Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Digital Signal Processing'
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1
Rawski, Mariusz, Bogdan Falkowski, and Tadeusz Łuba. "Digital signal processing designing for FPGA architectures." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 20, no. 3 (2007): 437–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0703437r.
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This paper presents the discussion on efficiency of different implementation methodologies of DSP algorithms targeted for modern FPGA architectures. Modern programmable structures are equipped with specialized DSP embedded blocks that allow implementing digital signal processing algorithms with use of the methodology known from digital signal processors. On the first place however, programmable architectures give the designer the possibility to increase efficiency of designed system by exploitation of parallelism of implemented algorithms. Moreover, it is possible to apply special techniques such as distributed arithmetic (DA) that will boost the performance of designed processing systems. Additionally, application of the functional decomposition based methods, known to be best suited for FPGA structures allows utilizing possibilities of programmable technology in very high degree. The paper presents results of comparison of different design approaches in this area.
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Sangwine, S. J. "A Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Based on the TMS320C25." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200103.
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A digital signal processing laboratory based on the TMS320C25 Students on a B. Eng. degree course at the University of Reading take a 20 hour lecture course on DSP and 15 hours of laboratory work using an audio-band DSP system designed around the Texas TMS320C25 DSP chip. The course and DSP system are described and experiences and conclusions are drawn.
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Barnard, Andrew, and Daniel A. Russell. "The graduate program in acoustics at Penn State." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015762.
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The Graduate Program in Acoustics at Penn State offers graduate degrees (M.Eng., M.S., Ph.D.) in Acoustics, with courses and research opportunities in a wide variety of subfields. Our 820 alumni are employed around the world in a wide variety of military and government labs, academic institutions, consulting firms, and consumer audio and related industries. Our 40+ faculty from several disciplines conduct research and teach courses in structural acoustics, nonlinear acoustics, architectural acoustics, signal processing, aeroacoustics, biomedical ultrasound, transducers, computational acoustics, noise and vibration control, acoustic metamaterials, psychoacoustics, and underwater acoustics. Course offerings include fundamentals of acoustics and vibration, electroacoustic transducers, signal processing, acoustics in fluid media, sound and structure interaction, digital signal processing, experimental techniques, acoustic measurements and data analysis, ocean acoustics, architectural acoustics, noise control engineering, nonlinear acoustics, outdoor sound propagation, computational acoustics, biomedical ultrasound, flow induced noise, spatial sound and three-dimensional audio, and the acoustics of musical instruments. This poster highlights faculty research areas, laboratory facilities, student demographics, successful graduates, and recent enrollment and employment trends for the Graduate Program in Acoustics at Penn State.
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Saber, Mohamed, Mohamed E. Ghoneim, and Sunil Kumar. "Survey on Design of Digital FIR Filters using Optimization Models." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Metaheuristics 2, no. 1 (2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jaim.020102.
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As the discipline of Digital Signal Processing develops, digital filters play an increasingly vital role in modern technology (DSP). The FIR filter, which stands for finite impulse response, is the most common type of filter. As a result of its versatility, FIR filters find widespread application in many fields, including image filtering, frequency modulation, precision arithmetic, and many more. For this reason, digital FIR filters are designed using various optimization techniques. Using various optimization strategies yields the best results when optimizing for different filter coefficients (concerning control parameters, dependence, premature convergence, etc.). They're advantageous due to several factors, including their straightforward implementation, low error function, high-quality searching ability, and rapid convergence. In this paper, we have covered the topic of designing efficient digital filters for signal, image, and video processing using various optimization techniques.
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Yu, Yan Xin, Chun Yang Wang, Yu Chen, and Ke Yang. "Design of Digital Pulse Compression System Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1718.
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Pulse compression technology is one of the key technologies in the field of modern radar signal processing, can effectively solve the contradiction between action distance and resolution. In this paper, a radar digital pulse compression system is designed and implemented based on FPGA with linear frequency modulated signal. The digital pulse compression module is designed using FFT IP core which can be reused in different periods of DPC, respectively performing FFT and IFFT calculation, so that the hardware consumption is saved significantly. Therefore, compared with other systems, the system designed in this paper has the characters of fast processing speed, high degree of modularity, real-time processing and short development cycle.
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Shchukin, A. A., and A. E. Pavlov. "Parameterization of user functions in digital signal processing for obtaining angular superresolution." Russian Technological Journal 10, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-4-38-43.
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Objectives. One of the most important tasks in the development of goniometric systems is improving resolution in terms of angular coordinates. This can be achieved in two ways: firstly, by increasing the aperture, which is very expensive and often technically challenging to implement; secondly, with the help of digital signal processing methods. If the recorded signal sources are located close to each other and not resolved by the Rayleigh criterion, it can be impossible to determine their number, location and reflection characteristics. The aim of the present work is to develop a digital signal processing algorithm for obtaining angular superresolution.Methods. Mathematical methods for solving inverse problems are used to overcome the Rayleigh criterion, i.e., obtain angular superresolution. These problems are unstable, since there is an infinite number of approximate solutions and false targets may occur. The search for the optimal solution is carried out by minimizing the standard deviation.Results. A description of a mathematical model for a goniometric system is presented. A signal processing algorithm is developed based on existing methods according to the principle of parameterization of user functions. Results of numerical experiments for achieving superresolution by algebraic methods are given along with an estimation of solution stability. The accuracy and correspondence of the amplitude of the obtained objects to the initial parameters are measured. The degree of excess of the Rayleigh criterion by the obtained solution is estimated.Conclusions. Algebraic methods can be used to obtain stable solutions with angular superresolution. The results obtained correctly reflect the location of objects with a minor error. Errors in the distribution of the signal amplitude are small, appearing false targets have negligible amplitude.
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A. Asker, Mshari, Khalaf S. Gaeid, Nada N. Tawfeeq, Humam K. Zain, Ali I. Kauther, and Thamir Q Abdullah. "Design and Analysis of Robot PID Controller Using Digital Signal Processing Techniques." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.37 (December 13, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.37.23625.
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Recently robotic is a playing vital role in the life In our modern society, the usage of robotic arms are increasing and much of the work in the industry is now performed by robots. As robots begin to behave like humans in an intelligent manner, control system becomes a major concern. In this paper, design and analyses of the pick and place robot due to control, the forearm, wrist, desired turntable and desired bicep is introduced to construct a closed system with four degrees of freedom (4DOFs). The main performance specifications are the accuracy and stability of the input system for obtaining a good system performance. Implementation of the control system using PID parameters for stability, minimum steady state error, minimum overshoot and faster system response has been carried out. The design of two degree of freedom PID(2DoFPID) to control robotic arm along with first order low pass filter(LPF) to compensate the unwanted signal is improved. To be able to implement such a precise and effective system, feedback system has to be made to improve the overall performance specifications. The digital signal processing controller (Arduino Uno) is used as it is active, cheap , it has open source code and easy to use in the software and hardware applications.Experimental set up developed in addition to the Matlab/Simulink implementation of the complete system. The results and the communication signals test ensure smooth operation of the control system and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Wang, Jun Hong, Zong Rui Li, and Xi Bin Wang. "Application Research of Visual Processing Technology in the Industrial Production Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 563 (May 2014): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.563.338.
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The CCD image sensor is set in the different production position, whose output signal is converted into digital signals to a dedicated image processing system by A/D. Using the image enhancement, smoothing, sharpening, segmentation, feature extraction, image recognition and understanding of digital image processing techniques,the system can identify the image, compare with feature information preservation, decide whether to enter the next process according to the similarity degree of alignment. Visual inspection having high precision, fast speed, working in the industrial field is stable and reliable, and improves the level of automation of production, make the products more competitive.
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Hans, Volker, and C. Filips. "Detection of Vortex Frequency in Gas Flow with Ultrasound." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.515.
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The coincidence of vortices generated by a bluff body in a gaseous flow (Karman vortex street) with an ultrasonic beam crossing these vortices raises a lot of questions concerning physics and signal processing. The ultrasonic signal will be complex modulated. The spectrum of the resulted signal shows the carrier frequency of ultrasound and two narrow sidebands with the information about the modulation. For further signal processing the carrier frequency must be filtered. The carrier frequency can be shifted to zero by digital processing and undersampling the signal by an integer multiple. Then the sideband with its low frequency range can be analysed. The real and imaginary parts of the signal can be determined by sampling the signal shifted by 90 degrees (Hilbert transform). Even the 90 degree shifted angle can be measured by undersampling. The sensitivity of the vortex meter depends on the bluff body size. A simple relation between the bluff body dimension and the sensitivity, the vortex frequency, respectively, is shown.
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Saidov, B. B., V. F. Telezhkin, N. N. Gudaev, V. N. Bagaev, and M. A. Devyatov. "Development of equipment for experimental study of digital algorithms in nonstationary signal processing problems." Ural Radio Engineering Journal 6, no. 2 (2022): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/urej.2022.6.2.004.
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The article deals with the issues of improving the quality of information using ultrasound, as well as existing analog and digital methods of its processing. The characteristics of signal filtering are analyzed depending on the signal-to-noise ratio. A number of modern applications in medical diagnostics are subject of high requirements for accuracy, noise immunity, reliability, continuity of operation and other quality indicators with a high dynamics of changes in non-stationary signals characterizing the functional state of the human body. On this basis, an algorithm and a device capable of extracting the informative components of noisy non-stationary signals are developed. In this paper, an algorithm of processing non-stationary signals of an ultrasonic transceiver is proposed. At the same time, three modules are developed and manufactured: 1) ultrasonic receiver module; 2) ultrasonic noise transmitter module (AM modulation); 3) an ultrasonic signal transmitter module (AM modulation) and an information processing algorithm based on a wavelet-forming function (wavelet threshold) consisting of the Coiflets 5 basis using a heuristically determined threshold value of the wavelet expansion coefficients. In this paper, the wavelet decomposition is carried out up to the 4th level. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that the second decomposition level is the most optimal for filtering non-stationary signals. As the decomposition level increases, the output signal-to-noise ratio decreases, and at the level N = 4, the output signal-to-noise ratio almost does not exceed the input one, therefore, filtering becomes inefficient. As a result of the synthesis of effective parameters of filtering electrocardiosignals, it is found that the maximum degree of signal processing from noise occurs using the Coiflets 5 wavelet using a heuristically determined threshold value. Experimental research is carried out in the training and production laboratory of electronics (FabLab), FSAEI HE “South Ural State University (National Research University)”.
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Rahul Reddy, P., Pandya Vyomal N, and Abhishek Choubey. "An Efficient MAC Architecture using Multiplier for DSP and DIP Operations." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.16 (April 12, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.16.11505.
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DSP operations are very important part of engineering as well as medical discipline. For the designing of DSP operations Multiplication is play important role to perform signal processing operations. Multiplier is one of the critical components in the area of digital signal processing and hearing aids. So the objective is to design an efficient MAC hardware architecture using multiplier with assistance of compressors by conserving less area, power and delay. In this paper, efficient hardware architecture of MAC using a modified Wallace tree multiplier is proposed. The proposed MAC uses multiplier with novel compressor designs and adders as primitive building blocks for efficient application. Further, the Verilog-HDL coding of 8 bit MAC architecture and their FPGA implementation by Xilinx ISE 14.4 Synthesis Tool on Virtex7 kit have been done. The proposed compressor and adder based architecture used to be applied to MAC unit and in comparison to the previous design MAC unit and verified that the proposed architecture have reduce in terms of area, delay and power. The high performance is obtained by using a new hierarchical structure, these adders are called compressors. These compressors make the multipliers faster as compared to the conventional design used in Engineering, Science & Technology as well as medical discipline.
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Shah, Hardik A., Satish K. Shah, and Rakesh M. Patel. "Signal processing analysis of DSP based PWM generation for high switching frequency voltage source inverter." World Journal of Engineering 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.5.499.
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This paper presents real time hardware implementation of DSP based 180 degree control algorithm and MATLAB SIMULINK based software Implementation for 3-phase 4-leg IGBT based voltage source inverter. Triggering pulses generated using Texas Instruments TMS 320F28335 DSP controller and that triggers the 6 IGBTs of Voltage source inverter. Results of pulse generated using DSP and output of the Voltage source inverter were captured using Digital Storage Oscilloscope. FFT analysis for output signal of software and hardware implementation presented with the analysis.
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Brown, David A., Paul J. Gendron, and John R. Buck. "Graduate education in acoustic engineering, transduction, and signal processing University of Massachusetts Dartmouth." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015756.
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The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth has an established graduate program of study with a concentration in Applied Acoustics leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. The program offers courses and research opportunities in the area of electroacoustic transduction, underwater acoustics, and signal processing. Courses include the Fundamentals of Acoustics, Random Signals, Underwater Acoustics, Introduction to Transducers, Electroacoustic Transduction, Medical Ultrasonics, Digital Signal Processing, Detection Theory, and Estimation Theory. The ECE department established the university’s indoor underwater acoustic test and calibration facility which is one of the largest academic facilities supporting undergraduate and graduate thesis and sponsored research. The department has collaborations with many marine acoustic related companies including nearby Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport, RI and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Cape Cod, MA. The presentation will highlight recent theses and dissertations, course offerings, and industry and government collaborations that support acoustical engineering, transduction, and signal processing.
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Wu, Chang Zhong, and Shu Guang Sang. "One Test System Design of Static Stiffness for Machine Tools." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.175.
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Computer is regarded as a center of signal detection, data processing and control in this system, accompanied by precision displacement sensors, pressure sensors and stepper motors and drives. Realize the transition of analog to digital with A/D converter board by VB6.0, and load simulation device steady and uniform by stepper motor, at the same time realize the functions of data calculation processing, storage, querying and sample curve drawing. The experimental results shows that the system has the advantages of a high degree of automation, high test efficiency, high precision, high reliability, stability test performance.
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Lagovsky, B. A., and E. Ya Rubinovich. "Algorithms for Digital Processing of Measurement Data Providing Angular Superresolution." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 22, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.22.349-356.
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Incorrect one- and two-dimensional inverse problems of reconstructing images of objects with angular resolutionexceeding the Rayleigh criterion are considered. The technique is based on the solution of inverse problems of source reconstruction signals described Fredholm integral equations. Algebraic methods and algorithms for processing dataobtained by measuring systems in order to achieve angular superresolution are presented. Angular superresolution allows you to detail images of objects, solve problems of their recognition and identification on this basis. The efficiency of using algorithms based on developed algebraic methods and their modifications in parameterization the inverse problems under study and further reconstructing approximate images of objects of various types is shown. It is shown that the noise immunity of the obtained solutions exceeds many known approaches. The results of numerical experiments demonstrate the possibility of obtaining images with a resolution exceeding the Rayleigh criterion by 2-6 times at small values of the signal-to-noise ratio. The ways of further increasing the degree of superresolution based on the intelligent analysis of measurement data are described. On the basis of the preliminary information on a source of signals algorithms allow to increase consistently the effective angular resolution before achievement greatest possible for a solved problem. Algorithms of secondary processing of the information necessary for it are described. It is found that the proposed symmetrization algorithm improves the quality of solutions to the inverse problems under consideration and their stability. The examples demonstrate the successful application of modified algebraic methods and algorithms for obtaining images of the objects under study in the presence of a priori information about the solution. The results of numerical studies show that the presented methods of digital processing of received signals allow us to restore the angular coordinates of individual objects under study and their elements with super-resolution with good accuracy. The adequacy and stability of the solutions were verified by conducting numerical experiments on a mathematical model. It was shown that the stability of solutions, especially at a significant level of random components, is higher than that of many other methods. The limiting possibilities of increasing the effective angular resolution and the accuracy of image reconstruction of signal sources, depending on the level of random components in the data utilized, are found. The effective angular resolution achieved in this case is 2—10 times higher than the Rayleigh criterion. The minimum required signal-to-noise ratio for obtaining adequate solutions with super-resolution is 13—16 dB for the described methods, which is significantly less than for the known methods. The relative simplicity of the presented methods allows you to use inexpensive computing devices and work in real time.
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Kubiak, I. "Video signal level (colour intensity) and effectiveness of electromagnetic infiltration." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0023.
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Abstract Nowadays, when we have a strong presence of computers in our everyday lives the protection of electronically processed information using digital machines becomes very important. It is related to accidental formation of electromagnetic fields which distinctive features are intrinsically linked to the nature of processed information. Although many protective measures are taken - from technical to organisational - this phenomenon still poses a great threat. Therefore, methods supporting information protection against the so-called electromagnetic infiltration are still being developed. In addition, these methods would support security of data processing and perhaps replace some of the currently used solutions characterised by high costs of implementation, or a small degree of ergonomics. Conducted research deals both with an analogue VGA and digital DVI standards. The article presents the results of the research concerning possibilities of manipulating the level of video signal (black colour intensity) and its influence on the quality of displayed images, that is, on the effectiveness of electromagnetic infiltration.
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Tyapkin, V. N., V. N. Ratushnyak, D. D. Dmitriev, and A. B. Gladyshev. "Increase of noise suppression efficiency due to correction of frequency characteristics of receiving channels in the navigation equipment of consumers." Spacecrafts & Technologies 2, no. 1 (2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/2618-7957-2018-1-30-37.
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Space-time signal processing in adaptive electronic systems, including navigation, remains the subject of intensive research, as it allows to improve the efficiency of receiving useful signals under the influence of natural or intentional interference. The bibliography on this subject is very extensive and includes a large number of articles of scientific and applied nature, dissertations, monographs, patent materials. Much of this work has references to monographs by R. Monzingo and B. Widrow, which set out the basic principles, criteria and algorithms of spatial-temporal signal processing. To date, the development of space-time signal processing is largely constrained by the imperfection of the element base. The use of modern navigation equipment consumers high-speed signal processors that implement advanced methods and algorithms of digital signal processing, provides the ability of digital methods to form the desired beam pattern of the antenna system and to adjust the frequency characteristics of the reception channels, to implement complex algorithms for optimal processing of useful signals, operative to control the main operation modes of equipment. One of the most important applications of space-time signal processing is noise suppression, and its effectiveness depends on the degree of inter-channel correlation of these signals received by antenna elements of the adaptive antenna array. To maximize the coefficient of interference suppression required the adoption of measures on alignment of frequency and phase characteristics of the receiving circuits, and high precision computation of weighting coefficients. The article considers the questions of spatial filtering of the interference when adaptive interference compensator adjusted frequency characteristics of the receiving channels, and means of satellite navigation. Gradient algorithm of spatial compensation of noise, and also influence of adaptive correction of frequency characteristics of receiving channels on quality of suppression of noise is presented. The formation of a directional diagram of a multi-element adaptive antenna array with spatial noise suppression is demonstrated by modeling in the Matlab environment.
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Imtiaz, Hafiz, and Shaikh Anowarul Fattah. "A Curvelet Domain Face Recognition Scheme Based on Local Dominant Feature Extraction." ISRN Signal Processing 2012 (March 7, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/386505.
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A feature extraction algorithm is introduced for face recognition, which efficiently exploits the local spatial variations in a face image utilizing curvelet transform. Although multi-resolution ideas have been profusely employed for addressing face recognition problems, theoretical studies indicate that digital curvelet transform is an even better method due to its directional properties. Instead of considering the entire face image, an entropy-based local band selection criterion is developed for feature extraction, which selects high-informative horizontal bands from the face image. These bands are segmented into several small spatial modules to capture the local spatial variations precisely. The effect of modularization in terms of the entropy content of the face images has been investigated. Dominant curvelet transform coefficients corresponding to each local region residing inside the horizontal bands are selected, based on the proposed threshold criterion, as features, which not only drastically reduces the feature dimension but also provides high within-class compactness and high between-class separability. A principal component analysis is performed to further reduce the dimensionality of the feature space. Extensive experimentation is carried out upon standard face databases and a very high degree of recognition accuracy is achieved even with a simple Euclidean distance based classifier.
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Yang, Hong, Xuemei Li, Yifan Wang, and Bo Xu. "Design and Implementation of Dual-channel 100MSPS Data Acquisition Module." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2196, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012027.
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Abstract Aiming at the problems of single channel acquisition mode of traditional oscilloscope recorder, insufficient acquisition flexibility, low acquisition frequency, transmission delay, etc., this paper proposes a design method of dual-channel signal acquisition module based on FPGA hardware platform. This design uses a high-sampling-rate ADC chip AD9268 as a dual-channel acquisition port to achieve 100MSPS sampling frequency acquisition, while simultaneously transmitting the converted digital signal through the SerDes serial port. In the FPGA implementation process, a channel conditioning module is added to adjust the gain and offset of the input data. The test results show that the system can realize synchronous sampling, processing, and transmission of the input analog signal, and the acquisition process is stable, and the collected signal has a high degree of restoration and no distortion.
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Saidov, B. B., and V. F. Telezhkin. "Optimum ECG Signal Filtering Based on Wavelet Transformation." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, no. 4 (November 2021): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210415.
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The development of digital signal processing and microprocessor technology creates conditions for improving methods for diagnosing the functional state of organs. Wavelet analysis is a modern and promising method of information processing. In order to determine the effective optimal filtering of the electrocardiography signal based on the wavelet transform, wavelet filtering was performed using wavelets of different families, the efficiency of using different levels of decomposition, me¬thods for calculating the threshold and types of the threshold function was investigated. Aim. Determination of effective optimal filtering of electrocardiography signal based on wavelet transform. Materials and methods. Cardiograms were taken for analysis. Then they were digitized and entered into a computer for processing. A program was written in the Matlab environment that implements continuous and discrete wavelet transform. Results. As a result of the research, 56 combinations of noise reduction parameters were tested for three noise levels. It was found that the maximum degree of signal purification from noise was obtained using the Coiflets 5 wavelet using a rigid thresholding method, with a heuristic method for calculating the threshold value. Wavelet Simlet 8 has lower correlation coefficient values than Coiflets 5, at 35 dB the best result is 97%, the noise level is 40 dB the best result is 98.7%, the noise level is 45 dB the best result is 99.3%, which is generally negligible differs from the correlation coefficients of the wavelet Coiflets 5. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the first and the present work, the following conclusions were made: the optimal level of the wavelet decomposition of the ECG signal N = 2; the maximum degree of signal cleaning from noise was obtained using the Coiflets 5 wavelet using a rigid thresholding method, with a heuristic method for calculating the threshold value; Simlet 8 wavelet using a soft thresholding method with a minimax thresholding method also shows noteworthy results, slightly inferior to Coiflets 5 wavelet results.
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Rallapalli, Varsha H., Pamela E. Souza, and Kathryn Arehart. "Susceptibility to signal distortion in older listeners with hearing loss." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010760.
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Older adults show significant individual variability in hearing aid benefit. Our recent work has identified factors contributing to this individual variability including age, degree of hearing loss, and working memory. Specifically, older adults with greater hearing loss and poorer working memory are disadvantaged (poorer speech recognition) by signal distortions arising from adverse listening conditions and aggressive hearing aid signal processing settings. In this presentation, we focus on the range of signal distortions (quantified by a cepstral correlation metric) due to hearing aid signal processing such as amplitude compression, frequency lowering, and digital noise reduction, combined with different amounts and types of background noise. Across studies, we characterized individual susceptibility to signal distortions with a comprehensive set of conditions ranging from laboratory simulations to realistic listening conditions. Earlier studies considered omnidirectional settings and co-located speech and noise conditions, whereas recent work has focused on clinically realistic conditions such as wearable hearing aids, microphone directionality, and spatially-separated speech and multi-talker babble. We will discuss the clinical implications of these findings, particularly the impact on customizing hearing aid fittings to maximize benefit for older individuals. [Work is funded by NIDCD.]
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Wang, Lin Sheng, Dong He Xi, and Lin Jing Wang. "Detector on Dam’s Piezometric Tube Level." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.730.
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The change of reservoir dam’s piezometric level can reflect the dam’s internal structure, piezometric level number obtained by using detection technology can directly judge the interior defect, therefore, whether piezometric level detection is accurate or not is related to dam’s safety. After years’ research, the design scheme of integrating mechanics and electrics is put forward by combining with today’s popular single chip computer technology and digital measuring technology, which is the scheme that we adopt the digital detection technology to convert the water level into pulse digital signal directly and calculate the piezometric level according to the number of single pulse. It is necessary to develop a Piezometric Tube detector with teatures of high precision, high degree of automation and high speed of processing and acquisiting data and put it into use.
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WANG, WEN-QIN. "PHASE NOISE SUPPRESSION IN GPS-DISCIPLINED FREQUENCY SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEMS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 10, no. 03 (September 2011): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477511000582.
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Global positioning system (GPS)-disciplined quartz oscillator can provide a precise time and frequency standard. However, possible phase errors and biases caused by oscillator phase noise must be suppressed or compensated for some applications, e.g., distributed radar systems, in which a rigorous phase or frequency synchronization precision is required. Moreover, the quartz oscillator is necessary to provide a holdover of time or frequency when the GPS signals are lost. This letter presents a signal processing and hardware design strategy for suppressing phase noise in GPS-disciplined frequency synchronization systems. Firstly, the quartz oscillator frequency is disciplined by the GPS pulse-per-second (PPS) signals. Next, a recursive algorithm is applied to suppress the possible jitters when the GPS PPS signals are lost. Finally, a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)-based multiple frequency tuning synthesizer is presented to generate the whole system frequencies. Although the use of GPS signal to discipline oscillator for frequency transfer is not a new concept, the originality of this letter lies in the proposed phase noise suppression methods, along with the hardware design strategies.
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Tang, Taiwen, Chen Wu, and Janaka Elangage. "A Signal Processing Algorithm of Two-Phase Staggered PRI and Slow Time Signal Integration for MTI Triangular FMCW Multi-Target Tracking Radars." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072296.
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In this paper, a novel signal processing algorithm for mitigating the radar blind speed problem of moving target indication (MTI) for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) multi-target tracking radars is proposed. A two-phase staggered pulse repetition interval (PRI) solution is introduced to the FMCW radar system. It is implemented as a time-varying MTI filter using twice the hardware resources as compared to a uniform PRI MTI filter. The two-phase staggered PRI FMCW waveform is still periodic with a little more than twice the period of the uniform PRI radar. We also propose a slow time signal integration scheme for the radar detector using the post-fast Fourier transformation Doppler tracking loop. This scheme introduces 4.77 dB of extra signal processing gain to the signal before the radar detector compared with the original uniform PRI FMCW radar. The validation of the algorithm is done on the field programmable logic array in the loop test bed, which accurately models and emulates the target movement, line of sight propagation and radar signal processing. A simulation run of tracking 16 s of the target movement near or at the radar blind speed shows that the total degradation from the raw post-fast Fourier transformation received signal to noise ratio is about 2 dB. With a 20 dB post-processing signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm for the moving target at around a 20 km range and with about a −3.5 dB m2 radar cross section at a 1.5 GHz carrier frequency, the tracking errors of the two-dimensional angles with a 4×4 digital phased array are less than 0.2 degree. The range tracking error is about 28 m.
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Song, Kai-Tai, and Chen-Chu Chlen. "Visual tracking of a moving person for a home robot." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 219, no. 4 (June 1, 2005): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095965105x9597.
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This paper presents a visual tracking system for a home robot to pursue a person. The system works by detecting a human face and tracking a person via controlling a two-degree-of-freedom robot head and the robot body. An image processing system has been developed to extract facial features using a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) web camera. An algorithm is proposed to recognize a human face by using skin colour and elliptical edge information of a human face. A digital signal processing (DSP)-based motor control card is designed and implemented for robot motion control. The visual tracking control system has been integrated on a self-constructed prototype home robot. Experimental results show that the robot tracks a person in real-time.
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Boncalo, Oana, Alexandru Amaricai, and Zsófia Lendek. "Fault Tolerant Digital Data-Path Design via Control Feedback Loops." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101721.
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In this paper, we propose a novel fault tolerant methodology for digital pipelined data-paths called Control Feedback Loop Error Decimation (CFLED), that reduces the error magnitude at the outputs. The data-path is regarded from a control perspective as a process affected by perturbations or faults. Based on the corresponding dynamic model, we design feedback control loops with the goal of attenuating the effect of the faults on the output. The correction loops apply correction factors to selected data-path registers from blocks that have their execution rewinded. We apply the proposed methodology on the data-path of a controller designed for a 2-degree of freedom robot arm, and compare the cost and reliability to the generic triple modular redundancy. For Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology, the solution we propose uses 30% less slices with respect to Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), while having a third less digital signal processing blocks. Simulation results show that our approach improves the reliability and error detection.
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Zaitsev, A. V. "Digitization of analog signals." E-Management 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2021-4-1-13-19.
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We live in the world of digital technologies – everyone has a digital phone, television has switched to a digital broadcasting format as it is more noise-immune, digital processes are literally in every household appliance, from the iron to the computer on which this article was written. Digital technologies simplify our lives, some operations performed by humans require large material costs, for example, writing text on a typewriter and computer vary greatly. The gain of the computer is especially evident when editing the test. They brought us comfort – how nice it is when the processor that monitors the temperature in the house increased the heat supply during a cold snap or reduced it in order to save money in the absence of people in the house.But in order for the digital system to perform this or that action, it needs a command coming from the sensor. It can be a temperature, humidity, pressure sensor. Or maybe a microphone used in voice control systems. All these sensors, without which the operation of a digital system is impossible, give an analog signal that changes its value over time. The digital system is not sensitive to such a signal. It “does not understand” the signal. The problem is solved by ADC (analog-to-digital converters). They have a different structure, varying degrees of complexity, the device, depending on the parameters of the digitized signal. For example, the temperature in the house changes very slowly, even when warming up or when the heating is turned off in frost, the temperature rises or, accordingly, does not fall faster than one degree per hour. The ADC speed requirements for the temperature sensor are very low. Instead, a microphone is used to receive voice commands. In order to distinguish the voices of people and to carry out the commands of some people and not to carry out commands from others, processing of the signal spectrum with a width of kilohertz is required - which means that the signal level will change at a frequency of thousands of times per second. This is a very high demand. The different types of ADCs, their design and application will be discussed in this article.
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Li, Zhi Ping, Chuan Xian Jiang, and Zhi Li. "A New Watermarking Algorithm for Relational Database Copyright Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1713.
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In order to enhance the robustness of database watermark, a watermarking algorithm for relational database copyright protection is proposed. Some types of data are selected from the relational database according to filtering rules, and two-dimension signal is formed. Then, the watermarking is embedded into the wavelet domain of two-dimension signal. We analyze that the wavelet high frequency coefficients of corresponding data follow the Gauss distribution and give the definition of the intensive factor. Employing the linear correlation detecting method, we can embed the watermark successfully in wavelet domain. The watermark can be distributed to different parts of the relational database. Experimental results show that the embedded digital watermarks with the proposed algorithm are invisible and some degree of robustness against the commonly used database processing techniques.
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Schneider, M., H. Blume, and T. G. Noll. "Power estimation on functional level for programmable processors." Advances in Radio Science 2 (May 27, 2005): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-2-215-2004.
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Abstract. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Verlustleistungsschätzung von programmierbaren Prozessoren vorgestellt und bezüglich ihrer Übertragbarkeit auf moderne Prozessor-Architekturen wie beispielsweise Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)-Architekturen bewertet. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt hierbei auf dem Konzept der sogenannten Functional-Level Power Analysis (FLPA). Dieser Ansatz basiert auf der Einteilung der Prozessor-Architektur in funktionale Blöcke wie beispielsweise Processing-Unit, Clock-Netzwerk, interner Speicher und andere. Die Verlustleistungsaufnahme dieser Bl¨ocke wird parameterabhängig durch arithmetische Modellfunktionen beschrieben. Durch automatisierte Analyse von Assemblercodes des zu schätzenden Systems mittels eines Parsers können die Eingangsparameter wie beispielsweise der erzielte Parallelitätsgrad oder die Art des Speicherzugriffs gewonnen werden. Dieser Ansatz wird am Beispiel zweier moderner digitaler Signalprozessoren durch eine Vielzahl von Basis-Algorithmen der digitalen Signalverarbeitung evaluiert. Die ermittelten Schätzwerte für die einzelnen Algorithmen werden dabei mit physikalisch gemessenen Werten verglichen. Es ergibt sich ein sehr kleiner maximaler Schätzfehler von 3%. In this contribution different approaches for power estimation for programmable processors are presented and evaluated concerning their capability to be applied to modern digital signal processor architectures like e.g. Very Long InstructionWord (VLIW) -architectures. Special emphasis will be laid on the concept of so-called Functional-Level Power Analysis (FLPA). This approach is based on the separation of the processor architecture into functional blocks like e.g. processing unit, clock network, internal memory and others. The power consumption of these blocks is described by parameter dependent arithmetic model functions. By application of a parser based automized analysis of assembler codes of the systems to be estimated the input parameters of the Correspondence to: H. Blume (blume@eecs.rwth-aachen.de) arithmetic functions like e.g. the achieved degree of parallelism or the kind and number of memory accesses can be computed. This approach is exemplarily demonstrated and evaluated applying two modern digital signal processors and a variety of basic algorithms of digital signal processing. The resulting estimation values for the inspected algorithms are compared to physically measured values. A resulting maximum estimation error of 3% is achieved.
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Amlani, Amyn M. "Efficacy of Directional Microphone Hearing Aids: A Meta-Analytic Perspective." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 12, no. 04 (April 2001): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745598.
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AbstractThe literature suggests that directional microphone hearing aids (DMHAs) are a viable means for improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for hearing-impaired listeners. The amount of directional advantage they provide, however, remains relatively unclear because of variability observed among individual studies. The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to establish the degree of advantage provided by DMHAs. Data were synthesized from 72 and 74 experiments, respectively, on omnidirectional hearing aids and DMHAs representing both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. Using a meta-analytic approach, 138 weighted averages were derived for a variety of comparable independent and dependent variables. Comparisons were made for hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners. Findings are discussed with regard to their clinical and research implications. Abbreviations: BTE - behind the ear, Cl95 = 95 percent confidence interval, DA = directional advantage, DMHA = directional microphone hearing aid, DSP = digital signal processing, HI = hearing impaired, ITE = in the ear, NH = normal hearing, ODHA = omnidirectional microphone hearing aid, RT = reverberation time, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio.
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Hu, Xiao Fang, Lei Zhao, Xing Shun Gao, Shu Bin Liu, and Qi An. "A Fully Digital Beam Position and Phase Measurement Electronics for the Proton LINAC in ADS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.379.
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The beam measurement is essential for an accelerator. In the proton LINAC in China Accelerator Driven Sub-critical system (ADS), a high resolution measurement of beam position and phase is required within one single system. To meet the requirement, this beam position and phase measurement (BPPM) electronics is designed based on a direct RF under-sampling technique, which simplifies both the analog and digital processing circuits. The signals received from the LINAC are narrow pulses with a repetition frequency of 162.5 MHz and a dynamic range more than 40 dB. After analog manipulation, the input RF signals are directly converted to In-phase and Quadrature-phase (IQ) streams through under-sampling based on the high-speed high-resolution Analog-to-Digital conversion technique. All signal processing is integrated in one single FPGA, in which real-time beam position, phase and current can be obtained. A series of simulations and tests have been conducted to evaluate the performance. Initial test results indicate that this system achieves a position resolution better than 20 um and a phase resolution better than 0.1 degree over a 40 dB dynamic range with the bandwidth of 780 kHz, which is well beyond the application requirements.
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Akishin, A. D., A. P. Nikolaev, and A. V. Pisareva. "PPG System Development for the Organism Physiological Parameters Monitoring with Artificial Intelligence Technologies." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012187.
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Abstract Monitoring such health parameters as cardiac rate (CR), respiration rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), degree of oxygen in blood (SpO2), body temperature and other requires careful approach to design and development of medical devices. New non-invasive methods introduced in measuring human physiological parameters based on photoplethysmography (PPG) demonstrated their significant potential in monitoring the state of an organism, but their use in wearable devices is largely hampered by exposure to motion artifacts. This article presents a device for photoplethysmographic studies using various adaptive algorithms for processing the registered signals. The work uses artificial intelligence technologies to monitor the heart rate exposed to external mechanical and electrical interference worsening accuracy characteristics of the system. Besides, system architecture was developed, and a device model was manufactured, which made it possible to measure the optimal algorithm for digital signal processing. When using the PPG system, methods of adaptive signal processing based on Wiener filters, filters on the method of least squares (MLS) and Kalman filtering were used. To ensure heart rate monitoring with the given accuracy, studies were performed with participation of volunteers, and analysis was carried out of the results of various signal processing algorithms operation. In the course of experimental studies, a method was proposed to estimate the heart rate calculation accuracy and to analyze the external noise filtering efficiency by adaptive algorithms. PPG designed and developed system made it possible to monitor the heart rate with the given accuracy, control the organism current state and could be used as a means of cardiovascular disease diagnostics.
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Zheleznjak, V. K., S. V. Lavrov, A. G. Filipovich, and M. M. Baranouski. "Synthesis of a measuring composite signal for assessing the security of speech signals during discrete-quantized transformation." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-6-81-87.
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The purpose of the work is to systematically analyze and generalize a high-precision measuring signal for assessing the security in leakage channels in high-level noise by discrete-quantized representation of speech signals using the principles of amplitude-pulse modulation. It has been established that time sampling and level quantization of high-speed high-quality speech signals for digitalization are the main sources of information leakage. It is shown that to determine the degree of information security for high-quality high-speed transmission in broadband information transmission channels, it is necessary to use a complex measuring (test) composite signal. Requirements for the measuring signal are determined by the features of the discretequantized representation of speech signals. It is proposed to use a periodic pulse sequence of a triangular shape as a measuring signal. The triangular measurement signal has an advantage over the harmonic signal in the quantization noise extraction process, since allows you to achieve higher accuracy when processing it. To assess the security of the channel due to pulse-amplitude modulation, a harmonic signal is used, formed from a periodic pulse sequence of a triangular shape by the Fourier transform method. The use of the proposed measuring composite signal makes it possible to establish its numerical dependence with the numerical value of the signal taken as normalized and compare it to make a decision about the security of the speech signal. The materials presented in the article are original and can be used to assess the security of the channels of leakage of speech signals converted into digital form. In addition, the results obtained make it possible to carry out further studies of the security of speech signals during their reverse conversion from digital form to the original signal.
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Russell, Daniel A., and Andrew Barnard. "Graduate education in acoustics at a distance from Penn State." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015763.
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The Graduate Program in Acoustics at Penn State has been providing access to graduate level education in Acoustics for remote students across the country and around the world for more than 35 years. This poster summarizes the distance education Acoustics program from Penn State by showcasing student demographics, capstone paper topics, enrollment statistics and trends, and the success of our graduates. Our distance education program is offered in conjunction with our resident graduate program—course lectures are broadcast as a live stream over Zoom from a hybrid multimedia classroom allowing remote students to engage with faculty and students during live lectures; archived recordings are available for offline viewing afterward. Courses offered for distance education students include: fundamentals of acoustics and vibration, electroacoustic transducers, signal processing, acoustics in fluid media, sound and structure interaction, digital signal processing, aerodynamic noise, acoustic measurements and data analysis, ocean acoustics, architectural acoustics, noise control engineering, nonlinear acoustics, outdoor sound propagation, computational acoustics, flow induced noise, spatial sound and 3D audio, marine bioacoustics, and acoustics of musical instruments. Distance Education students can earn the M.Eng. in Acoustics degree remotely by completing 30 credits of coursework and writing a capstone paper.
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Patel, Sneh, Sara Fridovich-Keil, Shauna A. Rasmussen, and Judith L. Fridovich-Keil. "DAB-quant: An open-source digital system for quantifying immunohistochemical staining with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): e0271593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271593.
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Here, we describe DAB-quant, a novel, open-source program designed to facilitate objective quantitation of immunohistochemical (IHC) signal in large numbers of tissue slides stained with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Scanned slides are arranged into separate folders for negative controls and test slides, respectively. Otsu’s method is applied to the negative control slides to define a threshold distinguishing tissue from empty space, and all pixels deemed tissue are scored for normalized red minus blue (NRMB) color intensity. Next, a user-defined tolerance for error is applied to the negative control slides to set a NRMB threshold distinguishing stained from unstained tissue and this threshold is applied to calculate the fraction of stained tissue pixels on each test slide. Results are recorded in a spreadsheet and pseudocolor images are presented to document how each pixel was categorized. Slides can be analyzed in full, or sampled using small boxes scattered randomly and automatically across the tissue area. Quantitation of sampling boxes enables faster processing, reveals the degree of heterogeneity of signal, and enables exclusion of problem areas on a slide, if needed. This system should prove useful for a broad range of applications. The code, usage instructions, and sample data are freely and publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/sarafridov/DAB-quant) and at protocols.io (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.dm6gpb578lzp/v1).
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Mychuda, Zynoviy, Igor Zhuravel, Lesia Mychuda, Adam Szcześniak, and Zbigniew Szcześniak. "Modelling a New Multifunctional High Accuracy Analogue-to-Digital Converter with an Increased Number of Inputs." Electronics 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111677.
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This paper presents a multi-input analogue-to-digital functional converter manufactured using switched capacitors. A new method of multifunctional analogue-to-digital processing was tested, which allowed the number of inputs to be increased to 10 without compromising accuracy. An algorithm was developed, and the converter’s operation was modelled based on this method. It was found that error values are not significantly affected by the number of input voltages. The value of the lowest input voltage has a decisive influence on the conversion time. The examined multi-input analogue-to-digital functional converter performs multiplication, division, exponentiation, and root extraction operations. The exponent of the power and the degree of the root corresponds to the number of inputs of the converter.
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Tang, Taiwen, Chen Wu, and Janaka Elangage. "Analyze the FMCW Waveform Skin Return of Moving Objects in the Presence of Stationary Hidden Objects Using Numerical Models." Electronics 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010028.
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In this paper, a high-performance antenna array system model is presented to analyze moving-object-skin-returns and track them in the presence of stationary objects using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW). The main features of the paper are bonding the aspects of antenna array and electromagnetic (EM) wave multi-skin-return modeling and simulation (M&S) with the aspects of algorithm and measurement/tracking system architecture. The M&S aspect models both phase and amplitude of the signal waveform from a transmitter to the signal processing in a receiver. In the algorithm aspect, a novel scheme for FMCW signal processing is introduced by combining time- and frequency-domain methods, including a vector moving target indication filter and a vector direct current canceller in time-domain, and a constant false alarm rate detector and a mono-pulse digital beamforming angle tracker in frequency-domain. In addition, unlike previous designs of using M × N fast Fourier transform (FFT) for an M × N array, only four FFTs are used, which tremendously save time and space in hardware. With the presented model, the detection of the moving-target-skin-return in stationary objects under a noisy environment is feasible. Therefore, to track long range and high-speed objects, the proposed technique is promising. Using a scenario having (1) a target with 17 dBm2 radar cross section (RCS) at about 40 km range with 5.936 Mach speed and 11.6 dB post processing signal to noise ratio, and (2) a strong stationary clutter with 37 dBm2 RCS located at the proximity of the target, it demonstrates that the root-mean-square errors of range, angle, and Doppler measurements are about 26 m, 0.68 degree, and 1100 Hz, respectively.
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Shults, R. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL MODULES ON ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR BACHELOR’S DEGREE CURRICULA IN ARCHITECTURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-115-2019.
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Abstract. Modern specialists in the field of architecture work exclusively in three-dimensional space. At the same time, their training completely ignores the state-of-the-art technologies associated with obtaining three-dimensional models of engineering structures. In such circumstances, the connections between the three key participants in the design and construction of engineering structures, namely architects, builders, and surveyors are broken. The main technology that allows obtaining three-dimensional models is photogrammetry. The purpose of the presented article is to determine the subject matter of close-range photogrammetry in solving architectural design problems. Based on certain architectural tasks, educational modules for the discipline of architectural photogrammetry of the bachelor educational level were developed. The peculiarity of the proposed program is that it is designed in such a way that it allows using the whole complex of the modern achievements in the field of automated image processing and the specifics of setting and solving architectural problems. At the same time, this program covers such modern technologies and concepts as UAV photogrammetry, digital photogrammetry, photogrammetric scanning, BIM, GIS, etc. Such an approach allows students without problems to learn several special knowledge, which is owned by surveyors and photogrammetrists. The approximate content of the course of architectural photogrammetry for bachelor students is presented.
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Matkowskyj, Kristina A., Randal Cox, Robert T. Jensen, and Richard V. Benya. "Quantitative Immunohistochemistry by Measuring Cumulative Signal Strength Accurately Measures Receptor Number." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 2 (February 2003): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100209.
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We previously demonstrated that quantitative immunohistochemistry (Q-IHC) performed by measuring the cumulative signal strength of the digital file encoding an image can be used to determine the absolute amount of chromogen present per pixel. We now show that Q-IHC so performed can be used to accurately determine the amount of peptide hormone receptor of interest in archived tissues. To do this we transfected Balb 3T3 fibroblasts with the cDNA encoding the human receptor for gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and selected six cell lines stably expressing between 102 and 106 receptors/cell. These cell lines were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and treated with antipeptide antibodies against the GRP receptor, followed by DAB chromogen to identify bound antibody. Images were acquired using a 4.9 million pixel digital scanning 24-bit RGB camera, saved in TIFF format, and used for subsequent analysis. Q-IHC was performed after digitally dissecting out the relevant portion of the image for analysis, and processing using a program written in C (available at http://www.uic.edu/com/dom/gastro/Freedownloads.html ). Under the conditions defined here, chromogen quantity as determined by Q-IHC tightly correlated with GRP receptor number (r2=0.867) in these cell lines. Using the conversion factor identified as a result of these studies, we then determined GRP receptor number on eight randomly selected, archived human colon cancers. Overall GRP receptor expression in colon cancer depended on the degree to which cells within any particular tumor were differentiated, with well-differentiated cells expressing the greatest numbers of receptors (∼55,000 ± 10,000 sites/cell). These studies indicate that Q-IHC can be used to determine receptor quantity in archived tissues and other samples of limited quantity.
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Shafique, Arslan, Abid Mehmood, Mourad Elhadef, and Kashif Hesham khan. "A lightweight noise-tolerant encryption scheme for secure communication: An unmanned aerial vehicle application." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): e0273661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273661.
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In the modern era, researchers have focused a great deal of effort on multimedia security and fast processing to address computational processing time difficulties. Due to limited battery capacity and storage, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) must use energy-efficient processing. In order to overcome the vulnerability of time inefficiency and provide an appropriate degree of security for digital images, this paper proposes a new encryption system based on the bit-plane extraction method, chaos theory, and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Using confusion and diffusion processes, chaos theory is used to modify image pixels. In contrast, bit-plane extraction and DWT are employed to reduce the processing time required for encryption. Multiple cyberattack analysis, including noise and cropping attacks, are performed by adding random noise to the ciphertext image in order to determine the proposed encryption scheme’s resistance to such attacks. In addition, a variety of statistical security analyses, including entropy, contrast, energy, correlation, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and mean square error (MSE), are performed to evaluate the security of the proposed encryption system. Moreover, a comparison is made between the statistical security analysis of the proposed encryption scheme and the existing work to demonstrate that the suggested encryption scheme is better to the existing ones.
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Cheng, Le Feng, Jian Fu Peng, and Tao Yu. "Development of Special Users' Energy Saving Potential New Intelligent Diagnosis Detector Based on DSP2812 Technology." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.667.
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In order to solve the problem that special users energy saving potential is unable to diagnose automotive online, a new automatic diagnosis of energy saving potential method based on online DSP was proposed. This proposed method, together with a variety of techniques like modern power electronics, digital signal processing, high precision and fast sampling, high capacity storage, human-machine interaction technologies and so on, was applied to develop a corresponding special users energy saving potential diagnosis detector. The hardware design and DSP energy saving analysis software design of the detector were described firstly, and the results of field test were presented to demonstrate its feasibility. It is shown that, its advantages include easy-to-use, low cost, highly reliable, strong intelligence and easy to promote, thus can effectively improve the efficiency of electrical energy audit and the degree of information and automation.
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Jia, Zixuan. "Garden Landscape Design Method in Public Health Urban Planning Based on Big Data Analysis Technology." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2721247.
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Aiming at the goal of high-quality development of the landscape architecture industry, we should actively promote the development and integration of digital, networked, and intelligent technologies and promote the intelligent and diversified development of the landscape architecture industry. Due to the limitation of drawing design technology and construction method, the traditional landscape architecture construction cannot really understand the public demands, and the construction scheme also relies on the experience and subjective aesthetics of professionals, resulting in improper connection between design and construction. At present, under the guidance of the national strategy, under the background of the rapid development of digital technologies such as 5G, big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and digital twins, the high integration of landscape architecture construction and digital technology has led to the transformation of the production mode of landscape architecture construction. Abundant professional data and convenient information processing platform enable landscape planners, designers, and builders to evaluate the whole life cycle of the project more scientifically and objectively and realize the digitalization of the whole process of investigation, analysis, design, construction, operation, and maintenance. For the landscape architecture industry, the significance of digital technology is not only to change the production tools but also to update the environmental awareness, design response, and construction methods, which makes the landscape architecture planning and design achieve the organic combination of qualitative and quantitative and also makes the landscape architecture discipline more scientific and rational. In this paper, the new method of combining grey relational degree with machine learning is used to provide new guidance for traditional landscape planning by using big data information in landscape design and has achieved very good results. The article analyzes the guidance of landscape architecture design under the big data in China and provides valuable reference for promoting the construction of landscape architecture in China.
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Jirousek, Matthias, Sebastian Iff, Simon Anger, and Markus Peichl. "GigaRad – a multi-purpose high-resolution ground-based radar – system concept, error correction strategies and performance verification." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 3-4 (April 16, 2015): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871500063x.
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Recently DLR has developed and constructed a new experimental radar instrument [5] for various applications such as radar signature collection, synthetic aperture radar/inverse synthetic aperture radarimaging, motion detection, tracking, etc., where high performance and high flexibility have been the key drivers for system design. Consequently the multi-purpose and multi-channel radar called GigaRad is operated in X and Ku band and allows an overall bandwidth of up to 6 GHz, resulting in a theoretical range resolution of up to 2.5 cm. Hence, primary obligation is a detailed analysis of various possible error sources, being of no or less relevance for low-resolution systems. A high degree of digital technology enables advanced signal processing and error correction to be applied. The paper outlines main technical features of the radar system, the basic error correction and absolute calibration strategy, frequency limitations, and illustrates some imaging results.
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Kalpana, G., Raja Krishnamoorthy, and P. T. Kalaivaani. "Design and implementation of low-power CMOS biosignal amplifier for active electrode in biomedical application using subthreshold biasing strategy." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 18, no. 01 (May 29, 2019): 1941017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691319410170.
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Active Electrodes (AEs) are electrodes which have integrated bio-amplifier circuitry and are known to be less susceptible to motion artifacts and environmental interference. In this work, a low-power and high-input impedance amplifier for active electrode application is implemented based on subthreshold biasing strategies. In this proposed Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) device was versatile and numerical to achieve a high degree of programmability. It could be adapted to any other external part of one cochlear prosthesis, the sound analyzer that could be driven by a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). This research work also discusses the measurement of the electrode-skin impedance mismatch between two electrodes while concurrently measuring a bioelectrical signal without degradation of the performance of the amplifier, the efficient, noise-optimized analysis of bioelectrical signals utilizing two-wired active buffer electrodes. The reduction of power-line interference when using amplifying electrodes employing autonomous adaption of the gain of the subsequent differential amplification. The amplifier’s features include offset compensation, Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) improvement in software and a bandwidth extending down to DC. The proposed active electrode amplifier is designed using 90 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results exhibit up to the change in noise immunity and lessening in power utilization contrasted with the traditional bio-amplifier design at a similar delay.
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Chang, Sheng, Yunkai Deng, Yanyan Zhang, Rongxiang Wang, Jinsong Qiu, Wei Wang, Qingchao Zhao, and Dacheng Liu. "An Advanced Echo Separation Scheme for Space-Time Waveform-Encoding SAR Based on Digital Beamforming and Blind Source Separation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 3585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153585.
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To achieve high-resolution and wide-swath (HRWS) imaging, a space-time waveform-encoding (STWE) spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is adopted. In rugged terrain, the beam-pointing mismatch problem will appear when the traditional digital beamforming (DBF) technique is used to separate the received echoes. This problem leads to decreasing the received echo’s gain, deteriorating the quality of the image product and making the interpretation of SAR image difficult. To address this problem, an advanced echo separation scheme for STWE spaceborne SAR based on the DBF and blind source separation (BSS) is put forward in this paper. In the scheme, the echoes are transmitted within the adjacent pulse repetition intervals to simulate multiple beams, and the scattered echoes are received by the sixteen-channel antennas in elevation simultaneously. In post-processing, a detailed flow is adopted. In the method, the DBF is firstly performed on received echoes. Due to the error caused by terrain undulation, the degree of echo separation is not enough. Then, the BSS is performed on the multiple echoes obtained after the DBF processing. Finally, the highly separated echo signal can be obtained. In this scheme, there is no need to perform the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation before the DBF processing, which saves valuable computing resources. In addition, to verify the proposed scheme, point target and distributed target simulations based on the 16-channel data of an elevation X-band DBF-SAR system are carried out. The results of point targets indicate that the residual echo caused by rough terrain can be reduced by more than 14 dB using the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme can be directly implemented into existing SAR systems; thus, it does not increase the complexity of the system design. The scheme has the potential to be applied to future spaceborne SAR missions.
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Colonna, Francesco, Mariagrazia Graziano, Mario R. Casu, Xiaolu Guo, and Maurizio Zamboni. "Hardware Acceleration of Beamforming in a UWB Imaging Unit for Breast Cancer Detection." VLSI Design 2013 (June 13, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/861691.
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The Ultrawideband (UWB) imaging technique for breast cancer detection is based on the fact that cancerous cells have different dielectric characteristics than healthy tissues. When a UWB pulse in the microwave range strikes a cancerous region, the reflected signal is more intense than the backscatter originating from the surrounding fat tissue. A UWB imaging system consists of transmitters, receivers, and antennas for the RF part, and of a digital back-end for processing the received signals. In this paper we focus on the imaging unit, which elaborates the acquired data and produces 2D or 3D maps of reflected energies. We show that one of the processing tasks, Beamforming, is the most timing critical and cannot be executed in software by a standard microprocessor in a reasonable time. We thus propose a specialized hardware accelerator for it. We design the accelerator in VHDL and test it in an FPGA-based prototype. We also evaluate its performance when implemented on a CMOS 45 nm ASIC technology. The speed-up with respect to a software implementation is on the order of tens to hundreds, depending on the degree of parallelism permitted by the target technology.
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KUMAR R, AJITH. "Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Neuro Fuzzy Based Cartesian Robot for Soft Material Cutting." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 19, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2021.19.5.1038.
Full textAbstract:
Present technology used for soft material cutting robot are laser, water-jet, ultrasonic, plasma and oxy-gas cutting. The scope for designing and fabrication of soft material cutting robots are increasing due to its cost effectiveness and quality of cutting. Cartesian robots are mainly used in assembly and manufacturing applications. They also have a high degree of mechanical rigidity, accuracy, and repeatability. A previous work of more elementary kind was used as a skeleton model to start this work The purpose of the work is the maintenance and implementation of a 4 Degree of freedom robot and also to provide intelligence to the robot using Fuzzy logic and Neuro-Fuzzy for soft material cutting. The kinematic modeling of robot manipulator is done using Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) parameterization method and Euler-Lagrange method is used for dynamic analysis to determine actuator torque for each joint. The image is acquired with the help of the digital camera which is fixed in a suitable position so that it can scan the entire workspace. Prewitt edge detection algorithm was used for image processing and analysis. The signal for the cutting is interfaced through the Arduino Uno r3 controller.
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Antón-Sancho, Álvaro, Diego Vergara, and Pablo Fernández-Arias. "Self-Assessment of Soft Skills of University Teachers from Countries with a Low Level of Digital Competence." Electronics 10, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202532.
Full textAbstract:
The lockdown of March and April 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced relevant changes in the educational environment in a very short period of time, making it necessary to suspend in-person instruction and generating the need to implement virtual learning mechanisms. In a future post-COVID-19 hybrid educational model, it will be necessary for university teachers to acquire an optimal degree of digital competence, as a combination of different competencies, namely, (i) technical, (ii) digital, and (iii) soft. Soft skills have been shown to have a decisive influence on the development of digital competence. The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of acquisition of soft skills in Latin American university teachers whose countries are less digitally developed. For this purpose, the countries with the lowest Global Innovation Index (GII) were selected: (i) Panama; (ii) Peru; (iii) Argentina; (iv) El Salvador; (v) Ecuador; (vi) Paraguay; (vii) Honduras; and (viii) Bolivia. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to develop a questionnaire on the self-concept of soft skills, based on the soft skills included in the Bochum Inventory of Personality and Competences (BIP). Results obtained from statistical analysis of the data collected from a sample of 219 participants show that university teachers are sufficiently prepared, in terms of their soft skills, for the increase in digital competence required as a result of the COVID-19 crisis, despite the low level of digital development in their respective countries.
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Thorpe, CW, LJ Toop, and KP Dawson. "Towards a quantitative description of asthmatic cough sounds." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05060685.
Full textAbstract:
This study describes a method of quantitatively characterizing cough sounds using digital signal processing techniques. Differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic cough sounds are presented. Coughs from 12 asthmatic and 5 non-asthmatic subjects were analysed. Cough sounds and flows were digitized, at a sampling rate of 5 kHz, before and after a free-running exercise test. Individual coughs were divided into two or three phases, corresponding to the initial glottal opening burst, the quieter middle phase, and (sometimes) the final closing burst. Standard signal processing techniques were then invoked to characterize the spectral and temporal shapes of the first two phases. Factor analysis indicated that the spectral shapes of the two phases are independent, with each being largely described by the degree of "peakedness" in the spectrum, and by the balance of energy between low and high frequencies. Both the duration of the initial burst and zero-crossing rates of the cough waveform (which indicates the "spectral balance") during each of the first two phases were smaller for asthmatic than for non-asthmatic coughs. Fewer asthmatic coughs contained a final burst. Discriminant analysis between the two groups gave classification error rates of 20-30%. The peak flow recorded during the cough was significantly smaller for asthmatics, and correlated very well with the peak flow recorded during forced expiration. Thus, significant differences exist between asthmatic and non-asthmatic cough sounds. An effective representation of the temporal structure of the cough sound is required to successfully characterize the cough.
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Ilchenko, Svitlana, Naira Myshyna, and Anastasiia Fialkovska. "Advantages and disadvantages of distance education in teaching clinical discipline to students of the medical university." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 5 (50) (September 30, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2022.264792.
Full textAbstract:
The challenges of society have made adjustments to the medical education system of Ukraine. In the conditions of the pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the introduced martial law throughout the territory of Ukraine, distance learning (DL) turned out to be the only possible form of the educational process. The purpose of the study was to study the peculiarities of teaching the discipline "Propaedeutics of Pediatrics" in the conditions of the National Academy of Sciences. The process of DL at the Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases of the Dnipro State Medical University (DSMU) took place using the MOODLE electronic portal, the Google Meet video service, the YouTube platform, the website and the electronic magazine of the Dnipro State Medical University. An anonymous survey of 210 third-year students was conducted regarding their attitude and degree of satisfaction with the educational process at the Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases using educational distance technologies. As the results showed, the majority of the interviewed students are completely satisfied with the process of DL. However, when choosing a form of education, preference is still given to the classroom format of education. Among the advantages of DL, students noted the saving of time and financial costs for moving between buildings and clinical bases, the comfort of studying in a home environment, the possibility of studying at any convenient time, the availability of information resources, and the possibility of re-processing complex material. However, the biggest drawback of the DL was the lack of opportunity to work with the patient and master practical skills. So, DL, like any other method of teaching and learning, has its advantages and disadvantages. But currently existing technologies of medical education with the help of modern digital platforms, high-quality content filling of educational web resources, introduction of an effective system of quality control of acquired knowledge make it possible to adapt to the new realities of the educational process and ensure consistently high quality of medical education