Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies"
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Goncharova, Lyubov. "Working Program of the Discipline “Marketing Linguistics”." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 10, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2021-10-5-51-57.
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Language tools that implement the marketing model of consumer behavior and ensure the consumer’s purchase decision, have occupied the focal place in linguistic studies. Such studies have led to the formation of a new pragmalinguistic direction – marketing linguistics. This syllabus is designed for 45.04.02 direction of training ("Linguistics"), the orientation (profile) "General and typological linguistics and applications in the field of linguistics" (training level – master's degree, graduate qualification – master's degree).
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 16 (2021): 689–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4875.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background: Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. However, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology: Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution: This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort program for doctoral student outcomes. Findings: There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners: While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendation for Researchers: Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society: Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research: The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused support are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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Atabekova, Anastasia. "Heritage Module within Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies: Didactic Contribution to University Students’ Sustainable Education." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073966.
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This article explores the hypothesis that the concept of heritage is relevant for a university-based degree course in legal translators and interpreters’ training. The research rests on the legal and academic understanding of cultural heritage. The study explores its specifics regarding the English-taught discipline on Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies within the above-mentioned graduate program. The research integrates qualitative tools and statistical instruments, starts with the theoretical consideration of legislative and academic sources, proceeds to the empirical studies of heritage samples, and considers their relevance for the heritage module design within the specified discipline. The experimental design of such a module and its use for the training of students are also part of the present investigation that further explores students’ perceptions of the heritage module under study, with reference to their future career tracks. The study reveals the specifics and components of the heritage framework for the discipline under study and identifies those areas of professional activities for which students consider the heritage module as most useful and relevant. These issues have not been a subject for academic research so far, which contributes to the research relevance and novelty.
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Hauter, Wenonah. "The Role of Anthropology in Grassroots Organizing: A Campaign in Nebraska." Practicing Anthropology 19, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.19.2.3478gx8051g22873.
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The anthropological perspective, defined in the broadest sense, provides both a theoretical basis for understanding human society and affords insights into the human condition. These are useful to any number of professions. As a public interest advocate with almost two decades of experience organizing around social justice and environmental issues, I am interested in the discipline not as a researcher, applied or otherwise, but as a tool for understanding and promoting progressive social change through grassroots organizing. My pursuit of a master's degree in applied anthropology, rather than the more conventional degree in public policy chosen by many advocates, was spurred by a desire to understand better how human culture is organized and reproduced. I wanted to glean a deeper understanding of the cultural preconditions for progressive movements that ultimately cause social change. To this end, over the past two years, I have integrated my professional work experiences with the anthropological perspective garnered from my graduate studies. The best example of this convergence is a statewide legislative campaign that I spearheaded in Nebraska. By wearing my "anthropological lenses" I have been able to view organizing from a new vantage point and to design more effectively a majority strategy for mobilizing citizens around environmental issues. The Nebraska campaign that I will discuss in this article is a compelling example of why anthropology should be viewed as a discipline that can provide an intellectual bedrock for other professions. By redefining and expanding the role for anthropology outside academia, the discipline is strengthened and its relevancy assured. This essay is a reflection on how anthropology has enriched and changed my work as an organizer and is a testimonial to its relevancy in our modern world.
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Levack Drever, John. "Soundscape composition: the convergence of ethnography and acousmatic music." Organised Sound 7, no. 1 (April 2002): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771802001048.
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Despite roots in acoustic ecology and soundscape studies, the practice and study of soundscape composition is often grouped with, or has grown out of the acousmatic music tradition. This can be observed in the positioning of soundscape compositions juxtaposed with acousmatic music compositions in concert programmes, CD compilations and university syllabuses. Not only does this positioning inform how soundscape composition is listened to, but also how it is produced, sonically and philosophically. If the making and presenting of representations of environmental sound is of fundamental concern to the soundscape artist, then it must be addressed. As this methodological issue is outside of previous musical concerns, to this degree, we must look to other disciplines that are primarily engaged with the making of representation, and that have thoroughly questioned what it is to make and present representations in the world today. One such discipline is ethnography. After briefly charting the genesis of soundscape composition and its underlying principles and motivations, the rest of the paper will present and develop one perspective, that of considering soundscape composition as ethnography.
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Zhu, Feng. "An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Local Officials’ Characteristics on Environmental Governance Performance." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102079.
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This paper uses China’s 2010-2018 city-level panel data and the annual average PM2.5 concentration data processed by ArcGIS software and uses the LASSO regression model to empirically analyze the impact of local officials’ characteristics environmental governance performance. The results show that younger officials, municipal party committee secretaries who graduated from ordinary colleges and universities, municipal party committee secretaries who have been vacated, and general mayors are more conducive to environmental governance; those who have worked in state-owned enterprises, are older, have studied The secretary of the municipal party committee and a mayor who is promoted from the grassroots in economics and management, the secretary of the municipal party committee with a bachelor’s degree, the mayor who has a graduate degree, the mayor who has committed corruption and discipline, and the mayors who graduated from the party school are not conducive to the jurisdiction Environmental governance. The research results of this article help to understand the role of individual differences in local officials in environmental governance, and can also provide reference suggestions for cadres and personnel reform.
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Solovieva, Vera Valentinovna, Aleksandr Alekseevich Semenov, and Andrey Stepanovich Yaitsky. "Environmental education of students by means of hydrobotany." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981315.
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Currently, environmental education is considered as a key principle of sustainable development of society and nature. It represents the uniform continuous educational process directed on development of a system of ecological knowledge, abilities, skills, valuable installations, experience of activity and competence of the careful attitude to environment and rational nature management. Hydrobotany has great opportunities in terms of environmental education of students. We consider hydrobotanics to be the science of aquatic plants, their communities, processes of overgrowing of ponds and streams. It studies the features of external and internal water macrophytes structure, their life processes, the relationship between them and the environment, diversity, distribution, introduction, role in nature and human life (outecology); composition and structure of aquatic phytocenoses, their production and destruction, as well as the processes of formation of aquatic vegetation and its dynamics (synecology). Hydrobotany has its purpose and objectives, object, subject and methods of research, open laws, special conceptual apparatus, history of development. It occupies a certain place in the system of sciences. In Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education Hydrobotany is included in the curriculum of the main professional educational programs of the bachelors degree Pedagogical education (majors Biology and Geography, Biology and Chemistry, Biology) as a discipline for students choice. We have developed a model of environmental education of students in the process of teaching Hydrobotany. It consists of four components: targeted, substantive, procedural, monitoring and evaluation. The target component-includes the purpose and objectives of the discipline Hydrobotany in the field of environmental education of students. Content component-covers the system of environmental knowledge on Hydrobotany; skills and experience of activities on the ecology of aquatic plants; value systems for aquatic plants and their communities; special competence of aquatic plants ecology study, their protection, careful and rational use. Procedural component-contains forms, methods, tools and technologies of environmental education. Control and evaluation component includes educational results; forms, types and methods of control, as well as a system of evaluation of individual achievements of students.
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Tapfuma, Musawenkosi, Oliver Chikuta, Felicity N. Ncube, Rudorwashe Baipai, Precious Mazhande, and Vitalis Basera. "GRADUATES’ PERCEPTION OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY DEGREE PROGRAM RELEVANCE TO CAREER ATTAINMENT: A CASE OF GRADUATES FROM THREE STATE UNIVERSITIES IN ZIMBABWE." JOURNAL OF TOURISM, CULINARY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (JTCE) 1, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/jtce.v1i2.2185.
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The process of making career choices is complex since there are diverse factors affecting students’selection of programs when they enrol in higher and tertiary institutions. Just like in any other discipline,tourism and hospitality management graduates are affected by various factors when deciding theircareers post-graduation. Preliminary studies have shown that a significant percentage of tourism andhospitality graduates divert from tourism to some other, sometimes totally unrelated, industries foremployment. This study seeks to discover tourism and hospitality degree graduates’ perceptions andcareer attainment in Zimbabwe. The following critical questions were asked in order to achieve theobjective of the study; Why do they enrol for the tourism/hospitality program in the first place, that iswhat factors affect the students’ selection process of tertiary education programs? and why do someend up in totally different fields after graduating? Qualitative research approach was adopted in orderto understand the graduates’ perceptions, data was collected by the way of interviews. Data wasanalysed using the thematic approach. Findings revealed that while most of the graduates are employedin the tourism and hospitality industry in Zimbabwe, they are not satisfied with their jobs. Some feel thatthey studied tourism/hospitality as a last resort hence they do not have satisfaction while others areonly in the industry because they do not have an option. Poor working conditions and poor remuneration were also cited as causes of dissatisfaction. There are however a significant number who do not regrettheir career choice.
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Gladkov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich, and Olga Gladkova. "New directions of biology and biotechnology in urban environmental sciences." Chemical Industry 75, no. 6 (2021): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind211230034g.
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Living organisms and biological methods are widely used in recycling urban waste and improving the quality of the urban environment. Urban biology is a branch of biology that studies organisms living in cities. We propose using the new term "urban biotechnology". Urban biotechnology is the use of biotechnological methods to protect the urban environment and in urban energy. Urban biotechnology in the future may be included in the curriculum of the Master's degree programs "Biotechnology", "Ecology " (profile "Applied Ecology"), "Chemistry" (profile " ?hemistry of the urban environment "), and Chemical Engineering (profile "Chemical and Biochemical Engineering "). We consider it important to train specialists in the fields of urban biology and urban biotechnology. We hope that urban biotechnology and urban biology will become independent disciplines in the future.
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TUNSKA, Marija-Bogena, Zinoviya SHPYRKA, and Larysa KOVALCHUK. "FORMING A HEALTH CULTURE OF MASTER'S DEGREE STUDENTS WHILE STUDYING CHEMICAL DISCIPLINES." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2022, no. 70 (September 30, 2022): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2022.70.188.
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The issue of forming the health culture of master's degree students of the Faculty of Chemistry during the study of chemical disciplines is considered. The main reasons for studying the formation of students’ health culture as a pedagogical problem are outlined. Theoretical and methodological aspects of forming the foundations of students’ health culture in higher education institutions are analyzed. Criteria, basic principles and conditions of formation of bases of culture of health of students, ways of their realization in educational process are proved. The study defines the culture of students’ health as a component of general and professional culture, which includes values of health, knowledge of one's own body, skillful and rational use of its capabilities, environmental awareness, demonstrates student readiness for a healthy lifestyle, desire for self-knowledge. self-preservation, development and self-improvement, successful self-realization in personal life and professional activity, etc. The formation of a culture of students’ health as nurturing in student youth such personal and professional qualities that contribute to maintaining and strengthening health through the achievement of sustainable ideas about health as the highest value, increase motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle, increase responsibility for their health and the health of others, encourage the constant growth of professional competence by updating health-preserving knowledge. The results of experimental research are given. An anonymous survey was conducted among master’s degree students of the Faculty of Chemistry (39 people), its results were analyzed and summarized. The survey showed that 100 % of respondents understand the importance of maintaining their own health. In particular, 48.7 % of respondents follow the rules of nutrition, 46.2 % properly organize training and recreation, 43.6 % of students regularly play sports and follow a daily routine. At the same time, 20.5 % of students do nothing to maintain their health. Students' self-assessment of the level of formation of their health culture showed a significant increase in this indicator during studies at the Faculty of Chemistry (manifestation of sufficient and high levels in students of I and II–IV courses, master's degree was 48.7 %; 74.3 %; 82.1 %).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies"
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Lyddy, Christopher (Christopher James). "Environmental leadership : the discipline of green champions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42267.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-88).
Modern society's inertia is driving it towards an ever-expanding environmental footprint, a course that if unchecked will produce calamitous environmental outcomes. Avoiding this future requires increasing capacity for deep and durable change in society. Since existing approaches - e.g., science, education, policy, market incentives - have been unsuccessful at achieving this level of change, a key ingredient is apparently missing. Environmental leadership, which I define as the capacity of a human community to improve its future connection with and impact upon the environment, can be that catalyst of a more sustainable society. This thesis explores how to increase environmental leadership capacity by revealing effective environmental leadership strategy. Given pragmatic concerns with the limited power possessed by environmentalists, the inherently unstable nature of gains made through power, and unlikelihood of achieving deeper transformations through coercion, I explore leadership strategy for creating change beyond the extent of its authority and without imposing the government's coercive power. I had presumed three existing veins within leadership literature - Interpersonal Influence, Capacity-Building, and Contextual Design - would adequately explain environmental leadership strategy, with Interpersonal Influence being the primary mechanism. While leaders indeed acted in all three styles, Contextual Design instead emerged as a surprisingly key route to influence. Analysis of interviews with 32 environmental leaders revealed an important, previously underreported aspect to leadership actions. Leaders routinely amplified and institutionalized their leadership influence by designing and creating durable structures achieving four purposes - Supplying, Community-Building, Integrating, and Mirroring.
(cont.) All three leadership approaches both supported and were supported by structures, which could function as supportive tools or standalone allies. I speculate that structures were effective because of both their durability and their more subtle and tangible influence on behavior, an alternative to the prediction of appeals to abstract thoughts and values. Extensive additional work exploring environmental leadership remains, and I offer some questions to guide additional research. I conclude with initial perspectives on how the notion of designer-leaders informs strategic thinking about environmental change.
by Christopher Lyddy.
M.C.P.
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Ludington, Timothy Shane Ludington. "The degree of impairment of foraging in crayfish (Orconectes virilis) due to insecticide exposure is dependent upon turbulence dispersion." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1466173210.
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Smith, Kevin William Jr. "African-American Male Perceptions on Public Schooling after Discipline: A Contextual Portrait from the Inner City." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2019. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/802.
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Literature shows that one of the major issues affecting the achievement of inner-city African- American male students in public-schools is the ineffectiveness of disciplinary procedures. These studies have shown a direct positive relationship between student behavioral problems and academic failure. This study was an attempt at answering Noguera’s (2008) call for understanding more fully how African-American males come to perceive schooling, in particular their discipline experiences, and how environmental and cultural forces impact this perception of their behavior and performance in school. This was a qualitative study that heard the stories of inner-city African-American male students who were pushed out of public-schools through disciplinary measures. This study was based on racial components that fit directly into the structure of Critical Race Theory (CRT). The qualitative research method of portraiture was used to answer this study’s research question because it was relative to the problems that African- American male students face in their inner-city schooling experiences. The participants in this study were at least eighteen years old, African American, and pushed out of an inner-city public high school based on disciplinary consequences. Each participant shared environmental, cultural, and schooling experiences through a series of three interviews. The study found that environmental and cultural forces had a negative affect on the ways that these African-American males perceived their experiences in public-schools. The study concluded that these young men found success in private-continuation-schools, and that educators and policy makers should consider implementing the practices of these alternative schools in U.S. public-schools.
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Nakabiito, Suzan, and Deka Udechukwu. "Factors influencing the degree of disclosure in sustainability reporting : A study of Swedish companies using the GRI reporting guidelines." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10648.
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Background: Companies today are under increasing pressure from their stakeholders to become more and more transparent regarding the way they deal with the impact on the environment and the communities where they operate in. This type of information is mainly provided by means of sustainability reports. Several guidelines have been developed to aid report makers on the way. Currently however these sustainability reports still differ widely in the quantity of information provided which makes them difficult to compare and it is therefore important to understand the factors that can influence the amount of information being published.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors having an impact on the amount of sustainability information published by Swedish companies using the guidelines developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
Method: Telephone interviews were conducted with eleven of the twenty-three Swedish companies listed in the GRI register in order to get their point of view regarding these factors.
Results: The study identified that the willingness to communicate with more than one stakeholder group is the most important factor that can influence the amount of information disclosed in sustainability reports. The authors also argue that a proactive attitude towards identifying legitimation strategies instead of an adaptive approach can also influence the degree of disclosure. Finally, a positive attitude towards the GRI guidelines may also contribute to producing a more detailed report.
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Paton, Kathryn Louise. "At home or abroad : Tuvaluans shaping a Tuvaluan future : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies /." ResearchArchive @Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/957.
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Madgeskind, Sharon Mary. "Motivation for change in the discipline of children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1333.
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Since becoming the first English speaking country to legislate against the physical discipline of children in 2007, there has been much debate in New Zealand for and against the parental practice of smacking. For some it has meant a welcome amendment to legislation that protects the human rights of children, for others it raises fears that parents can be criminalised for smacking their children and that the rights of parents to discipline their child, as they see fit, are being eroded. Working for an organisation that fully supports the Amendment to Section 59 of the Crimes Act, 1961 and that promotes the human rights of children; the motivating factors that encourage a parent to stop the practice of physically disciplining their child became of interest to the researcher for this thesis. Ten participants, who had used physical discipline and who had made a decision to stop the practice, were recruited to take part in a qualitative study. The data collected was analysed through a thematic analysis process using five motivational contexts found in previous research on the topic. The five contexts were experiential, relational, biographical, regulatory and ideological (Davis, 1999). The findings of the research for this thesis concur with the previous research and add further information about the motivating factors. The findings also identify the strategies that parents have found useful to achieve success in their endeavour to change their disciplinary practice. Furthermore the importance of and the distinction between the human rights of the child and parental rights have been highlighted.
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Chapman, David James. "Education for the environment : towards teacher empowerment : a thesis submitted as fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, November 2004, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1638.
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The work of this thesis involves an exploration of teachers' practice in environmental education in New Zealand schools, conducted between 1999 and 2002. Some new theorising is conducted in response to the problems faced by teachers. This seeks to reconceptualise the way we think about environmental education in schools. The purpose of this is to provide a theoretical framework that assists teachers to rethink their practice and, as a result, be empowered to act for the environment. The thesis begins by providing a general background to the field of environmental education and by setting this in the socio-political context of New Zealand from the early 1980s until the present. The research process is described, and theorised using Problem-Based Methodology. The work then proceeds to report on the research with teachers in schools that occurred in a number of phases. It emerges that environmental education occurred in only a minority of cases. School contexts and educational structures appeared to place major barriers in the path of teacher innovation and these seem to increase with school size. Teachers that do begin sound practice appear to have strong values and a theoretical background that informs their work. In response to the complex barriers to improved environmental education practice, Problem-Based Methodology is suggested to provide an inadequate platform for addressing the issues because it is restricted to addressing micro level problems in schools. Drawing on the philosophy of critical realism that proposes three levels of reality, a Critical Problem-Based Methodology is proposed. This involves three loops of critical reflection. To support this an issues matrix that contains a sociological analysis of schooling and draws heavily on curriculum theory is developed. A reconsideration of the environmental education literature is then undertaken in the light of these proposals. The thrust of the thesis is that environmental education lacks a substantive engagement with sociology or curriculum theory and the proposals here seek to address that. It is proposed that triple loop reflection assists a better description of the problems of poor progress in the field. It is argued that many educators have a faith in schooling that is not justified by evidence and have failed to engage at a political level. It is concluded that unless engagement occurs at the three levels proposed in this thesis, and a deeper engagement with educational theory supports this, things are unlikely to change.
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Walton, Julie K. "Neospora caninum : studies toward isolation in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1089.
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Background: Neospora caninum is a parasite that causes disease, largely in cattle and dogs. It is a disease of significant interest within New Zealand due to its association with bovine abortion. The economic impact of bovine abortion justifies the development of a bovine vaccine against N. caninum. Aim: To develop and optimise diagnostic procedures for the detection of Neospora from a variety of blood and tissue samples and to isolate a New Zealand strain of Neospora caninum. Methods: A local strain of Toxoplasma gondii and an imported Neospora caninum strain, Nc-Liverpool, were used to optimise tachyzoite growing conditions in bovine endothelial (BE) cells and Vero host cell cultures. A serum study using 112 tissue culture flasks was performed to determine whether foetal bovine serum or horse serum supplemented media provided the optimal growing conditions for Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were also used to determine the optimal growth period between passage, and harvest for cryopreservation and cryopreservation conditions. Percoll gradients were also tested using Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. A known Neospora positive canine sample and murine tissues infected with Toxoplasma, were used during the development of the immunohistochemical diagnostic technique. Antibody concentrations and incubation temperatures were tested to reduce cross-reactivity and increase specific stain intensity. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of all tissue samples used for N. caninum isolation and experimentally infected murine tissue. Several PCR techniques were developed, the final PCR used being a combination of the different techniques, which produced a 250kb band. PCR-3 used the NF6/GA1 primer combination for Neospora detection and TF6/GA1 for Toxoplasma detection, additional Mg2+ and an annealing temperature of 55°C were required. Whole tissue was processed via DNA elution whereas cell culture and Percoll purified tachyzoites were used following crude lysis techniques. All bovine and canine tissues used for parasite isolation as well as all experimentally infected mouse tissues were tested for N. caninum using PCR. An immunoblot technique was developed for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in murine blood samples. Lysed Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were used as antigen with varied results. The primary and secondary antibodies were commercially available and used at concentrations of 1:1,000 and 1:25,000 respectively. BALB/c and CF1 mice were experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Nc-Liverpool. Forty female BALB/c and 40 female CF1 mice were used in 2 studies to determine the optimal Nc-Liverpool inoculation dose and immunosuppression requirements. Mice were immunosuppressed with 2.5mg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and Nc-Liverpool inoculation ranged from 1.3x106 to 5x103 tachyzoites. Upon death, the brain and blood was harvested from the mouse carcases. Attempts were made to isolate a New Zealand strain of N. caninum from bovine and canine central nervous system (CNS) tissue, and to maintain the parasites in cell culture and by small animal passage, in order to attenuate the parasite strain for use as a live large animal vaccine. Twenty one bovine tissue samples were used for N. caninum isolation attempts, 18 of which were positive for Neospora antibodies using a commercial IFAT. Isolation tissues were purified using a 30% Percoll gradient and inoculated onto 8 cell culture flasks and into 8 immunosuppressed mice (BALB/c and CF1). Results: Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were found to be viable when grown at 37°C in antibiotic-MEM supplemented with either FBS or ES and grew optimally in FBS despite Neospora antibodies being detected using an IFAT. Passaging cultures at approx. 4 day intervals resulted in the greatest parasite growth. However, cryopreserved parasites should be harvested 2 days post inoculation (PI) for optimal viability. Viable parasites could be isolated using a 30% Percoll gradient and centrifuged at 2,700 x g (3,400 rpm) in a bucket centrifuge for 10 minutes. Tissue cysts could be detected using immunohistochemistry but some degree of cross reaction remained despite optimisation. Cysts were not found in tissues used for isolation attempts or in mouse brains following inoculation with Nc-Liverpool, however cysts were commonly found in mice experimentally infected with T. gondii tachyzoites. PCR-3 was successfully used to detect N. caninum and T. gondii infected tissue and tachyzoites from tissue culture. PCR-3 could detect N. caninum DNA in the brain tissue of 9/24 mice experimentally infected with Nc-Liverpool, even though most mice were culled within 1 week. Although production of N. caninum antigen was only moderately successful, N. caninum antibody detection in mouse blood using one specific antigen batch was reliable and specific. The immunoblot could only detect N. caninum antibody approximately 14 days PI, but was sensitive enough to detect 100% of mice experimentally infected with Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. PCR-3 strongly correlated with the immunoblot results from 14 days PI. BALB/c mice were found to be far more sensitive to Nc-Liverpool than CF1 mice and developed severe disease at concentrations of approximately 1x106 Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. Neither BALB/c nor CF1 mice developed peritoneal exudate, irrespective of the parasite inoculation concentration. Despite Neospora DNA being present in the brains of experimentally infected mice, re-isolation and continuous parasite passage from the brains could not be achieved. No mice experimentally infected with either Nc-Liverpool or isolation attempts were found to have brain cysts when tested using immunohistochemistry. Only 1 mouse inoculated with bovine isolation material was found to have a Neospora positive PCR. Through the detection of DNA, antigens and antibodies, parasites were determined to have been present in 10 of the 18 IFAT positive bovine isolation samples, indicating that 55% of calves born to seropositive dams were infected with N. caninum. However, despite numerous attempts to isolate Neospora parasites from naturally infected canine and bovine tissue and culturing using the optimised Nc-Liverpool technique, maintenance of a live culture of a New Zealand strain of N. caninum could not be established. Conclusions: Findings from this study could be used to assist in the maintenance of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii parasite strains and for detection or diagnosis of these parasites in host tissues.
Books on the topic "Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies"
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Nosov, Richard. Environmental themes as reflected in Ontario public school geography curricula and textbooks, 1780-1993: A major paper submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Environmental Studies. North York, Ont: York University, 1993.
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Abdali, Fatima Khudayer. Studies on the photolytic behavior of dibenzothiophene in crude oil/water systems: A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental Health Sciences) in the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1991.
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Office, General Accounting. Inspectors general: Mandated studies to review costly bank and thrift failures : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
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Office, General Accounting. Inspectors General: Mandated studies to review costly bank and thrift failures : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.
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The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy.
Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented.
The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered.
It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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Serebryakov, Andrey. Ecological geology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971374.
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The textbook describes complex natural, geological, geographical, hydrogeological and lithological studies based on modern geological and ecological theories and forming the basis of environmental science.
The theoretical views on the ecology of the geological environment are expanded. The tasks of ecological geology and geography, as well as ecological hydrogeology and ecological lithology are substantiated. Attention is paid to the history of geoecological research in the development of new territories. The influence of the tectonic formation of geological structures on the ecological situation of the Earth's lithosphere is studied. The ecological zoning of the lithosphere and hydrosphere is given. The ecological characteristics of sedimentary deposits, which are associated with minerals of important industrial and environmental importance, are given. The ecological properties of various types of mineral raw materials for their application in industry are considered.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for bachelors studying the discipline "Ecological Geology" and Earth sciences, and will also be of interest to environmental specialists in the design and operation of industrial facilities, structures and deposits of natural raw materials.
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Saha, Pijushkanti. Environmental Studies ; For Undergraduate Degree Students. Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2002.
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Majid Cooke, Fadzilah, Ejria Saleh, and Lee Hock Ann, eds. Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in Sabah. UMS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/fisheriesandaquacultureumspress2017-978-967-0521-85-5.
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Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in Sabah: implications for Society, Culture and Ecology builds on a trend in studies of social change of taking the environment seriously. Coming from the disciplines of sociology, economics and marine science the authors deal with issues of sustainability in economic, social and ecological terms. The overall political ecology approach of the book diversifies into sub themes as the chapters engage with frameworks on the ecological limits of economic development, entitlements and well-being, participatory development, gender and knowledge production, science and citizenship as well as the symbolic and material value of national and international borders. Ecological aquaculture introduces new livelihood opportunities as well as losses. And it has a degree of ecological costs depending on environmental conditions and power relations that affect local production. We argue in this book that social and environmental justice issues are connected so that effective solutions to environmental problems can only be devised if the social justice issues are paid attention to. This general thrust in placing centre stage social and environmental justice issues is not unique to Sabah since these are issues experienced by developing countries similarly positioned in their dependence on natural resources for economic development. Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in Sabah: implications for Society, Culture and Ecology should, therefore, be of interest to development practitioners (those involved in management and policy implementation) and researchers alike. For managers and policy implementers, the book confirms how, implementation at the local level are not smooth but are in fact, unruly practices. For researchers, the book provides an example of viewing social and environmental justice issues together.
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Johnston, Ron. Geography and International Studies: The Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.199.
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The discipline of geography is built around four key concepts—environment, place, space, and scale—that form a matrix for exploring and appreciating many aspects of contemporary society. The environment is the ultimate source of human sustenance; people have created places to realize that potential; and a spatial structure—nodes, routes, surfaces and bounded territories—has been erected within which human interactions are organised.The relationships between human societies and their environments—now very much changed from their pre-human “natural” state—involve competition for and conflicts over resources, of increasing intensity. Resolution of all but the smallest scale of those conflicts requires a body that is independent of the actors involved and can ensure that agreements are reached and then implemented. Such a body is the state, a territorially bounded apparatus that, through the operation of territoriality strategies, can ensure conflict resolution among its citizenry and thereby resolve environmental problems.Many of those problems—the most severe being global climate change resulting from anthropomorphically induced global warming—are not contained, and cannot be contained, within an individual state’s territory, however. Tackling them requires inter-state co-operation, at a global scale, but the absence of a super-national body with the power to require actions by individual states is a major constraint to problem resolution.
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Lokshyna, Olena, Oksana Glushko, Alina Dzhurylo, Svitlana Kravchenko, Nina Nikolska, Marija Tymenko, and Oksana Shparyk. The state and trends in the development of school education in the EU, USA and China: a textbook. Institute of Pedagogy of NAES of Ukraine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32405/978-617-8124-19-9-2021-143.
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The publication contains materials of the training course “and trends in the development of school education in the EU, USA and China” for educational use in the process of training of applicants for the degree of “Doctor of Philosophy” in the specialties 011 “Educational, Pedagogical Sciences”, 013 “Primary Education”, 014 “Secondary education” (by subject specializations). The mastering of the course involves the formation of holistic comparative and pedagogical competence of a researcher - a qualified specialist who has a high level of readiness for professional activity in the field of comparative education studies. In the manual the purpose and objectives of the course are defined, a description of the study discipline done (Appendix A), thematic information, dictionary of foreign terms and concepts are provided (Appendix B).
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies"
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Longstaffe, Stephen. "Employability and the English Literature Degree." In English Studies: The State of the Discipline, Past, Present, and Future, 83–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137478054_7.
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Minguez, Rikardo, Erlantz Lizundia, Maider Iturrondobeitia, Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki, and Estibaliz Saez-de-Camara. "Education in Circular Economy: Focusing on Life Cycle Thinking at the University of the Basque Country." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 360–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_57.
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AbstractSince 2002, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) has supported several teaching experiences related to the so-called Life Cycle Thinking or Ecodesign in collaboration with local Institutions. The kick off was the Ecodesign Learning Center aiming to promote environmental education at the Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao. In this framework, the last effort has been the implementation of a Master’s Degree entitled Circular Economy: Business Application. This course has been successfully implemented in the 2019–2020 academic year and has been specifically designed to provide training in circular economy for people with backgrounds as varied as product manufacturing engineering, environmental engineering or economics. These studies are aimed to become a European reference in its goal of promoting circular economy, life cycle thinking, ecodesign and sustainable development. This paper analyzes the learning issues and characteristics of this Master's degree placing a special emphasis on its novel competencies and learning outcomes for our society. It can be concluded that the Master's degree is a pioneering teaching experience, being the forefront of Circular Economy Education in Southwestern Europe.
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Han, Jinghe. "Pragmatic Transfer: Reflecting on the Use of EMI Lecturers’ Pragmatic Markers." In SpringerBriefs in Education, 83–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19904-2_6.
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AbstractAcknowledging the critical nature of EMI lecturers as bi- or multilinguals, this Chapter continues the investigation into cross-linguistic influence now turning attention to its pragmatic features. It focuses on the Chinese lecturers’ metalinguistic skills, particularly the L1 (Chinese) to L2 (English) transfer in their use of pragmatic markers (PMs). The investigation is informed by current studies arguing that highly proficient L2 language users do not necessarily make the most effective teachers, and the capacity to employ pragmatic strategies is essential to engage students’ learning; and that from amongst all the competencies in which lecturers should be proficient, one of the most essential is pragmatic competence. This Chapter provides an analysis of the participating EMI lecturers’ verbal characteristics of the PMs they implemented in their teaching. Whilst acknowledging individual differences, the trend of PM use and the degree of pragmatic transfer revealed in this group’s EMI teaching can be explained in terms of their pedagogical ideologies and subsequent practice, culturally influenced teacher-student relationships, the EMI discipline and its relevant subject matter and the lecturers’ language cognition as L2 users.
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Van Praag, Lore, Loubna Ou-Salah, Elodie Hut, and Caroline Zickgraf. "How Environmental Changes Result in Migration Aspirations and Other Adaptation Strategies of Moroccan Inhabitants and Migrants in Belgium." In IMISCOE Research Series, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61390-7_9.
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AbstractThis book provides a unique approach to the Moroccan context. Many researchers have conducted fieldwork in Morocco, departing from migration studies (e.g., De Haas 2003, 2006, 2010; Czaika and De Haas 2011; De Haas and El Ghanjou 2000), while others solely focused on environmental and climate changes (e.g., Schilling et al. 2012), leaving the interplay between both to be explored more in-depth. The Moroccan context offers a unique research context because it is confronted with gradual environmental change over the last decades and has initiated considerable action at the national level to develop policies or strategies to counteract these changes. Hence, Morocco in 2019 ranked among the leading countries in the fight against climate change on the Climate Change Performance Index (Burck et al. 2019). Furthermore, Morocco evolved into one of the world’s leading emigration countries in the second half of the twentieth century, being characterized by unexpected developments, including colonial migration, labour migration, family reunification, and, recently, undocumented migration. This led to a high degree of internal differentiation within the Moroccan migrant population and strong and influential migrant networks (De Haas 2007; Schilling et al. 2012; cf. Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-61390-7_3).
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Holt-Jensen, Arild. "Synthesis of Physical and Human Geography: Necessary and Impossible?" In Socio-Spatial Theory in Nordic Geography, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04234-8_5.
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AbstractThroughout its recorded history, the aims of geography have shifted between synthesis and specialized systematic studies. Cosmography, as understood by Alexander von Humboldt and others, presented an ambitious synthesis of climate, topography, biogeography, settlement and human life. Explorations financed by geographical societies gradually led to growth of specialized disciplines, particularly in natural sciences. This broad activity was regarded as geography by the general public and those that established geography chairs 1870–1910. The first professors adhered to synthesis of human and physical geography and found relevant research themes. Initially geography was dominated by environmental determinism, possibilism and a focus on regional geography through synthesis. Gradually specialized research in systematic branches led to a nomothetic shift to spatial science, inspiring models in both human and physical geography. Synthesis of physical and human geography remained an aim within spatial science but provided few integrating research exemplars. Synthesis of physical and human geo-factors was fundamental for the first professors and was seen as a goal for many geographers in the following generations, but has been difficult to attain in research projects. However, present global changes give our discipline new relevance for research on global sustainability.
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Kuo, Ming, Michael Barnes, and Cathy Jordan. "Do Experiences with Nature Promote Learning? Converging Evidence of a Cause-And-Effect Relationship." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 47–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_3.
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AbstractDo experiences with nature—from wilderness backpacking, to plants in a preschool, to a wetland lesson on frogs, promote learning? Until recently, claims outstripped evidence on this question. But the field has matured, not only substantiating previously unwarranted claims but also deepening our understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between nature and learning. Hundreds of studies now bear on this question, and converging evidence strongly suggests that experiences of nature boost academic learning, personal development, and environmental stewardship. This brief integrative review summarizes recent advances and the current state of our understanding. The research on personal development and environmental stewardship is compelling although not quantitative. Report after report—from independent observers as well as participants themselves—indicate shifts in perseverance, problem solving, critical thinking, leadership, teamwork, and resilience after time in nature. Similarly, over fifty studies point to nature playing a key role in the development of pro-environmental behavior, particularly by fostering an emotional connection to nature. In academic contexts, nature-based instruction outperforms traditional instruction. The evidence here is particularly strong, including experimental evidence; evidence across a wide range of samples and instructional approaches; outcomes such as standardized test scores and graduation rates; and evidence for specific explanatory mechanisms and ‘active ingredients’. Nature may promote learning by improving learners’ attention, levels of stress, self-discipline, interest and enjoyment in learning, and physical activity and fitness. Nature also appears to provide a calmer, quieter, safer context for learning; a warmer, more cooperative context for learning; and a combination of “loose parts” and autonomy that fosters developmentally beneficial forms of play. It is time to take nature seriously as a resource for learning—particularly for students not effectively reached by traditional instruction.
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Carreras, Cèsar. "Evaluation Models for E-Learning." In E-Learning Methodologies and Computer Applications in Archaeology, 64–78. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-759-1.ch005.
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E-learning is still a quite young discipline that undergoes a continuous process of change due to new potentials that technology brings every day. After hardly 10 years of experience, it is difficult to envisage what is the degree of success of such new approaches to learning. Of course, the number of virtual students is increasing day by day because of the flexibility of such new environments that overcome constraints of time and space (Salmon, 2000; Palloff & Pratt, 2003). However, no such effort has been put into evaluating how the process of learning is taking place and comparing e-learning results with traditional distance learning studies, or even presential courses. The present chapter attempts to show some evaluation models for e-learning and how their results may contribute to define future research agenda and new technological implementations. Our experience of coordinating and teaching courses in archaeology and ancient history in the UOC (Open University of Catalonia) may shed some light into such a complex issue.
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"Chapter 2 A Discipline for Interdisciplinarity." In Studies in Environmental Science, 36–73. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(08)72155-1.
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Girardi, Tamara. "New Creative Writing “Classroom”." In Critical Examinations of Distance Education Transformation across Disciplines, 1–14. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6555-2.ch001.
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The field of creative writing studies includes commonly regarded forms of distance education such as online courses, but there is an impressive diversity regarding the opportunities available to creative writers. To illustrate this, the chapter discusses the two tracks available to writers. The first features the university environment, where students enroll in undergraduate and graduate creative writing degree programs. These programs could be full-residency, low-residency, or online. However, not all writers are able or willing to enroll in such programs. For these writers, there are non-academic options that are driven not by colleges and universities but by the publishing community. Non-degree writers might enroll in online workshops or communities. Finally, non-degree seeking writers might work independently through MOOCs, extension classes, iTunesU courses, and how-to texts. This chapter discusses the history of distance education as it is evolving and the potentially overwhelming number of options available to aspiring writers.
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Lamer, Antoine, Naima Oubenali, Romaric Marcilly, Mathilde Fruchart, and Benjamin Guinhouya. "Master’s Degree in Health Data Science: Implementation and Assessment After Five Years." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220906.
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Health data science is an emerging discipline that bridges computer science, statistics and health domain knowledge. This consists of taking advantage of the large volume of data, often complex, to extract information to improve decision-making. We have created a Master’s degree in Health Data Science to meet the growing need for data scientists in companies and institutions. The training offers, over two years, courses covering computer science, mathematics and statistics, health and biology. With more than 60 professors and lecturers, a total of 835 hours of classes (not including the mandatory 5 months of internship per year), this curriculum has enrolled a total of 53 students today. The feedback from the students and alumni allowed us identifying new needs in terms of training, which may help us to adapt the program for the coming academic years. In particular, we will offer an additional module covering data management, from the edition of the clinical report form to the implementation of a data warehouse with an ETL process. Git and application lifecycle management will be included in programming courses or multidisciplinary projects.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies"
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4912.
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Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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Alvarez-Huerta, Paula, Iñaki Larrea, Alexander Muela, and José Ramón Vitoria. "Self-efficacy in first-year university students: a descriptive study." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9226.
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The study and analysis of the self-efficacy beliefs of students has become an important line of educational research. The purpose of this study, conducted at the University of Mondragon (Spain), is to explore the different perceptions concerning the creative and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students on their entrance to university. Results revealed clear patterns with regards to discipline and gender. Students commencing their degrees in social sciences show lower creative and entrepreneurial self-efficacy perceptions than their peers in other disciplines. Women show lower scores than men across different disciplines with the exception of women commencing engineering studies. Self-efficacy has been related to student motivation and learning and has been found influential in the choice of the professional career. The high significance of this construct in education makes the results of this study have clear implications for the development of learning environments that address the differences found between gender and disciplines. Directions for future research are also indicated.
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Liu, Ming, and Feng Song. "Urban morphology in China: origins and progress." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5654.
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Author name: Ming Liu, Feng Song* Affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking UniversityAdress: Room 3463, Building Yifuer, Peking University, Haidian district, Beijing, China 100871 E-mail: liumingpku1992@163.com, songfeng@urban,pku.edu.cn*Telephone nember: +8618810328816, +8613910136101* Keywords: urban morphology, disciplinary history, Conzen, China Abstract: This paper traces the origins and development of indigenous urban morphological research in China. It also considers the adoption of the theories and methods of the Conzenian School. Urban morphological research in China is carried out in different disciplines: mainly archaeology, geography, and architecture. The earliest significant work was within archaeology, but that has been widely ignored by current urban morphological researchers. As an urban archaeologist whose first degree was in architecture, Zhengzhi Zhao worked on the Studies on the reconstruction of the city plan of Ta-Tu in the Yuan Dynasty in 1957. He uncovered the original city plan of Ta-Tu (now Beijing) in the Yuan Dynasty by applying street pattern analysis. Before the Cultural Revolution, Pingfang Xu recorded and collated the research findings of Zhao, who was by then seriously ill, so that the methods he developed could be continued with the help of other scholars especially archaeologists. His methods of study are still used in studies of urban form in China today. Later, the dissemination of the Conzenian School of thought, aided by two ISUF conferences in China, promoted the development of studies of Chinese urban form. With the help of Jeremy Whitehand, researchers, including the Urban Morphology Research Group of Peking University, applied the theories and methods of the Conzenian School through field work and empirical studies. Taking the opportunity of the 110th anniversaries of the birth of both M.R.G. Conzen and Zhengzhi Zhao, this paper summarizes multidisciplinary urban morphological research in China.
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Paroushev, Zhivko. "THE DISCIPLINE "ETHNO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPE STUDIES" IN THE MASTER-DEGREE CURRICULUM OF THE SPECIALTY "INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS" IN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS - VARNA." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.90.
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There are presented the essence, basic terminology, methodology and scientific perimeter of the discipline "Ethno-cultural landscape studies". By use of a brief historic overview, there is traced the development of the cultural landscape as a scientific notion from its onset to present times. Regulatory postulates of UNESCO are taken into consideration, which explain the meaning of the terms "tradition", "intangible cultural heritage" and "cultural landscape". There are also summed up the practical and applied benefits from studying the discipline: a model for making an ethno-cultural landscape profile of the tourist site as a ground for creating unique tourist products based on traditional culture and turning folklore rituality into a generator of touristic plots.
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Fioretto, Elena, Nora Lombardini, Cristiana Achille, and Cinzia Tommasi. "ENHANCING AND MANAGING DATA AND DIGITAL COMPETENCIES FOR ARCHITECTURE TEACHING AND TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION OF HERITAGE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12139.
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Given the growing relevance, at national and international levels, of restoration and conservation interventions on existing buildings, the Universities have developed degree courses with specific addresses in “Conservation of Architectural and Environmental Heritage”. The students that attend this course become a graduate with specific, extensive, and updated skills in the field of knowledge, protection, conservation, reuse, and enhancement of architectural and environmental heritage. The complexity of the intervention is faced through the contribution of the various disciplines that contribute to the training of the architect, at the same time they studied modern instruments and tools for collecting and managing data, from on-field survey to sharing projects and ideas. The goal is to learn to manage, in its entirety, the project and the range of possible interventions with deep conservative sensitivity, with skills ranging from maintenance to restoration and redevelopment, both in the dimension of the single building and at the urban and landscape scale.
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Fischer, Ole. "Design Research Methods--Applied Theory and Studio." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335061.
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Today, the curriculum at schools of architecture is generally subdivided into design studio (practice) and the adjacent scientific or scholarly subjects ranging from natural sciences to technology to humanities, often with their own separate faculty, degrees, and institutional structures. This separation is widely experienced as a fragmentation of a discipline that claims to be integrative and wholistic. This essay provides a sketch for an alternative pedagogical format of integrated design research methods and studio at the graduate level, which could help bridge these perceived institutional gaps, but also offer a research agenda of its own kind. Design Research Methods is framed here as an applied theory, since exemplary design approaches themselves are selected, analyzed, comparatively discussed, and serve as a primer in the studio environment, while in turn the studio tests various theoretical concepts, design approaches, tools, and methods, and provides feedback to theory. This applied theory is not meant to replace traditional forms of critical inquiry, reading, and writing but should serve as a complementary addition that empowers students to define their own research and design agenda for their thesis year and beyond.
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Colopy, Andrew. "(Digital) Design-Build Education." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.25.
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Architectural education is often held up as an exemplar of project-based learning. Perhaps no discipline devotes as much curricular time to the development of a hypothetical project as is found in the design studio model prevalent in US architecture schools. Whether the emphasis is placed on more ‘classical’ design skills—be they typological, tectonic, or aesthetic—or on more ‘socio-political or eco-cultural aims,’ studios generally include the skills and values we deem instrumental to practice.1 The vast majority of such studios, therefore, emphasize the production of drawings, images and models of buildings, i.e., representation.2 This is not altogether surprising, as these are, by definition, the instruments of p ractice.3 But the emphasis on drawings and models also reflects the comfortable and now long-held disciplinary position that demarcates representation as the distinct privilege and fundamental role of the architect in the built environment. That position, however, continues to pose three fundamental and pedagogical challenges for the discipline. First, architectural education—to the degree that it attempts both to simulate and define practice—struggles to model the kind of feedback that occurs only during construction which can serve as an important check on the fidelity and efficacy of representation in its instrumental mode. Consequently, design research undertaken in this context may also tend to privilege instrumentation (representation) over effect (building), reliant on the conventions of construction or outside expertise for technical knowledge. This cycle further distances the process of building from our disciplinary domain, limiting our capacity to effect innovation in the built world.4 Second, and in quite similar fashion, the design studio struggles to provide the kind of social perspective and public reception, i.e., subjective political constraints, that are integral to the act of building. Instead, we approximate such constraints with a raft of disciplinary experts—faculty and visiting critics—whose priorities and interests seldom reflect the broad constituency of the built environment. The third challenge, and a quite different one, is that the distinction between representation and construction is collapsing as a result of technological change. In general terms, drawing is giving way to modeling, representation giving way to simulation. Drawings are increasingly vestigial outputs from higher-order organizations of information. Representation, yes, but a subordinate mode that remains open to modification, increasingly intelligent in order to account for direct translation into material conditions, be they buildings or budgets.
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Holland, Brian. "Finding Opportunity in Complexity: A Case for Tackling More, Not Less, in Beginning Design Studio." In 2019 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.fall.19.17.
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This paper addresses the understudied educational space of what is commonly understood as the preprofessional portfolio- development studio. It describes a design pedagogy developed to serve preprofessional and non-design-major students from liberal-arts colleges pursuing admission to a first-professional graduate degree program in architecture. Starting from the premise that in complexity lies myriad opportunities for discovery and growth, this studio establishes a robust platform for this unique group of students to encounter the richness and expansiveness of the discipline, and to understand and explore architecture’s capacities as an agent of positive change in the world. It is further argued that what a complex, case study-based design project facilitates for these beginning design students is a depth and richness of engagement, and that like a great work of literature, a complex architectural problem asks students to wrestle all at once with its many layers—with its clarity and contradictions, its strengths and shortcomings—and to evaluate its evolving place in, and meaning to society. In this light each student’s efforts to define their own approach can be shown to reveal insights not only about the object of study, but also about themselves and their own nascent interests in design, architecture, and the built environment.
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Redondo Morán, Javier. "Le Corbusier, Missenard et Le Climat." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.1067.
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Resumen: La obra de Le Corbusier no puede ser entendida sin la influencia directa que han tenido los colaboradores durante toda su vida. Pensadores, ingenieros y arquitectos, especialistas en todas las disciplinas relacionadas con la arquitectura. Esta visión, ayuda a entender tanto su pensamiento como su obra. Todos ellos, personajes de extraordinarias cualidades, ocultos en mayor o menor medida tras la figura del maestro, aunque muchos pasarían a la historia como parte de los mejores arquitectos del siglo XX. Uno de estos colaboradores y quizá el más olvidado, fue André Missenard, colaborador aparentemente menor según las clásicas visiones de la historiografía de la arquitectura, siendo recogido en escasa bibliografía. Sin embargo, es el más importante a la hora de abordar la visión medioambiental propugnada por Le Corbusier en los años 50 y 60. Desde la documentación original de los proyectos, donde son continuas las alusiones a Missenard hasta sus aportaciones sobre ventilación natural, humedad, temperatura ambiental, superficies radiantes, calefacción, etc. Parte importante en los estudios climáticos realizados para el plan de Chandigarh, como la importante Grille Climatique. Abstract: Le Corbusier's work can not be understood without the direct influence that all employees had throughout his life. Thinkers, engineers and architects, specialists in all disciplines related to architecture. This view helps to understand his thinking and his work. All of them, had extraordinary qualities, hidden in varying degrees after the figure of Le Corbusier, though many would go down in history as some of the best architects of the twentieth century. One of these partners and perhaps the most forgotten, was André Missenard, seemingly minor contributor by conventional visions of historiography of architecture, being collected in scant literature. However, it is the most important in addressing environmental vision espoused by Le Corbusier in the years 50 and 60. Since the original project documentation, which are continuous allusions to Missenard up their contributions on natural ventilation, humidity, environmental temperature, radiant surfaces, heating, etc. Important part in climate studies for the plan of Chandigarh, as the important Grille Climatique. Palabras clave: sostenibilidad; clima; arquitectura; Chandigarh; Missenard; ventilación. Keywords: sustainability; weather; architecture; Chandigarh; Missenard; Ventilation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1067
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Ermakov, D. S., L. I. Sokolova, and A. S. Ermakov. "NEW LITERACY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-117-120.
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Among “new literacies” that are necessary for the modern person to be preadopted to life in a rapidly changing world, the authors propose “sustainable development literacy”. The article presents data of empirical studies on the assessment of the degree of study of the main problems of sustainable development in educational organizations of various types and levels, as well as the application of appropriate pedagogical technologies (both in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries).
Reports on the topic "Degree Discipline: Environmental Studies"
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra, and Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.
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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.
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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.
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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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[Environmental Hazards Assessment Program annual report, June 1992--June 1993]. Proposal for a new program leading to the Master of Science degree in environmental studies to be offered jointly by the Medical University of South Carolina and the University of Charleston, South Carolina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10109025.
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