Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Geographic Information Science'
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Akinyemi, Felicia O. "Incorporating Geographic Information Science in the BSc Environ-mental Science Program in Botswana." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-3-2018.
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Critical human capacity in Geographic Information Science (GISc) is developed at the Botswana International University of Science and Technology, a specialized, research university. Strategies employed include GISc courses offered each semester to students from various programs, the conduct of field-based projects, enrolment in online courses, geo-spatial initiatives with external partners, and final year research projects utilizing geospatial technologies. A review is made of available GISc courses embedded in the Bachelor of Science Environmental Science program. GISc courses are incorporated in three Bachelor degree programs as distinct courses. Geospatial technologies are employed in several other courses. Student researches apply GIS and Remote Sensing methods to environmental and geological themes. The overarching goals are to equip students in various disciplines to utilize geospatial technologies, and enhance their spatial thinking and reasoning skills.
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Marcos, Esperanza, Valeria De Castro, María-Luz Martín-Peña, and Juan Manuel Vara. "Training New Professionals in Service Engineering: Towards a Transdisciplinary Curriculum for Sustainable Businesses." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 8289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198289.
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The service sector provides employment for more than 70% of the active population in developed countries, in areas as varied as tourism, commerce, logistics, finances, services, and personnel, amongst others. Despite the fact that society increasingly needs more professionals who are oriented towards this sector, there are hardly any specific plans that will provide them with appropriate training. The appearance of service science, management, and engineering (SSME) has led to a significant advance as regards understanding the skills required by a service professional. It is a transdisciplinary field that integrates aspects of business management, along with information and communication technologies and engineering, and social sciences, in addition to providing the foundations for the growth of sustainable business. This paper presents a curriculum for the training of professionals in service engineering, which has been designed and taught at a Spanish public university. This curriculum, which the university created in collaboration with SSME experts and service sector companies, stands out for two reasons: the transdisciplinary approach employed, which is one of the features of this emerging and integrative knowledge discipline, and the fact that it is providing a response to the need for higher education curricula for sustainable business development. The paper describes the method followed to create the curriculum for the Bachelor’s Degree in Service Engineering, a comparative study with other related degrees, and the results of the deployment of the degree in terms of employability.
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Opuda, Eugenia. "Academic Health Sciences Librarian Job Descriptions Do Not Frequently Reflect Emerging Skillsets and Changing Research Needs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29898.
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A Review of: Reed, J. B., & Carroll, A. J. (2020). Roles for health sciences librarians at college and university libraries. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, (94). https://doi.org/10.29173/istl42 Abstract Objective – To examine job postings for academic health sciences libraries to determine if they reflect the changing research needs of institutions of higher education and to compare these postings to similar, existing positions. Design – Mixed methods data analysis of job advertisements collected through relevant job boards and mailing lists. The authors conducted qualitative content analysis using a modified grounded theory approach, completed two cycles of coding using NVivo 12, and calculated statistical significance using Fisher’s exact test. Setting – College and university library and Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries job boards and mailing lists between September 1, 2018 and March 1, 2019. Subjects – 104 unique posted job descriptions. Methods – The authors conducted a thorough search of posted position descriptions (PPDs) for academic health sciences librarians across a number of job boards and mailing lists between September 1, 2018 and March 1, 2019. In addition to searching ALA JobLIST, MLA Find a Job, Association of College & Research Libraries Health Sciences Interest Group (ACRL HSIG), MEDLIB-L, and ACRL Science and Technology Section (STS), the authors also hand searched alumni and general library job electronic mailing lists using relevant keyword searching. Inclusion criteria for PPDs included research support and other research-related responsibilities for the health sciences. The authors excluded any PPDs describing administrative or non-professional positions. Following review, the IRB determined that the research design did not qualify as human subjects research. After data collection, the authors categorized the PPDs using the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM) geographic regions and by the type of institution—college and university libraries (C&UL) or Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL). Using modified grounded theory, the authors identified emergent themes from the PPDs and applied descriptive coding. Then, the authors merged categories to create overall themes. Using NVivo 12 to facilitate the mixed methods content analysis, the authors ran text queries to identify major themes in the position roles and responsibilities, required and preferred education, and required and preferred qualifications sections. They also noted themes they expected to see that did not emerge in the PPDs, as well as emerging roles for health sciences libraries that are identified in the literature but did not appear as major themes in the included PPDs. Finally, the authors utilized Fisher’s exact test to calculate statistical significance. Main Results – In the quantitative analysis, the authors identified 60 AAHSL and 44 C&UL PPDs out of the 104 total job postings. Positions were available from all 8 NNLM Regions and across 32 states, though they were not all equally distributed. Most of the positions (64 of the 104) were located in the NNLM Middle Atlantic, Southeastern/Atlantic, and Greater Midwest regions. The Southeastern/Atlantic and Greater Midwest regions made up nearly half of the included PPDs. However, the New England region had the most postings per capita. In the qualitative analysis, an ALA-accredited MLIS or equivalent degree emerged as a near-universal requirement across all PPDs. The authors noted that the few PPDs that did not require this degree typically referenced it in the preferred education section or described a proxy to the MLIS. Furthermore, 57% of C&UL positions compared to 27% of AAHSL positions listed preferred education (p=0.0004) that was usually related to health and science disciplines that the position supported. There was significant overlap of required qualifications for AAHSL and C&UL postings. The authors also identified a list of hard and soft skills noted in the PPDs’ required qualifications sections, including experience with specific tools, expertise in library services, and interpersonal skills. However, reportedly emerging skills in data sciences, open science, grant experience, and research impact assessment were absent in many PPDs. The authors found statistically significant differences between two themes in the PPD roles and responsibilities including collection management (p=0.0004) and systematic reviews (p=0.03). Additionally, the authors found no statistically significant differences for required qualifications between AAHLS and C&UL PPDs. They did find statistically significant differences for two preferred qualifications including the Academic of Health Information Professionals (AHIP) credential (p=0.0042) and experience with systematic reviews (p=0.0009). The AHIP credential and experience with systematic reviews were absent in the C&UL PPDs and referenced rarely in AAHSL postings. Though diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) qualifications were frequently referenced in C&UL PPD requirements, the authors noted that research libraries have failed to make meaningful change in diverse candidate hiring and retention, but also pointed to the rapid adoption of DEI qualifications in PPDs within a short period of time. The authors highlighted that the roles and responsibilities reflected traditional librarian duties and referenced more emerging skills and research needs than any other section of the PPD. Assessment and systematic reviews appeared more often in the roles and responsibilities sections of AAHSL and C&UL PPDs in comparison to the combined required and preferred qualifications sections of all the PPDs. A more traditional responsibility, collection management, also appeared more frequently in the roles and responsibilities section of PPDs than in the experience section, suggesting that most hiring committees feel confident that librarians who fill positions will be successful in performing collection management tasks despite experience. The authors noted that collection management, one of the most common themes that emerged from the data analysis, appeared more frequently in C&UL PPDs and theorize that AAHLS may have dedicated collection management departments. Conclusions – While the research literature documents new roles and emerging skills for academic health sciences librarian positions, the authors noted that PPDs do not frequently reflect those emerging roles and skills, and maintain traditional health sciences librarian skillsets. The authors concluded that library administrators should design position descriptions that are user centred and match the changing research needs of the local community. PPDs should reflect changing priorities by including less weight towards the MLIS degree, shifting traditional skillsets from required experience sections to preferred experience sections, adapting the language of PPDs to be more inclusive and welcoming for a diverse pool of candidates, and adding an emphasis on DEI responsibilities. By creating position descriptions that are user focused, library administrators and hiring committees make meaningful investments for their communities and their strategic priorities.
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Haklay, Mordechai. "Geographic information science: tribe, badge and sub-discipline." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 37, no. 4 (September 6, 2012): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00541.x.
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Inshakov, Sergei. "Criminological Aspect of Area Studies as a Trend in the Scientific Study of Crime." Russian Journal of Criminology 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(2).159-166.
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The author suggests reviving one of the traditional approaches to researching life in different regions — area studies — within the framework of criminology. Area studies are defined as a comprehensive study of the country, its territory, people and tribes that inhabit it, as well as specific features of its state system, social and political processes, institutions and other phenomena that could present interest for research. The correlation between area studies and regional studies is shown, and the prerequisites for the development of area studies as a source of practical information and a method of fundamental cognition of nature and society are described. The author studies key stages of the development of area studies as an independent discipline and as a field of research and analyzes its specific branches: military and criminological area studies, Oriental studies, etc. The criminological component of area studies played a significant role at the earliest stages of this discipline’s development. The author also describes the essence of criminological area studies, shows the significance of this field of research, delineates criminological area studies and such research fields as the geography of crime and the regional differences of criminal-criminogenic phenomenon. The difference between criminological area studies and comparativism as a method of criminological research is shown. It is proven that area studies are a prerequisite for the development of a new criminological paradigm. At the same time, criminological area studies are viewed as a productive method of understanding new regularities in the criminal sphere that opens up new knowledge frontiers for researchers. The author describes the advantages of studying different aspects of a country’s life as indicators of crimes in comparison with statistical analysis. Examples of identifying fundamental regularities of the criminal-criminogenic phenomenon based on area studies are presented. Considerable attention is paid to the comparative analysis of corruption in the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The author compares the objectivity of statistical data on the level of corruption and the area studies’ indicators of the degree to which a society is affected by corruption processes. Using the data of criminological area studies, the author argues for the civilization approach to researching deviant behavior and the criminal sphere as well as for identifying civilizational types of crime.
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Kounadi, Ourania, Mariana Belgiu, and Michael Leitner. "Introduction to “Geographic information science: a multi-disciplinary and multi-paradigmatic discipline”." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 41, no. 3 (April 23, 2014): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2014.907631.
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Nylander, Elisabeth, and Margareta Hjort. "Information Literacies of PhD Students in the Health Sciences: A Review of Scholarly Articles (2009 - 2018)." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29630.
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Abstract
Objective – Doctoral studies offer a unique phase in the development and legitimization of researchers, in which PhD students shift from the consumption to the production of knowledge. If librarians are to support this process in an evidence based manner, it is essential to understand the distinct practices of this user population. While recent reviews exist concerning the information behaviours of graduate students and researchers, there is little knowledge synthesis focused on the information literacies of PhD students in specific disciplines. The aim of this article is to explore the depth and breadth of recent evidence which describes the information literacies of students pursuing a doctoral degree in the health sciences.
Methods – Strategic searches were performed in databases, hand-searched key journals, and reference lists. Records were screened independently by both authors based on pre-determined criteria. General trends within the literature were mapped based on the extraction of the following data: geographic location, population, study aims, and method of investigation. Further analysis of the articles included charting the academic disciplines represented, summarizing major findings related to PhD students in health sciences, and which databases indexed the relevant articles.
Results – Many studies fail to treat doctoral studies as a unique process. PhD students are often grouped together with other graduate students or researchers. Studies tend to be based on small populations, and the number of PhD students involved is either unclear or only equals a few individuals within the entire group of study. In addition, of the limited number of studies which focus exclusively on PhD students, few conduct explicit examination of information practices in the health sciences. The result is that this user group is underrepresented within recent journal publications.
Conclusion – This review highlights the need for more primary, in-depth research on the information literacies of PhD students in the health sciences. In addition, librarians are encouraged to share their knowledge in scholarly publications which can reach beyond their own professional circles.
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Bussert, Leslie. "Americans’ Tolerance of Racist Materials in Public Libraries Remained Steady between 1976-2006." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83313.
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Objective – To determine the general public’s levels of social tolerance toward public library materials containing racist content in order to present opinion data to librarians within a framework of scholarly perspectives that they can use for making decisions about intellectual freedom and controversial materials in libraries.
Design – Percentage and regression analysis of the General Social Survey longitudinal trend study dataset.
Setting – United States, 1976-2006.
Subjects – Random samples of 26,798 primarily English-speaking adults aged 18 and up.
Methods – The author analyzed responses from the well-respected and frequently used General Social Survey (GSS), which has been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center since 1972. The GSS is a closed-ended survey including a variety of demographic measures. Between the years 1976 and 2006, it also included a question to gauge the support of removing a book with racist beliefs about African Americans from the public library. The surveys were conducted irregularly over this thirty-year span, and in total the question was asked nineteen times garnering 26,798 responses. Spanish speakers were not included until 2006.
The author examined the data in multilevel cross-tabulations using percentages, and calculated chi-square for independence using frequencies. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictive value of the independent variables examined on opinions of book removal. The author examined different variables, including education level, race, age, parental status, sex, geographic factors, religious affiliation, political party, and political conservatism. Occupation was not used in the regression analysis because sample sizes in some categories were too small. The two ordinal variables, age and education level, were available as ratio level data that are most appropriate for regression calculations.
Due to the large sample size, very small differences in percentages are significant at the .000 level. In these cases the author made judgment as to whether these differences were meaningful, or divided the data into multi-layer cross-tabulations to reduce the sample size and make the significance test more informative.
Main Results – Analysis revealed the most influential predictors of support for book removal from the public library were education level, religious affiliation, and race. Age was particularly influential for older respondents, while occupation and living in the South were moderately influential. Variables with only slight correlations to support of book removal included political party affiliation and conservatism, parental status, and sex.
Across all years of the study only 35.3% of respondents supported removal of racist materials from the public library. Levels of support only changed slightly over the decades: in 1976, 38.1% supported removal while in 2006 only 34.5% did.
The mean age of respondents was 44.1 years and the median was 42 years. Respondents over 57 years old were more likely to support removal (43.5%) compared to younger ages whose support ranged from 31.1–34.1%. The largest change over time was seen from respondents 57 years and older, whose support for removal dropped in later years of the study.
Education level had a strong impact on opinions; the lower one’s education level, the higher their support for removal of the racist book from the public library. Of those with less than a high school degree, 50.6% supported removal versus 35.8% of high school diploma holders. Respondents with junior college, bachelor’s, and graduate degrees supported removal at 29.2%, 20.5%, and 15.3%, respectively. Over time, those with high school degrees maintained their level of support for removal while those with higher levels of education increased their support for removal.
Race was strongly related to opinions on removing offensive items from the library. While half of African American respondents supported removing a racist book, only one-third of white respondents did. However, in all but a few subcategories of analysis, the majority of African Americans did not support removal, indicating a great deal of social tolerance on their part despite the possibility of being more sensitive to the implications of having racist materials in the library. When cross-tabulated with education level, the same pattern of support for removal was reproduced. There was little variation over time in white respondent’s opinions while African Americans’ varied slightly.
Geographic factors affected opinions supporting removal of racist materials, though place size only had a small impact on opinions. Respondents in the South were most likely to support removal (42.1%) and those in New England were least likely (25.2%). About one-third of respondents from the Midwest (33%), Mid-Atlantic (36%), and the West (29.8%) supported removal. Opinions over time remained the same in all regions but the South, whose support of removal dropped to 38.8%.
Religion was found to correlate with opinions on removing racist books from the library. Protestants showed the highest level of support for removal (39.5%), followed by Catholics (32.3%), Jews (21.7%), and respondents unaffiliated with religion (20.5%). Race had a strong impact within some religions on supporting removal, particularly among Methodists and those claiming no religion. When opinions by religion were cross-tabulated with education level, at every level Baptists were more likely to support removal than other groups, while Jews and those without religious affiliation were least likely.
Other demographic variables had little effect on opinions concerning removal of racist materials from the library. Parents supported removal (37%) while nonparents were less likely to (30%), and men and women were almost equally likely to support removal (33% and 37% respectively). Political affiliation and level of conservatism only showed slight effects on opinions supporting removal. By a small margin Democrats were most likely to support removal (39.2%) followed by Republicans (34%) and independents (32.5%). Across the conservatism spectrum, moderates were most likely to support removal (37.7%) followed by conservatives (36.4%) and liberals (29.9%).
The author also examined whether a respondent’s occupation influenced their opinions and focused this inquiry on the professions of library workers and educators. Librarians were overwhelmingly against removal of racist materials while library paraprofessionals were less likely to support it than other workers with a similar level of education. College and university teachers in disciplines other than library and information science were divided but in comparison to other similarly educated professions they were less likely to support removal. School teachers were significantly more likely to support removal than other occupations also requiring a bachelor’s degree.
When contrasted with controversial materials of other types, such as those by openly homosexual or communist authors, different patterns of support for removal over time were observed. Support for removal of books by homosexuals and communists declined significantly over the decades. Similar to the support of the removal of racist materials, education and religious affiliation were the variables most highly correlated to support of removal of these other types of controversial books.
Conclusion – The discomfort among Americans over the free expression of exclusionary speech about African Americans remained relatively consistent over the years of the study (1976 – 2006) despite some shifts within particular demographic categories. Tolerance toward free expression by homosexuals and communists increased over time, demonstrating exclusionary speech may be perceived as a different type of social threat. Librarians can use this information to: better understand how non-librarians view intellectual freedom in the context of materials with offensive content; inform collection development decisions and predict likelihood of challenges based on the demographics of their user communities; and to educate the public and library stakeholders of the implications of challenging these kinds of items within a library’s collection through upholding their professional values. Librarians should continue to serve their communities by acting as champions of intellectual freedom and to uphold the profession’s rigorous standards. The author suggests future research could: address attitudes about materials with racist views of populations other than African Americans; look for differences in opinions among library users versus non-users; and differentiate between adult and children’s materials containing controversial topics.
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Knowles, Anne Kelly. "A Case for Teaching Geographic Visualization without GIS." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 36 (June 1, 2000): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp36.823.
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This article argues for the value of teaching geographic visualization to non-geography majors by having them make maps manually, using punched mylar, colored pencils, and light tables instead of computerbased geographic information systems or mapping programs. The essay contrasts the experiences of attempting to teach principles of geographic visualization using ArcView GIS in an introductory human geography course and using manual methods in an upper-level research methods course in history. Several conclusions emerge: (1) using manual methods to visualize spatial information quickly gets students thinking geographically; (2) the ease of learning the fundamental concepts and techniques of geographic visualization using manual methods makes it possible to integrate visualization into courses outside the discipline of geography; (3) geographic visualization can tremendously enrich the study of history, prompting students to think in ways they might not otherwise; and (4) teaching visualization with mylar has distinct advantages for history courses because physical map layers reinforce the notion that places are palimpsests of change. Manual methods make it possible to teach geographic visualization at colleges and universities that have no geography department or GIS courses. Their use should be encouraged as an adaptable, inexpensive, effective way to promote geographic learning and geographic literacy in U.S. higher education.
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Zhou, Yanfen, and Jin-Cheon Na. "A comparative analysis of Twitter users who Tweeted on psychology and political science journal articles." Online Information Review 43, no. 7 (November 11, 2019): 1188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2019-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the similarities and differences between the Twitter users who tweeted on journal articles in psychology and political science disciplines. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from Web of Science, Altmetric.com, and Twitter. A total of 91,826 tweets with 22,541 distinct Twitter user profiles for psychology discipline and 29,958 tweets with 10,478 distinct Twitter user profiles for political science discipline were used for analysis. The demographics analysis includes gender, geographic location, individual or organization user, academic or non-academic background, and psychology/political science domain knowledge background. A machine learning approach using support vector machine (SVM) was used for user classification based on the Twitter user profile information. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling was used to discover the topics that the users discussed from the tweets. Findings Results showed that the demographics of Twitter users who tweeted on psychology and political science are significantly different. Tweets on journal articles in psychology reflected more the impact of scientific research finding on the general public and attracted more attention from the general public than the ones in political science. Disciplinary difference in term of user demographics exists, and thus it is important to take the discipline into consideration for future altmetrics studies. Originality/value From this study, researchers or research organizations may have a better idea on who their audiences are, and hence more effective strategies can be taken by researchers or organizations to reach a wider audience and enhance their influence.
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Kypshakbayeva, A. K., Zh N. Bissenbayeva, and Sh Tukhmarova. "METHODS OF TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.87.
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This article discusses the definition of teaching methods as a science, its object and subject, and features. The main components of the connection between the methodology of teaching computer science as a science and the main concepts of the educational process are also identified. The main focus is on generalizing the experience of teaching the discipline "Informatics" to students of humanitarian universities and highlighting interdisciplinary connections. The purpose of the article is to describe the intermediate results obtained during the study of the effective use of information technologies in the course of teaching students of a humanitarian university in the discipline "Informatics". The structure of the e-course in the self-study support system is presented. The place of the discipline "Informatics" in the training programs of students of the 1st year of the bachelor's degree in the areas of "Economics" is highlighted, the types of tasks for independent work of students are described, and an example of the design of educational materials for the case in the discipline "Informatics" is given. The main directions of improving the methodology of teaching the discipline "Informatics" are also outlined.
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Mingers, John. "Prefiguring Floridi’s Theory of Semantic Information." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, no. 2 (August 15, 2013): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol11iss2pp388-401.
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Abstract: Luciano Floridi has been very active in helping to develop both the philosophy of information as a discipline and an actual theory of the nature of semantic information. This paper has three purposes. First, to demonstrate that Floridi’s information theory was largely prefigured by work carried out by Mingers and published some ten years earlier. This is simply a matter of setting the record straight, although the degree of commonality may provide some support for the theory. Second, to point out that there appears to be a degree of equivocation, or even contradiction, within Floridi’s theory concerning the ontological status of information – is it objective, independent of the receiver, or is it subjective, constructed by the receiver from the data they access? The paper argues strongly for an objective interpretation. Third, to point out extensions to Mingers’ theory in terms of the social and pragmatic aspects of language, the processing of information into meaning through embodied cognition, and the relation between information and different forms of knowledge
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Ortiz-Repiso, Virginia, Jane Greenberg, and Javier Calzada-Prado. "A cross-institutional analysis of data-related curricula in information science programmes: A focused look at the iSchools." Journal of Information Science 44, no. 6 (January 8, 2018): 768–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551517748149.
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Our rapidly growing, data-driven culture is motivating curriculum change in nearly every discipline, not the least of which is information science. This article explores this change specifically within the iSchool community, in which information science is a major unifying discipline. A cross-institutional analysis of data-related curricula was conducted across 65 iSchools. Results show that a majority of iSchools examined (37 out of 65, 56.9%) currently offer some form of data-related education, particularly at the master’s level, and that approximately 15% of their formal degree offerings have a data focus. Overall, iSchools have a greater emphasis on data science and big data analytics, with only a few programmes providing focused curricula in the area of digital curation. Recommendations are made for iSchools to leverage the interdisciplinary nature of information science, publish curricula and track graduate success so that iSchools may excel in educating information professionals in the data area. Future data education in iSchools may benefit from further interdisciplinary data education, including data curation curricula.
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Opuni-Frimpong, Nana Yeboaa, Harry Barton Essel, Emmanuel Opuni-Frimpong, and Elizabeth Asantewaa Obeng. "Sustainable Development Goal for Education: Teachers’ Perspectives on Climate Change Education in Senior High Schools (SHS)." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138086.
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Any program intended to equip the populace, particularly young people, to combat climate change and its repercussions must include education. As crucial stakeholders in education, teachers have the primary responsibility of preparing young people to deal with the effects of climate change. In two districts of Ghana’s Bono region, the study assessed SHS teachers’ viewpoints on climate change and their willingness to include climate change concerns in classes. The degree to which climate change was incorporated into the syllabi of selected disciplines was also assessed. For this study, data was collected from a hundred (n = 100) SHS teachers from 10 of the 15 schools in the study area using a simple random sampling method. The Pearson chi-square test was used to examine the association between the subject content and teachers’ desire to teach climate change. The data were analyzed using SPSS (v25). The findings demonstrated that teachers’ readiness to educate about climate change was influenced by the subjects they taught. Subjects that were not science-based provided little information on climate change to teachers. Climate change is addressed in many areas in Integrated Science and Social Studies, and it is a core topic for all students. Climate change should be taught using an interdisciplinary approach, and in-service training for teachers could be beneficial.
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Hu, Jiming, and Yin Zhang. "Measuring the interdisciplinarity of Big Data research: a longitudinal study." Online Information Review 42, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-12-2016-0361.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research based on the co-occurrences of subject categories using Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index. Design/methodology/approach Interdisciplinarity was measured utilizing the descriptive statistics of disciplines, network indicators showing relationships between disciplines and within individual disciplines, interdisciplinary communities, Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index, and a strategic diagram revealing the development status and trends of discipline communities. Findings Comprehensively considering all results, the degree of interdisciplinarity of Big Data research is increasing over time, particularly, after 2013. There is a high level of interdisciplinarity in Big Data research involving a large number of disciplines, but it is unbalanced in distribution. The interdisciplinary collaborations are not intensive on the whole; most disciplines are aggregated into a few distinct communities with computer science, business and economics, mathematics, and biotechnology and applied microbiology as the core. Four major discipline communities in Big Data research represent different directions with different development statuses and trends. Community 1, with computer science as the core, is the most mature and central to the whole interdisciplinary network. Accounting for all network indicators, computer science, engineering, business and economics, social sciences, and mathematics are the most important disciplines in Big Data research. Originality/value This study deepens our understanding of the degree and trend of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research through a longitudinal study and quantitative measures based on two indexes. It has practical implications to study and reveal the interdisciplinary phenomenon and characteristics of related developments of a specific research area, or to conduct comparative studies between different research areas.
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Amjad, Tehmina, and Ayesha Ali. "Uncovering diffusion trends in computer science and physics publications." Library Hi Tech 37, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 794–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2018-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to trace the knowledge diffusion patterns between the publications of top journals of computer science and physics to uncover the knowledge diffusion trends. Design/methodology/approach The degree of information flow between the disciplines is a measure of entropy and received citations. The entropy gives the uncertainty in the citation distribution of a journal; the more a journal is involved in spreading information or affected by other journals, its entropy increases. The citations from outside category give the degree of inter-disciplinarity index as the percentage of references made to papers of another discipline. In this study, the topic-related diffusion across computer science and physics scholarly communication network is studied to examine how the same research topic is studied and shared across disciplines. Findings For three indicators, Shannon entropy, citations outside category (COC) and research keywords, a global view of information flow at the journal level between both disciplines is obtained. It is observed that computer science mostly cites knowledge published in physics journals as compared to physics journals that cite knowledge within the field. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that traces knowledge diffusion trends between computer science and physics publications at journal level using entropy, COC and research keywords.
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Eremenko, T. V. "Domestic Dissertations in the area of Library and Information Science, Bibliography and Bibliology." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2015-0-2-30-36.
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The author presents the comparative analytical review of bibliometric studies of the domestic dissertations, defended in disciplines 05.25.03 - library and information science, bibliography and bibliology. There are revealed discrepancies in quantitative data and some contradictions in the findings of different authors on the periods of scientific activities. For the purpose of refining and updating information there was studied collection of dissertations on these disciplines for the period of 1986-2013, using such criteria of bibliometric analysis as a year of defending the thesis, academic degree for which dissertation was defended, content of dissertation (by the field of science specified in the passport of scientific discipline). There are determined periods of scientific activity in the formation of the collection of dissertations. On the basis of methods of mathematical statistics there is studied the uniformity of depositing thesis collection by annual flows.
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Shen, Zhidong, Siyuan Lu, Huijuan Huang, Meng Yuan, Guoming Tang, Weiying Chen, Taige Zhang, and Ting Zhong. "An Approach Based on Customized Robust Cloaked Region for Geographic Location Information Privacy Protection." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3903681.
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Location-based services (LBS) have gained huge popularity because of the easy availability of modern mobile devices and the fast development of geographical information science (GIS). However, the lack of protection for private user positions might give rise to privacy concerns. This kind of problem is especially serious in mobile application environment because many mobile applications tend to use LBS. In this paper, we propose a new privacy preserving approach using customized robust cloaked region (RCR), depending on a peer-to-peer structure and the premise that users do not trust each other when sharing their geographical locations. Two algorithms are used to generate the RCR with high user density. The area of the RCR is controlled by the user’s demanded degree of protection. To enhance the resistance to regional background knowledge attack, we incorporate a location semantic value into each unit of the user map. According to extensive simulations, our method can effectively obfuscate a user’s geographical location into a highly indistinguishable region because of the disturbance of nearby users and different equally possible locations.
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Eremenko, Tat’yana V. "Domestic Dissertations in the area of Library and Information Science, Bibliography and Bibliology [Ending]." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 3 (June 28, 2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2015-0-3-42-46.
Full textAbstract:
The author presents the comparative analytical review of bibliometric studies of the domestic dissertations, defended in disciplines 05.25.03 - Library and Information science, Bibliography and Bibliology. There are revealed discrepancies in quantitative data and some contradictions in the findings of different authors on the periods of scientific activities. For the purpose of refining and updating information there was studied collection of dissertations on these disciplines for the period of 1986-2013, using such criteria of bibliometric analysis as a year of defending the thesis, academic degree for which dissertation was defended, content of dissertation (by the field of science specified in the passport of scientific discipline). There are determined periods of scientific activity in the formation of the collection of dissertations. On the basis of methods of mathematical statistics there is studied the uniformity of depositing thesis collection by annual flows.
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Anwar, Mumtaz Ali. "To Information Management and Beyond." Pakistan Journal of Information Management and Libraries 17 (December 1, 2016): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47657/201617885.
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The use of ‘Library Science', as the name of the discipline is almost 100 years old. The original term was used in Germany in 1934 and a translation of it in an American government publication in 1876. However, its use in the name of a professional degree is found around 1910. Why was ‘library science' used as a term is not known. But one wonders on its structure: Was there a ‘science' of the ‘library' which could form the basis of a discipline? It could have been simply a matter of convenience due to the lack of a proper term. Nevertheless, it has remained in use, with some variations, for almost a century. Lately, there has been a slow shift to ‘Information Management' which began in the 1980s. There are a lot of people who object to it. Traditions once established become part of our psyche and extremely difficult and painful to disown. There is a need to understand ‘Information Management' as a term focusing on ‘Information' which has always been, still is and will continue to be its legitimate and primary concern. It does not focus on a ‘space housing information artifacts'. Its augmented professional expanse will create professional job market that is hard to identify and measure at this time. Its graduates will serve more and more diverse populations. There will be a more prestigious consequence of this shift. A study of its close and meaningful interdisciplinary relations will enable it to rub its shoulders and receive recognition from some well-respected disciplines, such as education, psychology, medicine, management sciences, etc. Some of these links, which are crucial, have not yet been adequately identified and recognized. This paper will present a model of interdisciplinarity using Information Management as a core area. It will then use Bibliotherapy, which deals with multifaceted issues, as a case to point out its crucial links with some important disciplines which are of common interest to them.
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Wu, Dong, Xiaobo Wu, Haojun Zhou, and Mingu Kang. "Interfirm networks and search-transfer problem: the role of geographic proximity." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 923–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2019-0384.
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PurposeThis paper represents an empirical study of how geographic proximity influences the search advantage and the transfer problem of interfirm networks.Design/methodology/approachBy using the data collected from 226 Chinese manufacturing firms, this study examines the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe authors’ findings suggest that (1) geographic proximity is an important antecedent for promoting knowledge transfer, whereas it lowers the degree of knowledge novelty; and (2) geographic proximity also moderates the effects of interfirm networks on knowledge novelty and knowledge transfer.Originality/valueThis study contributes the literature of interfirm network and provides practical implications by addressing the ways in which manufacturing firms can promote knowledge transfer and acquire novel knowledge.
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Langley, Shaun A., Joseph P. Messina, and Sue C. Grady. "Utilizing Volunteered Information for Infectious Disease Surveillance." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013040104.
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With the advent of Web 2.0, the public is becoming increasingly interested in spatial data exploration. The potential for Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) to be adopted for passive disease surveillance and mediated through an enhanced relationship between researchers and non-scientists is of special interest to the authors. In particular, mobile devices and wireless communication permit the public to be more involved in research to a greater degree. Furthermore, the accuracy of these devices is rapidly improving, allowing the authors to address questions of uncertainty and error in data collections. Cooperation between researchers and the public integrates themes common to VGI and PGIS (Participatory Geographic Information), to bring about a new paradigm in GIScience. This paper outlines the prototype for a VGI system that incorporates the traditional role of researchers in spatial data analysis and exploration and the willingness of the public, through traditional PGIS, to be engaged in data collection for the purpose of surveillance of tsetse flies, the primary vector of African Trypanosomiasis. This system allows for two-way communication between researchers and the public for data collection, analysis, and the ultimate dissemination of results. Enhancing the role of the public to participate in these types of projects can improve both the efficacy of disease surveillance as well as stimulating greater interest in science.
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Reinke, Karin, E. C. Butcher, C. J. Russell, D. G. Nicholls, and M. D. Murray. "Understanding the flight movements of a non-breeding wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans gibsoni, using a geographic information system." Australian Journal of Zoology 46, no. 2 (1998): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97046.
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This paper discusses the relationship between the movements of a single wandering albatross and wind conditions. Analyses used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to examine and describe bird movements in relation to wind direction and speed. They include separation of the flight into pure flight and clusters, examination of bird speed and direction relative to the wind, and the degree to which the bird relies on horizontal wind for flight. Generally, the flight of the bird was closely linked with the current winds, although it was found that the bird was able to choose flight paths independent of the wind direction.
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Tang, Zhi, Yun Zhang, Jing Huang, Hao He, and Yue Ding. "A Novel Infringement Detection Method for GIS Vector Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010012.
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There is undoubtedly a groundswell of support for the concept of geographic data sharing with the rapid development and wide-ranging application of geographic information science. However, copyright protection and infringement detection in the process of geographic data sharing has always been an important issue that needs to be addressed urgently. In this paper, we present a novel infringement detection method for GIS vector data to compensate for the shortcomings of vector data digital watermarking technology in infringement detection. The method determines whether infringement exists by the duplication degree between the original data and the vector data to be detected in three features including feature features, included angle features and vertex features which gets by using the spatial information of vector data to perform the feature matching based on GeoJSON format data. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively resist common geometric attacks, such as interpolation attack, deletion attack, similarity transformation attack, feature order scrambling attack, and feature simplification attack, on vector data, which proves that the proposed algorithm has excellent robustness and meets the requirements of practical application.
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Abramo, Giovanni, Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo, and Flavia Di Costa. "Knowledge spillovers: Does the geographic proximity effect decay over time? A discipline-level analysis, accounting for cognitive proximity, with and without self-citations." Journal of Informetrics 14, no. 4 (November 2020): 101072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2020.101072.
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Wang, Tao. "Progress and Reflections of International Cartographic Education." Kartografija i geoinformacije 21 (January 3, 2023): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.21.si.11.
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With the development of geospatial information science and technology and applications in numerous areas, cartography and geospatial information education is becoming increasingly more important in training graduates equipped with new capacities. Cartography and geospatial information education are crucial to cartography and geospatial information science, as a discipline and a profession. The contents have always gradually been changing, as well as corresponding effective approaches to deliver sustainable and resilient education. In the new normal era of post COVID-19, summaries and reflections on the progress of available practices and theories can support better design of effective and quality education. In this paper, the conference papers and abstracts on educational topics published in the last 10 International Cartography Conferences are used to trace the path that educators in cartography and geospatial information have gone through. Bibliometric analysis is conducted on educational topics, authors, and regions. A domain term knowledge map is drawn showing that the number of publications on education in the International Cartography Conferences has been increasing. The geographic distribution of authors is very concentrated, with authors from European countries contributing about 50% of the publications and those from the top ten countries contributing 60%. Works in many other regions are less reported. The research topics are mainly focused on undergraduate and graduate education in geographic information systems, secondary education, education atlas, learning theories, learning environmental design, online education, etc. Pedagogies and experience of distance learning and online education in the last 20 years have been well applied. However best practices of online and distance education are rarely reported to support effective new normal education in the context of COVID-19 pandemics.
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Pilaar Birch, Suzanne E. "Diversity and Demographics of Zooarchaeologists: Results from a Digital Survey." Ethnobiology Letters 6, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.6.2.2015.469.
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Nearly 25 years ago, a “Zooarchaeology Practitioner Survey” was distributed via conventional mail to individuals in the USA and Canada and received 122 responses over a period of several months in 1991. Now, a revised “Demographics in Zooarchaeology Survey” provides an update to those data and assesses the current state of the field. The 2014 survey remained open for 3 months and received 288 responses from practitioners worldwide. Global participation was made possible by hosting the survey online. Key findings of the 1991 survey included disparities in employment rank for women despite similar levels of degree level attainment as men, a point which the 2014 survey sought to investigate. This trend appears to persist for those without the PhD and at the highest levels of income for those holding a PhD. In addition, the recent survey asked participants about their racial or ethnic identity in order to evaluate the demographic diversity of the discipline beyond sex, age, and nationality. Data regarding topical and geographic research area were also collected and reflect a subtle bias towards working with mammals and a focus on research questions grounded in prehistory in Europe and North America, followed by Australia and Southwest Asia. Results are compared with those of the earlier survey and membership information from the International Council for Archaeozoology.
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Araya-Ramírez, Iliana. "TENDENCIAS DISCIPLINARES Y PROFESIONALES DE LA GEOGRAFÍA EN COSTA RICA: EL CASO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL." Revista Geográfica de América Central 1, no. 56 (May 19, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.1-56.1.
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El objetivo del artículo consiste en examinar las tendencias disciplinarias y profesionales de la Geografía, así como discutir las principales relaciones entre el desarrollo disciplinar y profesional.La actualización del currículum de la carrera de Ciencias Geográficas con énfasis en Ordenamiento del Territorio, toma como referencia tales tendencias y las integra en una Geografía aplicada para responder a la necesidad de formar profesionales en geografía, que ofrezca soluciones en la ordenación del territorio tendiente a la equidad y el compromiso con el desarrollo nacional. Las áreas de desarrollo disciplinar y profesional de la carrera corresponden a Pensamiento, epistemología yenseñanza de la Geografía, Gestión y ordenamiento del territorio, Territorio y ambiente y Ciencia de la información geográfica.ABSTRACTThe article aims at considering disciplinary and professional Geographic trends and discussing the main relationships between discipline and the professional development of Geography. Updating the curriculum of the Carrera de Ciencias Geográficas con énfasis en ordenamiento del territorio(Geographic Science Career with An Emphasis on Spatial Planning) is based on those trends and integrates them into an applied Geography to respond the needs of training professionals that provide spatial planning solutions aimed at the equity and commitment to national development. The disciplinary and professional development areas of the career correspond to Thinking, Epistemology and Geography Teaching, Land Use Planning and Management, Territory and Environment, and Geographic Information Science
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Mansour, Mahmoud M., Mona G. Ibrahim, Manabu Fujii, and Mahmoud Nasr. "Recent Applications of Flash Flood Hazard Assessment Techniques: Case Studies from Egypt and Saudi Arabia." Advanced Engineering Forum 47 (August 31, 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-03z404.
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Flash floods are severe natural disasters due to their suddenness, frequency, and destruction. Every year, flash floods occur in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, which are located in the heart of the Middle East. Extensive areas in Egypt and Saudi Arabia are covered by mountainous topography. Intense rainfall can generate flash floods with their magnitude dependent on geomorphology and storm characteristics. Flash flood hazard assessment is a feasible way to mitigate potential damage and losses. Illumination, review, and comparison of assessment techniques of flash flood hazards represent an urgent necessity to evaluate advances and challenges in this discipline. Google-scholar and Scopus were used to collect 50 recent scientific papers, most of them published between 2011 and 2021, using the keywords: floods, hazards, assessment, Egypt, Saudi Arabia. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information systems (GIS) are the cornerstones of these studies, which include the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and geoprocessing tools. The two items facilitate the calculation of morphometric parameters. Dividing the area and determining the hazard level were the main steps in flash flood hazard assessment. The considered studies relied on varied sets of morphometric parameters that ranged from 3 to 24 morphometric parameters. Area, ruggedness ratio, basin shape index, stream frequency, slope index, and drainage density are the common parameters in the assessment of flash flood hazards. In a flood zone, buildings made from brick have better sustainability in terms of both global warming mitigation and life cycle cost than other materials. Future studies are essential to illustrate the relationships between different morphometric parameters and flash flood hazard degree through field data and define a reliable unified set of morphometric parameters to assess the flash flood hazard degree.
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Sarasua, Wayne A., and William J. Davis. "Addressing Educational Needs in Spatial Data, Information Science, and Geomatics in the Civil Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1848, no. 1 (January 2003): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1848-09.
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The technology-driven, rapidly advancing field of spatial data and information science (SDIS) is an integral part of numerous engineering professions. Many college civil engineering programs are struggling to find ways to accommodate this subject in an already crowded undergraduate curriculum. There are several reasons that taking a course in SDIS is desirable for civil engineers entering today’s demanding job market. First, technologies related to surveying, spatial data, and information science are among the fastest developing in the industry, and there is significant demand for skills in the latest technology. Second, spatial data collection and analysis are essential to all civil engineering disciplines; thus, a fundamental understanding of data collection and analysis techniques is desirable. The transportation discipline of civil engineering may face the greatest need for professionals specializing in SDIS. Transportation planning, system design, facilities management, and transportation logistics rely heavily on SDIS technologies, including conventional surveying, geographic information systems, Global Positioning System, remote sensing, and digital terrain modeling. A description is given of a widely transferable and technically up-to-date course in geomatics that expands on traditional surveying by incorporating modern methods of spatial data collection, management, and analysis. Including a course on geomatics early in students’ undergraduate civil engineering curriculum may plant the seed for the development of future SDIS and SDIS for transportation professionals. Lessons learned in developing geomatics courses at Clemson University, Georgia Tech, and The Citadel are presented. Findings and recommendations are summarized with respect to broader application issues affecting the civil engineering curriculum.
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Pylypchuk, Oleh, Oleh Strelko, and Yulia Berdnychenko. "PREFACE." History of science and technology 12, no. 1 (June 19, 2022): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-1-7-10.
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In the new issue, our scientific journal offers you nine scientific articles. As always, we try to offer a wide variety of topics and areas and follow current trends in the history of science and technology. The issue of the journal opens with an article dedicated to the formation and development of natural history museology in Europe in the 15th–19th centuries. The development of scientific knowledge at that time affects the idea of the world order and the place of man in it, and the combination of knowledge with practical experience leads to the birth of true science. It is shown that one of the most important components of the development of natural sciences, in particular biological sciences, was the collection of naturalia (i.e. objects of natural origin), the rapid surge of interest in which contributed to the Great Geographical Discoveries. In chronological order, the further historical development of museum work from private collections in Italy to the formation of a prototype of a genuine museum, which performs the main museum functions such as amassment, storage and demonstration of collections, is considered. The article by Leonid Griffen and co-authors considers the object and subject of the history of science and technology, its place in the system of sciences. Today, more and more people are turning to the factors that determine the interaction of the society with the environment (productive forces of the society), to study which in the historical aspect and called a special scientific discipline the history of science and technology. The composition and development of the technosphere and noosphere are considered in the article. It is shown that the functioning of the technosphere is based on its interaction with the noosphere, which provides information about the environment and controls the effectiveness of interaction with it. It is formed by combining the mental structures of individuals through sign systems. The production process that ensures the functioning of the society begins with the noosphere, which through individual consciousness controls the actions of each individual, who through the means of production (technosphere) interacts with the natural environment. However, the gradual development of productive forces leads at some point to the fact that the information needed by the individual to perform all necessary actions for the benefit of the society, ceases to fit in his individual consciousness. As a result, there is a new social phenomenon the social division of labor. The cardinal solution to the problem is the prospect of humanity entering infinite space. The article by Jun-Young Oh and Hyesook Han is devoted to the study of what Understanding mathematical abstraction in the formularization of Galileo's law. Galileo's revolution in science introduced an analytical method to science that typifies the overall modern thinking of extracting, abstracting, and grasping only critical aspects of the target phenomena and focusing on “how”, which is a quantitative relationship between variables, instead of “why”. For example, to him, the question of 'why does an object fall' is of no significance; instead, only the quantitative relationship between distance from the falling object and time is important. Yet, the most fundamental aspect of his idea is that he introduced a quantified time t. Because, according to atomic theory, vacuum exists between an atom and an object composed of atoms or between objects – ignoring factors that interfere with motion, such as friction – the space for absolute time, which is a mathematical time, can be geometrically defined. In order to justify this mathematical abstraction strategy, thought experiments were conducted rather than laboratory experiments, which at that time were difficult to perform. The article by Vasyl Andriiashko and co-authors provides a thorough overview of the evolutionary process of the emergence, establishment, and development of the Kyiv school of artistic textiles. It reveals the influence of various factors (ideological, political, economic, and aesthetic) on this process. The historical and factual method allowed us to study socio-economic, as well as historical and cultural factors that contributed to the emergence, establishment, and development of the Kyiv textile school in a chronological sequence. It is established that the very fact of emergence of the Kyiv school of artistic textile, as a community of style, unity of forms, preservation, and continuity of traditions, had unbiased backgrounds since Ukrainian decorative weaving, a part of which is Kyiv weaving, inherited the abundant artistic traditions that were created over the centuries and most vividly manifested through the art of Kyivan Rus. In the next article, the authors Artemii Bernatskyi and Mykola Sokolovskyi is devoted to the study history of military laser technology development in military applications. For better understanding and systematization of knowledge about development of historical applications in the military field, an analysis of publicly known knowledge about their historical applications in the leading world countries was conducted. The study focuses on development that was carried out by the superpowers of the Cold War and the present era, namely the United States, the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China, and were built in metal. Multiple avenues of various applications of laser technology in military applications were studied, namely: military laser rangefinders; ground and aviation target designators; precision ammunition guidance systems; non-lethal anti-personnel systems; systems, designed to disable optoelectronics of military vehicles; as well as strategic and tactical anti-air and missile defense systems. The issues of ethical use of laser weapons and the risks of their use in armed conflicts, which led to an international consensus in the form of conventions of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, were also considered. As a result of the analysis, a systematic approach to the classification of applications of laser technology in military products by three main areas of development was proposed: ancillary applications, non-lethal direct action on the human body and optical devices of military equipment, and anti-aircraft and anti-missile defensive systems. The author of the following article considered the front line transporter as the embodiment of the USSR military doctrine in the middle of the 20th century. The paper based on a source analysis of the history of creation, design, and production of LuAZ-967, LuAZ-967M, against the background of the processes of implementing projects of small tactical high mobility wheeled vehicles for the armies of European countries, shows that the developing, testing, and commissioning a front line transporter became a deepening of the process of motorization of the Soviet army. The designs of similar vehicles have been analyzed. An attempt to assess the degree of uniqueness of the front line transporter design and its place in the history of technology, as well as its potential as a reminder of science and technology has been made. An analysis of the front line transporter design, its systems, compared with its foreign counterparts, suggests that it is a Soviet refinement of the concept of a small army vehicle, a more specific means directly for the battlefield. At the same time, it was developed taking into account foreign developments and similar designs, imitating individual designs, adapting to the capabilities of the USSR automotive industry. The next article is devoted to the study, generalization and systematization of scientific knowledge about the history of the establishment, development and operation of the regional railway system in Bukovyna in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The authors attempted to analyze the process of creation and operation of railways in Bukovyna during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Empire based on a wide range of previously unpublished archival documents, periodicals, statistical literature and memoirs. The article studies the development of organizational bases for the construction of railways, the activity of the communication network management, lists a whole range of requirements and tasks set for railway transport in Bukovyna, the progress of their implementation, considers successes and difficulties in this work. The purpose of the article by authors Sana Simou, Khadija Baba and Abderrahman Nounah is to reveal, recreate as accurately as possible the characteristics of an archaeological site or part of it. The restoration and conservation of monuments and archaeological sites is a delicate operation. It requires fidelity, delicacy, precision and archaeological authenticity. Research during the last two decades has proved that 3D modeling, or the digital documentation and visualization of archaeological objects in 3D, is valuable for archaeological research. The study has opted for the technique of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry by 3D surveys of architectural elements, to develop an archetype of the deteriorated Islamic Marinid site (a dynasty between the 13th and 15th centuries), and the Roman site (25 BC), located at the Chellah archaeological site in Rabat and Salé cities. The data acquired build an architectural database to archive and retrieve the entire existing architecture of monuments. This study has been completed by photogrammetrists, architects, and restorers. The issue of the journal ends with an article devoted to the analyzing the prerequisites and conditions for the foundation of an aircraft engine enterprise in Ukraine. Based on the retrospective analysis, the prerequisites and conditions of the foundation of the aircraft engine enterprise in Aleksandrovsk, Ukraine, were considered. There was a severe gap between the Russian Empire and European countries in the development pace of the aviation industry during World War I. This prompted the Russian Empire to raise foreign capital, as well as attract technologies and specialists to develop aircraft engineering and other industries. By 1917, the plant had gained the status of Russia’s largest engine-building enterprise in terms of building area and one of the best in equipment. It is evident that the beginning of aircraft engine production in Aleksandrovsk relates to the establishment of a branch of Petrograd Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical Structures and the plant’s purchase from the Moznaim brothers. We hope that everyone will find interesting useful information in the new issue. And, of course, we welcome your new submissions.
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Wilson, Virginia. "A Content Analysis of Google Scholar: Coverage Varies by Discipline and by Database." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2007): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8dw26.
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Objective – To ascertain the coverage by discipline, publication date, publication language, and upload frequency of the scholarly articles found in Google Scholar.
Design – Comparative content analyses.
Setting – Electronic information resources accessible via the internet (both freely accessible and for-fee databases).
Subjects – Forty-seven online databases and Google Scholar.
Methods – The study compared the content of 47 databases (21 Internet resources freely available to the general public; 26 restricted-access databases) covering a variety of subjects with the content of Google Scholar. Each database was assigned to one of the following discipline categories: business, education, humanities, science and medicine, social science, and multidisciplinary. From April through July 2005, researchers generated random samples of 50 article titles from each of the 47 databases and searched the titles on Google Scholar to determine inclusion.
Related studies were conducted for publication date and publication language analysis, and for the Google Scholar upload frequency study. For the publication date study, random samples from one database (PsycINFO) with a high degree of variability in Google Scholar coverage were searched for 1990, 2000, and 2004. For the publication language study, Google Scholar coverage of PsycINFO articles in English was compared to coverage of PsycINFO articles published in non-English languages. For the upload frequency study, two databases chosen for their high degree of coverage (BioMed Central and PubMed) were monitored to determine how often the new content was uploaded to Google Scholar.
Main Results – This study revealed that content covered by Google Scholar varies greatly from database to database and from discipline to discipline. Of the 47 databases studied, coverage ranged from 6% to 100%. Mean and median values of coverage for all databases were both 60%. The mean discipline category scores varied from the humanities databases at 10% coverage, to the social sciences and education at 39% and 41% respectively, to science and medicine databases at 76% coverage. Mean coverage was 77% for the multidisciplinary databases. Mean coverage of open access journal databases was 95%, freely accessible databases had 84% mean coverage, and single publisher databases had 83% mean coverage.
The publication language study found a bias towards English language publications. As well, a publication date bias was found – coverage of earlier dates was not as thorough as coverage of more recent publications. In the upload frequency study, for BioMed Central and PubMed there appears to be an approximately 15-week delay in the uploading of new material to Google Scholar.
Conclusions – The results of this study serve to alert researchers and information professionals that Google Scholar (in beta test mode at the time of the study) has poor coverage in certain areas. To those with access to commercial databases, this serves as a cautionary tale. To those with a dearth of commercial databases, Google Scholar is a welcome site and can provide at least some information. The researchers state that the search engine itself could make future content studies unnecessary if it decides to make its content collection methodology transparent to users. Upload frequency, Google Scholar’s linking services, the advanced search option, and the “cited by” feature could all be subjects of future studies. For its first year in operation, Google Scholar offers a broad range of discipline coverage with substantial depth in some areas. At the time of the study, Google Scholar was working with libraries and vendors to connect search results to library-licensed full text.
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Cigolini, Adilar Antonio, and André Scherer. "Geography in the Construction of Knowledge in Administration." Terr Plural 16 (2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.16.2220126.031.
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With the emergence of a globalized world, in which decisions depend on information on the most varied geographic scales, from local to global, it is essential that the management of companies, whether public or private, be guided by a vision of totality. Based on this assumption, the hypothesis of this study was to demonstrate the absence of formalized Geography in the curriculum of Administration courses (in higher education). The methodological procedures were based on documental verification (by analyzing the curriculum of the main Administration courses in the country), in which data on the official training of managers and how the curriculum of these courses is constituted were analyzed. It was identified deficiency in the training process of these professionals, highlighting the lack of approaches regarding fundamental notions of Geography during the teaching stages. This condition shows that administrative science still does not formally recognize the collaborative potential of Geography, a key discipline in stimulating the spatial thinking of managers that contributes to the full understanding of contemporary reality.
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Boldyreva, Elena. "Approach to automation of workshop design processes based on opinions of employers." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2020, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-1-94-104.
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The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of the workshop design process of the actively developing science-intensive areas that have a high degree of variability
of the technologies used and the requirements for the skills of specialists in the industry. The approach to organizing the automated design process for the daily workshops on the basis of expert opinions of the trainees’ employers has been proposed. The approach implements the model of pedagogical design ADDIE at the stages of analysis and design and involves four stages: calculating the degree of trust in experts, selecting learning tasks for the discipline, developing the structure of the workshop taking into account the relevance of each learning task of the discipline for a particular training profile, and calculating the complexity and assessments (points) tasks for each profile. According to the introduced rule of assessment, calculation of weight coefficients for each of the learning tasks and the rule of ranking the selected tasks are arranged in the optimal order for studying, and an individual learning path for each professional profile is formed. The methods and algorithms described can be used to develop information systems for designing a workshop.
A software package for instrumental and information support has been developed. It implements all the calculation and ranking functions and appears a system for the workshop automated design. Using this system and the proposed approach, the structure and the list of learning tasks of the workshop on the discipline “Embedded Systems” are formed. The proposed solutions allow an iterative assessment of the relevance of learning tasks of the discipline taking into account the expert opinions of potential employers and improve the real model of training specialists due to the high practical importance of the workshop and, as a result, to the high motivation of the trainees to obtain professional practical skills that are in demand in the labor market.
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Sartor, Paolo, Mario Sbrana, Nicola Ungaro, Chiara A. Marano, Corrado Piccinetti, and Gabriella Piccinetti Manfrin. "Distribution and abundance of Citharus linguatula, Lepidorhombus boscii (Risso, 1810) and Solea vulgaris, (Osteichthyes, Pleuronectiformes) in the Mediterranean Sea." Scientia Marina 66, S2 (June 30, 2002): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66s283.
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Information on distribution, relative abundance and size composition of the pleuronectiform species Citharus linguatula, Lepidorhombus boscii and Solea vulgaris was obtained during the MEDITS trawl surveys, carried out in a wide area of the Mediterranean Sea from 1994 to 1999. The three species showed a wide geographic distribution, as they were collected in all the macro-areas investigated, but with some differences in degree of presence among the 40 geographic sectors. Variations in abundance indices, analysed on a spatio-temporal basis with a Generalised Linear Model, were mostly related to the depth stratum and the macro-area. C. linguatula and S. vulgaris were especially found from 10 to 100 m depth, while L. boscii was most abundant on bottoms ranging from 100 to 500 m depth. The three species showed the highest abundance indices (kg/km2) in the Gulf of Lions, in the Greek Seas and along the Sardinian coasts. Especially for L. boscii and C. linguatula, the demographic structure showed that the sampled populations were mainly constituted by juveniles. The lowest biomass and abundance indices were obtained for S. vulgaris, whose catch was mainly composed of adult fish.
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Nemec, A. F. L., and R. O. Brinkhurst. "The Fowlkes–Mallows Statistic and the Comparison of Two Independently Determined Dendrograms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-119.
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When interpreting the results of a cluster analysis, it is important to understand why specific clustering patterns arise. Comparison of a "dependent" dendrogram with a second, independently determined "covariate" dendrogram (i.e. one that is based solely on information provided by various explanatory variables) is a simple way of investigating the role played by the covariates. The Fowlkes–Mallows statistic, which is a measure of the degree of similarity between two dendrograms, can be used to test the null hypothesis that two dendrograms are unrelated. We show that the Fowlkes–Mallows test can be usefully employed in the systematic comparison of a dependent dendrogram and covariate dendrogram. Since the test is nonparametric, it is applicable to a wide range of problems. As an illustrative example, a species abundance matrix for several benthic communities is subjected to a standard cluster analysis, and the resultant (dependent) dendrogram is compared with a clustering based on the geographic location of the communities. At least some of the clustering seen in the dependent dendrogram can be attributed to the geographic proximity of the stations.
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Davis, Dylan S. "Geographic Disparity in Machine Intelligence Approaches for Archaeological Remote Sensing Research." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060921.
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A vast majority of the archaeological record, globally, is understudied and increasingly threatened by climate change, economic and political instability, and violent conflict. Archaeological data are crucial for understanding the past, and as such, documentation of this information is imperative. The development of machine intelligence approaches (including machine learning, artificial intelligence, and other automated processes) has resulted in massive gains in archaeological knowledge, as such computational methods have expedited the rate of archaeological survey and discovery via remote sensing instruments. Nevertheless, the progression of automated computational approaches is limited by distinct geographic imbalances in where these techniques are developed and applied. Here, I investigate the degree of this disparity and some potential reasons for this imbalance. Analyses from Web of Science and Microsoft Academic searches reveal that there is a substantial difference between the Global North and South in the output of machine intelligence remote sensing archaeology literature. There are also regional imbalances. I argue that one solution is to increase collaborations between research institutions in addition to data sharing efforts.
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Watson, Don, Manfred Krug, and Claus-Christian Carbon. "The relationship between citations and the linguistic traits of specific academic discourse communities identified by using social network analysis." Scientometrics 127, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1755–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04287-9.
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AbstractFor a research article (RA) to be accepted, not only for publication, but also by its readers, it must display proficiency in the content, methodologies and discourse conventions of its specific discipline. While numerous studies have investigated the linguistic characteristics of different research disciplines, none have utilised Social Network Analysis techniques to identify communities prior to analysing their language use. This study aims to investigate the language use of three highly specific research communities in the fields of Psychology, Physics and Sports Medicine. We were interested in how these language features are related to the total number of citations, the eigencentrality within the community and the intra-network citations of the individual RAs. Applying Biber’s Multidimensional Analysis approach, a total of 771 RA abstracts published between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. We evaluated correlations between one of three network characteristics (citations, eigencentrality and in-degree), the corpora’s dimensions and 72 individual language features. The pattern of correlations suggest that features cited by other RAs within the discourse community network are in almost all cases different from those that are cited by RAs from outside the network. This finding highlights the challenges of writing for both a discipline-specific and a wider audience.
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Ling, Tong, and Yun Ma. "Computer 3D Scene Simulation of Ecological Landscape Layout Planning." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6602095.
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There are some problems in traditional 3D landscape construction and virtual display, such as inflexible landscape spatial organization and limitations of virtual garden simulation in reality. Virtual reality, virtual plants and geographic information systems, and other technologies are used. Based on parameterized method in constructing 3D landscape scene, the main elements of the landscape were, respectively, constructed and rendered in 3D model, and a complete 3D landscape scene construction model was formed. OpenGL shader language was used for rendering, improved NSGA-II algorithm was used with the help of bionic logic of the genetic evolution process to achieve landscape land allocation optimization. The experimental result shows: through 3D scene view clipping hierarchical detail model and other techniques, the frame rate of 3D landscape vegetation scene drawing was improved. The interactive 3D scene browsing is realized, and the six-degree-of-freedom omni-directional display of the whole landscape is provided.
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Fiorini, Lorena, Federico Falasca, Alessandro Marucci, and Lucia Saganeiti. "Discretization of the Urban and Non-Urban Shape: Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques for Territorial Planning." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 10439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010439.
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One of the goals of the scientific community is to equip the discipline of spatial planning with efficient tools to handle huge amounts of data. In this sense, unsupervised machine learning techniques (UMLT) can help overcome this obstacle to further the study of spatial dynamics. New machine-learning-based technologies make it possible to simulate the development of urban spatial dynamics and how they may interact with ecosystem services provided by nature. Modeling information derived from various land cover datasets, satellite earth observation and open resources such as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) represent a key structural step for geospatial support for land use planning. Sustainability is certainly one of the paradigms on which planning and the study of past, present and future spatial dynamics must be based. Topics such as Urban Ecosystem Services have assumed such importance that they have become a prerogative on which to guide the administration in the difficult process of transformation, taking place not only in the urban context, but also in the peri-urban one. In this paper, we present an approach aimed at analyzing the performance of clustering methods to define a standardized system for spatial planning analysis and the study of associated dynamics. The methodology built ad hoc in this research was tested in the spatial context of the city of L’Aquila (Abruzzo, Italy) to identify the urbanized and non-urbanized area with a standardized and automatic method.
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Boudreau, Paul R. "Acoustic Observations of Patterns of Aggregation in Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and Their Significance to Production and Catch." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-003.
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A dual-beam acoustic system was used to collect detailed information on density and body size over a 24-h period in an area of the Scotian Shelf occupied by a population of large spawning haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). The acoustic sampling showed a persistent gradient of decreasing density with distance from bottom with 50% of the fish < 2.5 m off bottom. Horizontally (scale of hundreds of metres), there was a high degree of local aggregation which changed dramatically over 24 h. Highest aggregation was in daytime, with fish more dispersed throughout the water column at night. The differences in the degree of aggregation with time of day appear to be sufficient to explain diel changes in net catch rates. On larger geographic scales (tens of kilometres), fish density was relatively uniform. Acoustics provide a method for studying the relative importance of aggregation on these various spatial scales to estimates of abundance. Haddock biomass density was also related to organism body size, as has been observed for other species in both aquatic and terrestrial situations, suggesting that haddock population density is determined by trophic interactions similar to those that underlie production of other populations of organisms.
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Vasilevskaya, Elena, Svyatlana Vashchanka, and Natalia Boboriko. "RATING SCORE SYSTEM AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF STUDENTS: EXPERIENCE OF THE CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF THE BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/19.16.108.
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Improvement of the natural-science higher education, and chemical education in particular, is impossible without evaluation of its quality. One of the criteria of education quality is academic achievements of the students. The experience of using the rating score system for evaluating of the students' academic achievements, accumulated at the Chemistry Faculty of the Belarusian State University (BSU), is discussed. The results of the analysis of students' progress at the Chemistry Faculty of the BSU in the discipline "Inorganic Chemistry" in 2014–2019 showed that the use of the rating system give objective information about the degree of success of students' training. Keywords: academic achievements, chemistry teaching, education quality, rating score system.
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ROMDHANE, LOTFI BEN, NADIA FADHEL, and BECHIR AYEB. "BUILDING CUSTOMER MODELS FROM BUSINESS DATA: AN AUTOMATIC APPROACH BASED ON FUZZY CLUSTERING AND MACHINE LEARNING." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 08, no. 04 (December 2009): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026809002692.
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Data mining (DM) is a new emerging discipline that aims to extract knowledge from data using several techniques. DM turned out to be useful in business where the data describing the customers and their transactions is in the order of terabytes. In this paper, we propose an approach for building customer models (said also profiles in the literature) from business data. Our approach is three-step. In the first step, we use fuzzy clustering to categorize customers, i.e., determine groups of customers. A key feature is that the number of groups (or clusters) is computed automatically from data using the partition entropy as a validity criteria. In the second step, we proceed to a dimensionality reduction which aims at keeping for each group of customers only the most informative attributes. For this, we define the information loss to quantify the information degree of an attribute. Hence, and as a result to this second step, we obtain groups of customers each described by a distinct set of attributes. In the third and final step, we use backpropagation neural networks to extract useful knowledge from these groups. Experimental results on real-world data sets reveal a good performance of our approach and should simulate future research.
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Sherekhova, O. M. "Academic Literacy Development among Master’s Degree Students in the Process of Studying a Foreign Language in Professional Communication." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 31, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2022-31-5-150-166.
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The knowledge-based model of education, in which the formation of the students’ skills to critically think, evaluate, analyze information and use it in their own research comes to the fore. However, it is necessary to note that the level of academic literacy is low, because students lack the academic writing skills needed to become successful professionals after graduation. This problem is caused by the lack of students’ motivation to write academic texts and present the result of their research work in front of the audience, the insufficient number of modern methods and approaches to teaching academic writing, the lack of special courses aimed at foreign language writing competence developing, as well as the absence of strategies for the formation of academic literacy which is the key competence for creating new knowledge. The article presents an analysis of the phenomenon of “academic literacy,” its structural components, on the basis of which the author suggests the indicators of its formation among undergraduates. Since academic literacy depends on the ability to communicate in academic discourse, the author of the article describes the experience of organizing the process of teaching written forms of professional and scientific communication to master’s degree students in law within the framework of the discipline “Foreign Language in Professional Communication.” Consistent writing skills training makes it possible to realize the requirements for academic literacy, namely: the ability to critically think, analyze information, accept and respect someone else’s point of view, create new knowledge, express ideas in a well-structured and accessible form, work independently, as well as evaluate the results of work. The process of mastering academic writing skills facilitates academic literacy of students, which opens up opportunities for effective communication in the academic community, as well as the successful integration of future specialists into scientific professional communities.
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Wellar, Barry. "Significant Advances in Applied Geography from Combining Curiosity-Driven and Client-Driven Research Methodologies." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2010071601.
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The central thesis of the 2005 Anderson Lecture is that significant achievements in applied geography occur when the principles and practices of curiosity-driven and client-driven research are combined in the statement of problem, the idealized and operational research design, and the procedures of evaluating results. A companion thesis extends the Anderson Lectures by Jack Dangermond, Brian Berry, and Tom Wilbanks by positing that the best of applied geography incorporates a commutative perspective when establishing the parameters of an inquiry. That is, using pair wise combinations for illustration, research study parameters such as epistemology-praxis, conceptual-empirical, spatial-aspatial, theory-hypothesis, method-technique, causeeffect, analysis-synthesis, and structure-function are necessary elements in applied research that validates geography as a science-based, societally-relevant discipline, and geographers as professional practitioners. The examples of remote sensing, optimization techniques, decision support systems, geographic information systems, and the Walking Security Index project are used to illustrate how significant advances in applied geography result from combining curiosity-driven and client-driven research methodologies.
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Christopher, Treg A., and John M. Goodburn. "The Effects of Spatial Patterns on the Accuracy of Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) Estimates of Forest Canopy Cover." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/23.1.5.
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Abstract The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) estimates percent canopy cover without spatially explicit information. Estimates of canopy cover in FVS can be corrected for crown overlap, based on the assumption that trees in a stand are randomly distributed. This research assessed the accuracy of FVS estimates of canopy cover in stands with nonrandom spatial patterns. A method for measuring canopy cover within a geographic information system was developed to compare with FVS estimates of cover for 19, stem-mapped plots across Idaho and Montana. The Ripley's K(d) statistic was used to describe natural and simulated spatial patterns, so that the accuracy of canopy cover estimated by FVS could be considered for groups of plots classified as regular, clustered, or random. Results from the analyses of the effects of spatial patterns indicated that the FVS may underestimate canopy cover by 11% for plots with highly regular spatial patterns and overestimate by 2% for plots with clustered patterns. Although the magnitude of this bias likely is insufficient to justify changing the model's algorithm for canopy cover, users of this model should be aware of the potential bias that can occur as a result of assuming that trees in a stand are randomly distributed. Information on the general spatial pattern of the stand (i.e., clumped, random, and even) could be used by managers to anticipate the expected degree and direction of the bias.
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Aiken, S. G., M. C. LeBlanc, and R. L. Boles. "Growth forms and sepal hairs of the purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia: Saxifragaceae) in North America related to chromosome records and DNA information." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 9 (October 2005): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-080.
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Growth forms and the presence or absence of hairs on the surfaces of the sepals of Saxifraga oppositifolia L. plants were examined on type specimens and more than 400 herbarium specimens collected from all over North America and Europe. Data were gathered on whether plant growth forms were compact, trailing, or intermediate between the extremes. Specimens were examined for whether or not hairs were present on the surface of the sepals between the long trichomes on the margins, and if so, an estimate was made of the degree of hairiness. While extreme forms of compact and trailing plants do occur, maps indicate that more of the plants collected in North America were intermediate in growth form. The geographic distribution of the presence or absence of hairs on the sepals is mapped, as is the gradation in degree of hairiness of sepals. The type specimen of S. oppositifolia subsp. smalliana (S. pulvinata), from the Yukon, has compact plants and flowers that have sepal surfaces with a few sparse hairs. The flowers have set fruits that have opened. “The smaller turbinate hypanthium” described in the original description may be the result of the structures being dehisced and dried up fruits. The type specimen of S. oppositifolia subsp. glandulisepala , from Alaska, is a relatively trailing specimen with some larger leaves. The sepal surfaces have a few glandular hairs. Whether or not the hairs appear glandular on herbarium specimens may reflect the stage of flowering at the time of collection. No morphological differences are associated with three different chromosome numbers known for S. oppositifolia plants from the area of the North American type specimens, and DNA analyses done mainly on European specimens, but also including a potential candidate for the name “smalliana”, gave inconclusive results. Thus, chromosome and DNA data join these morphological data on growth forms and the occurrence of sepal hairs to discourage recognizing subspecies among plants occurring in North America.
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Muraszkiewicz, Mieczysław. "An Essay on Information Overload." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 52, no. 1(103) (February 10, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.531.
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Purpose/thesis: Information overload, whether we realise it or not, is commonplace and affects various kinds of knowledge workers and ordinary consumers of information. The purpose of the paper is to identify main sources and reasons of the information flood and information overcharge, propose a remedy complete with the method of implementing personal trophic information pyramid, information firewall and everyday filtering routines, and envisage measures that the information science could elaborate on and employ in order to help limit the information overload.Approach/methods: The author’s personal experience as a researcher and teacher at a technical university and a heavy consumer of information, informal interviews with other scholars and knowledge workers of the high-tech corporate world, and talks with students and ordinary information users supplemented by desk research and statistics are the ground against which this essay was devised and written.Results and conclusions: The major conclusion of the reported research is that the overwhelming feeling of personal overcharge with information and some vulnerability to the information flood is commonplace regardless of the category of information consumers. However, rarely can one observe the cases of devising and implementing countermeasures to control the information flow and intake and shape conscious information users. The result of the study is a set of guidelines for individuals concerning self-protection against the information flood. The author has also discovered that the discipline of information science does not provide information users with explicit methodologies helping them to control the information intake and resist the information pollution.Originality/value: Information overload is a widely discussed topic in the international literature; however, it is virtually absent from Polish academic and scientific journals. This essay is an attempt to fill the gap in question, though to a certain degree only, and provide some recommendations for the information science concerning this issue, in particular by boosting and promoting digital literacy and awareness that information overcharge does exist and is a threat to human brains and mind.
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Zhu, Qiaoli, Xuesong Kong, Song Hong, Junli Li, and Zongyi He. "Global ontology research progress: a bibliometric analysis." Aslib Journal of Information Management 67, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-05-2014-0061.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the global scientific outputs of ontology research, an important emerging discipline that has huge potential to improve information understanding, organization, and management. Design/methodology/approach – This study collected literature published during 1900-2012 from the Web of Science database. The bibliometric analysis was performed from authorial, institutional, national, spatiotemporal, and topical aspects. Basic statistical analysis, visualization of geographic distribution, co-word analysis, and a new index were applied to the selected data. Findings – Characteristics of publication outputs suggested that ontology research has entered into the soaring stage, along with increased participation and collaboration. The authors identified the leading authors, institutions, nations, and articles in ontology research. Authors were more from North America, Europe, and East Asia. The USA took the lead, while China grew fastest. Four major categories of frequently used keywords were identified: applications in Semantic Web, applications in bioinformatics, philosophy theories, and common supporting technology. Semantic Web research played a core role, and gene ontology study was well-developed. The study focus of ontology has shifted from philosophy to information science. Originality/value – This is the first study to quantify global research patterns and trends in ontology, which might provide a potential guide for the future research. The new index provides an alternative way to evaluate the multidisciplinary influence of researchers.
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Faria, Luciene, Lucas A. Carrara, Frederico I. Garcia, and Marcos Rodrigues. "Assessing population size of the Chestnut-Capped Foliage-Gleaner." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 52, no. 24 (2012): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492012002400001.
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Chestnut-Capped Foliage-Gleaner (Hylocryptus rectirostris) is a Neotropical ovenbird species (Furnariidae) endemic to gallery forests of the Cerrado region of central Brazil. While it is not considered globally threatened, the degree of habitat loss occurring throughout much of its known distribution may warrant its inclusion on red lists beyond just the state of Sao Paulo. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the conservation status of Chestnut-Capped Foliage-Gleaner according to those criteria adopted by the IUCN. Results of censuses conducted in the Serra do Cipó National Park were used to estimate the entire population size of the Chestnut-Capped Foliage-Gleaner and refine our understanding of its actual geographic distribution. Census results indicate that the species has a population density of 3.8 pairs/100 ha and occupies only a quarter of its preferred habitat in the study area, which is well below the carrying capacity. The total population size estimate, accounting for its entire extent of known occurrence, is just over 54,000 pairs. The geographic distribution and total population size estimated in this study do not indicate that the Chestnut-Capped Foliage-Gleaner should be considered a threatened species according to IUCN criteria. However, it was not possible to evaluate this species’ conservation status based on information concerning population fluctuations over time, another of the IUCN criteria. Nonetheless, the rate of habitat destruction in the Cerrado during the last century has certainly resulted in a population decline of greater than 10%, a factor sufficient enough to warrant its inclusion in the IUCN category of vulnerable.