminal justice system and to then make policy recommendations to support healing and rehabilitation. I conclude by calling for a reimagining of schooling practices based on restorative justice that can mitigate negative disciplinary and violent schooling experiences and restore trust and success of American Indians in the education system.
Keywords: American Indian schooling, school to prison, federal boarding schoolsDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2018
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Thaksaphon, Thamarangsi. "Alcohol policy process in Thailand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1380.
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The thesis describes and analyses the Thai alcohol policy process in the period 1997 - 2006, in order to investigate the characteristics and areas for potential improvement of the Thai alcohol policy process. The analysis used several extant public policy models. The models covered three aspects of the process at the macro leve l : stages of development, the characteristics and behaviours of maj or policy players, and the policy context. At the micro level the analysis employs concepts of agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder relationships and policy context. Information on Thai alcohol policy was collected from two sources: secondary data included official documents, literature, technical publications and mass media; pnmary data was collected through stakeholder interviews. Thai alcohol policy, during this period became more comprehensive and more oriented to public health. Problem-reduction values gained momentum while economic values remained significant. Thai policy stakeholders focused on the formulation process, while implementation, monitoring and evaluation were neglected. Limited resources, human capacity and ineffective management exacerbated this situation. Incrementalism characterised Thai alcohol policy formulation; existing policy or the policy precursor was very important to the decisions made. Limitations in the availability, accuracy and utilisation of knowledge about alcohol consumption, related problems and alcohol policy also affected the process. The Thai alcohol policy process became a more open public policy sphere for stakeholders. Many new players made major contributions to the process. The mechanisms stakeholders use to influence policy have become more complex and included: technical knowledge, the use of mass media and civil movements, and coordination among stakeholders. A centralised bureaucratic administration and personal and institutional interests are critical features for official stakeholders, while connection to high ranking officials and representation in the process are significant for interest groups. The Thai cultural context had a crucial impact on the alcohol policy process; cultural features which are not explicitly covered in the Western policy models utilised include cronyism, relationships, representation, commitment, negligence, and compromise. These characteristics make the Thai alcohol policy process difficult to fully explain in terms of the available public policy theories.
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LU, YING-YING, and 呂盈盈. "The Study on the Practice of Positive Discipline Policy toward Teachers in Public Junior High School, Yun-Lin County." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80530165365227373483.
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碩士環球科技大學
公共事務管理研究所
102
The most recently, we have seen the great impact of the practice of Positive Discipline Policy that has brought at the campus and the public have different feedbacks upon this issue. The purpose of this study is to understand the viewpoints of the teachers in public junior high school after they carry out the policy, what problems they are facing while they are applying it and how they cope with it. Six public junior high school teachers in Yun-lin County are chosen as the study participants. The pieces of information are collected through semi-structured in-depth interview and the content analysis is conducted on the ten selected examples of “Positive Discipline Policy all around the campus in the school year 2010” held by the Ministry of Education. Based on the analysis results, the following conclusions are reached. Before the policy, teachers may use corporal punishment to manage their students and the conflict is seen between the teachers and the students. However, the teacher-and-student relationship is improved after the policy is implemented as teachers manage their students by the means of positive discipline and implant more love. The students’ misbehaviors are improved and that brought teachers and students into harmony. Though the frustration is there, teachers still hold positive view toward the policy. There are well-done backups and the assisting and consulting resources are offered in and out of school. On the other hand, the teachers also suggest some side measures for good: giving disobedient students alternative punishments, giving teachers more room and flexibility while disciplining based on their profession and implement down-to-earth moral education. Furthermore, now they are confronting some problems and dilemmas: the speed of practical change on students’ misbehaviors seems slower than it is expected to be, the teachers are frustrated from time to time while disciplining the naughty ones and the phenomenon of performance difference is seen because of different ways of teachers’ demanding.
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(11166954), Kuan-Sheng Wu. "THE QUALITY AND IMPACT OF PUBLIC OPINION IN A VULNERABLE DEMOCRACY: THE TAIWANESE CASE." Thesis, 2021.
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This dissertation focuses on the intersection of foreign policy, public opinion, and domestic politics in Taiwan, a relatively young democracy under persistent threat. It examines the influence of a variety of internal political forces on Taiwanese foreign policy and employs various methodologies. The dissertation contributes to the scant literature of weak state political behavior in political science. It sheds light on the nuances missing in research that focuses on major powers. Substantively, it integrates a variety of subfields including international relations, public opinion, public support for war, and Taiwan studies.Drawing from original surveys of activists and elites, the first study examines how public opinion on the Sunflower Movement, a nationwide movement led mostly by students, shaped the decisions of political leaders who were negotiating a major trade pact with China. The central finding from this case is that in some circumstances, public opinion could outweigh the importance of political factors such as elite rivalry in influencing the decision-making of political elites. The second study analyzes mass opinions regarding a hypothetical armed conflict with China. I find that generations, neglected in existing war support literature, play an essential role in shaping popular support for this conflict. Finally, I develop a novel theory of diversionary foreign policy pursued by asymmetrically weak states. Here, I show how Taiwanese leaders use aggressive foreign policy toward China to divert from domestic problems and garner public support. The major theoretical claims are that weak state leaders, for various reasons, often would use different types of diversionary tactics compared to their counterparts in major powers.
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Paul-Shaheen, Pamela. "Exploring the dimensions of state policymaking--a health care perspective a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68798805.html.
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Andrew, Colwell. "Barriers to affordable housing for mental health service users : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany Campus, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1153.
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Housing is both a social issue and a determinant for well being and is an integral component of social policy. The research specifically looked at the barriers for mental health service users to accessing affordable housing. Previous studies have identified affordability, lack of choice and discrimination as specific issues in relation to people with mental illness and housing. While previous studies focussed on housing affordability in relation to the individual, this research considered the barriers to affordable housing for mental health service users in relation to the capitalist structure of society. The research utilised a Marxist theoretical perspective that views housing in terms of the social structures of society and the relationship to class. This approach was supported by the social model of disability, a social construct where those with disabilities are oppressed by the social structures of society. Another element of the research provided a history of government housing policy in New Zealand. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to collect data which consisted of statistical information and information gained from interviews with the relevant participants. Analysis from a Marxist perspective explained, from the findings, that there are systemic barriers in accessing affordable housing for mental health service users within a capitalist system. From the findings, the social model of disability explained that there are structural disadvantages for mental health service users that result in barriers to accessing affordable housing. An analysis of the history of government housing policy in New Zealand, which has continually promoted the commodification of housing, also explained from the findings that there are systemic barriers to accessing affordable housing for mental health service users within a capitalist system.
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Yao, Yee, and 姚宜. "The Study of Policy Information Commitment for Undergraduates Major in Public Administration Discipline—the Case of an University in Northern Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jqp9kw.
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碩士世新大學
行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
104
During the past decade, the wide spread usage of internet (web-based) technology has dramatically changed the relationship between governments and citizens, and as a result become the prime focus of educational researchers. Yet, none of the existing researches touch on the information seeking behaviors of students major in public administration and related fields despite that students nowadays tend to learn public policy via internet. Therefore, based on previous researcher’s work on information commitment, particularly Tsai(2005)’s framework, the author hopes to explore whether internet(web-based) self-efficacy positively predicts evaluative standards and searching strategy and what are the factors affecting searching strategy by administering survey aimed at PA undergraduate students in one university. The moderating effect of internet self-efficacy on these relationships was also examined. The main research results are as follows: 1.Most PA-related undergraduates have higher internet efficacy. 2.Advanced evaluative criteria for policy information of the respondents can positively predict their elaboration searching strategy in policy information. 3.The sub-dimension of internet self-efficacy of the respondents can positively predict their evaluative criteria and searching strategy. 4.Internet self-efficacy positively and significantly affects the relationship between advanced evaluative standards and elaboration searching strategy. 【Keywords】: public administration, web-based technology, internet self-efficacy, information commitment, evaluative standard, searching strategy
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Matsebele, Selina Patricia. "The effect of national education policies on learner discipline and academic performance of schools in the Tshwane South district : a focus on school discipline policy." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26477.
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The study was limited to three national education policies, which were the teacherlearner ratio policy, teacher workload policy and learner discipline policy. The
problem was the learner moral decay, which was conspicuous to the public who saw
learners all over the school grounds during contact time, along streets strolling to
their schools without showing any remorse long after schools had started at 8h00.
Poor academic performance in public secondary schools in the Tshwane South
District is a cause for concern, whereby one of the schools in Tshwane South had
only 6% of learners passing in 2018 out of 300 in Grade 8, and the rest were
progressed. Qualitative methodology was used, and one-on-one interviews were
conducted to collect data from the SGBs, SMTs and teachers of five poorly
performing schools in the district. The study revealed that the incorrect development
and implementation of the new national education policies had a negative impact on
learner discipline and academic performance. The classrooms were overcrowded
which meant the teacher-learner ratio and teacher workload were high. The learners
and the parents were not provided with the Code of Conduct, and some teachers
never read the education policies and did not know that the Code of Conduct is an
alternative policy to the corporal punishment policy.
Consequently, learners who misbehave and are under the leadership of COSAS
defy it because they are aware that teachers are ignorant of the correct procedure to
enhance the Code of Conduct implementation. This implies that any case against the
learners was considered unprocedural and nullified. It became evident that the
Department of Basic Education needed to invest even more in education to deal with
the issue of overcrowding by deploying more teachers and teacher assistants. The
intervention was also necessary to equip stakeholders with skills in the adoption and
implementation of national education policies. The intervention should empower the
SGBs to develop and adopt the Code of Conduct correctly, teachers to maintain
discipline with confidence and effectively to improve academic performance. As well
as the powerful tools for planning correctly by the SMT to involve policy authorities
for stakeholders’ development. The implementation of the teacher-learner ratio
policy, teacher workload policy and learner discipline policies required monitoring,
and to be reviewed if necessary, to avoid disparity between policy and practice.Thuto ye e akareditšwe ka melawana e meraro ya thuto ya naga, lenaneo la ditekanyetšo ya barutiši le barutwana, lenaneo la mešomo la barutiši le lenaneo la maitshwaro la baithuti. Thuto ye e dira dinyakišišo mabapi le maitshwaro a go phuhlama a baithuti: barutwana ba ba kantle ga diphapuši tša bona ka nako ya thuto, ebile go nale setlwaedi sa go fihla ka morago ga nako sekolong. Se se hlola dipoelo tša go se kgotsofatše dithutong tše di phagamego seleteng sa borwa bja Tshwane, gomme se ke tlhobaboroko. Mohlala, dikolong tsa borwa bja Tshwane, ke diperesente tše tshela fela tša baithuti ba mphato wa seswai go ba makgolo a mararo bao ba phasitšego ka noši ngwageng wa ketepedi lesome seswai, mola ba bangwe ba fitišitšwe. Thuto ye e šomiša mokgwa wa di nyakišišo wa khwaliteitifi, mme dintlha di kgobokantšwe ka go šomiša molawana wa go botšiša dipotšišo thwii, re lebelelane ka mahlong go dihlopha tša go buša dikolo (SGBs), dihlopha tša taolo ya dikolo (SMTs) le go tšwa go barutiši ba dikolo tše hlano tša go se šome gabotse seleteng seo. Thuto ye e tšweletša gore go hloka tšweletšo ya maleba le tšhomišo mpe ya melawana e meswa ya thuto ya naga e nale khuetšo e mpe taolong ya baithuti le mešomong ya sekolo. Palo e kgolo ya barutwana diphapušing e baka morwalo o boima go barutiši. Baithuti le batswadi ga ba fiwe Melao ya sekolo ya maitswaro, gomme barutiši ba bangwe le bona ga senke ba ipha nako ya go bala melawana ya thuto ebile ga ba tsebe gore melao ya maitšhwaro ke mokgwa o mongwe wa go fapana le kotlo ya go betha. Ka lebaka leo, baithuti bao ba sa itshwarego gabotse ebile ba huetšwa ke COSAS ba nyatša melao ya maitšwaro gobane ba lemogile gore barutiši ba hlokomologile mokgwa wo o nepagetšego wa go matlafatša tšhomišo ya maleba ya melao ye. Se se bolela gore kgafetša kgafetša melato kgahlanong le barutwana e tšewa okare ga se ya maleba ebile e phošagetše. Go molaleng gore Lefapha la Thuto ya motheo le hloka go lokiša taba ya go tlala ga barutwana ka diphapušing ka go thwala barutiši bao ba lekaneng le bathuši ba barutiši. Go tsea karolo go thuša batšeakarolo ka tsebo ya go amogela le go šomisa melawana ya thuto ya naga gwa hlokega. Se se ka matlafatša dihlopha tša go buša dikolo go amogela le go šomiša Melao ya maitswaro ka nepo, ele ge barutiši ba holega ka go netefatša maitshwaro ama botse le go kaonafatša dipoelo tša thuto ya barutwana. Dipoelo di hlagiša gore lenaneo la tekanyo ya barutiši le barutwana, lenaneo la mešomo la barutiši le lenaneo la maitshwaro la baithuti di hloka go hlokomelwa le go lekolwa, gomme moo go hlokegago e hlahlobje gore go efošwe thulano magareng ga lenaneo tshepedišo le tiragatšo ya lenaneo leo.
Hierdie ondersoek word beperk tot drie nasionale onderwysbeleide: die beleid op die onderwyser-leerder-verhouding, die beleid op onderwyserwerkslading en die beleid op leerderdissipline. Die navorsing ondersoek wat meestal beskou word as die morele agteruitgang van die leerder: leerders is gedurende kontaktyd buite die klaskamer en daar is gedurige laatkommery. Die kommerwekkende gevolge hiervan is swak akademiese prestasie in openbare sekondêre skole in die TshwaneSuiddistrik. By een skool in Tshwane-Suid het byvoorbeeld slegs 6% uit 300 Graad 8 leerders in 2018 geslaag, terwyl die res oorgeplaas is. Die ondersoek maak gebruik van ’n kwalitatiewe metodologie, en data is ingesamel in een-tot-een onderhoude met lede van die skoolbeheerliggame (SBL’e), skoolbestuurspanne (SBS’e) en onderwysers van vyf swak presterende skole in die distrik. Die navorsing toon dat die onvoldoende ontwikkeling en implementering van nuwe nasionale onderwysbeleid ’n negatiewe uitwerking op leerders se dissipline en akademiese prestasie het. Die hoë onderwyser-leerder-verhouding in oorvol klaskamers het vir onderwysers ’n hoë werkslading tot gevolg. Leerders en ouers word nie van ’n Gedragskode voorsien nie, en sommige onderwysers het nog nooit die onderwysbeleid gelees nie en weet nie dat die Gedragskode ’n alternatief vir die lyfstrafbeleid is nie. Leerders wat hul wangedra en deur COSAS beïnvloed word, minag gevolglik die Gedragskode omdat hulle bewus is dat onderwysers oningelig is oor die juiste prosedure ter bevordering van dié kode. Dit beteken dat sake teen leerders dikwels as prosessueel ongeldig beskou word en nietig verklaar word. Dit is duidelik dat die Departement van Basiese Onderwys aandag moet bestee aan die kwessie van oorvol klaskamers deur meer onderwysers en onderwysassistente aan te stel. Ingryping is ook nodig om belanghebbendes toe te rus met vaardighede vir die ingebruikneming en implementering van nasionale onderwysbeleide. So ’n ingreep sal SBL’e bemagtig om die Gedragskode korrek te ontwikkel en aan te neem, waardeur onderwysers bygestaan sal word in die handhawing van dissipline en die verbetering van akademiese prestasie. Die bevindinge dui aan dat die implementering van die beleide op onderskeidelik die onderwyser-leerder-verhouding, die onderwyserwerklading en leerderdissipline monitering en, waar nodig, hersiening vereis ten einde skeiding tussen die beleid en die praktyk te vermy.
Educational Management and Leadership
M. Ed. (Educational Management)
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Madgeskind, Sharon Mary. "Motivation for change in the discipline of children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1333.
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Since becoming the first English speaking country to legislate against the physical discipline of children in 2007, there has been much debate in New Zealand for and against the parental practice of smacking. For some it has meant a welcome amendment to legislation that protects the human rights of children, for others it raises fears that parents can be criminalised for smacking their children and that the rights of parents to discipline their child, as they see fit, are being eroded. Working for an organisation that fully supports the Amendment to Section 59 of the Crimes Act, 1961 and that promotes the human rights of children; the motivating factors that encourage a parent to stop the practice of physically disciplining their child became of interest to the researcher for this thesis. Ten participants, who had used physical discipline and who had made a decision to stop the practice, were recruited to take part in a qualitative study. The data collected was analysed through a thematic analysis process using five motivational contexts found in previous research on the topic. The five contexts were experiential, relational, biographical, regulatory and ideological (Davis, 1999). The findings of the research for this thesis concur with the previous research and add further information about the motivating factors. The findings also identify the strategies that parents have found useful to achieve success in their endeavour to change their disciplinary practice. Furthermore the importance of and the distinction between the human rights of the child and parental rights have been highlighted.
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Williams, Robert Melvin. "The costs of emergency department services dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=JsdBAAAAMAAJ.
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Weston, Richard Clarke. "The legislative politics of appropriations for biomedical research a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=XkpBAAAAMAAJ.
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Muliadiredja, Emy Perdanahari. "Indonesian energy policy pathways : from past trends to future alternatives : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University, Palmerston North." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1605.
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The main achievement of this thesis has been the development of an operational system dynamics model of the Indonesian energy system. This model attempts to integrate a wide range of data so that policy-makers can understand the connections between economic, environmental and energy policy objectives. This is the first such model to be developed for Indonesia, building on previous modelling efforts that have been restricted to regression-based forecasting and optimisation modelling. The first part of the thesis provides a systematic analysis of background data, information and the context for the model development. These chapters review the historical and political context of energy developments in Indonesia; review past energy policies as well as emerging energy policy objectives; analyse the determinants of energy demand (by regression and divisia decomposition methods) and review energy supply options. The regression analysis concluded that GDP and household income had the most significant effect on energy demand. The effect of fuel price rises, on the other hand, did not exert a significant effect on energy demand. The divisia decomposition method found that, over the entire Indonesian economy, technical change was found to give a greater contribution to energy efficiency improvements (as measured by the energy:GDP ratio) than structural changes. The system dynamics model was developed and validated using the extensive data collected, refined and analysed in the first part of the thesis. The model consisted of an economic module (17 sector input-output model), energy demand module, electric power module, heat and transport fuel module, primary energy supply module and an environmental module. Five scenarios were developed from this model in order to analyse possible energy development pathways for Indonesia, over the 1998-2020 period. These scenarios reflected five themes Business-as-Usual, Environmentally Beneficial, Economic Efficiency, Self-Sufficiency and Balancing Trade-Offs. These scenarios were assessed using a number of policy evaluation criteria to measure various energy, economic and environmental policy objectives. All of these scenarios indicated that Indonesia's energy demand and hence CO2 emissions will grow significantly over the scenario period, even if Indonesia introduces some quite stringent polices to restrict these trends - eg, CO2 emissions are expected to increase by 189% under the 'Business-as-Usual' scenario; and even though they can be reduced to a 85% increase under the 'Environmentally Beneficial' scenario, this is still a significant and somewhat alarming increase in CO2 emissions. The scenarios also highlighted the trade-offs between different sets of policy objectives as an aid to energy planning and policy-making. Finally, further areas of research that could improve the model and its use were identified: improving the data on energy supply and demand (particularly the end-use characterisation), endogenise the economic growth dynamics into the model rather than depending on regression analysis, possibly converting the input-output structure into a computable general equilibrium model, including more sectoral detail, making the model at least partly spatially-specific, and investigating more participatory approaches for further developing the model so as to enhance its uptake.
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Gebbie, Kristine M. "Creation of a new health department in Washington State organizational and political forces : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68798514.html.
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McDonough, John E. "Interests and ideas in health policy the fate of hospital rate setting in four states : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=fDYoAAAAMAAJ.
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Surbakti, Indra Murty. "Labour standards under decentralisation and globalisation : the impact of the minimum wage policy in West Java, Indonesia : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1608.
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This study explores the importance of the minimum wage policy in West Java, Indonesia, within the overall framework of development and in the face of globalisation and decentralisation. A holistic approach to the minimum wage policy is applied. Generally, the study assesses the impact of decentralized minimum wage fixing processes on employment and participation of trade unions. In addition, it explores whether the minimum wage policy assists workers in coping with the negative effects of globalisation. It also explores the link between minimum wages and decent work. This study reveals that while there is some evidence of employment losses due to increases in wage levels in West Java, it did not find conclusive evidence that minimum wage levels were the main factor responsible for the employment decline. It is likely that a combination of factors such as a decrease in global demand for Indonesian manufacturing products and the current macro-economic conditions in the country, are also responsible for the employment decline. This study finds that the process of minimum wage fixing at local level has a positive impact on trade union participation in wage bargaining. The empowerment of trade unions through new legislation has enabled independent trade unions to flourish, which allows workers to join any trade unions. Consequently, minimum wage bargaining at district/city level is more dynamic than the centralized system of minimum wage bargaining in the past. Trade unions are able to express their views on what the minimum wage levels should be. Moreover, the minimum wage fixing processes at local level have the potential to promote decent work. The minimum wage fixing processes are an alternative to wage bargaining and can accommodate even sectors where trade unions are least active or non-existent. The minimum wage processes at district/city level are already established and they are in position to expand to a wider framework of providing welfare for workers. However, decent work objectives will not be achieved without the full cooperation of both central and local governments. Under the current decentralisation process, where central and local government views are still not in agreement, it is difficult to see how decent work can be applied nationally. Thus, the minimum wage policy and trade union development are important in the overall development paradigm. Both ensure the existence of a rights based approach to development where workers are given rights to organize as well as earn a basic living. Nevertheless, the development of trade unions in developing countries is under threat from flexibilisation of the workplace in which jobs have become less and less secure. The minimum wage policy, however, is still viable because it covers all types of workers. At the very least, minimum wages provide a safety net wage that can prevent real wages from falling. The writer suggests that more studies should be conducted on the extent and effectiveness of trade union participation in minimum wage bargaining. In addition, further studies should be conducted on the effect of minimum wages and trade unions on non-standard or flexible workers. Flexible workers, whether they are fixed-term contract and outsourced workers, are becoming an important part of the global labour market and increasingly pose a challenge to the increasingly important role of trade unions in developing countries.
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Shipp, Melvin Douglas. "Vision testing policies for driver licensure renewal benefit or barrier? : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=rSQoAAAAMAAJ.
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Vicente, Ria S. "Evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the regional procurement service depots in the Philippines : a case of region 1 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/835.
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The focus of this research is to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of recent procurement reform done by the Government of the Philippines, particularly the centralized procurement system for common-use supplies, materials, and equipment. The centralized procurement system is adopted with the intent of taking advantage of the savings inherent to bulk purchasing, streamlining procurement procedures, and reducing opportunities for corruption in the procurement of the abovementioned items. By legislative authority under Republic Act No. 9184, the centralized procurement system was made mandatory among all government agencies, government owned and controlled corporations and local government units in the purchase of their supplies, materials and equipment requirements. With the introduction of tighter budget and the stronger pressure for good governance, the contributions of procurement policy and institutions of procurements to the achievement of good governance and potential relation to development has been gaining global recognition. Given the association of procurement to the way public money is spent, the issue on corruption is also central to this research. There has been a growing recognition of the relationship between corruption and development – the more corrupt a country is, the more underdeveloped it becomes. With the daunting task of battling against corruption, the country’s strategy is to direct its efforts in combating corruption in specific areas, like public procurement. This thesis demonstrates that the centralized procurement system offers a significant reduction in processing times in the conduct of procurement. Additionally, it offers opportunities for savings generation with the cheaper prices of goods and the reduction of administrative cost associated with procurement. More over, it provides a procurement framework where opportunities for administrative corruption are reduced. This leads to the conclusion that the centralized procurement system is efficient in that it reduces administrative processing time and concomitant costs. This, in the long run, will benefit the procuring entities and ultimately the tax payers. However, the emphasis placed on achieving administrative savings is at the expense of other measures of effectiveness such as quality of goods being supplied and the quality of services being extended to client agencies. Moreover, the lack of effective inventory and control system may pave the way to greater waste. Without an effective inventory and control system as well as an improved quality control system, the centralized procurement system that works faster and cheaper may not be better after all.
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Indreswari, Meidyah. "Corporate governance in the Indonesian state-owned enterprises : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1510.
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Concern regarding corporate governance is a new phenomenon in Indonesia. It became apparent in the business community when the economic crisis hit the country in 1997. Due to its recent recognition, it appears that very little is known about corporate governance in Indonesia and there has been no academic study conducted on corporate governance in the Indonesian Stateowned Enterprises (ISOEs) despite the fact that their performance is closely linked to the development of the country. The main objectives of this study are two-fold: first is to examine corporate governance systems and the roles of the Boards of ISOEs; and second is to assess the effectiveness of government initiatives in improving corporate governance practices in ISOEs. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative analysis was derived from numerical data obtained from government reports and other public documents. The qualitative analysis was based on the results of in-depth interviews with key individuals and other sources such as public opinions published in the mass media. Several key findings were obtained from the results of this study. Firstly, the study found that using agency theory to explain the relationships between the agents and the principals was more problematic in ISOEs than those in private enterprises. This is because an ISOE is a loose coalition of various agents with no real owner. Consequently. agency theory, if it is used to redefine the relationships among parties in ISOEs. should be approached at two different levels. At the micro level the agency theory examines the agent-principal relationships among the ISOE management, the Boards and the government-the corporate governance tripod. At the macro level it examines the agent-principal relationships between the corporate governance tripod and the ISOEs stakeholders (the public, labour unions, politicians in the People's Representative Assembly and others). Secondly, the results of this study confirm the results of previous studies which found that Boards in SOEs were largely ineffective. To enhance Boards' effectiveness, this study suggests that as a quasi-owner the government needs to reduce its intervention in ISOEs' operations and empower the Boards by establishing employee representation on the Board. In addition, Board training and assessment should be a mandatory in the ISOEs. Thirdly, this study found that the initiatives on corporate governance carried out by the Indonesian government had been ineffective due to the lack of incentives, lack of commitment and consistency, lack of understanding of corporate governance and unclear programmes. Here, the key factor required to enhance effectiveness is strong-willed commitment of the government and ISOE management. Lastly, other factors such as culture, public governance and law enforcement have a great influence in the process of attaining good corporate governance practices. Therefore, there should be joint efforts among parties in the public sector to ensure that good corporate governance is achieved in conjunction with the attainment of good public governance.
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Kerslake, Maria Talaitupu. "Maloafua : structural adjustment programmes : the case of Samoa : a thesis submitted to Massey University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Sociology Programme, School of Social and Cultural Studies, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1423.
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Structural adjustment programmes have been promoted globally by international financial institutions as an answer to the financial problems of developing countries like Samoa. This thesis is a study of the history of structural adjustment programmes in the Independent State of Samoa, and focuses specifically on a case study of one particular programme: the restructuring and privatisation of the former Public Works Department (PWD). It seeks to compare the claims made for the reform process by development economists, development consultants and planners, politicians and reform managers, with the experiences of those who were involved in various roles in a particular type of reform: the privatisation of a Government utility. The PWD was chosen by the Samoan Government to kick-start its institutional reform programme. The Department had, over the years, suffered from poor management, corrupt practices, overspending and unaccounted funds which were all revealed in an Auditor General's Report tabled in Parliament in Samoa in 1994. This caused great embarrassment to the Government which had then to respond to these accusations. Government saw the reform of the PWD as a means to respond to public criticism of its lack of oversight, and discontent with the standard of the department's services in public works, institutional construction, repair and maintenance programmes. The study used a case study methodology to interview the people that were involved in the privatisation of the old Public Works Department (PWD). Various people who were, and are still, involved in the process of reforming Government institutions were interviewed. These included the politicians who both advocated and opposed the implementation of the reforms, the consultants who managed them for the Government and international agencies, and employees at all levels of the former Public Works Department. It explored PWD employees' personal and institutional experiences of the period before, during and since the reform of the agency. Despite the propaganda on the benefits that reform programmes have for the countries that implement them, the study has revealed different findings. It identifies and examines some important differences between the claims made by various stakeholders about the reforms, and the experiences of those who were directly involved in various ways. It has shown that people in different positions have different experiences of the same programmes, and that their experiences are significantly influenced by their social location and, specifically, whether they are "insiders" or "outsiders." It concludes by suggesting that since the structural reform project is likely to continue in Samoa for the foreseeable future, it is useful to identify those lessons from the PWD privatisation which might be applied to future projects to mitigate their social and organisational impact.
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Butler, Patricia A. "Medicaid HMO enrollees in the emergency room use of non-emergency care : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Health Policy) ... /." 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=PysoAAAAMAAJ.
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Dittmer, David Mark. "The clockwork lahar : examining issues management in a New Zealand public service context : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Management in Communication Management at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/803.
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Issues management has been practised over the past 30 years. However, the literature has focused on how corporations manage issues, while public service organisations have been ignored. This study looked at the issues management of a tephra dam-break lahar from 1996-2007 on Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand by a group of public service organisations. 19 interviews were conducted with people involved with the management of the ‘lahar issue’ to find out how the issue was managed. Further a content analysis of 309 articles from five newspapers, spanning the full eleven year period, was conducted to examine the salience (attention) given to the issue, the frames commonly used to present the issue and the sources who ‘drove’ the issue. The data from the content analysis was interpreted to create a five-stage lifecycle of the ‘lahar issue’. Further, data from the interviews was compared with a summary process of the issue management process. This comparison showed that five issues management process stages were employed to manage the ‘lahar issue’ although they were not referred to as such. Initially, the Department of Conservation consulted stakeholders during the development of options to deal with the lahar (1996-1999). Later in the lahar’s management, lahar stakeholders fell into two categories: internal - those involved with the mitigation and response - and external - the public. Internal stakeholders were communicated with through meetings and email. External stakeholders were communicated with through local media, presentations and meetings. Overall, it was concluded that media gave substantial attention to the lahar issue over the eleven year period. Some of those involved with managing the ‘lahar issue’ were able to identify the phases of media coverage. Further, this study identified ten frames that media employed when reporting the lahar. The most-frequently used frames were those focusing on the response (lahar response), describing the lahar (diagnosing causes of problem(s)) and discussing the potential impacts from a lahar (definition of problem(s)). Department of Conservation Scientist, Dr Harry Keys, was shown to be a primary definer – an influential source. The results suggest he defined coverage because of his status as both an official source, due to the organisation he was associated with, and also as an authoritative source due to his role as a scientist. Further, he was regularly drawn upon as a source over the entire period of the ‘lahar issue’ coverage.