Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Economics'
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1
Hu, Jiming, and Yin Zhang. "Measuring the interdisciplinarity of Big Data research: a longitudinal study." Online Information Review 42, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-12-2016-0361.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research based on the co-occurrences of subject categories using Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index. Design/methodology/approach Interdisciplinarity was measured utilizing the descriptive statistics of disciplines, network indicators showing relationships between disciplines and within individual disciplines, interdisciplinary communities, Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index, and a strategic diagram revealing the development status and trends of discipline communities. Findings Comprehensively considering all results, the degree of interdisciplinarity of Big Data research is increasing over time, particularly, after 2013. There is a high level of interdisciplinarity in Big Data research involving a large number of disciplines, but it is unbalanced in distribution. The interdisciplinary collaborations are not intensive on the whole; most disciplines are aggregated into a few distinct communities with computer science, business and economics, mathematics, and biotechnology and applied microbiology as the core. Four major discipline communities in Big Data research represent different directions with different development statuses and trends. Community 1, with computer science as the core, is the most mature and central to the whole interdisciplinary network. Accounting for all network indicators, computer science, engineering, business and economics, social sciences, and mathematics are the most important disciplines in Big Data research. Originality/value This study deepens our understanding of the degree and trend of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research through a longitudinal study and quantitative measures based on two indexes. It has practical implications to study and reveal the interdisciplinary phenomenon and characteristics of related developments of a specific research area, or to conduct comparative studies between different research areas.
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Amri, Puspa, Eric M. P. Chiu, Greg Richey, and Thomas D. Willett. "Do financial crises discipline future credit growth?" Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-03-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether financial crises themselves provide some degree of ex post discipline. In other words, is there learning from the mistakes associated with crises? The authors test this hypothesis on credit growth, a frequent contributor to banking crises. Design/methodology/approach The study uses statistical tests (comparison of means) on a sample of 72 banking crises, the onset of which occurred between 1980 and 2008. Tests for significance of the difference are conducted using Kolmogorov–Smirnov equality in distribution tests. Findings The results show that real credit growth fell substantially (relative to average) by about 8 per cent points from pre- to post-crisis periods, and that average banking regulation and supervision strengthens after a crisis. Originality/value This paper provides empirical support for the proposition that while financial markets may fail to give sufficient warning signals before a financial crisis, they may discipline governments to undertake reforms in the aftermath of a crisis.
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Pascual Sáez, Marta, and David Cantarero Prieto. "PRESENTACIÓN." Studies of Applied Economics 31, no. 2 (March 29, 2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v31i2.3329.
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Health Economics has reached a significant degree of maturity in recent times, which allows it to have generated sufficient knowledge (both theoretical and empirical evidence) to be able to transcend the results obtained to the application of health policies. All these reasons are more than enough for the discipline of Health Economics to be present in the editors of Studies in Applied Economics. The compilation of articles contained in this issue, whose coordination we gladly accept at the invitation of the editors of this Journal, therefore represents a current review of many of the main aspects of the discipline and a good example of its concerns, not only from the point of view of the public powers but of the population in general.
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Purcell, Wayne D. "Morale and Faculty Development in Agricultural Economics." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 25, no. 1 (July 1993): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800018563.
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AbstractMorale and faculty development are closely related. The agricultural economics profession must decide what it is about. There is room to practice the principle of comparative advantage and allow a degree of specialization in teaching, extension, and research. To continue in the role of an applied discipline, there must also be an opportunity for the young professional to establish rapport with, and understanding of, the private sector and the policy-making arena. If that is to happen, there must be encouragement in the institutional setting and by faculty colleagues who respect the importance of investment in building rapport and in establishing credibility. If that environment is present, morale should be good and faculty development will occur.
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Akbari, Ather H., and Yigit Aydede. "Economic Benefits of Studying Economics in Canada: A Comparison of Wages of Economics Majors with Wages in Other Disciplines, Circa 2005." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v45i4.185270.
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We compared the wages of economics degree holders with of those in 49 other fields of study using data from the 2006 Canadian population census. At the undergraduate level, economics majors earned the sixth highest average wage in 2005. When demographic controls were applied, they ranked ninth on the salary scale. When we compared the wages in 15 fields that require students to take math courses, economists ranked in the middle, as they also did when working as managers and professionals. When working as business and finance professionals, economists had wages surpassed only by finance majors. At the graduate level, economics majors had a greater wage advantage over all of the other fields except for business majors. These results are useful for Canadian university economics departments that have been experiencing declining enrolments over the past few years. In addition, we hope they will enable students to make more informed choices regarding their academic discipline. The results also highlight the need to direct greater policy attention towards developing mathematical skills among incoming university students as a prerequisite for them to build analytical skills, the demand for which in the labour market has been demonstrated in some Canadian and US studies.
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Antonyuk, Valentina. "TO THE 70th ANNIVERSARY OF THE SUSU DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC THEORY, REGIONAL ECONOMICS, AND STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 16, no. 1 (2022): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em220116.
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The article is devoted to the evolution of scientific schools of the Department of Economic Theory, Regional Economics, and State and Municipal Management of South Ural State University (National Research University), which celebrates the 70th anniversary since its formation this year. During its development, it has gone from a service department (teaching the “Political Economy” discipline) to the department combining the functions of a service (teaching the “Economics” discipline) and a graduate one (Bachelor's and Master's degree programs) in the “State and Municipal Administration” field of training. Various research has been conducted at the department. Initially it studied the “Macro- and microeconomical problems of the evolution of socio-economic problems”. Later it engaged in the “Study of the nature of transformation processes in the Russian economy during the transition to the market period”. Today it conducts active research on the problems of the regional economy and municipal management. Many of the department’s teaching staff members participate in the regional expert community of Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk Region. In connection with the strategic scientific projects of the Priority 2030 Program, the following fields have become the focus of scientific research: “Analyzing the promising specializations in the region's industrial space”, “Research and evaluation of the agglomeration effects in the economic space of the subjects of the Russian Federation”.
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Coats, A. W. Bob, Roger E. Backhouse, Sheila C. Dow, Daniel R. Fusfeld, Craufurd D. Goodwin, and Malcolm Rutherford. "Roundtable: The Progress of Heterodox Economics." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 22, no. 2 (June 2000): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710050025349.
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The central theme of this session is the changing relationship between “orthodox” (i.e., mainstream, neoclassical) and “heterodox” economics, especially in the USA, during the past two or three decades. Economics is such a large and heterogeneous discipline that it cannot be characterized both briefly and accurately. Alongside the growth of formalization and mathematization, and the high degree of uniformity in the undergraduate and graduate curricula and in the leading textbooks, there are also within the subject a number of dissenting or deviant doctrinal schools, rival methodological approaches, and innovative developments designed to remedy its defects and/or overcome its limitations. Moreover, many of the outspoken criticisms of the status quo, proposed remedies, and innovations, originate with or are endorsed by prominent economists with impeccable professional credentials. Indeed, in some cases their contributions threaten the discipline's foundations and can, therefore, be considered a species of “orthodox subversion.”
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Kypshakbayeva, A. K., Zh N. Bissenbayeva, and Sh Tukhmarova. "METHODS OF TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.87.
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This article discusses the definition of teaching methods as a science, its object and subject, and features. The main components of the connection between the methodology of teaching computer science as a science and the main concepts of the educational process are also identified. The main focus is on generalizing the experience of teaching the discipline "Informatics" to students of humanitarian universities and highlighting interdisciplinary connections. The purpose of the article is to describe the intermediate results obtained during the study of the effective use of information technologies in the course of teaching students of a humanitarian university in the discipline "Informatics". The structure of the e-course in the self-study support system is presented. The place of the discipline "Informatics" in the training programs of students of the 1st year of the bachelor's degree in the areas of "Economics" is highlighted, the types of tasks for independent work of students are described, and an example of the design of educational materials for the case in the discipline "Informatics" is given. The main directions of improving the methodology of teaching the discipline "Informatics" are also outlined.
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Schoeman, N. J., Z. Clausen Robinson, and T. J. De Wet. "Foreign direct investment flows and fiscal discipline in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i2.2609.
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This paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on foreign direct investment (PDI) in South Africa during the past 30 years. Casual empirical analysis reveals a definite linkage between FDI flows and variables such as the deficit/GDP ratio, representing fiscal discipline, and the tax burden on foreign investors. This relationship is substantiated by econometric analysis. Given the economy's large degree of dependence on foreign capital, the government may contribute to an investor-friendly environment by adjusting fiscal policy. Some inroads have been made in this regard with the government's Medium-term Expenditure Framework (MTEF), which projects a policy of strict fiscal discipline in years to come. However, the tax burden is still relatively high and, due to its impact on foreign direct capital flows, requires urgent attention.
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Whelan, S. F., D. C. Bowie, and A. J. Hibbert. "A Primer in Financial Economics." British Actuarial Journal 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 27–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700003615.
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ABSTRACTThis paper is divided into three parts. Taken together, the three parts intend to provide the reader with an overview of the first 101 years of financial economics, with particular attention on those developments that are of special interest to actuaries. In Section 1, S.F. Whelan attempts to capture the flavour of the subject and, in particular, to give an overview or road map of this discipline, highlighting actuarial input. In Section 2, D.C. Bowie gives a concise and self-contained overview of the Modigliani and Miller insights (or MM Theorems, as they are often known). In Section 3, A.J. Hibbert considers the novel option pricing method proposed by Black, Merton, and Scholes. These two insights are highlights of this newscience, and, in both cases, contradict our intuition.T.S. Elliot, the mathematically trained poet, described the darkness that intercedes between the idea and the action as the ‘shadow’. There is a shadow to be considered between these insights and their application. The demonstration of the results requires, of course, some idealised circumstances, and therefore the extent and degree of their applicability to the non- idealised problems encountered by actuaries requires some delicate considerations. An attempt is made to outline these further considerations.
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Vlasov, Dmitriy A. "PrecisionTree tool in future economist's applied mathematical training system." Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 5, no. 122 (2021): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2021-5-122-78-87.
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The construction and study of models of economic situations in the form of decision trees is a professionally significant educational topic, which is reflected in the disciplines «Decision Theory», «Game Theory», «Mathematical Foundations of Financial Decisions», etc. Informatization of the educational process based on the new PrecisionTree tool allows not only a complete quantitative analysis of the economic situation under consideration, but also a primary visual analysis of decisions based on the data presented in the MS Excel spreadsheet without involving quantitative characteristics to clarify many possible outcomes and their possible consequences. The article shows how the use of the PrecisionTree tool as part of the teaching of the academic discipline «Theory of Decision Making» at the Institute of Mathematics, Information Systems and Digital Economics in Plekhanov REU allows you to introduce students of an economic undergraduate to new problems of decision theory arising from the professional activities ofreal economic agents (entrepreneurs, manufacturing firms, investors, etc.), mechanisms for choosing the optimal solution and instrumental implementation of the justification of this choice. The identified five methodological features make it possible to fully unleash the research and instrumental potential of the PrecisionTree tool in the practice of training the future economist. In addition, thirteen tools, the possibilities of which are disclosed in this article, allow us to organize the educational and cognitive activities of a student of an economic bachelor's degree in a new way
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Fryirs, Kirstie, Bruce Chessman, and Ian Rutherfurd. "Progress, problems and prospects in Australian river repair." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 7 (2013): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12355.
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Effective river restoration requires an integrative approach among researchers, managers and stakeholders, grounded in sound science. Using Australia as a case study, we examined contemporary responses to the following three global challenges for river management: first, to base management practice on ‘best available science’ (BAS); second, to integrate diverse, discipline-bound knowledge within cross-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approaches; and third, to achieve adaptive management based on monitoring and evaluation. Analysis of 562 papers from the six Australian national stream-management conferences held since 1996 provided insight into the rapidly growing area of management, and the degree to which these three challenges are being met. The review showed that discipline-bound abiotic or biotic science was the focus of 46% of papers. Cross-disciplinary science, defined as the integration of biophysical sciences, was presented in 36% of papers, and trans-disciplinary science, defined as the merging of biophysical science with social and economic perspectives, in 17%. Monitoring and evaluation results were presented in only 12% of papers, whereas applications of adaptive management were reported in a mere 2%. Although river management has been transformed in recent decades, much remains to be done to create a holistic foundation for river restoration that links biophysical science to social science and economics.
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Zhurakhovska, Liudmyla. "Automation of the compliance matrix «Discipline – Competence» (by example of the educational masters program «Financial Intermediation»)." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 4(60) (July 31, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237758.
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The object of this research is the automation of the compliance matrix «Disciplines – Competences», which are the links between the list of compulsory and elective disciplines of the educational program according to the curriculum and the set of competencies of the graduate required by the Standard of higher education. The development of the educational program includes a combination of disciplines with «Program Learning Outcomes», which is listed in the Standard. One of the most problematic places is time-consuming of the process of «drawing-up» the links from «General Competencies» (GC) and «Professional Competencies» (PC) of disciplines to «Program Learning Outcomes» (PO). This problem is considered on the basis of the Educational and Professional Program (OPP) «Financial Intermediation» Academic Degree «Master» specialty 072 «Finance, Banking and Insurance» in the field of science 07 «Management and Administration» of the Department of Banking of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (KNUTE, Ukraine). The research methods are to use the design of relationships between logical elements («entities») of the data model (Entity-Relationship Model). To develop a compliance matrix «Disciplines – Competences» in the paper the author proposed a software application based on Excel (hereinafter «Application»), which allows to automate the construction of such links. There is a significant reduction in the time-consuming of preparing educational programs by guarantors and support groups. This is due to the fact that the proposed application has a number of features of use, in particular automates the construction of matrices of correspondence «Discipline – Competence». The method of automation of the compliance matrix «Disciplines – Competences» proposed in the research was successfully tested by the author in the development of educational and professional programs of KNUTE, namely «Financial Intermediation», «Management of Banking Business» and «Financial Brokerage». Thus, the application is universal and can be used by guarantors and support groups to build Compliance Matrices of the educational programs of other specializations and specialties.
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WRIGHT, NORMAN S., JEFF CANEEN, NATHAN ALEXANDER, and ANDREW GOMEZ. "CONSERVATION AREA START-UPS: COMBINING THEORY AND PRACTICE." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 15, no. 01 (March 2010): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946710001464.
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Business start-ups by indigenous people in wildlife conservation areas are prone to failure. Funding issues have been identified as a contributing cause of the disappointing results. A great deal has been written about capital structure both in the start-up literature and the corporate literature, but the applicability of this research to small, indigenous start-ups in and around conservation areas is lacking. Although current practice dictates a reliance on equity, we apply the relevant corporate and start-up research to the conservation area context in an attempt to better understand the capital funding question. The results argue that equity funding is appropriate in the early stages for control and liquidity reasons. However, it also shows that greater attention could be paid to some degree of early debt financing to create debt discipline and later debt funding for motivational and financial discipline purposes.
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Cherrier, Beatrice. "Classifying Economics: A History of the JEL Codes." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 545–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151296.
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In this paper, I suggest that the history of the classification system used by the American Economic Association (AEA) to list economic literature and scholars is a relevant proxy to understand the transformation of economics science throughout the twentieth century. Successive classifications were fashioned through heated discussions on the status of theoretical and empirical work, data and measurement, and proper objects of analysis. They also reflected the contradictory demands of users, including economists but also civil servants, journalists, publishers, librarians, and the military, and reflected rapidly changing institutional and technological constraints. Until the late 1940s, disagreements on the general structure of the classification dominated AEA discussions. As the subject matters, methods, and definition of economics rapidly evolved after the war, methodological debates raged on the status of theoretical and empirical work and the degree of unification of the discipline. It was therefore the ordering and content of major categories that was closely discussed during the 1956 revision. The 1966 revision, in contrast, was fueled by institutional and technical transformations rather than intellectual ones. Classifiers essentially reacted to changes in the way economists' work was evaluated, the nature and size of the literature they produced, the publishing industry, and the use of computer facilities. The final 1988–90 revision was an attempt by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) editors to translate the mature core fields structure of their science into a set of codes and accommodate the new types of applied work economists identified themselves with. The 1990 classification system was only incrementally transformed in the next twenty years, but that the AEA is currently considering a new revision may signal more profound changes in the structure of economics. (JEL A14)
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Díaz-Roldán, Carmen. "Fiscal performance in monetary unions: How much austerity should be allowed?" Panoeconomicus 64, no. 1 (2017): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan140730021d.
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The effectiveness of fiscal policy becomes particularly relevant in the case of the member countries of a monetary union facing a sovereign debt crisis. In that environment, fiscal policy is constrained by the need to carry out fiscal consolidation and reduce debt levels. For that reason and with the purpose of anchoring fiscal discipline, the adoption of fiscal rules has become a central issue. In this paper we will analyse the management of fiscal policies in monetary unions, when the central bank and the fiscal authorities follow policy rules. The results are related to the conservativeness of the central bank, the degree of austerity of the fiscal authorities and the initial level of public debt.
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Miner, Michael A. "Unpacking the monolith." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 661–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2019-0101.
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Purpose The term STEM often remains an undifferentiated category, especially at the graduate level. Conceptualizing STEM as a monolithic category, rather than as a combination of distinct fields, prevents researchers from understanding and documenting the full range of persistent inequality within scientific disciplines at the graduate level and throughout the lifespan. The purpose of this paper is to address two oversights prior to degree completion within the context of the USA by asking two specific questions: To what extent is gender associated with choice of discipline within STEM graduate education? In the USA, do gender differences in STEM fields depend on citizenship status? Design/methodology/approach Using data from the 2015 International STEM Graduate Student in the US Survey, this study employs multinomial logistic regression analyses and presents predicted probabilities to assess differences of enrollment in STEM fields by gender and citizenship status. Findings Results show that domestic women were less likely to enroll in computer sciences and engineering when compared to domestic men. However, in contrast to domestic students, there were no gender differences among international students’ enrollment in engineering. Research limitations/implications This paper shows the importance and complexity of how gender intersects with citizenship status in enrollment patterns in STEM graduate fields. The survey included the top 10 universities in the USA based on the total enrollment of international students, and it is unclear if there exists differences in these selected students and schools when compared to students at colleges and universities that enroll less international graduate students. Originality/value The author makes the case to disaggregate STEM to better assess how specific fields can be modified to attract graduate students worldwide. This paper accentuates the significance of gender and citizenship status for understanding differences in choice of discipline among graduate students in STEM.
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Urzha, Olga, Valentina Kataeva, Tatiana Evstratova, Valentina Zhukova, and Irina YIlina. "Using the Scenarios of Simulation Case Assignments in the Educational Process of Students in the Specialty "State and Municipal Management", Master’s Degree Programme." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24630.
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The article is devoted to the use of simulation case assignments in the learning process of students pursuing a Master's degree in "State and Municipal Management" at Russian State Social University. This university was established in 1991 for the high-quality training of specialists in the social sphere. The specialty "State and Municipal Management" enables students to explore the theoretical and practical levels, the essence and features of management interactions in the system of state and municipal administration, the main objectives, tasks and mechanisms of governance at the state and municipal levels, the methods and means of attracting investments in the economy of the municipality and the region, the features of the management system of the asset portfolio. The discipline "Sociology of Management" is the base for the direction of training "State and Municipal Management". The knowledge and skills acquired during the study contribute to a better understanding of the social, political, and economic patterns of management processes. Management sociology is a science which summarizes all management sciences in terms of targeting and special study of the patterns of managerial relations at all levels of society and its elements’ functioning, as well as in all subject areas, the spheres of activity in society. The study of sociology as a science about relationships in the process of governance, connections, and interactions of the subjects of management activity in Russia has started relatively recently. In the mid-1990s, scientific readings and conferences were focused on the definition of the substantive field of science, its structure.Over these years, the situation has been as follows. The sociologists who violently debated and developed this scientific direction, after the appearance of the specialty "Management in Social Sphere" in 1996, in 1999 – the specialty "State and Municipal Management", and in 2002 – the specialty "Personnel Management", handed the study of this discipline to managers. And all of these management specialties found themselves in the consolidated group of professions "Economics and Management". This greatly affected the gap in the subject field of management itself. Most economists imagined that management is economics. The lawyers of those universities where departments of "Public Administration and Legal Support" were established never doubted that management is a legal sphere of activity. None of them paid special attention to the sociological component. However, those universities, which in the course of training in the field of state and municipal government created departments of sociology management in their structure or modules in the curricula, provide the most high-quality preparation of future managers.
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Putu Indra Ari Purnama. "IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI REKAPITULASI MANAJEMEN JADWAL KUNJUNGAN (SIREMAJAKU) PRIMAKARA)." Journal of Applied Management and Accounting Science 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51713/jamas.v1i1.9.
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In college, a person will study a more specific discipline such as psychology, law, economics, literature, engineering, medicine, and so forth. People who are studying in college are called students (Setiawan). By studying in tertiary institutions, students can gain additional knowledge and insights that can be used in life and to prepare for their future. In addition, by studying in tertiary institutions, students can get a degree, namely a bachelor's degree. Until now, it continues to grow and emerge rapidly with Private Universities with their respective fields of knowledge and excellence in competing to show their charm to attract prospective new students who will study at the College. The tighter competition between private universities, the greater the challenges faced by these private universities to develop their tertiary institutions. One way that can be done by Higher Education the private sector so that they can develop themselves well is by increasing the number of students and maintaining good relations with schools from prospective students.
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Turnovsky, Stephen J., and Ronald Wendner. "INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMIC DYNAMICS SPECIAL ISSUE: PUBLIC POLICY, EXTERNALITIES, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, S2 (September 20, 2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000362.
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Externalities are a fundamental aspect of any modern interdependent economy. The fact that agents interact with one another makes it inevitable that their decisions will influence one another directly, in addition to any indirect impact that may occur through the market place. Ever since the earliest stages of the discipline, externalities have been of prime concern to economists, who have long argued that they provide an important motive for (economic) decision making. To cite one prominent example, in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith notes that “Though it is in order to supply the necessities and conveniences of the body that the advantages of external fortune are originally recommended to us, yet we cannot live long in the world without perceiving that the respect of our equals, our credit and rank in the society we live in, depend very much upon the degree in which we possess, or are supposed to possess those advantages. The desire of becoming the proper objects of this respect . . . is perhaps the strongest of all our desires” [Smith (1759, pp. 348–349)]. In modern terminology, Adam Smith is referring to a consumption externality.
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Zhu, Feng. "An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Local Officials’ Characteristics on Environmental Governance Performance." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102079.
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This paper uses China’s 2010-2018 city-level panel data and the annual average PM2.5 concentration data processed by ArcGIS software and uses the LASSO regression model to empirically analyze the impact of local officials’ characteristics environmental governance performance. The results show that younger officials, municipal party committee secretaries who graduated from ordinary colleges and universities, municipal party committee secretaries who have been vacated, and general mayors are more conducive to environmental governance; those who have worked in state-owned enterprises, are older, have studied The secretary of the municipal party committee and a mayor who is promoted from the grassroots in economics and management, the secretary of the municipal party committee with a bachelor’s degree, the mayor who has a graduate degree, the mayor who has committed corruption and discipline, and the mayors who graduated from the party school are not conducive to the jurisdiction Environmental governance. The research results of this article help to understand the role of individual differences in local officials in environmental governance, and can also provide reference suggestions for cadres and personnel reform.
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Митрофанова and Elena Mitrofanova. "Audit Staff in the Personnel Management System of the Organization (Lecture 5)." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 4, no. 3 (June 17, 2015): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12094.
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This article continues the abstract of lectures on discipline «Economics of personnel management» for bachelor degree programme.
The article reveals the essence and purpose of audit personnel and the personnel management system. The basic directions of audit staff. The content of the
principles of audit staff, the characteristic of the methods of audit staff. Consistently shown the content of the main stages of audit personnel and the personnel
management system: phase of goal setting, the preparatory stage, the stage of analysis and evaluation of the personnel management system for a certain
period or in dynamics, the stage of formation of a set of recommendations for improving the system of personnel management. Keywords: audit staff, the
direction of audit staff, audit personnel, personnel management, methods, audit staff, audit staff, audit report.
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Phull, Kiran, Gokhan Ciflikli, and Gustav Meibauer. "Gender and bias in the International Relations curriculum: Insights from reading lists." European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 2 (August 20, 2018): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066118791690.
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Following growing academic interest and activism targeting gender bias in university curricula, we present the first analysis of female exclusion in a complete International Relations curriculum, across degree levels and disciplinary subfields. Previous empirical research on gender bias in the teaching materials of International Relations has been limited in scope, that is, restricted to PhD curricula, non-random sampling, small sample sizes or predominately US-focused. By contrast, this study uses an original data set of 43 recent syllabi comprising the entire International Relations curriculum at the London School of Economics to investigate the gender gap in the discipline’s teaching materials. We find evidence of bias that reproduces patterns of female exclusion: 79.2% of texts on reading lists are authored exclusively by men, reflecting the representation of women neither in the professional discipline nor in the published discipline. We find that level of study, subfield and the gender and seniority of the course convener matter. First, female author inclusion improves as the level of study progresses from undergraduate to PhD. This suggests the rigid persistence of a ‘traditional International Relations canon’ at the earliest disciplinary stage. Second, the International Organisations/Law subfield is more gender-inclusive than Security or Regional Studies, while contributions from Gender/Feminist Studies are dominated by female authorship. These patterns are suggestive of gender stereotyping within subfields. Third, female-authored readings are assigned less frequently by male and/or more senior course conveners. Tackling gender bias in the taught discipline must therefore involve a careful consideration of the linkages between knowledge production and dissemination, institutional hiring and promotion, and pedagogical practices.
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Wang, Jianwei. "International Relations Studies in China." Journal of East Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (February 2002): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800000679.
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This article traces the evolution of international relations studies as an academic discipline in China in the last two decades or so. Almost non-existent before the 1980s, IR studies has become an increasingly dynamic, sophisticated, and popular field of social science in both teaching and research. This is reflected in the growth of institutions, degree programs, scholarship and paradigmatic debate as well as interaction with the Western intellectual community in both theory and personnel. Nevertheless, the development of IR studies in China is still in its primitive stage and it must contend with various problems such as political control, a lack of well-trained scholars, inadequate funding, and ideational uncertainty.
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Shcherbakova, Alexandra I. "Process of cadets’ economic culture development in higher military educational institutions." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vsgtu-pps.2022.2.4.
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The paper presents a study of the process of forming and instilling economic culture in cadets of higher military and technical educational institutions of the Russian Federation in conditions of uncertainty. The relevance of scientific research in this area is justified, confirmed by the results of surveys, as well as research in the implementation of educational programs in the discipline Economics. The contradictions that justify the need to apply new slants in the formation of economic culture, a significant component of the culture of the individual, are revealed. The analysis of scientific sources on this subject is made, which allowed us to characterize the main structural elements of the economic culture of the individual, to form a conceptual apparatus, to study the interpretation of the main terminology in foreign and domestic literature. The application of innovative methods in the field of teaching the discipline, such as a personalized approach, is proposed, which can be used together with basic educational technologies in the process of training in a military educational institution. The article describes the variable resolution of problems and contradictions of a methodological and organizational nature. The use of the proposed options will create a cluster model of the gradual formation of economic culture. The paper presents the pedagogical conditions for the successful implementation of the developed model of instilling economic culture in cadets of higher military educational institutions, allowing to take into account the degree of preparedness of various groups of students, directing them to the assimilation of motivational attitudes of self-development and self-realization. The aspects of using a personalized approach in the process of forming the economic culture of cadets of a special faculty are considered. The results of the application of this approach, while providing the educational process at the special faculty of the Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy (St. Petersburg), are presented. Possible directions and ways of solving the identified problems are proposed, which will allow raising the content aspect of educational programs to a higher level and, as a result, the level of knowledge, skills, attainments and competencies of this area, as well as the process of forming an economic culture.
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Stock, Wendy A. "Trends in Economics and Other Undergraduate Majors." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171067.
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Although economics' share of Bachelor's degrees awarded in the United States has been flat for over a decade, its share of second majors is growing. This paper documents trends and correlations in disciplines' shares of first and second majors for Bachelor's degrees conferred in the United States during 2001-2014. First majors in math, engineering, computer science, and technology and in the life and medical sciences (now the modal major among female students) are complements to second majors in economics. Encouraging double majoring in economics among students in these disciplines could grow and diversify the economics discipline while also benefiting graduates.
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Бурмистрова, Н., N. Burmistrova, Е. Иванова, E. Ivanova, Н. Мещерякова, N. Mescheryakova, Н. Симонова, and N. Simonova. "Assessment of the Quality of Subject Training of Bachelors and Masters in the Changing of the Socio-Economic Conditions." Standards and Monitoring in Education 7, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ca4a62525cdb2.22244817.
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The problem of the improvement of the subject training of university students in the context of the transition of the Russian higher school to a multi-level structure (bachelor’s degree program, master’s degree program, and postgraduate training program) is important because of the new socio-cultural conditions that determine the need for rapid adaptation of graduates, as the development of the industry is faster than the full cycle of training for it. The authors identifi ed the following modern trends in the development of society and education: high rate of world variability, informatization of living environment, and globalization processes. These trends in the development of society in the context of educational practice determine the requirements for the subject training of students. The problem of assessing the quality of subject training is solved by the authors on the example of mathematical training of bachelors and masters in the discipline of economics. Taking into account the competence-based format of modern education, a scientifi c approach to the assessment of learning outcomes at each stage of mathematical training (subject, interdisciplinary, and professional levels) from the perspective of an open education system has been proposed. The competencies cluster of the mathematical component of professional training, considering the requirements of employers has been developed. Monitoring of the creative pragmatic skills of students which provide building of adaptive capacities has been conducted. The results of the pedagogical measurements show the positive dynamics of the quality of subject training in the changing socio-economic conditions.
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Soulsbury, Carl D., and Piran C. L. White. "Human–wildlife interactions in urban areas: a review of conflicts, benefits and opportunities." Wildlife Research 42, no. 7 (2015): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14229.
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Wildlife has existed in urban areas since records began. However, the discipline of urban ecology is relatively new and one that is undergoing rapid growth. All wildlife in urban areas will interact with humans to some degree. With rates of urbanisation increasing globally, there is a pressing need to understand the type and nature of human–wildlife interactions within urban environments, to help manage, mitigate or even promote these interactions. Much research attention has focussed on the core topic of human–wildlife conflict. This inherent bias in the literature is probably driven by the ease with which it can be quantified and assessed. Human–wildlife conflicts in terms of disease transmission, physical attack and property damage are important topics to understand. Equally, the benefits of human–wildlife interactions are becoming increasingly recognised, despite being harder to quantify and generalise. Wildlife may contribute to the provision of ecosystem services in urban areas, and some recent work has shown how interactions with wildlife can provide a range of benefits to health and wellbeing. More research is needed to improve understanding in this area, requiring wildlife biologists to work with other disciplines including economics, public health, sociology, ethics, psychology and planning. There will always be a need to control wildlife populations in certain urban situations to reduce human–wildlife conflict. However, in an increasingly urbanised and resource-constrained world, we need to learn how to manage the risks from wildlife in new ways, and to understand how to maximise the diverse benefits that living with wildlife can bring.
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Jumsai na Ayudhya, Thirayu. "Research Directions in Interior Architecture in the Higher Education in Thailand (1997-2016)." Asian Social Science 13, no. 8 (July 24, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n8p66.
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This research aims to explore research directions in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand within the past two decades (1997-2016). This research is a part of the quinquennial curriculum renewal process of the master degree of interior architecture programme, Department of Interior Architecture, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL). The systematic literature review was conducted to track back on theses in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand. The query focused on master degree theses published from 1997 to 2016 within ThaiLIS-Thai Library Integrated System (TTLIS) in which research, theses, and dissertations of all universities in Thailand were systematically collected. The keyword ‘interior architecture’ was used to search for thesis documents in TTLIS with specifically refined results on master degree theses in all universities in Thailand. One hundred and ninety-six theses were found in the search. This research comprises two stages. In the first stage, all one hundred and ninety-six theses were systematically reviewed and categorized into different types of research. It was found that there was no predictive research type and no novel theoretical framework generated among studied theses. In second stage, semi-structure interview was adopted to explore details of participants’ experiences of doing their theses; inspirations, background ideas, supports, and obstacles. A lack of generating new theoretical frameworks in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand has weaken the progression of research in this discipline. Developing a novel theoretical framework in interior architecture in the higher education in Thailand is recommended.
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McDaniels, Devin, and Erik N. Wijkström. "Improving Regulatory Governance: International Standards and the WTO TBT Agreement." Journal of World Trade 47, Issue 5 (October 1, 2013): 1013–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2013034.
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The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (the TBT Agreement) obliges governments to use international standards as a basis for regulation yet leaves a degree of flexibility with respect to the choice of standard and the manner of its use. This interplay between obligation and flexibility has given rise to tension in various for a of the WTO, including in committee work, negotiations and dispute settlement. This paper brings together these three distinct strands of WTO work to illustrate core aspects of the international standards debate. In our analysis, we first briefly outline the nature of the discipline in the TBT Agreement itself; next, we describe where and how the discussion arises in the WTO; and, finally, we explore under what circumstances international standards contribute to regulatory convergence and the challenges they face in this regard. We propose that greater regulatory convergence could be fostered through a renewed focus on the procedures used by international standardizing bodies (the how) and greater emphasis on robust technical/scientific underpinnings of the standards themselves (the what).
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Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Olga, and Jasmin Schlax. "Entry Assessment of Student Learning Preconditions in Higher Education: Implications for the Transition from Secondary to Tertiary Education in Germany." European Review 28, S1 (May 27, 2020): S67—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000915.
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The acquisition of domain-specific knowledge and interdisciplinary skills such as critical thinking is increasingly gaining significance as key learning outcomes in higher education that are crucial for all professionals and engaged citizens and that enable lifelong learning. Despite this socio-political consensus, up until the last decade there have only been a few evidence-based insights into the competencies of higher education students. Therefore, the Germany-wide research program Modelling and Measuring Competencies in Higher Education (KoKoHs) was established in 2011 by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In the 85 projects, theoretical-conceptual competence models and corresponding assessments were developed for selected large study domains (e.g. economics) to reliably measure the students’ competencies in different phases of higher education (entering, undergraduate, graduate). More than 100 technology-based assessments of both discipline-specific competencies and generic skills were validated across Germany at over 350 universities with over 75,000 students. This article presents findings from the Germany-wide entry diagnostics in the one KoKoHs project (WiWiKom II) with beginning students in business, economic and social sciences that provide evidence-based insights into students’ learning preconditions and their impact on domain-specific knowledge acquisition in bachelor’s degree courses. The results lead to far-reaching practical implications for successful transitions between secondary and tertiary education, including recommendations for the development of mechanisms to support access to tertiary education and to prevent high dropout rates.
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Khomyuk, Victor, Zlata Bondarenko, Svitlana Kyrylashchyk, and Galyna Chernovolyk. "THE PROBLEM OF INTEGRATION OF HIGHER MATHEMATICS WITH ECONOMIC CYCLE DISCIPLINES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING STUDENTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 20, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol1.4815.
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The purpose of the article is to show the necessity of developing the ability of conscious use of the fundamental discipline “Higher Mathematics” potential for a holistic solution of professional economic problems for students of economic specialities. This is only possible through interdisciplinary integration. It is shown that mathematics is a number of disciplines that are sometimes intersected, and sometimes significantly differ from each other in objects and research methods. As practice shows, quite often students’ knowledge in mathematics remains formal, and skills are unformed.For creation an integrative model of basic mathematical and economic disciplines, the article carries out two structural and logical analyses of the academic disciplines’ content: internal and external. The internal means a structural-logical analysis of the topics content of higher mathematics for identifying their leading positions and the main interconnecting elements within a given discipline. The external means a structural-logical analysis of the topics content of other disciplines specialty curriculum in order to determine the degree of their content overlap with the content of mathematical topics and the identification of “supporting” interdisciplinary knowledge that must be used for scientific and comprehensive reveal of the leading positions of higher mathematics.
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Caballero, Ricardo J. "Macroeconomics after the Crisis: Time to Deal with the Pretense-of-Knowledge Syndrome." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.4.85.
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The recent financial crisis has damaged the reputation of macroeconomics, largely for its inability to predict the impending financial and economic crisis. To be honest, this inability to predict does not concern me much. It is almost tautological that severe crises are essentially unpredictable, for otherwise they would not cause such a high degree of distress. What does concern me about my discipline is that its current core —by which I mainly mean the so-called dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach—has become so mesmerized with its own internal logic that it has begun to confuse the precision it has achieved about its own world with the precision that it has about the real one. This is dangerous for both methodological and policy reasons. To be fair to our field, an enormous amount of work at the intersection of macroeconomics and corporate finance has been chasing many of the issues that played a central role during the current crisis, including liquidity evaporation, collateral shortages, bubbles, crises, panics, fire sales, risk-shifting, contagion, and the like. However, much of this literature belongs to the periphery of macroeconomics rather than to its core. I will discuss the distinction between the core and the periphery of macroeconomics as well as the futile nature of the integrationist movement—that is, the process of gradually bringing the insights of the periphery into the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium structure. I argue that the complexity of macroeconomic interactions limits the knowledge we can ever attain, and that we need to place this fact at the center of our analysis. We should consider what this complexity does to the actions and reactions of the economic agent, and seek analytical tools and macroeconomic policies that are robust to the enormous uncertainty to which we are confined.
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Ngcamu, Bethuel Sibongiseni. "Conceptualizing transformation in the post-merger and incorporation environment era." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 5/6 (June 13, 2016): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2015-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gauge the knowledge of the university leaders at the Durban University of Technology on transformation. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches guided by a structured survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews with the university leaders. The questionnaires generated the reliability coefficient α of 0.947, indicating a high degree of acceptance and consistency of the results. Findings – The study findings reveal the highest percentage of 70 per cent regarding the belief that transformation refers to restructuring the institution more than commonly anticipated variables such as race (56 per cent) and redressing the past injustices (59 per cent). Research limitations/implications – The limitation of the study was the scarcity of published material on the sub-dimensions of the study of transformation (transformation as referring to attracting qualified employees). Another limitation which was observed included the paucity of data regarding discipline and knowledge of transformation variables. Practical implications – This study suggests transformation in higher education institutions is defined through internal (operational and core) and external factors with a direct influence. Originality/value – This paper could potentially enrich the meaning of transformation, derived from the context and experience of South Africa.
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Szambelańczyk, Jan, and Monika Marcinkowska. "Should The Paradigms of Banking Theory be Redefined Based on Banking Practice? (Thoughts on The Polarity of Opinion Concerning The Polish Banking Sector)." e-Finanse 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0145.
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Abstract In accordance with the principles of best academic practice, a research community is identified through an internalised paradigm comprising notions and theories that form the foundations of a given academic field or discipline. This paper aims to provide a selective overview of differing opinions with respect to solutions, phenomena or processes concerning the Polish banking sector, as an example of the degree of development of banking theory and practice.In view of the analysis a question arises as to whether finance and socio-economic practice holds a paradigm that would prove adequate in terms of the level of development of such practice, i.e. the so-called disciplinary matrix, involving symbolic generalisations, informational efficiency of financial markets hypothesis), methodological assumptions (reflecting the cognitive structure of the phenomena, processes or structures researched) or, finally, models for resolving scientific problems (handbooks, monographs, research reports) and practical experience (e.g. methods of arbitration valuation, estimating the risk premium). Or perhaps, as G. Kołodko would put it, the finance paradigm is really based on the fact that “things happen the way they do, because many things are happening all at once”. It cannot be ruled out that what finance needs is a change similar to the economics of complexity, defined by A. Wojtyna as the incorporation of a behavioral concept (reconstructing the homo oeconomicus concept) and challenging the traditional understanding of economic system equilibrium and dynamics.It is also worth considering whether the triad of finance categories (money, risk, time) is not lacking a fourth component, namely trust, essential for financial stability and the balance between finance capital and social capital, serving as the basis for efficient financial intermediation (including the development of an unselfish advisory function, especially with regard to financial products securing the customers’ day-to-day existence in the post-employment period).
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Bisschoff, CA. "A preliminary model to identify low-risk MBA applicants." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 8, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v8i3.1204.
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Business schools throughout the world strive to admit “quality” students to their MBA programmes. To achieve this, various measures are employed during the selection processes. These measures include various tests such as the General Management Admissions Test, Test of English as foreign language and the Common Admission Test, to name but a few. Although these tests may be successful in indicating the quality of applicants, their predictive capabilities with reference to the academic performance in the discipline of management and leadership are unproven, while some researchers even regard these tests to be biased or unscientific across cultural boundaries.This article attempts to provide a preliminary model that could be applied to applicants in order to predict their academic success on an MBA programme. To do so, the model makes use of historical academic performance of 729 MBA students who enrolled during the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 at the Potchefstroom Business School of the Northwest University. These students graduated in the years 2001, 2002 and 2003. A vast array of demographic, academic and historical variables is employed by discriminant analyses to categorise the applicants into 2 groups, namely:• “Low-to-no -isk” applicants for the MBA programme (most preferred applicants that should graduate within the minimum period of 3 years);• Applicants who did not complete their degree in 3 years. This category contains two groups of students, namely those who extended their studies to 4 years, and those who failed and subsequently dropped out of the MBA programme. Further analysis of this category identified:o “Medium-to-low-risk” applicants who are expected to complete their degree in 4 years (they need an additional year to complete the 3-year degree). Although this category is less favourable, they do complete their studies. o “High-risk” applicants are those who are not expected to complete their degrees and would probably exit the programme without obtaining any qualification. These applicants should not be allowed to enter into the MBA programme.The reliability of the discriminant function rates favourably with 71% (MBA in 3 years), 62% (MBA in 4 years) and 83% (dropping out of the programme) being categorised correctly by the respective discriminant functions. Being a preliminary model, its predictive capabilities need to be verified in practice before it can be implemented as tool to render assistance in MBA admissions. The value of this research lies in the fact that it constitutes a model that could be employed and improved as a predictive tool in an environment where very limited predictive tools exist. Therefore, although it is by no means a tried and tested model, it sets the scene by supplying a scientific base from which incremental improvements could result.
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Hirvonen, Jouni, Outi Salminen, Katariina Vuorensola, Nina Katajavuori, Helena Huhtala, and Jeffrey Atkinson. "Pharmacy Practice and Education in Finland." Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (February 23, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7010021.
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The Pharmacy Education in Europe (PHARMINE) project studies pharmacy practice and education in the European Union (EU) member states. The work was carried out using an electronic survey sent to chosen pharmacy representatives. The surveys of the individual member states are now being published as reference documents for students and staff interested in research on pharmacy education in the EU, and in mobility. This paper presents the results of the PHARMINE survey on pharmacy practice and education in Finland. Pharmacies have a monopoly on the dispensation of medicines. They can also provide diagnostic services. Proviisori act as pharmacy owners and managers. They follow a five-year (M.Sc. Pharm.) degree course with a six-month traineeship. Farmaseutti, who follow a three-year (B.Sc. Pharm.) degree course (also with a six-month traineeship), can dispense medicines and counsel patients in Finland. The B.Sc. and the first three years of the M.Sc. involve the same course. The current pharmacy curriculum (revised in 2014) is based on five strands: (1) pharmacy as a multidisciplinary science with numerous opportunities in the working life, (2) basics of pharmaceutical sciences, (3) patient and medication, (4) optional studies and selected study paths, and (5) drug development and use. The learning outcomes of the pharmacy graduates include (1) basics of natural sciences: chemistry, physics, technology, biosciences required for all the students (B.Sc. and M.Sc.), (2) medicine and medication: compounding of medicines, holism of medication, pharmacology and biopharmaceutics (side-effects and interactions), patient counseling, efficacy and safety of medicines and medication, (3) comprehensive and supportive interactions of the various disciplines of pharmacy education and research: the role and significance of pharmacy as a discipline in society, the necessary skills and knowledge in scientific thinking and pharmaceutical research, and (4) basics of economics and management, multidisciplinarity, hospital pharmacy, scientific writing skills, management skills. In addition, teaching and learning of “general skills”, such as the pharmacist’s professional identity and the role in society as a part of the healthcare system, critical and creative thinking, problem-solving skills, personal learning skills and life-long learning, attitude and sense of responsibility, and communication skills are developed in direct association with subject-specific courses. Professional specialization studies in industrial pharmacy, and community and hospital pharmacy are given at the post-graduate level at the University of Helsinki.
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Zhang, Jun, Xin Sui, and Xiong He. "Research on the Simulation Application of Data Mining in Urban Spatial Structure." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (August 3, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863363.
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Data mining and simulation of the Internet of things (IOT) have been applied more and more widely in the rapidly developing urban research discipline. Urban spatial structure is an important field that needs to be explored in the sustainable urban development, while data mining is relatively rare in the research of urban spatial structure. In this study, 705,747 POI (Point of Interest) were used to conduct simulation analysis of western cities in China by mining the data of online maps. Through kernel density analysis and spatial correlation index, the distribution and aggregation characteristics of different types of POI data in urban space were analyzed and the spatial analysis and correlation characteristics among different functional centers of the city were obtained. The spatial structure of the city is characterized by “multicenters and multigroups”, and the distribution of multicenters is also shown in cities with different functional types. The development degree of different urban centers varies significantly, but most of them are still in their infancy. Data mining of Internet of things (IOT) has good adaptability in city simulation and will play an important role in urban research in the future.
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Joyce Hwee-Nga Koe and Ken Kyid Yeoh. "Factors Influencing Financial Planning for Marriage amongst Young Malaysian Couples." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3161.2021.
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Financial planning for marriage contributes to happier, more satisfying and longer-lasting unions. However, there is increasing evidence that young Malaysian couples are burdened by excessive debts and have a tendency to overspend on their wedding. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the current study investigates key factors — financial literacy, attitude towards money, attitude towards debt, financial goals and social influence — that are likely to influence the degree of financial planning for marriage undertaken by married and soon-to-be-married couples. The study also examines the mediating role of financial literacy on the relationships between the aforementioned key factors and financial planning for marriage. The study collected data from a sample of 201 respondents recruited via purposive sampling and used a bootstrapped partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach for data analysis. The results showed that (i) financial literacy positively influences financial planning for marriage; (ii) attitude towards money, financial goals and social influence positively influence both financial literacy and financial planning for marriage; (iii) attitude towards debt has a negative influence on financial planning for marriage but no influence on financial literacy; and (iv) financial literacy has a mediating effect. The findings highlight the importance of financial counselling, education as well as discipline in bringing about successful marriages.
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Litvinova, N. P. "MANAGEMENT DISCIPLINES: EXPERIENCE IN TEACHING BACHELOR'S DEGREES IN ECONOMICS." Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), no. 3 2020 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.29805.
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Zavyalova, Maria Sergeevna, Elina Borisovna Kalinichenko, Lyubov Mikhailovna Ivanova, and Marina Nikolaevna Razdobarova. "Universal competence of intercultural interaction in learning a foreign language in professional activities." SHS Web of Conferences 127 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112702006.
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The article is devoted to the problem of formation of universal competencies. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal conditions for efficient formation of universal competencies of intercultural interaction. The authors substantiate the idea that, along with professional competencies, the employers increasingly demand a high level of universal competencies in modern graduates of higher educational institutions. The article dwells on the peculiarities of formation of intercultural-interaction universal competence as a complex characteristic of the graduate’s aptitude to apply the acquired foreign-language knowledge, skills and abilities in standard and professional situations. The research identified the interconnection between the universal professional and general professional competencies. The article considers the subject-oriented methods of teaching a foreign language, which along with the universal competence, contribute to the formation of students’ GPC (general professional competencies) and PC (professional competencies). The basic concepts in respect of the above are presented and analysed; the ratio of maturity of this competence in the process of foreign language teaching is highlighted. A number of methods necessary for the formation of intercultural-interaction universal competence were identified for the development of the educational/methodological complex under the discipline “Foreign language in professional activities” within the system of training for the master degree in the field 38.04.01 “Economics”. The considered subject will be interesting for specialists in different spheres of humanitarian knowledge: foreign language teachers of higher educational institutions, representatives of educational and methodical associations, methodologists.
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Falfushynska, Halina I., Bogdan B. Buyak, Grygoriy M. Torbin, Grygorii V. Tereshchuk, Mykhailo M. Kasianchuk, and Mikołaj Karpiński. "Enhancing digital and professional competences via implementation of virtual laboratories for future physical therapists and rehabilitologist." CTE Workshop Proceedings 9 (March 21, 2022): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.125.
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Being popular world-wide, virtual laboratories enter into different fields of education and research and practitioners have to be responsible for choosing the most suitable and then adapt them to particular field. The aim of the present work was to assess the effectivity of the implementation of Praxilab, Labster, and LabXchange virtual laboratories as the powerful digital tool into teaching protocols of “Clinical and laboratory diagnostics” discipline for physical therapists and rehabilitologist. We have carried out the online survey for 45 students enrolled in physical rehabilitation degree program. About 70\% surveyed students reported that implementation of virtual laboratories in “Clinical and laboratory diagnostics” discipline met individual learning needs of students, helped acquired digital skills (25\%), and supported them to stay ahead of the curve. The virtual lab applications, not only assisted harness students fair against lack of practical skills, but also brought about a new dimension to the classes and helped overcome digital alienation and gain their digital skills and abilities. Indeed, a virtual lab can’t completely replace the experimental work and teacher’s explanation, but it might support teaching activities of a modern mentor and learning activities of a modern student. Almost all of surveyed students (82\%) expected that in near future the virtual laboratories would take the dominant place in the education market due to possibility of students’ pre-train the key points of practical activities before real experiments in lab and better understand their theoretical backgrounds. Thus, this study is intended to contribute to utilization of virtual labs by students enrolled in study physical therapy/physical rehabilitation with expected efficiency.
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O'Leary, Nigel C., and Peter J. Sloane. "The Return to a University Education in Great Britain." National Institute Economic Review 193 (July 2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950105058559.
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In this paper, we estimate the rate of return to first degrees, Masters degrees and PhDs in Britain using data from the Labour Force Survey. We estimate returns to broad subject groups and more narrowly defined disciplines, distinguishing returns by gender and controlling for variations in student quality across disciplines. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity in returns to particular degree programmes and by gender, which have important policy implications for charging students for the costs of their education.
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HU, Han, Mingwu TAN, Jiabei LIU, Menghan WANG, Shuke FU, and Xinyu LIU. "Practical Predicament and Promotion Path of High-quality Development of Professional Degree Postgraduate Education in Hubei Province." Integration of Industry and Education Journal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/iiej.010105.
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As the endogenous development force and the main component of the postgraduate education system, the high-quality development of professional degree postgraduate education in Hubei Province is directly related to the overall development of the region and even the overall development of higher education in China. However, there are still some issues in the aspects of training institution, cultivation process, discipline, and specialty. In view of the series of issues that hinder the high-quality development of professional degree postgraduate education in Hubei Province, this research proposes specific practical paths such as insisting on innovative concepts, improving the professional degree training system, and clarifying the functional orientation of disciplines, to improve the quality of professional degree postgraduate education and meet the needs of the social and economic development of Hubei province for high-level applied talents.
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Kalabikhina, Irina E., and Sofia M. Rebrey. "Economics of gender: A bibliometric analysis." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.72689.
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This research aims to identify major fields and structures of economics of gender research based on bibliometric analysis between 1960 and 2020. The analysis of the journals in economics of gender captures major development stages of gender economics. The study of economics of gender is growing rapidly as seen in the increasing number of journals, articles and citations from the 1970s onwards. It grew faster than the pace of economic publications during the 1980–1990s. The economics of gender research disciplines largely replicates economics and can be viewed as part of economics of inequality. But its feminist philosophy and methodology distinguish the economics of gender as a separate branch of economic sciences which furnishes new findings. According to the Scimago and Web of Science databases, more than 90% of articles in economics of gender are published in English (fewer than in the field of economics in general). The structure of the analyzed countries reflects not only the sophistication of national research in economics of gender, but also the degree of their integration into international scientific discourse, including the presence of a language barrier. Gender economists are primarily focused on the problems of developing countries. Advanced economies account for less than a third of all publications.
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González-Velasco, Carmen, Isabel Feito-Ruiz, Marcos González-Fernández, José-Luis Álvarez-Arenal, and Nicolás Sarmiento-Alonso. "Does the teaching-learning model based on the flipped classroom improve academic results of students at different educational levels?" Revista Complutense de Educación 32, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rced.67851.
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The teaching-learning model that still predominates in higher education is the traditional one, based on the master class taught by the teacher. However, it is necessary to resort to other models of teaching and learning that are more flexible and active for students. For this reason, the main objective of this paper is to apply the flipped classroom teaching-learning model in order to test and compare if the academic results of students with the flipped classroom model improve with respect to the traditional model at different educational levels. In addition, the students' assessment of this teaching-learning model and the use of Information and Communication Technologies is analyzed. This study presents the experience of teaching innovation based on the inverted class model, which has been carried out with 155 students belonging to different educational levels and with six subjects related to the Financial Economics discipline. For this, a descriptive statistical analysis is performed, as well as analysis of contingency tables to detect the degree of association between the educational level and the teaching-learning model applied for the evaluation of the students. Evidence is obtained that university students obtain better academic results with the traditional model, while non-university students achieve better grades with the flipped classroom model. However, the students' assessment of the flipped classroom model has been very positive, regardless of educational level. The results suggest that the flipped classroom model improves the academic results of non-university students because they are more accustomed to the application of new technologies than university students.
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González-Velasco, Carmen, Isabel Feito-Ruiz, Marcos González-Fernández, José-Luis Álvarez-Arenal, and Nicolás Sarmiento-Alonso. "Does the teaching-learning model based on the flipped classroom improve academic results of students at different educational levels?" Revista Complutense de Educación 32, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rced.67851.
Full textAbstract:
The teaching-learning model that still predominates in higher education is the traditional one, based on the master class taught by the teacher. However, it is necessary to resort to other models of teaching and learning that are more flexible and active for students. For this reason, the main objective of this paper is to apply the flipped classroom teaching-learning model in order to test and compare if the academic results of students with the flipped classroom model improve with respect to the traditional model at different educational levels. In addition, the students' assessment of this teaching-learning model and the use of Information and Communication Technologies is analyzed. This study presents the experience of teaching innovation based on the inverted class model, which has been carried out with 155 students belonging to different educational levels and with six subjects related to the Financial Economics discipline. For this, a descriptive statistical analysis is performed, as well as analysis of contingency tables to detect the degree of association between the educational level and the teaching-learning model applied for the evaluation of the students. Evidence is obtained that university students obtain better academic results with the traditional model, while non-university students achieve better grades with the flipped classroom model. However, the students' assessment of the flipped classroom model has been very positive, regardless of educational level. The results suggest that the flipped classroom model improves the academic results of non-university students because they are more accustomed to the application of new technologies than university students.
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Mohr, Barbara, and Annette Vogt. "German Women Paleobotanists From the 1920S to the 1970S—Or Why Did This Story Start So Late?" Earth Sciences History 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 14–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.20.1.q7643x2308728m56.
Full textAbstract:
This study documents women paleobotanists and their achievements from the late 1920s to the early 1970s in Germany. More than forty women were involved in paleobotanical research and related fields during this period. After they had finished their degrees, about two thirds of them left the field for private, political, and/or economic reasons. Several of them, however, had a successful career or were even leaders in their field. Compared with other disciplines and neighbouring countries, the unusually late entry of women students into this discipline from the 1930s on is explained by the close affiliation of the discipline with Paleozoic geology and mining in Germany before 1945. It is significant that of the thirteen women who finished a degree in the field before 1945, about two thirds studied Quaternary pollen analysis and vegetation history. Only a minority was involved in pre-Quaternary paleobotany. After World War II, the number of women scientists increased noticeably only when Tertiary palynology/paleobotany became more important sub-disciplines of paleobotany, a pattern which was similar in both parts of the newly divided country. During the period between 1945 and 1955, the number of women students in West Germany was significantly higher than in the East. This is partly explained by the policies of the East German communist party, which put restrictions on women students from a middle-class background. Between 1955 and 1973 the number of women students in East Germany exceeded those in the West. This was due to the East German party policy of activating the female working force, especially in fields which had been traditionally occupied by men, such as geology, mining, and engineering.
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Strogetskaya, E. V., and I. B. Betiger. "The Smart Education Paradigm: Expected Outcomes and Real-Life Student Experience." Discourse 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-2-94-107.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article examines the transition of higher education to the paradigm of smart education. The article presents the results of a sociological study, the purpose of which was to compare the real experience of online learning of students with the expected results from the implementation of the principles of the new digital educational paradigm.Methodology and sources. The principles of the economics of higher education, the institutional tradition of the sociology of higher education, and the theory of social representations were used as a methodological framework for the study.Results and discussion. The results of monitoring the satisfaction and self-assessment of the online learning experience of students of one of the leading technical universities in Russia are presented. The authors of the article revealed the interest and generally positive attitude of students, regardless of whether or not they have an appropriate educational experience in online learning. At the same time, the question remains whether at the present stage of digitalization of higher education its transition to the principles of the smart paradigm is being carried out.Conclusion. First, there is still no sufficient data on a significant increase in the effectiveness of educational activities. It is possible to record only an increase in student satisfaction with their academic performance. Secondly, there is a problem of self-organization of the system. Finally, the degree of readiness of students who have completed online training for independent production of knowledge and solving non-standard problems is not clear. Rather, on the contrary, the more difficult the mastered professional discipline becomes, the more students need the help of a teacher.
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Contreras, Carlos, and Julio Angulo. "Does a Clarke-Groves type tax prevent free riding when implementing Eurobonds?" Applied Economic Analysis 29, no. 86 (April 5, 2021): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aea-03-2020-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a Clarke-Groves Tax (CGT) type as a remedy to the criticism that the implementation of Eurobonds has raised regarding the risk of undermining fiscal discipline. In this model, a government minimizes its sovereign debt-to-GDP ratio in a given period and decides whether to join a common sovereign debt club. In doing so, it exposes itself to a positive or negative tax burden while benefiting from the liquidity premium involved in creating a secure asset. The authors found that the introduction of this tax may prevent free riding behaviours if Eurobonds were to be implemented. To illustrate this, the authors provide some numerical simulations for the Eurozone. Design/methodology/approach In the model presented, a government which optimizes a social utility function decides whether to join the common debt club. Findings The adoption of the proposed tax could prevent free-riding behaviours and, therefore, encourages participation by those countries with lower debt levels that would have not otherwise taken part in this common debt mechanism. Under certain circumstances, we can expect the utility of all members of this club to improve. The bias in the distribution of gains might be mitigated by regulating the tax rule determining the magnitude of payment/reward. The proportion of the liquidity premium, arising from the implementation of a sovereign safe asset, has a decisive impact on the degree of the governments’ utility enhancement. Research limitations/implications The adoption of a CGT would require Eurobonds club members to reach an agreement on “the” theoretical model for determining the sovereign debt yield. One of the limitations of this model is considering the debt-to-GDP ratio as the sole determinant of public debt yields. Moreover, the authors assumed the relationship between the debt-to-GDP ratio and funding costs to be identical for all countries. Any progress in the implementation of the proposed transfer scheme would require a more realistic and in-depth analysis. Practical implications A new fiscal rule based on compensating countries with lower public debt levels could be a way to mitigate free-riding problems if a Eurobond mechanism is to be established. Originality/value This fiscal rule has not been proposed or analysed before in a context such as that considered by this paper.