Journal articles on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Clinical Research'
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1
Arheden, Håkan. "Clinical physiology: a successful academic and clinical discipline is threatened in Sweden." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2009.
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Clinical physiologists in Sweden are physicians (the majority with a PhD degree) with thorough training in system physiology and pathophysiology. They investigate patients in a functional approach and are engaged in basic and applied physiology teaching and research. In 1954, clinical physiology was founded as an independent academic and clinical discipline by the Swedish government to ensure “contact between routine clinical work and the scientific progression.” Up until 2008, clinical physiology was an independent clinical discipline but was then made a subdiscipline to radiology, a fundamentally different discipline. Individuals wishing to become clinical physiologists are required to be trained and certified as European radiologists, after which training and certification as clinical physiologists may be pursued. This means that radiologists without training in clinical physiology have become gatekeepers for future clinical physiologists. Unfortunately, this development takes place at a time when research and education in preclinical integrative physiology have diminished in favor of other organizational levels, such as cellular and molecular biology. The responsibilities for education and research in integrative human physiology have therefore mainly been transferred to clinical physiologists. Clinical physiology has been a successful independent clinical discipline in Sweden for the past 55 years and could serve as a model for other countries. Unless clinical physiologists regain control over their own discipline, systems physiology as a knowledge base and resource for patient care, education, and research will be severely impaired.
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Haslam, N., and D. Lusher. "The structure of mental health research: networks of influence among psychiatry and clinical psychology journals." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 12 (June 1, 2011): 2661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000821.
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BackgroundPsychiatry and clinical psychology are the two dominant disciplines in mental health research, but the structure of scientific influence and information flow within and between them has never been mapped.MethodCitations among 96 of the highest impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals were examined, based on 10 052 articles published in 2008. Network analysis explored patterns of influence between journal clusters.ResultsPsychiatry journals tended to have greater influence than clinical psychology journals, and their influence was asymmetrical: clinical psychology journals cited psychiatry journals at a much higher rate than the reverse. Eight journal clusters were found, most dominated by a single discipline. Their citation network revealed an influential central cluster of ‘core psychiatry’ journals that had close affinities with a ‘psychopharmacology’ cluster. A group of ‘core clinical psychology’ journals was linked to a ‘behavior therapy’ cluster but both were subordinate to psychiatry journals. Clinical psychology journals were less integrated than psychiatry journals, and ‘health psychology/behavioral medicine’ and ‘neuropsychology’ clusters were relatively peripheral to the network.ConclusionsScientific publication in the mental health field is largely organized along disciplinary lines, and is to some degree hierarchical, with clinical psychology journals tending to be structurally subordinate to psychiatry journals.
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Rodriguez, C., S. Suominen, K. Van Landuyt, J. Farhadi, M. Hamdi, E. Santamaria, F. Kolb, et al. "The new paradigm on microsurgical education: the international master degree on reconstructive microsurgery." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 24, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/1814-1471/76/10.
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Microsurgery (MS) is a discipline addressed by many specialties and it is our interest to be able to carry out a pedagogical assessment of the Master Degree in Reconstructive Microsurgery (MRM) as a training program in MS.The MRM is a hybrid, blended program (virtual and face-to-face), developed in 12 modules, over a 2-year duration, which completes 2625 hours. This program is directed by recognized professors in the discipline from different parts of the World and enrolls 35 students per edition.The program reserves 35% of the places for students from emerging countries. Once each of the modules has been received and the exams passed, the students will undergo a period of clinical immersion in the reference centers around the world and after defending the research project they will be able to receive the distinction of the Master granted by the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB).There have been 11 editions of MRM since 2009 without interruption, with an enrollment of 400 students, 83% received the MRM degree. 65% work as Microsurgeons. 60% were Men and 40%, Women. 32% have become MS leaders in each region.We consider that the MRM is a solid, reproducible and adaptable program that guarantees each one of the pedagogical aspects. The program is unique and brings together all the qualities so that students have the necessary tools and thus make a safe start in MS.
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Zozus, Meredith N., Angel Lazarov, Leigh R. Smith, Tim E. Breen, Susan L. Krikorian, Patrick S. Zbyszewski, Shelly K. Knoll, et al. "Analysis of professional competencies for the clinical research data management profession: implications for training and professional certification." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, no. 4 (February 16, 2017): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw179.
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Abstract Objective: To assess and refine competencies for the clinical research data management profession. Materials and Methods: Based on prior work developing and maintaining a practice standard and professional certification exam, a survey was administered to a captive group of clinical research data managers to assess professional competencies, types of data managed, types of studies supported, and necessary foundational knowledge. Results: Respondents confirmed a set of 91 professional competencies. As expected, differences were seen in job tasks between early- to mid-career and mid- to late-career practitioners. Respondents indicated growing variability in types of studies for which they managed data and types of data managed. Discussion: Respondents adapted favorably to the separate articulation of professional competencies vs foundational knowledge. The increases in the types of data managed and variety of research settings in which data are managed indicate a need for formal education in principles and methods that can be applied to different research contexts (ie, formal degree programs supporting the profession), and stronger links with the informatics scientific discipline, clinical research informatics in particular. Conclusion: The results document the scope of the profession and will serve as a foundation for the next revision of the Certified Clinical Data ManagerTM exam. A clear articulation of professional competencies and necessary foundational knowledge could inform the content of graduate degree programs or tracks in areas such as clinical research informatics that will develop the current and future clinical research data management workforce.
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Schutte, Debra L., Ann Marie McCarthy, Milena Floria-Santos, Kirsten Hanrahan, Jeffrey C. Murray, and Charmaine Kleiber. "Integrating Molecular Genetics Analyses Into Clinical Research." Biological Research For Nursing 8, no. 1 (July 2006): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800406289909.
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The integration of molecular genetics approaches into the study of complex health phenomena is an increasingly important and available strategy for researchers across the health science disciplines. Pain sensation and response to painful stimuli are examples of complex health phenomena that are particularly amenable to molecular genetics approaches. Both human and animal model research suggests that differences in these responses may be related, in part, to variation in the genes that modulate sensation and behavior. The authors are currently managing a large cross-disciplinary research effort to identify child characteristics, including genotypes, that predict the degree of distress displayed by children following a painful medical procedure (i.e., IV insertion). The purpose of this article is to describe the strategies used to integrate molecular genetics methods into this project. The authors discuss the steps needed to complete this process, including (a) establishing a collaboration with genetics researchers and laboratory facilities, (b) developing and implementing a plan to manage biologic samples, and (c) incorporating genetics into the informed consent process.
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Ferrari, Andrea, David Thomas, Anna R. K. Franklin, Brandon M. Hayes-Lattin, Maurizio Mascarin, Winette van der Graaf, and Karen H. Albritton. "Starting an Adolescent and Young Adult Program: Some Success Stories and Some Obstacles to Overcome." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 32 (November 10, 2010): 4850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.8097.
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Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients seem to be in a sort of no-man's land, halfway between the two different worlds of pediatric and adult medical oncology and bearing the brunt, in terms of inclusion in clinical trials and quality of professional care, of the lack of integration between these two worlds. This article discusses the different organization models of care used in pediatric oncology (mainly family-focused) and in adult medical oncology (disease-focused). There is a growing awareness that these models are not ideally suited to the complex needs of AYA patients, which require a different, new, patient-focused multidisciplinary approach. A comprehensive, multipronged effort is required to bridge the gap in the care of AYA patients, with the ultimate challenge of creating a new discipline, AYA oncology. In this article, we review the experiences of AYA oncology programs in Europe, North America, and Australia, focusing on similarities and differences in strategy, as well as the major challenges and opportunities faced by these programs. Among the most important factors for the successful establishment of an AYA oncology service are the degree of engagement of both pediatric and adult medical oncologists, the philanthropic support of powerful charities, and the role of dedicated professionals across a range of disciplines in driving the development of services for AYA patients.
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Sirigatti, Saulo, and Silvia Casale. "Psicologia della salute e psicologia clinica: oppure psicologia clinica della salute." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 3 (March 2009): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2008-003005.
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- Clinical health psychology is a specialty widely recognized because of its evidence based practice, its contribution to an integrated health care system, and the costeffectiveness of its services. The specialty of clinical health psychology applies scientific bio-psycho-social knowledge to the promotion and maintenance of health, to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of illness and disability, and to promotion of the health care system. The distinct focus of clinical health psychology is on physical health problems, as delineated by ICD-10. In this article the authors review its definition, provide a brief overview of practice in the specialty, address the training in clinical health psychology. The greater degree of focused science and practice in a specialty is the consequence of advances of the discipline and profession of psychology. In every case, the future holds a variety of important challenges and opportunity in research, practice, training and policy. Key words: clinical health psychology, bio-psycho-social model, clinical psychology, health psychology, education and training, specialization.
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MacLeod, Colin. "Cognition in Clinical Psychology: Measures, Methods or Models?" Behaviour Change 10, no. 3 (September 1993): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005519.
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This paper critically examines the recent impact of cognitivism upon the field of clinical psychology, and concludes that certain criteria of scientific adequacy have been compromised. The argument is developed that the introduction of information processing constructs to theoretical models of psychopathology has made a potentially valuable contribution to the discipline; but that the acceptance of mental events as dependent measures has severely undermined the scientific credibility of experimental attempts to evaluate such models. It is proposed that future progress will require the adoption of a particular methodological constraint. Specifically, it is suggested that cognitive explanations of psychopathology can only be tested adequately by evaluating the validity of the behavioural predictions that they generate. Using examples of recent research that has investigated the cognitive characteristics of vulnerability to anxiety and depression, an attempt is made to demonstrate that adherence to this proposed constraint not only is possible, but actually provides a far greater degree of understanding than could be attained through the use of alternative methodologies. It is postulated that the future scientific status of clinical psychology may depend upon our collective response to the issues that are raised in this paper.
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LeFebvre, Ron, David Peterson, and Mitchell Haas. "Evidence-Based Practice and Chiropractic Care." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 18, no. 1 (September 3, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587212458435.
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Evidence-based practice has had a growing impact on chiropractic education and the delivery of chiropractic care. For evidence-based practice to penetrate and transform a profession, the penetration must occur at 2 levels. One level is the degree to which individual practitioners possess the willingness and basic skills to search and assess the literature. Chiropractic education received a significant boost in this realm in 2005 when the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine awarded 4 chiropractic institutions R25 education grants to strengthen their research/evidence-based practice curricula. The second level relates to whether the therapeutic interventions commonly employed by a particular health care discipline are supported by clinical research. A growing body of randomized controlled trials provides evidence of the effectiveness and safety of manual therapies.
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Wang, Henry, Michael W. A. Chu, and Luc Dubois. "Variability in research productivity among Canadian surgical specialties." Canadian Journal of Surgery 64, no. 1 (February 2021): E76—E83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.016319.
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Background: Academic productivity, as measured by number and impact of publications, is central to the career advancement and promotion of academic surgeons. We compared research productivity metrics among specialties and sought factors associated with increased productivity. Methods: Academic surgeons were identified through departmental webpages and their scholarly metrics were collected through Scopus in a standardized fashion. We collected total number of documents, h-index, and average number of publications per year in the preceding 5 years. We explored whether presence of a training program, graduate degree, academic rank and size of the clinical group affected productivity metrics. Linear regression was used for multivariable analysis. Results: We collected data on 2172 surgeons from 15 separate academic centres across Canada. Wide variability existed in metrics among specialties, with cardiac and neurosurgery being the most productive, and vascular surgery and plastic surgery being the least productive. The average number of publications was 71, and the average h-index was 18.7. The average h-index for cardiac surgery was 25.7 compared with 8.3 for vascular surgery (p < 0.001). Our multivariable model identified academic rank, surgical specialty, graduate degree, presence of a training program, and larger clinical group as being associated with increased academic productivity. Conclusion: There is variability in research productivity among Canadian surgical specialties. Cardiac surgery and neurosurgery are productive, whereas vascular surgery and plastic surgery are less productive than other surgical disciplines. Obtaining a research-oriented graduate degree, being part of a larger clinical group, and presence of a training program were all associated with higher productivity, even after adjusting for academic rank and specialty.
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Menovsky, Tomas, and Jacobus J. van Overbeeke. "Intracranial nerve repair: a review of experimental and clinical studies." Neurosurgical Focus 1, no. 2 (August 1996): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1996.1.2.8.
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With recent developments in neurosurgery and related disciplines, more aggressive approaches are being made for various lesions of the skull base, and, as a consequence, cranial nerves are more frequently damaged, which causes significant morbidity. The authors review experimental and clinical studies involving surgical repair of severed cranial nerves and provide evidence that some degree of functional regeneration occurs. Functional recovery after repair is mainly dependent on the preoperative function of the muscle-nerve unit and the morphological organization of the nerve; the more complex the organization, the lesser the degree of functional recovery. The beneficial effect of surgical repair on postoperative morbidity is outlined together with suggestions for future research.
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Li, Yin, Jiachang Li, Baihong Li, Yue Cao, Menghan Liu, Longhao Zhang, and Zhi Zeng. "Factors associated with the research efficiency of clinical specialties in a research-oriented hospital in China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0250577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250577.
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Research-oriented hospitals are responsible for medical services tasks, medical education, and scientific research, playing an important role in medical research and application. The research efficiency of a clinical specialty is influenced by factors such as the characteristics of the specialty, the organizational atmosphere, and the clinical director’s leadership. The present study aimed to describe the research efficiency of clinical specialties, explore the factors influencing it, and clarify the argument of co-evolution theory regarding the collaborative development of medical services, education, and research. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were adopted to estimate the correlation between influencing factors and scientific research efficiency. Hospital H, which is representative of research hospitals in China, was taken as an example. Taking three efficiency values—comprehensive technical efficiency (CTE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE)—as dependent variables, the independent variables affecting research productivity were statistically analyzed. This study also examined the scientific research efficiency of 41 specialties between 2013 and 2017, and found that the independent variables affected CTE, PTE, and SE to various degrees. Collaborative innovation in medical education and research must be based on clinical research; how to balance medical and teaching quality, and research efficiency requires further discussion. While young people play a major role on the research team because of their creativity and initiatives, which improve CTE and PTE, high-level researchers with better research and leadership abilities lead to the rational allocation and effective utilization of resources, thus improving SE. In 2013–2017, discipline construction focused on scale expansion, resulting in the decline of SE in China. Therefore, this study suggests further improvements for the efficiency of clinical specialties in research hospitals.
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Galván-Femenía, Iván, Carles Barceló-Vidal, Lauro Sumoy, Victor Moreno, Rafael de Cid, and Jan Graffelman. "A likelihood ratio approach for identifying three-quarter siblings in genetic databases." Heredity 126, no. 3 (January 15, 2021): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-020-00392-8.
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AbstractThe detection of family relationships in genetic databases is of interest in various scientific disciplines such as genetic epidemiology, population and conservation genetics, forensic science, and genealogical research. Nowadays, screening genetic databases for related individuals forms an important aspect of standard quality control procedures. Relatedness research is usually based on an allele sharing analysis of identity by state (IBS) or identity by descent (IBD) alleles. Existing IBS/IBD methods mainly aim to identify first-degree relationships (parent–offspring or full siblings) and second degree (half-siblings, avuncular, or grandparent–grandchild) pairs. Little attention has been paid to the detection of in-between first and second-degree relationships such as three-quarter siblings (3/4S) who share fewer alleles than first-degree relationships but more alleles than second-degree relationships. With the progressively increasing sample sizes used in genetic research, it becomes more likely that such relationships are present in the database under study. In this paper, we extend existing likelihood ratio (LR) methodology to accurately infer the existence of 3/4S, distinguishing them from full siblings and second-degree relatives. We use bootstrap confidence intervals to express uncertainty in the LRs. Our proposal accounts for linkage disequilibrium (LD) by using marker pruning, and we validate our methodology with a pedigree-based simulation study accounting for both LD and recombination. An empirical genome-wide array data set from the GCAT Genomes for Life cohort project is used to illustrate the method.
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Kosenko, V. M. "THE POTENTIAL CAPACITY OF THE “INFECTION CONTROL” DISCIPLINE IN THE FORMATION OF RESPONSIBLE ATTITUDE TO THE PATIENT SAFETY AMONG MASTER NURSES IN THE PROCESS OF PROVIDING MEDICAL AND PREVENTIVE CARE." Медична освіта, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/me.2414-5998.2021.2.11961.
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In the article we have analyzed the significance and importance of the “Infection Control” discipline in pursuing a master’s degree in nursing. The article states that the master nurse is the lead organizer and executor of activities related to the creation of a safe hospital environment, while the correctness and completeness of the actions at the workplace depends on the depth of theoretical knowledge and sophistication of practical skills. The paper specifies the general and occupational competencies, forms and methods of conducting lectures and practical sessions, describes the expected results of training, indicates interdisciplinary integration, draws attention to the problems of honesty in the performance of autonomous and individually research work by the seekers of higher education. It is noted that the practical health care needs such a master nurse, who not only possesses thorough professional knowledge, but also is capable to act clearly and quickly in an emergency, perfectly master up-to-date techniques of preventing, in particular, the healthcare-associated infections through the developed clinical judgment. It is the competency based potential capacity of the “Infection Control” academic discipline that makes it possible to realize these tasks. The priority area of improving the educational process is its practical orientation and significance.
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Falfushynska, Halina I., Bogdan B. Buyak, Grygoriy M. Torbin, Grygorii V. Tereshchuk, Mykhailo M. Kasianchuk, and Mikołaj Karpiński. "Enhancing digital and professional competences via implementation of virtual laboratories for future physical therapists and rehabilitologist." CTE Workshop Proceedings 9 (March 21, 2022): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.125.
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Being popular world-wide, virtual laboratories enter into different fields of education and research and practitioners have to be responsible for choosing the most suitable and then adapt them to particular field. The aim of the present work was to assess the effectivity of the implementation of Praxilab, Labster, and LabXchange virtual laboratories as the powerful digital tool into teaching protocols of “Clinical and laboratory diagnostics” discipline for physical therapists and rehabilitologist. We have carried out the online survey for 45 students enrolled in physical rehabilitation degree program. About 70\% surveyed students reported that implementation of virtual laboratories in “Clinical and laboratory diagnostics” discipline met individual learning needs of students, helped acquired digital skills (25\%), and supported them to stay ahead of the curve. The virtual lab applications, not only assisted harness students fair against lack of practical skills, but also brought about a new dimension to the classes and helped overcome digital alienation and gain their digital skills and abilities. Indeed, a virtual lab can’t completely replace the experimental work and teacher’s explanation, but it might support teaching activities of a modern mentor and learning activities of a modern student. Almost all of surveyed students (82\%) expected that in near future the virtual laboratories would take the dominant place in the education market due to possibility of students’ pre-train the key points of practical activities before real experiments in lab and better understand their theoretical backgrounds. Thus, this study is intended to contribute to utilization of virtual labs by students enrolled in study physical therapy/physical rehabilitation with expected efficiency.
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Christodoulou, G. "Cultural and Economic Factors in European Psychiatry Guidance." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70502-4.
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Europe can hardly be considered as homogeneous. There are gross historical, climatological, cultural, developmental, religious, political and economic differences that render generalizations inappropriate and European “globalization” a mission impossible (and, by and large, undesirable).Psychiatry is no exception to the above and in the historical evolution of our discipline, psychiatric practice has varied. Because this evolution has followed a different course and has occurred at a different pace in the various parts of Europe, the present situation reflects all these developmental stages, thus rendering homogeneity questionable.In spite of these differences, however, there is a degree of consensus regarding the basic requirements for the practice of our discipline and the desired competencies of its practitioners. The development of a common language through the modern classification systems, the organizations of specialist psychiatrists (e.g. the UEMS) the WPA and the European Psychiatric Associations have played a useful role in the harmonization of psychiatric practices and are expected to play a more useful role in the future.In conclusion, what is required (and what can be realistically achieved) is consensus on some basic clinical, research, administrative and teaching requirements, in association with agreement on the basic ethical principles of our profession and, basically, the beneficence and non maleficence principles. European Psychiatry Guidance should involve these basic requirements that can be achieved by all European countries.
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Carroll, Pádraig, Adrian Dervan, Anthony Maher, Ciarán McCarthy, Ian Woods, Rachel Kavanagh, Cliff Beirne, et al. "Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in preclinical research: A scoping review protocol." HRB Open Research 4 (May 28, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13303.1.
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Introduction: Patient and public involvement (PPI) aims to improve the quality, relevance, and appropriateness of research and ensure that it meets the needs and expectations of those affected by particular conditions to the greatest possible degree. The evidence base for the positive impact of PPI on clinical research continues to grow, but the role of PPI in preclinical research (an umbrella term encompassing ‘basic’, ‘fundamental’, ‘translational’ or ‘lab-based’ research) remains limited. As funding bodies and policymakers continue to increase emphasis on the relevance of PPI to preclinical research, it is timely to map the PPI literature to support preclinical researchers involving the public, patients, or other service users in their research. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature on patient and public involvement in preclinical research from any discipline. Methods: This scoping review will search the literature in Medline (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and OpenGrey.net to explore the application of PPI in preclinical research. This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews. It will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Two reviewers will independently review articles for inclusion in the final review. Data extraction will be guided by the research questions. The PPI advisory panel will then collaboratively identify themes in the extracted data. Discussion: This scoping review will provide a map of current evidence surrounding preclinical PPI, and identify the body of literature on this topic, which has not been comprehensively reviewed to date. Findings will inform ongoing work of the research team, support the work of other preclinical researchers aiming to include PPI in their own research, and identify knowledge and practice gaps. Areas for future research will be identified.
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Carroll, Pádraig, Adrian Dervan, Anthony Maher, Ciarán McCarthy, Ian Woods, Rachel Kavanagh, Cliff Beirne, et al. "Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in preclinical research: A scoping review protocol." HRB Open Research 4 (August 31, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13303.2.
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Introduction: Patient and public involvement (PPI) aims to improve the quality, relevance, and appropriateness of research and ensure that it meets the needs and expectations of those affected by particular conditions to the greatest possible degree. The evidence base for the positive impact of PPI on clinical research continues to grow, but the role of PPI in preclinical research (an umbrella term encompassing ‘basic’, ‘fundamental’, ‘translational’ or ‘lab-based’ research) remains limited. As funding bodies and policymakers continue to increase emphasis on the relevance of PPI to preclinical research, it is timely to map the PPI literature to support preclinical researchers involving the public, patients, or other service users in their research. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature on patient and public involvement in preclinical research from any discipline. Methods: This scoping review will search the literature in Medline (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and OpenGrey.net to explore the application of PPI in preclinical research. This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews. It will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Two reviewers will independently review articles for inclusion in the final review. Data extraction will be guided by the research questions. The PPI advisory panel will then collaboratively identify themes in the extracted data. Discussion: This scoping review will provide a map of current evidence surrounding preclinical PPI, and identify the body of literature on this topic, which has not been comprehensively reviewed to date. Findings will inform ongoing work of the research team, support the work of other preclinical researchers aiming to include PPI in their own research, and identify knowledge and practice gaps. Areas for future research will be identified.
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Butler, Tom, John G. Gribben, and Ann Hodgson. "Physician Scientists In Hematology: Hematologists' Experiences of Research and Recruitment to Academia - A Mixed Methods, Qualitative Approach." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2570.2570.
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Abstract Abstract 2570 Physician-scientists spend a significant proportion of their time doing research, alongside clinical practice and teaching. Recruitment to academic medicine appears insufficient for workforce needs, with a perception of a 'crisis' in academic medicine (Andrew I. Schafer The Vanishing Physician Scientist 2009). Policy initiatives are in place to counter this recruitment problem and make an academic medicine career more attractive to trainees. Hematologists have a unique translational role in medicine and research, straddling the divide between laboratory and patient care. Since hematology may be inherently more academic compared to other medical specialties, this recruitment crisis may be more relevant to our specialty. Hematologists' experiences of research have been poorly reported. We employed mixed qualitative methods to explore hematologists' views on these issues, using focus groups (14 participants) to explore the experiences of research and higher degrees. Following themes from these, we used an online survey to gain quantitative data and obtained results from 39 hematologists in the local network in North East London serving approximately 4 million people, including two teaching hospitals. Among attendings, 72% had completed a research degree and 52% were in academic positions. Of trainees, 36% were enrolled in a higher degree program. The focus groups felt that hematology has a strong role in research because of the inherently lab-based aspects of the work, access to tissue for research and the history of translational research. The survey supported this, with most feeling that the lab experience facilitated the transition of hematologists to research, and 77% agreeing that 'compared to other medical specialities, hematology is more academic'. The focus groups explored the benefits of doing a research degree, such as a PhD. These included gains in critical thinking, data interpretation skills, a chance to study a topic in depth and CV development. Drawbacks included dislike of the work involved, financial loss and the stress of research. Some expressed concern about losing clinical skills during years of full-time research, whilst others felt that skills gained during research translated to better clinical acumen in the long term. The survey explored this further. 74% felt that whilst clinical acumen decreased during full-time research, this returned almost immediately on return to practice. 21% felt that clinical skills were better in the long term as a result of doing a PhD. Competition for non-academic hematology posts in the UK is low, and most doctors who do research will not become academics. However, there are expectations that hematologists need a research experience to further their careers, and most participants felt that there was greater pressure for hematologists to do research compared to other disciplines, with this pressure greater in London. We considered this perception of pressure in the context of UK research funding. The Royal College of Pathologists estimate that of ≤450 million spent on UK cancer research, ≤50-100 million are spent on hematological malignancies. Research funding is therefore out of proportion to the disease burden of blood cancers (8% of cancer deaths). London has 31% of UK academic doctors, 5 medical schools and receives 33% of UK research funding. These data help explain the greater pressure (or opportunity) for hematologists to undertake research, particularly in London. We explored views on recruitment to academic medicine. Whilst ‘becoming an academic doctor’ was rated as the strongest motivation for hematologists to do a PhD, doctors who subsequently did not proceed to an academic career benefitted from the research experience. Whilst academic doctors felt that more hematologists need to do research and become academic doctors, this view was not held by non-academic hematologists (p<0.05). In conclusion, hematologists consider their specialty to be more academic, with the nature of the work facilitating research. Particular motivations drive hematologists to undertake research. The pressure to do research may be higher in hematology compared to other areas of medicine, despite low competition for jobs overall. Concerns about loss of clinical skills do not appear to be justified. The perception of a recruitment problem within academic hematology varies depending on whether academic or non-academic hematologists are surveyed. Disclosures: Gribben: Roche: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; GSK: Honoraria; Napp: Honoraria.
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Camacho, Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal, Dayse Mary da Silva Correia, Claudia Maria Messias, Patrícia Dos Santos Claro Fuly, and Harlon França de Menezes. "Ensino remoto de cuidados clínicos no mestrado acadêmico na COVID-19." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 35 (September 23, 2021): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.35.546-553.
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Relato de experiência tem como objetivo descrever as estratégias do planejamento e o desenvolvimento das disciplinas de Cuidados Clínicos I e II na modalidade de ensino remoto. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre estratégias de ensino empreendidas nas disciplinas de Cuidados Clínicos I e II na modalidade remoto, no Programa Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa com período de coleta de dados de Julho a Novembro de 2020. A análise realizada foi do tipo descritiva. A construção da interatividade foi fundamental para o planejamento contínuo do ambiente virtual por meio do uso de ferramentas e aplicativos nas disciplinas de Cuidados Clínicos I e II frente ao isolamento social imposto pela Pandemia. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino articuladas nas ferramentas disponíveis no ambiente virtual possibilitou a avaliação e contribuição para o desenvolvimento dos projetos de pesquisa dos mestrandos.Descritores: Enfermagem, Infecções por Coronavírus, Tecnologia. Remote teaching of clinical care in the academic master's degree at COVID-19Abstract: Experience report aims to describe the strategies of planning and development of the disciplines of Clinical Care I and II in the remote teaching modality. This is an experience report on teaching strategies undertaken in the disciplines of Clinical Care I and II in remote mode, in the Academic Program in Health Care Sciences of the Aurora de Afonso Costa Nursing School, with data collection period of July to November 2020. The analysis performed was descriptive. The construction of interactivity was fundamental for the continuous planning of the virtual environment through the use of tools and applications in the disciplines of Clinical Care I and II in the face of the social isolation imposed by Pandemia. The development of teaching strategies articulated in the tools available in the virtual environment enabled the evaluation and contribution to the development of the research projects of the master students.Descriptors: Nursing, Coronavirus Infections, Tecnology. Enseñanza remota de la atención clínica en el máster académico del COVID-19Resumen: Informe de experiencia tiene como objetivo describir las estrategias de planificación y desarrollo de las disciplinas de Atención Clínica I y II en la modalidad de enseñanza a distancia. Se trata de un relato de experiencia sobre estrategias docentes realizadas en las disciplinas de Atención Clínica I y II en modalidad remota, en el Programa Académico en Ciencias de la Salud de la Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa con período de recolección de datos de julio a noviembre de 2020. El análisis realizado fue descriptivo. La construcción de la interactividad fue fundamental para la planificación continua del entorno virtual mediante el uso de herramientas y aplicaciones en las disciplinas de Atención Clínica I y II ante el aislamiento social impuesto por Pandemia. El desarrollo de estrategias docentes articuladas en las herramientas disponibles en el entorno virtual posibilitó la evaluación y contribución al desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación de los estudiantes de maestría.Descriptores: Enfermería, Infecciones por Coronavirus, Tecnología.
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Kirk, Chris. "Whither biochemistry?: What can the past tell us about the future of biochemistry and the Biochemical Society?" Biochemist 29, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02905004.
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As this article began to take shape, I joked with a colleague along the lines of whether the first word in the title should contain the letter “h”. It is true that there are many fewer ‘Departments of Biochemistry’ in UK universities than existed when I was a student in the 1970s. There are also fewer degree courses that primarily identify themselves as biochemical. The same could be said of other traditional disciplines such as physiology and pharmacology, whose existence in separate departments was once assured by the need to teach these subjects in the traditional pre-clinical training of medical students. Many of these departments are now amalgamated into larger units following the adoption of the new medical curriculum and the development of the ability to research the basic processes of life across traditional disciplines.
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Pinehas, Lusia N., Ester Mulenga, and Julia Amadhila. "Factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students who registered as first years in 2010 at the University of Namibia (UNAM), Oshakati Campus in Oshana, Namibia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 8 (March 14, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p63.
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The University of Namibia (UNAM) is the only national university in Namibia that was established in 1992. It offers diploma and degree courses. The Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) was introduced in 2008 after the Diploma in Comprehensive Nursing Science was phased out. This degree is offered over the period of four years full-time. Students are allocated to the clinical practice throughout the training to acquire the relevant nursing skills. At the time of research the course was offered at two campuses only namely Windhoek and Oshakati. The total number of students who were admitted in 2010 was 83, but at the time of the research when they were in their fourth year, there were only 59. The difference of 24 was the students who could not make it to the fourth year and finish in the prescribed time frame. The lecturers were concerned with the poor performance of the students, the increased number of students with some modules behind, and the overcrowding of some classes. The purpose of the study was to identify, explore and describe the factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students at the UNAM Oshakati campus. The study was conducted among nursing students who registered for the Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) in 2010. The study was qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature using non-probability purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the academic performance of student nurses at the University of Namibia Oshakati campus is influenced by both internal and external factors. However, external factors are many compared to internal factors. External related factors comprise of teaching and learning, insufficient resources, lack of university accommodation, curriculum related and socio-economic factors. Teaching and learning related factors include use of one teaching strategy, language barriers, inadequate support and labeling of students by lecturers. On the other hand, insufficient resources are unavailability of the bookshop on campus, insufficient prescribed textbooks, poor internet facility, lack of space and less equipped library. Curriculum related factors include overloaded examination time table, huge scope of test, study day system and module pre-requisites, while socio-economic factors are problems in relationships, peer influence, financial problems and pregnancy while studying. Internal factors comprise of students’ attitude and lack of self-discipline among some students. Those factors result in increased number of students with some modules behind, overcrowding of some classes, increased student-lecturer ratio and some students not completing their studies within the prescribed time frame.
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Jiang, Bing, Qian Liu, Junda Gai, Jingqian Guan, and Qingchang Li. "Analysis of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Pathological Remission of Breast Cancer." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5440154.
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With the continuous development of the concept of diagnosis and treatment, the current industry’s treatment model has developed into a multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment. That is, in view of the pathological characteristics and clinical stages of breast cancer, corresponding methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and biological targeted therapy are adopted to provide comprehensive treatment of patients with multiple disciplines. This paper combines experimental research to research and analyze the degree of pathological remission of breast cancer by adjuvant chemotherapy and combines investigation and analysis and group trials to study and explore the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, this paper fully considers the patient’s response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and compares the changes in tumor cell abundance before and after chemotherapy to observe the response of the patient’s primary tumor to chemotherapy at a microscopic level. Therefore, this study has made a relatively objective and accurate evaluation of the chemotherapy efficacy of tumor tissues, which can provide a reference for subsequent related research.
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Lucas, Lorna, Philip Agop Philip, Marianne Gandee, and Amanda Kramar. "Understanding practices and gaps in multidisciplinary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) care within the community oncology setting." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.390.
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390 Background: HCC incidence continues to rise and presents a myriad of complex challenges involving multi disciplines to screen, diagnose, and provide personalized therapy. Recent advances in diagnostics and therapies necessitate a well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach in managing HCC patients, signaling a need to understand care within community care. The study aimed to understand how multidisciplinary cancer programs were structured to manage HCC care and to identify challenges and practices for management of HCC, a cancer less commonly seen in community care settings. Methods: The Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) developed a survey to identify factors associated with delivery and coordination of care for HCC patients. The survey deployed electronically in July 2018 to multidisciplinary providers, representing 17 oncology professions. Of responses (n = 31), 69% identified their care setting as a “non-teaching community hospital, freestanding cancer center, private practice or other.” Results: 61% of respondents indicated their cancer programs do not have specialized hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team. Among those who have hepatobiliary multidisciplinary teams the composition and degree of specialization varied. 85% of respondents that do not have a specialized hepatobiliary team indicated that HCC patients are managed in consultation with a general tumor board. 52% indicated their program discussed participation in clinical trials with all HCC patients, and 55% of cancer programs conducted HCC clinical trials. 52% indicated their program had a formal pathway that outlines adherence to the NCCN guidelines for HCC management, 5% were in the process of developing and 43% were not in the process of developing such a pathway. Of respondents that reported barriers their program faces (n = 13) 31% indicated lack of psychosocial services, lack of screening and no/limited access to clinical trials. 23% responded delayed treatment and 15% responded delayed diagnosis as challenges. Conclusions: Review of multidisciplinary care delivery for HCC patients revealed unique protocols and challenges within primarily community-based settings.
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Lukolo, Linda N., J. Sheehama, and A. Munyika. "Bachelor Degree in Medicine and Surgery Community Medical Training Curriculum Contribution on Equity and Quality of Health Care in Namibia." Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425) 4, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v4i8.609.
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Community involving a population-focused, organized effort to help individuals, groups and communities reduce health risks, and maintain or improve health status”. The Community Medicine departments of medical colleges should be more involved in integrated teaching with clinical disciplines and should also be involved in the delivery of services in the teaching hospital and in primary health care settings, such as in immunization, guidance/counselling, biomedical waste management and infection control. All stakeholders in University education recognize its invaluable contribution to the quality of university training. “Field Attachment” to mean any approved field-based practical work carried out by staff and students for the purpose of teaching and / or research in places outside the University control. The objective of community medicine based training at the University is to produce practically oriented graduates that meet the required medical profession related competences of the community of their future service. Through community medicine attachment, medical students are enabled to associate themselves with the health and medical needs of the communities, this association will enable the students feel their own gap on these health issues to address them, or to be able to manage them.
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Martínez-Gimeno, Maria-Lara, Maria-Antonia Ovalle-Perandones, Gema Escobar-Aguilar, Nélida Fernández-Martínez, Jose Alberto Benítez- Andrades, and Pilar Marqués-Sánchez. "Dinámicas de información en profesionales de enfermería desde el análisis de redes sociales." Enfermería Global 20, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.470721.
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Introducción: El conocimiento es una herramienta necesaria para la investigación científica y el progreso de cualquier disciplina. Pero el conocimiento científico y las dinámicas de información no sólo están sostenidas por los individuos, sino que son producidas y mantenidas por grupos de personas que trabajan en un mismo entorno donde los vínculos y las relaciones pueden influir en el proceso. Objetivo: Analizar las redes sociales de utilización de fuentes de información, de ayuda/consejo para la transferencia de conocimiento y los lugares donde los profesionales de enfermería comparten información.Método: Análisis de Redes Sociales a través de un cuestionario validado. Se reclutaron profesionales de 6 unidades hospitalarias.Resultados: Participaron 77 profesionales con una edad media de 42,9 (DE:11,48). Los compañeros son la fuente de información más utilizada (76 elecciones) frente a las bases de datos y artículos científicos que son la menos seleccionada (63 elecciones). Las redes homófilas horizontales (profesionales con estatus/intereses similares) son las más frecuentes para obtener información sobre resultados de investigación (74 elecciones). La unidad asistencial es el entorno más señalado para compartir información (50 elecciones).Conclusiones: Los profesionales consideran el conocimiento de sus compañeros como la principal fuente para obtener información sobre resultados de investigación. Unidades con determinado grado de especialización utilizan guías de práctica clínica y protocolos como fuente principal de información. Los profesionales de enfermería utilizan redes homófilas-horizontales para obtener información. El entorno laboral en sus diferentes ámbitos (unidad, office, reuniones) es el más utilizado para compartir información sobre resultados de investigación. Introduction: Knowledge is a necessary tool for scientific research and progress in any discipline. But scientific knowledge and information dynamics are not only sustained by individuals but are produced and maintained by groups of people working in the same environment where links and relationships can influence the process. Aim: To analyze the social networks of information source utilization, help/advice for knowledge transfer and the places where nursing professionals share information.Method: Analysis of social networks through a validated questionnaire. Professionals from 6 hospital units were recruited.Results: 77 professionals participated with a mean age of 42.9 (SD:11.48). Peers were the most frequently used source of information (76 choices) compared to databases and scientific articles, which were the least selected (63 choices). Horizontal homophilous networks (professionals with similar status/interests) are the most frequent for obtaining information on research results (74 choices). The care unit is the most pointed environment for sharing information (50 choices).Conclusions: Professionals consider the knowledge of their peers as the main source for obtaining information on research results. Units with a certain degree of specialization use clinical practice guidelines and protocols as the main source of information. Nursing professionals use homophilic-horizontal networks to obtain information. The work environment in its different settings (unit, office, meetings) is the most used for sharing information on research results.
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Ke, Qing. "Identifying translational science through embeddings of controlled vocabularies." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 6 (March 1, 2019): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy177.
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Abstract Objective Translational science aims at “translating” basic scientific discoveries into clinical applications. The identification of translational science has practicality such as evaluating the effectiveness of investments made into large programs like the Clinical and Translational Science Awards. Despite several proposed methods that group publications—the primary unit of research output—into some categories, we still lack a quantitative way to place articles onto the full, continuous spectrum from basic research to clinical medicine. Materials and Methods I learn vector representations of controlled vocabularies assigned to Medline articles to obtain a translational axis that points from basic science to clinical medicine. The projected position of a term on the translational axis, expressed by a continuous quantity, indicates the term’s “appliedness.” The position of an article, determined by the average location over its terms, quantifies the degree of its appliedness, which I term the level score. Results I validate the present method by comparing with previous techniques, showing excellent agreement yet uncovering significant variations of scores of articles in previously defined categories. The measure allows us to characterize the standing of journals, disciplines, and the entire biomedical literature along the basic-applied spectrum. Analysis on large-scale citation network reveals 2 main findings. First, direct citations mainly occurred between articles with similar scores. Second, shortest paths are more likely ended up with an article closer to the basic end of the spectrum, regardless of where the starting article is on the spectrum. Conclusions The proposed method provides a quantitative way to identify translational science.
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McCracken, Karen W., Peter Mayinger, and Cynthia Morris. "3446 The OHSU Physician-Scientist Experience: Integrating intensive translational research training for medical students into a competency-based educational framework." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.176.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The aim of this program is to provide early support to motivated medical students interested in a career as a physician-scientist in a framework of competency-based medical education. The CTSA creates an opportunity to provide clinical research education and protected time for research for medical students in clinical and translational research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This physician-scientist experience offers research opportunities in a wide variety of research disciplines, focused on clinical and translational investigations. The program offers both five-month and one-year blocks of protected research time. The five-month option is integrated into the four- year medical curriculum. The one-year option requires enrollment in an established Master of Clinical Research degree. Both options provide research experience under the mentorship of a physician-scientist. The five-month option aligns with UME competencies categorized under the six ACGME Domains of Competence. The one-year option includes coursework in research design, biostatistics, research ethics, data management, scientific communication, and proposal development within the CTSA-based education program. All students in the program attend a bimonthly journal club and seminar series starting in year one and extending through the research experience. This includes discussion of the importance of mentorship, selecting a residency, scientific writing and presentation, and personal narratives of physician-scientists and their pathways to this career. All students will be followed to determine career outcome. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2018, 67 students entered the program 46% selected the year out, and 56% selected the 5-month option. Students selecting this program constitute about 10% of the medical student population overall. We have had 17 graduates of the program to date. 55% of the cohort is women which parallels the OHSU medical student population. Long-term follow-up of at least 10 years will be needed to determine career outcomes. We assess student productivity by traditional measures of submitted abstracts, manuscripts, and presentations as well as longer term outcomes such as career orientation in medicine such as entry into a research-oriented residency and ultimately into an academic medicine or research. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The OHSU physician-scientist experience successfully matches medical students with a diverse set of research mentors focused on the CTSA. Although institutional structures determine the variety of specific research opportunities, the integration of physician-scientist training into a CTSA-based training program expands the reach of training programs such as the TL1.
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Zhang, Ruyi, Xiaoxuan Tu, Zhou Tong, Hangyu Zhang, Xudong Zhu, Weijia Fang, Lanfang Yu, and Haibo Mou. "414 A randomized phase II study of systemic therapy plus WeiLeShu (WLS) versus systemic therapy alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.414.
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BackgroundIn recent years, the role of inflammatory microenvironment induced by gut microbiome in the occurrence and development of CRC has received increased attention across a number of disciplines. WLS is a probiotics product consisted of with 6 billion live probiotics, mainly Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum. To further explore the influence of gut microbiome in the anti-tumor efficacy of patients with mCRC, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (NCT04021589).MethodsPatients receiving corresponding systemic therapy were randomly included into the WLS-intervention and the control arms. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and about two months after treatment initiation. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Best clinical response was dichotomized as partial remission (clinical benefit, CB) versus stable disease or disease progression (non-clinical benefit, NCB). Metagenomic analysis across patients with CB and NCB was conducted and random forest model training was employed to predict the efficacy of treatment.Abstract 414 Figure 1Metabolic pathways for differential enrichment. Metabolic pathways for differential enrichment of the gut microbiome genome in microbiota preparation group through KEGG analysisResultsA total of 40 patients with mCRC in two tertiary hospitals were enrolled. Dynamic metagenomic analysis indicated that during systemic treatment, the a diversity of the gut microbiome were all decreased in both arms. It has been reported that higher a diversity is associated with a better prognosis, while the degree of decline in WLS-intervention group was a relatively minor change. GO enrichment analysis of differential genes indicated a strong enrichment for genes related to lipid metabolism after WLS intervention (figure 1; p<0.01). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could regulate the accumulation of monocyte-like macrophages and promote the inflammatory microenvironment in a chemokine-dependent manner, while WLS intervention down-regulated genes related to its synthesis pathway, which may slow the development of CRC. Random forest model showed abundance of Desulfovibrio_vulgaris and Parvimonas_sp._oral_taxon_393 predominantly discriminated between CB and NCB. They were then used to construct a classifier, which achieved an AUC of 0.95 for efficacy prediction.ConclusionsThis prospective randomized pilot study provided insights for influence of the gut microbiome with probiotics in mCRC. WLS could maintain intestinal microecological balance of patients with mCRC by decreasing the degree of abundance of gut microbiome fall after chemotherapy and down-regulating lipopolysaccharide metabolism-related pathway. We established a novel classifier that accurately distinguished between patients with CB and NCB on systemic therapy.Trial RegistrationNCT04021589Ethics ApprovalThis study has been approved by Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Acceptance number: IIT20200348A-R1
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Greenberg, Benjamin D., and Ali R. Rezai. "Mechanisms and the Current State of Deep Brain Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 7 (July 2003): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001899x.
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ABSTRACTDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is established as a therapy for movement disorders, and it is an investigational treatment in other neurologic conditions. DBS precisely targets neuroanatomical targets deep within the brain that are proposed to be centrally involved in the pathophysiology of some neuropsychiatric illnesses. DBS is nonablative, offering the advantages of reversibility and adjustability. This might permit therapeutic effectiveness to be enhanced or side effects to be minimized. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown effects of DBS locally, at the stimulation target, and at a distance, via actions on fibers of passage or across synapses. Although its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated, several effects have been proposed to underlie the therapeutic effects of DBS in movement disorders, and potentially in other conditions as well. The mechanisms of action of DBS are the focus of active investigation in a number of clinical and preclinical laboratories. As in severe movement disorders, DBS may offer a degree of hope for patients with intractable neuropsychiatric illness. It is already clear that research intended to realize this potential will require a very considerable commitment of resources, energy, and time across disciplines including psychiatry, neurosurgery, neurology, neuropsychology, bioengineering, and bioethics. These investigations should proceed cautiously.
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Russell, Stephanie, George Murley, Matthew Oates, Xia Li, and Anita Raspovic. "Does the Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank score (ATAR) predict academic performance in a podiatry course?" Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-Professional Journal 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v22i1.367.
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Introduction: Universities within Australia use the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) score to guide student selection into degrees. This process assumes that students with higher ATAR scores are more capable of the academic requirements of tertiary study. This study investigated whether ATAR predicted grades in individual subjects within a university podiatry course. To our knowledge, this research is novel within this discipline in Australia.Methods: The academic records of four intake cohorts into the podiatry program (2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012; total n = 328) were retrospectively analysed. Whether student ATAR scores predicted grades achieved in each subject was examined using multiple linear regression analysis, with secondary schooling type, entry type, gender, socioeconomic status and year of course commencement considered as potential covariates.Results: Higher ATAR score was predictive of stronger academic performance in 21 of 29 podiatry subjects, although the strength of the relationship varied from weak to moderate across year level of subject and subject type. The strongest associations were in second year bioscience subjects for Microbiology (r = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.77), Normal and Pathological Movement (r = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35–0.66) and Human Bioscience B (r = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.69). Three of the six clinical subjects (Podiatric Practice A, D and E) did not produce statistically significant associations. Conclusion: This study identified that ATAR score moderately predicted grades of biosciences subjects, however it did not predict grades in clinical subjects. Provision of academic support targeted at bioscience subjects may be useful to improve the performance of students with lower ATAR scores.
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Lanceley, A., J. Savage, U. Menon, and I. Jacobs. "Influences on multidisciplinary team decision-making." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 18, no. 2 (2008): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00991.x.
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The objective is to explore how clinical decisions are made in a cancer multidisciplinary team meeting (MDM). The study design is qualitative based on participant observation, in depth interviews, and questionnaires. The research setting was weekly cancer MDM which provides a forum for clinical debate for practitioners in the field of women's health, working within one Cancer Network in England. The participants were 53 practitioners attending a weekly MDM over a 4-month period. Analysis of nonparticipant observation data and practitioner interview narratives identified key influences on the work of the MDM, and in particular decision-making. The research identified three major influences on the conduct of the MDM. First, MDM discussions are dominated by those with surgical, medical, or diagnostic expertise with limited contributions from those with a nursing, palliative, or psychosocial background. Second, decision-making is shaped by an overriding need to comply with policy initiatives concerning the organization of diagnosis and treatment. The third influence is whether the patient is known or unknown to some degree by members of the MDM. Where there is preexisting knowledge of the patient, the discussion and decision is inclusive of a wider range of disciplines. Team working in these circumstances is an acknowledged source of satisfaction and motivation. Where the patient is not known, discussion concerns only the physical details necessary to make a diagnosis and contributions from the wider team (including those with knowledge of psychosocial care) are rare. Practitioners' sphere of expertise, Department of Health policy, and familiarity of the team with the patient are key factors in shaping decision-making in MDMs.
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Hashmi, Javeria A., Marco L. Loggia, Sheraz Khan, Lei Gao, Jieun Kim, Vitaly Napadow, Emery N. Brown, and Oluwaseun Akeju. "Dexmedetomidine Disrupts the Local and Global Efficiencies of Large-scale Brain Networks." Anesthesiology 126, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001509.
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Abstract Background A clear understanding of the neural basis of consciousness is fundamental to research in clinical and basic neuroscience disciplines and anesthesia. Recently, decreased efficiency of information integration was suggested as a core network feature of propofol-induced unconsciousness. However, it is unclear whether this finding can be generalized to dexmedetomidine, which has a different molecular target. Methods Dexmedetomidine was administered as a 1-μg/kg bolus over 10 min, followed by a 0.7-μg · kg−1 · h−1 infusion to healthy human volunteers (age range, 18 to 36 yr; n = 15). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during baseline, dexmedetomidine-induced altered arousal, and recovery states. Zero-lag correlations between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals extracted from 131 brain parcellations were used to construct weighted brain networks. Network efficiency, degree distribution, and node strength were computed using graph analysis. Parcellated brain regions were also mapped to known resting-state networks to study functional connectivity changes. Results Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the local and global efficiencies of graph theory–derived networks. Dexmedetomidine also reduced the average brain connectivity strength without impairing the degree distribution. Functional connectivity within and between all resting-state networks was modulated by dexmedetomidine. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine is associated with a significant drop in the capacity for efficient information transmission at both the local and global levels. These changes result from reductions in the strength of connectivity and also manifest as reduced within and between resting-state network connectivity. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that conscious processing relies on an efficient system of information transfer in the brain.
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Nazari, Elham, Mehran Aghemiri, Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Sayyed Mostafa Mostafavi, Shokoufeh Aalaei, Saeed Eslami HasanAbady, and Hamed Tabesh. "Thesis Conducted by Student in Medical Informatics Field Based on Health Informatics Competencies Framework: A Study in Iran." Frontiers in Health Informatics 9, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v9i1.230.
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Introduction: One of the challenges of multidisciplinary disciplines such as Medical Informatics, health information technology, etc., especially for those who have just started research in this field, is the lack of familiarity with research fields in this field. Medical Informatics has various research fields related to the use of technology in the field of health care with the aim of reducing costs, improving the quality of health care and reducing possible medical errors. Iran is a country where medical informatics is a fledgling field and few universities in This field is accepted by students. Due to the specializations and clinical facilities concentrated in each university, research is being done differently and with variety. At the same time, some important fields related to the field may be missed. Therefore, in this study, in order to identify the most researched fields in this field and the neglected fields of research, the dissertations done in the field of medical informatics in Iranian universities were reviewed based on the health informatics framework.Materials and methods: Defended dissertations available to master and doctoral students in medical informatics in the years 2001 to 2018 in the universities of Tehran, Iran, Tarbiat Modares, Shahid Beheshti, Shiraz, Tabriz and Mashhad were collected in this study. Three medical informatics graduates from different universities assigned dissertation titles to a competency and an area of skill based on the Health Informatics Competencies Framework. The second stage of the study was performed by two other experts (different from the previous three experts). At this stage, the opinions of three experts on thesis were compared. Each dissertation title was assigned to a specific competency and a specific area of skill by the majority opinion method. Results: The results showed that most of the master's and doctoral dissertations in medical informatics were in the field of information science and methods, in which area of skill (data analysis and visualization) and decision support systems and informatics for participatory health were more than others. PhD students and the area of skill (decision support system) and (Architecture of health IS) are more popular with postgraduate students, while PhD students at the University of Mashhad, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti in the field of methods and basic principles of activities More than other areas, information and communication technology, biomedical science and health were not considered. Shahid Beheshti University had the most activity in the skill (Realization of benefits from IS) in the master's degree and in the degree PhD in skill (Application Mathematical concepts) has the most activity, in total, the most Competencies in which dissertations have been done in the country Competency (information science and core principles and method s) have been. In the universities of Iran, Tehran and Mashhad, the frequency of dissertations in competency (core principles and methods) and in other universities in competency (information science) has been higher. Most research in the doctoral program in 2017 was related to the University of Mashhad. Most of the research in master's degree in 2014 was related to Iran University. Most of the research in the doctoral program in 2017 was related to Mashhad University.Conclusion: The results of this research can help field researchers in conducting new research in the field and can help in useful, scientific and effective design of research projects of researchers, university professors, educational planners and health care service providers. Also, due to the interdisciplinary nature of medical informatics, the use of professors in various fields and specialties in Iranian universities can be effective in defining topics for research for theses.
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Patton, Scott, Elaine Basaca, and Jennifer S. Brown. "2557 Improving ClinicalTrials.gov compliance: A coordinated effort for success." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.288.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: ClinicalTrials.gov (CTgov) compliance has received much international attention as a significant regulatory, scientific, and ethical responsibility. Compliance rates for both industry and academia are held up for scrutiny by transparency advocates, but solutions for achieving compliance in academia have proven to be—because of its focus on innovation and multiple disciplines—significantly more complex than those employed by industry. Added challenges for academic medical centers (AMCs) are both increased researcher responsibilities under the new NIH Policy on Clinical Trial Dissemination and system-wide changes to requirements for “clinical trial only” Funding Opportunity Announcements. At Stanford University, a multifaceted approach toward improving CTgov outreach, education, and reporting led to a dramatic turnaround in compliance over 17-month period. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Stanford University School of Medicine’s Senior Associate Dean for Research and PI of Stanford’s CTSA applied a 3-part strategy to address unacceptable rates of results reporting. The strategy included (1) regular compliance reports to department chairs, (2) establishment of a central office, Clinical Research Quality (CRQ), to provide consistent training and support, and (3) interdepartmental cooperation across the school and university. Compliance reports, identifying all studies late for results reporting were sent monthly to all department chairs, with heightened focus on departments that conduct the most clinical trials. Senior leadership described the process in executive meetings and set improvement goals. Reports included multiple data points to help departments mobilize resources and identify trends; half-way through the period, soon-to-be late study records were included. CRQ hired 2 fulltime employees tasked with all aspects of managing the CTgov process and designed a portfolio of activities including: (1) a master list of all Stanford studies in the CTgov system; (2) a process for generating and distributing monthly reports; (3) an education program; and (4) support services, including an administrator working group. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Since December 2015, Stanford has had the second-highest compliance rate improvement out of the 20 schools of medicine that receive the most NIH funding (+ 62%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Managing ClinicalTrials.gov compliance requires a high degree of technical knowledge of regulations, NIH policy, and the CTgov system. But without an equally high degree of engagement from senior leadership, results would not have been achieved. Central resources are critical to set policy and establish consistent processes, but without regular and repeated interactions between faculty, a multitude of administrators and staff, more central resources would have been required. By working simultaneously “down from the top” and “up from the bottom,” communication and education expanded rapidly, ineffective efforts were quickly transformed, and what began as an irritating and cumbersome problem became an occasion for collaboration and celebration of increased transparency.
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Chau, Edward, Laura C. Rosella, Luke Mondor, and Walter P. Wodchis. "Association between continuity of care and subsequent diagnosis of multimorbidity in Ontario, Canada from 2001–2015: A retrospective cohort study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0245193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245193.
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Background Continuity of care is a well-recognized principle of the primary care discipline owing to its medical, interpersonal, and cost-saving benefits. Relationship continuity or the ongoing therapeutic relationship between a patient and their physician is a particularly desirable goal, but its role in preventing the accumulation of chronic conditions diagnoses in individuals is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of continuity of care with physicians on the rate of incident multimorbidity diagnoses in patients with existing conditions. Methods This was a population-based, retrospective cohort study from 2001 to 2015 that focused on patients aged 18 to 105 years with at least one chronic condition (n = 166,665). Our primary exposure was relationship continuity of care with general practitioners and specialists measured using the Bice-Boxerman Continuity of Care Index (COCI). COCI was specified as a time-dependent exposure prior to the observation period. Our outcomes of interest were the time to diagnosis of a second, third, and fourth chronic condition estimated using cause-specific hazard regressions accounting for death as a competing risk. Findings We observed that patients with a single chronic condition and high continuity of care (>0.50) were diagnosed with a second chronic condition or multimorbidity at an 8% lower rate compared to individuals with low continuity (cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% Confidence Interval 0.90–0.93; p<0.0001) after adjusting for age, sex, income, place of residence, primary care enrolment, and the annual number of physician visits. Continuity remained protective as the degree of multimorbidity increased. Among patients with two conditions, the risk of diagnosis of a third chronic condition was also 8% lower for individuals with high continuity (HR 0.92; CI 0.90–0.94; p<0.0001). Patients with three conditions and high continuity had a 9% lower risk of diagnosis with a fourth condition (HR 0.91; CI 0.89–0.93; p<0.0001). Conclusions Continuity of care is a potentially modifiable health system factor that reduces the rate at which diagnoses of chronic conditions are made over time in patients with multimorbidity. Additional research is needed to explain the underlying mechanisms through which continuity is related to a protective effect and the clinical sequalae.
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Oliver, Kendra H., Christina Keeton, Roger Chalkley, and Elizabeth Bowman. "Virtual Vanderbilt Summer Science Academy highlighted the opportunity to impact early STEMM students career knowledge through narrative." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): e0258660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258660.
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Due to COVID-19 precautions, the Vanderbilt University summer biomedical undergraduate research program, the Vanderbilt Summer Science Academy (VSSA), rapidly transitioned from offering an in-person training program to a virtual seminar format. Our program typically supports undergraduate development through research and/or clinical experience, meeting with individuals pursuing postgraduate training, and providing career development advice. Evidence supports the idea that summer programs transform undergraduates by clarifying their interest in research and encouraging those who haven’t previously considered graduate studies. We were interested in exploring whether a virtual, synchronous program would increase participants’ scientific identity and clarify postgraduate career planning. Rather than create a virtual research exposure, our 5-week "Virtual VSSA" program aimed to simulate the casual connections that would naturally be made with post-undergraduate trainees during a traditional summer program. In seminars, presenters discussed 1) their academic journey, explaining their motivations, goals, and reasons for pursuing a career in science as well as 2) a professional story that illustrated their training. Seminars included Vanderbilt University and Medical School faculty, M.D., MD/Ph.D., as well as Ph.D. students from diverse scientific and personal backgrounds. In addition, weekly informational sessions provided an overview of the nature of each degree program along with admissions advice. Through pre-and post-program surveys, we found that students who registered for this experience already strongly identified with the STEMM community (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine). However, participation in the Virtual VSSA increased their sense of belonging. We also uncovered a gap in participants’ understanding of postgraduate pathways prior to participation and found that our program significantly increased their self-reported understanding of postgraduate programs. It also increased their understanding of why someone would pursue a Ph.D. or Ph.D./MD versus M.D. These changes did not uniformly impact participants’ planned career paths. Overall, by providing personal, tangible stories of M.D., MD/Ph.D., and Ph.D. training, the Virtual VSSA program offered seminars that positively impacted students’ sense of belonging with and connection to the STEMM disciplines.
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Holdoway, Anne, Fionna Page, Judy Bauer, Nicola Dervan, and Andrea B. Maier. "Individualised Nutritional Care for Disease-Related Malnutrition: Improving Outcomes by Focusing on What Matters to Patients." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 3534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173534.
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Delivering care that meets patients’ preferences, needs and values, and that is safe and effective is key to good-quality healthcare. Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) has profound effects on patients and families, but often what matters to patients is not captured in the research, where the focus is often on measuring the adverse clinical and economic consequences of DRM. Differences in the terminology used to describe care that meets patients’ preferences, needs and values confounds the problem. Individualised nutritional care (INC) is nutritional care that is tailored to a patient’s specific needs, preferences, values and goals. Four key pillars underpin INC: what matters to patients, shared decision making, evidence informed multi-modal nutritional care and effective monitoring of outcomes. Although INC is incorporated in nutrition guidelines and studies of oral nutritional intervention for DRM in adults, the descriptions and the degree to which it is included varies. Studies in specific patient groups show that INC improves health outcomes. The nutrition care process (NCP) offers a practical model to help healthcare professionals individualise nutritional care. The model can be used by all healthcare disciplines across all healthcare settings. Interdisciplinary team approaches provide nutritional care that delivers on what matters to patients, without increased resources and can be adapted to include INC. This review is of relevance to all involved in the design, delivery and evaluation of nutritional care for all patients, regardless of whether they need first-line nutritional care or complex, highly specialised nutritional care.
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Ambinder, Richard. "AIDS oncology emerges as a clinical discipline." Current Opinion in Oncology 8, no. 5 (September 1996): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-199609000-00006.
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Borrego, Maura, David B. Knight, and Nathan Hyungsok Choe. "Research group experiences and intent to complete." Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 8, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-d-17-00009.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to better understand the nature of graduate training experiences in research groups and to identify factors that may lead to increased student retention and success. Design/methodology/approach Surveys administered at four US universities resulted in quantitative responses from 130 Master’s and 702 doctoral engineering students participating in graduate research groups. Missing data were imputed, and responses were weighted by gender, discipline, degree program and nationality. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors describing research group experiences. Regression models were built for two outcomes: satisfaction with research group experience and intention to complete degree. Control variables included gender, discipline, degree program, nationality, year in program and institution. Findings Fifty-five per cent of the variance in satisfaction was described by a model including agency, support, international diversity and group climate. Sixty-five per cent of variance in intent to complete was described by a model comprising international diversity, agency and support. Several control variables were significant. Originality/value Agency and support in particular were the most influential predictors of both satisfaction and intention, suggesting that future efforts should emphasize stable funding, clear expectations, access to mentors and agency-building experiences to help students take an active role in their own success.
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McGregor, Ian A. "Clinical Epidemiology as a Research Discipline in Tropical Medicine *." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 34, no. 3 (May 1, 1985): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.419.
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Simon, Josep. "Writing the Discipline." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 392–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2016.46.3.392.
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The historiography of physics has reached a great degree of maturity and sophistication, providing many avenues to consider the making of science from a historical perspective. However, the big picture of the making of physics is characterized by a predominant narrative focused on a conception of disciplinary formation through leadership transfers in research among France, Germany, and Britain. This focus has provided the history of physics with a periodization, a geography, and a fundamental goal commonly considered to be conceptual and theoretical unification. In this paper, I suggest the interest of reassessing this picture by analyzing the temporal, national, and epistemological viewpoint from which it is written. I use for this purpose an exemplary case study: Adolphe Ganot’s physics textbooks in France and their translation by Edmund Atkinson in England. In this context, I suggest future avenues for the study of the making of physics as a discipline, which consider the canonical role of textbooks in disciplinary formation beyond the Kuhnian paradigm.
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Kasprova, Yuliya Aleksandrovna. "Problems of teaching the discipline “Agricultural Law” in institutions of higher education." Сельское хозяйство, no. 2 (February 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8809.2019.2.32452.
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The subject of the research is the peculiarities of teaching the discipline “Agricultural Law” in institutions of higher education oriented towards the training of bachelors in the field of agriculture and agro-industrial complex. The author analyzes the Federal Educational Standard in Jurisprudence (bachelor degree course), educational standards of institutions of higher education authorized to develop them, and the curricula of some institutions of higher education for the presence of the discipline “Agricultural Law”. The author also gives attention to the up-to-date scientific literature in this discipline. The research is based on the methods of analysis, observation, description, the formal-legal method and sociological method. The author arrives at the following conclusions: 1) in specialized agricultural universities, even if they have the faculty of law, the discipline “Agricultural law” is often not taught in bachelor degree courses. The author suggests introducing the compulsory discipline “Agricultural Law” in field-oriented educational institutions (primarily those under the Ministry of Agriculture). 2) the author notes students’ low motivation for studying this discipline. 3) there’s a lack of up-to-date agricultural law textbooks.
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Kyrykylytsia, Valentyna, Aida Trotsiuk, and Oksana Yasinska. "THE FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION KNOWLEDGE IN ENGLISH IN MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAM STUDENTS OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS." Collection of Scientific Papers of Uman State Pedagogical University, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2307-4906.1.2022.256190.
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The article justifies the importance of studying the academic discipline “Scientific Communication in aForeign Language” according to the Master’s degree educational program. The research aims atfinding the ways of the formation of scientific communication knowledge in English. To achieve thisgoal, such methods of pedagogical research as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization oftheoretical scientific literature and advanced practical pedagogical experience were used. It has beennoted that the main didactic purpose of this discipline is to develop students’ knowledge of the scientificresearch methodology and the ability to present their own research results. The basic knowledge thatstudents gain in the process of studying the course has been indicated: awareness of the main featuresof scientific style and elements of academic texts; understanding of the rhetoric, stylistics and genreorganization of modern scientific discourse; skills formation of writing the scientific texts of differentgenres (summary, scientific article, abstract, review); awareness of the requirements for writing andpresenting conference abstracts. The conclusion about the effectiveness of the suggested methods ofstudying the scientific aspect in English by Master’s degree program students of natural sciences andmathematics has been made. It has been proposed to conduct further research in the direction of findingthe new effective ways to study the scientific aspect of a foreign language, in particular with the use ofthe latest information and advanced communication technologies.
Keywords: scientific communication; Master’s degree program; English; academic discipline;scientific aspect; educational-scientific program; Master’s degree program students; academic text;research.
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Backeris, Peter, Janice Lynn Gabrilove, Caroline Eden, Crispin Goytia, and Kevin Costa. "2547." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.186.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Innovation in healthcare is increasingly dependent on technology and teamwork, requiring effective collaboration among diverse disciplines. However, large knowledge barriers exist between these diverse disciplines which hinders effective communication and the innovation processes. We organized an intensive team-based competition event, Sinai MedMaker Challenge, that engaged individuals with a wide range of backgrounds in medicine, biomedical research, computers science, and engineering to collaborate in solving medical problems with technology-based solutions. The learning objectives were to: enable participants to identify healthcare problems which lend themselves to technology-based solutions; delineate key behaviors critical to multidisciplinary team success; identify optimal strategies for communicating in teams; engage and inspire participants to apply knowledge of technology to meaningfully impact clinical care and well-being. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Sinai MedMaker Challenge was a 48-hour team-based competition, modeled after previously held health “hackathons.” Adapting from guidelines provided by MIT Hacking Medicine, the event gathered participants from diverse backgrounds (clinicians, medical students, graduate students in biomedical science and humanities, software developers, engineers, and others), for the purpose of utilizing technology to address pressing problems in the diagnosis, management and/or treatment of pain and/or fatigue. The event flow can be outlined as follows: Phase 1—pre-event brainstorming via Slack and Sparkboard online platforms; Phase 2—problem review with clinical experts; Phase 3—solution pitches, formation of teams, development of prototype solutions; Phase 4—presentations and prizes awarded. The event was sponsored by ISMMS Institutes and Technology Companies. Mentors roamed throughout the event to support the teams in the technical, clinical, and business development aspects of their solutions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 78 participants forming 14 teams, worked on the development of software and hardware prototypes (apps/websites, devices, wearables) to address a variety of pain and fatigue problems, culminating in final pitch presentations to a panel of judges comprised of academic experts; innovators and entrepreneurs in the technology start up space. Award recipients were: (1) PT partners, a wearable device for monitoring physical therapy post knee replacement; (2) SickleMeNot, an interactive, multimodal website/app for children designed to assess, monitor and manage pain; and (3) Biolumen, a functional biofeedback system, to treat chronic back pain. Evaluations revealed a high-degree of satisfaction with the event. Several teams continue to develop their prototypes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The Sinai MedMaker Challenge (1) was a compelling and productive forum to bring together students, trainees, faculty and other stakeholders to explore tech-based solutions for management, monitoring, and treatment of pain and fatigue; and (2) can be repeated annually, fostering a “Community of Practice,” and expanded to offer pre and post event opportunities to encourage iterative learning and ongoing creative output.
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Nurfadli, Sa’ban, and Muhammad Ali. "PENGARUH INSENTIF TERHADAP DISIPLIN PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PERUMAHAN DAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN KABUPATEN BIMA." MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA 4, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26460/md.v4i2.8584.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect ofincentives on employee discipline at the Office of Housing and Settlementsof Bima Regency. The type of research used is associative, with a sampleof 68 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling.The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scalemeasurement. Data collection techniques by questionnaire, observationand documentation. Data analysis methods used were validity test,reliability test, simple linear regression, coeficient correlation, coeficientdetermination and t test (two part). The results of this study conclude thatincentives have a significant influence on employee discipline asevidenced by the t test value of 9,429 and Sig 0,000. The degree ofinfluence of incentives on employee discipline at Bima Regency Housingand Settlement Service Office is strong.Kata Kunci: Incentives, Employee Discipline
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Maltsev, D. V., E. M. Genson, and D. S. Repetskiy. "Electronic Study Guides for Applied Bachelor’s Degree Programs." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-4-134-141.
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The development of electronic study guides (ESG) for Bachelor’s disciplines enables to reduce procurement costs for print library collections. Posting of ESGs on the University Internet resources will provide their accessibility and usability, so the subject is topical. The article analyzes the experience of developing electronic study guides for the disciplines of basic professional bachelor’s degree programs in various universities and reviews the literature on this subject. The main features that distinguish ESG from paper teaching materials are the following: multimedia presentation of information, interactivity, dynamic content. In addition, remote interaction between a teacher and students in forums or video conferences is possible, depending on the format of the ESG. Furthermore, ESG allows one to remotely monitor the completeness and timeliness of the study of certain topics of the discipline, unlike other types of educational and methodological support. The implementation of the ESG makes it possible to maintain control in two forms: internal and external. There are also such criteria for assessing the quality of ESG as: proportion in ensuring the total volume of discipline, proportion in ensuring the self-directed student work, quality of design, the effectiveness of multimedia, adaptability, level of remote access. The result of the analysis was the development of requirements for the ESG design for the discipline «Structure and calculation of engines». This discipline includes the basics of structure and calculation elements and systems of internal combustion engines and the processes occurring in them. In Perm National Research Polytechnic University, according to the curriculum, the discipline is studied for 2 semesters; the labor intensity is 7 credits. Classroom lessons consist of lectures, laboratory and practical classes, additionally, coursework was provided. The difficulty of organizing and maintaining a laboratory in working condition is due to high labor and material costs for fuels and lubricants, electricity, forced-air ventilation, maintenance and repair of internal combustion engines, etc. In this regard, it is relevant to use simulation methods and create virtual laboratory benches to determine the characteristics of the internal combustion engine. These benches may be considered as an alternative to field experiments and stands. As a result of the generalization experience, it was possible to draw up general requirements to the structure and content of the ESG and to provide recommendations on the development of ESGs taking into account the specifics of applied bachelor’s programs.
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Kocaoglu, Dundar F. "Engineering Management." Industry and Higher Education 10, no. 6 (December 1996): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229601000603.
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The number of degree-granting educational programmes under titles such as ‘Engineering Management’ and ‘Management of Technology’ is rapidly increasing throughout the world. The objective of such courses is to prepare engineers and scientists to move toward management responsibilities while maintaining identity in their technical fields. This strong growth pattern has been the key to the emergence of ‘Engineering Management’ as a discipline. It has triggered and reinforced the growth of research, publications and professional societies supporting the new discipline. This paper summarizes the results of a study conducted among the educational institutions offering degree programmes in ‘Engineering and Technology Management’ (ETM) and updates previous findings. Critical dimensions and strategic directions of engineering management education are discussed, and observations are made about the emerging research areas.
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Puth, Gustav. "Kommunikasienavorsing in Suid-Afrika." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 4, no. 1 (November 21, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v4i1.2142.
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THE article represents an overview of com-munication research undertaken in South Africa during the period 1974-1984. Be- cause of the relatively short history of the discipline in this country, a penetrating ana- lysis is hardly possible. Some interesting trends with regard to the distribution pat- terns of the research purposes (degree/ non-degree) and the emphases within specific subdisciplines, could however be Identified.
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Abbas, Syed Muslim, Ambreen Usmani, and Maroosha Imran. "Innovative Curriculum: Evidence Based Practice For Nursing Professionals." Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College 08, no. 03 (June 4, 2018): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51985/jbumdc2018060.
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Introduction: Evidence based medicine and practice needs to have a robust and reliable curriculum. This curriculum has been designed keeping in mind the latest technology and teaching strategies. There has been a major shift in context to the patient physician relations, care and utilisation of best available evidence in making informed decisions about the various treatment options and approaches to patient care. Nurses form an integral component of the healthcare delivery system and of the health system itself. There has been substantial research in the nursing principles and indexed nursing journals are publishing articles pertaining to the various disciplines and components of nurse practitioners and related patient care services. Methodology: It is a cross sectional study and total of 50 registered nurses were recruited from a public hospital to engage in the evaluation for statistically meaningful and valid results or interpretations. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 62 registered nurses; 12 registered nurses did not fill the questionnaire therefore 50 registered nurses were recruited. Result: Pie chart shows the major differences in frequency of all themes, the junior registered nurses have more knowledge about EBM as compared to their seniors 70% and 10% respectively but when asked about doing post-graduation the seniors showed more interest as compared to junior nurses 67% and 2% respectively. The junior nurses showed more counselling ability and also practiced EBM. Overall there was significant decline in senior nurses’ performance when compared with junior nurses p-value is 0.001 Conclusion: Evidence based medicine is based on three components; utilising prior knowledge based on clinical experience, searching systematically evidence and acknowledging patient’s preferences. Junior registered nurses understand evidence based medicine and are eager to apply EBM in their career whereas senior nurses where more interested in obtaining higher degree and were less interested in patient care