Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Physics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Physics"
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Simon, Josep. "Writing the Discipline." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 392–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2016.46.3.392.
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The historiography of physics has reached a great degree of maturity and sophistication, providing many avenues to consider the making of science from a historical perspective. However, the big picture of the making of physics is characterized by a predominant narrative focused on a conception of disciplinary formation through leadership transfers in research among France, Germany, and Britain. This focus has provided the history of physics with a periodization, a geography, and a fundamental goal commonly considered to be conceptual and theoretical unification. In this paper, I suggest the interest of reassessing this picture by analyzing the temporal, national, and epistemological viewpoint from which it is written. I use for this purpose an exemplary case study: Adolphe Ganot’s physics textbooks in France and their translation by Edmund Atkinson in England. In this context, I suggest future avenues for the study of the making of physics as a discipline, which consider the canonical role of textbooks in disciplinary formation beyond the Kuhnian paradigm.
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Amjad, Tehmina, and Ayesha Ali. "Uncovering diffusion trends in computer science and physics publications." Library Hi Tech 37, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 794–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2018-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to trace the knowledge diffusion patterns between the publications of top journals of computer science and physics to uncover the knowledge diffusion trends. Design/methodology/approach The degree of information flow between the disciplines is a measure of entropy and received citations. The entropy gives the uncertainty in the citation distribution of a journal; the more a journal is involved in spreading information or affected by other journals, its entropy increases. The citations from outside category give the degree of inter-disciplinarity index as the percentage of references made to papers of another discipline. In this study, the topic-related diffusion across computer science and physics scholarly communication network is studied to examine how the same research topic is studied and shared across disciplines. Findings For three indicators, Shannon entropy, citations outside category (COC) and research keywords, a global view of information flow at the journal level between both disciplines is obtained. It is observed that computer science mostly cites knowledge published in physics journals as compared to physics journals that cite knowledge within the field. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that traces knowledge diffusion trends between computer science and physics publications at journal level using entropy, COC and research keywords.
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Sneddon, Peter, Erin Ferguson, and Eric Yao. "Why do students decide to stop studying physics?" Open Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 2, no. 1 (October 20, 2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56230/osotl.22.
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Each year, many students opt to study physics at higher education level in the UK – at the University of Glasgow, this number is around 180. A small number of these students, though, choose to leave this area after only one year. Over two academic years (2018-2019 and 2019-2020), there were 16 students such students. The work presented here explores the reasons why they left. Whilst the structure of degrees at UofG allows for students to make such a change, it was important to understand why students would choose to make such a significant change in case it pointed to negative factors in the way the course was being delivered. A study of literature found five main broad factors that influenced the decisions of students to change degree topic: content of course (including how it was delivered), gender stereotypes, peers and the wider university community, salary and job opportunities, and staff. These areas were explored in interviews and emails. It was found that course content and job prospects played a stronger role in influencing the students’ decisions than the other factors. Positives in other disciplines, and poor communication of the positives within physics, contributed to the students’ decisions. Similar issues may exist in any discipline; therefore, a better understanding of these motivating factors will allow us to improve our teaching and advising provisions to ensure that no-one is unnecessarily lost from a particular path.
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Watson, Don, Manfred Krug, and Claus-Christian Carbon. "The relationship between citations and the linguistic traits of specific academic discourse communities identified by using social network analysis." Scientometrics 127, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1755–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04287-9.
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AbstractFor a research article (RA) to be accepted, not only for publication, but also by its readers, it must display proficiency in the content, methodologies and discourse conventions of its specific discipline. While numerous studies have investigated the linguistic characteristics of different research disciplines, none have utilised Social Network Analysis techniques to identify communities prior to analysing their language use. This study aims to investigate the language use of three highly specific research communities in the fields of Psychology, Physics and Sports Medicine. We were interested in how these language features are related to the total number of citations, the eigencentrality within the community and the intra-network citations of the individual RAs. Applying Biber’s Multidimensional Analysis approach, a total of 771 RA abstracts published between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. We evaluated correlations between one of three network characteristics (citations, eigencentrality and in-degree), the corpora’s dimensions and 72 individual language features. The pattern of correlations suggest that features cited by other RAs within the discourse community network are in almost all cases different from those that are cited by RAs from outside the network. This finding highlights the challenges of writing for both a discipline-specific and a wider audience.
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Katzir, Shaul. "Introduction: Physics, Technology, and Technics during the Interwar Period." Science in Context 31, no. 3 (September 2018): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889718000273.
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Historians, philosophers, and physicists portray the 1920s and 1930s as a period of major theoretical breakthrough in physics, quantum mechanics, which led to the expansion of physics into the core of the atom and the growth and strengthening of the discipline. These important developments in scientific inquiry into the micro-world and light have turned historical attention away from other significant historical processes and from other equally important causes for the expansion of physics. World War II, on the other hand, is often seen as the watershed moment when physics achieved new levels of social and technical engagement at a truly industrial scale. Historians have shown that military interests and government funding have shaped physics to unprecedented degree, and according to some, to the extent of discontinuity with earlier practices of research (Forman 1987; Kevles 1990; Kaiser 2002). In this vein, Stuart Leslie wrote, “Nothing in the prewar experience fully prepared academic scientists and their institutions for the scale and scope of a wartime mobilization that would transform the university, industry, and the federal government and their mutual interrelationships” (Leslie 1993, 6). While one can never befullyready for novelties, the contributors to this issue show that developments in interwar physics did prepare participants for their cold war interactions with industry and government.
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Madesis, I., A. Lagoyannis, M. Axiotis, T. J. Mertzimekis, M. Andrianis, E. P. Benis, S. Harissopulos, and T. J. M. Zouros. "APAPES - Atomic Physics with Accelerators: Projectile Electron Spectroscopy." HNPS Proceedings 21 (March 8, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2022.
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The only existing heavy-ion accelerator in Greece, the 5.5 MV TANDEM at the National Research Center “Demokritos” in Athens has been used to date primarily for investigations centering around nuclear physics. Here, we propose to establish the new (for Greece) discipline of Atomic Physics with Accelerators, a strong field in the EU with important contributions to fusion, hot plasmas, astrophysics, accelerator technology and basic atomic physics of ion-atom collision dynamics, structure and technology. This will be accomplished by combining the existing interdisciplinary atomic collisions expertise from three Greek universities, the strong support of distinguished foreign researchers and the high technical ion-beam know-how of the TANDEM group into a cohesive initiative.Using the technique of Zero-degree Auger Projectile Spectroscopy (ZAPS), we shall complete a much needed systematic isoelectronic investigation of K-Auger spectra emitted from collisions of pre-excited ions with gas targets using novel techniques. Our results are expected to lead to a deeper understanding of the neglected importance of cascade feeding of metastable states [1] in collisions of ions with gas targets and further elucidate their role in the non-statistical production of excited three-electron states by electron capture, recently a field of conflicting interpretations awaiting further resolution.
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Lercari, Diego. "Analysis of three decades of research in marine sciences in Uruguay through mapping of science and bibliometric indexes." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue1-fulltext-2584.
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Uruguay has recently expanded its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), having more aquatic sovereignty than terrestrial territories. In this country, various State institutions have carried out the study of marine science for several decades, but their academic development has not been analyzed. The formal evaluation of scientific research represents a crucial opportunity to define long-term policies requiring greater knowledge of the territory and its resources. In this context, this work carries out a systematic and quantitative review of Uruguay authors' international publications over three decades. The productivity indicators trend is evaluated concerning context variables, predominant research topics are identified, and collaboration networks are characterized. We collected and analyzed data on marine science articles in which an author or co-author is affiliated to an institution in Uruguay from 1990 to 2018 using the Scopus database. It was found that scientific activity measured by a bibliographic analysis showed an increase in the number of articles, authors, and research topics but nowadays show signs of stagnation. Moreover, specific indicators show a great degree of centralism (institutional and authorial), low dynamism, and decreased international collaboration. The largest academic capacities are focused in specific biological disciplines, with little physics and almost nil in geology and chemistry. Decentralization and strengthening sectorial funding for marine science will boost Uruguay's discipline for facing future challenges.
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Díaz de Delgado, Graciela. "Teaching Crystallography in Latin America." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086197.
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Crystallography in Latin American seems to have started in the mid 1930s after the pioneering work of Ernesto Galloni, in Argentina. Since then, Crystallography was associated with undergraduate research and conducted in Departments or Institutes of Physics and Chemistry and later in Molecular Biology and Materials Science Departments. Most undergraduate degree programs required carrying out a research project for one or two semesters, writing a thesis, and making a public presentation of the work before a committee. Even after graduate degree programs started and began to consolidate, undergraduate degree research in Crystallography maintains its importance. The expertise and dedication of many Latin American crystallographers, most of whom graduated or visited important academic institutions in Europe and the US, created the foundations of our discipline in the region. For instance, after a work visit paid to Prof. B.E. Warren (MIT), Dr. Carlos Graef Fernández organized and taught the landmark course "Rayos X y Física Cristalográfica", at UNAM (Mexico) in 1947. Since then, the efforts of distinguished crystallographers, such as Galloni, Cano Corona, Fabregat Guinchard, Witke, Caticha-Ellis, Becka, Mascarehnas, among others, with support from UNESCO, IUCr, TWAS, and other institutions, helped to establish the tradition of teaching crystallography. In numerous courses, Ewald, Buerger, Hauptman, Karle, Woolfson and other prominent crystallographers participated as instructors. Many crystallographers helped to establish laboratories outside their countries of origin. In 1967, Amzel, Becka, and Baggio, worked at UCV, in Caracas, Venezuela, supervising undergraduate degree thesis based on crystallographic work. Later, Eldrys de Gil, after graduation from UCV, founded the Crystallography Laboratory of ULA (Mérida, Venezuela) which this year celebrates its 45 anniversary. An overview of key recent educational events and modern practices in Latin America will be presented.
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Фоминых, Светлана Олеговна, and Татьяна Александровна Петрушкина. "SOME ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AT FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHYSICS." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 2(111) (July 7, 2021): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2021.111.2.028.
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Профессиональная компетентность учителя физики является основой для успешной передачи предметных знаний учащимся вне зависимости от избранной формы преподавания. Всесторонняя осведомленность в данной предметной области позволит учителю самостоятельно решать разнообразные задачи, разрабатывать и применять методические приемы исходя из возникшей дидактической ситуации и особенностей учащихся. В настоящей статье был проанализирован процесс формирования профессиональной компетентности будущего учителя физики с целью определения его ключевых особенностей, условий, способствующих его ускорению, а также возможных трудностей, с которыми может столкнуться практикующий специалист, стремящийся повысить собственную компетентность в области преподаваемой дисциплины. С учетом вышесказанного в статье приведена характеристика структуры профессиональной компетентности учителя физики. С этой целью в статье были представлены краткие результаты эмпирического исследования, проведенного среди студентов физико-математического факультета, направленного на определение степени сформированности профессиональной компетнтности. Заключительные выводы содержат описание уровневой характеристики профессиональной компетентности будущего учителя физики. Таким образом, профессиональная компетентность будущего учителя физики есть интегрированная способность личности педагога-физика. Professional competence of a Physics teacher is the basis for the successful transfer of subject knowledge to students regardless of the chosen form of teaching. Comprehensive awareness in this subject area will allow the teacher to independently solve various problems, develop and apply methodological techniques based on the didactic situation that has arisen and the characteristics of the students. In this article, the process of formation of professional competence of a future Physics teacher was analyzed in order to determine its key features, conditions contributing to its acceleration, as well as possible difficulties that a practicing specialist who seeks to improve his own competence in the field of the taught discipline may face. Taking into account the above, the article presents the characteristics of the structure of the professional competence of a Physics teacher. For this purpose, the article presents brief results of an empirical study conducted among students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, aimed at determining the degree of formation of professional competence. The final conclusions contain a description of the level characteristics of the professional competence of a future Physics teacher. Thus, the professional competence of a future Physics teacher is an integrated ability of the teacher’s personality.
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Zhang, G. P., T. Latta, Z. Babyak, Y. H. Bai, and Thomas F. George. "All-optical spin switching: A new frontier in femtomagnetism — A short review and a simple theory." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 21 (August 10, 2016): 16300052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916300052.
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Using an ultrafast laser pulse to manipulate the spin degree of freedom has broad technological appeal. It allows one to control the spin dynamics on a femtosecond time scale. The discipline, commonly called femtomagnetism, started with the pioneering experiment by Beaurepaire and coworkers in 1996, who showed subpicosecond demagnetization occurs in magnetic Ni thin films. This finding has motivated extensive research worldwide. All-optical helicity-dependent spin switching (AO-HDS) represents a new frontier in femtomagnetism, where a single ultrafast laser pulse can permanently switch spin without any assistance from a magnetic field. This review summarizes some of the crucial aspects of this new discipline: key experimental findings, leading mechanisms, controversial issues, and possible future directions. The emphasis is on our latest investigation. We first develop the all-optical spin switching (AOS) rule that determines how the switchability depends on the light helicity. This rule allows one to understand microscopically how the spin is reversed and why the circularly polarized light appears more powerful than the linearly polarized light. Then we invoke our latest spin-orbit coupled harmonic oscillator model to simulate single spin reversal. We consider both continuous wave (cw) excitation and pulsed laser excitation. The results are in a good agreement with the experimental result (a MatLab code is available upon request from the author). We then extend the code to include the exchange interaction among different spin sites. We show where the “inverse-Faraday field” comes from and how the laser affects the spin reversal nonlinearly. Our hope is that this review will motivate new experimental and theoretical investigations and discussions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Physics"
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Madgeskind, Sharon Mary. "Motivation for change in the discipline of children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1333.
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Since becoming the first English speaking country to legislate against the physical discipline of children in 2007, there has been much debate in New Zealand for and against the parental practice of smacking. For some it has meant a welcome amendment to legislation that protects the human rights of children, for others it raises fears that parents can be criminalised for smacking their children and that the rights of parents to discipline their child, as they see fit, are being eroded. Working for an organisation that fully supports the Amendment to Section 59 of the Crimes Act, 1961 and that promotes the human rights of children; the motivating factors that encourage a parent to stop the practice of physically disciplining their child became of interest to the researcher for this thesis. Ten participants, who had used physical discipline and who had made a decision to stop the practice, were recruited to take part in a qualitative study. The data collected was analysed through a thematic analysis process using five motivational contexts found in previous research on the topic. The five contexts were experiential, relational, biographical, regulatory and ideological (Davis, 1999). The findings of the research for this thesis concur with the previous research and add further information about the motivating factors. The findings also identify the strategies that parents have found useful to achieve success in their endeavour to change their disciplinary practice. Furthermore the importance of and the distinction between the human rights of the child and parental rights have been highlighted.
Books on the topic "Degree Discipline: Physics"
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Lakshmanan, C. Research Infrastructure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.003.0002.
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The chapter provides an overarching perspective on the diverse aspects concerned with social science research (SSR) infrastructure in the Indian universities. The research infrastructure that is relevant for SSR include both physical and academic infrastructure. It covers the number of departments, number of sanctioned posts in the departments, filled posts, vacant posts, books in the department library, computers in the department, etc. The study indicates that highest numbers of departments are in disciplines like economics, education, law, and history. Disciplines like national security, population studies, and strategic studies are least popular disciplines with very few departments and chairs. Discipline-wise distribution of various social science courses shows that economics dominates in offering PhD degrees.
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VanCour, Shawn. Making Radio Talk. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497118.003.0006.
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This chapter considers emerging forms of radio speech developed for formats ranging from scheduled talks to professional announcing. Disrupting established styles of public speaking, radio offered rich subject matter for the new discipline of speech communication, which helped to formalize new rules favoring a well-modulated delivery with restrained, natural speech and careful control over rate, pitch, and enunciation. Three larger sets of cultural tensions impacted these emerging announcing practices: (1) tensions surrounding a standardized national speech movement and its implicit regional, gender, and class biases; (2) concerns over an emergent culture of personality that informed debates on desired degrees of formality and informality in radio speech; and (3) long-standing concerns over disembodied communication-at-a-distance exacerbated by radio’s severing of voices from speakers' physical bodies. Resulting efforts to discipline the radio voice spurred important shifts in period voice culture that resonated across fields from rhetoric and theater to film and phonograph entertainment.
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Ng, Wing Chung. The State, Public Order, and Local Theater in South China. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039119.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the theater as a site of chaos and unruly behavior, and examines the role of the state in managing the Cantonese opera theater as a public space. It considers the many scars of physical violence borne by the opera community, some inflicted from the outside, and others occasioned by eruptions of factionalism. The division from within became chronic especially in the mid-1920s when politics in Guangzhou took a radical turn. This development was no small irony in an age of state-building when different government authorities—including the British in colonial Hong Kong, the successive warlord regimes in control of South China, and the Chinese Nationalist government after 1927—all, to various degrees, sought to police the theater and assert control in the interest of mobilization, discipline, and order.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Physics"
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Haugan, Gørill, and Jessie Dezutter. "Meaning-in-Life: A Vital Salutogenic Resource for Health." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 85–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_8.
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AbstractBased on evidence and theory, we state that facilitating and supporting people’s meaning-making processes are health promoting. Hence, meaning-in-life is a salutogenic concept.Authors from various disciplines such as nursing, medicine, psychology, philosophy, religion, and arts argue that the human search for meaning is a primary force in life and one of the most fundamental challenges an individual faces. Research demonstrates that meaning is of great importance for mental as well as physical well-being and crucial for health and quality of life. Studies have shown significant correlations between meaning-in-life and physical health measured by lower mortality for all causes of death; meaning is correlated with less cardiovascular disease, less hypertension, better immune function, less depression, and better coping and recovery from illness. Studies have shown that cancer patients who experience a high degree of meaning have a greater ability to tolerate bodily ailments than those who do not find meaning-in-life. Those who, despite pain and fatigue, experience meaning report better quality-of-life than those with low meaning. Hence, if the individual finds meaning despite illness, ailments, and imminent death, well-being, health, and quality-of-life will increase in the current situation. However, when affected by illness and reduced functionality, finding meaning-in-life might prove more difficult. A will to search for meaning is required, as well as health professionals who help patients and their families not only to cope with illness and suffering but also to find meaning amid these experiences. Accordingly, meaning-in-life is considered a vital salutogenic resource and concept.The psychiatrist Viktor Emil Frankl’s theory of “Will to Meaning” forms the basis for modern health science research on meaning; Frankl’s premise was that man has enough to live by, but too little to live for. According to Frankl, logotherapy ventures into the spiritual dimension of human life. The Greek word “logos” means not only meaning but also spirit. However, Frankl highlighted that in a logotherapeutic context, spirituality is not primarily about religiosity—although religiosity can be a part of it—but refers to a specific human dimension that makes us human. Frankl based his theory on three concepts: meaning, freedom to choose and suffering, stating that the latter has no point. People should not look for an inherent meaning in the negative events happening to them, or in their suffering, because the meaning is not there. The meaning is in the attitude people choose while suffering from illness, crises, etc.
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Dasgupta, Subrata. "Glimpses of a Scientific Style." In It Began with Babbage. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199309412.003.0014.
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In august 1951, David Wheeler submitted a PhD dissertation titled Automatic Computing with the EDSAC to the faculty of mathematics (D. F. Hartley, personal communication, September 7, 2011) at the University of Cambridge. The year after, in November 1952, another of Maurice Wilkes’s students, Stanley Gill, submitted a thesis titled The Application of an Electronic Digital Computer to Problems in Mathematics and Physics. Wheeler’s was not the first doctoral degree awarded on the subject of computing. That honor must surely go to Herman Hollerith for his thesis submitted to Columbia University in 1890 on his invention of an electrical tabulating system (see Chapter 3, Section IV). Nor was Wheeler’s the first doctoral degree on a subject devoted to electronic computing. In December 1947, Tom Kilburn (codesigner with Frederic C. Williams of the Manchester Mark I [see Chapter 8, Section XIII]) had written a report on the CRT-based memory system he and Williams had developed (but called the Williams tube). This report was widely distributed in both Britain and the United States (and even found its way to Russia), and it became the basis for Kilburn’s PhD dissertation awarded in 1948 by the University of Manchester (S. H. Lavington, personal communication, August 31, 2011). Wheeler’s doctoral dissertation, however, was almost certainly the first on the subject of programming. And one might say that the award of these first doctoral degrees in the realm of computer “hardware” (in Kilburn’s case) and computer “software” (in Wheeler’s case) made the invention and design of computers and computing systems an academically respectable university discipline. As we have witnessed before in this story, establishing priority in the realm of computing is a murky business, especially at the birth of this new discipline. Thus, if by “computer science” we mean the study of computers and the phenomena surrounding computers (as three eminent computer scientists Allan Newell, Alan Perlis (1922–1990), and Herbert Simon suggested in 1967), then—assuming we agree on what “computers” are—the boundary between hardware and soft ware, between the physical computer and the activity of computing, dissolves.
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Deis, D. A., O. S. Wegner, and P. G. Wegner. "THE SPECIFICS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF CLASSES ON PHYSICAL CULTURE AT A MEDICAL UNIVERSIT." In Filosofskie, sociologičeskie i psihologo-pedagogičeskie problemy sovremennogo obrazovaniâ., 225–28. Altai State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0576-2021-3-225-228.
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The study is devoted to the analysis of the formation of physical culture of students in a medical university. The specificity of the medical profession contains a number of important characteristics (emotional and volitional stability, endurance, physical and mental endurance, dexterity in carrying out medical procedures, motor coordination, etc.) that require appropriate physical training. Physical culture in this regard for physicians is not only a part of general culture, but also a professional culture. However, as shown by a sociological survey of medical students, they do not sufficiently assess the degree of importance of the discipline “Physical culture”. This requires the development of new approaches to organizing and conducting physical education classes in a medical University including such as the proposed practice-oriented (D.A. will allow raising the status of the discipline in question in a medical university and linking it with the professional training of medical students.
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Jones, Elodie J., and Betsy L. Crawford. "Holding Space and Grace." In Elevating Intentional Education Practice in Graduate Programs, 99–111. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4600-3.ch005.
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A student's life is mentally demanding and time-consuming for any learner. U.S. culture values hard work, no excuses mantras, and discipline to achieve a graduate degree or the next promotion, and often it is a badge of honor to be overcommitted, stressed out, and exhausted. As mental and physical health issues arise, the implementation of a health and wellness statement for graduate students was utilized to open the proverbial door to hold space and grace for life's challenges and empower learners in an inclusive setting.
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Vehlken, Sebastian. "Formations." In Zootechnologies. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986206_ch02.
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Concerned with formations, the second chapter is devoted to historical scenes in the development of behavioral biology around 1900. The latter discipline systematized knowledge about swarms by relying on physical instead of then popular social models of interaction, e.g. in mass psychology. It developed a genuinely ‘biological gaze’ that was determined to study animal collectives in terms of the ‘systemic’ nature of their inter-individual behavior. Techniques and media for gathering data thus gained a new degree of relevance, replacing the human sensory apparatus, which perceived little more than noise, and traditional systems for recording information (diaries, hand-written observations), which could not deal with the abundance of data.
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Rojas, J. I., X. Prats, A. Montlaur, M. Valero, and E. García-Berro. "Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning for Engineering Curriculum." In Cases on Technological Adaptability and Transnational Learning, 333–59. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-779-4.ch017.
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The main purpose of this case is to describe the process by which an initially limited-range practical experience, within the frame of a given course in an aerospace engineering degree, might be expanded to become the mother-course itself. Particularly, the practical experience is a Model Rocket Workshop (MRW), where students design, simulate, build, test and launch a small model rocket. The workshop is a Problem Based Learning (PBL) experience that covers a wide spectrum of educational aspects, ranging from theoretical disciplines, such as fluid dynamics and rocket dynamics, to topics more related to experimental work and hardware utilization like the certification of the rockets, as well as the rocket altitude measurements. Students get rapidly involved in the project, and acquire several practical and transversal abilities, while developing a solid knowledge of the physics underlying aerospace engineering. The case study shows some problems and improvements, academic results and lessons learned from the PBL approach. Finally, a series of new ideas related to MRW and to the course it belongs to are presented. The objective is to expand the MRW so that it embraces the totality of the activities that constitute this mother-course. As a consequence, the former would then become a new course entirely based on PBL. The strategy aims at enabling an optimum transition from conventional learning to PBL.
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Rubin, Yoram. "Introduction." In Applied Stochastic Hydrogeology. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138047.003.0006.
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Stochastic hydrogeology is the study of hydrogeology using physical and probabilistic concepts. It is an applied science because it is oriented toward applications. Its goal is to develop tools for analyzing measurements and observations taken over a sample region in space, and extract information which can then be used for evaluating and modeling the properties of physical processes taking place in this domain, and make risk-qualified predictions of their outcome. By invoking probabilistic concepts to deal with problems of physics, stochastic hydrogeology joins a well-established tradition followed in mining (Matheron, 1965; David, 1977; Journel and Huijbregts, 1978), turbulence (Kolmogorov, 1941; Batchelor, 1949), acoustics (Tatarski, 1961), atmospheric science (Lumley and Panofsky, 1964), composite materials and electrical engineering (Beran, 1968; Batchelor, 1974), and of course statistical mechanics. Stochastic hydrogeology broadens the scope of the deterministic approach to hydrogeology by considering the last as an end member to a wide spectrum of states of knowledge, stretching from deterministic knowledge at one end all the way to maximum uncertainty at the other, with a continuum of states, representing varying degrees of uncertainty in the hydrogeological processes, in between. It provides a formalism for addressing this continuum of states systematically. The departure from the confines of determinism is an important and intuitively appealing paradigm shift, representing the maturing of hydrogeology from an exploratory into an applied discipline. Deterministic knowledge of a site’s hydrogeology is a state we rarely, if ever, find ourselves in, although from a fundamental point of view there is no inherent element of chance in the hydrogeological processes. For example, we know that mass conservation is a deterministic concept, and we are also confident that Darcy’s law works under conditions which are fairly well understood. However, the application of these principles involves a fair amount of conjecture and speculation, and hence when dealing with real-life applications, determinism exists only in the fact that uncertainty and ambiguity are unavoidable, and might as well be studied and understood. The other end of the spectrum is where uncertainty is the largest. Generally speaking, two types of uncertainty exist: intrinsic variability and epistemic uncertainty.
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Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and Daniel Hillel. "Analysis of El Niño Effects: Methods and Models." In Climate Variability and the Global Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137637.003.0010.
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Knowledge of climate impacts is necessarily embedded in multifaceted, multiscaled contexts. The many facets include physical, ecological, and biological factors—as well as social, political, and economic ones—interacting on a spectrum of scales ranging from the individual to the household, the community, the region, the nation, and the world. Such complexities encompass natural as well as cultural aspects. Therefore, assessing the role of climate requires a comprehensive, integrated approach. Various methods and models have been proposed or developed to aid understanding of the relationships between agriculture and climate variability (and more specifically, ENSO) in regions around the world. Relevant methods include socioeconomic research techniques such as interviews and surveys; statistical analyses of climate and agronomic data; spatial analysis of remote-sensing observations; climate-scenario development with global and regional climate models and weather generators; and cropmodel simulations. Here we describe conceptual models that guide regional analysis, a framework of methods for regional studies, and examples of research in several agricultural regions that experience varying degrees of ENSO effects. Conceptual models are important because they can guide research and application projects and help physical, biological, and social scientists work together effectively within a common context. Equally important is the role of conceptual models in promoting effective interactions between researchers and agricultural practitioners. An early conceptual model for enhancing the usefulness of seasonal climate forecasts has been called the “end-to-end” approach (figure 5.1a). This model consists of a linear unidirectional trajectory in which El Niño events precipitate climate phenomena that, in turn, induce agronomic responses, with ensuing economic consequences. In disciplinary terms, the end-to-end trajectory begins with the physical sciences, proceeds to agronomy, and then to social science—primarily economics. The end-to-end model quickly evolved into an “end-to-multiple-ends” approach (figure 5.1b) because social science consists of many disciplines besides economics. Outcomes and insights regarding the use of seasonal climate forecasts differ, depending on whether the disciplines of economics, anthropology, political science, or sociology are involved. However, a weakness of these conceptual models is the absence of agricultural practitioners (e.g., farmers, planners, input providers, and insurers) in the research process.
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Koh, David, and Wee Hoe Gan. "Occupational health." In Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health, edited by Roger Detels, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Fran Baum, Liming Li, and Alastair H. Leyland, 457–72. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0055.
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Occupational health is the ‘promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations’. Work-related ill-health and injuries cause considerable mortality and morbidity to workers worldwide, and are a major cause of disability, lost productivity, and sickness absence. In the occupational setting, workers may suffer from occupational diseases (those directly caused by workplace hazards); ‘work-related diseases’ (those that are multifactorial in origin with occupational exposures contributing to part of the aetiology); and non-occupational diseases that affect the general population. Primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures can be used to reduce the burden of disease at the workplace. Prevention of occupational ill-health requires an understanding of the work processes, the range and extent of exposures to hazards, and the steps that may be available to reduce exposure. It also requires recognition of vulnerable occupational groups such as workers in developing nations, migrant workers, child labour, women workers, and impaired workers. The standard hierarchy of control strategies for reducing exposure to workplace hazards includes elimination, substitution, isolation, engineering measures, administrative procedures, and personal protective equipment. The workplace can be a suitable venue for health promotion activities although this should not be at the expense of elimination and control of exposure to occupational hazards. As occupational health practice has evolved to consideration of health issues beyond the ‘factory gate’, the discipline now has much in common with environmental health and encompasses the philosophy and principles of good public health practice.
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Clarke, Victoria, and Walsh Andrew. "Community mental health nursing care of a person with complex needs." In Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199547746.003.0010.
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In this chapter we will consider the care of a person living in the community with complex needs. In the past, the majority of people who suffered from severe and enduring mental health problems would almost certainly have spent their lives living in institutionalized care. Today, the majority of people with such problems live in the community, and the issue of how well (or not) they are supported is a critical one for those working as part of a community mental health team. In this chapter we introduce ‘Anthony’, a service user who has a long history of mental health problems. Anthony lives alone, and apart from his brother David, he has little contact with other people. Anthony has been referred to mental health services following a long period in which he has been having a depot injection from the nurse at his GP’s surgery. He has a complex range of problems including harassment from local youths, possible physical ill health, and housing problems, as well as a deterioration in his mental health state. In the UK, the move from hospital-based care towards a more community-oriented model is a relatively recent one. Many of the care practices and attitudes you may encounter today have their roots in an institutionalized model. From the 1840s onwards a system of ‘lunatic asylums’ was developed, the intention being that these should provide a humane and morally disciplined environment for those identified as needing care for mental health problems. They were oft en linked to county asylums and workhouses and became associated in the public view with both poverty and ‘madness’. For ordinary people at this time of great industrial and social change, working conditions were harsh and the asylum policy was intended to provide a degree of social control (Rogers and Pilgrim 2001). A popular ditty of the time illustrates some of the prevailing attitudes:… Outside the lunatic asylum, I was there and I was breaking stones, When up popped a lunatic and said to me ‘Good morning Mr Jones, How much a week do you get for doing that?’ ‘Sixteen shillings’ I cried, ‘That’s not enough to keep a wife and six kids, Step inside you silly fella, step inside’. (Anon)…
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Physics"
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4912.
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Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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Roquette, Juan, Fernando Alonso, and Pilar Salazar. "Human-Centered Design since the Degree Kickoff: from Alumni Experience to Designer and User Experience." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001377.
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This article seeks to investigate the new paradigms of digital form and their application to the design process as a way to integrate service design from the very beginning of the process. It addresses a review of the generation of design in the key of "activity of conformation of open strategies". The aim is to open a deep reflection that allows an evolution of the understanding of the discipline of design linked to the outdated definition of "task of formalization of finished objects", which is widespread and still widely assumed. It is undeniable that engineering, urban planning, architecture, graphic design, product design, experience design and fashion design all share a common objective: all of them, in the end, can be considered as "service design".Indeed, each of the modalities of contemporary design and creation involves providing conceptual and oper-ational responses to needs (functional, aesthetic, symbolic, structural, social, individual). In short, creative activity consists of interpreting requirements and constraints in the most creative and efficient way possible. Design is not so much concerned with the need to produce "finished" objects, whether tangible or intangible. Contemporary design aims to create "formal laws", flexible and open, that can be applied according to the changing scenarios posed by today's users. To design digitally today is to create logical structures of data, algorithms and open results. This article rais-es the possibility of designing -from the genesis of the design- by integrating data referring to users and their algo-rithms as the basis of the formal, diagrammatic or structural law of the design solution. From clear mathematical rules and their parameterization, we propose the generation of the base structure of the "digital contemporary design"; from the exposition of data to the generation of “empty form”. In order to that, a preliminary reflection on the Technical drawing / CAD / BIM is proposed as well as describing the languages of the contemporary Design project (data and algorithms necessary for the construction of the form by topological transformations on simple forms). This is a con-temporary way of understanding the generation of the “empty form”. A "prepared" and "structured" format for the subsequent acquisition of successive layers of information (user data) that would trigger the "virtual twin" of the de-sign. Designing by means of topological transformations is an essential exercise in the foundations of digital culture: working with this type of algorithm is the main work of CAD programs. The conception of contemporary design must increasingly take into account the digital era, which constitutes the paradigm of our culture. The ideation and formalization of the actions that define design, architecture, urbanism and the physical environment, go through the management of formal operations within information systems that com-bine identity, visuality, materiality, measurement, financing, parameterization, industrialization, construction mainte-nance and, of course, interaction with users and systems. This phenomenon once again highlights the importance of geometry and drawing as fundamental disciplines that sustain the solid foundations of design education in the Univer-sity.Finally, the article addresses the urgency of defining new methodologies for the design process to ensure that design does not remain a mere "cultural response" to the technical advances produced by science, nor is it a purely intuitive process that proposes images but dispenses with the technical language of its time. We defend the activity of design as a purely contemporary task, which must be generated with the languages and methodologies of our current (and future) time, and for which it must have the possibility of integrating data and adapting to them with flexibility. In this way, any kind of design can be considered "service design" because it will "serve" effectively, avoiding the unnecessary iterations pursued by the LEAN system, which make human actions on reality inefficient and unsustaina-ble. Such a design would prevent the industry from having to generate an overabundance of designs and then discard the inadequate ones (by natural selection, through trial and error, dictated by the market and by user needs).Keywords: Design Training · Design Methodologies · Human-centered Design · Alumni experience · Designer experience ·User Experience · Service Design · Form · Contemporary Design process
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O’Sullivan, Maurice G., Briony Supple, and Marian McCarthy. "Cross cultural experiences of Chinese students studying Food Science in Ireland." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.10.
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Food science is the comprehensive study of food and beverages or more specifically the application of the scientific disciplines of the physical, biological, and chemical as well as engineering, microbiology and nutrition to the study of food and beverages to improve the sensory properties, safety, nutrition, functionality, sustainability and availability. UCC attracts diverse cross-cultural groups of students to degree programmes in Ireland annually including 3000 international students from over 100 countries (UCC, 2018). However, anecdotally, students were underperforming (grades lower than Irish students) for some of their formative assessments due to a lack of familiarity with the Irish teaching system. For this reason, it was decided to investigate, from first principals, the experiences of these Chinese students both from their Chinese and Irish experiential perspectives in order to determine areas that could be optimised to improve their integration and promote their holistic learning experiences. The action research findings of this present study will thus be used to optimise a new bespoke degree programme, specifically catered for Chinese students, that commenced in UCC in September 2017.
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Hwang, Sungkun, and Seung-Kyum Choi. "Deep Learning-Based Surrogate Modeling via Physics-Informed Artificial Image (PIAI) for Strongly Coupled Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-72099.
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Abstract The design of strongly coupled multidisciplinary engineering systems is challenging since it is characterized by the complex interaction of different disciplines. Such complexity cannot be easily captured by explicit analytical solutions, which motivates the development of surrogate modeling. It enables the prediction of the systems’ behavior without analytical formulations. Among existing surrogate modeling techniques, deep learning has gained significant interest because of the flexibility of non-linear formulation and applicability to data-driven analysis. Notably, the convolution neural networks-based deep surrogate model augments the precision of prediction and estimation of system behavior once image-based inputs representing physical experiments and simulation are employed. Nevertheless, the feasibility of the deep surrogate model is often flawed due to the miserable correlation representation between design parameters and the corresponding responses. Massive training costs also degrade the performance of the predictive model. To address those issues, this research proposes a physics-informed artificial image (PiAI) that incubates geometry-informed CAD, location-clarified filter, and essential simulation conditions, which augments the prediction credibility. Moreover, in lieu of employing multimodalities or multiple image channels, the proposed method employs a unimodal-based single image input to increase computational efficiency. The proposed framework’s efficacy and applicability are addressed in practical engineering design applications: cantilever beam and stretchable strain sensor.
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Didion, Eva, Ute Ambrosius, M. Rosario Perello-Marín, and Daniel Catalá-Pérez. "Virtual Organizational Socialization – a structured literature review and research agenda." In 4th International Conference. Business Meets Technology. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2022.2022.15541.
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The literature on Organizational Socialization and Onboarding has assumed traditional work relationships located on-site in the company. Due to the Corona pandemic, remote work has gained tremendous importance. However, we do not yet know how the lack of physical presence affects organizational socialization. The research interest is to assess papers analyzing virtual organizational socialization systematically. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A protocol was made. In this, the search parameters were recorded. Literature relevant to the research question was identified and evaluated. This was examined and put into context. Key Findings: virtual organizational socialization represents a research gap. The literature is scattered; we only found a small number of relevant articles from different disciplines focusing on impediments of virtual organizational socialization. Research on onboarding practices that help overcome obstacles imposed by a higher degree of virtual work is needed.
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Barbero, Silvia. "Opportunities and challenges in teaching Systemic Design. The evoluation of the Open Systems master courses at Politecnico di Torino." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3353.
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The contamination between design and theory of systems as a field of development of new design processes is nowadays consolidated. However, the issue concerning the methodology to apply in teaching systemic design remains an open question. The approach adopted in the Master Degree in Systemic Design at Politecnico di Torino is based on the assumption that the teaching method must itself be systemic. Alongside designers, the degree course has involved from the very beginning experts of different disciplines (i.e. chemistry, physics, mechanics, history, economy and management) as teachers, in order to create a multidisciplinary environment for the development of projects. Born as master degree in academic year 2002-03 at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) from the close collaboration with Gunter Pauli, the course has changed name and form but not the content, until it reached the current title (a.y. 2015-16): master degree “Aurelio Peccei” in Systemic Design. The Open Systems course has enabled students, in previous years, to experiment the design of production processes. This was the case of the systemic project done with NN Europe, a company engaged in manufacturing ball bearings, in which the output management allows a positive economic impact. Over the years the course has shifted its focus from the production process of a product to the wider company context. In 2010, the approach has been applied to the agricultural enterprise Ortofruit: starting from agricultural production, the students have defined the production system and the relationships with the market. Systemic Design, during this course, has experienced the transition from the design of industrial processes that are closely linked to the territory, and then enhance local resources, to the design of the whole territorial system. The work done by the students of the course in recent years has led to the definition of scenarios about fields usually distant from the traditional design world. For example, the definition of the economic model, the corporate model that is built around relationships on cooperation with different disciplines.This transition, from the product to the entire territorial system, allows the exploration of new contexts, but it also puts the designer in a complex and challenging position in according with complex theories.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3353