Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Economic History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Economic History"
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Cherrier, Beatrice. "Classifying Economics: A History of the JEL Codes." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 545–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151296.
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In this paper, I suggest that the history of the classification system used by the American Economic Association (AEA) to list economic literature and scholars is a relevant proxy to understand the transformation of economics science throughout the twentieth century. Successive classifications were fashioned through heated discussions on the status of theoretical and empirical work, data and measurement, and proper objects of analysis. They also reflected the contradictory demands of users, including economists but also civil servants, journalists, publishers, librarians, and the military, and reflected rapidly changing institutional and technological constraints. Until the late 1940s, disagreements on the general structure of the classification dominated AEA discussions. As the subject matters, methods, and definition of economics rapidly evolved after the war, methodological debates raged on the status of theoretical and empirical work and the degree of unification of the discipline. It was therefore the ordering and content of major categories that was closely discussed during the 1956 revision. The 1966 revision, in contrast, was fueled by institutional and technical transformations rather than intellectual ones. Classifiers essentially reacted to changes in the way economists' work was evaluated, the nature and size of the literature they produced, the publishing industry, and the use of computer facilities. The final 1988–90 revision was an attempt by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) editors to translate the mature core fields structure of their science into a set of codes and accommodate the new types of applied work economists identified themselves with. The 1990 classification system was only incrementally transformed in the next twenty years, but that the AEA is currently considering a new revision may signal more profound changes in the structure of economics. (JEL A14)
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Mohr, Barbara, and Annette Vogt. "German Women Paleobotanists From the 1920S to the 1970S—Or Why Did This Story Start So Late?" Earth Sciences History 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 14–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.20.1.q7643x2308728m56.
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This study documents women paleobotanists and their achievements from the late 1920s to the early 1970s in Germany. More than forty women were involved in paleobotanical research and related fields during this period. After they had finished their degrees, about two thirds of them left the field for private, political, and/or economic reasons. Several of them, however, had a successful career or were even leaders in their field. Compared with other disciplines and neighbouring countries, the unusually late entry of women students into this discipline from the 1930s on is explained by the close affiliation of the discipline with Paleozoic geology and mining in Germany before 1945. It is significant that of the thirteen women who finished a degree in the field before 1945, about two thirds studied Quaternary pollen analysis and vegetation history. Only a minority was involved in pre-Quaternary paleobotany. After World War II, the number of women scientists increased noticeably only when Tertiary palynology/paleobotany became more important sub-disciplines of paleobotany, a pattern which was similar in both parts of the newly divided country. During the period between 1945 and 1955, the number of women students in West Germany was significantly higher than in the East. This is partly explained by the policies of the East German communist party, which put restrictions on women students from a middle-class background. Between 1955 and 1973 the number of women students in East Germany exceeded those in the West. This was due to the East German party policy of activating the female working force, especially in fields which had been traditionally occupied by men, such as geology, mining, and engineering.
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Kachesova, S., and O. Frik. "Development and Application of a Workbook and a Reader on the Discipline «History of Russia» As Educational Means for Organizing Student’s Independent Work." Standards and Monitoring in Education 10, no. 6 (November 22, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-1740-2022-10-6-22-28.
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The authors proceed from the fact that the implementation of the competency-based approach is a condition for the effective training of bachelors of an economic university. The purpose of the study was to theoretically substantiate and design a workbook and anthology as didactic tools for organizing student's independent work. The methodological basis of the study was the competence-based approach, and the theoretical basis is the concept of mental activity, which was formed in domestic science. The article analyzes the author's educational publications – a workbook and an anthology intended for practical exercises and independent work of students in the direction of bachelor's degree 09.03.03 «Applied Informatics» (all profiles) in the discipline «History of Russia». In this study, theoretical methods (analysis, comparison, concretization, generalization, modeling), empirical methods (pedagogical experiment, analysis of activity products) were used.
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Acheson, William. "Presidential Address: Doctoral Theses and the Discipline of History in Canada, 1967 and 1985." Historical Papers 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030944ar.
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Abstract A comparison of doctoral theses in progress in 1967 and 1985 reveals a number of trends in historical studies in Canadian universities during the past two decades. In 1967, 58 per cent of all doctoral candidates chose topics in Canadian history and the largest number ― fully 36 per cent of all candidates ― were writing theses at the University of Toronto, which offered the broadest range of fields of any Canadian university. Much smaller programmes existed at McGill and the University of Western Ontario; aside from these three institutions, no other university in English-speaking Canada enrolled more than four students. Two-thirds of all francophone candidates were enrolled at Université Laval, where only five candidates were writing on topics other than Canadian history. The political process led the field of interest in all fields of study, while social history of the Annales school held little interest for either linguistic group. More than half the dissertations in Canadian fields were supervised by only eight senior scholars. By 1985, marked changes in this pattern were evident. The number of active doctoral candidates had increased from 236 in 1967 to 294, and Canadian history was the field of choice for 72 per cent. Doctoral programmes and hence supervision had decentralized in anglophone Canada, however, and the University of Toronto's dominance had been challenged by Queen's and York; specialized programmes of some size existed at a much larger number of institutions. Among francophone schools, enrollment had doubled and Laval had achieved a situation rivalling Toronto's in 1967. Laval and the Université de Montréal now had the largest doctoral programmes in the country. In terms of topic, policy and administration had replaced the political process as the subject of choice for both language groups; economic history experienced a modest degree of growth, while the history of ideas retained its traditional level of interest. Social history had become much more popular in both linguistic groups, while less European history was being studied. These developments pose both problems and possibilities for the profession as a whole. Doctoral studies have been enriched by the diversity of interests, but the potential for academic sectarian strife is troubling. The need now is for syntheses and paradigms which will permit the findings of subdisciplines to be integrated into a broader and more sensitive understanding of the past.
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Burns, E. Bradford. "The Intellectual Infrastructure of Modernization in El Salvador, 1870-1900." Americas 41, no. 3 (January 1985): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007100.
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The pursuit of economic and political progress engaged many of the Salvadoran elite during the last decades of the nineteenth century. The intellectuals were no less energetic in the chase. Travelers to El Salvador at the turn of the century commented favorably on the progress they perceived. Marie Robinson Wright, who visited the country in 1893, wrote euphorically of “modern improvement,” “progress,” and “development.” “Salvador flourishes,” she rhapsodized, “a glorious example of good discipline and government.” Percy F. Martin wrote in 1911 a long, sober account of his visit. He concluded, “The present condition of her civilization, of her arts and her commerce is eminently encouraging.” He also characterized the Salvadorans as “the most developed and most intellectual” of the Central Americans. These assessments inferred that the progress El Salvador demonstrated drew on North Atlantic models, and to the degree the Salvadorans adopted those models they were judged favorably by foreigners.
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Benlagha, Noureddine, and Wael Hemrit. "The inter and intra Relationship between Economics, Administrative sciences and Social sciences disciplines." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 3, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.03.6.
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The aim of this paper is to present a framework proposal for measuring the extent to which the six disciplines (Economic, Administrative sciences, Finance and investment, Accounting, Banking and Insurance and risk management) reach out to spaces shared with other disciplines at the College of Economic and Administrative sciences in the University of Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. First, in the Intraspecific Relationship measurement, our results indicate that these disciplines are far from having a dependence with History, Politics, Ethics and Sociology. Second, we find that the studies of the Sharia are flourishing and the economic and administrative sciences courses in the field are being defended. In the field study of Interspecific Relationships, our results indicate a deficiency of the relationship between the related disciplines in different manners. Economic and Administrative sciences disciplines have, especially, the lowest degree of openness, compared to the rest of disciplines.
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Botey-Sobrado, Ana María, Silvia Elena Molina-Vargas, Juan José Marín-Hernández, Ronny José Vailes-Hurtado, and Iliana María Araya-Ramírez. "DESAFÍOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN HISTÓRICA PARA LA FORMACIÓN DE HISTORIADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA ESCUELA DE HISTORIA, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA." Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior 1, no. 2 (July 8, 2011): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/caes.v1i2.407.
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HISTORICAL RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR THE TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL HISTORIANS IN THE SCHOOL OF HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF COSTA RICAEl artículo reflexiona acerca del enfoque pedagógico del nuevo plan de estudio de Bachillerato y Licenciatura en Historia que convierte a la investigación en el eje articulador de la formación de los futuros profesionales en historia. Para esto fue necesario la discusión del objeto de estudio de la historia como disciplina de las Ciencias Sociales y las tendencias disciplinares actuales: Historia Política o la Historia del Poder, Historia Económica, Historia Social y Cultural y la Historia Ambiental y Ecológica como un área emergente. Las preguntas que orientaron la reflexión fueron ¿qué es la historia, para qué la enseñamos y cuál es la meta que pretendemos alcanzar en la formación de los y las futuros historiadores e historiadoras? La discusión del enfoque pedagógico en el nuevo plan de estudio apenas inicia y las respuestas a estas preguntas conducen a la transformación en la enseñanza de la profesión histórica en la Universidad de Costa Rica.Palabras clave: Enfoque pedagógico, Historia, autoevaluación, plan de estudio de Historia, investigación históricaAbstractThis article reflects the pedagogical approach of the new curriculum and Bachelor Degree in History that makes research in the backbone of the training of future professionals in history. For this was required the discussion of the subject matter of history as a discipline of Social Sciences and the current disciplinary trends: Political History or the History of Power, Economic History, Social and Cultural History and Environmental History and Ecology as an emerging area . The key question that oriented the reflection was “what history is? What we teach? And what is the goal we want to achieve in training and future historians and historians? The discussion of the pedagogical approach in the new curriculum has just begun and the answers to these questions lead to transformation in the teaching of the historical profession at the University of Costa Rica.Keywords: History pedagogical approach, self-assessment, curriculum history, history research
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Wnorowski, Henryk. "The Problem of Choosing Development Paths." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 59, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2019-0039.
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Abstract We start from the assumption that the main problem, and at the same time the goal, is socio-economic development. We also assume that this pursuit is universal, development is the ambition of entities at all levels of aggregation, development is a desire of each country, as well as of business entities and individuals. From the other side, the governments create conditions for entities at the microeconomic level which generate additional value, that is, contribute to the creation of this development. Peculiar to them they are developmental paths. That’s why, the main hypothesis of this article, as stating that the choice of economic policy financed by excessive public debt does not, in the long run, serve well real socio-economic development. At the beginning of the 21st century, the vast majority of these countries had serious problems with public debt. These problems already had their history and were so serious that some efforts to discipline the forum of this group appeared. It is, in a sense, natural in the sense that integration itself is heading to a high degree of coordination and to the unification of all economic policies. The picture of public finances of the European Union does not look good despite the fact that this group can boast a long history of making efforts to control and monitor the budgets of its member states. Moreover, one can even talk about a certain intensification of this process, especially with respect to the euro area countries, but we still can not say that satisfactory results have been achieved.
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Walmsley, John. "The Early Abbesses, Nuns and Female Tenants of the Abbey of Holy Trinity, Caen." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 48, no. 3 (July 1997): 425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690001486x.
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A major problem for the student of a relatively new discipline or sub-discipline is the construction of a framework within which to operate. In the case of the economic, social and legal position of women in the Middle Ages the only clear thing is that the lines are slowly being redrawn, although more perhaps with respect to the central Middle Ages than to the earlier period. In fact, despite the paucity of evidence there has always been a surprising degree of agreement about the early Middle Ages. A wide range of authors from Lina Eckenstein to Eileen Power, Lady Stenton and Suzanne Wemple have regarded the period, from roughly the sixth to the ninth centuries, as one of ‘rough equality’ (to use Stenton's words) between men and women in general, and as a period of veneration, even elevation, of female religious. As for the later period, there is a much wider range of opinion, much of it conflicting. Speaking of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, Brian Tierney and Sidney Painter, in a popular general work, conclude that: ‘Evidence of the general improvement in the status of women is fairly extensive.’ The elevation of marriage to sacrament status in the twelfth century is undoubtedly seen by some as part of this process: ‘C'est dans la réforme du mariage qu'il faut chercher les germes les plus vigoureux de l'amélioration dont bénéficie la condition féminine à partir du XIIe siècle, même si cette amélioration n'est ni continue ni générate.’ By contrast, other works suggest that an earlier golden age for women came to an end in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, as an even more male-dominated feudal society reached its zenith in terms of order and definition.
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DOYLE, BARRY M. "A decade of urban history: Ashgate's Historical Urban Studies series." Urban History 36, no. 3 (October 30, 2009): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926809990149.
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The first half of the 1990s was a pivotal period in the development and growth of urban history in Europe. In Britain the Urban History Group began to convene again after a decade in abeyance, work commenced on the three-volumeCambridge Urban History of Britain, theUrban History YearbookbecameUrban Historywhilst the European Association of Urban Historians organized their first conference. It was in this climate that Ashgate Publishing commissioned a new monograph series, Historical Urban Studies, under the editorship of Richard Rodger, editor ofUrban History, and Jean-Luc Pinol, the leading French urban historian and a key figure in the European Association of Urban Historians (EAUH). The aim of the series was and is to be comparative over both time and space, drawing on multiple locations to explore what is common and what distinctive about the urban experience of diverse towns and nations. The broad agenda for the series was shaped by an overarching concern with the administration and governance of the city which underpinned attempts to manage the social, economic and political challenges wrought by 300 years of urban change. In particular, the editors stress the importance of the comparative element which should allow historians to distinguish ‘which were systematic factors and which were of a purely local nature’. The editors set themselves an ambitious agenda and this essay aims to explore how the series has developed over the ten or so years since it commenced publication; the degree to which it has provided a platform for advancing the sub-discipline of urban history; and to consider some future directions which urban history might take.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Economic History"
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Haig-Muir, Kathleen Marie, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "CRISIS IN CLIO'S FAMILY: A STUDY OF THE DISCIPLINE OF AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY 1918-1965 Part One & Two." Deakin University. School of Social Sciences, 1991. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20041208.151237.
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This thesis presents an intellectual history of the historiography of Australian Economic History between 1918 and 1965. More specifically, it is a contribution to a relatively novel area of research into 'disciplinary history. It takes as its basic analytical material the four books widely used for significant lengths of time for undergraduate teaching during the period of the study.
The thesis consists of five main chapters, plus an appendix which surveys the institutional development of Australian Economic History and provides the empirical basis for the selection of the works named above. After a brief introduction and overview, the next four chapters consist of a detailed study of one of these works, the historical context in which each was written, and an intellectual biography.
The fifth chapter is largely theoretical and conceptual. It analyses the epistemological bases of History and Economics and explores the implications of different models of knowledge for the relationship between Economic History and its two antecedent disciplines, History and Economics. Current perceptions of the state of the discipline in Australia and overseas are also examined.
There are three main propositions advanced and their implications explored in the fifth chapter. First, that changes which occurred in Australian Economic History during the period 1918-1965 shifted the discipline from the broad area of History to the broad area of Economics. Second, that the inherent tension and fundamental differences between the two disciplinary areas of History and Economics have profound and complex implications for Australian Economic History at a number of levels and in a number of areas.
The third proposition posits that the paradigm shift of the 1950s/1960s in Australian Economic History, and the paradigm shift of the 1960s/1970s in Economic History respectively have resulted in crisis. The final part of the chapter summarises the contents of the preceding chapters, and draws some conclusions based on those detailed studies.
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Russell, John. "The role of socialist competition in establishing labour discipline in the Soviet working class, 1928-1934." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1290/.
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Between 1928 and 1934 Soviet society experienced what amounted to two industrial revolutions: the adaptation of a largely non-industrial working population to industry and the introduction of new technologies and methods of management. These radical changes inevitably gave rise to problems of labour discipline, expressed most graphically in soaring rates of labour turnover and absenteeism. These problems were exacerbated by the pace, intensity and scope of Soviet industrialisation and by the social policies that accompanied this drive. As in any such process these problems had to be tackled by utilising a blend of measures based on compulsion, conviction and incentive. The present work examines the blend employed by the Soviet regime during the period under review to stimulate, in the shortest possible time scale, a general will for industrialisation and, having established that will and destroyed opposition to it, channel the energies thus generated into the desired directions. The distinctive element in this blend is identified as socialist competition, which the regime utilised to stimulate support for and stifle opposition to industrialisation, and, subsequently, to raise work skills to the level required by the modern industry being constructed. Moreover, socialist competition allowed the regime to implement a management system geared to the maximum priority of production interests, while preserving a commitment, albeit in abstract terms, to the concept of a workers' state.
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Pinzón, Fuchs Erich. "Economics as a "tooled" discipline : Lawrence R. Klein and the making of macroeconometric modeling : 1939-1959." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E052/document.
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Cette thèse, dont l'objectif est de faire prévaloir l'importance de la macro-économétrie dans l'histoire de la macro-économie, s'articule autour de deux questions centrales : (1) Quelles ont été les forces et les objectif qui ont motivé le développement de la modélisation macro-économétrique et quelle est la nature des outils et des institutions que les macro-économistes ont construit pour observer, comprendre et contrôler l'économie d'après-guerre aux États-Unis , (2) Quels ont été les effets de la construction et de l'utilisation de tels outils dans la production du savoir macro-économique ? En considérant Lawrence R. Klein comme une figure centrale, je parcours la discipline économique des années 1940-1950 en me focalisant sur l'intersection entre l'histoire de la macro-économie et celle de l'économétrie, et ainsi, je propose une nouvelle vision de 'économie du vingtième siècle en tant que discipline "saisie par les outils", dans laquelle la théorie (économique et statistique), l'application, l'expertise et la politique s'incorporent dans un même outil scientifique : un model macro-économétrique. j'expose donc l'histoire de la macro-économie non pas comme le produit des questions idéologiques monolithiques ou purement théoriques, mais plutôt comme le produit des visions épistémologiques et de stratégies de modélisation divergentes qui remontent aux débats entre les approches empiriques de la macro-économie étatunienne et les méthodologies Walrasienne et Marshallienne. Ainsi, je soutiens la thèse que Klein a été le personnage principal dans la création d'une nouvelle manière de produire le savoir macro-économique qui, à travers la construction et l'utilisation d'outils complexes (modèles macro-économétriques) mis en place au sein d'une configuration institutionnelle spécifique (laboratoires économétriques), poursuivait des objectifs explicites de politique économique, et par laquelle les rôles bien définis des experts (équipes scientifiques) étaient intégrées à une nouvelle pratique scientifique : la modélisation macro-économiqueIn this disseration, I place macroeconometric modeling at the center of the history of twentieth century macroeconomics, i. e. as e history of macroeconometrics, and ask two central questions : (1) What exactly were the objectives and the forces driving the development of macroeconometric modeling, and what kind of tools and institutions did macroeconomists build to observe, understand, and control the US postwar economy ? (2) What were the effects that the construction and use of these tools had on the production of macroeconomic knowledge ? Taking Lawrence R. Klein as a vehicle, I travel accross the economics discipline of the 1940s and 1950s, and study the intersection between the history of macroeconomics and the history of econometrics, providing a new understanding of twentieth century economics as a "tooled" discipline, in which theory (economy and statistical), application, expertise, and policy become embedded within one scientific tool : a macroeconometric model. Consequently, I present the history of macroeconomics not as the product of monolithic ideological and purely theoretical issues, but rather of divergent epistemological views and modeling strategies that go back to the debates between US-Walrasian and US-Marshallian approaches to empirical macroeconomics in which macroeconometric modeling from the heart of macroeconometrics. My thesis is that Klein what the most important figure in the creation of a new way to produce scientific knowledge that consisted in the construction and use of compex tools (macroeconometric models) within specific institutional configurations (econometric labotories) and for explicit policy and scientific objectives, in which well-defined roles of experts (scientific teams) were embodied within a new scientific practice (macroeconometric modeling)
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Lock, Rob. "Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship a discursive representation : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy, 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/738.
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In this study, I consider the status of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship as represented in refereed journal articles and citations in the Web of Science database within a broad philosophical framework, developed for this investigative purpose. This dissertation firstly explores an understanding of knowledge as offered by French social theorist, Michael Foucault, identifying two forms of knowledge. Using Foucault’s distinctions, I develop models that position savoir and connaissance knowledge, which I define as practical applications of understanding and academic orientations of explaining, in relation to disciplines and discourses. The strategic apparatus of the episteme is included in my models as a discipline-based method of determining the acceptability of knowledge into the discipline, incorporating the varied roles of gate-keepers, intellectuals and other participants into the models. The roles of epistemology and ontology are discussed and included in the models. Further, drawing on the works of German philosopher, Martin Heidegger, I introduce the concept of an ontological test as a possible means to consider whether an academic discipline clearly understands its ‘meaning of being’ or, alternatively, could be considered to have passed Foucault’s point of epistemologization and be termed a ‘dubious discipline’. Academic thinking on entrepreneurship has come under an array of criticism from within the discipline, including criticism as to a perceived lack of objectivity. The models developed in this dissertation are applied to the discipline of entrepreneurship in order to better understand the development of the discipline of entrepreneurship and the reasons for this criticism. Using the episteme of the Web of Science database, I apply citation analysis to identify those articles and texts which are considered within the entrepreneurship discipline to have the highest gravitas. These high gravitas articles are used to create an archaeological representation or aliran that illustrates the development of the discipline over time and the ontological development of sub-aliran. This aliran is a phenomenological representation of the discipline based upon the episteme to depict the episteme ‘as it is’. This representation is hermeneutically interpreted to discern the development of various sub-aliran, and identify the possible influence of gate keepers with high gravitas in such development. Based upon my survey of high gravitas articles from the aliran, I found there was a general exclusion of practitioner both as an audience for and as a source of savoir knowledge. Admittedly this finding could well be attributed to the nature of the episteme selected for the research. The exception to this general finding was in the Venture Capital sub-aliran. Further findings indicated an apparent feature of the aliran was a higher than expected level of demarcation between the organization and the firm. This demarcation had several features including an increasing trend towards learning by the organization as applied to entrepreneurship. Firms were not perceived to engage in learning but did engage in new ventures and undertook innovation. These functions were not indicated within the aliran to be part of the functions of the organization. Innovation was also not shown to be an activity conducted by individuals but was a preserve of the firm. These findings are consistent with the political structure of the Academy of Management’s Entrepreneurship Division and indicate the influence this body likely has on the discipline. In some instances, as might be expected, there was an overt level of construction of some sub-aliran by those with high gravitas in the discipline. This was most apparent in endeavours to add ‘corporate’ nominations to entrepreneurship, innovation and venturing. In the case of corporate entrepreneurship, such overt construction was perceived to be less than successful. However, the changing orientation offered by such construction is seen to offer a new direction to entrepreneurship which may be realized in the fledgling Strategic Entrepreneurship sub-aliran. Some sub-aliran observed was considered to be more introverted due to restraints imposed by the political structuring of the discipline. While the discipline of entrepreneurship may not to be able to pass Heidegger’s ontological test and could be considered a dubious discipline (doubtless like so many others), this finding should not be deemed to be unduly negative. As with Gadamer’s rehabilitation of prejudice, the term dubious could be rehabilitated to be positive and encourage moves towards greater objectivity, or at least greater rigour, within the discipline of entrepreneurship.
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Kudrna, Laura. "Please award this degree, even though it is likely to make others miserable – and me too : an investigation of the relationships of absolute and relative socio-economic status with subjective wellbeing in the United States and England." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3701/.
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This thesis argues that we can better understand the relationship between socio-economic status and subjective wellbeing (SWB) by considering more carefully to whom and how people make comparisons and what is meant by SWB. It questions existing knowledge with new empirical evidence and frameworks for both ‘reference groups’ – the people to whom we (may) make comparisons – and SWB. These contributions are situated within existing social comparison, norm and identity theories from economics and psychology. Using two large datasets from the United States and England, over 300 reference group measures are created. Nearly 4K models are analysed, adjusting for multiple comparisons. Although the results should be interpreted cautiously due to issues of endogeneity, they suggest that upward comparisons to others’ socio-economic attainment do matter for SWB and are almost always negative after accounting for individual attainment and multicollinearity. Comparisons to others of a similar age and to perceptions of those in ‘society’ matter most consistently. Socio-economic attainment in and of itself, however, is not sufficient to improve how people feel even if it improves their thoughts about how well their lives are going, and it is difficult to escape the negative effects of relative socio-economic status. Negative effects are evident across the distributions of SWB and absolute socio-economic status, for both women and men, and across age groups. It is not possible to dismiss the idea that comparisons to others’ socio-economic attainment do not matter – and yet, achieving socio-economically in absolute terms does not guarantee a life free of misery and full of happy and meaningful moments, either, even if this should be the ultimate aim of people and social policies. These results can inform normative debates about optimal resource distributions in societies and underscore the importance of considering how well people are doing socio-economically in relative and not only absolute terms.
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Mariani, Mirtes Rose Andrade de Moura [UNESP]. "A história da disciplina de didática no Curso Normal do Instituto Superior de Educação da cidade de Garça-SP (2003-2006)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137907.
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Trata-se de pesquisa de mestrado, com o objetivo geral localizar, identificar, reunir, selecionar, sistematizar, analisar e interpretar aspectos da disciplina de Didática no Curso Normal do Instituto Superior de Educação da cidade de Garça-SP (2003-2006). Tal formulação se originou da crença de que, as disciplinas escolares constituem corpos de saberes que elaborados, se tornam próprios para o estudo, a aprendizagem, e por meio da história das disciplinas escolares poderemos perceber a materialização da produção do conhecimento nas instituições escolares. Assim, se justifica a pesquisa cujos resultados ora apresento, centrado na história da disciplina Didática, no extinto Curso Normal Superior do Instituto Superior de Educação de Garça-SP (2003-2006), o qual faz parte de uma política de formação de professores pós LDB 9394/96. O método de análise e de interpretação dos dados e informações privilegiado é o dos “aspectos da configuração textual”, segundo Magnani (1993; 1997) /Mortatti (2000), baseado nos procedimentos de localização, identificação, recuperação, reunião, seleção, ordenação, sistematização e análise do corpus documental. O referencial teórico que subsidiou a análise dos dados e informações obtidos foi constituído pelas formulações de Chervel (1990) sobre o que esse pesquisador denomina de finalidades de objetivo e de finalidades reais, as quais fundamentam os saberes e permitem que eles se materializem nas instituições, por meio de todos os seus processos, dentre os quais, as disciplinas escolares e ou acadêmicas. Dentre as considerações finais tem-se que a as disciplinas de Didática deveria ter assumido no Curso Normal Superior de Garça, segundo o documento da instituição, papel relevante, ao lado da Pesquisa e Prática de Ensino e do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado como elementos integradores dos eixos curriculares. Entretanto, a pesquisa desenvolvida evidenciou que isso ficou apenas nas tentativas.
It is master's research, with the overall objective to locate, identify, gather, select, organize, analyze and interpret aspects of didactics of discipline in the Ordinary Course of the School of Education of the city of Garça SP (2003-2006). Such a formulation stemmed from the belief that school subjects are of knowledge that developed bodies become fit for study, learning, and through the history of school subjects can perceive the materialization of knowledge production in schools. Thus, it justifies the research whose results now present, centered in the history of Teaching discipline, extinct Training Course at the Higher Institute of Garça SP of Education (2003-2006), which is part of a post teacher training policy LDB 9394/96. The method of analysis and interpretation of data and privileged information is the "aspects of textual configuration," said Magnani (1993; 1997) / Mortatti (2000), based on the location of procedures, identification, recovery, meeting, selection, ordering , systematization and analysis of the documentary corpus. The theoretical framework that supported the analysis of the data and information obtained was constituted by Chervel formulations (1990) about what the researcher calls the objective purposes and real purposes, which underpin the knowledge and allow them to materialize in the institutions, through all its processes, among which the school and or academic disciplines. Among the final considerations it has been that the didactics of disciplines should have taken the Superior Normal Course of Garça, the report of the institution, role, next to the Research and Teaching Practice and Curriculum Supervised as the integrating elements of the axes curriculum. However, research carried out showed that it was only in attempts.
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Miller, Philip Warren. "Greater Jacksonville's response to the Florida land boom of the 1920s." UNF Digital Commons, 1989. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/NF00000116.jpg.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 1989.Completed through the joint cooperative program of the History Departments of the University of Florida and the University of North Florida. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-178).
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Flynn, Emma. "Building careers, managing capitals." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9393.
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I sought to find out whether this was a tension between artistic and commercial in the career of visual artists, and if so, how this tension was managed. In attempting to uncover information which could address the research question I undertook in-depth career history interviews with artists which covered their time at art school through to their current practice. The career history method was deliberately chosen in order to address the research question at a tangent as both the literature, and my own personal experience of the field of contemporary visual art, had suggested that the topic of artistic and commercial was a sensitive one. By framing the interviews around the experiences the artists had through the time period of their training and career, I was able to approach the research questions indirectly from the perspective of the artists. Through analysis of the interview transcripts the framework of Bourdieu's capitals arose as one that would capably explain the activities which the artists were undertaken and I used this as a framing device for the empirical chapters in the thesis. In exploring ideas of cultural, social and economic capitals in relation to how artists describe the activities they undertake during their career it became apparent that the broad structures of cultural capital needed further refinement in their application to the careers of visual artists. In the thesis I chose to elaborate further on the concept of artistic capital which has, until now, been unexplored by scholars. I have developed an understanding of artistic capital as a subcategory of cultural capital with particular application to the field of contemporary visual art – with the potential for wider application beyond the thesis. The three capitals of artistic, social and economic proved a capable structure for understanding whether there was a tension between artistic and commercial and how artists managed this. Through this research I have found that artists come to believe, during their early career and training through art school, that there is a tension between artistic and commercial as this is perpetuated by institutions and art world participants through their exclusion or dismissal of commercial aspects of the visual art field. Through their careers they come to realise that this tension is less prevalent than they thought and that they are able to manage these two aspects of artistic and commercial more effectively. However, artists continue to be faced with instances where this tension is imposed upon them by other art world players who perpetuate the belief that there is an inherent, unresolvable tension between artistic and commercial. These individuals attempt to shield artists from this perceived tension later in their careers when artists are already adept at managing the competing priorities of artistic and commercial without the two creating tension.
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Heagney, Kevin John. "The genesis and early evolution of New Zealand income tax : an examination of Governer Fitzroy's experiments with taxation, 1843-1845 : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Massey University, Turitea Campus, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1076.
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This thesis focuses on the genesis and development of direct taxation in early New Zealand. During the study period (1843-45), both taxpayers and tax were new to the colonial settlement and this study traces the early history of the two trying to accommodate each other. Between 1843 and 1845, subject to the politics of tax, the fiscal future of the colony was decided. The thesis begins by contextualising the study. It critically examines the revenue and expenditure record of the Crown Colony period and then details the antecedents of New Zealand fiscal policy in general and specifically tax policy (our shared English heritage). Thereafter, four interesting events in New Zealand tax law are discussed: (1) Schedule E of the British Land and Income Tax Act, 1842 (arrived in New Zealand 1843); (2) The Property Rate Ordinance, 1844; (3) the proposed Amendment to the Property Rate Ordinance, 1844; and, (4) the proposed Dealers’ Licensing Ordinance in 1845. After analysing the period’s individual direct tax laws, the thesis elaborates on the political process which determined the development of this body of tax laws. Thereafter, the thesis develops a conceptual model to explain the tax reform process of the study period. The thesis finds that tax policy during the study period was driven by four key influences: crisis (internal/external and economic); political considerations; the application of sound nineteenth-century economic policy; and importantly, the precedent of another nation’s experience with tax policy development. To have knowledge of such events in economic history (the past record of tax law), how and why they occurred, matters. Just as a nation’s financial accounts are built on the foundations of the previous fiscal year, future taxation policy will be based on current taxation policy; tax laws which were developed from past (historic) tax practices. Therefore, knowledge of how New Zealand formulated tax policy in the past and why it did so, is of interest to fiscal policy makers today. Future tax policy is simply a derivation of past tax laws; the development of New Zealand’s taxation policy began in New South Wales in 1839, and thereafter began, what this thesis suggests, was a predictable, evolutionary process.
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Hunter, Ian. "Entrepreneurship and economic development in New Zealand, 1880-1910 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History at Massey University." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1640.
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This study investigates entrepreneurial activity in New Zealand between 1880 and 1910. Economic indicators, population, import and export patterns, provincial differences, and industrial development are examined to understand entrepreneurship and its relationship to economic growth. In addition, a case analysis of 133 entrepreneurs is presented, which analyses the backgrounds, education, reasons for venture start-up, venture types, methods of growth, incidence of failure, and sources of capital for nineteenth-century New Zealand entrepreneurs. This study suggests that a range of structural characteristics present in the New Zealand economy at this time, such as rapid population growth, technological innovation, isolation of markets, business structures, public works investment, immigration, and fiscal policies, encouraged and fostered entrepreneurial activity. Common characteristics among those who undertook new ventures over this period are highlighted; these include skill, commercial experience, limited capital, partnership, networks and the propensity to undertake multiple business ventures. Overall, entrepreneurial activity by small and medium-sized enterprises emerged as an important mechanism by which the colonial economy expanded both in scale and scope.
Books on the topic "Degree Discipline: Economic History"
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Economists and societies: Discipline and profession in the United States, Great Britain, and France, 1890s to 1990s. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
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Selection of public servants into politics: An economic analysis of its causes and consequences. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2013.
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Szollosi-Janze, Margit. "Doktorgrad entzogen!": Aberkennungen akademischer Titel an der Universität Köln 1933 bis 1945. Nümbrecht: Kirsch, 2005.
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Orehova, Elena, and Lyudmila Polunina. History and current state of youth policy abroad. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1023713.
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The textbook is an innovative presentation of the discipline program "History and current state of youth policy abroad". The authors consider the process of formation and development of youth policy of the leading world powers in a broad socio-cultural context, relying on numerous authentic sources and relevant documents of international organizations devoted to social policy and sociology.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying under bachelor's degree programs in the field of training 39.03.03 "Organization of work with youth", and will also be of interest to specialists in the field of state youth policy and work with youth, teachers of humanities, researchers.
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Ammannati, Francesco, ed. Dove va la storia economica? Metodi e prospettive. Secc. XIII-XVIII – Where is Economic History Going? Methods and Prospects from the 13th to the 18th Centuries. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-287-5.
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The book proposes to take stock of the situation of the studies of economic history of the pre-industrial age, in an attempt to grasp what – in the current state of European research – is the cultural scope and role of the discipline among the many specialisations of history and economic science. It analyses the different approaches that have characterised the various European historiography schools over time, as well as the evolution and prospects of directions of research; it reflects on the analysis of the sources, the methods that are at the basis of their use, and the interpretative questions that they pose for the academic. Finally it proposes the inclusion of economic history within the more general context of research, through an interdisciplinary comparison between the method proper to this discipline and that of other economic and social sciences.
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Blinov, Aleksandr, Yuriy Rozhdestvenskiy, Yuriy Marchuk, and Sergey Romashko. Introduction to Linguistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1070194.
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The textbook is based on the lecture course "Fundamentals of Linguistics", taught at the Faculty of Philology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The book introduces students to the system of concepts and terms used by any philological discipline. The purpose of the textbook is to provide theoretical training for students to learn languages and help them master languages practically. The text of the textbook introduces students to the range of problems that are further generalized in the courses "General Linguistics", "Theory of Language", "History of linguistic teachings".
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of philological faculties of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 45.03.01 "Philology" (bachelor's degree).
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Mishenin, Sergey. Information and analytical work. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987953.
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In the textbook the basic concepts concerning the organization and technology of information work of the student-historian are considered. It includes four sections: the first determines the place of the course's problems in the process of historical knowledge; the second tracks the principal features of facts, sources and research, which can potentially be the sphere of historical research; the third introduces the reader to the principles, conceptual apparatus, laws, methods and judgments as means of knowledge.; the fourth introduces the experience of constructing the text of the study, which sums up a certain result of the work done and allows you to " translate the process of learning a new state of relative knowledge."
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for undergraduate students studying the discipline "Information and analytical work". It can be useful to persons preparing for admission to the master's degree in the areas of training "History" and "International relations", as well as all those interested in working with documents and other media.
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Osipov, Vladimir. Control and audit of the activities of a commercial organization: external and internal. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1137320.
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The textbook reveals the role of control in ensuring the effective operation of a commercial organization, and sets its purpose and objectives. The main directions of external and internal control of the activities of a commercial organization are defined and the characteristics of the functions performed by them are given. The basic principles of external and internal audit are formulated, their purpose is defined, and the procedure for regulatory and legal regulation of audit activities in the Russian Federation is considered. The features of control over the activities of a commercial organization in management accounting are revealed, and the need for its further development in modern business conditions is justified. To consolidate the theoretical material, the practical and methodological support of the discipline is provided.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students in the bachelor's degree program 38.03.01 " Economics "(profile "Accounting, Analysis and Audit") and teachers of economic specialties, students of the postgraduate education system, practitioners related to external and internal control and audit of the activities of commercial organizations.
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Lednev, Mihail, and Il'ya Pokamestov. Factoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058317.
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The history of the origin and development of factoring operations, their classification, the mechanism of factoring as a method of financing the company's working capital, models of international factoring, risk management of this type of business, legal aspects of factoring in the Russian Federation, the current state of the factoring market in the world are considered.
Special attention is paid to the functioning of the factoring company — its organizational structure, principles of working with clients, automation of factoring operations.
The electronic component of the textbook includes: a workshop on the study of the discipline "Factoring"; a guide to the study of the discipline "Factoring"; a glossary.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities, employees of financial and credit institutions, managers of enterprises of all forms of ownership.
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Shevcov, Vyacheslav. Auxiliary historical disciplines: historical Metrology of Russia. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048877.
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The textbook sets out the basics of historical Metrology, presents the historiography of the discipline, and describes its sources, methods, and research approaches. The features of the formation and development of the main Russian measures and their application are considered in the General context of the economic and cultural history of the Russian state and society, the development of scientific and technical knowledge. The appendices contain the program of lectures on historical Metrology, control questions on the course, topics of possible abstracts, a list of sources, textbooks and literature, the main Russian dometric measures of length, area, volume and weight. For students of historical faculties of higher educational institutions.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Economic History"
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Saith, Ashwani. "Sociology: The Departure of ‘Stray Colleagues in a Vaguely Cognate Discipline’." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought, 691–763. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93019-6_10.
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Oman, Susan. "Knowing Well-being: A History of Data." In New Directions in Cultural Policy Research, 35–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72937-0_2.
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AbstractWhat is well-being? Well-being has become synonymous with the multi-billion-dollar wellness industry, whilst also being rooted in ancient philosophy and religious practices. It has no universal definition across time, place or scientific discipline, yet the very term ‘statistics’ was invented to measure human happiness.This chapter contextualises the history of well-being data and development as one which is tied to political and technological change, firstly, in the desire to monitor human welfare, and secondly, for policy. Public management strategies embraced economic approaches to auditing, as a means to define value and efficiency in social policy choices. The chapter considers how well-being data became co-opted into an ostensibly rational process of decision-making and evaluation, becoming a tool of policy—for good and bad.
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Jansen, Joost, and Robbert Goverts. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Dutch Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 357–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_21.
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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the Dutch diaspora policy infrastructure and key policies (e.g. cultural, economic, and political) implemented in the Netherlands. While presenting some key characteristics of the (history of the) Dutch diaspora, it also discusses a recent controversy over dual citizenship, which provides a relevant context to analyse the architecture of diaspora engagement policies in the Netherlands. Subsequently, we discuss the degree to which the Netherlands implements social protection policies that aim to provide assistance to Dutch nationals residing abroad. Overall, we show that the Netherlands is characterized by a political climate that prioritizes immigration policies over emigration policies and also appeals to individual responsibility whether it concerns Dutch citizens living in the Netherlands or abroad.
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Fujiwara, Takahiro, and Nariaki Onda. "Conflict of Legitimacy Over Tropical Forest Lands: Lessons for Collaboration from the Case of Industrial Tree Plantation in Indonesia." In Decision Science for Future Earth, 119–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_5.
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AbstractIndustrial Tree Plantation (ITP) in Indonesia has been controversial due to its significant environmental, economic, and social impacts and the severe conflicts among stakeholders. Therefore, it is crucially important to discuss the fundamental structure of the conflicts to promote going forward. We introduce the concept of “legitimacy” and discuss the (1) inequality of the landholding structure and (2) legal pluralism established by historical circumstances as the fundamental structure of the conflicts. Our discussions present some key lessons in promoting collaboration among stakeholders. The first lesson is that the degree of interest and priority for problems differs among stakeholders. Therefore, an understanding of these differences is the first step toward collaboration. The second lesson is about the importance of considering history. Awareness of the problem, interpretation of the historical facts, and evaluation of other stakeholders by a certain stakeholder change over time. Therefore, to start a collaboration, it is necessary to build a consensus among stakeholders as a time point to go back to in order to discuss the problem. The third lesson is that a procedure for data presentation agreeable among stakeholders as independent, neutral, and fair is essential for their collaborations. Especially in cases where conflicts among stakeholders are intensive, it appears that confidence in and interpretation of presented data are different for each stakeholder. Therefore, data presentation agreeable to all stakeholders is essential to promote their collaborations. Unlike conventional scientific research, scientists are required to uphold various values existing in society to collaborate with stakeholders in transdisciplinary research of Future Earth.
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Armstrong, John, and David M. Williams. "Introduction." In The Impact of Technological Change, 1–6. Liverpool University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497377.003.0001.
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The coming of the steamship was one of the great watersheds in the history of humankind. For the first time, transport could be powered independently of the elements of animal or human power. The implications were wide-ranging because the assured power of steam permitted a hitherto unprecedented degree of regularity in the scheduling of services. In turn, this regularized all sorts of commercial transactions, including personal travel, and impinged on the experience of vast swathes of the population through a new discipline of time and a broadening of horizons as the new mode of transport shortened distance and permitted the more rapid transport of goods, people and information. The lives of individuals and institutions were transformed by the coming of the steamship, first at a local level, but within decades of the first commercial voyages at regional, national, international and world levels. The steamship was the prime agent of a world economy and the globalization process. Moreover, the transformation wrought by the steamship took place in less than a century....
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Cerasi, Laura. "Attraverso il fascismo: le lingue a Ca’ Foscari da Sezione a Facoltà." In Le lingue occidentali nei 150 anni di storia di Ca’ Foscari. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-262-8/007.
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Across the inter-war period and particularly during the Fascist regime, the linguistic and literary disciplines at Ca’ Foscari developed from being one of the four sections which formed the Institute of Economic and Commercial Sciences, to being the most highly attended degree course. They eventually established themselves as an autonomous Faculty in 1954. The stages of a progressive consolidation are outlined through the cultural policy of the Fascist regime, which was not, in the first instance, inclined to support them (it favoured, rather, political sciences, classical studies, architecture, economy and law). Nevertheless, ‘Languages’ – as the budding faculty was called – succeeded in emancipating itself from its traditional ancillary functions: the training of commercial professionals, and the qualification of teachers. With the institution of the faculty, it acquired not only a formal autonomy but also a well-defined cultural profile. From the point of view of cultural history and cultural institutions, this transition achieved during the Fascist regime is, in itself, an issue worth investigating. The working hypothesis from which I set off is that linguistic and literary disciplines, precisely because they remained (in part) on the margins of the massive action of intervention and remodeling that the regime had intended to implement in the cultural field, managed to develop following their own course, while also taking advantage of different factors – from legislative measures to historical circumstances – that existed at that time.
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Tribe, Keith. "The Moral Sciences Tripos and Cambridge Political Economy." In Constructing Economic Science, 77–106. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491741.003.0004.
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The Cambridge Economics Tripos (an honours degree) was created in 1903 by detaching the teaching of economics in Cambridge from the Moral Sciences Tripos, a broad degree including logic, psychology, and politics and ethics. To understand why Alfred Marshall sought to detach the teaching of economics in this way we need to understand both the nature of this undergraduate programme of study, as well as the model that he sought to emulate: the Mathematical Tripos. This had been until mid-century the primary Cambridge qualification, and rather than a training in mathematics per se, its examination sought to foster a particular intellectual discipline. Students were trained in groups, usually by non-college private ‘coaches’, who drilled students in techniques with whose aid they might solve the questions put to them during several days of examinations. Good students became adept at the speedy selection of the appropriate technique and its application to a given problem. By contrast, the Moral Sciences Tripos was organised around the interpretation of set (canonical) books, and so did not foster this problem-solving approach.
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Kumekawa, Ian. "History and Economics." In The First Serious Optimist. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691163482.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter takes a brief look into the life and career of Arthur Cecil Pigou, as an economist and as a historical figure. Pigou lived through at least two periods of radical transition in the economic discipline. During the first, in the early 1900s, he was a pioneer, a new breed of economist who helped usher out the age of political economy and usher in that of economic science. As this new discipline spread throughout Britain, Europe, and the United States, Pigou's work was adopted as part of the new orthodoxy of economic thought that increasingly was leveraged by national governments. But in the subsequent period of transformation in the 1930s, Pigou found himself in an entirely different position. During this time, though he was an established “giant” of his field, the contours of his discipline were swiftly becoming unfamiliar to him.
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Hamerow, Helena. "Rural Centres, Trade, and Non-Agrarian Production." In Early Medieval Settlements. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199246977.003.0010.
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In contrast to the relative scarcity of publications dealing with the buildings and layouts of rural settlements, many volumes have been devoted to the development of early medieval trade and craft production (e.g. Jankuhn et al. 1981; 1983; K. Düwel et al. 1987, vols. 1–4; Hodges and Whitehouse 1983). Archaeological research into these topics has been made more fruitful—as well as more complex—by the contributions of neighbouring disciplines such as history, geography, and numismatics. It has, however, tended to focus almost exclusively on towns, monasteries, and royal centres, yet craft production, trade, and exchange also played a significant role in farming communities before and after the emergence of such specialized centres. Indeed, the rural settlements of northwest Europe were already significantly differentiated in their economies in the Migration period, suggesting a high level of socio-economic complexity several centuries earlier than has generally been supposed. The evidence now available for trade and non-agrarian production, which derives almost wholly from archaeology, calls for a thoroughgoing reassessment of when and how centralized authorities emerged in northern Europe after the collapse of the western Empire. This is particularly true for northern Germany and southern Scandinavia, where early state formation has conventionally been dated to the late Viking period. Research into state formation has in the past focused on the origins of towns and market centres, the latter usually seen as arising from participation in long-distance trade which was controlled by kings or magnates. Yet, several centuries before there were kings or towns in northern Europe, rural settlements emerged which point to a degree of political centralization. This chapter considers the evidence for these rural centres and the role of non-agrarian production and exchange in rural settlements generally: what was the scale and context of the production, distribution, and consumption of non-agrarian goods? Who controlled these activities, and how, if at all, did the long-distance trade networks which fuelled the nascent towns of Merovingian and Viking Age Europe affect the economies of the communities which lay in their hinterlands?
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Dyer, Christopher. "Family and household." In Peasants Making History, 113—C5.P73. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847212.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter looks at households, which typically consisted of parents and children, amounting often to between four and six members, but variants could include siblings or members of the older generation, or unrelated individuals, most often servants. The inhabitants, or at least the head of the household, decided on the design of houses, which provided a varying degree of comfort. The character of family life depended on the norms and expectations of the church and the adult male heads of households. Expectations of discipline and hierarchy were designed to provide enough labour from household members, and to secure an orderly succession of property.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Economic History"
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Barbero, Silvia. "Opportunities and challenges in teaching Systemic Design. The evoluation of the Open Systems master courses at Politecnico di Torino." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3353.
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The contamination between design and theory of systems as a field of development of new design processes is nowadays consolidated. However, the issue concerning the methodology to apply in teaching systemic design remains an open question. The approach adopted in the Master Degree in Systemic Design at Politecnico di Torino is based on the assumption that the teaching method must itself be systemic. Alongside designers, the degree course has involved from the very beginning experts of different disciplines (i.e. chemistry, physics, mechanics, history, economy and management) as teachers, in order to create a multidisciplinary environment for the development of projects. Born as master degree in academic year 2002-03 at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) from the close collaboration with Gunter Pauli, the course has changed name and form but not the content, until it reached the current title (a.y. 2015-16): master degree “Aurelio Peccei” in Systemic Design. The Open Systems course has enabled students, in previous years, to experiment the design of production processes. This was the case of the systemic project done with NN Europe, a company engaged in manufacturing ball bearings, in which the output management allows a positive economic impact. Over the years the course has shifted its focus from the production process of a product to the wider company context. In 2010, the approach has been applied to the agricultural enterprise Ortofruit: starting from agricultural production, the students have defined the production system and the relationships with the market. Systemic Design, during this course, has experienced the transition from the design of industrial processes that are closely linked to the territory, and then enhance local resources, to the design of the whole territorial system. The work done by the students of the course in recent years has led to the definition of scenarios about fields usually distant from the traditional design world. For example, the definition of the economic model, the corporate model that is built around relationships on cooperation with different disciplines.This transition, from the product to the entire territorial system, allows the exploration of new contexts, but it also puts the designer in a complex and challenging position in according with complex theories.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3353
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Paroushev, Zhivko. "THE DISCIPLINE "ETHNO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPE STUDIES" IN THE MASTER-DEGREE CURRICULUM OF THE SPECIALTY "INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS" IN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS - VARNA." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.90.
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There are presented the essence, basic terminology, methodology and scientific perimeter of the discipline "Ethno-cultural landscape studies". By use of a brief historic overview, there is traced the development of the cultural landscape as a scientific notion from its onset to present times. Regulatory postulates of UNESCO are taken into consideration, which explain the meaning of the terms "tradition", "intangible cultural heritage" and "cultural landscape". There are also summed up the practical and applied benefits from studying the discipline: a model for making an ethno-cultural landscape profile of the tourist site as a ground for creating unique tourist products based on traditional culture and turning folklore rituality into a generator of touristic plots.
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Пожилов, Д. М. "Modern Methods of Distance Teaching of Socio-Economic Reforms (on the example of Privatization in the Subject «History»)." In Современное образование: векторы развития. Роль социально-гуманитарного знания в подготовке педагога: материалы V международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 27 апреля – 25 мая 2020 г.). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2020.60.45.055.
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в статье рассматриваются современные методы дистанционного подхода к преподаванию истории на примере темы «Приватизация». Автор рассматривает платформы МООК и Stepik как дополнительную возможность в изучении приватизационного периода в рамках дисциплины «История», оценивает пользу дистанционных платформ для поддержки основного курса. the paper deals with modern methods of remote approach to history teaching by the example of privatization. The author considers such platforms as MOOK and Stepik as additional opportunity in studying privatization period within the framework of «History» discipline. He assesses the usefulness of distance platforms in supporting the core course.
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Hadžić, Faruk, and Nebojša Savanović. "FISCAL POLICY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - AN INSTRUMENT FOR FASTER GROWTH OR ECONOMIC STAGNATION?" In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0008.
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The paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth, foreign direct investment and employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus of research is fiscal policy, which as a lever of economic policy that affects economic growth and development. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of fiscal policy on the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and propose solutions for higher growth and development, a higher degree of foreign direct investment and reducing the unemployment rate. The results of the research show that the fiscal policy for the years that are the subject of the research, has affected the public debt of the state. High taxes and contributions have contributed to the spread of the gray economy, fiscal discipline is at a low level due to the management in this way of this lever of economic policy. Public financial management should be one of the key macroeconomic goals, with special emphasis on fiscal policy. The research went in the direction of analyzing current trends and proposals for improving the situation. The research aims to show the current statistical impact of variables on gross domestic product, on growth and development and the impact after the application of expansionary fiscal policy on the same variables. It is recommended that economic policy be conducted in the direction of releasing additional funds through the redistribution of taxes in favor of workers, in the direction of capital investments that will repay themselves, to reduce the rate of taxes and contributions on wages and with incentives for investors, to go towards stimulating production and tax reliefs for export-oriented activities with an effort to try to produce products whose production is possible in our conditions, and all this is mostly possible with the implementation of an expansive fiscal policy.
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Foo, Farren Kaylyn, and Derric Shen Chien Ong. "Advance Injection Strategy Optimization: Maximize Benefit-Cost Ratio by Integration of Economic Spreadsheet in Excel to Assisted History Matching Using Python Scripting." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207955-ms.
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Abstract Oil prices see large fluctuations peculiarly over the last eight years due to natural disasters, political instability, and Covid-19 pandemic shock. These prompt to anxiety towards expenditure in planning and forecasting of a field development plan (FDP). Economic optimization of a reservoir under water drive can be extremely tedious and time consuming especially for complex field. Traditionally, upon completion of forecast optimization on fluid production, reservoir engineer willhand over the reservoir models to petroleum economist for economical evaluation. If the chosen development strategy is not economically viable, the model strategies will have to be updated, and continue the repetition of financial evaluation all over again. Hence, this paper established an automated workflow that diminished the dilemma on iterations obligation between simulation runs and financial reviews in searching for most efficient waterflooding strategy. The automated workflow is accomplished by bridging three tools together seamlessly utilizing python scripting. These include the cash flow economic spreadsheet model, the dynamic simulator, and an assisted uncertainty analysis tool. The process first started with defining the economic parameters such as OPEX, CAPEX, oil price, taxes, discounted rates, and other financial parameters on an annual basis in spreadsheet. The uncertainty parameters: water injection rate, maximum water cut, and injection duration will be evaluated during forecast optimization to produce project efficiency indexes: Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). This integration was achieved by python script that automatically creates a coding path which exchanges simulation production and economic spreadsheet data at every simulation time step and each development strategy, that require no manual intervention. The integrated economic-dynamic model workflow has successfully applied on West Malaysian field and Olympus model, a development strategy that maximize oil recovery without neglecting cost of water disposal, storage for total water produced from the reservoir. This paper successfully identified the most efficient waterflooding strategy and production constraints for each well using BCR as objective function for optimization. The optimum development scenario does have a BCR which is more than 2 which show that investment on that particular development strategy is profitable. The results also demonstrated a crucial impression that the highest oil cumulative production may not results in high BCR due to cost involvement in resolving water production and field maintenance services. This paper outlined the methodology, python scripting codes, and how integration automation works that successfully optimized an injection strategy in a development project using economic model from third-party application. The results of this automated workflow demonstrate a successful utilization of new technologies and simple customize programming knowledge that promote cross-discipline integration for enhanced work-time efficiencies in problem solving that is suitable for all reservoir model type to determine its success rate and economic viability during FDP.
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Пожилов, Д. М. "The reflection of socio-economic reforms of the 90s in the Russian Federation in the educational literature on the discipline of "History" for pupils and students of non-historical areas of training." In Современное социально-гуманитарное образование: векторы развития в год науки и технологий: материалы VI международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 22–23 апреля 2021 г.). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2021.59.19.055.
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последствия реформ 1990-х гг. в России невозможно не затронуть при анализе темы «Приватизация» в контексте образовательного процесса. Эта информация поможет сформировать правильный социально-экономический взгляд на процессы в обществе того времени. С точки зрения политических и идеологических характеристик, приватизация стала официальной политикой, осуществляемой на основе утвержденной стратегии, разработанного законодательства, под воздействием определенных политических интересов и субъектов. Официально провозглашенные цели приватизации находились в рамках национальных интересов России, а механизмы ее проведения сохраняли видимость социальной справедливости при разделе государственной собственности. it is impossible not to touch upon the consequences of the reforms of the 1990s in Russia when analyzing the topic "Privatization" in the context of the educational process. This information will help to form a correct socio-economic view of the processes in society at that time. In terms of political and ideological characteristics, privatization became an official policy, carried out based on an approved strategy, developed legislation, under the influence of certain political interests and actors. Officially proclaimed goals of privatization were within the national interests of Russia, and the mechanisms of its implementation preserved the appearance of social justice in the division of state property.
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Dartnall, W. John. "A General Approach for Introducing Materials Handling Topics in a Mechanical Engineering Degree Course." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82004.
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This paper outlines the development of the teaching materials for an introductory lecture/chapter in a single semester final-year materials handling course for undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical engineers. The study of materials handling equipment and processes primarily involves the application of mechanical engineering design principles emanating from the mechanics of machine elements, structures, thermo-fluids and particle mechanics. The detail topics of our course are from two main areas: • Bulk materials handling by screw, bucket and belt conveyors as well as pneumatic and hydraulic conveyors. • Unit (discrete) materials handling of artifacts and manufactured (packaged) products. For undergraduate and early postgraduate students, we utilize this course to provide an opportunity for students to amalgamate and integrate their engineering knowledge and experiences, and solve complex, real world problems of the materials handling industries. Although the students are mostly fresh from their engineering sciences and hence have skills at applying basic principles, many have little or no practical experience in the materials handling industries. For this reason we start by discussing the significance of the industry and expose them to that fact that these industries have historically expanded from simple (manual) handling to large scale mechanical handling of goods and bulk solids. The particle mechanics aspect of the bulk handling component of the course is relatively unfamiliar to the students. For this reason, after giving our brief history and socio-economic perspective of the materials handling industry, we emphasize general principles related to the handling of particulate solids. We differentiate between design approaches where designers work from basic mechanics and the common empirical design procedures often outlined by manufacturers.
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Ceravolo, R. "Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Preservation of Some Iconic Concrete Structures of the 20th Century." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0054.
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<p>Great architects and structural engineers such as Berg (1870-1947), Maillart (1872-1940), Freyssinet (1879- 1962), Torroja (1899 -1961), Nervi (1891-1979), Candela (1910-1997), Isler (1926-2009) and many others have designed recognized works of art in their discipline. They conceived extraordinary concrete spatial structures, that are located mostly in Europe and represent a unique legacy. It is important to raise awareness of this heritage, define the criteria for preserving it and begin the process of its renovation and rehabilitation.</p> <p>While concrete has become a 20th century emblem, much of the world’s heritage from this period is unrecognized or undervalued, and therefore it is at risk and in need of analysis and protection. Innovative technologies and solutions are needed that contribute to the successful reuse of modern concrete built heritage. Indeed, such structures are plagued by significant deterioration and most of them are in urgent need of retrofitting and/or radical refurbishment. In other words, there is a need to bring some of these buildings back to life, while respecting the spirit of their original characters, through new technologies for long-term conservation that can maintain an adequate level of structural performance. Achieving this goal would produce substantial economic impacts through activities such as restoration, maintenance, and cultural industry.</p> <p>The keynote lecture, more specifically, focuses on the condition assessment, monitoring and preservation of 20th century architectural heritage characterized by a complex spatial structural design. The service life of civil and cultural heritage concrete spatial structures is typically thought to range from 10 to 200 years, but in practice the service environment plays a pivotal role in sustained durability. Indeed, the collapse of Polcevera Viaduct in Genoa has raised strong concerns on the durability of concrete structures conceived at that time. The scientific community has once again underlined the important role played by maintenance and continuous structural health monitoring in avoiding these disastrous events. In order to demonstrate a correct approach to condition monitoring of concrete spatial buildings and bridges, some important experiences are described that were recently obtained at the Polytechnic of Turin on the structural analysis, seismic vulnerability and condition assessment for iconic 20th century heritage buildings.</p>
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Contin, Antonella, and Valentina Galiulo. "What is the quality of a city? Ways of thinking spaces that change." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pjow6960.
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Understanding the effects of a metropolis' changes in scale - the rate of growth and its speed - rather than pursuing the search for optimal city size, is mandatory. The New Urban Agenda discussed performance dimensions of the contemporary city’s functioning mode, knowing that place quality derives from a mutual effect with the society that uses it. However, our research focuses on how city performance dimensions can be measured to establish the values of the metropolitan form that are capable of endowing metropolitan projects with meaning. The Metropolitan Paradigm of inter-scalar connection and the Metropolitan Architecture Project Hybrid Typology are the references to measure the metropolis’ performance. The Metropolitan Paradigm concerns the five city dimensions: physical, economic, energetic, social and governance. In particular, the aim of the paper is to study the physical metropolitan framework and its impact on the lives of metropolitan inhabitants, socio-economic flows and the meaning of the concept of "environment" today. The city is still analysed as a spatial phenomenon represented by data/quantities related to space. Nevertheless, the value of form plays a fundamental role within the Metropolitan Discipline at all scales, as spatial relationships within metropolitan settlements are increasingly not metric but relational. In conclusion, we study the connection between history and geography, environmental issues, the Metropolitan Structural Paradigm, and the new Public Realm heterogeneous elements to represent the metropolitan quality and living-related values that constitute the Metropolitan Democracy’s opportunity.
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Camporeale, Antonio. "Plastic City/Elastic City: A Critical Interpretation of Urban Transformations." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6194.
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Globalization phenomenon caused effects that profoundly reduced the variety of reality, involving cultural, social and economic diversities, once recognizable and also identifiable through the study of architecture as a collective product of a civil community. In this context, architecture, as built and anthropic reality, suffered the shots of a revolution that has produced osmosis, hybridisation, contamination, both diatopic that diachronic, now became synchronic and syntopic phenomena. Actually, you can find / read common characters in the substrate, first typological then material, which, if critically interpreted, could indicate a possible and alternative way out of this apparent chaotic condition. In my opinion, following the consolidated basis of a theoretical and cultural heritage that has provided tools for critical reading of urban transformations, it is possible to distinguish two types of processes, usually traceable in cities. In order to rich this goal, I used the tools of the mechanical building discipline that identify: ‘elastic’ and ‘plastic’ transformations. The ‘elastic’ transformation produces ‘elastic cities’ because, at the end of the sustained stresses, the final configuration not change, instead the ‘plastic’ one produces ‘plastic cities’ when, at the end of the sustained stresses, the final configuration is not coincided with the initial one. These considerations / critical notes are the beginning of a research that, in my opinion, could offer inedited developments, both in the recognition of an unusual history of architecture, closer to his material essence, either as design and project tools, coherent with new consolidated environments.