Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Landscape Architecture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Landscape Architecture"
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Jia, Zixuan. "Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning Based on Big Data Analysis Technology." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2721247.
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Aiming at the goal of high-quality development of the landscape architecture industry, we should actively promote the development and integration of digital, networked, and intelligent technologies and promote the intelligent and diversified development of the landscape architecture industry. Due to the limitation of drawing design technology and construction method, the traditional landscape architecture construction cannot really understand the public demands, and the construction scheme also relies on the experience and subjective aesthetics of professionals, resulting in improper connection between design and construction. At present, under the guidance of the national strategy, under the background of the rapid development of digital technologies such as 5G, big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and digital twins, the high integration of landscape architecture construction and digital technology has led to the transformation of the production mode of landscape architecture construction. Abundant professional data and convenient information processing platform enable landscape planners, designers, and builders to evaluate the whole life cycle of the project more scientifically and objectively and realize the digitalization of the whole process of investigation, analysis, design, construction, operation, and maintenance. For the landscape architecture industry, the significance of digital technology is not only to change the production tools but also to update the environmental awareness, design response, and construction methods, which makes the landscape architecture planning and design achieve the organic combination of qualitative and quantitative and also makes the landscape architecture discipline more scientific and rational. In this paper, the new method of combining grey relational degree with machine learning is used to provide new guidance for traditional landscape planning by using big data information in landscape design and has achieved very good results. The article analyzes the guidance of landscape architecture design under the big data in China and provides valuable reference for promoting the construction of landscape architecture in China.
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Luis Maldonado, Luis Maldonado. "Time Drawing as a Key Practice for Beginners in Landscape Architecture." SPOOL 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/spool.2022.3.02.
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The subject matter of the Landscape Expression course for students starting the master’s degree in landscape architecture at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Barcelona is the dynamic representation of landscape. Its objective is to introduce new students to changing and temporal aspects of the problem of its graphic representation.
In our case, few of the students have previous landscape architecture training. Most of them come from disciplines dealing with spatial development or space, such as architecture or engineering. Others come from fields of knowledge related to biology or the environment and are not used to design and the need to graphically communicate that it implies. The course confronts students with the contradiction between landscape – diverse and dynamic – and our flat and static representations.
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Shipitsyna, Olga A., and Nadezhda S. Solonina. "A CONCEPT FOR TRAINING ‘MASTER OF ARCHTECTURE’ DEGREE PROFESSIONALS WITH REFERENCE TO THE REVALORIZATION OF HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL TERRITORIES IN THE MIDDLE URALS." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 3(71) (September 29, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-3(71)-18.
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The article substantiates the need for training architects in the field of industrial heritage conservation and re-use. Based on a review of European and domestic experiences in industrial heritage revalorization and advanced approaches to the training of such professionals, a concept of master’s degree course is proposed to be delivered at the Ural States University of Architecture and Art within the discipline “Architectural Design of Urban Industrial Infrastructure”. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the course are defined within the framework of a concept of comprehensive revalorization of the Middle Urals mining and metal-making landscape. This concept allows for the historical background of this Russian old industrial region and includes a specially developed methodology for conducting research at different levels and developing re-use projects. In conclusion, a detailed consideration is given to how relevant research and design skills should be developed in students by engaging them in individual and team work based on specialized historical and theoretical knowledge in the field of industrial heritage management.
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Mu, Bo, Chang Liu, Guohang Tian, Yaqiong Xu, Yali Zhang, Audrey L. Mayer, Rui Lv, Ruizhen He, and Gunwoo Kim. "Conceptual Planning of Urban–Rural Green Space from a Multidimensional Perspective: A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072863.
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The structure and function of green-space system is an eternal subject of landscape architecture, especially due to limited land and a need for the coordinated development of PLEs (production, living, and ecological spaces). To make planning more scientific, this paper explored green-space structure planning via multidimensional perspectives and methods using a case study of Zhengzhou. The paper applies theories (from landscape architecture and landscape ecology) and technologies (like remote sensing, GIS—geographic information system, graph theory, and aerography) from different disciplines to analyze current green-space structure and relevant physical factors to identify and exemplify different green-space planning strategies. Overall, our analysis reveals that multiple green-space structures should be considered together and that planners and designers should have multidisciplinary knowledge. For specific strategies, the analysis finds (i) that green complexes enhance various public spaces and guide comprehensive development of urban spaces; (ii) that green ecological corridors play a critical role in regional ecological stability through maintaining good connectivity and high node degree (Dg) and betweenness centrality index (BC) green spaces; (iii) that greenway networks can integrate all landscape resources to provide more secured spaces for animals and beautiful public spaces for humans; (iv) that blue-green ecological networks can help rainwater and urban flooding disaster management; and (v) that green ventilation corridors provide air cleaning and urban cooling benefits, which can help ensure healthy and comfortable urban–rural environments. In our view, this integrated framework for planning and design green-space structure helps make the process scientific and relevant for guiding future regional green-space structure.
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Lazić, Katarina O., and Danijela D. Đorđević. "Učestali leksički spojevi u oblasti biotehnike u apstraktima studenata poljoprivrede na engleskom jeziku." УЗДАНИЦА XIX, no. 1 (June 2022): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica19.1.125l.
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This paper deals with the identification and classification of lexical bundles that are commonly used in biotechnical texts in abstracts written by master’s degree students of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade in English as a foreign language, more precisely English for Specific Purposes. Although in previous research lexical bundles of native Serbian speak- ers have been observed in the English texts of several biotechnical disciplines, this paper is the first research on the example of agriculture. The corpus researched within this paper consists of abstracts written by students of the Master’s degree programme of Agriculture (Modules: Field and Vegetable Crop Sciences, Horticulture, Soil and Water Management, Animal Science, Bio- technical and Information Engineering and Organic Agriculture) at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, as part of pre-examination assignments in the course English language (compulsory subject, 5 lessons per week) in the first term of the academic year 2020/2021. The analyzed sample is a corpus of abstracts written by master’s degree students consisting of 10,667 words. The corpus was searched with the LancsBox software to find the lexical bundles of native English speakers that are commonly found in biotechnical texts. Previous research (Lazić 2017) identified the most commonly used lexical bundles in the texts of four biotechnical disciplines including forestry, wood processing, ecological engineering and landscape architecture, and identified the bundles with potentials for application in teaching. Once the lexical bundles were singled out in the texts of student abstracts from the field of agriculture, the use of the most common lexical bundles of biotechnical articles was analyzed. In addition, it was investigated to which groups of lexical bundles with the potential for application in foreign language teaching of biotechnical English they belong, which also indicated the insufficiently used groups of lexical bundles in the student abstracts. The results show that the priority groups for use in teaching are lexical bundles for hedging, the ones with the adverb likely, those that refer to tables and graphs, lexical bundles in the passive voice, as well as the group of functional taxonomy called lexical bundles oriented towards the participant. The limitation of this research is that it investigated a relatively small corpus of 10.667 words. It is concluded that the use of lexical bundles by agricul- tural students was influenced by the specifics of their discipline, the fact that the texts are written by students and not by affirmed authors, as well as by the fact that we investigated the writing of abstracts and not complete scientific articles. The pedagogical significance of this research can be seen in improving the teaching of English as a foreign language in the field of agriculture. In a broader sense, this study can be a possible contribution to the affirmation of researchers and scientists who write and publish papers in the English language in the field of agriculture.
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Markova, Madara. "Landscape sociology as developing academic discipline." Landscape architecture and art 14 (July 16, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.09.
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The common tendency in higher education is specialisation. Landscape has been subject of interest in sociology from its beginnings, and social aspects are one of mane characteristic parts of landscape. Even more – sociology is strong theoretical basis of landscape architecture. The research is made with aim to understand theoretical basis of landscape sociology as developing academic discipline. Methodology used in research is systematic literature review, which provides range of tools to identify connections in theory. Literature review was done to define landscape sociology as important academic discipline in higher education of landscape architecture. Landscape and sociology as academic disciplines have long history, but landscape sociology as separate discipline is still developing. It is important include landscape sociology in landscape architecture higher education.
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Galan, Juanjo, Felix Bourgeau, and Bas Pedroli. "A Multidimensional Model for the Vernacular: Linking Disciplines and Connecting the Vernacular Landscape to Sustainability Challenges." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166347.
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After developing a systematic analysis of the vernacular phenomenon in different disciplines, this paper presents a flexible model to understand the multiple factors and the different degrees of vernacularity behind the many processes that lead to the generation of material culture. The conceptual model offers an open, polythetic and integrative approach to the vernacular by assuming that it operates in different dimensions (temporal, socio-political, sociological, locational, epistemological, procedural, economic and functional), and that the many attributes or characteristics included in those dimensions are all relevant but not strictly necessary. The model is intended to facilitate a more methodical and rigorous connection between the vernacular concept and contemporary discourses on sustainability, resilience, globalization, governance, and rural-urban development. In addition, and due to its transdisciplinary character, the model will enable the development of comparative studies within and between a wide range of fields (architecture, landscape studies, design, planning and geography). A prospective analysis of the use of the model in rural landscapes reveals its potential to mediate between the protective approach that has characterized official planning during the last decades and emergent approaches that advocate the reinterpretation of the vernacular as a new form to generate new collective identities and to reconnect people and place.
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Leatherbarrow, David. "Is landscape architecture?" Architectural Research Quarterly 15, no. 3 (September 2011): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135511000753.
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I was not the first to pose this question; it was first asked in print by Garrett Eckbo, one of the most important landscape architects in America in the twentieth century. One could equally reverse the question and ask: ‘Is architecture landscape?’. In either formulation the question is about the relationship between two arts that are normally understood as separate professions these days. In fact, Eckbo was not the first to puzzle over this issue, even if his exact formulation had no antecedents. The question had already been posed in the nineteenth century, when landscape architecture emerged as a distinct discipline. The early theorists of the field, Humphry Repton and John Claudius Loudon in England, Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy in France, and Andrew Jackson Downing in the USA, all wondered about the relationships between these two practices – if indeed they were two. The professional accrediting and licensing bodies that were formed subsequently tried to settle the matter and institutionalise the distinction. But the question may be older, for it is possible to say that the distinction between these disciplines, at least the suggestion of fundamental differences, was debated even earlier in the eighteenth century. The cases I have in mind include the Abbé Laugier and William Chambers; the first compared the routes through a forest to the streets of a town, while the second used landscape aesthetics to evaluate the merits of a building's facade. Despite this tradition and indeed maybe because of it, the questions these theorists asked have not disappeared in our time.
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Costa, Thais Santos, Elzilane Carvalho, Wilson De Barros Feitosa Júnior, Raquel Nadine Cavalcante Ferreira, and Joelmir Marques da Silva. "Applied Botany to Landscape Architecture as a discipline: an experience in the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate course at Federal University of Pernambuco." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.1.p221-233.
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Knowing and understanding plants are essential factors for a successful landscape architecture project. Great landscape architects from the 20th and 21st centuries - such as Burle Marx, Fernando Chacel, Rosa Kliass, Caldeira Cabral, and Piet Oudolf - perceive vegetation as a link between nature and the city, in which the valuation and the respect for the landscape are the central points. Unfortunately, little focus has been given to the appropriate employment of plants in landscape architecture projects at architecture and urbanism schools, resulting in generic planting schemes. Should these schemes be called landscape architecture projects? Oppositely, Applied Botany to Landscape Architecture has as one of its objectives providing knowledge for the conception of plant palettes, which should consider not only aesthetic criteria but also biological and environmental ones from each species to establish a harmonious relationship with the existing environment. Thus, this article intends to present the experience and the results achieved in the discipline AQ553 - Special Topics in Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape Architecture Theory III (Applied Botany to Landscape Architecture). For this discipline, it was adopted descriptive and bibliographical research as a methodology, which has made possible the understanding of aesthetical and environmental matters related to the plant element and how these attributes can be reflected in a landscape architecture project. By leading students to consider the architectural and biological aspects of the vegetation components in their proposals, the procedure adopted in this discipline had great outcomes; for instance, improvements in the areas of environmental perception, graphic representation and design of landscaping projects.
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Banek, Tadeusz, Patryk Krupiński, and Margot Dudkiewicz. "Optimization in landscape architecture." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900002.
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Contemporary architectural proposals usually have to meet many different criteria. The most important are functionality and aesthetics, as well as rationality understood as a reference to costs. In this approach, the architectural proposal appears as a solution to the typical task considered in the Multi-criteria Decision Theory in the discipline generally referred to as Optimization. The paper presents examples of sixteenthcentury garden compositions, to try to answer the question of what the then residents (aristocrats) and the creators who fulfilled their wishes, were guided by. The homeland of the Renaissance is Italy, and the characteristics of this style were: geometry of space in the form of axial arrangement of rooms, symmetry, sheared forms of evergreen plants, and motifs referring to mythology. The basis of the Renaissance garden composition is a simple network of roads and squares, strongly connected to the main building and the remaining garden architecture. Mathematical principles, such as golden division of the segment and the Fibonacci sequence, were used as a way to bring beauty and balance to a design. This style is characterized by clipped garden ground floors with boxwood and molded vegetation. Roses, tulips, peonies and lavender were planted between shaped hedges. The terrace arrangement of some gardens has forced the creation of additional structures, such as retaining walls, ramps, balustrades and stairs. The paper discusses the subject of the golden division and its share in individual garden compositions. The authors showed many mathematical relationships that architects used when designing the described garden assumptions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Landscape Architecture"
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Popov, Nikolay Nikolov. "LAS (Landscape Architectural Simulations) : how can Netlogo be used in the landscape architectural design process? An explanatory document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture, Unitec New Zealand /." Diss., 2007. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=unitec_landsc_di.
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Hershey, Dustin Sieracki Jennifer. "A practicum for the development of a community-based master plan for the Jefferson-Chalmers area parks a practicum submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Lanscape Architecture ... /." 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=VXBRAAAAMAAJ.
Full textBooks on the topic "Degree Discipline: Landscape Architecture"
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Landscape and the zero degree of architectural language =: Paesaggistica e linguaggio grado zero dell'architectura. Venice, Italy: Canal & Stamperia Editrice, 2000.
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Tarn, J. N. Degree Course Guide: Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Planning (Degree Course Guides). Hobsons Publishing PLC, 1989.
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1918-, Zevi Bruno, ed. Paesaggistica e linguaggio grado zero dell'architettura =: Landscape and the zero degree of architectural language. Venezia: Canal & Stamperia, 1999.
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Zevi, Bruno. Landscape and the Zero Degree of Architectural Language/Paesaggistica E Linguaggio Grado Zero Dell'Architettura. Canal and Stamperia Editorial, 2000.
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CHARM OF THE ENGLISH GARDEN. BRACKEN BKS., 1985.
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Mura, Anna, and Tony J. Prescott. A sketch of the education landscape in biomimetic and biohybrid systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0064.
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The Living Machines approach, which can be seen as an exemplar methodology for a wider initiative towards “convergent science,” implies and requires a transdisciplinary understanding that bridges from between science and engineering and to the social sciences, arts, and humanities. In addition, it emphasizes a mix of basic and applied approaches whilst also requiring an awareness of the societal context in which modern research and innovation activities are conducted. This chapter explores the education landscape for postgraduate programs related to the concept of Living Machines, highlighting some challenges that should be addressed and providing suggestions for future course development and policy making. The chapter also reviews some of the within-discipline and across-discipline programs that currently exist, particularly within Europe and the US, and outlines an exemplar degree program that could provide the multi-faceted training needed to pursue research and innovation in Living Machines.
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Field, George, and Martin M‘Dermot. Aesthetics, Or The Analogy Of The Sensible Sciences Indicated. Thoemmes Continuum, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350276314.
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Aesthetics, established as an independent philosophical discipline in the 18th century, was often overlooked in the 19th until such later writers as Bosanquet, Santyana, Collingwood and Wittgenstein helped bring it back into the philosophical mainstream. Yet the 19th century saw a tremendous upsurge in periodical and literary publishing, the rise and influence of Romanticism, the invention of photography, the beginnings of mass tourism and its consequential enthusiasms for domestic and foreign landscape, painting, architecture, music and the plastic arts. All these developments had a profound effect on aesthetic thinking. George Field’s overlooked text from 1820 and Martin M’Dermot’s A Critical Dissertation on the Nature and Principles of Taste from 1823 re-open the doors for fresh discussion, debate and understanding of this neglected period. In Aesthetics, Or The Analogy Of The Sensible Science Indicated, George Field introduces an aesthetics as that ‘genus of science which comprehends whatever lies between physical or material and metaphysical or intellectual science”. Taken together they demonstrate the fertility of aesthetic thought that occurred in these times and help bridge the gap in aesthetics understanding between Burke's "Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas the Sublime and the Beautiful" (1757) and the modern period.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Landscape Architecture"
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, and Xiaoxuan Lu. "A Pedagogy of Critical Landscape Planning." In Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 13–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_2.
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AbstractThis chapter, A Pedagogy of critical landscape planning, outlines a form of critical research and practice in landscape architecture that actively engages the global development community. We frame critical landscape planning as produced through three primary struggles: holding cultural-technological positions; ensuring transdisciplinary approaches through culturing and immersion; and maintaining momentum via process-oriented approaches to development. We cover critical landscape planning’s definition as an applied critical research practice, address its primary challenges institutionally, academically, and practically, and describe the aspects of the landscape architecture design discipline that enable it. This is conveyed through reflection on our approaches to project case study selection and design exercises, stakeholder relationships, approaches to fieldwork, capacity for intervention, and association with parallel research efforts. Much of the contents, although supported academically, are structured as suggestions that are equally important as methods for design research and professional practice. These suggestions include replacing “site analysis” with a process of site-specific interdisciplinary socialization and replacing design and planning “concepts” with generative (even if often incommensurable) cultural-technological positions.
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Thompson, Ian. "5. An environmental discipline." In Landscape Architecture, 51–62. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681204.003.0005.
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Liu, Chunqing, Xiaowen Jin, Zhi Yue, Zhen Wu, and Jon Bryan Burley. "The American Landscape Architecture Research Universe and a Higher Education Ordination: Descriptive Insights into the Discipline and Profession of Landscape Architecture." In Landscape Architecture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99119.
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Landscape scholars, educators, and academics are interested in the structure and nature of the knowledgebase that comprises both the discipline of landscape architecture and the profession of landscape architecture. In this study, the latent nature of the landscape architecture discipline was revealed by constructing a principal component citation analysis representation (the landscape architecture research universe) concerning several decades of literature (1982–2017) in Landscape Journal, a preeminent American journal addressing landscape architecture research. In addition, an ordination was developed describing the curriculum relationships between fifteen top American universities teaching landscape architecture as identified by ‘DesignIntelligence,’ preparing students for practicing in the profession of landscape architecture. The results revealed that in the discipline, the research activity is highly diverse along many dimensions, constantly evolving as new topics are explored. The pattern in landscape architecture research is broad, as the discipline integrates knowledge and ideas in many fields. In contrast, landscape architecture curriculums, teaching the fundamentals of the profession, are fairly closely clustered together and quite similar, with small differences reflecting emphasis in either landscape history or the visual arts, and mathematics or course electives. This dual identity is both a source of conflict and a unique opportunity.
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"“Complex Projects”: Landscape Architecture as the Integrating Discipline." In Re-Scaling the Environment, 253–70. Birkhäuser, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035608236-016.
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Rippon, Stephen. "Introduction: The evolution of territorial identities in the English landscape." In Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.003.0007.
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This is a study of the territorial structures within which past communities managed their landscapes. Today, we live our lives within a complex hierarchy of administrative units that includes parishes, districts, counties, and nations, and while some of these are recent in origin, others are deeply rooted in the past: most parts of England, for example, still have counties that are direct successors to the shires recorded in Domesday and which still form the basis for our local government. These territorial entities are an important part of our history, giving communities a sense of place and identity, and this book will explore where this aspect of our landscape has come from: might county names such as Essex— meaning the ‘East Saxons’—suggest that they originated as early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, and if so, what was the relationship between these kingdoms and the Romano-British civitates and Iron Age kingdoms that preceded them? The idea that the landscape all around us has a long and complex history is a familiar one. For a long time, however, continuity stretching back to the Roman period and beyond was thought to be rare. Archaeologists and historians have argued that once Britain ceased to be part of the Roman Empire, its economy collapsed, and it was not long before hordes of Angles and Saxons sailed across the North Sea and dispossessed the Britons of their land. This was thought to have marked the onset of the ‘dark ages’ before the flowering of a new era of civilization—the ‘Middle Ages’—a few centuries later. Although this was the view when Hoskins (1955) wrote his Making of the English Landscape, it is noteworthy that in the same year Finberg (1955) published a short paper speculating that there may have been considerable continuitywithin the landscape at Withington in Gloucestershire. Overall, however, while some Romanists saw a degree of overlap and continuity during the Anglo-Saxon colonization, most saw the fifth century as one of dramatic change reflected in the apparent desertion of most towns and villas, the collapse of market-based trade and manufacturing, and the introduction of entirely new forms of architecture, burial practice and material culture (see Esmonde Cleary 2014, 3 for a historiography).
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Pluckhahn, Thomas J., and Victor D. Thompson. "A Center Emerges." In New Histories of Village Life at Crystal River, 71–100. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400356.003.0003.
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Current radiocarbon evidence suggests that monument construction at Crystal River began sometime around 1000 BC, based on dating of human remains excavated from the circular embankment of the Main Burial Complex. Construction of the two burial mounds began a few centuries later, but likewise predates the earliest occupation of the village. Thus, the site began as a vacant ceremonial center, probably a place where small family groups dispersed on small islands in the surrounding landscape came together at certain times of the year. This pattern is typical for burial mound sites on the Gulf Coast, but Crystal River exhibits a unique degree of elaboration of architecture and burial treatments that suggest it had already emerged as a regional center. Likewise, the presence of large quantities of exotic Hopewell culture artifacts in a few burials suggest that certain people were already differentiated from others, perhaps owing to their roles as ritual specialists.
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Radman, Andrej. "Space Always Comes After: It Is Good When It Comes After; It Is Good Only When It Comes After." In Speculative Art Histories. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474421041.003.0011.
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The chapter suggests that the dominant architectural history is too logocentric and not speculative enough. As such, its only merit is to translate a coexistence of becomings into a succession of neat logically necessary types. The case will be made for the role of topology as the antidote to the pernicious typological essentialism. Architecture needs to be free from the ideas of epoch and destiny. Following Brian Massumi’s lead, the speculative aspect relates to the contingently obligatory becoming, an event: “intrepidly future-facing, far-rangingly foretracing.” While it would appear logical that space should precede affordance, in fact the inverse holds true. The degree zero of spatial experience occurs at the level of the unconscious and is proto-subjective and sub-representational. As Hayles put it, consciousness is overrated. In terms of architectural thinking everything begins from the sensible. However, the task of speculative thinking is to go beyond the sensible to the potentials that make sensibility possible. After all, the basic medium of the discipline of architecture, as we see it, is the ‘space of experience’. This spatium, which is not to be confused with the ‘experience of space’, does not pre-exist but subsists as a virtuality. According to Deleuze, the plane of composition - as a work of sensation - is aesthetic: "it is the material that passes into the sensation." Once aesthetics is drawn into the context of production its realm expands to become a dimension of being itself. Both subjects and objects come to be seen as derivative. Consequently, the mereological relationship - which is perfectly suitable for the realm of the extensive - needs to be radically revamped in order to become capable of capturing topological transformations. But what we are advocating is not a formalisable model. Quite the contrary, any technological determinism needs to be kept at bay. What is needed instead is heuristics as a practice of material inference. However disadvantageous this may seem to the architect, it will prove not to be so once we fully grasp the Affective Turn and its implications for the discipline. It might become apparent that it is through habit, rather than attention, and collectivity, rather than individualism, that we find the (royal) road to the understanding of ‘space’, or better still, that we take a (minor) apprenticeship in spatialisation.
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Rippon, Stephen. "Conclusions." In Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.003.0019.
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Territorial structures feature in many studies of the past, but are the focus of very few. While books on Iron Age Britain are full of references to ‘tribes’ and ‘kingdoms’, their boundaries remain poorly defined. Although regional variation within Iron Age material culture was marked, it has traditionally been thought that Romanization led to a homogenization of society, its artefacts, and its architecture. Our understanding of Romano-British territorial identities remains poor and most studies have simply provided the seemingly obligatory map showing the names of civitates with or without schematic dotted lines between them. Within early medieval scholarship there has been a greater focus on territoriality and in particular the origins and development of kingdoms, but few attempts have been made to map their boundaries or the socioeconomic zones that may have underpinned them. Overall, our understanding of territorial structures in Britain during the late prehistoric and early historic periods is very poor. Until the 1960s—when the ‘culture-historical’ paradigm prevailed—the Iron Age, Roman, and early medieval periods were seen as having been characterized by frequent disruptions to society brought about by invasions and migrations. From the 1970s the idea that there may have been far greater continuity in the landscape gained favour, just as the idea that cultural change had to be brought about by mass migration went out of fashion. Most of the narratives on what happened in the post-Roman landscape were, however, based upon anecdotal evidence from a small number of well-known sites—Barnsley Park, Frocester, Latimer, Rivenhall, and the like—and so The Fields of Britannia (Rippon et al. 2015) attempted to explore the extent to which there may have been continuity within the countryside through an analysis of pollen sequences and excavated field systems. This suggested a considerable degree of potential continuity in most lowland regions, making a prima facie case that many Romano-British farmers continued to work the land, albeit with a shift in emphasis from arable to pasture. Following on from this, Kingdom, Civitas, and County has considered whether there may also have been continuity in the socio-economic and territorial structures within which communities lived their lives.
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Hamerow, Helena. "Epilogue: Trajectories and Turning-Points." In Early Medieval Settlements. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199246977.003.0011.
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A survey such as this one can only present a fraction of the archaeological evidence available for early medieval settlements, yet even a relatively brief review of this evidence makes plain the remarkable diversity of these settlements in terms of form and economy; the communities they represent were far from being simple, isolated, and economically primitive as so often portrayed in traditional historical scholarship. In particular, the recognition on the one hand of highstatus complexes dating to the Migration period and, on the other, farming communities of ‘ordinary’ status which were extensively engaged in trade and non-agrarian production, points to a higher degree of economic complexity, integration, and resilience than was previously imagined. Furthermore, the archaeology, when viewed in toto, points to what has aptly been dubbed ‘the long eighth century’, namely the period from c.680 to 830,1 as a turning-point, not only in terms of settlement structure and architecture, but also in the organization of landed production and regional exchange. By 800, as we have seen, rural settlements in the North Sea zone were configured in ways that were markedly different from their Migration period predecessors. The longhouse had, in most regions, undergone a radical transformation or been given up altogether; settlements were increasingly planned and bounded; farming and craft activities, as well as the circulation of goods, showed signs of a wide-ranging reorganization; and elite families had stamped an increasingly separate group identity onto the landscape as they established distinctive settlements and buried their dead in new burial grounds away from the communal cemeteries of their ancestors. While the very nature of archaeological evidence does not permit us to point with certainty to the specific causes which lay behind these changes, the emergence of kingdoms in northwest Europe provides the backdrop against which they can best be understood. The development of early states—specifically in Denmark and England—and the northward expansion of Frankish colonial activities required both increased production and the mobilization of agrarian resources into an increasingly centralized political system. Indeed, an increased emphasis on surplus extraction must lie behind many of the changes observable in the plant and animal remains of this period and in the remnants of craft production, as well as in the greater size and storage capacities of at least some farmsteads in central Jutland, Lower Saxony, Westphalia, and Drenthe.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Landscape Architecture"
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Fioretto, Elena, Nora Lombardini, Cristiana Achille, and Cinzia Tommasi. "ENHANCING AND MANAGING DATA AND DIGITAL COMPETENCIES FOR ARCHITECTURE TEACHING AND TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION OF HERITAGE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12139.
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Given the growing relevance, at national and international levels, of restoration and conservation interventions on existing buildings, the Universities have developed degree courses with specific addresses in “Conservation of Architectural and Environmental Heritage”. The students that attend this course become a graduate with specific, extensive, and updated skills in the field of knowledge, protection, conservation, reuse, and enhancement of architectural and environmental heritage. The complexity of the intervention is faced through the contribution of the various disciplines that contribute to the training of the architect, at the same time they studied modern instruments and tools for collecting and managing data, from on-field survey to sharing projects and ideas. The goal is to learn to manage, in its entirety, the project and the range of possible interventions with deep conservative sensitivity, with skills ranging from maintenance to restoration and redevelopment, both in the dimension of the single building and at the urban and landscape scale.
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Paroushev, Zhivko. "THE DISCIPLINE "ETHNO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPE STUDIES" IN THE MASTER-DEGREE CURRICULUM OF THE SPECIALTY "INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS" IN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS - VARNA." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.90.
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There are presented the essence, basic terminology, methodology and scientific perimeter of the discipline "Ethno-cultural landscape studies". By use of a brief historic overview, there is traced the development of the cultural landscape as a scientific notion from its onset to present times. Regulatory postulates of UNESCO are taken into consideration, which explain the meaning of the terms "tradition", "intangible cultural heritage" and "cultural landscape". There are also summed up the practical and applied benefits from studying the discipline: a model for making an ethno-cultural landscape profile of the tourist site as a ground for creating unique tourist products based on traditional culture and turning folklore rituality into a generator of touristic plots.
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Alpak, Elif Merve, Emine Tarakçı Eren, and Tuğba Düzenli. "Green Design in Urban Squares: Ecological Urban Consciousness in Landscape Architecture Education." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021tr0042n14.
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Due to increase in population density in cities, unplanned urbanization, where built areas proliferate and concrete and impermeable surfaces are predominant, have started to capture cities. While this causes the natural environments and green areas in cities to decrease day by day, it also directly affects the formation of heat islands in the cities, air pollution and the decrease in the quality of life of people. Since landscape architecture is a discipline that deals with the planning, development, protection and design of rural and urban open spaces that can make the future better, teaching students the importance of the ecological city and the criteria of designs for this should be the primary goal in universities. The area, which was determined as an Urban Transformation area by Trabzon Municipality and planned to be designed as Karagöz Square, was studied within the scope of Karadeniz Technical University Landscape Architecture Environmental Design Project 4 in the fall semester of 2019-2020. The lecturer of the course aimed to teach the students the awareness of green design-oriented city square solution in line with ecological city criteria. Within the scope of this study, course data were examined with ecological city criteria.
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Oulmas, Mohand, Amina Abdessemed-Fouda, and Ángel Benigno González Avilés. "Évaluation de degré de défense de l’architecture défensive pré-coloniale en Algérie : cas des villages fortifiés." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11376.
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Assassing the defensibility of the pre-colonial defensive architecture in Algeria: case study on the medieval fortified villagesAlgeria’s pre-colonial towns of the medieval period still exist in different typologies, ranging from the isolated buildings (forts, castles) and town enclosures to whole urban units (fortified villages, defensives towns). Indeed, the constituent of these fortresses was their defense system, characterized by its large dimension, constituted essentially by the enclosure wall, and architectural features of defensiveness correlated with the outside and the inside of the fortresses. This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between physical landscape, built defensive features and cultural values of the medieval fortified villages in Algeria, two medieval fortified villages in our case “Kalaa of Beni Abbes” in Bejaia and “Kalaa of Beni Rached” in Oran, that we identified as an evolved landscape and interpreted as complex system (both defensive architecture and continuing cultural landscape). This current study consists of quantifying the defensiveness degree of these sites situated within different contexts, in fact, this method ensures to identify the strategy adopted to be protected against different invasions. However, in order to achieve this we calculate a spatial defensiveness index (DI) of these sites. The parameters of our choice are related to the implantation site, the elevation, the visibility and the geometrical shape, which allow us to estimate the defensiveness degree of the defense system of our case studies.
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García-León, Josefina, Pedro Enrique Collado-Espejo, Filippo Fantini, and Francisco Joaquín Jiménez-González. "Levantamiento y modelización tridimensional de la Torre del Negro o de Arráez, torre post-litoral del siglo XVI en El Algar (Región de Murcia, España)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11377.
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Graphic survey and three-dimensional modelling of the Negro Tower or Arráez, post-coastal tower of the sixteenth century in El Algar (Region of Murcia, Spain)Post-coastal towers or rural fortress towers, built in the sixteenth century on the Mediterranean coast, had the mission of protecting the population and enhancing the repopulation of these areas, heavily punished by incursions by berber pirates. The Negro Tower or Arráez Tower, in El Algar-Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain), is one of those post-coastal lookout towers and was built in 1585. It is shaped like a truncated pyramid, square plan and a height of about 14,00 m. Originally, it had three floors and a terrace. Despite its degree of protection (it is a monument), its current state of conservation is semi-ruined. It has no cover, the vault of the first floor has collapsed and presents cracks that threaten its stability. Therefore, a research project has been developed that has included, among other aspects, the graphic survey with two complementary techniques: digital photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. The result is an exhaustive graphic documentation that allows understanding the construction and allows the consolidation and volumetric recomposition of the tower. With this work, it is intended to contribute to the conservation and recovery of the heritage value of the Tower, as well as the integration of the historical monument in its natural and landscape environment.
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Matchision, Lauren. "Sustaining Educational Equity: Architecture Development Programs as Transformative Models to Increase Inclusivity." In 2019 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.fall.19.13.
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The desire to increase inclusivity in the field of architecture is concurrent with a perceptible growing trend in the United States in which many institutions of higher education have begun to take a closer look at student enrollment in the realization that various degree programs, including architecture, have historically lacked representation from people of color. Emerging architecture pipeline programs are poised to erode the demographic status quo by creating opportuniti es to engage historically underrepresented students while they are still in high school. Many of the explicit and implicit competencies these programs impart are valuable additions toward increasing the likelihood of more underrepresented students successfully applying to study architecture at the university level. These programs are only a small part of a growing number of efforts intended to address long-standing inequiti es in architecture education. This paper aims to assess such programs in light of Sharon Sutton’s imperative to achieve and sustain educational equity set forth in her recent book, When Ivory Towers Were Black: A Story About Race in America’s Cities and Universities. This paper first briefly identifies numerous diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives currently taking hold in the discipline and profession of architecture. Next, it carefully examines Sutton’s account of the Columbia University School of Architecture’s attempt to transform the demographic status quo. Lastly, it considers the lessons learned from the experiment and applies them to emerging pipeline programs, referred to here as Architecture Development Programs, ultimately seeking to explore successful methods to attract, educate, and support historically under represented young people in the classroom and the profession.
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Holland, Brian. "Finding Opportunity in Complexity: A Case for Tackling More, Not Less, in Beginning Design Studio." In 2019 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.fall.19.17.
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This paper addresses the understudied educational space of what is commonly understood as the preprofessional portfolio- development studio. It describes a design pedagogy developed to serve preprofessional and non-design-major students from liberal-arts colleges pursuing admission to a first-professional graduate degree program in architecture. Starting from the premise that in complexity lies myriad opportunities for discovery and growth, this studio establishes a robust platform for this unique group of students to encounter the richness and expansiveness of the discipline, and to understand and explore architecture’s capacities as an agent of positive change in the world. It is further argued that what a complex, case study-based design project facilitates for these beginning design students is a depth and richness of engagement, and that like a great work of literature, a complex architectural problem asks students to wrestle all at once with its many layers—with its clarity and contradictions, its strengths and shortcomings—and to evaluate its evolving place in, and meaning to society. In this light each student’s efforts to define their own approach can be shown to reveal insights not only about the object of study, but also about themselves and their own nascent interests in design, architecture, and the built environment.
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Sun, Xuan, Kjell Andersson, and Ulf Sellgren. "Towards a Methodology for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Haptic Devices." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47181.
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Design of haptic devices requires trade-off between many conflicting requirements, such as high stiffness, large workspace, small inertia, low actuator force/torque, and a small size of the device. With the traditional design and optimization process, it is difficult to effectively fulfill the system requirements by separately treating the different discipline domains. To solve this problem and to avoid sub-optimization, this work proposes a design methodology, based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) methods and tools, for design optimization of six degree-of-freedom (DOF) haptic devices for medical applications, e.g. simulators for surgeon and dentist training or for remote surgery. The proposed model-based and simulation-driven methodology aims to enable different disciplines and subsystems to be included in the haptic device optimization process by using a robust model architecture that integrates discipline-specific models in an optimization framework and thus enables automation of design activities in the concept and detail design phase. Because of the multi-criteria character of the performance requirements, multi-objective optimization is included as part of the proposed methodology. Because of the high-level requirements on haptic devices for medical applications in combination with a complex structure, models such as CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAE (Computer Aided Engineering), and kinematic models are considered to be integrated in the optimization process and presenting a systems view to the design engineers. An integration tool for MDO is used as framework to manage, integrate, and execute the optimization process. A case study of a 6-DOF haptic device based on a TAU structure is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. With this specific case, a Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) with an initial population based on a pseudo random SOBOL sequence and Monte Carlo samplings is used for the optimization.
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Roquette, Juan, Fernando Alonso, and Pilar Salazar. "Human-Centered Design since the Degree Kickoff: from Alumni Experience to Designer and User Experience." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001377.
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This article seeks to investigate the new paradigms of digital form and their application to the design process as a way to integrate service design from the very beginning of the process. It addresses a review of the generation of design in the key of "activity of conformation of open strategies". The aim is to open a deep reflection that allows an evolution of the understanding of the discipline of design linked to the outdated definition of "task of formalization of finished objects", which is widespread and still widely assumed. It is undeniable that engineering, urban planning, architecture, graphic design, product design, experience design and fashion design all share a common objective: all of them, in the end, can be considered as "service design".Indeed, each of the modalities of contemporary design and creation involves providing conceptual and oper-ational responses to needs (functional, aesthetic, symbolic, structural, social, individual). In short, creative activity consists of interpreting requirements and constraints in the most creative and efficient way possible. Design is not so much concerned with the need to produce "finished" objects, whether tangible or intangible. Contemporary design aims to create "formal laws", flexible and open, that can be applied according to the changing scenarios posed by today's users. To design digitally today is to create logical structures of data, algorithms and open results. This article rais-es the possibility of designing -from the genesis of the design- by integrating data referring to users and their algo-rithms as the basis of the formal, diagrammatic or structural law of the design solution. From clear mathematical rules and their parameterization, we propose the generation of the base structure of the "digital contemporary design"; from the exposition of data to the generation of “empty form”. In order to that, a preliminary reflection on the Technical drawing / CAD / BIM is proposed as well as describing the languages of the contemporary Design project (data and algorithms necessary for the construction of the form by topological transformations on simple forms). This is a con-temporary way of understanding the generation of the “empty form”. A "prepared" and "structured" format for the subsequent acquisition of successive layers of information (user data) that would trigger the "virtual twin" of the de-sign. Designing by means of topological transformations is an essential exercise in the foundations of digital culture: working with this type of algorithm is the main work of CAD programs. The conception of contemporary design must increasingly take into account the digital era, which constitutes the paradigm of our culture. The ideation and formalization of the actions that define design, architecture, urbanism and the physical environment, go through the management of formal operations within information systems that com-bine identity, visuality, materiality, measurement, financing, parameterization, industrialization, construction mainte-nance and, of course, interaction with users and systems. This phenomenon once again highlights the importance of geometry and drawing as fundamental disciplines that sustain the solid foundations of design education in the Univer-sity.Finally, the article addresses the urgency of defining new methodologies for the design process to ensure that design does not remain a mere "cultural response" to the technical advances produced by science, nor is it a purely intuitive process that proposes images but dispenses with the technical language of its time. We defend the activity of design as a purely contemporary task, which must be generated with the languages and methodologies of our current (and future) time, and for which it must have the possibility of integrating data and adapting to them with flexibility. In this way, any kind of design can be considered "service design" because it will "serve" effectively, avoiding the unnecessary iterations pursued by the LEAN system, which make human actions on reality inefficient and unsustaina-ble. Such a design would prevent the industry from having to generate an overabundance of designs and then discard the inadequate ones (by natural selection, through trial and error, dictated by the market and by user needs).Keywords: Design Training · Design Methodologies · Human-centered Design · Alumni experience · Designer experience ·User Experience · Service Design · Form · Contemporary Design process
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Colopy, Andrew. "(Digital) Design-Build Education." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.25.
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Architectural education is often held up as an exemplar of project-based learning. Perhaps no discipline devotes as much curricular time to the development of a hypothetical project as is found in the design studio model prevalent in US architecture schools. Whether the emphasis is placed on more ‘classical’ design skills—be they typological, tectonic, or aesthetic—or on more ‘socio-political or eco-cultural aims,’ studios generally include the skills and values we deem instrumental to practice.1 The vast majority of such studios, therefore, emphasize the production of drawings, images and models of buildings, i.e., representation.2 This is not altogether surprising, as these are, by definition, the instruments of p ractice.3 But the emphasis on drawings and models also reflects the comfortable and now long-held disciplinary position that demarcates representation as the distinct privilege and fundamental role of the architect in the built environment. That position, however, continues to pose three fundamental and pedagogical challenges for the discipline. First, architectural education—to the degree that it attempts both to simulate and define practice—struggles to model the kind of feedback that occurs only during construction which can serve as an important check on the fidelity and efficacy of representation in its instrumental mode. Consequently, design research undertaken in this context may also tend to privilege instrumentation (representation) over effect (building), reliant on the conventions of construction or outside expertise for technical knowledge. This cycle further distances the process of building from our disciplinary domain, limiting our capacity to effect innovation in the built world.4 Second, and in quite similar fashion, the design studio struggles to provide the kind of social perspective and public reception, i.e., subjective political constraints, that are integral to the act of building. Instead, we approximate such constraints with a raft of disciplinary experts—faculty and visiting critics—whose priorities and interests seldom reflect the broad constituency of the built environment. The third challenge, and a quite different one, is that the distinction between representation and construction is collapsing as a result of technological change. In general terms, drawing is giving way to modeling, representation giving way to simulation. Drawings are increasingly vestigial outputs from higher-order organizations of information. Representation, yes, but a subordinate mode that remains open to modification, increasingly intelligent in order to account for direct translation into material conditions, be they buildings or budgets.