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Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Molecular Microbiology'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Córdova-Martínez, Alfredo, Alberto Caballero-García, Hugo J. Bello, Daniel Perez-Valdecantos, and Enrique Roche. "Effects of Eccentric vs. Concentric Sports on Blood Muscular Damage Markers in Male Professional Players." Biology 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030343.

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Background: Repetitive eccentric contractions can lead to higher degree of damage compared to repetitive concentric contractions. However, this type of exercise does not reproduce the real situations during the season in competitive sport disciplines. Methods: We analyzed the pattern of muscle damage blood markers in male professionals from three disciplines: cycling (n = 18), mainly concentric, vs. basketball (n = 12) and volleyball (n = 14), both mainly eccentric. Circulating muscle markers were analyzed in two moments of the regular season: after a 20-day training (no competition) period (T1) and after a 20-day period of high demanding competition (T2). Results: Blood levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin (muscle markers) increased in all groups at T2 compared to T1 as a result of competition intensity. The lower increases were noticed in cyclists at the end of both periods. Testosterone levels decreased at T2 compared to T1 in all disciplines, with lower levels found in cyclists. However, cortisol plasma levels decreased in basketball and volleyball players at T2, but increased significantly in cyclists, suggesting a limited adaptation to the effort. Conclusions: The pattern of circulating muscle markers is different depending of the demanding efforts (training vs. competition) of each particular discipline.
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Jiang, Bing, Qian Liu, Junda Gai, Jingqian Guan, and Qingchang Li. "Analysis of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Pathological Remission of Breast Cancer." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5440154.

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With the continuous development of the concept of diagnosis and treatment, the current industry’s treatment model has developed into a multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment. That is, in view of the pathological characteristics and clinical stages of breast cancer, corresponding methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and biological targeted therapy are adopted to provide comprehensive treatment of patients with multiple disciplines. This paper combines experimental research to research and analyze the degree of pathological remission of breast cancer by adjuvant chemotherapy and combines investigation and analysis and group trials to study and explore the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, this paper fully considers the patient’s response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and compares the changes in tumor cell abundance before and after chemotherapy to observe the response of the patient’s primary tumor to chemotherapy at a microscopic level. Therefore, this study has made a relatively objective and accurate evaluation of the chemotherapy efficacy of tumor tissues, which can provide a reference for subsequent related research.
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Olaya-Cuartero, Javier, José Fernández-Sáez, Ove Østerlie, and Alberto Ferriz-Valero. "Concordance Analysis between the Segments and the Overall Performance in Olympic Triathlon in Elite Triathletes." Biology 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11060902.

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To date, the performance in triathlon has been measured through time or position. Although this is what defines the medals and the goal of the competition, it can have some limitations. As an alternative, the purpose of this study is to assess the degree of concordance of performance between each of the triathlon disciplines with overall performance through the triathlon performance indicator for the Olympic distance event. The official results from the World Triathlon Series for Olympic distance events from 2000 to 2019 were examined. A total of 11,263 entries were analysed, 6273 corresponding to elite men and 4990 to elite women. Moderate agreement was found between the running performance and overall performance in both elite men ICCa = 0.538 and elite women ICCa = 0.581. Moreover, moderate agreement was found between swimming performance and overall performance in both elite men ICCa = 0.640 and elite women ICCa = 0.613. Finally, good agreement was found between cycling performance and overall performance also in both elite men ICCa = 0.777 and elite women ICCa = 0.816. The main results of the present study show that the cycling performance indicator could be an alternative to anticipate the overall performance in the competition for the Olympic distance event.
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Alfaqih, Mahmoud A., Yousef S. Khader, Nabil Bashir, Zuhair Nusair, Quteiba Nuseir, and Mohamad Nusier. "Attitude of Jordanian Physicians toward Biochemistry and Genetics." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 13, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3176951.

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Background. Several studies found that physicians develop a negative attitude toward biochemistry and genetics disciplines. Many medical schools adopt an integrated system-based curriculum supplemented with clinical correlations. Medical schools in Jordan switched to the integrated curriculum; however, studies that evaluate the attitude of physicians toward biochemistry and genetics are lacking. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the attitude of physicians toward biochemistry and genetics including the correlation of their curricula with clinical practice. Materials and Methods. A structured questionnaire consisting of 40 statements was distributed to a random sample of 616 physicians practicing in private and governmental hospitals in Jordan. Participants earned their MD or MBBS degree from Jordan or other countries and were interns, residents, or specialists. Results. More than half of the participants admitted that biochemistry and genetics are intellectually challenging and were among their least favourite subjects (59.1%); however, many of them were familiar with some of the contemporary advances in biochemistry and genetics and their translational potential (64.0%). Most of the participants felt that modifying the medical school curriculum by integrating biochemical and genetic concepts with clinical teaching will motivate the medical students (74%). In univariate analysis, residents showed the most positive attitudes and were the most knowledgeable about the biochemical changes associated with diseases and about the contemporary advances in biochemistry or genetics (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, physicians practicing in the private sector or those with more than five years of experience generally had a more positive attitude toward biochemistry and genetics (P<0.05). Conclusion. Physicians in Jordan showed an overall positive attitude toward biochemistry and genetics. This was more evident among residents, physicians with more than five years of experience, or those practicing in the private sector.
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Nuesch, J. "Microbiology: An important discipline in a changing world." FEMS Microbiology Letters 100, no. 1-3 (December 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05671.x.

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Nüesch, J. "Microbiology: An important discipline in a changing world." FEMS Microbiology Letters 100, no. 1-3 (December 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb14008.x.

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7

Nüesch, J. "Microbiology: An important discipline in a changing world." FEMS Microbiology Letters 100, no. 1-3 (December 15, 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1097(92)90177-p.

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8

Patyka, V. P., I. P. Hryhoriuk, M. M. Barna, N. M. Drobyk, and O. B. Kononchuk. "З ВІДДАНІСТЮ СВОЇЙ СПРАВІ, З ЛЮБОВ’Ю ДО ЛЮДЕЙ ТА З ІСКРОЮ ДОБРА У СЕРЦІ." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 76, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.2.17.

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July 7, 2019 marks the 60th anniversary of the renowned scientist in the field of plant physiology and microbiology, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Higher School of Ukraine, Head of the Department of Botany and Zoology of the Ternopil National Pedagogical University and University Svitlana Vasylivna was born in the village of Ishkiv, Koziv district, Ternopil region, to a family of teachers. She started schooling at the Ishkiv eight-year school and later Ternopil Secondary School #8, which she graduated with honours in 1976. In August 1977, she entered Ternopil Pedagogical Institute, Natural Sciences faculty. She graduated with honors in 1982 and got qualification of a teacher of chemistry and biology Since July 1982, Svitlana Vasylivna's work has been associated with the Department of Botany (now the Department of Botany and Zoology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University), where she became an assistant at the laboratory of plant physiology and biology. As a laboratory assistant, S.V. Pyda commenced her first scientific studies concerned with nitrogen nutrition of legumes supervised by Professor, Head of the Symbiotic Nitrogenation Department of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine Yukhym Polikarpovych Starchenko, candidates of biological sciences, professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute Vekirchyk Kuzma Mykolaiovych and associate professor Butnytskyi Ivan Mykolaiovych. From 1989 to 1993 S.V. Pyda carried out scientific research at National Botanical Garden M.M. Hrishko NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv) supervised by professor, head of allelopathy department Holovko Erast Anatoliiovych. May 26, 1994 as a result of scientific research S.V. Pyda became a successful defense of a Ph.D. thesis for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences in the specialty 03.00.12 – plant physiology in the specialized scientific council of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine entitled: «Allelopathic and symbiotic features of lupine at different levels of nitrogen nutrition». During her postgraduate studies, in 1990 S. V. Pyda was transitioned to the position of Assistant Professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute, and after the defense of her Ph.D. thesis in January 1995 – to the post of Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor of Botany – on December 25, 1997. Pyda S.V. was given the academic title of Associate Professor of Botany. Pyda S.V. managed to combine her teaching career with scientific research concerned with a wide range of questions of plant physiology, biochemistry and ecology, microbiology, agriculture. Her major research focuses on the biological fixation of molecular nitrogen by legumes, allelopathic and biochemical features of species of the genus Lupine and some floral-ornamental plants, problems of chemical interaction between plants in natural and artificial phytocenoses, microorganisms and agriculture. Her 13-year-long scientific work found its expression in the manuscript of the doctoral dissertation, successfully defended on June 14, 2007 for the degree of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences in the specialized academic council of the Uman Agrarian University (now Uman National University of Horticulture) entitled: “Physiology of symbiosis of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) – Lupinus L.: allelopathic analysis” specialty 03.00.12 – plant physiology. On April 1, 2008, after a significant achievement in the scientific and pedagogical field, the decision of the Scientific Council of the Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Pyda S.V. was appointed the professor of the Department of Botany. On January 20, 2011, by the decision of the Attestation Board of the Ministry of Education and Science, Pyda S.V. was awarded the academic title of Professor of Botany. Since November 26, 2014 prof. Pyda S.V. has been the head of the Department of Botany and Zoology after the merging of the departments of Botany and Zoology. Svitlana Vasylivna Pyda’s legacy comprises 342 works, including 4 monographs, 7 utility model patents, over 30 scientific articles, 2 textbooks, 7 methodological tutorials, 1 bibliographic index, 2 e-courses etc. Professor S.V. Pyda has been teaching at the University for many years the disciplines "Plant Physiology", "Microbiology with the Fundamentals of Virology", "Research Methods", "Nutrition and Productivity of Plants", "Mechanisms of Plant Productivity". She is also a teacher of Ternopil Oblast Territory -Municipal Branch of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, a member of the jury and head at the numerous competitions of city and all-Ukrainian importance, the head of the Ternopil branch of the Ukrainian Society of Plant Physiologists and Ternopil branch of the Society of microbiologists of Ukraine. For a significant contribution to the teacher training courses, the introduction of modern technologies of education and upbringing of student youth and the support of gifted students, Svitlana Vasylivna Pyda was elected Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Higher School of Ukraine, awarded by Ternopil state administration, Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil Oblast Ecological and Naturalistic Center student youth, Ternopil Regional Communal Territorial Branch of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NAS of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science, etc. Svitlana Vasylivna considers herself a happy person because she had the best teachers – Yavonenko A.F., Vekirchyk K.M., Shusta I.V., Barna M.M., Butnytskyi I.M., Shymanska V.A., Kuzmovych L.G., Orchuk K.I., Talposha V.S., Grushka S.I., Yakovleva V.O., Yakovenko B.V., Kuratova T.S., colleagues and scholars such as Y. P. Starchenko, E.A. Golovko, V.P.Patyk, I.P. Grygoryuk, friends, and sincere and friendly people. She is a role model and we all appreciate her dignity, integrity, high spirits and loyalty to Ukraine and science.
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9

Fisher, Michael T., Dovydas Jurkenas, Amina Jambajantsan, Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav, Eredene-Ochir Nasan-Ochir, Eregzen Gelegdorj, Munkhbayar Chuluunbat, Michael Petraglia, and Nicole Boivin. "Multidisciplinary digital methodologies for documentation and preservation of immovable Archaeological heritage in the Khovd River Valley, Western Mongolia." F1000Research 11 (November 3, 2022): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.126740.1.

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Background: The archaeological and ethnographic heritages of Mongolia reflect a multi-millennial continuity of typically mobile-pastoral occupations across sparsely populated, environmentally diverse landscapes, but the threats of modernisation and industrialisation to those heritages are nevertheless present and substantial. The construction of the Erdeneburen Hydroelectric Dam on the Khovd River in western Mongolia is planned to submerge hundreds of archaeological features and jeopardise at least another thousand. Methods: The Mongolian Archaeology Project: Surveying the Steppes, in collaboration with the Mongolian Institute of Archaeology, integrates a variety of digital techniques including GIS (geographic information systems), Machine Learning automated site detection, drone mapping, and Structure-from-Motion LiDAR scanning to document the endangered archaeology. This paper presents the resulting dataset of archaeological features across three different impact zones associated with the dam construction and evaluates the degree of efficacy of the initial data integration strategy through informal partner feedback and self-assessment. Results: While only approximately 20% of the documented sites fall within the planned flood zone, the remaining sites will be subjected to collateral threats such as industrial and infrastructural development that will necessitate extended monitoring, both temporally and spatially. In consideration of these results, this paper argues that a ‘responsive’ mode of heritage disaster intervention can bridge the gap between ‘reactive’ and ‘proactive’ modes, but requires development of an integrated (digital) methodology. Conclusions: The paper concludes by offering a new, more interconnected ‘transmethodology’ that addresses spatiality, sub-sampling, data reuse, and community input across multiple disciplines such as cultural heritage preservation, salvage archaeology, computer vision, and community archaeology. The authors developed this ‘transmethodology’ and the resulting workflows out of a theoretical framework that considers principles of Symmetrical Archaeology, Resilience Humanitarianism, and the CARE standard for inclusive data management (Collective benefit, Authority to control, Responsibility, and Ethics).
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Lim, Shen Jean, and Seth R. Bordenstein. "An introduction to phylosymbiosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1922 (March 4, 2020): 20192900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2900.

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Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of a new, cross-system trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as ‘microbial community relationships that recapitulate the phylogeny of their host’, we review the relevant literature and data in the last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods and regular patterns observed in analyses. Quantitative support for phylosymbiosis is provided by statistical methods evaluating higher microbiome variation between host species than within host species, topological similarities between the host phylogeny and microbiome dendrogram, and a positive association between host genetic relationships and microbiome beta diversity. Significant degrees of phylosymbiosis are prevalent, but not universal, in microbiomes of plants and animals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection shaping phylosymbiosis, microbiome transplant experiments demonstrate reduced host performance and/or fitness upon host–microbiome mismatches. Hybridization can also disrupt phylosymbiotic microbiomes and cause hybrid pathologies. The pervasiveness of phylosymbiosis carries several important implications for advancing knowledge of eco-evolutionary processes that impact host–microbiome interactions and future applications of precision microbiology. Important future steps will be to examine phylosymbiosis beyond bacterial communities, apply evolutionary modelling for an increasingly sophisticated understanding of phylosymbiosis, and unravel the host and microbial mechanisms that contribute to the pattern. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual and quantitative themes of phylosymbiosis and outlines opportunities ripe for investigation from a diversity of disciplines.
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Zhen, Wang, Parvez Ali, Haidar Ali, Ghulam Dustigeer, and Jia-Bao Liu. "On Computation Degree-Based Topological Descriptors for Planar Octahedron Networks." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (November 1, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4880092.

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A molecular graph is used to represent a chemical molecule in chemical graph theory, which is a branch of graph theory. A graph is considered to be linked if there is at least one link between its vertices. A topological index is a number that describes a graph’s topology. Cheminformatics is a relatively young discipline that brings together the field of sciences. Cheminformatics helps in establishing QSAR and QSPR models to find the characteristics of the chemical compound. We compute the first and second modified K-Banhatti indices, harmonic K-Banhatti index, symmetric division index, augmented Zagreb index, and inverse sum index and also provide the numerical results.
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Young, Iain. "Bioveterinary science: development of a discipline." Nature Biotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 2003): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0303-339.

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13

Hu, Jiming, and Yin Zhang. "Measuring the interdisciplinarity of Big Data research: a longitudinal study." Online Information Review 42, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-12-2016-0361.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research based on the co-occurrences of subject categories using Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index. Design/methodology/approach Interdisciplinarity was measured utilizing the descriptive statistics of disciplines, network indicators showing relationships between disciplines and within individual disciplines, interdisciplinary communities, Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index, and a strategic diagram revealing the development status and trends of discipline communities. Findings Comprehensively considering all results, the degree of interdisciplinarity of Big Data research is increasing over time, particularly, after 2013. There is a high level of interdisciplinarity in Big Data research involving a large number of disciplines, but it is unbalanced in distribution. The interdisciplinary collaborations are not intensive on the whole; most disciplines are aggregated into a few distinct communities with computer science, business and economics, mathematics, and biotechnology and applied microbiology as the core. Four major discipline communities in Big Data research represent different directions with different development statuses and trends. Community 1, with computer science as the core, is the most mature and central to the whole interdisciplinary network. Accounting for all network indicators, computer science, engineering, business and economics, social sciences, and mathematics are the most important disciplines in Big Data research. Originality/value This study deepens our understanding of the degree and trend of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research through a longitudinal study and quantitative measures based on two indexes. It has practical implications to study and reveal the interdisciplinary phenomenon and characteristics of related developments of a specific research area, or to conduct comparative studies between different research areas.
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Passalacqua, Nicholas, Marin Pilloud, and Derek Congram. "Forensic Anthropology as a Discipline." Biology 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080691.

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This paper explores the current state of forensic anthropology in the United States as a distinct discipline. Forensic anthropology has become increasingly specialized and the need for strengthened professionalization is becoming paramount. This includes a need for clearly defined qualifications, training, standards of practice, certification processes, and ethical guidelines. Within this discussion, the concept of expertise is explored in relation to professionalization and practice, as both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology have different areas of specialist knowledge, and therefore unique expertise. As working outside one’s area of expertise is an ethical violation, it is important for professional organizations to outline requisite qualifications, develop standards and best practice guidelines, and enforce robust preventive ethical codes in order to serve both their professional members and relevant stakeholders.
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Arheden, Håkan. "Clinical physiology: a successful academic and clinical discipline is threatened in Sweden." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2009.

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Clinical physiologists in Sweden are physicians (the majority with a PhD degree) with thorough training in system physiology and pathophysiology. They investigate patients in a functional approach and are engaged in basic and applied physiology teaching and research. In 1954, clinical physiology was founded as an independent academic and clinical discipline by the Swedish government to ensure “contact between routine clinical work and the scientific progression.” Up until 2008, clinical physiology was an independent clinical discipline but was then made a subdiscipline to radiology, a fundamentally different discipline. Individuals wishing to become clinical physiologists are required to be trained and certified as European radiologists, after which training and certification as clinical physiologists may be pursued. This means that radiologists without training in clinical physiology have become gatekeepers for future clinical physiologists. Unfortunately, this development takes place at a time when research and education in preclinical integrative physiology have diminished in favor of other organizational levels, such as cellular and molecular biology. The responsibilities for education and research in integrative human physiology have therefore mainly been transferred to clinical physiologists. Clinical physiology has been a successful independent clinical discipline in Sweden for the past 55 years and could serve as a model for other countries. Unless clinical physiologists regain control over their own discipline, systems physiology as a knowledge base and resource for patient care, education, and research will be severely impaired.
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Dale, Jeremy W., Rohana Mat Nor, Soshila Ramayah, Thean Hock Tang, and Zainul F. Zainuddin. "Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Malaysia." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1265-1268.1999.

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Molecular typing with IS6110 was applied toMycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all parts of Malaysia. The degree of clustering increased with patient age, suggesting that reactivation may contribute to clustering. Identical banding patterns were also obtained for isolates from widely separate regions. Therefore, the use of clustering as a measure of recent transmission must be treated with caution. Strains related to the Beijing family were common in Peninsular Malaysia but were less common in Sabah and Sarawak, while a distinct group of strains comprised nearly 40% of isolates from East Malaysia but such strains were rare in Peninsular Malaysia. Single-copy strains, common in South and Southeastern Asia, constituted nearly 20% of isolates from the peninsula but were virtually absent in East Malaysia. The marked geographical difference in the prevailing strains indicates not only a restricted dissemination of M. tuberculosis but also a considerable degree of stability in the banding patterns.
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Fasano, Alessio. "Cellular microbiology: can we learn cell physiology from microorganisms?" American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): C765—C776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.4.c765.

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Cellular microbiology is a new discipline that is emerging at the interface between cell biology and microbiology. The application of molecular techniques to the study of bacterial pathogenesis has made possible discoveries that are changing the way scientists view the bacterium-host interaction. Today, research on the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of infective diarrheal diseases of necessity transcends established boundaries between cell biology, bacteriology, intestinal pathophysiology, and immunology. The use of microbial pathogens to address questions in cell physiology is just now yielding promising applications and striking results.
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Nerio, Ron, Althea Webber, Effie MacLachlan, David Lopatto, and Avrom J. Caplan. "One-Year Research Experience for Associate’s Degree Students Impacts Graduation, STEM Retention, and Transfer Patterns." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 2 (June 2019): ar25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-02-0042.

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The CUNY Research Scholars Program (CRSP) provides a yearlong faculty-mentored research experience to associate’s degree students. The program takes place at all 10 associate’s degree–granting colleges within the City University of New York system. We report on a mixed-methods study of 500 students who participated in the program during its initial 3 years. Quantitative longitudinal assessments revealed that students who engaged in CRSP were more likely to be retained in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) discipline or to graduate with a STEM degree than their counterparts in a matched comparison group. Furthermore, students who participated in CRSP demonstrated an increased likelihood of transferring to the more research-intensive 4-year schools within the CUNY system and to R1 universities outside the CUNY system. CRSP students reported an increased sense of belonging in college based on survey data, and focus groups with their mentors provided insight into the factors that led to the gains listed above. These combined results—of student data analysis, student surveys, and mentor focus groups—provide evidence that early research experiences for associate’s degree students contribute to their academic success.
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Woese, Carl R. "A New Biology for a New Century." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, no. 2 (June 2004): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.68.2.173-186.2004.

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SUMMARY Biology today is at a crossroads. The molecular paradigm, which so successfully guided the discipline throughout most of the 20th century, is no longer a reliable guide. Its vision of biology now realized, the molecular paradigm has run its course. Biology, therefore, has a choice to make, between the comfortable path of continuing to follow molecular biology's lead or the more invigorating one of seeking a new and inspiring vision of the living world, one that addresses the major problems in biology that 20th century biology, molecular biology, could not handle and, so, avoided. The former course, though highly productive, is certain to turn biology into an engineering discipline. The latter holds the promise of making biology an even more fundamental science, one that, along with physics, probes and defines the nature of reality. This is a choice between a biology that solely does society's bidding and a biology that is society's teacher.
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Ingraham, John L., and Robert G. E. Murray. "A Bit of History." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.63.2.263-264.1999.

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SUMMARY Reviews of scientific literature began to appear in the 17th century. Journals dedicated to them soon followed, leading eventually to this one, which emerged in the 1930s as Bacteriological Reviews; it adapted to the many changes in our fluid discipline, evolving into the present, much broader Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.
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Dyer, Michael G. "Toward Synthesizing Artificial Neural Networks that Exhibit Cooperative Intelligent Behavior: Some Open Issues in Artificial Life." Artificial Life 1, no. 1_2 (October 1993): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.1993.1.1_2.111.

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The tasks that animals perform require a high degree of intelligence. Animals forage for food, migrate, navigate, court mates, rear offspring, defend against predators, construct nests, and so on. These tasks commonly require social interaction/cooperation and are accomplished by animal nervous systems, which are the result of billions of years of evolution and complex developmental/learning processes. The Artificial Life (AL) approach to synthesizing intelligent behavior is guided by this biological perspective. In this article we examine some of the numerous open problems in synthesizing intelligent animal behavior (especially cooperative behavior involving communication) that face the field of AL, a discipline still in its infancy.
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Douthwaite, Stephen, Jari Jalava, and Lene Jakobsen. "Ketolide resistance inStreptococcus pyogenescorrelates with the degree of rRNA dimethylation by Erm." Molecular Microbiology 58, no. 2 (September 19, 2005): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04863.x.

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Feil, Robert. "Epigenetics, an emerging discipline with broad implications." Comptes Rendus Biologies 331, no. 11 (November 2008): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.027.

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Gottesman, Max E., and Robert A. Weisberg. "Little Lambda, Who Made Thee?" Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, no. 4 (December 2004): 796–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.68.4.796-813.2004.

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SUMMARY The study of the bacteriophage λ has been critical to the discipline of molecular biology. It was the source of key discoveries in the mechanisms of, among other processes, gene regulation, recombination, and transcription initiation and termination. We trace here the events surrounding these findings and draw on the recollections of the participants. We show how a particular atmosphere of interactions among creative scientists yielded spectacular insights into how living things work.
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Popham, David L., Meghan E. Gilmore, and Peter Setlow. "Roles of Low-Molecular-Weight Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Bacillus subtilis Spore Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Spore Properties." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.1.126-132.1999.

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ABSTRACT The peptidoglycan cortex of endospores of Bacillusspecies is required for maintenance of spore dehydration and dormancy, and the structure of the cortex may also allow it to function in attainment of spore core dehydration. A significant difference between spore and growing cell peptidoglycan structure is the low degree of peptide cross-linking in cortical peptidoglycan; regulation of the degree of this cross-linking is exerted byd,d-carboxypeptidases. We report here the construction of mutant B. subtilis strains lacking all combinations of two and three of the four apparentd,d-carboxypeptidases encoded within the genome and the analysis of spore phenotypic properties and peptidoglycan structure for these strains. The data indicate that while thedacA and dacC products have no significant role in spore peptidoglycan formation, the dacB anddacF products both function in regulating the degree of cross-linking of spore peptidoglycan. The spore peptidoglycan of adacB dacF double mutant was very highly cross-linked, and this structural modification resulted in a failure to achieve normal spore core dehydration and a decrease in spore heat resistance. A model for the specific roles of DacB and DacF in spore peptidoglycan synthesis is proposed.
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Drinkwater, Michael J., Kelly E. Matthews, and Jacob Seiler. "How Is Science Being Taught? Measuring Evidence-Based Teaching Practices across Undergraduate Science Departments." CBE—Life Sciences Education 16, no. 1 (March 2017): ar18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-12-0261.

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While there is a wealth of research evidencing the benefits of active-learning approaches, the extent to which these teaching practices are adopted in the sciences is not well known. The aim of this study is to establish an evidential baseline of teaching practices across a bachelor of science degree program at a large research-intensive Australian university. Our purpose is to contribute to knowledge on the adoption levels of evidence-based teaching practices by faculty within a science degree program and inform our science curriculum review in practical terms. We used the Teaching Practices Inventory (TPI) to measure the use of evidence-based teaching approaches in 129 courses (units of study) across 13 departments. We compared the results with those from a Canadian institution to identify areas in need of improvement at our institution. We applied a regression analysis to the data and found that the adoption of evidence-based teaching practices differs by discipline and is higher in first-year classes at our institution. The study demonstrates that the TPI can be used in different institutional contexts and provides data that can inform practice and policy.
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Amin, Divya N., and Gerald L. Hazelbauer. "The Chemoreceptor Dimer Is the Unit of Conformational Coupling and Transmembrane Signaling." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 5 (January 8, 2010): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01391-09.

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ABSTRACT Transmembrane chemoreceptors are central components in bacterial chemotaxis. Receptors couple ligand binding and adaptational modification to receptor conformation in processes that create transmembrane signaling. Homodimers, the fundamental receptor structural units, associate in trimers and localize in patches of thousands. To what degree do conformational coupling and transmembrane signaling require higher-order interactions among dimers? To what degree are they altered by such interactions? To what degree are they inherent features of homodimers? We addressed these questions using nanodiscs to create membrane environments in which receptor dimers had few or no potential interaction partners. Receptors with many, few, or no interaction partners were tested for conformational changes and transmembrane signaling in response to ligand occupancy and adaptational modification. Conformation was assayed by measuring initial rates of receptor methylation, a parameter independent of receptor-receptor interactions. Coupling of ligand occupancy and adaptational modification to receptor conformation and thus to transmembrane signaling occurred with essentially the same sensitivity and magnitude in isolated dimers as for dimers with many neighbors. Thus, we conclude that the chemoreceptor dimer is the fundamental unit of conformational coupling and transmembrane signaling. This implies that in signaling complexes, coupling and transmembrane signaling occur through individual dimers and that changes between dimers in a receptor trimer or among trimer-based signaling complexes are subsequent steps in signaling.
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Bera, Agnieszka, Raja Biswas, Silvia Herbert, Emir Kulauzovic, Christopher Weidenmaier, Andreas Peschel, and Friedrich Götz. "Influence of Wall Teichoic Acid on Lysozyme Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 1 (November 3, 2006): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01221-06.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PG) is completely resistant to the hydrolytic activity of lysozyme. Here we show that modifications in PG by O acetylation, wall teichoic acid, and a high degree of cross-linking contribute to this resistance.
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Markushin, S. G., I. I. Akopova, I. V. Blagodatskikh, S. N. Kulikov, E. A. Bezrodnykh, A. V. Muranov, I. A. Yamskov, and V. E. Tikhonov. "Effect of Molecular Weight and Degree of Acetylation on Adjuvantive Properties of Chitosan Derivatives." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 2018): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683818050149.

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He, Weiwei, and Hanne Christine Bertram. "NMR-Based Metabolomics to Decipher the Molecular Mechanisms in the Action of Gut-Modulating Foods." Foods 11, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172707.

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Metabolomics deals with uncovering and characterizing metabolites present in a biological system, and is a leading omics discipline as it provides the nearest link to the biological phenotype. Within food and nutrition, metabolomics applied to fecal samples and bio-fluids has become an important tool to obtain insight into how food and food components may exert gut-modulating effects. This review aims to highlight how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics in food and nutrition science may help us get beyond where we are today in understanding foods’ inherent, or added, biofunctionalities in relation to gut health.
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Lode, Anja, Claudia Paret, and Gerhard Rödel. "Molecular characterization ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSco2p reveals a high degree of redundancy with Sco1p." Yeast 19, no. 11 (June 24, 2002): 909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.883.

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32

Huang, Qi, Chunsong Cheng, Lili Li, Daiyin Peng, and Cun Zhang. "New Monitoring Strategy for the Quality Control in the Processing Practice of Scutellariae Radix." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190314121434.

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Background: Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) is commonly processed into 3 products for different clinical applications. However, a simple analytical method for quality control has rarely been reported to quickly estimate the degree of processing Huangqin or distinguish differently processed products or unqualified Huangqin products. Objective: To study a new strategy for quality control in the processing practice of Huangqin. Methods: Seven kinds of flavonoids that mainly exist in Huangqin were determined by HPLC-DAD. Chromatographic fingerprints were established to study the variation and discipline of the 3 processed products of Huangqin. PCA and OPLS-DA were used to classify differently processed products of Huangqin. Results: The results showed that baicalin and wogonoside were the main components in the crude and the alcohol Huangqin herb while baicalein and wogonin mainly existed in carbonized Huangqin. The results of mathematical statistics revealed that the processing techniques can make the quality of medicinal materials more uniform. Conclusion: This multivariate monitoring strategy is suitable for quality control in the processing of Huangqin.
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33

Oehler, Stefan. "Feedback Regulation of Lac Repressor Expression in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 16 (June 5, 2009): 5301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00427-09.

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ABSTRACT Negative feedback regulation, mediated through repressor binding site O3, which overlaps the lacI gene, could explain the robustness of the weak expression of Lac repressor. Significant autorepression of Lac repressor has never been ruled out. In the work presented here, the degree of autoregulation of Lac repressor was determined. It is negligible.
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Younes, Islem, Sabrine Sellimi, Marguerite Rinaudo, Kemel Jellouli, and Moncef Nasri. "Influence of acetylation degree and molecular weight of homogeneous chitosans on antibacterial and antifungal activities." International Journal of Food Microbiology 185 (August 2014): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.029.

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35

Seidle, Heather, Vidhya Rangaswamy, Robin Couch, Carol L. Bender, and Ronald J. Parry. "Characterization of Cfa1, a Monofunctional Acyl Carrier Protein Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Phytotoxin Coronatine." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 2499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.8.2499-2503.2004.

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ABSTRACT Cfa1 was overproduced in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas syringae, and the degree of 4′-phosphopantetheinylation was determined. The malonyl-coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (FabD) of P. syringae was overproduced and shown to catalyze malonylation of Cfa1, suggesting that FabD plays a role in coronatine biosynthesis. Highly purified Cfa1 did not exhibit self-malonylation activity.
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36

Ding, Yan-Huai R., Ron S. Ronimus, and Hugh W. Morgan. "Sequencing, Cloning, and High-Level Expression of the pfp Gene, Encoding a PPi-Dependent Phosphofructokinase from the Extremely Thermophilic EubacteriumDictyoglomus thermophilum." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 4661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.16.4661-4666.2000.

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ABSTRACT The sequencing, cloning, and expression of the pfp gene from Dictyoglomus thermophilum, which consists of 1,041 bp and encodes a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, are described. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the enzyme is closely related to the pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme from Thermoproteus tenax. The recombinant and native enzymes share a high degree of similarity for most properties examined.
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37

Perkins-Balding, D., D. P. Dias, and A. C. Glasgow. "Location, degree, and direction of DNA bending associated with the Hin recombinational enhancer sequence and Fis-enhancer complex." Journal of bacteriology 179, no. 15 (1997): 4747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.15.4747-4753.1997.

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38

Regua-Mangia, Adriana H., Tânia A. T. Gomes, Mônica A. M. Vieira, Kinue Irino, and Lúcia M. Teixeira. "Molecular typing and virulence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.006502-0.

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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains have been implicated as emerging aetiological agents of diarrhoea worldwide. In the present study, 43 EAEC strains were serotyped and characterized according to random amplification of polymorphic DNA profiles, PFGE, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and the presence of putative virulence genes (hly, aero, kps, fim, aggA, aafA, aggR, astA, she, aap, shf and pet). The EAEC strains consisted of a diversity of serotypes including eight O-non-typable and 35 O-typable strains arranged into 21 O : H combinations. Amplification of specific genes revealed that all strains carried at least two of the virulence sequences investigated. fim, aggR and aap were the most frequent genes in both groups studied. hly, aero and aggA sequences were more prevalent in the diarrhoeal group. kps occurred exclusively in strains isolated from symptomatic children and showed strong association with diarrhoeal disease. The molecular approaches used to investigate the relatedness among EAEC strains revealed a high degree of polymorphism, suggesting that these micro-organisms have a non-clonal origin. A closer relationship was observed among EAEC strains sharing O : H types. No significant clustering could be identified related to the virulence traits investigated; however, the she locus showed clonal distribution by MLEE typing. These results are in accordance with previous findings in revealing the conservation of particular EAEC factors, despite the high degree of diversity related to both genotypic and phenotypic markers.
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39

Kabelitz, Nadja, Pedro M. Santos, and Hermann J. Heipieper. "Effect of aliphatic alcohols on growth and degree of saturation of membrane lipids inAcinetobacter calcoaceticus." FEMS Microbiology Letters 220, no. 2 (March 2003): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00103-4.

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40

Martínez, C., P. Cosgaya, C. Vásquez, S. Gac, and A. Ganga. "High degree of correlation between molecular polymorphism and geographic origin of wine yeast strains." Journal of Applied Microbiology 103, no. 6 (August 2, 2007): 2185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03493.x.

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41

Belfaiza, J., A. Martel, D. Margarita, and I. Saint Girons. "Direct Sulfhydrylation for Methionine Biosynthesis in Leptospira meyeri." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 2 (January 15, 1998): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.2.250-255.1998.

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ABSTRACT A gene library of the Leptospira meyeri serovar semaranga strain Veldrat S.173 DNA has been constructed in a mobilizable cosmid with inserts of up to 40 kb. It was demonstrated that a Leptospira DNA fragment carrying metYcomplemented Escherichia coli strains carrying mutations inmetB. The latter gene encodes cystathionine γ-synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the second step of the methionine biosynthetic pathway. The metY gene is 1,304 bp long and encodes a 443-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 45 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The deduced amino acid sequence of theLeptospira metY product has a high degree of similarity to those of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylases fromAspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A lower degree of sequence similarity was also found with bacterial cystathionine γ-synthase. The L. meyeri metY gene was overexpressed under the control of the T7 promoter. MetY exhibits an O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase activity. Genetic, enzymatic, and physiological studies reveal that the transsulfuration pathway via cystathionine does not exist in L. meyeri, in contrast to the situation found for fungi and some bacteria. Our results indicate, therefore, that the L. meyeri MetY enzyme is able to perform direct sulfhydrylation for methionine biosynthesis by using O-acetylhomoserine as a substrate.
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42

de Marco, Paolo, Pedro Moradas-Ferreira, Timothy P. Higgins, Ian McDonald, Elizabeth M. Kenna, and J. Colin Murrell. "Molecular Analysis of a Novel Methanesulfonic Acid Monooxygenase from the Methylotroph Methylosulfonomonas methylovora." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 2244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.7.2244-2251.1999.

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ABSTRACT Methylosulfonomonas methylovora M2 is an unusual gram-negative methylotrophic bacterium that can grow on methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as the sole source of carbon and energy. Oxidation of MSA by this bacterium is carried out by a multicomponent MSA monooxygenase (MSAMO). Cloning and sequencing of a 7.5-kbp SphI fragment of chromosomal DNA revealed four tightly linked genes encoding this novel monooxygenase. Analysis of the deduced MSAMO polypeptide sequences indicated that the enzyme contains a two-component hydroxylase of the mononuclear-iron-center type. The large subunit of the hydroxylase, MsmA (48 kDa), contains a typical Rieske-type [2Fe–2S] center with an unusual iron-binding motif and, together with the small subunit of the hydroxylase, MsmB (20 kDa), showed a high degree of identity with a number of dioxygenase enzymes. However, the other components of the MSAMO, MsmC, the ferredoxin component, and MsmD, the reductase, more closely resemble those found in other classes of oxygenases. MsmC has a high degree of identity to ferredoxins from toluene and methane monooxygenases, which are enzymes characterized by possessing hydroxylases containing μ-oxo bridge binuclear iron centers. MsmD is a reductase of 38 kDa with a typical chloroplast-like [2Fe–2S] center and conserved flavin adenine dinucleotide- and NAD-binding motifs and is similar to a number of mono- and dioxygenase reductase components. Preliminary analysis of the genes encoding MSAMO from a marine MSA-degrading bacterium, Marinosulfonomonas methylotropha, revealed the presence of msm genes highly related to those found in Methylosulfonomonas, suggesting that MSAMO is a novel type of oxygenase that may be conserved in all MSA-utilizing bacteria.
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43

Zambelli, A. "THE IMPACT OF MOLECULAR GENETICS IN PLANT BREEDING: REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES." Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 30, no. 1 (July 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2019.xxx.01.02.

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Even when conventional breeding was effective in achieving a continuous improvement in yield, Molecular Genetics tools applied in plant breeding contributed to maximize genetic gain. Thus, the use of DNA technology applied in agronomic improvement gave rise to Molecular Breeding, discipline which groups the different breeding strategies where genotypic selection, based on DNA markers, are used in combination with or in replacement of phenotypic selection. These strategies can be listed as: marker-assisted selection; marker-assisted backcrossing; marker assisted recurrent selection; and genomic selection. Strong arguments have been made about the potential advantages that Molecular Breeding brings, although little has been devoted to discussing its feasibility in practical applications. The consequence of the lack of a deep analysis when implementing a strategy of Molecular Breeding is its failure, leading to many undesirable outcomes and discouraging breeders from using the technology. The aim of this work is to trigger a debate about the convenience of the use of Molecular Breeding strategies in a breeding program considering the DNA technology of choice, the complexity of the trait of agronomic interest to be improved, the expected accuracy in the selection, and the demanded resources. Key words: DNA marker, selection, plant improvement.
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44

Gerngross, U. T., M. P. M. Romaniec, T. Kobayashi, N. S. Huskisson, and A. L. Demain. "Sequencing of a Clostridium thermocellum gene (cipA) encoding the cellulosomal SL-protein reveals an unusual degree of internal homology." Molecular Microbiology 10, no. 5 (December 1993): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00987.x.

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45

Gerngross, U. T., M. P. M. Romaniec, T. Kobayashi, N. S. Huskisson, and A. L. Demain. "Sequencing of a Clostridium thermocellum gene (cipA) encoding the cellulosomal SL-protein reveals an unusual degree of internal homology." Molecular Microbiology 8, no. 2 (April 1993): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01576.x.

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46

Dill-McFarland, Kimberly A., Stephan G. König, Florent Mazel, David C. Oliver, Lisa M. McEwen, Kris Y. Hong, and Steven J. Hallam. "An integrated, modular approach to data science education in microbiology." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e1008661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008661.

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We live in an increasingly data-driven world, where high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry platforms are transforming biology into an information science. This has shifted major challenges in biological research from data generation and processing to interpretation and knowledge translation. However, postsecondary training in bioinformatics, or more generally data science for life scientists, lags behind current demand. In particular, development of accessible, undergraduate data science curricula has the potential to improve research and learning outcomes as well as better prepare students in the life sciences to thrive in public and private sector careers. Here, we describe the Experiential Data science for Undergraduate Cross-Disciplinary Education (EDUCE) initiative, which aims to progressively build data science competency across several years of integrated practice. Through EDUCE, students complete data science modules integrated into required and elective courses augmented with coordinated cocurricular activities. The EDUCE initiative draws on a community of practice consisting of teaching assistants (TAs), postdocs, instructors, and research faculty from multiple disciplines to overcome several reported barriers to data science for life scientists, including instructor capacity, student prior knowledge, and relevance to discipline-specific problems. Preliminary survey results indicate that even a single module improves student self-reported interest and/or experience in bioinformatics and computer science. Thus, EDUCE provides a flexible and extensible active learning framework for integration of data science curriculum into undergraduate courses and programs across the life sciences.
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47

Mellegård, H., S. P. Strand, B. E. Christensen, P. E. Granum, and S. P. Hardy. "Antibacterial activity of chemically defined chitosans: Influence of molecular weight, degree of acetylation and test organism." International Journal of Food Microbiology 148, no. 1 (July 2011): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.023.

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48

Neeli-Venkata, Ramakanth, Antti Martikainen, Abhishekh Gupta, Nadia Gonçalves, Jose Fonseca, and Andre S. Ribeiro. "Robustness of the Process of Nucleoid Exclusion of Protein Aggregates in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 6 (January 4, 2016): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00848-15.

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ABSTRACTEscherichia colisegregates protein aggregates to the poles by nucleoid exclusion. Combined with cell divisions, this generates heterogeneous aggregate distributions in subsequent cell generations. We studied the robustness of this process with differing medium richness and antibiotics stress, which affect nucleoid size, using multimodal, time-lapse microscopy of live cells expressing both a fluorescently tagged chaperone (IbpA), which identifiesin vivothe location of aggregates, and HupA-mCherry, a fluorescent variant of a nucleoid-associated protein. We find that the relative sizes of the nucleoid's major and minor axes change widely, in a positively correlated fashion, with medium richness and antibiotic stress. The aggregate's distribution along the major cell axis also changes between conditions and in agreement with the nucleoid exclusion phenomenon. Consequently, the fraction of aggregates at the midcell region prior to cell division differs between conditions, which will affect the degree of asymmetries in the partitioning of aggregates between cells of future generations. Finally, from the location of the peak of anisotropy in the aggregate displacement distribution, the nucleoid relative size, and the spatiotemporal aggregate distribution, we find that the exclusion of detectable aggregates from midcell is most pronounced in cells with mid-sized nucleoids, which are most common under optimal conditions. We conclude that the aggregate management mechanisms ofE. coliare significantly robust but are not immune to stresses due to the tangible effect that these have on nucleoid size.IMPORTANCEEscherichia colisegregates protein aggregates to the poles by nucleoid exclusion. From live single-cell microscopy studies of the robustness of this process to various stresses known to affect nucleoid size, we find that nucleoid size and aggregate preferential locations change concordantly between conditions. Also, the degree of influence of the nucleoid on aggregate positioning differs between conditions, causing aggregate numbers at midcell to differ in cell division events, which will affect the degree of asymmetries in the partitioning of aggregates between cells of future generations. Finally, we find that aggregate segregation to the cell poles is most pronounced in cells with mid-sized nucleoids. We conclude that the energy-free process of the midcell exclusion of aggregates partially loses effectiveness under stressful conditions.
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49

Stoll, Sascha, Heike Feldhaar, and Roy Gross. "Promoter Characterization in the AT-Rich Genome of the Obligate Endosymbiont “Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus”." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 11 (March 27, 2009): 3747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00069-09.

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ABSTRACT The characterization of transcriptional start sites of 14 genes encoded by the extremely AT-rich genome of “Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus” revealed a high degree of conservation with the RpoD promoter consensus sequence of the free-living relative Escherichia coli. Moreover, in agreement with the presence of the alternative heat shock sigma factor RpoH in “Ca. Blochmannia,” typical RpoH-dependent promoters were identified. However, no heat shock response resembling that of E. coli could be detected in “Ca. Blochmannia.”
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50

Matsvay, Alina, Marina Dyachkova, Ivan Mikhaylov, Daniil Kiselev, Anna Say, Valentina Burskaia, Ilya Artyushin, Kamil Khafizov, and German Shipulin. "Complete Genome Sequence, Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of a Novel Tern Atadenovirus." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010031.

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Discovery and study of viruses carried by migratory birds are tasks of high importance due to the host’s ability to spread infectious diseases over significant distances. With this paper, we present and characterize the first complete genome sequence of atadenovirus from a tern bird (common tern, Sterna hirundo) preliminarily named tern atadenovirus 1 (TeAdV-1). TeAdV-1 genome is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, 31,334 base pairs which contain 30 methionine-initiated open reading frames with gene structure typical for Atadenovirus genus, and the shortest known inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) within the Atadenovirus genus consisted of 25 bases. The nucleotide composition of the genome is characterized by a low G + C content (33.86%), which is the most AT-rich genome of known avian adenoviruses within Atadenovirus genus. The nucleotide sequence of the TeAdV-1 genome shows high divergence compared to known representatives of the Atadenovirus genus with the highest similarity to the duck atadenovirus 1 (53.7%). Phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequences of core genes confirms the taxonomic affiliation of the new representative to the genus Atadenovirus with the degree of divergence from the known representatives exceeding the interspecies distance within the genus. Thereby we proposed a novel TeAdV-1 to be considered as a separate species.
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