Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Ecological Restoration'
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1
Gross, Matthias. "New Natures and Old Science." Science & Technology Studies 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55143.
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Ecological restoration is a growing field in many parts of the world. Although it started as a field of practitioners in the Midwest of the USA, restoration is currently growing rapidly as an academic discipline. In this paper the development of ecological restoration is discussed by relating it to the propagated Mode 2 for the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies, that is, the shift from traditional discipline- based research (Mode 1) to a problem-solving and transdisciplinary form of science (Mode 2). It is argued that ecological restoration as understood here at times includes the elements that have been claimed to indicate a Mode 2 form of science, but the historical extrapolation of the development of restoration discloses a social shifting of boundaries back-and-forth on an ongoing recursive loop between the two forms of science. This suggests a recursive interdependence between the two Modes, including phases of ‘re-traditionalization’ back to Mode 1, rather than a general replacement of discipline-based research.
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E. M. Watson, James. "Ecological Restoration: Principles, Values, and Structure of an Emerging Profession." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 4 (2009): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090277.
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The field of ecological restoration is a rapidly growing discipline that encompasses a wide range of activities and brings together practitioners and theoreticians from a variety of backgrounds and perspectives. This textbook is part of the Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration Book Series which is intended to serve a broad audience of people who are active in the field of ecological restoration or have specialized interests in it. In the authors? own words, this book aims to move beyond the past twelve volumes in the series and create a unified vision of ecological restoration as a field of study, one that clearly states the discipline?s precepts and emphasizes issues of importance to those involved at all levels. In doing this, the authors fundamentally aim to embrace a wider, holistic definition that takes into account both environmental and social components.
3
E. M. Watson, James. "Ecological Restoration: Principles, Values, and Structure of an Emerging Profession." Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 3 (2010): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100208.
Full textAbstract:
The field of ecological restoration is a rapidly growing discipline that encompasses a wide range of activities and brings together practitioners and theoreticians from a variety of backgrounds and perspectives. This textbook is part of the Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration Book Series which is intended to serve a broad audience of people who are active in the field of ecological restoration or have specialized interests in it. In the authors? own words, this book aims to move beyond the past twelve volumes in the series and create a unified vision of ecological restoration as a field of study, one that clearly states the discipline?s precepts and emphasizes issues of importance to those involved at all levels. In doing this, the authors of book fundamentally aim to embrace a wider, holistic definition that takes into account both environmental and social components.
4
Huang, Yanyan. "Destruction process and restoration countermeasures of the ecological environment of a comprehensive geological structure." Earth Sciences Research Journal 24, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n4.92387.
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Aiming at the destruction of the ecological environment of the comprehensive geological structure, the traditional restoration countermeasures have the problems of high input cost and low economic benefits. For this reason, the ecological environment destruction process and restoration countermeasures of the comprehensive geological structure were proposed. The common geological structure characteristics and the impact of activities on the ecological environment in the mining area were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, an evaluation system for the degree of damage to the ecological environment by mining activities was constructed. According to the expert scoring method, a rating standard was developed to measure the degree of damage to the ecological environment. Depending on the degree of damage, appropriate recovery measures were formulated. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional restoration countermeasures, considering the destruction of the ecological environment during the mining process of comprehensive geological structures, the proposed restoration countermeasures have the advantages of low cost and high economic benefits.
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Liu, Guobo, Quanqin Shao, Jiangwen Fan, Haibo Huang, Jiyuan Liu, and Jianfeng He. "Assessment of Restoration Degree and Restoration Potential of Key Ecosystem-Regulating Services in the Three-River Headwaters Region Based on Vegetation Coverage." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020523.
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The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) is an important part of the ecological security barrier of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China. Twenty years after the implementation of the TRHR ecological protection and construction project, the restoration degree and restoration potential of its major ecosystem services still lack clear quantification. In this paper, taking the core area of the nature reserve as the climax background of the TRHR zonal ecosystem, based on the multiple regression analysis (MLR) and model parameter control method based on the eco-geographical area, ecosystem types, and climate factors; the climax background, restoration degree, and restoration potential of TRHR’s water retention (WR), soil retention (SR), and windbreak and sand fixation (WD) services were quantitatively researched. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The evaluation method of climax background, restoration degree, and restoration potential based on fractional vegetation cover (FVC) can accurately quantify the regional differences of the restoration degree and restoration potential of TRHR’s key ecosystem-regulating services. The restoration degree and restoration potential of WR and SR services showed a spatial pattern of high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and the restoration degree and restoration potential of WD services showed a spatial pattern of high in the west and low in the east, which was closely related to natural conditions such as precipitation and wind speed. (2) The proportion of restoration potential to climax background for WR, SR, and WD services were 48.38%, 62.15%, and 56.37%, respectively. (3) The implementation of the TRHR ecological project in the future should focus on the vicinity of the 400 mm dry and wet zone dividing line, as well as in the southeastern mountains, hills, and river valleys, to carry out degraded vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation measures to improve ecosystem services. Near-natural restoration measures should be considered in Zhiduo and Geermu in the western part of the TRHR, where wind erosion is high, and the restoration goals of ecological projects should be formulated in combination with local climatic conditions and restoration potential.
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Li, Xinhui, Shaogang Lei, Feng Liu, and Weizhong Wang. "Analysis of Plant and Soil Restoration Process and Degree of Refuse Dumps in Open-Pit Coal Mining Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061975.
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Vegetation and soil restoration are the key to ecological reconstruction in the damaged areas of open-pit coal mining areas. Ecological stability is an important indicator of the degree of ecological restoration. In this study, the ecological stability and the process of plant and soil restoration were investigated at different refuse dumps in three coal mines, namely, the Wulanhada (WLHD) coal mine, the Liulingou (LLG) coal mine, and the Jinzhengtai (JZT) coal mine, in Jungar Banner. Results show that organic matter, total N, available N, and available K increased with the increase in restoration age at the two coal mines of WLHD and LLG. In the JZT coal mine, organic matter, total N, and available K firstly increased, and then slightly decreased with the increase in restoration age. The redundancy analysis indicates that most reclaimed mine soil properties (including soil moisture content, organic matter, total N, and available K) are positively correlated with plant species diversity in the three coal mines, while soil pH and soil bulk density showed a negative correlation with plant species diversity. Plant parameters increased with the years since revegetation, except the Pielou index for the WLHD coal mine, and the Pielou and Margalef indexes for the JZT coal mine. The Euclidean distance between the restoration areas and the natural reference areas decreased with the increase in restoration age. Our findings suggest that, in the three coal mines, the change law of ecological stability conformed to the logistic succession model. The same degree of ecological stability in different refuse dumps may correspond to different degrees of vegetation and soil development. This study emphasizes that ecological restoration in mining areas could benefit the structure of the plant community and the recovery of soil properties, which would eventually improve the ecological stability of coal mining areas.
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Shi, Xiaoliang, Xinyue Zhang, Shuaiyu Lu, Tielong Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Yuanpeng Liang, and Jifeng Deng. "Dryland Ecological Restoration Research Dynamics: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Web of Science Data." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169843.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research on ecological restoration mainly includes three fields: water ecology, soil ecology, and atmospheric ecology, and the most abundant is in the field of soil ecology, among which the most abundant is in dryland ecological restoration. Research on dryland ecological restoration is very important in ensuring national food security, ecological security, and preventing a return to poverty. However, the previous research results do not clearly present the interconnection between the huge number of existing dryland ecological restoration studies and do not provide a three-dimensional understanding of the whole picture of dryland ecological restoration research from a broader perspective. Research on dryland ecological restoration has received wide attention from scholars at home and abroad, revealing the international research trends in the current field, which will provide a reference for the theory and practice of future dryland ecological restoration research. Using the SCI-E and SSCI databases of the “Web of Science Core Collection” as sample data sources and using CiteSpace optical measurement software, the 2254 literature in the field of international dryland ecological restoration research were systematically analyzed to track the situation and impact of research in this field by countries around the world, scientific research institutions and significant authors, and to analyze the interdisciplinary and research hotspots in this field, which is of great significance for the follow-up research of dryland ecological restoration. The research results show that: (1) The number of publications in international dryland ecological restoration has increased significantly with years and has strong development potential. (2) Journals representing the research frontier have an intense concentration with various journals. (3) The study of dryland ecological restoration belongs to a highly interdisciplinary discipline, while the two disciplines of ecology and environmental science are the pivot nodes of multidisciplinary disciplines. (4) China’s posts and total citations are among the best, but the average citation is low. (5) Dryland ecological restoration and protection is a hot research field at present, and special attention is paid to the dynamic changes and key driving factors of dryland ecological restoration and the full use of machine learning and extensive data mining to solve complex social-ecological problems. The study recommends that related disciplines must strengthen cooperation in the field of dryland ecological restoration, especially the two disciplines of ecology and environmental science, in order to promote the progress of dryland ecological restoration research theory and practice. China should continue to strengthen the investment of scientific research forces to improve the international influence of research in the field of dryland ecological restoration.
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Keulartz, Jozef. "The Emergence of Enlightened Anthropocentrism in Ecological Restoration." Nature and Culture 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2012.070104.
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Over the past decade a shift can be noticed from ecological restoration to ecological design, where ecological design stands for a technocratic approach that courts hubris and mastery rather than humility and self-restraint. Following Eric Higgs, this shift can be seen as a “hyperactive and heedless response“ to global environmental change, especially climate change. The new technocratic approach may be best characterized as enlightened (or prudential) anthropocentrism, where nature is only allowed that degree of agency which is required to deliver the services that are essential for human well-being. It is not only questionable if we have the scientific and technical abilities to purposeful design ecosystems that will serve our needs, but also if the new approach will be sufficient to protect biodiversity in the long run.
9
Mo, Jianfei, Yanli Chen, Weihua Mo, and Yue Zhang. "Realization and Prediction of Ecological Restoration Potential of Vegetation in Karst Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912525.
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Based on the vegetation ecological quality index retrieved by satellite remote sensing in the karst areas of Guangxi in 2000–2019, the status of the ecological restoration of the vegetation and the influencing factors of the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation were analyzed. Then, habitats with a similar ecological restoration potential were categorized and the maximum ecological restoration potential of the vegetation was estimated. Finally, realization and prediction models of the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation were constructed to evaluate the realization degree and provide predictions. The quality of the ecological restoration was good in the study region, and the vegetation ecological quality index showed a fluctuating increasing trend. In the study region, 96.25%, 92.92%, 97.14%, and 99.07% of the total area was shown to have good ecological quality of the vegetation in 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019, respectively. Terrain, soil, vegetation types, and climatic conditions had significant impacts on the ecological restoration of the vegetation. With the increase in the soil sand content, the changes in the vegetation ecological quality indexes were significant at altitudes of 200 m, 400 m, and 800 m and slopes of 15°, 25°, and 35°. The ecological restoration potential was the highest for forests, peaking at 87.5, followed by shrubs and grasses (87.4), and farmland (85.4). The partial and multiple correlations of the temperature, precipitation, and vegetation ecological quality index were significant, and the climate driving zones were divided into the strong driving zone of temperature and precipitation, temperature-dominated driving zone, precipitation-dominated driving zone, weak driving zone of temperature and precipitation, and non-climate driving zone. There was a high realization of the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation. The vegetation ecological quality in 97.95% of the area was restored, of which regions classified as maintaining growth, having slow growth, and having rapid growth accounted for 79.73%, 18.09%, and 0.13%, respectively, indicating that projects of rocky desertification control and ecological poverty alleviation were well implemented. In the future, the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation is predicted to be mainly low and medium. The areas with low potential are predicted to be mainly distributed in the north and southeast of Hechi, the northwest of Baise, and the west of Chongzuo, where the vegetation ecological quality and ecological restoration of the vegetation are predicted to be good, thus the restoration gap is predicted to be small. The areas with medium potential are predicted to be mainly distributed in the south of Hechi, the south of Baise, and the north of Chongzuo, where the vegetation ecological quality was restored well but further restoration could be beneficial. This research can provide technical support for future evaluations of the ecological restoration of vegetation, as well as construction, in the karst areas in the future.
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Cao, Xiufeng, Zhaoshun Liu, Shujie Li, and Zhenjun Gao. "Integrating the Ecological Security Pattern and the PLUS Model to Assess the Effects of Regional Ecological Restoration: A Case Study of Hefei City, Anhui Province." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 29, 2022): 6640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116640.
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Most studies in the field of ecological restoration have only focused on repairing damaged land and have made no attempt to account for the impact of high-intensity land use on future landscape patterns. The purpose of this study was to propose a framework for evaluating the expected effects of ecological restoration based on land-use change and the ecological security pattern. Therefore, we integrated the PLUS model with the ecological security pattern and used Hefei City as a case study to conduct research. The results showed that from 2020 to 2030, land-use changes would occur primarily in the main urban area of Hefei and along the eastern shore of the Chaohu Lake watershed. Under the ecological protection scenario, arable land would be converted to construction land and woodland. Additionally, there would be an increase in ecological sources and pinch points in the area, and the number and area of the barriers would show a certain degree of reduction. The ecosystem quality, ecological integrity, and landscape connectivity of Hefei would be improved. This study offers a novel perspective for evaluating the expected effects of regional ecological restoration and provides an important reference for the dynamic formulation of multilevel ecological restoration policies.
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Liu, Shuchao, Quanqin Shao, Jia Ning, Linan Niu, Xiongyi Zhang, Guobo Liu, and Haibo Huang. "Remote-Sensing-Based Assessment of the Ecological Restoration Degree and Restoration Potential of Ecosystems in the Upper Yellow River over the Past 20 Years." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153550.
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The Upper Yellow River is the most important area for water retention and flow production in the Yellow River basin, and the statuses of the ecosystems in this region are related to the ecological stability of the whole Yellow River basin. In this paper, the fractional vegetation cover (FVC), net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation and water retention, soil retention, and windbreak and sand fixation services of the Upper Yellow River ecosystems were analysed from 2000 to 2019 with the trend analysis method. Ecological restoration degree evaluation indices were constructed to comprehensively assess the ecological restoration situation and restoration potential of the ecosystems in the Upper Yellow River region over the past 20 years and to quantitatively determine the contribution rates of climate factors and human activities to these ecosystem changes. The results showed that the settlement ecosystem area exhibited the greatest increase, while the grassland ecosystem area decreased significantly over the study period. In the Upper Yellow River region, the ecosystem quality and ecosystem services generally remained stable or improved. Areas with moderately, strongly and extremely improved ecological restoration degrees accounted for 32.9%, 21.0% and 2.8% of the entire Upper Yellow River region, respectively. Areas with strongly improved and extremely improved ecological restoration degrees were mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau gully areas and on the eastern Hetao Plain. The contribution rates of climatic factors and human activities to the NPP changes measured in the Upper Yellow River were 81.6% and 18.4%, respectively, while the contribution rates of these processes to soil erosion modulus changes were 77.6% and 22.4%, respectively. The restoration potential index of the FVC in the Upper Yellow River was 22.7%; that of the forest vegetation coverage was 14.4%; and that of the grassland vegetation coverage was 23.0%. Over the past 20 years, the ecosystems in the Upper Yellow River region have improved and recovered significantly. This study can provide scientific support for the next stage of ecological projects in the Upper Yellow River region.
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Liu, Wei Feng, Shu Xia Zhang, Wei Liu, and Ling Ling Zhou. "Study of Ecological Environment on Assessment Model of Ecosystem Damage Caused by Oil Spill in Ocean." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.392.
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An ecosystem damage assessment model is built in the paper based on the features of marine ecosystem service damages caused by oil spill and traits of ecosystem service after restoration. The ecosystem damages caused by oil spill are mainly reflected in the following six services, namely, the fishery resource supply, gas regulation, waste disposal, disaster defense, entertainment and biodiversity conservation as well as the restoration expense of respective damage. The damage degree of oil spill to each service of marine ecosystem differs, and the recovery time and speed of respective service also vary. According to the change of service value after being damaged, the damage amount of each service is expressed as an integral function of original value, damage degree and recovery speed. Based on the natures and features of each assessment indicators, the method of environmental economics which can judge its original value is selected, and the ecological scale which can measure the damage degree and recovery speed is determined. Expense statistics method is adopted to monetize ecological restoration indicators.
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Cai, Feng, Zhinan Hu, Beihan Jiang, Weifang Ruan, Shujuan Cai, and Huiling Zou. "Ecological Health Assessment with the Combination Weight Method for the River Reach after the Retirement and Renovation of Small Hydropower Stations." Water 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020355.
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This study aimed to effectively evaluate the ecological restoration of the river reach where a small hydropower station was retired or renovated. An ecological health index system was constructed based on the environmental characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the small hydropower station after its retirement and renovation. Based on the combination weighting concept of game theory, the combination weights were obtained by the comprehensive analytic hierarchy process (subjective weight) and entropy method (objective weight). This ecological health assessment with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was applied to assess the health status of Shimen (dam removal) and Changqiao (renovation in ecological flow) reaches of the Tufang River in Changting County, China. The results showed that the ecological health assessment index system proposed in this study was comprehensive and reasonable, and the revision degree of the hydropower station obviously influenced the process of ecological river restoration. The findings from this study would benefit for the rational utilization of water resources and the river ecological health maintenance in mountainous areas.
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Ma, Qianwei, and Yanxia Yang. "Analysis of Ecological Environment Evaluation and Coupled and Coordinated Development of Smart Cities Based on Multisource Data." Journal of Sensors 2022 (March 24, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5959495.
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In order to further enhance the ecological environment construction of smart cities and promote its deep integration with advanced technologies, such as the new generation of artificial intelligence and big data, this study constructs a data fusion framework for the ecological environment of smart cities driven by multisource data and constructs an ecological environment evaluation index system of smart cities in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2018. The ecological environment status of smart cities in Guangzhou is analyzed by principal component analysis, and finally the, correlation influence degree of each principal component content on the ecological environment index of smart cities is analyzed. The results show that environmental excellence ( K 1 ), environmental restoration response ( K 2 ), and environmental pollution pressure ( K 3 ) are the main components of the ecological environment in Guangzhou smart city. The environmental excellence and environmental restoration response level are relatively high, and the environmental pressure system is relatively low, in which the greenland coverage rate increases from 41.3% to 44.0%, and the urban sewage treatment rate and the decontamination rate of urban refuse increase year by year, from 73.1% to 94.6% and from 72.1% to 99.9%, respectively. The results of principal component correlation analysis show that there are interactive influences among environmental excellence ( K 1 ), environmental restoration response (K2), and environmental pollution pressure ( K 3 ). The ecological environment index of smart cities increases with the improvement of environmental excellence and environmental restoration response capacity, but gradually decreases with the increase of environmental pollution pressure. Generally speaking, improving environmental excellence and environmental restoration response will be the key to improve the ecological environment construction capacity of smart cities in the future.
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Luo, Xiyu, Yuqi Yuan, and Yiyuan Tang. "Study on the impact of Saihan Dam ecosystem on Beijing ecology." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (July 7, 2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v5i.722.
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In order to study the impact of Saihan Dam ecology on Beijing ecology, this paper establishes TOPSIS model based on entropy method. The model establishes the evaluation index system of ecological environment sand damage degree, analyzes the factors causing sand damage. Finally, through the given data, the differences before and after the restoration of the ecological environment of Saihan Dam are compared, as well as the impact on the climate and ecological environment of Beijing.
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Hirsch, Shana L. "Anticipatory practices: Shifting baselines and environmental imaginaries of ecological restoration in the Columbia River Basin." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619857523.
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Ecological restorationists working to restore species and habitats must make decisions about how to monitor the effectiveness of their actions. In order to do this, they must determine historical baselines for populations by measuring and monitoring reference habitat sites: analog ecological systems that act as controls for comparison. Yet as climate change alters what is possible in terms of habitat restoration, drawing baselines for recovery has become fraught with difficulty. This article examines the epistemic and legal practices of baseline-setting in the case of the Columbia River Basin as well as the ways that ecological restorationists are dealing with the shifting baselines of a climate-changed river. Restorationists do this by altering their epistemic practices, using trained judgment and establishing alternative, anticipatory baselines. While the field of restoration was born out of the idea that environmental repair was about looking to the past, the discipline has transformed to look forward and even to anticipate the future. One way that this is occurring is through re-thinking baselines to reflect emerging environmental and sociotechnical imaginaries, which are enacted through epistemic practice. Anticipatory practices such as baseline-setting help sensitize the field of restoration ecology to the future, while at the same time facilitating the emergence of ideas that will enable scientifically based decision-making to continue to occur within a high level of uncertainty.
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Hao, Yingli, Wenjing Han, and Qingrui Ke. "Evaluation Model of Ecological Environment of Saihan Dam." Learning & Education 10, no. 5 (March 13, 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i5.2755.
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Aiming at the evaluation of the impact of Saihan dam on ecological environment construction, this paper selects several
representative indicators to evaluate the ecological environment through the ECCI evaluation system, and judges the impact
degree of Saihan dam by establishing the relevant model of the impact of Saihan dam on ecological environment construction.
Based on the existing evaluation system of ecological civilization construction in China, by collecting various data and consulting
relevant literature, three categories and seven indicators with great correlation before and after the restoration of Saihan dam are
selected, and the judgment matrix is constructed by analytic hierarchy process, so as to obtain the weight value of each index. The
factor analysis is carried out by constructing the matrix, and the vector is normalized, The consistency is used to test the indicators,
and then the data before and after the restoration of Saihan dam are substituted for comparative analysis.
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Poláková, Miluše. "The ecological restoration and the development of succession in biocentre Hráza near Kroměříž." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 5 (2009): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957050251.
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A restoration ecology is a branch and also possible approach to the protections of both nature and landscape which completes the conservative trends (conservation biology). An ecological restoration is a practical application of this branch which can be used in the restoration of ecosystems, coenoses, populations or sites disturbed or damaged by human impact.An ecological restoration offers the interesting alternatives to technical reclamations of the localities disturbed by mining. It exploits the natural processes (mainly controlled and spontaneous successions) respecting the development of coenoses adequate to the locality. The degree of man assistance in restoration process can be different in accordance to many factors, such as origin of disturbance, time factor of restoration, costs, surroundings of the locality (ecological stability, species pool), estimated resulting dependability, sustainability of final coenoses, future function of the area, etc.The local biocentre Hráza near Kroměříž was established based on the restoration project c. 12 years ago in exhausted gravel-sand pit. Some processes of ecological restoration were used there, predominantly a controlled succession – sowing of meadow plant species and plant transfer. Also regular management and monitoring were initiated. The results of monitoring of meadow phytocoenoses are presented in this paper. The inventory of plant species, abundance (according to Braun-Blanquet’s scale) have been observed on the sample plots (established within the frame of controlled succession) during the years 2002 – 2009 (here the years 2002 and 2007 are compared). The abundance data of plant species in wetlands phytocoenoses from the same years are also compared. The inventory of forest phytocoenoses has been undertaken in the years 2006 and 2009. The monitoring enables us to rate the general success of the project, the realized achievements of (mainly) controlled succession and the regular management. The paper evaluates the complex development of the locality, warns the negative aspects and brings the recommendations for subsequent management.
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Jiang, Yongbo, Xiaoyi Xu, Wei Wu, Bin Wang, Yidong Sun, Xiaobin Chen, Zhengdong Shen, and Tianyin Huang. "Analysis on the effect of large-scale compound ecological engineering system on pollution control of the estuary of a lake." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 11, no. 4 (October 21, 2021): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.159.
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Abstract The quality of the water and the water environment in the estuary of a lake directly affect the water quality and ecological functions of the entire lake. Multi-technology systems, which integrate biotechnological analysis of a lake estuary and restoration of the ecological functions of the water in situ, have gradually been adopted for lake management and restoration. The Xielugang Estuary is located north of the Yangcheng Middle Lake and always exhibits a certain degree of eutrophic phenomena. To ensure the safety of the ecological environment in Yangcheng Lake, a multi-level purification and ecological system with ‘intercept precipitation–ecological restoration–coupled biological treatment’ was developed. Water quality monitoring results for the inlet and outlet of different units in the system from October 2020 to May 2021 showed that the system was effective. We also found that the purification capacity of the composite system was high and the system could significantly enhance the reduction of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium permanganate index and total suspended solids. The average removal rates for these components were 41.34, 61.76, 35.21 and 67.21%, respectively, and the removal rate for typical heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) was 30.4–48.9%. The composite system substantially improved the water quality of the estuary and the wetland ecological function, demonstrating its effectiveness and significance.
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Chen, Rui, Lei Han, Zhao Liu, Yonghua Zhao, Yunmeng Zhai, Risheng Li, and Longfei Xia. "Analysis of Soil As Pollution and Investigation of Dominant Plants in Abandon Gold Mining Area." Minerals 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111366.
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Soil arsenic (As) pollution in mining areas have seriously affected the surrounding environment and human health. To explore the degree of soil As contamination and phytoremediation strategies, a study was undertaken to identify suitable native plants for the phytoremediation in mining area. Geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were sed to assess the As pollution degree. As content in dominant plants was analyzed by enrichment coefficient. The results show that (1) The pulp deposition area had the most serious As pollution of soil and the largest potential ecological risk index. (2) The composition of the plant community in the study area was dominated by herbaceous plants, among which gramineous, composites and legumes are the dominant plant types in the vegetation community restoration in the mining area. (3) The plant species diversity was lower in As polluted area. (4) The plants with strong As enrichment ability were Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Periploca sepium Bunge, and Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., which can be considered as As-repair plants. This study can provide a basis and reference for phytoremediation and ecological restoration of As contamination in mining areas.
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Peng, Shaolin. "Pioneers of Allelopathy: XVI. Shaolin Peng." Allelopathy Journal 52, no. 1 (January 2021): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2021-52-1-1304.
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Shaolin Peng contributed immensely to restoration ecology research in last 40- years and has published 700 papers. He has made innovative and theoretical breakthroughs in vegetation restoration, ecological restoration of invaded ecosystems, interaction between ecological restoration and global change, etc. One of his key achievements is vegetation restoration in subtropical South China. He has developed new models of vegetation in natural succession, replacement and fluctuation, advanced theory and proved that extremely degraded tropical forests can be restored. He established that allelopathy is one of the driving forces of forest succession and did related studies on systematic sampling and analysis of several forest communities from south to north in China. He has done outstanding research on invasive plants and examined the Novel Weapon Hypothesis (allelopathic inhibition) of invasive alien plants in South China and determined the various aspects of invasive mechanism of alien plants (molecular mechanism of elevated temperature and CO effects in allelopathy of invasive plants). He put forward the ‘Allelopathic resistance hypothesis (native plants resistance to invasive plants)’ and ‘ecological control theory’. In recognition of his contributions to <i>Allelopathy</i> field, he was awarded the <i>Outstanding Achievement Award</i> by the International Allelopathy Foundation. He also did in-depth studies on ecological impacts of invasive plants, specifically focusing on plant-soil feedback and plant-AMF symbiosis. Besides, Peng has mentored 68 Ph.D. and 38 M.Sc graduates, and was recognized as Prominent Teacher by Sun Yat-sen University. He has been the Vice President, Ecological Society of China, Vice Chairman, Nature Conservation and Eco-Environment Teaching Steering Committee, Ministry of Education, Member, Academic Degree Commission of State Council, Awarded ‘Top Ten Outstanding Youth in China’, Young Scientist Award, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Outstanding Scientific and Technical Worker of China.
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Zhang, Yong Wei, Shu Cai Li, Bo Zhang, Chun Hong Yuan, and Xu Guang Chen. "Application Research of Landscape Effect Degree (LED) in Damaged Mountain Restoration (Green Mine) in Beautiful JiNan City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2110.
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Damaged mountain of Ji'nan springs city impact the landscape of the city and the surrounding and traffic along seriously, and affected the city's image and the construction of the beautiful spring city and ecological civilization seriously. They produced a new geologic disaster danger, and threaten the safety of the local people's life and property. Landscape Effect Degree (LED), as a comprehensive index, can be used to quantitatively evaluate the landscape effect degree of the damaged mountain for the city and traffic along. Study on quantitative evaluation and analysis of the impact of mountain landscape damage in Ji'nan City. Comparison and validation of the actual and damaged mountain governance work can verify the display of influence, and quantitative index for damage control plan, and ordered rectification, and the mine recovery, and treatment effect what was analyzed, and the improvement of the ecological environment analysis, and vegetation growth situation analysis vegetation ecological suitability assessment. It can provide scientific basis. Through calculation and analysis, 148 damaged mountain Ji'nan city the three districts and one line visual range, landscape effect degree very serious was 111, accounted for 75%, and severe in 31, accounting for 21%, and the general point of 3, 2%, and lighter point 3 that accounted for 2%. The evaluation results accord with the actual situation of Ji'nan, and it shows that the method for landscape evaluation is applicable.
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Zhang, Jian, Yi-Cheng Fu, Wan-Li Shi, and Wen-Xian Guo. "A method for estimating watershed restoration feasibility under different treatment levels." Water Supply 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2017): 1232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.017.
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The restoration of watershed health can be influenced by ecological, technical and socio-economic factors. The paper presents a conceptual framework and typology to assess watershed ecological restoration based on the properties and processes of sustainable watershed development. According to multiple life stages, habitat properties and existing legal frameworks and applicable valuation approaches, the bio-indicator that integrates natural, political and socio-economic dimensions is proposed. With existing assessment results and official web-pages as references, evaluation systems concerning human impacts on aquatic systems are set forth. Suitable aquatic bio-indicators can standardize the monitoring methodology with respect to water quality, organic pollutants and pesticides, generation time, migration ability, saprobic status, taxonomic composition and diversity. A large number of fish-based indexes have been developed to monitor and manage river ecosystems. Biophysical and statistical models are being used to identify influential stream variables that correlate with macroinvertebrate indices. A probabilistic fuzzy hybrid model to assess river water quality is proposed. The method and process of ecological risk assessment are provided based on adaptive management principles. The environmental sustainability index (ESI) is used to estimate the degree of environmental restoration sustainability with the emergy triangle as a reference.
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Winter, Kawika, Noa Lincoln, and Fikret Berkes. "The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093294.
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Social-ecological system theory draws upon concepts established within the discipline of ecology, and applies them to a more holistic view of a human-in-nature system. We incorporated the keystone concept into social-ecological system theory, and used the quantum co-evolution unit (QCU) to quantify biocultural elements as either keystone components or redundant components of social-ecological systems. This is done by identifying specific elements of biocultural diversity, and then determining dominance within biocultural functional groups. The “Hawaiian social-ecological system” was selected as the model of study to test this concept because it has been recognized as a model of human biocomplexity and social-ecological systems. Based on both quantified and qualified assessments, the conclusions of this research support the notion that taro cultivation is a keystone component of the Hawaiian social-ecological system. It further indicates that sweet potato cultivation was a successional social-ecological keystone in regions too arid to sustain large-scale taro cultivation, and thus facilitated the existence of an “alternative regime state” in the same social-ecological system. Such conclusions suggest that these biocultural practices should be a focal point of biocultural restoration efforts in the 21st century, many of which aim to restore cultural landscapes.
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Su, Wei, Jiapeng Wu, Bei Zhu, Kaiqi Chen, Wenqi Peng, and Baoyue Hu. "Health Evaluation and Risk Factor Identification of Urban Lakes—A Case Study of Lianshi Lake." Water 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051428.
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Health assessment and risk factor identification represent the premise and foundation of scientific management and ecological restoration of urban lakes. Based on in-depth understanding of the nature–society duality of urban lakes, a framework for evaluating urban lake health was constructed, including four modules, namely, establishing an index system; determining the index weight; identifying risk factors; and a comprehensive lake health evaluation. Employing this framework, we evaluated Lianshi Lake, Beijing, classifying the lake condition as “sub-healthy”. Based on the evaluation data, we identified the health risk factors of the lake. We applied standard difference rate (SDR) and risk degree (Rd) (safe degree (Sd)) concepts, and classified the indices of risk areas employing the Pareto analysis method. Finally, we identified the lake residence period, landscape connectivity, and eutrophication as the major risk factors in Lianshi Lake. Three factors constitute the basis of ecosystem health and are key targets of ecological restoration: the lake residence period represents the hydrological and hydrodynamic characteristics of the lake; landscape connectivity is described from an ecological perspective, and represents the integrity of the lake ecosystem; and the eutrophication states describe the water quality characteristics and represent the availability of lake water. The results contribute to decision-making for comprehensive urban lake management.
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Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, and Ximena García-Orth. "Sucesión ecológica y restauración de las selvas húmedas." Botanical Sciences, no. 80S (June 4, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1758.
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<p>Tropical rain forests have suffered intense deforestation and degradation due to anthropogenic activities. Areas once occupied by these highly diverse forests are now conformed by mosaics of agricultural fields, secondary forests, and, to a lesser extent, primary forest remnants. To study tropical rain forest succession and restoration ecology in the extensive abandoned deforested fields, the classic gap regeneration theory proves to be insufficient. These scenarios demand ecological principles that allow the development of efficient technologies for rainforest restoration in highly disturbed abandoned fields. The present paper develops a conceptual framework which considers the level of propagule availability of native species and the degree of environmental alteration (site quality) as two major determinants of the regeneration capacity of rain forest vegetation in abandoned fields. Land use history is a major promoter of the status of these two axes as it inflicts disturbances of certain intensity, extent, and duration on propagule availability and environmental conditions. We identify key ecological factors which should be considered in the restoration of degraded fields. According to our model, the rate and magnitude of natural regeneration (regeneration capacity) decrease as propagule (i.e. seed bank and seed rain, advanced regeneration, meristems in roots and stems) availability and site quality (i.e. soil compaction and fertility, exotic vegetation abundance) decline. Different land use types have varying negative effects on the regeneration capacity of native vegetation. For example, we predict that regeneration capacity should be higher in abandoned milpas (which alter in a muchlesser degree propagule availability and site quality) than at abandoned cattle raising pastures.<br />Predictions are evaluated through a literature review, and from a long-term research project which took place in the Selva Lacandona region (Chiapas), México. Finally, restoration costs and possible recommendations that could promote ecological succession in degraded fields are presented and discussed</p>
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Rawluk, A., A. Sanders, T. W. Yuwati, D. Rachmanadi, N. Izazaya, N. Yulianti, N. Sakuntaladewi, et al. "Finding common ground: developing a shared understanding of tropical peatswamp forest restoration and fires across culture, language, and discipline." International Forestry Review 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 426–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941922.
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Indigenous and traditional peoples, practitioners and researchers navigate complex social ecological landscapes. The importance of dialogue across cultures, languages, disciplines, and forms of knowledge is increasingly recognised as needed in landscape restoration and environmental governance at multiple scales. A process called adaptive doing was used in two workshops in South Kalimantan Province, followed by remote collaboration among team members in Indonesia and Australia. Examining the breadth of differences in culture, language and knowledge, and recognising assumptions and disciplinary training, enabled each participant to develop a shared understanding of tropical peatswamp forest restoration and fires. The shared understanding extended beyond each participant's original conception and provided a collective vision that brought together the different knowledges, cultural and disciplinary backgrounds, while acting as a point of orientation for the work and purpose within a research project. The experience gained through adaptive doing has led to important collaborative changes in the project and can support future interdisciplinary teams to achieve collaborative practice change and a shared understanding of context.
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Zen’kov, I. V., I. A. Ganieva, Yu A. Anischenko, M. Yu Lukichev, P. M. Kondrashov, V. N. Konov, Yu A. Maglinets, R. V. Brezhnev, and S. N. Skornyakova. "Space Technologies of Remote Sensing in the Study of the Ecology of Disturbed Lands by Enterprises of the Mining Industry of the Urals." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-1-28-31.
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The results of a comprehensive assessment of the total area and the ecological state of disturbed lands as a result of opencast mining of numerous deposits of solid minerals in the Urals are presented. The ranking of mining divisions by the degree of restoration of plant ecosystems in the territory of mining landscapes has been carried out. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the results of such studies when justifying environmental protection measures in the field of restoration of disturbed lands at existing and prospective mining enterprises.
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Wei, Hejie, Jiaxin Zheng, Dong Xue, Xiaobin Dong, Mengxue Liu, and Yali Zhang. "Identifying the Relationship between Livelihoods and Land Ecosystem Services Using a Coupled Model: A Case Study in the “One River and Two Tributaries” Region of Tibet." Land 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091377.
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In fragile and impoverished areas, identifying the interrelationship between livelihoods and ecosystem services can help protect the ecological environment and improve human well-being. This study selected the “One River and Two Tributaries” region (ORTTR) in Tibet with a fragile, sensitive ecological environment as the study area. With the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 as the research time points, a coupled evaluation model of residents’ livelihood and land ecosystem services was constructed to study the relationship between the two. Results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between the two continued to increase because of the improvement in residents’ livelihood and ecosystem services. The level of coupling coordination gradually changed from a reluctant coordination stage to a moderate coordination stage. The coupling coordination degree showed more revealing results than the coupling degree in time scale. The relative development type between the two was mainly of the type lagging residents’ livelihood. By considering the physical geography and socio-economic characteristics and the relative development types, the counties and districts in the ORTTR are divided into ecological conservation areas, ecological restoration areas, and ecological reconstruction areas. The coupled model can evaluate the relationship between livelihoods and ecosystem services from a systematic integration perspective and provide scientific support for the improvement of regional human well-being.
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Yao, Guohui, Haidong Li, Nan Wang, Lijun Zhao, Hanbei Du, Longjiang Zhang, and Shouguang Yan. "Spatiotemporal Variations and Driving Factors of Ecological Land during Urbanization—A Case Study in the Yangtze River’s Lower Reaches." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 4256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074256.
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Ecological land change is an important indicator of eco-environment quality when balancing urbanization and regional ecological safety. Nantong, located in the Yangtze River’s lower reaches, has experienced rapid urbanization since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China in 1978. To ensure the regional ecological conservation and restoration of the Yangtze River and the city’s sustainable development, we used remote sensing technology and statistical yearbook data as well as land use dynamic degree (LUDD) and Geodetector methods to determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological land in the Nantong riverine area from 1980 to 2020 and further discussed the potential driving factors. We found that (1) from 1980 to 2020, the major types of ecological land changed from cropland (82.08%), water (17.19%), and grassland (0.69%) to cropland (70.11%), water (26.98%), and forestland (2.25%), and the ecological land area decreased by 4091.36 km2 during the same period with a significantly increased dynamic degree of land use. (2) Spatial heterogeneity existed in the distribution and variation of ecological land. Water was the dominant ecological land use in the Yangtze River levee’s inner area, with transitions to cropland and impervious surfaces as the primary conversion types; cropland was the primary land use in the levee’s external area, with transitions from cropland and water to impervious surface as the primary conversion types. In addition, in cities with an early start and a high level of urbanization, most of the ecological land had been converted to impervious surfaces by urban development, whereas cities without those characteristics had retained more of their ecological land. (3) Ecological land change was influenced by a combination of natural and socio-economic factors, and there were enhanced-bi and enhanced-nonlinear interactions between them. (4) The dominant factors influencing ecological land changes during the three stages of urbanization (1980–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2020) were the distance to the Yangtze River, the population, and the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of secondary industry, respectively. The role of environmental policies has gradually increased in recent years, which has played a positive role in ecological land use restoration. The findings of this study can assist policymakers in optimizing land use and restoring ecological space to conserve biodiversity.
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Zhao, Xu Dong, De Gang Zhang, Li Na Shi, and Yong Shun Yang. "Effects of Ecological Projects on Grassland Soil Physicochemical Properties in Three-River Headwater." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.843.
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The depth variations of soil physicochemical properties in the degraded native grasslands and the artificially restored grasslands were studied in the Three-river headwater areas of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, China. The results showed: (1) With the increase of the gradient of restoration years, soil water content, total chemical properties, total potassium, phosphorus, available phosphorus and potassium were increased thereafter in the artificial grasslands. (2) With the increase of grassland degradation gradient, soil water content was gradually reduced, and the total N, K, the organic matter didnt gradually reduced also. (3) Both restoration years and degradation degree didnt influence the nutrient distribution in soil. (4) The organic matter, total N and K of degraded grassland were increased by artificial grassland construction. Therefore, artificial grassland construction canbe used as an effective measure of ecological projects in the Three-river headwater area.
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Xu, Qiushi. "Urban Ecological Planning Model Based on Information Entropy and Meteorological Suitability Evaluation Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2023 (January 11, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5372566.
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In order to improve the effect of regional urban ecological planning and ecological restoration, aiming at the problem of low accuracy of ecological planning and poor matching with the current situation, taking Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province as an example, an urban ecological planning model based on information entropy and meteorological suitability evaluation algorithm is designed. The geographical environment of Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province is analyzed. Based on the current situation of regional ecological environment, the meteorological suitability evaluation algorithm is introduced to establish the urban ecological planning model. Comprehensively considering land planning factors and meteorological factors, calculate the information entropy of each influencing factor, determine the weight, and optimize the ecological planning model. The experimental results show that this method has achieved good results in the accuracy of ecological planning and the matching degree of the current situation in the urban ecological planning of Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province.
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Wang, Jun, Zhihua Wang, Hongbin Cheng, Junmei Kang, and Xiaoliang Liu. "Land Cover Changing Pattern in Pre- and Post-Earthquake Affected Area from Remote Sensing Data: A Case of Lushan County, Sichuan Province." Land 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081205.
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Extremely hard-hit areas face frequent secondary geological hazards and difficulties in vegetation recovery, and subsequent effects have a significant impact on land cover changes. At present, there is a lack of research on the dynamic restoration of, and changes in, the ecological environment before and after an earthquake, and especially a lack of quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquakes on land cover at the microscopic scale of spatial distribution of landscape indices. Taking the Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province as an example, this paper obtained land cover data from the study area between 2012 and 2020, and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of land cover change frequency by using a comprehensive land cover degree index, land cover transfer matrix and landscape ecology index. The results show that the types of cropland, forest, built-up and bare land have changed significantly in the study area. During the earthquake recovery period, the comprehensive land cover index of the study area showed an increasing trend, and land cover has been continuously improved under the effect of artificial measures and natural restoration. After 2013, patch density (PD) and landscape shape index (LSI) values decreased and aggregation index (AI) values increased for the vast majority of landscape land classes, indicating a benign ecological development across the region in the post-earthquake period. The research results are not only helpful to establish scientific ecological environmental management in the earthquake-stricken areas, but also helpful to formulate medium- and long-term ecological environmental monitoring and ecological restoration plans based on land cover change patterns.
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Ji, Zijian, Yali Cui, Shouquan Zhang, Wan Chao, and Jingli Shao. "Evaluation of the Impact of Ecological Water Supplement on Groundwater Restoration Based on Numerical Simulation: A Case Study in the Section of Yongding River, Beijing Plain." Water 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213059.
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Ecological water supplement relies on river channels to introduce surface water, to make a reasonable supplement of groundwater, to repair the regional groundwater environment and urban river ecosystem. Evaluating the degree of groundwater restoration after ecological water supplement (by taking appropriate measures) is a critical problem that needs to be solved. Thus, based on the Yongding River ecological water supplement in 2019 and 2020, we analyzed the groundwater monitoring situates in the ecological water supplement region. We established an unstructured groundwater flow numerical model in the study area through the quadtree grids. The model was calibrated with the measured water level. The simulated results could accurately reflect the real groundwater dynamic characteristics, and it showed that the water level rise was concentrated in the 3–6 km range of the Yongding River after the ecological water supplement. In 2019, the calculated ecological water infiltration amount was 101.28 × 106 m3, the affected area was 265.19 km2, and the average groundwater level rise in the affected area was 2.10 m. In 2020, the calculated ecological water infiltration amount was 102.64 × 106 m3, the affected area was 506.88 km2, and the average groundwater level rise in the affected area was 1.25 m. While the ecological water supplement had a positive impact on groundwater level restoration, the groundwater level around the typical buildings within the study area, including Beijing West Railway Station and Beijing Daxing International Airport, would not be significantly affected.
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Leshchenko, Nellia. "COMPLEX PROCESS OF THE RESTORATIONRECONSTRUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.138-149.
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The definition of «restoration-reconstructive transformation» (RRT) is given as a complex process of interconnected restoration and reconstruction changes in buildings, open urban spaces and urban architectural environment as a whole to increase value and integrity and move them to a new qualitative level. Introduced as uniting all restoration and reconstructive qualitative changes – transformations.
Depending on the activity of the intervention, four degrees of RRT were identified: preservation, amplification, correction and change. Preservation and amplification – referred to the restoration, correction and change – to the reconstructive transformations. For each degree of PPT, the corresponding methods are highlighted. The restoration ones correspond to the I and II degrees of the RRT – preservation and amplification. Reconstructive – III and IV degrees of RRT – to correction and change. Their classification is proposed: 1) according to the activity of intervention on: preserving, restoring, renewing and transforming. Preserving and restoring – restoration, renewing and transforming – reconstructive; 2) for the implementation of qualitative changes at different system levels: urban planning, volumetric and functional.
Based on the generalization of existing problems that violate the sustainable development of small historical towns and must be solved during the RRT in them, namely: urban planning, architectural, utilitarian-functional, infrastructural, ecological and socio-economic, 5 components of the complex process of RRT their historical centers were identified – ecological, historical-cultural, infrastructural, social and economic. For each component the tasks are outlined. They should be solved at the selected 4 system levels: urban planning, volumetric, functional, socio-economic.
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Li, Zhi Wei, and Li Tuo Cui. "The Influence of Coastal Development on Ecological Environmental in Hebei Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.828.
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Based on pressure-state-response (PSR) model and relavant references,the the evaluation index system,the evaluation method and the grading criteria of ecological environment effect were established.Using this evaluation system,the influence of Hebei coastal development activities onecological environmental was analysed.The results show that the influence of coastal development on ecological environment in Hebei Province showed the trend of smaller→general→greater from 1984 to 2010 and acceptance degree evolved from the acceptable to unacceptable level.The main reason for this change is reclamation activities,the development of marine industry and population growth.The influence of development activity on ecological environment also show some difference in space,of which Qinhuangdao is smaller,followed by Cangzhou and Tangshan is greater.Moreover,the influence on ecological environment of Cangzhou and Tangshan reaches unacceptable level and need to further strengthen the restoration and protection of ecological environment.
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Xiao-Jun, DU, GAO Xian-Ming, and MA Ke-Ping. "Diagnosis of the Degree of Degradation of an Ecosystem: the Basis and Precondition of Ecological Restoration." Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 27, no. 5 (2003): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2003.0102.
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Zhang, Wei, Liang Zhou, Yan Zhang, Zhijie Chen, and Fengning Hu. "Impacts of Ecological Migration on Land Use and Vegetation Restoration in Arid Zones." Land 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060891.
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Poverty and disasters are globally prevalent in ecologically fragile areas. Ecological migration is regarded as an effective way to address these issues. This paper investigates the spatial pattern of ecological migration and the corresponding spatiotemporal changes in land use and vegetation restoration in Gulang County, located in northwest China, between 2010 and 2018. For this purpose, we calculated three indicators: the transfer matrix of land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and vegetation restoration degree (VRD). We found that ecological migrants in Gulang County moved from the Qilian Mountain National Park to the intersection between flat area and desert. The spatial patterns ranged from high-altitude to low-altitude, and the slopes became less steep. The distribution of the resettlements is more clustered and shaped by the traffic conditions and guided by the local governments. Unused land in the whole-village migration area and construction land in the resettlement area were dramatically impacted by ecological migration (625% and 279.3%, respectively). The cropland and construction land in the outmigration areas were mainly replaced with grassland and forest. In contrast, the grassland and unused land in the resettlement area were transferred to cropland and construction land. After ecological migration, the mean NDVI and VRD in Gulang County significantly increased, indicating that the vegetation in the outmigration areas quickly recovered. Moreover, the VRD in the whole-township migration areas was greater than that in the whole-village migration areas (121% > 68%). The main contribution to the increase in NDVI was the conversion of forest to grassland, accounting for 33%. In addition, the transition from other types of land to grassland made a larger contribution to the NDVI than conversions to forest.
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Tian, Xue, Xinyu Ma, Maowei Huang, Yiting Guo, Hongfei Yang, Liusheng Yang, Hui Chen, Ruoyun Gao, Jian Li, and Yongming Lin. "Spatiotemporal Dynamic Characteristics of Land Use in the Typical Watershed of Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Areas—A Case Study in the Longxi River Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315937.
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Major earthquakes cause serious damage to ecosystem structure and function through their huge destructive force and subsequent geohazards. Understanding the characteristics of post-earthquake land use change is of great interest to assess the effects of ecological restoration in earthquake-affected areas. However, little is known about the consequences of land use change on a small scale due to incomplete, non-comprehensive, and sparse research data. Here, we used remote-sensing images to study the land use change characteristics of the Longxi River before and after the Wenchuan earthquake by calculating the land use dynamics degree, transition matrix, and gravity center of the Longxi River Basin from 2005 to 2015. The Wenchuan earthquake disaster did not affect the main dominance of forests. Grassland, the second dominant land type, was replaced by geohazard-induced unutilized land after the earthquake. Compared with pre-earthquake in 2005, the areas of cultivated land, forest, grassland, and water area decreased, while those of construction land and unutilized land increased in 2015. The single land use dynamic degree and spatial dynamic change degree show the highest transition intensity of other land use types to unutilized land between 2005 and 2009. However, the degrees of all land use types decreased between 2009 and 2015. Both banks of the lower reach of the Longxi River had high and developing comprehensive indexes of land use degrees during the study period. The gravity centers of grassland, construction land, water, and cultivated land changed from north to south, while forest and unutilized land had the opposite pattern. Our results provide useful information for ecological restoration, ecological security, and soil-erosion control in earthquake-affected areas.
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Lin, Qiaoyan, Yu Song, Yixin Zhang, Jian Li Hao, and Zhijie Wu. "Strategies for Restoring and Managing Ecological Corridors of Freshwater Ecosystem." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315921.
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Along with accelerating urbanization and associated anthropogenic disturbance, the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems worldwide are substantially damaged. To improve ecosystem health, and thus enhance the ecosystem security of the urban ecosystem, numbers of management approaches and engineering projects have been applied to mitigate the degradation of freshwaters. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the ecological corridor restoration of freshwater ecosystems; especially for Suzhou Grand Canal, one section of the world’s longest and ancient Grand Canal which is inclined to severe ecosystem degradation. Through investigating the adjacent land use characteristics, habitat quality, vegetation cover, instream water quality, and habitat composition, we aimed to: (i) assess the water quality of the Suzhou Grand Canal; (ii) evaluate the ecological characteristics of the canal ecosystem; (iii) develop strategic countermeasures to restore the ecological corridors for the mitigation of ecological problems. The results demonstrated: a large built area, a smaller ecological zone, a low habitat quality and habitat connectivity, and a high degree of habitat fragmentation within the canal corridor, also a simplified instream habitat composition, and greater nutrient and COD concentrations in the surface water—especially in the upstream and midstream canal. All urbanization-induced multiple stressors, such as land use changes, altered hydrology, and the simplified riparian zone et al., contributed synergistically to the degradation of the canal ecosystem. To alleviate the ecosystem deterioration, three aspects of recommendations were proposed: water pollution control, watershed ecosystem restoration, and ecological network construction. Basically, building a comprehensive watershed ecological network—on the basis of associated ecosystem restoration, and the connection of multi-dimensional ecological corridors—would dramatically increase the maintenance of aquatic–terrestrial system biodiversity, and improve the regional ecological security pattern and watershed resilience toward stochastic future disturbances. This study contributes to the understanding of the ecological challenges and related causes of the canal ecosystem. The integrated strategy introduced in this study provides policymakers, water resource managers, and planners with comprehensive guidelines to restore and manage the ecological corridor of the canal ecosystem. This can be used as a reference in freshwater ecosystems elsewhere, to improve ecosystem stability for supporting the sustainable development of urban ecosystems.
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Martin, Romina, Maja Schlüter, and Thorsten Blenckner. "The importance of transient social dynamics for restoring ecosystems beyond ecological tipping points." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 5 (January 21, 2020): 2717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817154117.
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Regime shift modeling and management generally focus on tipping points, early warning indicators, and the prevention of abrupt shifts to undesirable states. Few studies assess the potential for restoring a deteriorating ecosystem that is on a transition pathway toward an undesirable state. During the transition, feedbacks that stabilize the new regime are still weak, providing an opportunity to reverse the ongoing shift. Here, we present a social-ecological model that explores both how transient social processes affect ecological dynamics in the vicinity of a tipping point to reinforce the desired state and how social mechanisms of policy implementation affect restoration time. We simulate transitions of a lake, policy making, and behavioral change by lake polluters to study the time lags that emerge as a response to the transient, deteriorating lake state. We found that restoration time is most sensitive to the timing of policy making, but that the transient dynamics of the social processes determined outcomes in nontrivial ways. Social pressure to adopt costly technology, in our case on-site sewage treatment, was up to a degree capable of compensating for delays in municipal policy making. Our analysis of interacting social and ecological time lags in the transient phase of a shallow lake highlights opportunities for restoration that a stable state analysis would miss. We discuss management perspectives for navigating critical feedbacks in a transitioning social-ecological system. The understanding of transient dynamics and the interaction with social time lags can be more relevant than solely stable states and tipping points.
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Ludwig, JA, KC Hodgkinson, and RD Macadam. "Principles, problems, and priorities for restoring degraded rangelands." Rangeland Journal 12, no. 1 (1990): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9900030.
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Past and current research on restoring degraded rangelands was reviewed at a workshop held in July 1989 by the CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology. Basic ecological and economic principles for restoration, and prevention of further degradation, were explored and priorities for future research were identified. Although all ecological principles are applicable to restoring degraded rangelands to some degree, four principles emerged as being critically important: (1) ecesis, those basic processes involved in the successful establishment of desired forage species; (2) ecological succession, that series of species replacements where fast growing ephemeral species are replaced by slower growing perennial species which are strongly competitive; (3) resource patchiness, where resources, such as nutrients and water, are concentrated within patches or islands; and (4) facilitation, where herbivores (e.g. kangaroos) act as agents for seed dispersal, influence the establishment of seedlings, and shift species composition by causing differential mortality in species populations. A number of economic principles also apply to the restoration of rangelands. However, one very significant principle emerged from the Workshop: sustainability, which implies that economic benefits must be long-term, cumulative and lasting (i.e. the costs and benefits of restoration treatments must be viewed well into the future). Participants in the Workshop listed the following research areas as high priority: (1) assess the extent and current rate of degradation in different rangeland regions, (2) define indicators of degradation for different rangeland types, (3) form multi-disciplinary teams to study those processes critical to understanding degradation and restoration (include scientists from different organizations such as CSIRO and State agencies), and (4) transfer information to land managers to raise their awareness of the degradation problem and the need for restoration using appropriate tools such as computer-based decision support systems (including economic models).
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Shapar, A. H., O. V. Mikheev, and M. V. Velychko. "Environmental technologies in restoration of destabilized ecological systems of the conflict zone." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 51, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2019-51-2-78-81.
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ABSTRACT. The state of normal human life, which is characterized by the general notion of «Health», includes a combination of indicators of physical, mental and social well-being, and, in turn, is determined by a whole set of factors. Among them, along with medical and biological, undoubtedly important role is played by environmental factors. The region of Eastern Ukraine, firstly — Donetsk and Lugansk regions, in this regard can't be recognized as prosperous. A significant degree of anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment of this industrially developed region, which was formed over decades, has increased considerably during the military actions of recent years [1, 2]. Accordingly, the need to restore constitutional order and ensure worth living conditions for Ukrainian citizens includes, along with political, economic and social vectors, the task of optimizing natural ecological systems. It should be noted that the consequences of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in conflict zones, with all its specificity, have a number of similar features, for example, with man-made transformations that are noted in mining regions [3, 4]. These are, first of all, local and large-scale transformations of the landscape, disturbance of soil cover, partial or complete destruction of plant communities, impoverishment of fauna, and, as a result, the destabilization of ecosystems due to the violation of ecological relations that ensure their structural and functional organization and natural mechanisms of their self-regulation [5, 6]. In this context, the very urgent and demanded for the conflict zone is the implementation of various environmental technologies tested for solving similar problems in anthropogenically transformed territories. In particular, the scientific and practical developments of the Institute for Nature Management Problems and Ecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (INMPE of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro) [7–10] have a considerable interest in the following main areas. Key Words: Ecological destabilization, Ecological rehabilitation, Post-war territories, Environmental technologies, Ecological management, Landscape, Ecosystems.
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Yan, Zichun, Ninglong You, Lu Wang, and Chengwei Lan. "Assessing the Impact of Road Network on Urban Landscape Ecological Risk Based on Corridor Cutting Degree Model in Fuzhou, China." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021724.
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The rapidly expanding road network has resulted in the separation of the urban ecological landscape. To assess the potential implication of the road systems on the landscape ecological risk, the corridor cutting degree model based on roadway impact zones was introduced, and the effects of the road system on the landscape pattern change were analyzed in Fuzhou City, China, in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Meanwhile, through spatial auto-correlation analysis and a geographical detector model, it was shown that there was a link between the characteristics of the road network and the temporal and spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk index, and the main determinants of landscape ecological risk were identified. The outcome indicated that (1) the intermediate cutting had the greatest impact on the ecological landscape of the four corridor cutting modes of the road network. Furthermore, the land types with a higher corridor cutting degree index were woodland, cultivated land, and grassland, accounting for 35.23%, 33.61%, and 5.95% of the total cutting areas, respectively, and the landscape fragmentation was relatively serious. (2) Fuzhou’s landscape ecological risk has significantly increased over the past 20 years, with sub-high-risk and high-risk areas experiencing increases of 9.47% and 7.63%, respectively, and the spatial distribution pattern being primarily high-high and low-low clustering. (3) Corridor cutting degree index (CCI) and distance from sampling point to road (shortest distance) were two key factors that altered the geographic distribution of ecological risk in the landscape, and they showed a positive and negative connection, respectively. (4) In the geographic distribution of landscape ecological risk, the interaction between CCI and land type, or shortest distance and land type, was much higher than that of other components, with an explanation rate of more than 22%. The study findings could provide a scientific basis for integrated transportation and ecological restoration strategies in national space.
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Li, Quansheng, Junting Guo, Fei Wang, and Ziheng Song. "Monitoring the Characteristics of Ecological Cumulative Effect Due to Mining Disturbance Utilizing Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 5034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245034.
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This study conducted land cover classification and inversion analysis to estimate land surface temperature, soil moisture, specific humidity, atmospheric water vapor density, and relative humidity using remote sensing and multi-source mining data. Using 1990–2020 data from the Shendong mining area in Inner Mongolia, China, the eco-environmental evolution and the ecological cumulative effects (ECE) of mining operations were characterized and analyzed at a long-term scale. The results show that while the eco-environment was generally stable, mining activities affected the eco-environment at the initial stage (1990–2000) to a certain degree. During the rapid development stage of coal mining, the eco-environment was severely damaged, and the ECE were significant at the temporal scale. The absolute value of the change rate of ecological parameters was increasing. Due to an increased focus on ecological restoration, starting in 2010, the environmental indicators gradually stabilized and the eco-environment improved considerably, ushering in a period of stability for coal mining activities. The absolute value of the change rate of ecological parameters became stable. Analysis of the change in eco-environmental indicators with distance and comparison to the contrast area showed the ECE characteristics from mining disturbance at the spatial scale. This study shows that remote sensing technology can be used to characterize the ECE from mining operations and analyze eco-environmental indicators, providing crucial information in support of ecological protection and restoration, particularly in coal mining areas.
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Gao, Yu Ting, and Jia Rong Gao. "Character Exploration for River Ecology Condition Based on Factor Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3461.
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The basis of analysis of the ecological health of the river is taken into account, including water quantity, water quality, riparian zone, the physical structure of organisms and other elements to explore a new method based on factor analysis of river ecosystem health. 21 typical reaches along villages of Tang River in Beijing are measured using the method of 17 indexes system to analyze the index relevance for Tang River ecosystem health. The results showed that midstream of Tang River ecological health relevant factors are riverbed, water and biological effects, water quality, water-soil interaction, the downstream river bank only have slope factor, and significantly related reaches are distributed in water and biological effects, heart beach shape, river curvature, slope degree more. The evaluation results raised the indexes and reach affecting river ecological condition, to provide scientific guidance for the ecological restoration of Tang River (Beijing Reach).
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Fryirs, Kirstie, Bruce Chessman, and Ian Rutherfurd. "Progress, problems and prospects in Australian river repair." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 7 (2013): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12355.
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Effective river restoration requires an integrative approach among researchers, managers and stakeholders, grounded in sound science. Using Australia as a case study, we examined contemporary responses to the following three global challenges for river management: first, to base management practice on ‘best available science’ (BAS); second, to integrate diverse, discipline-bound knowledge within cross-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approaches; and third, to achieve adaptive management based on monitoring and evaluation. Analysis of 562 papers from the six Australian national stream-management conferences held since 1996 provided insight into the rapidly growing area of management, and the degree to which these three challenges are being met. The review showed that discipline-bound abiotic or biotic science was the focus of 46% of papers. Cross-disciplinary science, defined as the integration of biophysical sciences, was presented in 36% of papers, and trans-disciplinary science, defined as the merging of biophysical science with social and economic perspectives, in 17%. Monitoring and evaluation results were presented in only 12% of papers, whereas applications of adaptive management were reported in a mere 2%. Although river management has been transformed in recent decades, much remains to be done to create a holistic foundation for river restoration that links biophysical science to social science and economics.
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Nie, Xinran, Zhenqi Hu, Qi Zhu, and Mengying Ruan. "Research on Temporal and Spatial Resolution and the Driving Forces of Ecological Environment Quality in Coal Mining Areas Considering Topographic Correction." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142815.
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Over the last few years, under the combined effects of climate change and human factors, the ecological environment of coal mining areas has undergone tremendous changes. Therefore, the rapid and accurate quantitative assessments of the temporal and spatial evolution of the ecological environment quality is of great significance for the ecological restoration and development planning of coal mining areas. This study applied the ecological environment index after topographic correction to improve the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI). Based on a series of Landsat images, the ecological environment quality of Yangquan Coal Mine in Shanxi Province from 1987 to 2020 was monitored and evaluated by an improved remote sensing ecological index. The results show that after topographic correction, the topographic effect of the remote sensing ecological index was greatly reduced, and its practicability was improved. From 1987 to 2020, the ecological environment quality of Yangquan Coal Mine was improved, and the mean of the RSEI increased from 0.4294 to 0.6379. The ecological environment quality of the six coal mines in the study area was improved. Among the six coal gangue dumps, the ecological environmental quality of D1, D2, D3, and D4 has improved, and the ecological environment quality of D5 and D6 worsened. The percentages of improved, unchanged, and degraded ecological environment quality in the entire coal mining area were 77.08%, 0.99%, and 21.93%, respectively. The global Moran’s index was between 0.7929 and 0.9057, and it was shown that there was a strong positive correlation between the ecological environmental qualities of the study area, and that its spatial distribution was clustered rather than random. The LISA cluster map showed that the aggregation and dispersion degree of ecological environment quality was mainly high–high clustering and low–low clustering over the whole stage. During the study period, temperature and precipitation had limited impacts on the ecological environment quality of Yangquan Coal Mine, while the coal mining activities and urbanization construction seriously affected the local ecological environment quality and the implementation of ecological restoration policies, regulations, and measures was the main reason for the improvement of the ecological environment quality.
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Lin, Huilong, and Feng Zhang. "Fragmentation and percolation thresholds in the degradation process of alpine meadow in the Three-River Headwaters region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 3 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20005.
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Understanding the process and mechanisms of alpine meadow degradation is crucial for restoration and management in the Three-River Headwaters region, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. However, little is known about this complex and controversial problem because identification and quantification of the underlying causes is difficult. This research aimed to build a spatiotemporal dynamical model for alpine meadow degradation, capturing the natural process of erosion at the interface of barren patches and undamaged meadow. The model clarified the role of barren patches and meadow connectivity in degradation, and identified the ecological mechanisms and processes accounting for the spatial and temporal pattern of degradation. A fragmentation and percolation threshold exists in the process of meadow degradation, independent of spatial scale. An impulsive differential equation was used to investigate the consequence of periodic restoration of degraded meadow. Both the level of meadow degradation and the restoration period play crucial roles in determining whether the meadow can be successfully restored. This research has demonstrated theoretically that the effectiveness of meadow restoration by periodic effort depends on the degree of degradation.
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Kang, Junmei, Zhihua Wang, Hongbin Cheng, Jun Wang, and Xiaoliang Liu. "Remote Sensing Land Use Evolution in Earthquake-Stricken Regions of Wenchuan County, China." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 9721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159721.
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Earthquakes and their secondary geological disasters have a certain impact on the land cover, which leads to the degradation of the ecological environment and the stability of the ecosystem. At present, there are few studies on the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of land-use change in earthquake-stricken regions, especially the lack of quantitative evaluation of the impact of earthquakes on land use at the micro-scale. The “5·12” Wenchuan ms8.0 earthquake caused serious damage to the surface resources in the disaster area. The study on the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of land-use change in the disaster area can provide a reference for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment. Therefore, based on geographical big data, this paper used a land-use comprehensive degree index, land-use transfer matrix, and landscape ecological index to explore and analyze the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of land use in Wenchuan County before and after the earthquake. The results showed that the types of cropland, forest, built-up, and bare land changed greatly before and after the earthquake. During the earthquake recovery period, the comprehensive index of land use in the study area basically showed an increasing trend. Under the effect of artificial measures and natural restoration, land use was continuously improved, and vegetation was restored well. After 2008, the Patch Density (PD) and Landscape Shape Index (LSI) values of most landscape types decreased, and the Aggregation Index (AI) values increased, indicating that the ecological environment of the whole region showed a benign development in the post-earthquake period. The results not only contribute to the establishment of scientific ecological environment management in earthquake-stricken regions but also contribute to the formulation of long-term ecological environment monitoring and ecological restoration planning according to the law of land-use change.