Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Culture and Context'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Culture and Context"
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Zubarev, S. "Training in Kinesiology of Bachelor’s Degree Students of the direction "Physical Education for Persons with Deviations in Health"." Standards and Monitoring in Education 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-1740-2021-9-1-25-29.
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The article describes the content of the discipline "Kinesiology", developed for the training direction 49.03.02 "Physical culture for persons with disabilities in health (adaptive physical culture)", training profile "Adaptive sports". The urgency of the discipline is substantiated, its features are noted, and kinesiological methods of diagnostics and rehabilitation of persons with health disorders are given. The discipline ensures the formation of professional competencies among bachelors of the specified direction, knowledge, abilities, skills that meet the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard 3 ++. It instills labor functions that meet the professional standards "Trainer for adaptive physical culture and adaptive sports", "Instructor-methodologist for adaptive physical culture and adaptive sports" and "Specialist for rehabilitation work in the social sphere". The peculiarities of the issues studied, the depth of the study of the material are reflected in the indicators of achievement, indicating the labor ac-tions that students must demonstrate when completing the study of the discipline.
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Meissner, Andrzej. "U źródeł historii wychowania na ziemiach polskich." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 44 (January 3, 2023): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2021.44.11.
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The article revolves around the history of upbringing in Poland as a science discipline. The first historical-pedagogical works appeared in the Renaissance and were continued in Age of Enlightenment. However, it was not until the-19th century when a discipline called ‘history of upbringing’ was created. Its development, by East European standards, took place in difficult social and political circumstances. Poland, at that time annexed by Russia, Prussia and Austria, did not enjoy conditions conducive to scientific development. The annexation was counterbalanced by actions instigated by cultural, educational and scientific institutions. As a result, historical science could develop despite the political situation and the financial shortcomings. Introduction of pedagogy and history of upbringing at the Krakow and Lvov Universities was important to the development of the history of upbringing. Antoni Karbownik’s post-doctoral degree in the history of upbringing obtained in 1905 from the Jagiellonian University and post-doctoral degrees in pedagogy (also the Jagiellonian University) awarded to Leon Kulczyński, Euzebiusz Czerkawski, Aleksander Skórski, Antoni Danysz and Bolesław Mańkowski (Lvov University) were breakthroughs in the history of upbringing. For the areas of study to become disciplines of science, they had to be defined, including their research object and the methodological basis. Władysław Seredyński Franciszek Majchrowicz, Antoni Karbowiak and Antoni Danysz adopted a position on the subject. In the late 19th and the early 20th centuries the history of upbringing was perceived as a discipline of science related to history with respect to the ,methodology and with pedagogy with respect to the content, with its own research, terminology, sources and academic teachers. The history of education was officially a part of culture. In this context, educational matters should be viewed.
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Ivanova, Nelly. "THE PEDAGOGY STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF LANGUAGE CULTURE." Education and Technologies Journal 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26883/2010.221.4215.
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The problems related with the level of the language culture of the regular and part time students in pedagogy degree course of the Faculty of Education of Sofia university ‘’St. Kliment Ohridski’’ as potential future primary teachers are discussed in the article. The analysis is based on test study data from a research made in February–May 2022 in the context of the optional discipline Contemporary Bulgarian Language. The test items cover basic language concepts and grammar categories, as well as spelling peculiarities in order the level of the knowledge of contemporary Bulgarian language and the constructs from the different language branches – phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicology, stylistics – to be revealed. The test study results are interpretedon the basis of comparative analysis. The conclusions and generalizations from the analysis determine the proposed recommendations for the further improvement of the students’ language preparation. The main focus is on the importance of the language preparation and culture of the students in pedagogy as potential primary teachers. The study has been carried out as a part of a project supported by The Scientific Research Fund of Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“ for 2022 under the scientific guidance of Prof. Dr. Habil. Nelly Ivanova.
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Zubarev, S., G. Shul'gin, and A. Furaev. "The Content of the Discipline “Material and Technical Support of Physical Culture and Sports” in Accordance with the Requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard 3++ in the Direction of 49.03.04 “Sport”." Standards and Monitoring in Education 8, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-1740-2020-39-43.
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In the article authors propose the developed content of the discipline “Material and technical support of physical education and sports”. The application of the developed content will contribute to the development of knowledge and skills of bachelor’s degree students in sports, in accordance with the direction of training 49.03.04 “Sport”, recently approved by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, particularly, in the fi eld of maintenance and operation of sports buildings and facilities. The structure and content of the disciplines “Material and technical support of physical education and sports” are proposed in accordance with the competency-based requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard 3 ++ for the direction of training 49.03.04 “Sport”. Authors recommended labor functions and indicators of achievement, in accordance with the professional standards “Coach” and “Instructor-Methodist”.
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Rudneva, Tatyana I. "Means of developing the methodological culture of master degree students." Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 2, no. 125 (2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2022-2-125-43-50.
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Due to a number of objective reasons (the aging of pedagogical personnel, a request for a new type of lecturer), pedagogical education becomes in demand, the continuity of which is due to the specifics and peculiarities of pedagogical activity. The quality of training for the educational environment is determined by the ability to integrate pedagogical and scientific activities, which is proved by researchers. The nature of professional tasks in any sphere of activity in modern conditions is distinguished by abundance of situations of uncertainty, which requires a special culture of thinking. The article proves, on the basis of the difference between pedagogical activity and scientific activity, the need for master degree students to form the «psychology and pedagogics of professional education» course of methodological culture as a special form of pedagogical consciousness. For gaining an insight into the essence of theoretical pedagogical knowledge, it is necessary to take a certain methodological side, having mastered the scientific methods of understanding pedagogical processes. In the course of masters' methodological culture formation, the importance of the theoretical and methodological base is understood, on the basis of which a comprehensive analysis of the problem is carried out, conceptual ideas are substantiated, educational technologies are found and methodological recommendations are given. The article draws attention to the definition of pedagogical research logic and the level of its methodology adequately to the pedagogical science methodology which serves as a theoretical justification for pedagogical activity. Attention is drawn to the fact that a high level of a lecturer's professional readiness is determined by the availability of methodological literacy which contributes to obtaining reliable new scientific knowledge about pedagogical processes, mechanisms and content. The experience of their scientific preparation is presented, the understanding of which made it possible to develop the concept of the formation of a methodological culture, the dominant of which is the «Methodology and methods of organizing scientific research» discipline. Each of the four stages of the organization is represented by algorithms of methodological characteristics that as a whole determine the logic of scientific search. In accordance with this concept, lecturer-researchers are trained at the level of master's and postgraduate studies at Samara National Research University.
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Liutkevičienė, Danutė. "The image of the German in current literature and media." Verbum 12 (December 8, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.25.
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The aim of this article was to analyse the reflection of the image of the German in the examples from the current literature and the media present in the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language of the Vytautas Magnus University. The focus of the study went beyond the collocations with this word and the disclosure of the characteristic traits of Germans all the way to the meaning bestowed upon this word by the broader context – the sentence or a group of them. Examples containing all forms of the lexeme German were examined. A total of six different contexts in which Germans are mentioned were identified: these were the contexts of history, cooperation, sports, culture, characteristic traits, and science.
In the context of history, Germans are usually referred to as a belligerent nation, assailants, savage conquerors, invaders. The attitude towards them is negative as often as not. Things are different in the context of cooperation, where the attitude is positive and Germans are seen as friendly partners. In the contexts of sports, culture, and science, the story is more or less the same, with Germans regarded with respect as meritorious and high-ranking representatives of their field.The context of the characteristic traits of Germans has the highest degree of controversy and stereotype. Some data show that Germans, according to the popular belief, are neat, rational, organised, punctual, disciplined, hard-working, cultured, law-abiding; they are rather cold and reserved. Other examples, albeit much smaller in number, bear witness to quite the opposite: that Germans are neither punctual nor overly neat or cultured; some sources even say that they are friendly, merry, and approachable. Besides, this nature loves to travel.
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Struck, Peter T. "Classics: Curriculum & Profession." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00382.
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The challenges currently facing classicists are not so different from those our profession has faced for the last one hundred and fifty years, and with each challenge, a discipline sometimes imagined by outsiders to be slow to embrace the new has shown itself naturally disposed to experimentation. The discipline's agility derives from the unique degree of variegation in the modes of thinking required to thrive in it: from interpretive, to quantitative, to those relying on knowledge of culture and context. As the value of education is increasingly judged in terms of workforce development, we stand our best chance to thrive by sticking to our strengths, and anchoring our curricular goals and messages to the value of the liberal arts as a whole, as well as the intellectual dexterity that it fosters.
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Rędzioch-Korkuz, Anna M. "Towards a semiotic model of interlingual translation." Semiotica 2020, no. 236-237 (December 16, 2020): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2019-0027.
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AbstractThe discipline of translation studies has been recently challenged with powerful incentives from other sciences. This tendency has become visible especially in the context of more and more interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary methodologies, which have changed the profile of translation research to a considerable degree. It has also shifted the perspective with which scholars perceive key concepts of the discipline, many of which have become rather unpopular if not completely outdated. However, it seems true that instead of rejecting old terms translation scholars should try to reconcile the old and new by adopting more general frameworks that would allow them to re-interpret or re-write the existing knowledge. Moving intellectual investigations beyond the level of natural languages, semiotics may offer this framework. The article is an attempt to show the potential of a semiotics-based model of interlingual translation and to support the hypothesis that every act of translation is semiotic by nature. To this end it outlines the most significant ideas of semiotic approaches to translation studies and semiotics, with special attention to translation semiotics and semiotics of culture. This in turn helps to draft a working model of interlingual translation and its constraints.
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Taraeva, Galina R. "About Pedagogical Innovations in the Context of the Metamorphoses of Contemporary Musical Culture." Problemy Muzykal'noj Nauki / Music Scholarship, no. 3 (2022): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.56620/2782-3598.2022.3.196-208.
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Music theory in Russia and in other countries has substantially elucidated the contemporary academic music culture in its most diverse manifestations. However, educational practice which is focused on academic traditions has been realizing to a greater degree the lack of balance between pedagogy and culture. An evaluation of the situation as a critical one calls forth the ideas of a fundamental renewal of the strategies of musical teaching which are declared to be innovations. The article poses the question about the indispensability of the rectification of this conception, which is endowed with theoretical and practical value, but requires concretization in connection with the placed goals. The author examines the innovational educational principle of work on the advancement of the universal cultural background of students of higher educational institutions and colleges. In correspondence with such a phenomenon as the visualization of audial compositions permeating the network space, this involves a broad implementation of the visual element into the teaching of music theory disciplines. The principles of teaching must transform themselves from the positions of present-day culture and the new mechanisms of its existence.
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Sokolova, Inna V. "Assessing the quality of distance learning in the discipline “physical culture and sports” in the educational process of the university." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-4/07.
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The pandemic announced in the world requires non-standard solutions from teachers to implement a full-fledged educational process in the higher education system of the Russian Federation. The academic discipline Physical Culture and Sports is no exception. The use of accessible and modern wellness programs in the classroom is necessary for the full maintenance and strengthening of students ' health, increasing their motor activity during the day. Special responsibility is assigned to teachers who are able to organize a competent educational process in the context of distance learning, while observing all the principles of teaching. Modern information technologies have made it possible to conduct training sessions online on the Mirapolis platform. To do this, we used selected wellness programs published on YouTube, the Fitify program and the Pacer pedometer. Students studied under the guidance of a teacher, using a video link. Thus, the teacher could not only control the correctness of the exercises, but also adjust the programs. At the end of the semester of distance learning in the discipline Physical Culture and Sports, a survey of students was conducted, the purpose of which was to analyze the degree of their satisfaction with the organization and methodology of classes. The greatest difficulties in physical education (6.3% of respondents) were caused by 1st year students, nevertheless, the motivation for physical education has not changed. More than 50% of respondents are satisfied with the received physical activity in distance classes. Among the positive aspects of distance learning were noted: the absence of the need to spend time on the way to and from the place of study and, as a result, the availability of more free time 79%, low risk of infection (71%), the opportunity to study at an individual pace (56%). For 40% of respondents, it is an opportunity to use modern technologies. Thus, the results showed that the majority of students adapted well to the organization of distance learning at SPbGUP, including in the discipline physical culture and sports.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Culture and Context"
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Hsiao, Hsiang, and 蕭翔. "The Degree of High and Low Context Culture analysis for the Automobile Advertising of Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7nurh2.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
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The analysis of high-low culture context in advertising is a route to identify the information preference of consumers in a certain area. The high-culture context in advertising is a very popular method to delivery product’s information. When the government of Taiwan opened the gate for foreign investors to join the domestic market in 1980, the method of information encoding in advertising also started to changed but gradually. The study focused on figuring out the degree of comprehension toward high-low culture context of commercial films for the consumer in Taiwan. The qualitative methodology—in depth interview is used to fulfill the research. The 30 participants, age 30 to 60 years old, were invited to share their opinions after they viewed two films of Porsche’s ads, one was for domestic market and the other was for global market. The finding showed that most respondents can easily catch the point to the domestic ads—high culture context. However, the study also finds that participants aged 45 years and above could more or less understand and interpret the deeper meaning of Porsche’s ads for global market—low culture context. Furthermore, in terms of preference, virtually all of the respondents think the foreign-made advertisement is more interesting. This means that there is a growing tendency for the Taiwanese people to explore their inner value. The study concluded the consumers of Taiwan today still have the difficulties to understand foreign-made advertisements. The problems can be attributed to many social norms and cultural restrictions in Asian history, people are not dare to free themselves to pursue their inner value. Thus, it is recommended that local advertising firms in Taiwan could refer to the findings and draw up future guidelines to educate Taiwanese to listen to their inner voice and upgrade Taiwanese consumers’ comprehension to catch up with the development of Western nations as soon as possible.
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Cresswell, Debra Anne. "Team building : adding value or variety? A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business, Unitec Institute of Technology [i.e. Unitec New Zealand] /." Diss., 2009. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=unitec_bus_di.
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Saele, Cato. "Linking organisational culture and values with a firm's performance : a case study from the New Zealand airline industry. A 90 credit thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business, Unitec Business School, Unitec New Zealand /." Diss., 2007. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=unitec_me_di.
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Sun, Kang. "The influence of culture on graphic design : an investigation / research of Beijing 2008 and London 2012 Olympic Games graphic designs. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Communication, Unitec New Zealand /." Diss., 2007. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=unitec_comm_di.
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Wang, Yimei. "The relationship of the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism-collectivism, and face concerns, and of immigrant status on the conflict management styles of Chinese managers of ENZ subordinates in the New Zealand workplace. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Communication, Unitec New Zealand /." Diss., 2009. http://www.coda.ac.nz/context/unitec_comm_di/article/1008/type/native/viewcontent.
Full textBooks on the topic "Degree Discipline: Culture and Context"
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Orehova, Elena, and Lyudmila Polunina. History and current state of youth policy abroad. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1023713.
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The textbook is an innovative presentation of the discipline program "History and current state of youth policy abroad". The authors consider the process of formation and development of youth policy of the leading world powers in a broad socio-cultural context, relying on numerous authentic sources and relevant documents of international organizations devoted to social policy and sociology.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying under bachelor's degree programs in the field of training 39.03.03 "Organization of work with youth", and will also be of interest to specialists in the field of state youth policy and work with youth, teachers of humanities, researchers.
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Mihel', Dmitriy. Medical Anthropology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1072201.
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The textbook sets out the goals and objectives of medical anthropology as an interdisciplinary field of scientific knowledge, discusses the range of its main problems. The most significant subject areas of the discipline are considered: health and disease in the context of culture, healing systems (traditional medicine and biomedicine), humanitarian problems of reproductive and mental health, etc.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For researchers, teachers and students of humanitarian and medical universities studying under bachelor's and master's programs, anyone interested in medical anthropology.
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Bishop, Ryan, and Sunil Manghani, eds. Seeing Degree Zero. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474431415.001.0001.
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In the fields of literature and the visual arts, 'zero degree' represents a neutral aesthetic situated in response to, and outside of, the dominant cultural order. Taking Roland Barthes' 1953 book Writing Degree Zero as just one starting point, but with reference to broader historical discourse that picks up on critical notions of 'zero', 'zero degree', and the 'neutral, this volume examines the historical, theoretical and visual impact of the term and draws directly upon the editors' ongoing collaboration with artist and writer Victor Burgin. The book is composed of key chapters by the editors and Burgin, a series of collaborative texts with Burgin and four commissioned essays concerned with the relationship between Barthes and Burgin in the context of the spectatorship of art. It includes an in-depth dialogue regarding Burgin's long-term reading of Barthes and a lengthy image-text, offering critical exploration of the Image (in echo of earlier theories of the Text). Also included are translations of two projections works by Burgin, Belledonne and Prairie, which work alongside and inform the collected essays. Overall, the book provides a combined reading of both Barthes and Burgin, which in turn leads to new considerations of visual culture, the spectatorship of art and the political aesthetic. Taken together, the volume argues that the critical concept of 'zero degree' presents a common, underlying interest threaded through the work of Roland Barthes and Victor Burgin. With respect to literature and the visual arts, it specifies a 'neutral' aesthetic situated in response to and outside of the dominant cultural order. This book provides an historical, theoretical and visual exploration of this term as it pertains to the writing and art practices of both Barthes and Burgin.
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Ekelund, Robert B., John D. Jackson, and Robert D. Tollison. Markets, Culture, and American Art. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657895.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces the rationale for studying and analyzing the economic aspects of American art as a “category” of art genres and, more generally, it places the market for art in the context of trade for all goods and services. Art, like all traded goods, possesses credence characteristics, but they are present to a significant degree since the requisite assurance of authenticity is often difficult to determine. The chapter also explains why American art can be segmented for study apart from a “homogeneous” art category and also as two markets—one prior to art produced before 1950, and another that has come to be called contemporary American art. Chapter 1 previews the remainder of the book in which both semi-technical issues, such as artistic productivity, auction estimates, and investments, and narrative issues, including art crime, fakes, art marketing “death effects,” and contemporary art bubbles, are dissected from an economic perspective.
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Crow, Michael M., and William B. Dabars. Interdisciplinarity and the Institutional Context of Knowledge in the American Research University. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.38.
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This chapter assesses the accommodation of interdisciplinarity in the American research university in terms of the reflexive relationship between knowledge production and its institutional context. Although the tacit assumption in academic culture is that institutional frameworks have already been optimally configured to facilitate knowledge production, the process remains defined by the traditional correlation between academic disciplines and departments, and, more broadly, the filiopietism and isomorphism that impede the development of new models for the set of research universities. Entrenchment in discipline-based departments mirrors an academic culture that prizes individualism over teamwork and the discovery of specialized knowledge over problem-based collaboration. An overview of theoretical approaches and relevant models in this context precedes a brief historical survey of the institutional accommodation of interdisciplinarity. The chapter issues a call for mutual intelligibility among academic disciplines, and concludes with a case study.
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Mura, Anna, and Tony J. Prescott. A sketch of the education landscape in biomimetic and biohybrid systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0064.
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The Living Machines approach, which can be seen as an exemplar methodology for a wider initiative towards “convergent science,” implies and requires a transdisciplinary understanding that bridges from between science and engineering and to the social sciences, arts, and humanities. In addition, it emphasizes a mix of basic and applied approaches whilst also requiring an awareness of the societal context in which modern research and innovation activities are conducted. This chapter explores the education landscape for postgraduate programs related to the concept of Living Machines, highlighting some challenges that should be addressed and providing suggestions for future course development and policy making. The chapter also reviews some of the within-discipline and across-discipline programs that currently exist, particularly within Europe and the US, and outlines an exemplar degree program that could provide the multi-faceted training needed to pursue research and innovation in Living Machines.
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McDonald, Russ. ‘Pretty Rooms’. Edited by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607747.013.0017.
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I first propose a new context for examining the sonnets and then scrutinize some verbal features of the poems with that context in mind. The context is visual design in the second half of the 16th century: the cultural commitment to arrangement in Tudor England is visible in furniture, textiles, gardening, and to a certain degree in painting, but especially in architecture, particularly Elizabethan domestic architecture. The feature I analyse is a species of poetic ornament: literal and lexical forms of repetition. My aim is to identify the increasing devotion to order in Elizabethan visual culture with the manifest delight in patterning exhibited in Shakespeare’s sonnets and shared by all the imaginative writers of the period.
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Gage, Bruce C. Working inside the walls. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0007.
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This chapter is a pragmatic discussion of the experience of working as a psychiatrist in correctional settings, whether jails or prisons. To work inside the walls, the psychiatrist must come to terms with the realities of the correctional setting in order to be secure, satisfied with the work, and clinically effective. There is no monolithic correctional culture. Each system and facility has its own unique culture and has evolved in some degree of isolation, emphasizing different philosophical approaches to the correctional mission and to criminal causation. This chapter examines the context in which clinical work is embedded: physical environment and security, correctional culture, personal safety, typical stressors, and individual liability. It is clearly not for everybody but the rewards can be tremendous. The quality of care in many facilities, especially prisons, is superior to care in the community. The clinical problems are unendingly fascinating. And, despite its downsides, having a setting with limited access to drugs that provides food, clothing, shelter, and medical care can allow a degree of patient improvement that may be difficult to realize in the community. Opportunities for creativity in treatment and program development are unparalleled. In many ways, correctional psychiatry is poised to lead the way in the treatment of some of the most ill and behaviorally disordered members of society.
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Conrad M, Bosire. Part II The Relationship Between the Legislature and the Executive, 4 Kenya’s Budding Bicameralism and Legislative–Executive Relations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759799.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the changes in the 2010 Kenyan constitution, which have resulted in a higher degree of separation of powers between the legislature and executive with an elaborate system of checks and balances. The decision to opt for a presidential system of government (as opposed to a parliamentary or mixed one) and the re-introduction of the Senate are the defining features of the legislative and executive organs. However, the new system is superimposed on a longstanding institutional and political culture that was based on the presence of executive dominance in legislative affairs in a unicameral setting. The new system of government will, therefore, operate in a broader social, political, and historical context that will have a greater impact on their overall effectiveness.
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Kapcia, Antoni, ed. Rethinking Past and Present in Cuba: Essays in memory of Alistair Hennessy. University of London, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/2105.9781908857996.
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This collection of essays and research articles has been designed, by its breadth of expertise and discipline, to pay suitable homage to the seminal influence and contribution made by the late Alistair Hennessy towards the development of Cuban studies. For that reason, it includes a judicious mixture of the old and the new, including several of the leading and internationally well-established experts on Cuban history, politics and culture, but also some up-and-coming researchers in the field; that mixture and the combination of topics (some addressing the past directly, others assessing the present within a historical context) reflects Hennessy’s own cross-disciplinary and open-minded approach to the study of the history of Cuba.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Culture and Context"
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Taylor-Pirie, Emilie. "Introduction: Stories of Science and Empire." In Empire Under the Microscope, 1–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84717-3_1.
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AbstractIn this introduction, Taylor-Pirie appraises the intersections of the ‘imaginative architecture of science and empire’ by examining how, as a fledging medical discipline at the fin de siècle, parasitology entered into significant encounters and exchanges with the literary and historical imagination. Introducing readers to Nobel Prize–winning parasitologist Ronald Ross (1857–1932), Taylor-Pirie lays the foundations for the rest of the book by examining how forms such as poetry and biography, genres such as imperial romance and detective fiction, and modes such as adventure and the Gothic together informed how tropical diseases, their parasites, and their vectors were understood in relation to race, gender, and nation. In addition to considering the contemporaneous public understanding of science, she also explores how parasitologists were often engaged in writing their own histories of the discipline, a practice that led to a predominantly white, predominantly male understanding of science that finds a legacy in gender disparities in STEM and biases in popular histories of medicine in favour of a mode of ‘heroic biography’. She provides a brief critical overview of the field of literature and science and places her methodology and the field in the context of contemporary topics like the Covid-19 pandemic, Black Lives Matter protests, and the heritage culture wars.
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Wissing, Marié P., Lusilda Schutte, and Christelle Liversage. "Embracing Well-Being in Diverse Contexts: The Third Wave of Positive Psychology and African Imprint." In Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, 3–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85924-4_1.
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AbstractFor a long time, well-being research had been driven from a Western perspective with a neglect of cultural and contextual variables. In this chapter we argue with reference to well-being research as manifested in positive psychology (PP) as a discipline, that contextual, metatheoretical and metadisciplinary perspectives need to be taken into account. Developments in PP over time are described, illustrating the importance of contexts and assumptions in understanding well-being, and how new assumptions in the third wave of PP resonate with old African wisdoms about interconnectedness as a core value in human lives. The first wave of PP focused on advocating for the positive in human functioning, many facets of well-being were differentiated in theory and empirical studies, while assuming a naturalist worldview and that findings from the West are globally applicable. The second wave showed that PP needs to take context, culture and negative facets of human life into account for understanding the nature and dynamics of well-being. The emerging third wave of PP is characterized by the acceptance of a strong relational ontology and trends towards contextualization, interconnectedness and post-disciplinarity. Harmonizing Western and African perspectives are indicated, and specifically also the understanding of well-being as harmony and harmonization. The third wave suggests a move to “well-being studies”, instead of the disciplinary bound “positive psychology studies”—a butterfly leaving its cocoon.
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Bremer, Anne, and Roger Strand. "Introduction." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter gives an overview of the context in which the book was written, and goes through the central themes being addressed. The book is a result of long-held collaborations between oncologists, clinicians, philosophers, STSers, anthropologists, economists, ethicists, and media studies scholars, who, for the most part, are affiliated to the Centre for Cancer Biomarker (CCBIO), in Bergen, Norway. In addressing the issues at stake and matters of concern around precision oncology and cancer biomarker research, the authors come to see precision oncology as a sociotechnical imaginary, around which a high degree of confusion between hope and reality is observed, and where debates around the feasibility and desirability of precision medicine are altogether political, social, ethical, scientific and medical. The contributions to this book variously approach the culture of biomarker research, powered to a significant extent by a sociotechnical imaginary of precision oncology, with a focus on the following overarching themes: (i) the uncomfortable knowledge that comes to undermine the legitimacy of precision oncology by point at its shortfalls, and the lack of ambivalence in the discourses and practices around precision oncology; (ii) the dynamics of framing and overflowing, when trying to control biological, social and ethical complexity; and (iii) the role of the economy of hope in legitimising and sustaining the imaginary of precision oncology, and the starch dichotomy between illness and disease it leads to.
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Ting, Rachel Sing Kiat, and Pei Lynn Foo. "Counseling Chinese Communities in Malaysia." In Research Anthology on Rehabilitation Practices and Therapy, 1175–201. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3432-8.ch058.
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This chapter presents the experiences of Chinese in Malaysia (CIM), in the context of mental health services. As the second largest ethnic group in Malaysia, CIM is diverse in its dialectic subculture, education, generation, geography, and degree of assimilation to the mainstream culture. The chapter introduces the ecological characteristics of CIM and how they shape the unique psychological challenges. Though CIM are known for their multilingual ability, strong work ethics, emphasis on education, and family piety, the clashes between tradition and modern values, the marginalized position in the Malaysian political arena, the stereotype of overachiever in education, and the “brain drain” movement of young elite CIM, have all caused a strain in CIM families as well as individuals. Moreover, they face both external and internal barriers in getting quality mental health care. It is therefore imperative to promote a mental health discipline that is open to serve CIM, as well as being sensitive to its cultural and historical backdrop.
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Ting, Rachel Sing Kiat, and Pei Lynn Foo. "Counseling Chinese Communities in Malaysia." In Multicultural Counseling Applications for Improved Mental Healthcare Services, 23–49. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6073-9.ch002.
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This chapter presents the experiences of Chinese in Malaysia (CIM), in the context of mental health services. As the second largest ethnic group in Malaysia, CIM is diverse in its dialectic subculture, education, generation, geography, and degree of assimilation to the mainstream culture. The chapter introduces the ecological characteristics of CIM and how they shape the unique psychological challenges. Though CIM are known for their multilingual ability, strong work ethics, emphasis on education, and family piety, the clashes between tradition and modern values, the marginalized position in the Malaysian political arena, the stereotype of overachiever in education, and the “brain drain” movement of young elite CIM, have all caused a strain in CIM families as well as individuals. Moreover, they face both external and internal barriers in getting quality mental health care. It is therefore imperative to promote a mental health discipline that is open to serve CIM, as well as being sensitive to its cultural and historical backdrop.
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Keating, Ryan W. "Disorder and Discipline." In Shades of Green. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823276592.003.0006.
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This chapter supports the broader argument against relying on an ethnic-specific narrative to analyze Irish American service. The politics and discipline within these regiments reflected the realities of the mass organization of men into citizen soldiers. Understanding military justice in Irish regiments shows how these units operated on the day-to-day basis. This focus allows the experiences of these soldiers to be contextualized as part of the broader war effort. Their experiences in maneuvering the systems of rank and military courts transcends ethnicity and yields fascinating insight into how these men behaved under wartime conditions. All three regiments in this study suffered, to some degree, from disorder. But this was typical within the larger context of the military justice, especially where circumstances promoted such behavior. Volunteers often understood their relationships with fellow soldiers personally rather than within the context of the broader social or political issues of the period.
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del Cerro Santamaría, Gerardo. "Possibilities and Challenges for Intercultural Research in Global Urbanism." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 94–115. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0214-3.ch005.
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Globalization has brought about an increased exposure to intercultural contexts and practices. Researchers see how their professional practices include an increasing degree of exposure to researchers and practices from other cultural contexts and disciplines. In the field of urbanism, this happens via two processes that the author will analyze in this chapter: (1) processes of participatory learning and research in networks formed by alliances of researchers, or researchers and citizens, in the intercultural city; (2) transnational circuits of research ideas (a process of intercultural symbiosis). The author analyze processes of intercultural research as alliances and circuits and assemblages (participatory, transnational urbanism) as means to highlight the complex nature of intercultural practices and their implications.
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Deis, D. A., O. S. Wegner, and P. G. Wegner. "THE SPECIFICS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF CLASSES ON PHYSICAL CULTURE AT A MEDICAL UNIVERSIT." In Filosofskie, sociologičeskie i psihologo-pedagogičeskie problemy sovremennogo obrazovaniâ., 225–28. Altai State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0576-2021-3-225-228.
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The study is devoted to the analysis of the formation of physical culture of students in a medical university. The specificity of the medical profession contains a number of important characteristics (emotional and volitional stability, endurance, physical and mental endurance, dexterity in carrying out medical procedures, motor coordination, etc.) that require appropriate physical training. Physical culture in this regard for physicians is not only a part of general culture, but also a professional culture. However, as shown by a sociological survey of medical students, they do not sufficiently assess the degree of importance of the discipline “Physical culture”. This requires the development of new approaches to organizing and conducting physical education classes in a medical University including such as the proposed practice-oriented (D.A. will allow raising the status of the discipline in question in a medical university and linking it with the professional training of medical students.
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Musendekwa, Menard, and Ester Rutoro. "Contextualising Theology." In Examining a New Paradigm of Heritage With Philosophy, Economy, and Education, 71–84. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3636-0.ch006.
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While theology is an international discipline, there is a need to contextualize theology so that it can address the local expectations. This theme is critical for contemporary theological curriculum. Reformed Church University is providing an Honours Degree in Theology. Towards improving the curriculum, there is a need for contextualisation as an ongoing exercise as the context continues to change from time to time. Theology should therefore aim at addressing contemporary issues and increase the program viability. The author explores all the potential areas that need to be considered to achieve a heritage-based curriculum. While theology sometimes can be regarded as an exclusive discipline, there is potential for improvement when it incorporates national heritage.
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Strang, Kenneth David, and Narasimha Rao Vajjhala. "How Social Culture Impacts Young Executive Decision Making in a Context of Uncertainty." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 55–72. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4754-9.ch004.
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In this chapter, we explore social science theories that could explain how executives make decisions in contexts with a high degree of uncertainty. In particular we focus on how emerging young executives respond to risk in situations of uncertainty. First, we conduct a literature review followed by a critical analysis of socio-cultural decision-making literature. Then we performed a controlled experiment using a sample of senior university students to represent young executives. A context of uncertainty was designed which required the participants to work in small teams and make a decision based on incomplete and uncertain information about a managerial case study. In this way, we intended to illustrate what aspects of culture impacts decision making in a context of uncertainty.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Culture and Context"
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Colopy, Andrew. "(Digital) Design-Build Education." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.25.
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Architectural education is often held up as an exemplar of project-based learning. Perhaps no discipline devotes as much curricular time to the development of a hypothetical project as is found in the design studio model prevalent in US architecture schools. Whether the emphasis is placed on more ‘classical’ design skills—be they typological, tectonic, or aesthetic—or on more ‘socio-political or eco-cultural aims,’ studios generally include the skills and values we deem instrumental to practice.1 The vast majority of such studios, therefore, emphasize the production of drawings, images and models of buildings, i.e., representation.2 This is not altogether surprising, as these are, by definition, the instruments of p ractice.3 But the emphasis on drawings and models also reflects the comfortable and now long-held disciplinary position that demarcates representation as the distinct privilege and fundamental role of the architect in the built environment. That position, however, continues to pose three fundamental and pedagogical challenges for the discipline. First, architectural education—to the degree that it attempts both to simulate and define practice—struggles to model the kind of feedback that occurs only during construction which can serve as an important check on the fidelity and efficacy of representation in its instrumental mode. Consequently, design research undertaken in this context may also tend to privilege instrumentation (representation) over effect (building), reliant on the conventions of construction or outside expertise for technical knowledge. This cycle further distances the process of building from our disciplinary domain, limiting our capacity to effect innovation in the built world.4 Second, and in quite similar fashion, the design studio struggles to provide the kind of social perspective and public reception, i.e., subjective political constraints, that are integral to the act of building. Instead, we approximate such constraints with a raft of disciplinary experts—faculty and visiting critics—whose priorities and interests seldom reflect the broad constituency of the built environment. The third challenge, and a quite different one, is that the distinction between representation and construction is collapsing as a result of technological change. In general terms, drawing is giving way to modeling, representation giving way to simulation. Drawings are increasingly vestigial outputs from higher-order organizations of information. Representation, yes, but a subordinate mode that remains open to modification, increasingly intelligent in order to account for direct translation into material conditions, be they buildings or budgets.
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"The Discipline of Organizing in iSchools - Collaborative and Digitally Enhanced Teaching of a Core Subject." In iConference 2014 Proceedings: Breaking Down Walls. Culture - Context - Computing. iSchools, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.9776/14211.
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Miliszewska, Iwona, and John Horwood. "Informing Across a Cultural Divide: Delivery of Distance Education." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2538.
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Victoria University offers a Computer Science degree in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong program matches the one in Melbourne, but both the content coverage and the delivery model of the Hong Kong program are affected by expectations and demands of the Hong Kong government and students. The paper outlines challenges, legislative, cultural, quality, time and distance that shaped the program delivery model. It examines the social construction of the program curriculum, and identifies cultural factors that have had most impact in modifying the program. The paper regards distance education as an informing discipline and discusses the program delivery model in terms of the Informing Science Framework. It uses a Project subject to illustrate the model and rationale behind it, and comments on suitability of various multimedia components as program delivery vehicles. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the Hong Kong program experience on future directions in distance education.
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Paroushev, Zhivko. "THE DISCIPLINE "ETHNO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPE STUDIES" IN THE MASTER-DEGREE CURRICULUM OF THE SPECIALTY "INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS" IN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS - VARNA." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.90.
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There are presented the essence, basic terminology, methodology and scientific perimeter of the discipline "Ethno-cultural landscape studies". By use of a brief historic overview, there is traced the development of the cultural landscape as a scientific notion from its onset to present times. Regulatory postulates of UNESCO are taken into consideration, which explain the meaning of the terms "tradition", "intangible cultural heritage" and "cultural landscape". There are also summed up the practical and applied benefits from studying the discipline: a model for making an ethno-cultural landscape profile of the tourist site as a ground for creating unique tourist products based on traditional culture and turning folklore rituality into a generator of touristic plots.
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Rebane, Gala, and Maik Arnold. "EXPERIMENT D‘ – SERIOUS GAME FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCES. CONCEPT, CONTENT, AND EXPERIENCES." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end080.
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The paper presents an intercultural serious game ‘Experiment D’, which was developed in a cooperation between the junior professor of Intercultural Competence (Chemnitz University of Technology) and the chair of Social Work Management (FHD Dresden – University of Applied Sciences). The game was successfully tested and assessed in the summer term 2017 and 2018. The main plot consists of a communicative negotiation and strategic handling of a complex situation at university that involves various stakeholders, both within and without it. The game fosters cultural awareness and self-reflection, appreciation of and a creative approach towards diversity, as well as general communicative, social, and team competences. Since it does not require any specialised prior knowledge, ‘Experiment D’ potentially addresses students of all disciplines. The participants of the two test sessions were students of the study fields MERGE Technologies for Resource Efficiency (study component “Soft Skills”, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering) and Intercultural Communication and Competence (compulsory study component Intercultural Learning, Faculty of Humanities) at the Chemnitz University of Technology. Ethnicity, nationality, first language(s), degree of proficiency in English and German, and academic background were all factors that engendered a highly diverse game setting. Aside from the concept of the game, as well as its methodology and didactics, the paper also discusses the results of its assessment.
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Mucino, Victor H., Alejandro A. Lozano Guzmán, Edna Karina Alcázar Farías, Elisabeth Sanchez-Goni, and Israel Aguilera Navarrete. "Bridging Academia and Industry Gap, Through Global Competencies: Industrial Outreach Program US-Mexico." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86444.
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Global competencies of engineering graduates have been identified as traits that are increasingly necessary for professional competitiveness of graduates, but continue to be elusive and difficult to address in the engineering curricula. Study abroad and experiential learning programs have been invoked to address some of the global competencies with varied degrees of success. In this paper, a faculty-led program model developed by West Virginia University and several institutions in Mexico and the US is presented, in which senior engineering students from the US and Mexico team up to conduct meaningful engineering projects in industry in Mexico. Intermixed teams of students are formed and placed in various industrial sites to work full time under the advice of engineering practitioners and faculty members from both Mexico and USA. Global competencies are addressed in the context of a project that requires students to work with peers of similar disciplines and level across language and cultural barriers.
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Oskina, Olga, Ekaterina Kudryashova, Adelina Nogmova, and Madina Dzhantaleeva. "Peculiarities of the political culture of the Caspian border territories in the context of the politics mediatization." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.ubhh7317.
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The article is devoted to topical issues related to the mediatization of politics at the present stage. These problems are of particular importance in border territories, where multiculturalism is pronounced. The authors analyse the phenomenon of mediatization of politics and determine the degree of its impact on the political space of the Caspian border territories, as well as identify the features of political culture and factors that have a determining influence on the communicative content of these territories.
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Trematerra, Adriana, and Enrico Mirra. "Bazaars between documentation and conservation. Case studies in Albania and Macedonia." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15604.
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The subject of vernacular architecture, as is well known, is a vast concept embracing different fields of investigation. It is a type of art created to suit specific lifestyles of single communities, such as the Islamic community. Bazaars, characteristic markets in Eastern countries, are a significant example in this context. The proposed contribution intends to analyse these architectural and urban environments in Albania and Macedonia, through the discipline of restoration aimed at knowledge, documentation and conservation. The proposed case studies represent a significant example of how the restoration of these areas is of fundamental importance for the urban regeneration of historic cities. The Bazaar in Skopjie has always been regarded as the cultural, spiritual, economic and historical centre of the capital. This site, from an architectural point of view, has managed to create an image of the old city in the new city, preserving its original identity features over the centuries. In Tirana, on the other hand, the new Bazaar is a genuine urban regeneration project that aims to preserve the Albanian cultural tradition. If the Bazaar in Skopjie is in a precarious state of conservation, while maintaining its original character, the recently rebuilt Albanian market is an important example of not only architectural but also urban regeneration. The proposed research has foreseen different operational phases: an initial analysis of the historical transformations of the areas under investigation; an identification on a territorial scale and a subsequent analysis on an architectural scale using the restoration discipline. The aim of the investigation is to identify the level of use and conservation of both Bazaars, in order to elaborate digital documents on a cognitive basis for the identification of guidelines for the conservation and enhancement project of the case studies taken as a model for the proposed research.
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Talha Farooqi, Abu, and Sourav Banerjea. "Visual Culture, Disciplinary Engagement and Drawing: Pedagogical Possibilities for an Indian Way of Architectural Thinking." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.33.
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Architectural thinking and design process have always been dependent upon the representational medium and language of architecture – conventional drawings, diagramming, models, and iconography, to name a few. As a result of technological advancement (therefore possibilities) and socio-economic change, representation techniques have evolved, from conventional processes to ‘augment-ed reality’. Representation techniques and means in the production of architecture are critical to cover the conceptual range in which architecture can be created. This paper places this issue within the larger heterogeneous culture comprising technological, social, eco-nomic aspects and aims to unravel the conceptual underpinnings of the existing architectural thinking, representational culture in India. It examines ‘drawing’ as a convincing and disciplinary medium of language and representation and steers towards a ‘representation-al maxim’ between technology and value, discipline and consumption, tradition and modernity in the context of architectural thinking process in India.The forces of capitalism, globalization, consumer culture, celebrity and media culture, visual culture, technocracy have been instrumental in creating reality-based representational systems, which are reluctant to engage with the discipline of architecture and think beyond it. Steenson1 remarks about Augmented Reality “A novel form of spatial representation, which substitutes for the actual experience”. With access to augmented reality technology, the client no longer has to interpret the traditional plans, section and elevations, nor look into printed photomontage or virtual walkthroughs. He will be able to stand in his yet to come living room, go, on foot, from there to the kitchen, visit the bedrooms and, by doing so, get an ‘augmented’ experience of those spaces. Software is the agent of consumption, and it is only in the architectural process (thinking & delving), that this consumptive culture subsides, notwithstanding the fact that, for many architects and students, software and technology are steadily and consciously becoming ‘ends’ rather than ‘means’ in the design process.
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D’Sena, Peter. "Decolonising the curriculum. Contemplating academic culture(s), practice and strategies for change." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.13.
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In 2015, students at the University of Cape Town called for the statue of Cecil Rhodes, the 19th century British coloniser, to be removed from their campus. Their clarion call, in this increasingly widespread #RhodesMustFall movement, was that for diversity, inclusion and social justice to become a lived reality in higher education (HE), the curriculum has to be ‘decolonised’. (Chantiluke, et al, 2018; Le Grange, 2016) This was to be done by challenging the longstanding, hegemonic Eurocentric production of knowledge and dominant values by accommodating alternative perspectives, epistemologies and content. Moreover, they also called for broader institutional changes: fees must fall, and the recruitment and retention of both students and staff should take better account of cultural diversity rather than working to socially reproduce ‘white privilege’ (Bhambra, et al, 2015) Concerns had long been voiced by both academics and students about curricula dominated by white, capitalist, heterosexual, western worldviews at the expense of the experiences and discourses of those not perceiving themselves as fitting into those mainstream categories (for an Afrocentric perspective, see inter alia, Asante, 1995; Hicks & Holden, 2007) The massification of HE across race and class lines in the past four decades has fuelled these debates; consequentially, the ‘fitness’ of curricula across disciplines are increasingly being questioned. Student representative bodies have also voiced the deeper concern that many pedagogic practices and assessment techniques in university systems serve to reproduce society’s broader inequalities. Certainly, in the UK, recent in-depth research has indicated that the outcomes of inequity are both multifaceted and tangible, with, for example, graduating students from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds only receiving half as many ‘good’ (first class and upper second) degree classifications as their white counterparts (RHS, 2018). As a consequence of such findings and reports, the momentum for discussing the issues around diversifying and decolonising the university has gathered pace. Importantly, however, as the case and arguments have been expressed not only through peer reviewed articles and reports published by learned societies, but also in the popular press, the core issues have become more accessible than most academic debates and more readily discussed by both teachers and learners (Arday and Mirza, 2018; RHS, 2018). Hence, more recently, findings about the attainment/awarding gap have been taken seriously and given prominence by both Universities UK and the National Union of Students, though their shared conclusion is that radical (though yet to be determined) steps are needed if any movements or campaigns, such as #closingthegap are to find any success. (Universities UK, 2019; NUS, 2016; Shay, 2016)
Reports on the topic "Degree Discipline: Culture and Context"
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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.
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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.