Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Neuroscience'

Several techniques to assisting in the drug design and discovery stages have been developed during the last several decades. The bulk of these techniques aimed to find novel chemical entities that had the greatest significant interaction with the targeted receptors or enzymes while providing the least degree of risk of unwanted interactions. This approach, on the other hand, is time-consuming and expensive, as it requires the screening of thousands of molecules for biological activity, with only one making it to market. The prodrug strategy, in which the active drug molecule is disguised by a promoiety to change its undesirable characteristics, is one of the most appealing and promising methods. The folate receptor (FR)-targeted systems may also open the path for more advanced drug conjugates, especially because this receptor is now being targeted by a variety of technological innovations, including nanoparticles, small molecules, and protein-based technologies, resulting in a wealth of experience in the discipline.

Phonation is a wonder of physics and physiology. In reductionist terms, the mechanics of the glottis can be viewed as a valve system: the streaming airflow from the lungs is passed through a dynamic and complex structure which is constantly changing aperture and configuration. The resulting pressure waves from air passing through the glottis are ultimately shaped and refined by the vocal tract giving rise to our unique voices. The nuance of this is extraordinary: as we sing and speak the vocal fold configuration is constantly changing in length and degree of contact under pressure conditions which are not always predictable. Yet the folds remain remarkably diligent in their ability to maintain equilibrium throughout these rapid changes. Without such discipline of this mechanism, we wouldn’t be capable of getting stability in any sound. Large, distal muscles of respiration are not designed to regulate such nuance at the millisecond level. So it is left to the larynx and vocal folds to balance the source sound of the system.This installment of “Minding the Gap” will be about how the brain controls this valve element at the center of our instrument: the intricate behaviors of the glottis. Neuroscience has shown that voicing, pitch, and phrasing are all signaled independently through the two laryngeal motor cortices which are a hallmark of our vocal learning abilities. Understanding these elements can help singers and teachers design targeted pedagogical strategies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the neuroscience that underpins the psychology of compassion as a competency. The authors explain why this cognitive competency is now taught and assessed on modules of different degree subjects in a UK university. Design/methodology/approach The paper is divided into first, an exploration of recent psychology and neuroscience literature that illuminates the differences, and relationship, between empathy and compassion for safeness building in teams. Within that, the role of oxytocin in achieving social and intellectual rewards though the exercise of cognitive flexibility, working memory and impulsive inhibitory control (Zelazo et al., 2016) is also identified. The literature findings are compared against relevant qualitative data from the above university, so far, nine years of mixed methods action research on compassion-focussed pedagogy (CfP). Findings These are that the concept and practice of embedding compassion as an assessed cognitive competency in university group work is illuminated and rationalised by research findings in neuroscience. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the study are that, so far, fMRI research methods have not been used to investigate student subjects involved in the CfP now in use. Practical implications The paper has implications for theory, policy and practice in relation to managing the increasing amount of group work that accompanies widening participation in higher education (HE). Social implications The social implications of what is outlined in the paper pertain to student mental health, and academic achievement; to policy and practice for HE curriculum design across subjects and disciplines; and for the HE remit to serve the public good. Originality/value A review of this kind specifically for student assessed group and its implications for student academic achievement and mental health has not, apparently, been published.

The article presents the standpoint that naturalistic tendencies in modern science, which are especially expressed in neuroscience, push up social knowledge toward the need to revise its attitudes and norms, which consist in consistent sociocentrism and biophobia, and, hence, a simplified understanding of the phenomenon of “genetic reductionism”. We show that the application of the methods of natural science to social disciplines often marked visible progress and even conceptual breakthroughs in their development. Achievements of modern neuroscience affect a traditional area of social and humanitarian knowledge as political science, which leads to the formation of an independent area of research – political neuroscience. Through the optics of this research, cognitive styles characteristic of individuals and social groups with different value orientations imply the dominance of certain ideological sympathies and antipathies, which attributed to the opposite poles of the ideological scale – liberalism and conservatism. Considerable empirical material allows us to conclude that these ideological positions are exist due to differences in their ontogenetic “foundations”, which allows us to develop I. Kant's ideas about a priorism and transcendentalism in the context of the Kantian research program in contemporary neuroscience. The result of the implementation of this program to the political sphere was the discovery of the genesis of political views, and the demonstration of the peculiarities of their dynamics. They are based on the difference in the activity of certain neural sets, which in their turn are influenced by culture and society, forming an integral system “brain – culture – society”, where each component of which affects other components. Features and changes in the socio-cultural context of the development of an individual or a group of people may have an effect upon the architectonics of the brain and shift, due to its plasticity, of the political views along the scale of ideologies “liberalism – conservatism”. At the same time, carriers of different cognitive styles and, therefore, with a sufficient degree of probability of ideological views, percept the world in which they live in differently, and evaluate its past and possible future in diverse ways.

The purpose of this paper is interdisciplinary research of combinations of different disciplines of (natural) anthropology/neuroscience of consciousness and quantum physics and (social sciences) of financial decision making in the context of climate change and pandemics, which can be useful for finding new information, solving complex problems. The aim of this study is to provide insights into financial decision-making through the intertwining of anthropology/neuroscience and quantum physics in financial decision-making within COVID 19 and climate change and what their relationship/outcomes are. Human consciousness has slipped towards the collapse of convergent crises. Namely, health and climate change are intertwined. The causes of the COVID 19 crisis and climate change are common and their effects are approaching. The climatic situation and COVID-19, a zoonotic disease, are subject to human activity that has led to environmental degradation. Neither the climate crisis nor the zoonotic pandemic was unexpected. They have led to the loss of life that could have been prevented by delayed, insufficient, or wrong actions. Financial decision-making requires harmonizing public health improvements, creating a sustainable economic future, and better protecting remaining natural resources and biodiversity Perhaps in this context financial simplification could be defined as the coexistence of all options with different degrees of potential that we will choose (it is a superposition), other options cease to exist for us when we enter the so-called zero of the desired option (the brain prepares our decisions). The results of the research showed us that COVID 19 and climate change have caused economic risks and uncertainties that have far-reaching and profound implications for financial decision-making as well as the financial services industry and its institutions. Extending tools through anthropology/neuroscience and quantum physics has given us knowledge of the need to connect both the natural and social sciences to understand the complex world around us. Keywords: Anthropology, Neuroscience, Quantum physics, Financial Decision Making.

After decades of being ignored, the concept of beauty, as understood by the non-architect, has recently been making a comeback in architecture, not so much in the practice itself, as in appeals for design solutions that are more human-centered and not dictated by abstract principles. Architectural beauty needs to be evaluated from its effects on human health. This study discusses two diagnostic tools for measuring the degree of architectural “beauty” and presents the results of the pilot application of one of them. The goal is to use diagnostic imaging for evaluations. Analytical elements are introduced from disciplines with which practitioners are normally not familiar, such as artificial intelligence, medicine, neuroscience, visual attention and image-processing software, etc. In addition to the diagnostic tools, this paper ties related ideas on objective beauty into a novel synthesis. These results support the idea of a feasible, “objective” way to evaluate what the users will consider as beautiful, and set the stage for an upcoming larger study that will quantitatively correlate the two methods.

Today, the food sector is characterised with intense competition and continuously becoming more challenging for marketers. When it is realised that 95% of consumers' purchasing decisions are made unconsciously, marketing tools started to target unconscious minds. Combining neuroscience and marketing disciplines, neuromarketing studies found that neuro-stimuli, directly addressing the brain, are influential on consumer perceptions. This study investigates the effects of neuro-stimuli applied on food product poster and packaging on mother-woman and child consumers' brand awareness, quality perceptions and purchase intentions. In the experimental design implemented, a total of 284 subjects composed of women and children are divided into 6 groups, and they were exposed to various degrees of neuro-stimuli in the poster and product packages in order to measure the influence of these stimuli. Findings of the research confirmed that application of neuro-stimuli significantly increased quality perception of women and purchase intentions of both woman and child consumers. Increasing intensity of neuro-stimuli also generated a partially significant influence. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided based on these findings.

The human mind is the mediator of knowledge about the world because no human being has direct knowledge of their surrounding reality. All knowledge is „read and transported” by the brain and nervous system. Regardless of the progressive nature of the research into psychic phenomena, we are still faced with the mystery of what phenomena occur in the brain. The difficulties are mainly due to the interdisciplinary nature of cognitive science. Cognitive science as an interdisciplinary field, which attempts to explore the human mind and find a common area of research to unite all scientific research. Attempts to understand the mind constitute the most interdisciplinary task. Neuroscience is one of the disciplines that make up modern cognitive science. Neurobiology suggests the variety of processes that occur either in individual cells, the brain, and the nervous system, and the human body. Modern studies indicate the possibility of cognition of the brain in order to apply effective teaching and education. How does the brain learn? This question stimulates researchers to interdisciplinary cooperation in order to obtain a satisfactory answer. Recently there have been many new concepts related to research into the brain and methods that allow you to better utilize the potential of the brain in order to undertake a conscious process of self-discovery. The science of the brain is not only a part of medical science or biology but also disciplines such as pedagogy and didactics. The concepts neuroteaching, neurodidactics, and neurotechnologies are new, still relatively unknown, and unused. Reflecting on the conscious changes in the learning process, it is worth looking into the rules of biofeedback and neurofeedback and the possibilities of practically applying EEG biofeedback training, which is becoming a readily available method. Insightful observations of bioelectrical activity of the brain have led to naming multiple correlations between the mental state of individuals, their behavior, and EEG activity. Biofeedback, as a neurotechnological road to self-discovery, allows for the individual functions of the brain and body, previously considered involuntary, to become dependent on our will to a certain degree. Upon obtaining a higher degree of self-awareness, self-regulatory responses develop. Proponents of this method argue that self-regulation will become a major part of health care in the twenty-first century.

Abstract Background A clear understanding of the neural basis of consciousness is fundamental to research in clinical and basic neuroscience disciplines and anesthesia. Recently, decreased efficiency of information integration was suggested as a core network feature of propofol-induced unconsciousness. However, it is unclear whether this finding can be generalized to dexmedetomidine, which has a different molecular target. Methods Dexmedetomidine was administered as a 1-μg/kg bolus over 10 min, followed by a 0.7-μg · kg−1 · h−1 infusion to healthy human volunteers (age range, 18 to 36 yr; n = 15). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during baseline, dexmedetomidine-induced altered arousal, and recovery states. Zero-lag correlations between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals extracted from 131 brain parcellations were used to construct weighted brain networks. Network efficiency, degree distribution, and node strength were computed using graph analysis. Parcellated brain regions were also mapped to known resting-state networks to study functional connectivity changes. Results Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the local and global efficiencies of graph theory–derived networks. Dexmedetomidine also reduced the average brain connectivity strength without impairing the degree distribution. Functional connectivity within and between all resting-state networks was modulated by dexmedetomidine. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine is associated with a significant drop in the capacity for efficient information transmission at both the local and global levels. These changes result from reductions in the strength of connectivity and also manifest as reduced within and between resting-state network connectivity. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that conscious processing relies on an efficient system of information transfer in the brain.

A master’s degree program in “new liberal arts” is a great opportunity to strengthen cooperation between art colleges and universities, to promote the construction of product design and digital molding majors, and to promote teaching and research on the “integration” of the theoretical foundations of engineering intelligent manufacturing. To take advantage of cooperative universities’ advantageous disciplines and professional platforms, we should construct new art and emerging interdisciplinary majors, as well as promote the construction and exploration of joint training of doctors and masters in relevant disciplines in the interdisciplinary direction of art and engineering. The foregoing approaches are intended to create a new “art and engineering” model for the establishment of a product design speciality at our university. In order to meet the requirements of “Art & Engineering” advocated by the national new engineering construction, art disciplines have their own inherent rules and characteristics. We should actively create disciplinary and professional characteristics, help universities cooperate with each other in high-quality development, and share and win together, in order to continuously achieve new academic results.

Theater and neuroscience: What could these two have in common? What could their historical developments tell us about modernity and the modern subject? The Nervous Stage argues that, to a significant degree, modern theater emerged out of a dialogue with the neurological sciences. Beyond this, the book demonstrates that an understanding of this dialogue sheds new light on the emergence of modern notions of embodiment and subjectivity. This wide-ranging study encompasses artists as diverse as Joanna Baillie, Percy Shelley, Georg Büchner, Charles Dickens, Richard Wagner, Émile Zola, August Strindberg, and Antonin Artaud—and recreates their conversations with a wide range of nineteenth-century neurologists. It is during the nineteenth century that the conception of the subject as essentially nervous went through what was its most intense period of formation and development, and thus it is during the same century that we discover the formation of a subject largely comprehensible, interpretable, and transformable through neurophysiological networks. This subject was magnetic; felt vibrations; was thrilled, electrified, and shocked; became hysterical; succumbed to neurasthenia and was re-energized. It was a site for the influx and efflux of nervous sensations, a site that was also understood as a subjectivity, a personality, and a person. Working between disciplines of theater studies and medical history, the book ultimately describes the formation of a new idea of personhood. We are already neural subjects, the book suggests, and have been for a long time.