Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Finance'
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1
Hendrawardani, Blandina, and Joko Sukamto. "PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PT WOM FINANCE KEBUMEN." Jurnal E-Bis (Ekonomi-Bisnis) 3, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v3i1.111.
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Companies in achieving organizational goals requires human resources with high performance. Sophistication teknoloogi owned by the company does not mean anything if they are not supported by adequate human resources. This study aimed to determine the effect of labor discipline on the performance of employees at PT WOM Finance Kebumen.
The method used is descriptive quantitative method. The analytical method used is the Spearman rank correlation and coefficient of determination. The results showed that employee discipline and performance of employees at PT WOM Finance Kebumen are in either category in number 80,63% and 80%. The relationship between the variables of labor discipline with the performance of employees amounted to 0,833 at the 5% significance level that the degree is very strong relationship in a positive direction. The coefficient of determination showed 0.682 which means that the variable is explained by the variable performance of employees working discipline by 68.2% and the remaining 21.8% is explained by other factors beyond the study.
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Shai, Taola Simon, Zeleke Worku, and Mammo Muchie. "Fiscal Discipline and the Successful Completion of Municipal Projects: The Case of City of Tshwane." Enterprise Risk Management 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/erm.v5i1.15214.
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Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip and Wuster (2013) have shown the relationship between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study aims to assess and evaluate the degree of fiscal discipline exercised by employees of the City of Tshwane on municipal finance. Financial practitioners working in the City of Tshwane are required to comply with regulations and guidelines stipulated in the South African Municipal Finance Management Act (Act number 56 of 2003). Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 146 employees of the City of Tshwane who were responsible for providing financial services to customers. Data was collected by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Statistical methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and ordered probit regression were used for performing data analyses. Efficiency in financial management was assessed by assessing the degree of adherence of employees to the Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) based on a composite index defined by Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip & Wuster (2013). The study showed that 89% of the 146 employees who were selected for the study demonstrated adequate adherence to the Act, whereas 11% of employees failed to do so by the same standards. The study found that the degree of adherence of employees to the MFMA was significantly influenced by 3 factors. These 3 factors were degree of skills in financial accounting and auditing, duration of service, and degree of job satisfaction, in a decreasing order of strength. The results indicated a robust association between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects.
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Tumunbayarova, Zh, I. Bochkareva, and E. Derevtsova. "Improvement of the quality assessment methodology Of municipal finance management." Transbaikal State University Journal 26, no. 9 (2020): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2020-26-9-121-131.
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The problem of improving the quality of state and municipal finance management is very urgent at the present time. The purpose of the study is an attempt to substantiate the need to improve the methodology for assessing the quality of municipal finance management. One of the tasks is to test the hypothesis: municipalities with the population involved in the processes of initiative budgeting are most efficient in managing municipal finances. The object of the study is the municipalities of the Transbaikal region. In the course of the study, an analysis of the regional legal acts concerning the assessment of the quality of municipal finance management was carried out, as well as an analysis of this assessment in the context of some municipalities (urban districts) of the Transbaikal region. The analysis showed that the methodology for assessing the quality of municipal finance management in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is based on indicators characterizing the state of municipal finance and does not fully cover indicators of the quality of local authorities’ management decisions. The analysis also revealed a correlation relationship between the financial management quality of the municipal entity of the Transbaikal region and the degree of population involvement in the budget process. The article concludes that it is necessary to improve the existing methodology for assessing the quality of municipal finance management. The method based on 3 groups of indicators - the state of municipal finances, the level of municipal programs (national projects) implementation, the quality of municipal finance management is proposed. In order to improve financial discipline and transparency of the budgetary process, the author proposes to introduce a pilot project to develop initiative budgeting in municipalities
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Amri, Puspa, Eric M. P. Chiu, Greg Richey, and Thomas D. Willett. "Do financial crises discipline future credit growth?" Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-03-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether financial crises themselves provide some degree of ex post discipline. In other words, is there learning from the mistakes associated with crises? The authors test this hypothesis on credit growth, a frequent contributor to banking crises. Design/methodology/approach The study uses statistical tests (comparison of means) on a sample of 72 banking crises, the onset of which occurred between 1980 and 2008. Tests for significance of the difference are conducted using Kolmogorov–Smirnov equality in distribution tests. Findings The results show that real credit growth fell substantially (relative to average) by about 8 per cent points from pre- to post-crisis periods, and that average banking regulation and supervision strengthens after a crisis. Originality/value This paper provides empirical support for the proposition that while financial markets may fail to give sufficient warning signals before a financial crisis, they may discipline governments to undertake reforms in the aftermath of a crisis.
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Imam, Tasadduq, Michael Cowling, and Narottam Das. "Designing Computer Games to Teach Finance and Technical Concepts in an Online Learning Context: Potential and Effectiveness." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 4205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224205.
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Designing computer games to educate students is not a new technique. Not all disciplines, however, embed the same degree of cognitive load, and not all game design approaches are appropriate across contexts. Teaching technical business disciplines, such as finance, using a game imposes specific challenges, especially when the subject is offered online and to students who may not be from relevant technical backgrounds. However, there has only been limited attention concerning the use of game-based learning (GBL) for teaching finance at the higher education level, especially when delivered online. This article explores the potential of GBL to teach finance at an Australian university. We further present the outcomes of a survey of students’ experiences concerning the unique business simulation tool. The results reveal that while a game-based intervention can positively affect students’ learning in a technical discipline, such as finance, the design also needs to be such that the players can relate the experience to learning goals and practical needs for satisfactory outcomes. A defining aspect of this research is using Bayesian analysis, capable of gaining insights irrespective of sample size, yet not widely used in the higher education research area in favour of the frequentist analysis. Bayesian analysis shows a high probability of the educational game achieving positive or satisfactory ratings. Further, two aspects of a game—functionalities and usability and perception of impact—are particularly noted to influence the game’s overall rating. Overall, the outcomes from this research call for careful consideration of the learners’ requirements and capability towards ensuring an enjoyable outcome rather than just focusing on a game’s content or context.
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Schoeman, N. J., Z. Clausen Robinson, and T. J. De Wet. "Foreign direct investment flows and fiscal discipline in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i2.2609.
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This paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on foreign direct investment (PDI) in South Africa during the past 30 years. Casual empirical analysis reveals a definite linkage between FDI flows and variables such as the deficit/GDP ratio, representing fiscal discipline, and the tax burden on foreign investors. This relationship is substantiated by econometric analysis. Given the economy's large degree of dependence on foreign capital, the government may contribute to an investor-friendly environment by adjusting fiscal policy. Some inroads have been made in this regard with the government's Medium-term Expenditure Framework (MTEF), which projects a policy of strict fiscal discipline in years to come. However, the tax burden is still relatively high and, due to its impact on foreign direct capital flows, requires urgent attention.
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Zhurakhovska, Liudmyla. "Automation of the compliance matrix «Discipline – Competence» (by example of the educational masters program «Financial Intermediation»)." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 4(60) (July 31, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237758.
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The object of this research is the automation of the compliance matrix «Disciplines – Competences», which are the links between the list of compulsory and elective disciplines of the educational program according to the curriculum and the set of competencies of the graduate required by the Standard of higher education. The development of the educational program includes a combination of disciplines with «Program Learning Outcomes», which is listed in the Standard. One of the most problematic places is time-consuming of the process of «drawing-up» the links from «General Competencies» (GC) and «Professional Competencies» (PC) of disciplines to «Program Learning Outcomes» (PO). This problem is considered on the basis of the Educational and Professional Program (OPP) «Financial Intermediation» Academic Degree «Master» specialty 072 «Finance, Banking and Insurance» in the field of science 07 «Management and Administration» of the Department of Banking of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (KNUTE, Ukraine). The research methods are to use the design of relationships between logical elements («entities») of the data model (Entity-Relationship Model). To develop a compliance matrix «Disciplines – Competences» in the paper the author proposed a software application based on Excel (hereinafter «Application»), which allows to automate the construction of such links. There is a significant reduction in the time-consuming of preparing educational programs by guarantors and support groups. This is due to the fact that the proposed application has a number of features of use, in particular automates the construction of matrices of correspondence «Discipline – Competence». The method of automation of the compliance matrix «Disciplines – Competences» proposed in the research was successfully tested by the author in the development of educational and professional programs of KNUTE, namely «Financial Intermediation», «Management of Banking Business» and «Financial Brokerage». Thus, the application is universal and can be used by guarantors and support groups to build Compliance Matrices of the educational programs of other specializations and specialties.
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Akbari, Ather H., and Yigit Aydede. "Economic Benefits of Studying Economics in Canada: A Comparison of Wages of Economics Majors with Wages in Other Disciplines, Circa 2005." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v45i4.185270.
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We compared the wages of economics degree holders with of those in 49 other fields of study using data from the 2006 Canadian population census. At the undergraduate level, economics majors earned the sixth highest average wage in 2005. When demographic controls were applied, they ranked ninth on the salary scale. When we compared the wages in 15 fields that require students to take math courses, economists ranked in the middle, as they also did when working as managers and professionals. When working as business and finance professionals, economists had wages surpassed only by finance majors. At the graduate level, economics majors had a greater wage advantage over all of the other fields except for business majors. These results are useful for Canadian university economics departments that have been experiencing declining enrolments over the past few years. In addition, we hope they will enable students to make more informed choices regarding their academic discipline. The results also highlight the need to direct greater policy attention towards developing mathematical skills among incoming university students as a prerequisite for them to build analytical skills, the demand for which in the labour market has been demonstrated in some Canadian and US studies.
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Díaz-Roldán, Carmen. "Fiscal performance in monetary unions: How much austerity should be allowed?" Panoeconomicus 64, no. 1 (2017): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan140730021d.
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The effectiveness of fiscal policy becomes particularly relevant in the case of the member countries of a monetary union facing a sovereign debt crisis. In that environment, fiscal policy is constrained by the need to carry out fiscal consolidation and reduce debt levels. For that reason and with the purpose of anchoring fiscal discipline, the adoption of fiscal rules has become a central issue. In this paper we will analyse the management of fiscal policies in monetary unions, when the central bank and the fiscal authorities follow policy rules. The results are related to the conservativeness of the central bank, the degree of austerity of the fiscal authorities and the initial level of public debt.
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Hussain, Javed, Cindy Millman, Jonathan Scott, Paul Hannon, and Harry Matlay. "Ethnic Minority Graduate Entrepreneurs in the UK." Industry and Higher Education 21, no. 6 (December 2007): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007783099845.
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Small ethnic minority businesses make an important contribution to the UK economy, and this is reflected in their rapid growth over the last decade. A considerable proportion of the growth in new venture creation can be attributed to ethnic minority graduates, who increasingly embark on entrepreneurship as a rewarding and fulfilling alternative to paid employment. An illustrative case study approach is adopted for the purpose of this research study. The results of a qualitative investigation of four new venture creation case studies of graduate ethnic minority entrepreneurs in the UK indicate that the main contribution of higher education for these graduate entrepreneurs was in the area of knowledge and skills acquisition. The main motivational factors acknowledged by the respondents included ‘lack of satisfaction’ in working for others, the need to be their own ‘boss’ and achieve more, and the prospect of higher earnings. The authors found no correlation between degree discipline and graduates' propensity to become entrepreneurs. Graduates from non-business disciplines appear to be more likely to engage in entrepreneurship. The size of start-up finance can have an impact on the survival and growth of new ventures. It is therefore suggested that financial institutions and government agencies should develop more focused services, aimed specifically at supporting ethnic minority graduate entrepreneurs in their drive to convert business ideas into thriving and employment-generating enterprises.
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Szambelańczyk, Jan, and Monika Marcinkowska. "Should The Paradigms of Banking Theory be Redefined Based on Banking Practice? (Thoughts on The Polarity of Opinion Concerning The Polish Banking Sector)." e-Finanse 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0145.
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Abstract In accordance with the principles of best academic practice, a research community is identified through an internalised paradigm comprising notions and theories that form the foundations of a given academic field or discipline. This paper aims to provide a selective overview of differing opinions with respect to solutions, phenomena or processes concerning the Polish banking sector, as an example of the degree of development of banking theory and practice.In view of the analysis a question arises as to whether finance and socio-economic practice holds a paradigm that would prove adequate in terms of the level of development of such practice, i.e. the so-called disciplinary matrix, involving symbolic generalisations, informational efficiency of financial markets hypothesis), methodological assumptions (reflecting the cognitive structure of the phenomena, processes or structures researched) or, finally, models for resolving scientific problems (handbooks, monographs, research reports) and practical experience (e.g. methods of arbitration valuation, estimating the risk premium). Or perhaps, as G. Kołodko would put it, the finance paradigm is really based on the fact that “things happen the way they do, because many things are happening all at once”. It cannot be ruled out that what finance needs is a change similar to the economics of complexity, defined by A. Wojtyna as the incorporation of a behavioral concept (reconstructing the homo oeconomicus concept) and challenging the traditional understanding of economic system equilibrium and dynamics.It is also worth considering whether the triad of finance categories (money, risk, time) is not lacking a fourth component, namely trust, essential for financial stability and the balance between finance capital and social capital, serving as the basis for efficient financial intermediation (including the development of an unselfish advisory function, especially with regard to financial products securing the customers’ day-to-day existence in the post-employment period).
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Miner, Michael A. "Unpacking the monolith." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 661–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2019-0101.
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Purpose The term STEM often remains an undifferentiated category, especially at the graduate level. Conceptualizing STEM as a monolithic category, rather than as a combination of distinct fields, prevents researchers from understanding and documenting the full range of persistent inequality within scientific disciplines at the graduate level and throughout the lifespan. The purpose of this paper is to address two oversights prior to degree completion within the context of the USA by asking two specific questions: To what extent is gender associated with choice of discipline within STEM graduate education? In the USA, do gender differences in STEM fields depend on citizenship status? Design/methodology/approach Using data from the 2015 International STEM Graduate Student in the US Survey, this study employs multinomial logistic regression analyses and presents predicted probabilities to assess differences of enrollment in STEM fields by gender and citizenship status. Findings Results show that domestic women were less likely to enroll in computer sciences and engineering when compared to domestic men. However, in contrast to domestic students, there were no gender differences among international students’ enrollment in engineering. Research limitations/implications This paper shows the importance and complexity of how gender intersects with citizenship status in enrollment patterns in STEM graduate fields. The survey included the top 10 universities in the USA based on the total enrollment of international students, and it is unclear if there exists differences in these selected students and schools when compared to students at colleges and universities that enroll less international graduate students. Originality/value The author makes the case to disaggregate STEM to better assess how specific fields can be modified to attract graduate students worldwide. This paper accentuates the significance of gender and citizenship status for understanding differences in choice of discipline among graduate students in STEM.
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English, Michael. "Urban Consulting Practice." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.1.pn3h2457236v4097.
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In 1974 I enrolled in the inaugural class of the University of South Florida's (USF) M.A. program in applied anthropology. My undergraduate degree had been in finance and prelaw, and my experience with anthropology very limited. My interest in the program had been spurred by a St. Petersburg Times interview with Ailon Shiloh, then the graduate program director. The article told an exciting story about a new idea for anthropology—that the powerful analytical tools and perceptual abilities of the discipline could be taught to master's students, who could then be turned loose on modern American society to become effective and empathetic problem solvers. I was in my mid-twenties and ready to make a commitment to graduate education and a career. Anthropology had never occurred to me, probably because educational and career possibilities in this generally mysterious social science were limited, in my perception, to a Ph.D. and university teaching.
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Jumsai na Ayudhya, Thirayu. "Research Directions in Interior Architecture in the Higher Education in Thailand (1997-2016)." Asian Social Science 13, no. 8 (July 24, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n8p66.
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This research aims to explore research directions in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand within the past two decades (1997-2016). This research is a part of the quinquennial curriculum renewal process of the master degree of interior architecture programme, Department of Interior Architecture, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL). The systematic literature review was conducted to track back on theses in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand. The query focused on master degree theses published from 1997 to 2016 within ThaiLIS-Thai Library Integrated System (TTLIS) in which research, theses, and dissertations of all universities in Thailand were systematically collected. The keyword ‘interior architecture’ was used to search for thesis documents in TTLIS with specifically refined results on master degree theses in all universities in Thailand. One hundred and ninety-six theses were found in the search. This research comprises two stages. In the first stage, all one hundred and ninety-six theses were systematically reviewed and categorized into different types of research. It was found that there was no predictive research type and no novel theoretical framework generated among studied theses. In second stage, semi-structure interview was adopted to explore details of participants’ experiences of doing their theses; inspirations, background ideas, supports, and obstacles. A lack of generating new theoretical frameworks in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand has weaken the progression of research in this discipline. Developing a novel theoretical framework in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand is recommended.
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Ngcamu, Bethuel Sibongiseni. "Conceptualizing transformation in the post-merger and incorporation environment era." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 5/6 (June 13, 2016): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2015-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gauge the knowledge of the university leaders at the Durban University of Technology on transformation. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches guided by a structured survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews with the university leaders. The questionnaires generated the reliability coefficient α of 0.947, indicating a high degree of acceptance and consistency of the results. Findings – The study findings reveal the highest percentage of 70 per cent regarding the belief that transformation refers to restructuring the institution more than commonly anticipated variables such as race (56 per cent) and redressing the past injustices (59 per cent). Research limitations/implications – The limitation of the study was the scarcity of published material on the sub-dimensions of the study of transformation (transformation as referring to attracting qualified employees). Another limitation which was observed included the paucity of data regarding discipline and knowledge of transformation variables. Practical implications – This study suggests transformation in higher education institutions is defined through internal (operational and core) and external factors with a direct influence. Originality/value – This paper could potentially enrich the meaning of transformation, derived from the context and experience of South Africa.
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Bisschoff, CA. "A preliminary model to identify low-risk MBA applicants." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 8, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v8i3.1204.
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Business schools throughout the world strive to admit “quality” students to their MBA programmes. To achieve this, various measures are employed during the selection processes. These measures include various tests such as the General Management Admissions Test, Test of English as foreign language and the Common Admission Test, to name but a few. Although these tests may be successful in indicating the quality of applicants, their predictive capabilities with reference to the academic performance in the discipline of management and leadership are unproven, while some researchers even regard these tests to be biased or unscientific across cultural boundaries.This article attempts to provide a preliminary model that could be applied to applicants in order to predict their academic success on an MBA programme. To do so, the model makes use of historical academic performance of 729 MBA students who enrolled during the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 at the Potchefstroom Business School of the Northwest University. These students graduated in the years 2001, 2002 and 2003. A vast array of demographic, academic and historical variables is employed by discriminant analyses to categorise the applicants into 2 groups, namely:• “Low-to-no -isk” applicants for the MBA programme (most preferred applicants that should graduate within the minimum period of 3 years);• Applicants who did not complete their degree in 3 years. This category contains two groups of students, namely those who extended their studies to 4 years, and those who failed and subsequently dropped out of the MBA programme. Further analysis of this category identified:o “Medium-to-low-risk” applicants who are expected to complete their degree in 4 years (they need an additional year to complete the 3-year degree). Although this category is less favourable, they do complete their studies. o “High-risk” applicants are those who are not expected to complete their degrees and would probably exit the programme without obtaining any qualification. These applicants should not be allowed to enter into the MBA programme.The reliability of the discriminant function rates favourably with 71% (MBA in 3 years), 62% (MBA in 4 years) and 83% (dropping out of the programme) being categorised correctly by the respective discriminant functions. Being a preliminary model, its predictive capabilities need to be verified in practice before it can be implemented as tool to render assistance in MBA admissions. The value of this research lies in the fact that it constitutes a model that could be employed and improved as a predictive tool in an environment where very limited predictive tools exist. Therefore, although it is by no means a tried and tested model, it sets the scene by supplying a scientific base from which incremental improvements could result.
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Joyce Hwee-Nga Koe and Ken Kyid Yeoh. "Factors Influencing Financial Planning for Marriage amongst Young Malaysian Couples." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3161.2021.
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Financial planning for marriage contributes to happier, more satisfying and longer-lasting unions. However, there is increasing evidence that young Malaysian couples are burdened by excessive debts and have a tendency to overspend on their wedding. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the current study investigates key factors — financial literacy, attitude towards money, attitude towards debt, financial goals and social influence — that are likely to influence the degree of financial planning for marriage undertaken by married and soon-to-be-married couples. The study also examines the mediating role of financial literacy on the relationships between the aforementioned key factors and financial planning for marriage. The study collected data from a sample of 201 respondents recruited via purposive sampling and used a bootstrapped partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach for data analysis. The results showed that (i) financial literacy positively influences financial planning for marriage; (ii) attitude towards money, financial goals and social influence positively influence both financial literacy and financial planning for marriage; (iii) attitude towards debt has a negative influence on financial planning for marriage but no influence on financial literacy; and (iv) financial literacy has a mediating effect. The findings highlight the importance of financial counselling, education as well as discipline in bringing about successful marriages.
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Rao, D. Suryachandra, and M. SRAVANI. "Self Regulatory Organizations in Indian Microfinance Sector." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v7i1.712.
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Introduction of Micro Finance Institutions (Development and Regulation) Bill, 2012 is a land mark in the history of Indian Microfinance Industry. This bill aims to provide for the development and regulation of microfinance institutions in India. One of the salient features of this bill is that all NBFCâ€MFIs must be members of at least one selfâ€regulatory organization (SRO) recognized by the RBI and comply with the code of conduct prescribed by the SRO. Even though the introduction of the Microfinance bill is a bit late, all the stakeholders appreciated and welcome the move of the Government. The microfinance industry in India is highly distributed and has many small players. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has limited presence on the ground. As the MFIs have businesses in the hinterland, there is a need for self-regulatory organizations (SROs) to enforce some self-discipline in the sector. An SRO is a voluntary body appointed by the industry participants to monitor the functioning of all players in the industry and bring in some degree of standardization in industry practices. These organizations operate under the overall regulatory supervision of the main regulator and help the main regulators in accomplishing their regulatory objectives. This mechanism provides an effective and efficient form of regulation in the constantly changing business environment because SROs virtually strive to strike an intelligent balance between the interest of its members and their regulatory responsibilities delegated by the main regulators. So, an SRO for microfinance institutions will play a complementary role to the Reserve Bank of India. Normally, this kind of entities knows the industry best and in many ways has the understanding, knowledge and ability to recognize a problem before it becomes too big. The authors made an attempt in this paper to provide a conceptual understanding on self-regulatory organizations (SROs), their functions and benefits, give clarity about SROs in Indian financial system in general and in Micro Finance Sector in particular. This paper also highlights the issues to be handled by RBI, while designing the policy frame work for SROs. Also focuses on contemporary challenges for self-regulatory organizations with a view to enable them to formulate strategies to overcome.
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Siriwardhane, Pavithra, and Prem W. S. Yapa. "Human Rights from a Social Accounting Perspective in a Post-conflict Environment: The Case of Sri Lanka." Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal 15, no. 4 (2021): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v15i4.6.
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This paper examines how three decades of civil conflict in Sri Lanka has impacted the perceptions of the accounting practitioners with regard to human rights (both during and post-conflict). Using the legitimacy lens in social accounting and the role of the state-supported accountancy body - Institute of Chartered Accountants Sr Lanka (CASL) human rights case is investigated. Specifically, the study’s scope is on rights and the degree of legitimacy formation for which accounting associations are accountable for human rights disclosure in a post-conflict environment in an emerging economy. The study interprets documentary evidence and a survey data that was administered among the members of the CASL. The findings reveal that the civil conflict had not hindered the accountants being in parallel with the legitimacy of social accounting notions adopted by the Western world in the disclosure of human rights. At the individual response level, they perceive that the accounting discipline as agents to promote human rights disclosure in business entities. Despite the fact, that this study has a low response rate, what is generalisable is an understanding of the processes and mechanisms which relate to the way the accountants perceived human rights by themselves. The practical implication indicates that urgent measures need to be undertaken to mainstream the legitimate human rights obligations of business entities since there is no one-size-fits-all strategy in a post-conflict environment. The social implication is that awareness of human rights issues, especially among the next generation of accountants is vital since this transformation would enable them not only to be technically competent but also to be ethical in a post-conflict environment. The study contributes to the literature on perceptions of human rights in a post-conflict environment from a social accounting perspective in an emerging economy.
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Caballero, Ricardo J. "Macroeconomics after the Crisis: Time to Deal with the Pretense-of-Knowledge Syndrome." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.4.85.
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The recent financial crisis has damaged the reputation of macroeconomics, largely for its inability to predict the impending financial and economic crisis. To be honest, this inability to predict does not concern me much. It is almost tautological that severe crises are essentially unpredictable, for otherwise they would not cause such a high degree of distress. What does concern me about my discipline is that its current core —by which I mainly mean the so-called dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach—has become so mesmerized with its own internal logic that it has begun to confuse the precision it has achieved about its own world with the precision that it has about the real one. This is dangerous for both methodological and policy reasons. To be fair to our field, an enormous amount of work at the intersection of macroeconomics and corporate finance has been chasing many of the issues that played a central role during the current crisis, including liquidity evaporation, collateral shortages, bubbles, crises, panics, fire sales, risk-shifting, contagion, and the like. However, much of this literature belongs to the periphery of macroeconomics rather than to its core. I will discuss the distinction between the core and the periphery of macroeconomics as well as the futile nature of the integrationist movement—that is, the process of gradually bringing the insights of the periphery into the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium structure. I argue that the complexity of macroeconomic interactions limits the knowledge we can ever attain, and that we need to place this fact at the center of our analysis. We should consider what this complexity does to the actions and reactions of the economic agent, and seek analytical tools and macroeconomic policies that are robust to the enormous uncertainty to which we are confined.
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O'Leary, Nigel C., and Peter J. Sloane. "The Return to a University Education in Great Britain." National Institute Economic Review 193 (July 2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950105058559.
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In this paper, we estimate the rate of return to first degrees, Masters degrees and PhDs in Britain using data from the Labour Force Survey. We estimate returns to broad subject groups and more narrowly defined disciplines, distinguishing returns by gender and controlling for variations in student quality across disciplines. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity in returns to particular degree programmes and by gender, which have important policy implications for charging students for the costs of their education.
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Contreras, Carlos, and Julio Angulo. "Does a Clarke-Groves type tax prevent free riding when implementing Eurobonds?" Applied Economic Analysis 29, no. 86 (April 5, 2021): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aea-03-2020-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a Clarke-Groves Tax (CGT) type as a remedy to the criticism that the implementation of Eurobonds has raised regarding the risk of undermining fiscal discipline. In this model, a government minimizes its sovereign debt-to-GDP ratio in a given period and decides whether to join a common sovereign debt club. In doing so, it exposes itself to a positive or negative tax burden while benefiting from the liquidity premium involved in creating a secure asset. The authors found that the introduction of this tax may prevent free riding behaviours if Eurobonds were to be implemented. To illustrate this, the authors provide some numerical simulations for the Eurozone. Design/methodology/approach In the model presented, a government which optimizes a social utility function decides whether to join the common debt club. Findings The adoption of the proposed tax could prevent free-riding behaviours and, therefore, encourages participation by those countries with lower debt levels that would have not otherwise taken part in this common debt mechanism. Under certain circumstances, we can expect the utility of all members of this club to improve. The bias in the distribution of gains might be mitigated by regulating the tax rule determining the magnitude of payment/reward. The proportion of the liquidity premium, arising from the implementation of a sovereign safe asset, has a decisive impact on the degree of the governments’ utility enhancement. Research limitations/implications The adoption of a CGT would require Eurobonds club members to reach an agreement on “the” theoretical model for determining the sovereign debt yield. One of the limitations of this model is considering the debt-to-GDP ratio as the sole determinant of public debt yields. Moreover, the authors assumed the relationship between the debt-to-GDP ratio and funding costs to be identical for all countries. Any progress in the implementation of the proposed transfer scheme would require a more realistic and in-depth analysis. Practical implications A new fiscal rule based on compensating countries with lower public debt levels could be a way to mitigate free-riding problems if a Eurobond mechanism is to be established. Originality/value This fiscal rule has not been proposed or analysed before in a context such as that considered by this paper.
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Yablochnikova, I. O. "FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY OF MASTER OF FINANCE STUDENTS IN BELGIUM." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-3/17.
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The article dwells upon organizational aspects related to the Master’s Degree training and the effective formation of professional competency in the Master of Finance programs in higher educational institutions of Belgium. The Master of Finance programs of the University of Liège, the University of Leuven, the University of Ghent, etc. were analyzed. The disciplines (compulsory and optional) that students study, the required number of ECTS credits, the planned learning outcomes and the terms of study were characterized. The compulsory disciplines contribute to the formation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills for professional activities in the field of public and corporate finance, budgeting, investment, actuarial calculations and banking. In the optional disciplines, the specificity of the financial activity is taken into account, and the knowledge of highly specialized areas of financial activity is formed. The article also summarizes the application procedure and enrollment conditions for the Master of Finance programs and gives the differences in the programs that have the practical focus and the scientific orientation. The formed competencies of Masters of Finance should ensure constant solvency and sustainable development of entrepreneurial structures, manufacturing enterprises, and the financial, economic and tax system of the country as a whole. The results of the system analysis, implemented by the author and presented in this article, can be of interest for education managers, professors and researchers. It is substantiated that a number of positive aspects of the organization of professional training of Masters of Finance in Belgian universities can be replicated in domestic higher schools.
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Castillo, Manuel P., Ali G. Mamaclay, and Jose Arsenio R. Adriano. "The Accountancy Fresh Graduates of Wesleyan University – Philippines in the Light of the Skills Expectations of Industry Partners." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.810.10993.
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Employers consider a graduate's achievements in the relevant discipline to be required but not sufficient for them to be hired. It is essential that we fully understand what future employers will accept and needed. In the past, a graduate degree would ensure the welfare of a student's future. Today, something more different. A mere college diploma is inadequate for an individual to secure a promising future.
This study aims to determine the fresh graduates' professional accounting skills and technology skills needed by the company and demonstrated by the accounting graduates. Results of study analysis comprised twenty (20) companies showed that computing techniques, written communication, reporting skills, measurement skills, professionalism, and oral communication are what employers seek. Moreover, companies observed that accounting graduates are more knowledgeable in reporting, research, measurement, finance, strategic and critical thinking skills, and problem-solving skills.
Regarding technology skills, companies seek employees knowledgeable in spreadsheet packages, accounting packages (SAP, Pastel, QuickBooks), word processing packages, communication software (Skype, Outlook, Slack), electronic commerce, and the worldwide web. However, accounting graduates possess word processing packages, communication software (skype, outlook, slack), world wide web, electronic commerce, and windows. It was revealed that students must be well-versed in Microsoft Office Applications, as this was the employers' primary skills needed both professional accounting skills and technology skills. These results provide the academicians with useful information.
Building fundamentals, becoming competitive and continual development of abilities in accounting needs a tough knowledge foundation. Specializing in a specific area of accounting, such as financial reporting, taxation, or auditing, helps an individual become a highly sought-after professional. In a more distinct framework and profound lens, this study will convey collaborations on how Nueva Ecija industries search to hire new accounting professionals.
In detail, the foregoing survey purposes were addressed: to determine the required skills the employers seek from accounting graduates, to identify the more important accountancy graduates' skills, to examine if do companies treat the professional accounting skills similar to technological skills, and to discover if there were any difference on the requirements of employers and the skills demonstrated by accounting graduates.
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Benlagha, Noureddine, and Wael Hemrit. "The inter and intra Relationship between Economics, Administrative sciences and Social sciences disciplines." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 3, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.03.6.
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The aim of this paper is to present a framework proposal for measuring the extent to which the six disciplines (Economic, Administrative sciences, Finance and investment, Accounting, Banking and Insurance and risk management) reach out to spaces shared with other disciplines at the College of Economic and Administrative sciences in the University of Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. First, in the Intraspecific Relationship measurement, our results indicate that these disciplines are far from having a dependence with History, Politics, Ethics and Sociology. Second, we find that the studies of the Sharia are flourishing and the economic and administrative sciences courses in the field are being defended. In the field study of Interspecific Relationships, our results indicate a deficiency of the relationship between the related disciplines in different manners. Economic and Administrative sciences disciplines have, especially, the lowest degree of openness, compared to the rest of disciplines.
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Mughal, Arsalan Manzoor, and Muhammad Umar. "Evolution of Post Graduate Curricula in Pakistan." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 25, no. 4 (January 13, 2022): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v25i4.1884.
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Postgraduate medical training started with the apprenticeship model. This system heavily relied on tradition and subjectivity. In the middle of the 20th century, there was a gradual shift to an objective-based structure which had its roots in the works of Ralph Tyler and Benjamin Bloom. As a result, the curriculum became focused on predefined objectives in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. This drive was aimed to standardize the learning criteria across various centers and align the tools for assessment for postgraduate medical students.1In our country, the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) has been the main center of postgraduate medical education since its inception in 1962. With both local and foreign-trained faculty members, it was one of the first centers to start training in Medical Education in collaboration with the World Health Organization in 1979.2 Various supervisor workshops and certifications by the Department of Medical Education helped equip the faculty with the tools required for curricular development.3 Thus new curricula in each discipline were developed and were called “structured training programs”. They were based on the objective approach and largely focused on summative assessments with very few formative assessments.4In the last two decades, new evidence and methods of postgraduate teaching and assessment have evolved in the west.5 Due to technological enhancements in patient care and vast development in the scientific pool of medical knowledge, there was a demand to define outcome-based competencies that strongly align with the demands of the workplace. As a result, competency-based curriculum models were developed which “de-emphasized time-based training and promised greater accountability, flexibility, and learner-centeredness”.1 CANMEDS (Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists) and ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) are two of the most popular systems having a competency-based framework which has been developed and successfully implemented in North America.Competency-based programs differ from objective-based ones in the fact that instead of prescribing how to teach or learn, they focus on the demonstration of various competencies required for practice. A competency-based curriculum must exhibit “teacher-learner relationship and responsibility, workplace-based assessment approach, alignment of competencies with criterion-referenced assessment, and flexible training duration”. 6 The system focuses on the attainment of competencies by the trainee to determine readiness for unsupervised practice rather than the length of their training.The structure of a competency-based curriculum is not based solely on objectives but rather uses defined Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) which align the teaching and assessment at the workplace with the competency frameworks. Another key aspect of this curricular structure is milestones which are based on the skill development framework of Dreyfus and Dreyfus.1 Both these key elements ensure that the trainee has attained the desired level of clinical skill to practice.The teaching of these competencies is often done in a workplace setting. Assessments employ Work Place Based Assessment (WPBA) tools such as Directly Observed Procedural Skills (DOPS) for procedural skills, Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercises (Mini-CEX), and Chart Based Recall (CBR) for clinical reasoning skills and 360-degree feedback for professionalism, interpersonal and communication skills. The system also caters to the extent of differential achievement of learners by offering targeted help to trainees in form of regular formative feedback which is an essential component of WPBAs.7As with other, in vogue ideas of medical education, the College of Surgeons and Physicians Pakistan was the first to develop a competency-based curricular framework nearly a decade ago. It was centered on patient care and involved professionalism, pedagogy, and advocacy as essential competencies to be acquired by the specialists.4,8 One key area where the CPSP fellowship program has developed since then is the development of portfolios 9 in the form of an electronic log (e-log) system for regular monitoring of training. The e-log system also includes reflections by supervisors and trainees which is a step in the right direction.10 Other technological solutions such as learning management systems, mobile applications, simulation, and social media if added could further enhance student learning and engagement.11,12 A close inspection of the current fellowship and membership structured training programs of CPSP reveals that despite the claim of running a competency-based framework, none of the key features of this system like defined EPAs, milestones, and WPBA strategies exist. Also, there is a lack of curricular alignment with the core competencies. So, it is difficult to consider it as a competency-based framework of postgraduate medical education in a true sense.Other medical universities in the country have relatively recently developed their Master of Surgery (MS) and Doctor of Medicine (MD) curricula. Wide variations exist in their induction, teaching & learning, assessment, and evaluation criteria. Also, limited literature is available to study their curricular structural design. Instead of adopting the new competency-based framework, most have chosen to retain the archaic objective-based curricular model. Unfortunately, with no guidelines from the nascent Pakistan Medical Commission, most programs tend to evolve in the light of the Higher Education Commission’s curriculum recommendations which are based on the older objective-based approach.13Rawalpindi Medical University right from its inception had the vision to develop a University Residency Program for post-graduate studies in Medicine, Surgery, and allied disciplines based on ACGME competency-based curriculum. Under this program, we train hundreds of trainees with regular monitoring via workplace-based assessment and 360-degree feedback forms. These are evaluated by the Quality Enhancement Cell in 6 monthly cycles with feedback provided to the trainees, supervisors, and administration. The trainee is also required to log cases and activities with reflections in their logbooks. Each clinical case is also added to their online portal for record and evaluation. These regular formative tools with monitoring and feedback help the trainee assess their weaknesses, supervisors plan their trainee's progress and administration take decisions for improvement. Formative assessments are done at the end of each year comprising of MCQ, SAQ, and OSCE formats. At the end of the program, a comprehensive summative assessment is also conducted to certify competence.Nine years ago, Wasim Jafri14 wrote that “The competency-based model provides an exceptional opportunity for Pakistani postgraduate medical institutes”. We believe that today Rawalpindi Medical University is a pioneer among the medical sector universities in providing this excellent opportunity to its trainees and supports other partnering universities in developing competency-based curricula.
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Deryabina, Galina G., Danila P. Mozhzhukhin, Yuri G. Pamukhin, and Olga N. Potapova. "Features of Teaching Entrepreneurship in Non-core Areas in the Bachelor’s Degree." Journal of Modern Competition 16, no. 1 (85) (February 25, 2022): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2022-16-1-108-125.
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The article deals with the formation of entrepreneurial competencies by students in various educational programs, where entrepreneurial disciplines are not core. Under non-core areas in the framework of this article, we will agree to understand educational programs for undergraduate programs that are aimed at forming specialists in professions other than entrepreneurs, for example, the profiles of “Project Management”, “Finance and Credit”, “Sports Management”, “Event Management”, “Management in the hotel and Restaurant Business”, “Marketing”, “Civil law”, “Economic security” and others. This is a preparation for a specialty other than entrepreneurship, so the entrepreneurship competencies for these programs is a general professional one. Entrepreneurial education seems to be relevant for students in various areas and profiles of undergraduate studies. Entrepreneurship competencies is a general professional competencies for non-core areas, while it is possible to integrate it into the main educational program as a professional one. Students can open their own business in small and medium-sized businesses, initiate intra-company entrepreneurship. For systematic training, it is advisable to introduce a practice module for running your own startup with a connection to the infrastructure for entrepreneurship. This article is devoted to the solution of this problem – building a system for teaching entrepreneurship in non-core areas of bachelor’s degree, focused on the following goals: а) identify and describe competencies in the field of entrepreneurship for students of managerial, economic, in the future and other profiles of higher education; b) present a system of teaching entrepreneurship through a module of adapted academic disciplines from a proven set of courses in entrepreneurial education; c) identify the main topics of the courses included in the module, and the types of necessary training sessions that will allow you to achieve the required level of development of the proposed competencies. In this article, a team of authors who teach courses on entrepreneurship as core disciplines at Synergy University presents a vision and a general outline for building this direction and basic courses for non-core students, which will also be detailed in subsequent publications.
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Brennan, Thomas J., Andrew W. Lo, and Ruixun Zhang. "Variety Is the Spice of Life: Irrational Behavior as Adaptation to Stochastic Environments." Quarterly Journal of Finance 08, no. 03 (August 7, 2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013921850009x.
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The debate between rational models of behavior and their systematic deviations, often referred to as “irrational behavior”, has attracted an enormous amount of research. Here, we reconcile the debate by proposing an evolutionary explanation for irrational behavior. In the context of a simple binary choice model, we show that irrational behaviors are necessary for evolution in stochastic environments. Furthermore, there is an optimal degree of irrationality in the population depending on the degree of environmental randomness. In this process, mutation provides the important link between rational and irrational behaviors, and hence the variety in evolution. Our results yield widespread implications for financial markets, corporate behavior, and disciplines beyond finance.
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Marcos, Esperanza, Valeria De Castro, María-Luz Martín-Peña, and Juan Manuel Vara. "Training New Professionals in Service Engineering: Towards a Transdisciplinary Curriculum for Sustainable Businesses." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 8289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198289.
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The service sector provides employment for more than 70% of the active population in developed countries, in areas as varied as tourism, commerce, logistics, finances, services, and personnel, amongst others. Despite the fact that society increasingly needs more professionals who are oriented towards this sector, there are hardly any specific plans that will provide them with appropriate training. The appearance of service science, management, and engineering (SSME) has led to a significant advance as regards understanding the skills required by a service professional. It is a transdisciplinary field that integrates aspects of business management, along with information and communication technologies and engineering, and social sciences, in addition to providing the foundations for the growth of sustainable business. This paper presents a curriculum for the training of professionals in service engineering, which has been designed and taught at a Spanish public university. This curriculum, which the university created in collaboration with SSME experts and service sector companies, stands out for two reasons: the transdisciplinary approach employed, which is one of the features of this emerging and integrative knowledge discipline, and the fact that it is providing a response to the need for higher education curricula for sustainable business development. The paper describes the method followed to create the curriculum for the Bachelor’s Degree in Service Engineering, a comparative study with other related degrees, and the results of the deployment of the degree in terms of employability.
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Wnorowski, Henryk. "The Problem of Choosing Development Paths." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 59, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2019-0039.
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Abstract We start from the assumption that the main problem, and at the same time the goal, is socio-economic development. We also assume that this pursuit is universal, development is the ambition of entities at all levels of aggregation, development is a desire of each country, as well as of business entities and individuals. From the other side, the governments create conditions for entities at the microeconomic level which generate additional value, that is, contribute to the creation of this development. Peculiar to them they are developmental paths. That’s why, the main hypothesis of this article, as stating that the choice of economic policy financed by excessive public debt does not, in the long run, serve well real socio-economic development. At the beginning of the 21st century, the vast majority of these countries had serious problems with public debt. These problems already had their history and were so serious that some efforts to discipline the forum of this group appeared. It is, in a sense, natural in the sense that integration itself is heading to a high degree of coordination and to the unification of all economic policies. The picture of public finances of the European Union does not look good despite the fact that this group can boast a long history of making efforts to control and monitor the budgets of its member states. Moreover, one can even talk about a certain intensification of this process, especially with respect to the euro area countries, but we still can not say that satisfactory results have been achieved.
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Madsen, Paul E. "Has the Quality of Accounting Education Declined?" Accounting Review 90, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 1115–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50947.
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ABSTRACT For decades, prominent members of the accounting community have argued that the quality of accounting education is falling. Support for this claim is limited because of a scarcity of data characterizing the constructs of interest. This study is a comparative evaluation of the quality of accounting education from the 1970s to the 2000s using unique data to quantify education quality for accounting and many comparison disciplines. I find that, compared to most other types of college education, accounting education quality has been steady or increasing over the sample period. However, relative to other business degree programs, the evidence is mixed. The quality of students self-selecting non-accounting business degrees has increased while the quality of accounting students has not. The disparity in student quality is not reflected in the pay received by accounting graduates, which has remained stable relative to the pay received by graduates with other business degrees, although this result is likely influenced by regulatory changes during the 2000s, including Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX). Together, the evidence suggests that the quality of accounting education has not declined rapidly over the last four decades, but in the competition among business degree programs for high-quality students, accounting has underperformed. Data Availability: Data used in this study are available in the Freshman and Senior Surveys of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles; the IPUMS-USA database, which is compiled and distributed by the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota; the National Survey of College Graduates, which is available from the National Science Foundation; and the General Social Survey, which is maintained by the National Opinion Research Center at The University of Chicago.
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Moon, Jukrin, Farzan Sasangohar, S. Camille Peres, Timothy J. Neville, and Changwon Son. "Modeling Team Cognition in Emergency Response via Naturalistic Observation of Team Interactions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621408.
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Emergency responders work collectively as an ad hoc team to save lives and infrastructures at risk, despite their varying experience, knowledge, cultural backgrounds, and difficult working conditions with high-levels of uncertainty and timepressure. Cognition, in particular, has gained attention as a key construct to consider in collective response efforts in emergency management. Team cognition, however, has not been fully appreciated or adequately addressed in the field of emergency response (Bigley & Roberts, 2001). The interactionist perspective (or interactive team cognition) effectively captures team cognition in heterogeneous and dynamic teams prevalent in the real-world (Cooke & Gorman, 2009; Cooke, Gorman, Myers, & Duran, 2013). Although researchers in the emergency response discipline appreciate the value of viewing team cognition as interaction (Comfort, 2007; Bergeron & Cooren, 2012; Wolbers & Boersma, 2013), an associated empirical or interventional attempt using this perspective remains scarce. Tracing the scarcity of literature back to lack of context-specific theorizing efforts (Moon, Peres, & Sasangohar, 2017), an observation-based, theory-building approach is utilized here to address this gap. The naturalistic observational study presented here is an initial effort to explore team cognition for an incident management team (IMT) as an interactive system. An IMT is an ad hoc team of command-level responders. Interestingly, an IMT is a team of functional sub-teams or sections (i.e., Command, Planning, Operations, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration). Within each sub-team there is also a team of functional units. This naturalistic observational study was conducted at a high-fidelity simulator replicating a generic IMT facility, i.e., the emergency operations training center (EOTC), College Station, TX. Interactions were observed and coded in terms of who initiated the interaction and with whom, which technology was being used, and what was communicated and for what purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical interactionist model of team cognition in emergency response, to inform future interventional attempts to improve team decision-making. To do so, this study views a Plans team as a cognitive system capable of managing information through interdependent, nonlinear, and dynamic interactive behaviors for perceiving (P), diagnosing (D), and adapting (A) to the changes in the status of critical elements (Adapted from Moon et al., 2017). The proposed P·D·A model posits the following three premises: (1) a Plans team is a cognitive system where its team cognition is interactions of team members to complete a cognitive task; (2) team cognition for each of the three sub-teams of a Plans team is tied to the context-specific cognitive tasks of perceiving (P), diagnosing (D), and adapting (A) to the changes in the status of critical elements; and (3) team cognition for a Plans team is manifested as nonlinear, interdependent, and dynamic interactions within and among P, D, and A of the three sub-teams of the Plans team. Preliminary results from a content analysis of transcribed and coded interactions suggest that an Info/Intel unit, a Situation unit, and a Section Chief unit can be hypothesized to be critical contributors of team cognition for a Plans team in terms of P, D, and A, respectively. These hypotheses can be represented with network centrality measures as follows: Hypothesis 1. An Info/Intel unit has high in-degree and out-degree centrality with non-Plans teams. Hypothesis 2. A Situation unit has high betweenness centrality within a Plans team. Hypothesis 3. A Section Chief unit has high in-degree and out-degree centrality within a Plans team, and high betweenness centrality between the Plans team and non-Plans teams. The proposed P·D·A model illustrates the benefits of viewing team cognition as interaction within and among a team of teams, for context-specific tasks of P, D, and A. Most importantly, the model effectively captures the nonlinear, interdependent, and dynamic nature of team cognition as interaction in a multiteam system, or MTS (Marks, DeChurch, Mathieu, Panzer, & Alonso, 2005; Bienefeld & Grote, 2014), embedded in complex socio-technical systems, STS (Vicente, 2002). As the information processing model views an individual as a cognitive system or a human information processing system (Wickens, 1992), the P·D·A model views a team as a cognitive system capable of managing information. The interactionist perspective on team cognition helps the P·D·A model to realize its potential to extend an individual cognition model to a team level. The interactionist perspective is “compatible with the view of human-machine system as a unitary system” (Cooke & Gorman, 2009, p. 28). In addition to the theoretical and practical implications, this study has methodological implications. Measuring interactive team cognition with network-based metrics (currently in progress) will open a new chapter. The need of incorporating a network perspective into team cognition in emergency response is in line with the literature (Wolbers & Boersma, 2013; Steigenberger, 2016). As a future work, the P·D·A model will be further developed with network and content analysis and validated through interviews with Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) involved in Hurricane Harvey.
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Volkov, Alexandr, Yury Rishko, Yury Kostyukhin, Elena Sidorova, Diana Boboshko, Darya Savinova, and Veronika Ershova. "Using Digital Tools to Teach Soft Skill-Oriented Subjects to University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Education Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050335.
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Radical changes in education occurred in 2020 during the pandemic. The need to fully switch to a distance-learning mode required rethinking the approaches to the organization of the learning process. Despite the fact that Russian universities were already using digital learning tools quite extensively at the beginning of the pandemic—those were seen as auxiliary, supporting tools. Within a short period, online learning made it necessary to design educational programs from a digital-technologies viewpoint, as traditional teaching methods had lost some of their functionality in the distance-learning mode. First of all, the changes affected the disciplines focused on the formation of soft skills, such as communication skills, group interaction, and managing people. Another problem of digitalization of all aspects of our lives is the huge amount of readily available information. In this regard, developing the students’ systemic thinking and augmenting their ability to find and properly use information became an important alternative to acquisition of factual knowledge. This article summarizes the experience of the educational process at one of the leading Russian universities, National University of Science and Technology (NUST) “MISIS” during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the analysis of the degree of application of digital tools in online and hybrid learning. In this article, we present the description of methodology approaches to the use of digital tools for soft skill development, using the example of teaching specific disciplines “Systems Thinking and Theory of Constraints” and “Life Cycle of Corporations and Change Management” in the master’s program in Corporate Finance taught at NUST “MISIS”.
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Arnold, Michael A., R. Daniel Lineberger, Tim D. Davis, David W. Reed, and William J. McKinley. "A Survey of North American Horticulture Graduate Programs: Demographics, Policies, Finances, and Metrics." HortTechnology 24, no. 2 (April 2014): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.2.241.
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A comprehensive survey of American and Canadian universities that offer masters, doctoral, or both degrees in horticulture resulted in responses from 27 academic units. Units were surveyed regarding types of degrees offered, admissions policies, demographic characteristics of students, financial assistance provided to students, faculty ranks and salaries, and metrics by which the programs were evaluated by university administration. About 80% of the programs resided in 1862 Morrill Act land-grant institutions (LG) with the remainder housed in other non-land-grant institutions (NLG). Thirty-eight percent of reporting LG programs existed as stand-alone horticulture departments, whereas horticulture programs were combined with other disciplines in the remainder. Admissions criteria were most consistent among LG programs. Participation in distance education programs was low, but growing. Financial support of graduate students was more common in LG programs. Most schools offered some sort of tuition reduction to those students on assistantships/fellowships and offered health insurance options. Payment of fees was rare and the level of stipends provided varied substantially among programs. International student enrollment was greatest at LG programs and had remained steady in recent years. Gender equity was present among graduate students, with nearly equal male and female enrollment. Most graduate students at both LG (63.6%) and NLG (75.0%) programs were non-Hispanic White; although overall minority enrollment had increased but was still not similar in distribution to that of the general U.S. population. Professors (46.7%) and Associate Professors (28.3%) dominated the faculty ranks while Assistant Professors (19.3%) and lecturers/instructors (5.7%) constituted a much smaller portion of the faculty. Faculty salaries varied tremendously among institutions, especially for senior faculty. Female and ethnic minorities were underrepresented in faculty ranks compared with the general U.S. population. Aside from total graduate program enrollment, the relative importance of various evaluation metrics for programs was highly variable among institutions. Data discussed herein should be useful to universities with horticulture graduate programs for peer institution comparisons during program assessments, accreditation reviews, or for strategic planning purposes.
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Vlasov, D. A., P. A. Karasev, and A. V. Sinchukov. "Fractal Theory and Its Financial Applications for Improving the Quality of Professional Training at The Higher School of Economics." Open Education 26, no. 3 (July 13, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2022-3-56-64.
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The article presents the didactic potential of modern fractal theory and its financial applications related to modeling and forecasting of financial performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the main content and methodological features of the disclosure of fractal theory and its financial applications in the practice of professional training of students of economic universities. The results of the analysis of popular science and scientific literature on fractal theory and its applications allowed us to clarify its didactic potential in the system of higher economic education. The use of elements of the technological approach at the Higher School of Economics made it possible to construct the educational process on fractal theory and its financial applications in the form of a system of micro-goals of the basic level, which serves as a guideline for organizing and planning the results of educational and cognitive activity of students of the Bachelor of Economics. Involvement of various techniques and methods of the theory of pedagogical technologies based on the establishment and study of the laws of the educational process as the results of scientific knowledge of the process of human education, as well as financial faculties of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation as the basis of experimental work allowed to identify the attitude of students to fractal theory and its applications, to conduct primary testing of fractal theory as a new element of the content of mathematical training, as well as directions for improving the educational process in applied mathematical disciplines. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of development of students’ competencies in the field of decision-making in conditions of risk and uncertainty, a meaningful choice of methods for studying financial situations that require optimal decisions. A system of micro-goals of the basic level is presented, consisting of thirteen micro-goals and allowing a teacher of mathematical disciplines to design invariant content in the field of fractal theory and its applications for higher economic school. Attention is also focused on the need to update the methodological work of teachers of mathematical disciplines on the design and construction of the educational process. Including the base level set by the system of micro-goals presented in this article, which regulates the educational process in the language of educational and cognitive activity of a student of an economic bachelor’s degree. It is noted that the complex transformations taking place in modern society affect various aspects of social, financial and economic relations, increase the requirements for the methodological, design and technological culture of a teacher of mathematical disciplines. The prospects of the study include the development of criteria for the selection of digital tools to support fractal theory and its financial applications as an element of the content of professional training, as well as the development and subsequent implementation of a program of additional professional education on alternative approaches to decision-making in the financial sector. The content of the article can be useful for the implementation of applied, professional strengthening of the teaching of compulsory mathematical disciplines for students studying in the direction of “Economics” of various directions (Mathematical methods in economics, World Economy, Finance and Credit, etc.), and for the formulation of new academic disciplines of students’ choice, as well as improving the content of programs of additional professional education related to the quantitative justification of decisions.
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Bögenhold, Dieter. "Economics in the Social Science Spectrum: Evolution and Overlap with Different Academic Areas." Atlantic Economic Journal 49, no. 4 (December 2021): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-022-09739-4.
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AbstractCauses for the distinct and growing separation of the academic domains of economics and neighboring fields are ongoing processes of specialization, fragmentation, and evolution. Thanks to the proliferation of publications and knowledge in economics, degrees of specialization have emerged. One of the great paradoxes in economics is the existence of mainstream economics, which is taught to undergraduate students and dominates textbooks, alongside new contributions that enter the arena via other disciplines (e.g., psychology, history, and law). The paper delineates some developments in economics over the last 100 years oscillating between continuity and change. Especially, the interplay between different domains in the social sciences is discussed as fields of tension and cooperation between economics and other disciplines. The message of the article is that economics is not a homogeneous body of being, content, and learning. Economics has a diverse knowledge base on a theoretical and methodological level with different forms of economic capacity, conceptual sensitivity, and methodological rigor. Many different approaches coexist with corresponding camps of authors. A multiplicity of topics and discourses can be observed with an interesting division of economics with one branch focused on mathematics, econometric tools, and applications, and the other branch moving towards increasing social scientification with strong links to psychology, history, philosophy, and sociology. The Oxford credo of politics, philosophy, and economics (PPE) has undergone a revival in this respect.
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Skakov, М., and М. Nurizinova. "The Need to Train a Future Physics Teacher in the Field of Tribology in the Professional Cycle of Disciplines." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 119, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/habarshy.vil.482.
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The article discusses the feasibility of training future physics teachers in the field of tribology in the professional cycle of disciplines. For students of educational programs of physics of higher educational institutions to solve specific problems of theoretical and experimental research, it is proposed to develop tools for visualization and modeling of physical processes of tribology. It is also proposed to develop a special course on the physical foundations of tribology and introduce it into the educational process when studying the relevant sections of the General physics course. As an example, thermodynamic bases of interaction of elements of tribosystems are given in this paper. Given that changes in the thermodynamic and functional characteristics of tribosystems and coatings of materials under the influence of external influences are the subject of research of the scientific center "Engineering of surface and tribology", established at the East Kazakhstan University, the authors consider it appropriate to study the physical foundations of tribology by students of educational programs of physics. It is shown that the center has a research and experimental base corresponding to international standards and highly qualified staffs with academic degrees and titles, specialists in the field of tribology. To achieve this goal, it is very important to have a scientific experimental base and appropriate human resources at the University.
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Liao, Qunfeng, and Bo Ouyang. "Shareholder litigation risk and real earnings management: a causal inference." Review of Accounting and Finance 18, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 557–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-06-2018-0122.
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Purpose The authors study how shareholder litigation risk impacts a firm’s decision of real earnings management (REM). This paper aims to shed light on how shareholder litigation risk impacts REM. The authors further explore how the intensifying effect varies systematically conditioning on the degree of information asymmetry and the strength of internal corporate governance. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors use the 1999 Ninth Circuit Court ruling as a quasi-experiment that reduces shareholder litigation risk to address endogeneity and establish a causal inference. Findings The difference-in-difference tests suggest lower shareholder litigation risk intensifies REM. In other words, higher litigation risk mitigates REM. Cross-sectional test results suggest the negative effect of decreased shareholder litigation is more pronounced when monitoring difficulty is higher, when information environment is more impoverished and when internal corporate governance is weaker. The negative effect is also stronger in firms with higher sensitivity to legal threats. Originality/value Protection of investors’ interest is the focus of corporate governance. Designed as an important corporate governance mechanism, shareholder litigation enables investors to pursue legal actions to recover their losses in the event of corporate misbehaviors. However, whether shareholder litigation is an effective corporate governance tool and beneficial to shareholders and firms is not without controversy. The authors contribute to the debate by providing evidence that supports the argument that shareholder litigation threat significantly disciplines REM, a form of costlier earnings management technique and myopic investment behavior.
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Bekareva, Svetlana Viktorovna, Anna Vladimirovna Getmanova, and Anastasiya Igorevna Ivanova. "Effectiveness of an interactive method in teaching investment literacy: Factors determining the return of beginning investors’ portfolios." Science for Education Today 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2205.08.
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Introduction. The article examines how certain factors influence the efficiency of forming virtual portfolio of financial assets. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors that contribute to the investment return of beginning investors. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study includes Russian and international research articles devoted to enhancing financial and investment literacy on the national level, the role of financial education in successful investments, and the factors of return estimations for various groups of investors, including young people and beginners. The research was carried out at Novosibirsk State University (the Faculty of Economics). Portfolios produced by 396 students majoring in Economics, Management, and IT Business, who completed the ‘Financial Markets and Financial Institutions’ module were analyzed. The portfolios were completed in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The dependent variable in the econometric model was an investment portfolio return. The main factors considered for this research included students' academic performance, academic year, degree programme, age, gender, and financial asset structure of each portfolio. Results. The review of the scholarly literature allowed to identify the following potential return factors: investment literacy, educational background, personal behaviour characteristics, gender, financial market shocks, and economic crises. It was found that portfolio return is determined by the following factors: economic instability influencing financial markets, students’ academic performance in finance disciplines which is closely connected to their investment literacy and personality features revealed in the portfolio structure. However, age, degree programme and gender did not show any significant influence on the project outcome. Conclusions. Identifying the factors of students’ investment portfolio return enabled the authors to determine further development of the financial course with the interactive method in teaching investing literacy. Taking into consideration economic instability factor significance, it is necessary to discuss financial assets characteristics and dynamics during economic crises. In general, investment literacy increase influences the result positively.
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Kalabikhina, Irina E., and Sofia M. Rebrey. "Economics of gender: A bibliometric analysis." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.72689.
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This research aims to identify major fields and structures of economics of gender research based on bibliometric analysis between 1960 and 2020. The analysis of the journals in economics of gender captures major development stages of gender economics. The study of economics of gender is growing rapidly as seen in the increasing number of journals, articles and citations from the 1970s onwards. It grew faster than the pace of economic publications during the 1980–1990s. The economics of gender research disciplines largely replicates economics and can be viewed as part of economics of inequality. But its feminist philosophy and methodology distinguish the economics of gender as a separate branch of economic sciences which furnishes new findings. According to the Scimago and Web of Science databases, more than 90% of articles in economics of gender are published in English (fewer than in the field of economics in general). The structure of the analyzed countries reflects not only the sophistication of national research in economics of gender, but also the degree of their integration into international scientific discourse, including the presence of a language barrier. Gender economists are primarily focused on the problems of developing countries. Advanced economies account for less than a third of all publications.
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Holt, Daniel T., Allison W. Pearson, Jon C. Carr, and Tim Barnett. "Family Firm(s) Outcomes Model: Structuring Financial and Nonfinancial Outcomes Across the Family and Firm." Family Business Review 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486516680930.
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Family firms are distinguished theoretically from nonfamily firms due to their pursuit of unique, family-related aspirations and goals. The pursuit of these aspirations and goals leads many family firms to define success or failure in terms of a broader set of outcomes than nonfamily firms. Despite this, family firm research has generally taken a constricted view of family firm outcomes by concentrating on narrowly defined financial performance as measured by accounting and/or market-based indicators. We contend that this somewhat myopic focus has slowed the field’s development to some degree, by constraining our ability to test its fundamental tenets. To address this, we draw on several disciplines to systematically order family firm outcomes within a family firm(s) outcomes model that encompasses both financial and nonfinancial dimensions. While financial performance is important in research and practice, herein we refer to both financial and nonfinancial outcomes and explain how these outcomes map on the family unit and the family firm. Furthermore, we suggest measures that can be used and explain how the model can be applied when researchers select financial and nonfinancial outcomes important to family members as the family firm’s success or failure is gauged.
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Asandimitra, Nadia, Tony Seno Aji, and Achmad Kautsar. "Financial Behavior of Working Women in Investment Decision-Making." Information Management and Business Review 11, no. 2(I) (July 27, 2019): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v11i2(i).2878.
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The purpose of this study is to measure the level of financial literacy of working women, to describe assets allocation, as well as the time and profit in investment. This research paper is a qualitative study using the descriptive method. Noting the purpose, it is suitable if the qualitative approach was implemented. The respondents are working women with most of them have been married, 16-22 years old on average, have a bachelor degree, and work in the government sector with the majority of the income is more than 4.000.000 rupiahs. Those respondents’ characteristics will influence their choice in doing investment because it is associated with the tolerance of risks. The first form of behavior and preference of investment done by working women is that majority of them have thought about investment plan and most of the respondents think that everyone can get profitable investment if they do financial planning and saving/investment. The second form of behavior is that the majority of respondents are more interested in property investment. The third form of behavior motivating working women in doing investment is themselves, like retirement planning and family security reason. Based on the study, it shows that working women have high financial literacy which is indicated by their discipline in doing the investment of their excess money, thus they have control over their finances and believe to get investment profit they should do financial planning.
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Marx, Johan, and Cecilia Jacoba de Swardt. "Towards a competency-based undergraduate qualification in risk management." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-10-2018-0110.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is first to determine the competencies required of risk managers and second to consider the implications of such competencies in determining modules for inclusion in the curriculum framework of an undergraduate qualification in risk management. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was followed, involving risk management professionals in a focus group and making use of interactive qualitative analysis (IQA). Findings The competencies identified are managerial and risk management knowledge, attributes such as assertiveness and steadfastness and ethical values, as well as people and technical skills. These are explained in greater detail in this paper. Research limitations/implications The unique contribution of the current research was the innovative use of IQA for data collection, the removal of subjectivity and the rigour in analysing and presenting the results. The results provide a starting point for designing a curriculum that will both meet the requirements of the professional body and will equip graduates with the best possible combination of knowledge, attributes, values and skills needed by the risk management profession. The implications for further research include that a comparative IQA study of the competencies of risk managers using academics from the field could be undertaken, as well as a study of the design, benchmarking and validation of a proposed curriculum for an undergraduate degree in risk management. The purpose of this study was not to compile a curriculum for a new BCom (risk management). However, this was beyond the scope of the current study. IQA uses rigour and eliminates the bias of the researcher, and the one limitation of this research lies in the use of a focus group, which resulted in the findings not being generalizable as the case would have been with a representative sample used in the positivist paradigm and using appropriate statistical analysis. However, this study was exploratory and could serve as a valuable starting point for further research in this area to perform a comprehensive curriculum development. Practical implications This study found that constituents of the focus group perceived that the following competencies are required of risk managers, namely, knowledge, skills, attributes and values. These competencies correspond closely with the competencies indicated in the Risk and Insurance Management Society (RIMS) Professional Core Competency Model, except that RIMS subdivides knowledge into three categories, namely, business, organisational and risk management knowledge. Similarly, RIMS distinguishes between management skills and technical skills. The attributes identified by the focus group of this study were similar to those identified by RIMS. However, the focus group emphasised values such as integrity, ethical conduct, respect and accountability. However, unlike RIMS, these were not perceived as one of the five core competencies, but rather as a stand-alone competency in its own right, which risk managers need to be successful. RIMS could consider reviewing its core competencies by allocating three closely related aspects, namely communication, collaboration and consultation to technical skills. Core competencies may be replaced by core values, which are literally at the centre of all the competencies required. Such core values are enhanced by the RIMS Code of Ethics (2019) and significantly contribute to the professionalization of risk management. RIMS could also consider providing guidelines to universities for those competencies that could be taught or learnt, to be included in their curricula and to accredit universities who meet such requirements. Social implications The findings of this study also serve as a starting point for the reintroduction of a BCom (risk management) degree by Unisa. Despite the requirements of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and the Council for Higher Education (CHE), this study demonstrated that a specialised degree in risk management needs to be offered to meet the need expressed by IRMSA for professional risk managers in Southern Africa, and such a degree should ideally be curriculated based on the competencies identified in this article. The implication for public policy is that SAQA and the CHE need to reconsider their rigid stance about the composition of specialised qualifications, and rather set a range of 33-50% for subjects from the field of specialisation that must be included in the curricula of specialised degrees. As indicated by this research, a combination of subjects from different disciplines is required to enhance the competencies and employability of risk management graduates. Originality/value The use of IQA is a novel way of ensuring rigour and objectivity in arriving at the required knowledge, attributes, values and skills of risk managers, and aids in the compilation of a new curriculum for an undergraduate qualification in risk management, thus ensuring the qualification will provide a competency-based qualification that will meet the needs of the profession.
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Guillermina Arenas Montaño and Ramírez Cortes Ariel. "Physical and nutritional activity as an intervention against obesity." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.3.0282.
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Introduction: Obesity and overweight are the most dominant chronic non-communicable pathologies of the century, causing metabolic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension. With WHO data indicating that since 1980 it has more than doubled worldwide, in 2008 1.5 billion adults were overweight, of this number 200 million men were obese and 300 million were obese women. Such is the impact that the WHO declared obesity and overweight as a worldwide epidemic. Objective: To identify the integral health status of university students by means of a clinical history, healthy and unhealthy lifestyles related to nutrition and physical activity. Method: We studied a population of 50 students, 19 males and 31 females, of different degrees of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, with overweight and obesity, and interested in improving their eating habits and lifestyles and are attended in the clinics of the disease prevention program (PROSALUD). Results: There was a statistical reduction in the average BMI and abdominal circumference, but no decrease in the percentage of body fat. Conclusions: Constancy in physical activity is a vital constant in weight reduction, along with diet, however described this in the literature that more time is required with this discipline to obtain statistical significance in the reduction of body fat, it is highly recommended the intervention plan used in the PROSALUD program to attend students with overweight and metabolic problems
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Riecher-Rössler, A. "Working Together for Early Detection of Psychosis." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.006.
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IntroductionIn the last decades psychiatry has taken an important and overdue step which other medical disciplines had taken much earlier, i.e. recognizing the chances of early detection and intervention–first in the field of emerging psychosis, in the meantime also in other fields.ObjectivesTo review new developments in the field of early detection of psychosis and to critically discuss the obstacles still depriving many of our patients of an immediate benefit.MethodsReview and discussion.ResultsNew developments are very promising. Identification of individuals at risk and prediction of transition to psychosis is possible with an excellent accuracy, comparable to other preventive approaches in medicine. And there is growing evidence how this accuracy can even be more improved by using not only clinical assessments but also additional domains such as neurocognition, neurophysiology, or MRI, as well as new methods for analyses such as pattern recognition. Staged intervention according to the degree of risk seems feasible.However, there are still many obstacles to a broad implementation of this new know-how into clinical practice such as lack of communication, political will and finances, or fears, stigma and prejudices.ConclusionsFor the benefit of those concerned - patients and their relatives - a great effort to work together is required from all of us: clinicians, researchers from psychiatry and many other fields, industry, politicians, and last, but not least, patients and their relatives.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Zayas-Cabán, Teresa, Saira Naim Haque, and Nicole Kemper. "Identifying Opportunities for Workflow Automation in Health Care: Lessons Learned from Other Industries." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 03 (May 2021): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731744.
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Abstract Background Workflow automation, which involves identifying sequences of tasks that can be streamlined by using technology and modern computing, offers opportunities to address the United States health care system's challenges with quality, safety, and efficiency. Other industries have successfully implemented workflow automation to address these concerns, and lessons learned from those experiences may inform its application in health care. Objective Our aim was to identify and synthesize (1) current approaches in workflow automation across industries, (2) opportunities for applying workflow automation in health care, and (3) considerations for designing and implementing workflow automation that may be relevant to health care. Methods We conducted a targeted review of peer-reviewed and gray literature on automation approaches. We identified relevant databases and terms to conduct the searches across sources and reviewed abstracts to identify 123 relevant articles across 11 disciplines. Results Workflow automation is used across industries such as finance, manufacturing, and travel to increase efficiency, productivity, and quality. We found automation ranged from low to full automation, and this variation was associated with task and technology characteristics. The level of automation is linked to how well a task is defined, whether a task is repetitive, the degree of human intervention and decision-making required, and the sophistication of available technology. We found that identifying automation goals and assessing whether those goals were reached was critical, and ongoing monitoring and improvement would help to ensure successful automation. Conclusion Use of workflow automation in other industries can inform automating health care workflows by considering the critical role of people, process, and technology in design, testing, implementation, use, and ongoing monitoring of automated workflows. Insights gained from other industries will inform an interdisciplinary effort by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology to outline priorities for advancing health care workflow automation.
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Thomas, Martha Wetterhall, and Samuel B. Hardy. "Communication Instruction in a Mature Institutional Partnership." Business Communication Quarterly 68, no. 2 (June 2005): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1080569905276672.
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Since 1994, the University of South Carolina at Columbia and the Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration) have offered a joint master’s degree in international business. Communication instruction was initially a stable component of the program, with a week-long course at the beginning and a report-writing workshop at the end, followed by individual instruction in preparing deliverables for a consulting field project. Since the field projects were phased out in 2003, students continue to receive the one-week communication course in Vienna; after that, they have voluntary access to individual instruction from the Center for Business Communication at the University of South Carolina and exposure to in-class communication workshops as scheduled by faculty across the business disciplines. Although student feedback is positive, these instructional methods currently lack consistency. To achieve such consistency, a communication center can help to integrate instruction within MBA programs through communication intensive courses, writing studios, or a communication capstone course.
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Massaro, Maurizio, John Dumay, and James Guthrie. "On the shoulders of giants: undertaking a structured literature review in accounting." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 5 (June 20, 2016): 767–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2015-1939.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a method for a structured literature review (SLR). An SLR is a method for examining a corpus of scholarly literature, to develop insights, critical reflections, future research paths and research questions. SLRs are common in scientific disciplines dominated by quantitative approaches, but they can be adapted in accounting studies since quantitative and qualitative approaches are commonly accepted. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review, as a piece of academic writing, must have a logical, planned structure. The authors also argue it requires tests based on qualitative and quantitative methods. Therefore, the authors describe ten steps for developing an SLR. Findings – The SLR method is a way that scholars can stand “on the shoulders of giants” and provide insightful and impactful research that is different to the traditional authorship approaches to literature reviews. Research limitations/implications – Traditional literature reviews can have varied results because of a lack of rigour. SLRs use a process that, through a set of rules, potentially offers less bias and more transparency of the execution and measures and techniques of validation and reliability. Practical implications – SLRs provide an approach that can help academics to discover under-investigated topics and methods, nurturing, therefore, the development of new knowledge areas and research approaches. Originality/value – The paper presents accounting researchers with an opportunity to develop insightful and publishable studies, and also serves as a basis for developing future research agendas in the accounting field. The authors advocate the SLR method especially to higher degree research students and emerging scholars as a way of potentially developing robust and defensible research agendas and questions.
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El-Khishin, Sarah, and Dina Kassab. "Signaling effect of fiscal reforms during political uncertainty: A game theory approach." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 1, special issue (2022): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i1siart7.
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This paper examines how rules and institutions and monetary-fiscal coordination setup impact welfare outcomes during political instability. Our theoretical model extends the analysis of Alesina and Tabellini (1987), Alesina and Gatti (1995), and Ferre and Manzano (2014) to examine the signaling content of the fiscal authority’s decision to engage in a fiscal reform when the policymaker’s preferences are private information. In a two-stage signaling game featuring a central banker, a government, and private agents, we examine the fiscal authority’s decision to engage in a fiscal reform under a Nash game, a cooperative setup, and a model of Stackelberg leadership. Three main results: 1) rules and commitments contribute to decreasing time inconsistency; 2) the more control the fiscal authority has over monetary policy, the more undesirable welfare outcomes, especially during political instability; 3) central bank independence signals fiscal discipline and produces relatively more desired outcomes during times of political uncertainty. Nevertheless, even with low degrees of central bank independence, proper fiscal “rules” produce close outcomes of an independent central bank even under the dominance of a centralized political authority and can secure close welfare gains in terms of inflation and fiscal outcomes. We propose these theoretical findings for empirical examination in emerging countries with prevailing schemes of fiscal dominance and more dependence on discretionary interventions to secure growth rates and financing gaps. Such setups are argued to contribute to lowering welfare outcomes that could be reduced if proper fiscal rules were used as a substitute for low monetary independence.
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J. McCluskey, William, Dzurllkanian Zulkarnain Daud, and Norhaya Kamarudin. "Boosted regression trees." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-06-2013-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply boosted regression trees (BRT) to a heterogeneous data set of residential property drawn from a jurisdiction in Malaysia, with the objective to evaluate its application within the mass appraisal environment in Malaysia. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been applied to real estate mass appraisal with varying degrees of success. Design/methodology/approach – To evaluate the performance of the BRT model two multiple regression analysis (MRA) models have been specified (linear and non-linear). One of the weaknesses of traditional regression is the need to a priori specify the functional form of the model and to ensure that all non-linearities have been accounted for. For a BRT model the algorithm does not require any predetermined model or variable transformations, making the process much simpler. Findings – The results show that the BRT model outperformed the MRA-specified models in terms of the coefficient of dispersion and mean absolute percentage error. While the results are encouraging, BRT models still lack transparency and suffer from the inability to translate variable importance into quantifiable variable effects. Practical implications – This paper presents a useful alternative modelling technique, BRT, for use within the mass appraisal environment in Malaysia. Its advantages include less intensive data cleansing, no requirement to specify the predictive underlying model, ability to utilise categorical variables without the need to transform them and not as data hungry, as for example, MRA. Originality/value – This paper adds to the knowledge in this area by applying a relatively new ML model, BRT to residential property data from a jurisdiction in Malaysia. BRT has shown promise as a strong predictive model when applied in other disciplines; therefore this research empirically tests this finding within real estate valuation.