Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Electronic Engineering'
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Bailey, Julian Donald. "The integration of hypermedia based learning applications into undergraduate engineering degree courses." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47544/.
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This thesis describes work carried out over the three years March 1993 to March 1996 concerning the integration of computer based learning elements into classically taught undergraduate engineering degree courses. The design and implementation of three separate computer applications are discussed, along with evaluation results from each. The first of these applications concerns the metallography of phase transformations and forms part of the first year engineering course in materials at the University of Southampton. The application is intended to teach both knowledge and understanding of the subject. The second application concerned engineering design. The intention of this application was to create an environment where the students could obtain all of the information required in creating the specifications for their design and for drawing up the design itself. This application is intended to allow the students to develop skills in engineering design. The final application was not 'intended for students' use directly. It is a shell from which applications of the style of the Phase Diagrams Application could be created and its intention was to encourage academics to create their own applications and thereby make the production of CBL materials more common. It is shown, within this thesis, that computer based learning/teaching can be used successfully to teach undergraduate engineering students knowledge and understanding of subjects and to improve their skill in using that understanding. Possible solutions to the problems in using CBL applications widely are also discussed, along with recommendations for a new approach to CBL development.
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Bradbeer, Robin Sarah. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of studio-based teaching for a first year electronic engineering degree course." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2738/.
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This thesis presents the results of a six-year study conducted on two equivalent groups, one group taught in traditional mode, i.e. lecture/tutorial and laboratory; and another group taught using a studio-based methodology that integrated these three into a unitary whole. The courses studied were two, linked, first year introductory courses in electronic engineering, taught over two semesters. They were part of the Manufacturing Engineering, and Mechatroruc Engineering degree programmes at City University of Hong Kong (CityU).The first part of the thesis attempts to place the evolution of studio-based teaching into two major streams of educational development over the past century - the move towards collaborative and cooperative learning in small groups, and the integration of computing and the internet as enabling technologies in learning. Next, the equivalence of the control group (non-studio-based) and experimental group (studio- based) is established. Then, an analysis of the assessments is carried out, which demonstrates that the experimental group not only achieved higher grades, but also achieved deeper learning. A qualitative analysis of responses from the groups at City University is then discussed, complemented by a similar analysis of students studying on a studio-based electronics course at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, New York, USA. Responses from other studies of students on studio-based courses at RPI and CityU are also included for comparison. The next section considers similar, but not so comprehensive, studies of studio-based teaching at institutions other than CityU and RPI. Then, learning style theory is considered as one way of attempting to explain why some students dislike the studio-based classes while continuing to get better results. It IS concluded that although learning-styles may be helpful in explaining some of the contradictions in the results, further work is needed before any firm conclusions in this area can be reached.
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Zhang, Heng. "Otahuhu B Power Station condenser in-leakage analysis and condensate monitoring system : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics Engineering at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/950.
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Considerable ongoing risk of condenser in-leakage exists at Otahuhu B (OTB) Power Station. The condenser cooling water used at OTB station is corrosive brackish water with exceedingly high sodium and chloride concentrations. Significant signs of corrosion inside the condenser have been found recently. In the event of condenser in-leakage, the salt contaminants in the cooling water will directly enter the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) with the potential for significant and costly damage resulting in a long plant outage. A dynamic mathematical model was developed in the thesis to analyse the consequences of condenser in-leakage at OTB station. The analysis results show that the tolerance of the condenser to any leakage of cooling water is almost zero. Because the existing condensate monitoring system is not designed to detect contamination in this time frame, a new fast response system is required to detect condenser in-leakage immediately. A new dedicated fast response condensate monitoring system has been engineered and installed at OTB station as a part of the project scope. The new system dramatically reduces the response time to condenser in-leakage events. Critical instruments utilise multiple redundancy schemes to enhance the availability and reliability of the system. In addition, action level voting, timing, and alarming has been automated to assist operators in making correct decisions. The new condensate monitoring system is presently fully functional. The project has successfully achieved the objective of controlling the risk of condenser in-leakage events and minimising damage and negative effects on the plant.
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Noble, Frazer K. "Wireless vehicle presence detection using self-harvested energy : a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Mechatronics, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1078.
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Rising from the “excess demand” modern societies and economies place on limited road resources, congestion causes increased vehicle emissions, decreases national efficiency, and wastes time (Downs, 2004). In order to minimise congestion’s impacts, traffic management systems gather traffic data and use it to implement efficient management algorithms (Downs, 2004). This dissertation’s purpose has been the development of a distributable vehicle presence detection sensor, which will wirelessly provide vehicle presence information in real time. To address the sensor’s wireless power requirements, the feasibility of self-powering the device via harvested energy has been investigated. Piezoelectric, electrostatic, and electromagnetic energy harvesting devices’ principles of operation and underlying theory has been investigated in detail and an overview presented alongside a literature review of previous vibration energy harvesting research. An electromagnetic energy harvesting device was designed, which consists of: a nylon reinforced rubber bladder, hydraulic piston, neodymium magnets, and wire-wound coil housing. Preliminary testing demonstrated a harvested energy between 100mJ and 205mJ per axle. This amount is able to be transferred to a 100O load when driven over at speeds between 10km/h and 50km/h. Combined with an embedded circuit, the energy harvester facilitated the development of a passive sensor, which is able to wirelessly transmit a vehicle’s presence signal to a host computer. The vehicle detected event is displayed via a graphical user interface. Energy harvesting’s ability to power the embedded circuit’s wireless transmission, demonstrated the feasibility of developing systems capable of harvesting energy from their environment and using it to power discrete electronic components. The ability to wirelessly transmit a vehicle’s presence facilitates the development of distributable traffic monitoring systems, allowing for remote traffic monitoring and management.
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Тарапата, А. М., and В. В. Шило. "Особливості використання електронних освітніх ресурсів під час вивчення дисциплін інженерної спрямованості." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31250.
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Відмітною особливістю інженерної освіти є те, що студенти протягом усього процесу навчання працюють із графічними матеріалами. У багатьох випадках такі матеріали є вихідними для прийняття проектних рішень й одночасно результатом їх прийняття. Тому електронні освітні ресурсі для вивчення дисциплін інженерної спрямованості, як правило, містять велику кількість ілюстрацій у вигляді різного роду малюнків, схем, креслень, моделей, об'єктів віртуальної реальності й т. д.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31250
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Sen, Gupta Gourab. "Autonomous agents in a dynamic collaborative environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Engineering at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/811.
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The proliferation of robots in industry and every day human life is gaining momentum. After the initial few decades of employment of robots in the industry, especially the automotive assembly plants, robots are now entering the home and offices. From being pick-and-place manipulators, robots are slowly being transformed in shape and form to be more anthropomorphic. The wheeled robots are however here to stay for the foreseeable future until such time as artificial muscles, and efficient means to control them, are well developed. The next phase of development of robots will be for the service industry. Robots will cooperate with each other to accomplish collaborative tasks to aid human life. They will also collaborate with human beings to assist them in doing tasks such as lifting loads and moving objects. At the same time, with the advancement of hardware, robots are becoming very fast and are capable of being programmed with more intelligence. Coupled with this is the availability of sophisticated sensors with which the robots can perceive the real world around them. Combinations of these factors have created many challenging areas of research. Several factors affect the performance of robots in a dynamic collaborative environment. The research presented in this thesis has identified the major contributing factors, namely fast vision processing, behaviour programming, predictive movement and interception control, and precise motion control, that collectively have influence on the performance of robots which are engaged in a collaborative effort to accomplish a task. Several novel techniques have been proposed in this thesis to enhance the collective performance of collaborating robots. In many systems, vision is used as one of the sensory inputs for the robot’s perception of the environment. This thesis describes a new colour space and the use of discrete look-up-tables (LUT) for very fast and robust colour segmentation and real-time identification of objects in the robot’s work space. A distributed camera system and a stereo vision using a single camera are reported. Advanced filtering has been applied to the vision data for predictive identification of the position and orientation of moving robots and targets, and for anticipatory interception control. Collaborative tasks are generally complex and robots need to be capable of exhibiting sophisticated behaviours. This thesis has detailed the use of State Transition Based Control (STBC) methodology to build a hierarchy of complex behaviour. Behaviour of robots in a robot soccer game and features such as role selection and obstacle avoidance have been built using STBC. A novel methodology for advanced control of fast robots is detailed. The algorithm uses a combination of Triangular Targeting Algorithm (TTA) and Proximity Positioning Algorithm (PPA) to position a robot behind an object aligned with a target. Various forms of velocity profiling have been proposed and validated with substantial test results. The thesis ends by looking at future scenarios where robots and human beings will coexist and work together to do many collaborative tasks. Anthropomorphic robots will be more prevalent in future and teleoperation will gain momentum. Throughout the thesis, the engineering applicability of proposed algorithms and architectures have been emphasised by testing on real robots.
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McGillan, Glen. "The design of an electric fence fault-finder : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Computer Systems Engineering at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1161.
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Electrified fencing is commonly used throughout the world to control animals with smaller and cheaper fence constructions than would otherwise be necessary with non-electrified wires. Typical installations have a long wire or wires starting from an electric fence energiser and then surrounding fields in various complex configurations. Faults on electric fences can be difficult to locate, with the average fence using tens of kilometres of wire. Basic fault-finding tools allow an operator to read the peak fence voltage, requiring the user to decide whether a fault is present and to randomly search for the source of the problem. The focus of this thesis is to develop a device that reduces the time to locate faults on a fence by providing more information about the location and nature of a fault, and will point in the direction of the fault.
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Zahray, Walter Paul. "Electronic dissemination of scholarly journals an economic and technical analysis : a dissertation submitted to the Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering and Public Policy /." Pittsburgh : Carnegie Mellon University, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=z23gAAAAMAAJ.
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Qi, Ziming. "Real-time adaptive noise cancellation for automatic speech recognition in a car environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering at Massey University, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/812.
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This research is mainly concerned with a robust method for improving the performance of a real-time speech enhancement and noise cancellation for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in a real-time environment. Therefore, the thesis titled, “Real-time adaptive beamformer for Automatic speech Recognition in a car environment” presents an application technique of a beamforming method and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) method. In this thesis, a novel solution is presented to the question as below, namely: How can the driver’s voice control the car using ASR? The solution in this thesis is an ASR using a hybrid system with acoustic beamforming Voice Activity Detector (VAD) and an Adaptive Wiener Filter. The beamforming approach is based on a fundamental theory of normalized least-mean squares (NLMS) to improve Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The microphone has been implemented with a Voice Activity Detector (VAD) which uses time-delay estimation together with magnitude-squared coherence (MSC). An experiment clearly shows the ability of the composite system to reduce noise outside of a defined active zone. In real-time environments a speech recognition system in a car has to receive the driver’s voice only whilst suppressing background noise e.g. voice from radio. Therefore, this research presents a hybrid real-time adaptive filter which operates within a geometrical zone defined around the head of the desired speaker. Any sound outside of this zone is considered to be noise and suppressed. As this defined geometrical zone is small, it is assumed that only driver's speech is incoming from this zone. The technique uses three microphones to define a geometric based voice-activity detector (VAD) to cancel the unwanted speech coming from outside of the zone. In the case of a sole unwanted speech incoming from outside of a desired zone, this speech is muted at the output of the hybrid noise canceller. In case of an unwanted speech and a desired speech are incoming at the same time, the proposed VAD fails to identify the unwanted speech or desired speech. In such a situation an adaptive Wiener filter is switched on for noise reduction, where the SNR is improved by as much as 28dB. In order to identify the signal quality of the filtered signal from Wiener filter, a template matching speech recognition system that uses a Wiener filter is designed for testing. In this thesis, a commercial speech recognition system is also applied to test the proposed beamforming based noise cancellation and the adaptive Wiener filter.
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Pinho, Francisco José Rodrigues de. "Framework for Developing Interactive 360-Degree Video Adventure Games." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/122807.
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Ferrolho, Henrique Manuel Martins. "Whole-Body End-Pose Planning for High-Degree-of-Freedom Robots on Uneven and Inclined Surfaces." Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105951.
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During the last few years there have been significant improvements in the field of humanoid robotics. More powerful workstations capable of running more accurate - and therefore more computationally demanding - simulations, and the rise of new generations of humanoid robots with better hardware, have enabled researchers to keep pushing the boundaries and create novel methods to improve the perception and motion of these robots.Motion planning is the area of robotics which concerns with how and when a robot should move a part of itself, and the execution of such motion. Motion planning has been a thoroughly investigated area, but not all of the challenges related to it are solved yet.Robots with a fixed base and few degrees-of-freedom (DoF), e.g. the industrial robotic arms that revolutionized the automotive industry, have been used as a means to approach the problem of motion planning. Often these type of robots are associated with an isolated environment, in which they do not have to interact with people. Researchers have developed successful motion planning algorithms to operate robots in these environments.Nonetheless, those approaches fall short when humanoid robots are taken into consideration.Applications aimed towards humanoid robots have to take into account the characteristics often associated with them: many DoF, a floating base, and balance and dynamic constraints.Implementing autonomous solutions with safe human interaction in complex and dynamic environments, considering biped balance and possible external interferences is non-trivial.Our goal is to tackle the problem of high dimensional kinematic and dynamic motion planning.Namely, we will focus on the sub-problem of humanoid end-pose planning on uneven terrains.
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Ferrolho, Henrique Manuel Martins. "Whole-Body End-Pose Planning for High-Degree-of-Freedom Robots on Uneven and Inclined Surfaces." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105951.
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During the last few years there have been significant improvements in the field of humanoid robotics. More powerful workstations capable of running more accurate - and therefore more computationally demanding - simulations, and the rise of new generations of humanoid robots with better hardware, have enabled researchers to keep pushing the boundaries and create novel methods to improve the perception and motion of these robots.Motion planning is the area of robotics which concerns with how and when a robot should move a part of itself, and the execution of such motion. Motion planning has been a thoroughly investigated area, but not all of the challenges related to it are solved yet.Robots with a fixed base and few degrees-of-freedom (DoF), e.g. the industrial robotic arms that revolutionized the automotive industry, have been used as a means to approach the problem of motion planning. Often these type of robots are associated with an isolated environment, in which they do not have to interact with people. Researchers have developed successful motion planning algorithms to operate robots in these environments.Nonetheless, those approaches fall short when humanoid robots are taken into consideration.Applications aimed towards humanoid robots have to take into account the characteristics often associated with them: many DoF, a floating base, and balance and dynamic constraints.Implementing autonomous solutions with safe human interaction in complex and dynamic environments, considering biped balance and possible external interferences is non-trivial.Our goal is to tackle the problem of high dimensional kinematic and dynamic motion planning.Namely, we will focus on the sub-problem of humanoid end-pose planning on uneven terrains.
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Jeong, Jinsoo. "A kepstrum approach to real-time speech enhancement : thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Information Engineering, Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University at Albany." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1738.
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Content removed due to copyright: Conference proceedings (I) J. Jeong, and T.J. Moir, "Kepstrum approach to real-time speech enhancement methods using two microphones", Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), pp 691-695, November 21-23, 2005, Palmerston North, New Zealand Conference proceedings (II) J. Jeong and T. J. Moir, "Two-microphone kepstrum approach to real-time speech enhancement methods" Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Intelligent Systems (ICEIS), pp 392-397, April 22-23, 2006, Islamabad, Pakistan Conference proceedings (III) T. J. Moir and J. Jeong, "Identification of non-minimum phase transfer function components" Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), pp 380-384, August 27-30, 2006, Vancouver, CanadaThis research is mainly concerned with a robust method for an improved performance of a real-time speech enhancement and noise cancellation in a real reverberant environment. Therefore, the thesis titled, "A Kepstrum Approach to Real-Time Speech Enhancement" presents an application technique of a kepstrum method to a speech enhancement method. The kepstrum approach is based on a fundamental theory of kepstrum analysis, which gives a mathematical construct to the application of a speech enhancement. kepstrum analysis is applied to the system identification application of unknown acoustic transfer functions between two microphones. This kepstrum method provides a mathematical representation with FFT based processing and is independent of acoustic path model order. The front-end application of the kepstrum method to speech enhancement methods provides an improved performance in speech enhancement and noise cancellation with several favourable effects.
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Jiang, Tianyang Ted. "The development of a pulse RF high power amplifier for a portable NMR spectrometer : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering at Massey University." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/707.
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The RF high power amplifier is a key module in the NMR spectrometer. Robustness, lower power consumption, and small size are requirements. In this thesis, devices are studied and different design approaches are considered. New ideas are introduced, and simulations are used to show if it these work. A real prototype is developed. Results from the prototype are satisfactory and in good agreement with the simulation results. This allows for the possibility of a real portable NMR spectrometer 'Lapspec'. Points of note: • Feedback to stabilize amplifier, • Hard bias to improve rise time of pulse, • A rugged device is chosen, • Power limiter technology is used to avoid overdrive amplifier, • Lower value attenuator at output of final stage to reduce load VSWR, • Reason of spike is studied, the solution to reduce spike is given, • The reason of instability of amplifier with NMR load is analyzed, • A method is introduced to ensure there is no oscillation while the High Power Amplifier (HPA) is connected with the NMR probe.
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Garnett, M. T. "Development and prototyping of a solid state lighting product for architectural and accent applications : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Product Development in Technology at Massey University, School of Engineering & Technology, Albany campus, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1411.
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Far from being simply a necessary appliance to extend our day, artificial light has a great influence on human behaviour and wellbeing, perception of the surroundings and comfort. The energy needed for lighting is also a significant impact on our natural resources. For these two broad reasons lighting systems that improve the human visual and perceptual experience and reduce energy use are of widespread value. This work covers research into the application of LED technology as the next generation of mainstream lighting. It looks at the reasons why this technology is set to become the dominant way in which we light our lives, and the technical hurdles that are slowing this shift in lighting. It also presents the development, testing and prototyping of such an LED lighting product for use in the architectural market. This niche application is where LED lighting is currently most suited, due to the compactness, colour adjustability and lower colour rendering required. Establishing the technology here will help to gain consumer appreciation and acceptance of this beneficial and useful new paradigm in lighting. The design incorporates a shape that is pleasing to the eye with a simple oval profile. It was designed to be subtle and compact, blending into the ceiling as cleanly as possible. Practical testing on the finished prototype showed it to produce a wide range of colours and colour temperatures, while maintaining a safe LED temperature. The simplicity also makes the unit competitive in terms of cost.
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Yu, Kent K. C. "Harmonic state estimation and transient state estimation : a thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand /." 2005. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20061103.175917.
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Sudol, Peter. "Modelling and analysis of hydrogen-based wind energy transmission and storage systems : HyLink system at Totara Valley : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Energy Management at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/786.
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Distributed generation has the potential to reduce the supply-demand gap emerging in New Zealand’s electricity market. Thereby it can improve the overall network efficiency, harness renewable energy resources and reduce the need for upgrading of existing distribution lines. A typical New Zealand rural community consisting of three adjacent farms at Totara Valley near Woodville represents a demonstration site on distributed generation for Massey University and Industrial Research Limited. Local renewable energy resources are being used for the purpose of sustainable development. Alternative micro-scale technologies are being combined to achieve a valuable network support. This paper is an in-depth report on the implementation process of the HyLink system; a system which utilises hydrogen as an energy carrier to balance and transport the fluctuating wind power. The report documents its development from the laboratory stage to commissioning at Totara Valley, which was carried out under direction of Industrial Research Limited. The PEM electrolyser’s performance at different stack temperatures was investigated. It was found that hydrogen production increases at the same voltage with a higher stack temperature. This is due to the improved kinetics of the electrochemical reactions and decreased thermodynamic energy requirement for water electrolysis. The electrolyser efficiency measurement at the half of its maximal power input (247 W) resulted in 65.3%. Thereby the stack temperature attained less than half of the allowed limit of 80°C. The capture of the excess heat by insulation can improve the electrolyser’s efficiency. Pressure tests were performed on the 2 km long pipeline at Totara Valley using hydrogen and natural gas in order to test their permeability. The results were compared with previous studies at Massey University and with data obtained from the industry. The hydrogen permeability was measured to be 5.5 * 10[to the power of]-16 mol m m[to the power of]-2 s[to the power of]-1 Pa[to the power of]-1 for a 2 km MDPE pipe. This is about half the result obtained from previous studies on hydrogen permeability through MDPE at Massey University which was undertaken at room temperature. The reason for this discrepancy is likely to be the lower ambient temperature during the measurement at Totara Valley, which can be supported with the Arrhenius equation. It was furthermore measured that the power loss due to hydrogen diffusion through the pipeline walls during the fuel cell operation is about 1.5 W at the current system operation mode. A techno-economic analysis of the system was undertaken applying the micro-power optimisation software HOMER as a simulation tool. Two operation modes of the system were investigated, the load following and the peak demand compensating. The simulation results reveal that the durability and the cost of the electrochemical energy conversion devices; electrolyser and fuel cell, are the main hurdles which need to be overcome on the path in introducing hydrogen based energy systems like HyLink. Finally, economic optimisation modelling of the small-scale system by best component alignment was performed. It was found that the electrolyser capacity down-rating of 80% in relation to the wind turbine capacity, leads to a minimal system levelised cost. In addition to this, the impact of various wind turbine/electrolyser subsystems and pipeline storage capacities on the fuel cell capacity factor and on the system levelised cost in the load following operation mode was analysed. The outcomes can be useful for further HyLink related energy system planning.
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Murray, Phillip Edward. "Designing sustainable distributed generation systems for rural communities : an application of optimisation modelling and decision analysis to include sustainability concepts and uncertainty into design optimality : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Engineering (Renewable Energy) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1566.
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The deregulation of the electricity supply industry in New Zealand has led to an increased level of interest in the security of electricity supply to rural communities. This in turn has led to questions about sustainable alternatives to conventional methods of electricity supply. A solution may be the adoption of sustainable community sized renewable energy (RE) based distributed generation systems. However, choosing between the myriad of possibilities requires much data and analysis. An accurate analysis of electricity load and RE resource matching is normally required. In most cases, this is an expensive and time-consuming assessment. In order to minimise these costs, and yet give due consideration to stakeholder preferences and technical uncertainty, a process incorporating the economic, social, environmental, and technical aspects of sustainable design in a relatively short timeframe will be required. This study developed such a method through the integrated use of the wind atlas assessment and analysis program (WAsP), the micropower optimisation model (HOMER), and three methods of decision analysis using Logical Decisions for Windows (LDW) software, which formed the decision analysis framework, SPiRAL (Sustainable Power in Rural Areas and Locations). The efficacy of the integrated use of the software in the SPiRAL framework was tested through two analyses using electricity load and RE resource data from a case study site. The first was an analysis using a full-year of data in a multi-method decision analysis process thus setting the framework in place. A further analysis then tested the minimum monitoring time required to obtain and analyse the data for modelling meaningful results. In both analyses, the results were ranked based on stakeholder preferences between the economic, social, environmental, and technical aspects of sustainable energy systems. The clear representation of the uncertainty of the electricity loads and the RE resources was paramount in the results. The short-term analysis results differed in small ways from the full-term, but were essentially similar. This study developed a decision analysis framework that delivered transparent results in a manner likely to instil insight and confidence in them, and this would provide the decision-maker with much valuable information on which to base their decision.
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Bridger, Andrew B. "Increasing the spectral efficiency of contunous phase modulation applied to digital microwave radio : a resource efficient FPGA receiver implementation : [a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics and Computer Systems Engineering at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand ] EMBARGED UNTIL 1 JUNE 2012." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1366.
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In modern point to point microwave radio systems used to backhaul cellular voice and data traffic, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is the norm. These systems require a highly linear power amplifier which is expensive and has relatively low power efficiency. Recently, continuous phase modulation (CPM) has been deployed in this market. The CPM transmitted waveform has a constant envelope and so a non-linear RF power amplifier can be used. This significantly reduces cost and improves power efficiency. Two important disadvantages of CPM are receiver complexity and inferior spectral efficiency compared to QAM. This thesis demonstrates a 50% spectral efficiency improvement over an existing CPM configuration without loss of detection efficiency. This is achieved by moving to coherent demodulation and extending the duration of the CPM phase pulse to 3 symbol periods. This new CPM configuration of h=1/4, M=4, L=3, is evaluated against ETSI requirements for a 28 MHz channel carrying 24 E1 circuits. Simulation of the receiver floating point model demonstrates all requirements are met. The detection efficiency requirement is exceeded by 4.7 dB. Carrier recovery, phase and timing synchronisation are assumed to be ideal. The 50% increased symbol rate, coherent reception and a longer smoother phase pulse, conspire to increase receiver complexity substantially. The Viterbi algorithm is used to perform maximum-likelihood detection resulting in a 128 state trellis. This application has a stringent cost requirement that limits the implementation target to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) costing less than US$30. To demonstrate this demanding cost target is met, the two most computationally expensive receiver functions, the branch metric unit and path metric processing unit, are implemented in VHDL and targeted to a Xilinx Spartan 3A-DSP 1800 FPGA. The implementation uses 67% of the available logic resources, thus meeting the cost requirement. The branch metric unit is implemented using a distributed arithmetic technique that performs the equivalent of 27.6 giga-multiplies/s, consuming only 23% of the available FPGA logic cells. This is very efficient compared to a conventional approach using all the FPGA’s embedded multipliers which combined can only achieve 21 giga-multiplies/s. The Viterbi path metric processing unit is implemented using a more conventional state-parallel architecture. To reduce state metric routing complexity, states are grouped into radix-4 units comprising dual add-compare-select (ACS) units. By utilising a spare cycle in the deep ACS pipeline, each ACS unit processes two output state metrics, thus halving the number of ACS units required. This implementation uses 44% of the available FPGA resources and meets timing at 204.5 MHz, exceeding the throughput requirement of 54 Mbit/s.