Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Clinical Research'
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Perez, Aquino Pedro L. "A Content Analysis of Ethnic Minorities in the Professional Discipline of Clinical Psychology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7585.
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A more diverse population in the United States calls for the inclusion of REC minority populations in research to improve treatment and clinician cultural awareness. A content analysis is proposed to analyze the inclusion level of REC minority groups in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Five questions are explored to organize and present the findings of the content analysis. Results demonstrate the low level of inclusion of REC minority groups as well as congruence between most studied topics and each REC minority group in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. These results should encourage researchers and clinicians to push for more inclusion of REC minority groups in research to accommodate the increasingly diverse population of the United States. This study should be used as evidence that demonstrates the low level of inclusion of REC minorities among research and clinical treatment. Additionally, this study should demonstrate the importance of REC inclusion among both research and treatment.
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Salgueiro, Ana Cláudia Marques. "Curricular training in coordination of clinical trials in a clinical research unit." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14285.
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Mestrado em Medicina FarmacêuticaThis report describes several activities and projects developed in the context of a curricular training in a clinical research unit, Centro de Investigação Clínica (CIC), led by Professor Joaquim Ferreira. The CIC is one of the research groups of Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM) and it is also a group of the Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML) consortium. The principal area of training was the coordination of clinical trials and observational studies. Additionally, other research activities were conducted during the training such as, pharmacovigilance, monitoring, data entry, medical writing and some language coordination activities in a European observational study about Huntington’s Disease founded by European Huntington’s Disease Network (EHDN). It is mention on the State of the Art the Research & Development Process of a new drug and it is characterised some issues about clinical research in Portugal, including advantages in the establishment and organisation of clinical networks. During the training, with the duration of 10 months (that started on 1st September 2013 and finished on 1st July 2014) I deepened my knowledge in clinical research area, understand the importance of the clinical research units, the importance and the role of the study coordinators and expand my areas of interest. The specific training focused in neurological clinical. I had opportunity to understand the practical and logistical difficulties that a research unit faces during the conduction of clinical studies I consider that this training was a valuable experience of introduction of the practice of clinical research. I finished this training with the motivation and interest in working in the area of coordination and monitoring of studies.
Este relatório descreve as actividades e projectos desenvolvidos no âmbito de estágio curricular numa unidade de investigação clínica, o Centro de Investigação Clínica (CIC), liderada pelo Professor Doutor Joaquim Ferreira. O CIC faz parte dos grupos de investigação do Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM) inserindo-se na iniciativa do consórcio Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML). A principal área de estágio foi a coordenação de ensaios clínicos e estudos observacionais. Adicionalmente foram abordadas outras actividades durante o estágio, tais como farmacovigilância, monitorização, preenchimento de bases de dados, escrita científica e algumas actividades de coordenação a nível nacional de estudo observacional europeu sobre a doença de Huntington financiado por European Huntington’s Disease Network (EHDN). Refere-se no estado da arte o Processo de Investigação e Desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos e caracteriza-se alguns aspectos da investigação clínica em Portugal incluindo vantagens na organização de redes clínicas de investigação. Ao longo do estágio, com 10 meses de duração (início a 1 Setembro de 2013 e fim a 1 de Julho de 2014) aprofundei o conhecimento na área de investigação clínica, percebi a importância de unidades de investigação clínica, a importância e papel de coordenadores clínicos e expandi as minhas áreas de interesse. O treino específico centrou-se em estudos clínicos na área da neurologia, nomeadamente ensaios de clínicos de fase II e III, e estudos observacionais. Tive ainda oportunidade de compreender a realidade prática e logística da condução de estudos clínicos num centro de investigação. Considero que este estágio foi uma experiência valiosa de introdução á prática de investigação clínica. Desta forma, termino o estágio com motivação e interesse em trabalhar na área de coordenação ou monitorização de estudos.
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Scadding, Emily. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760907.
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Shilling, Hannah. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760932.
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Patel, Priya. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760889.
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Rapley, Hannah. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760921.
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Critical Review of the Literature Objective: Whilst the evidence base for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with children and young people is growing, the mechanisms through which these beneficial effects occur is still unclear. This systematic review seeks to appraise the relationship between therapeutic outcomes in CBT and therapist adherence and competence, within the child and adolescent literature. Method: A systematic review was carried out, with seven studies identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: The literature is currently small and inconclusive. Amongst the studies reviewed there were inconsistent findings, with minimal-to-no effect sizes found between adherence, competence, and outcomes. Conclusions: The current paucity of research in this area means that conclusions are currently limited. The role and impact of adherence and competence on therapeutic outcomes remains unclear within individual CBT in a child population. This is comparable with the current adult literature, where findings also remain inconclusive. Further research avenues are discussed. Keywords: CBT, adherence, competence, children, young peoplePublic health significance: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy has a growing evidence base for children. However, it is still unclear which mechanisms enable these beneficial effects. How well a therapist adheres to the model, and the competence with which they deliver the therapy, are two possible variables that may contribute to the outcome of therapy. This article reviews the state of the current literature. Service Improvement ProjectFabricated or induced illness by another is rare and poorly understood. Whilst some of the difficulties recognising and managing it have been addressed in literature and guidelines, to date there has been no published consideration of fabrication within the context of chronic fatigue syndrome, which itself is often poorly understood and recognised. This study seeks to understand staff’s experience and knowledge of fabricated or induced illness within a paediatric chronic fatigue setting. Whilst challenges in line with other health conditions are identified, additional challenges are also highlighted that may be unique to working within a chronic fatigue setting. Discussion of these and future improvements are considered. Keywords: fabricated illness, chronic fatigue syndrome, paediatrics Main Research ProjectObjective: This novel study sought to examine the prevalence of online self-harm activity amongst those who self-harm and how this impacts on self-harming practices and related distress. Method: A small innovative experimental study (N=3) sought to look at real-time effects of viewing self-harm material online. A cross-sectional study of young adults (N=126) compared differences between those who view self-harm material online and those who do not. The impact of appraisal of online content was explored in both studies. Results: 48% of the sample reported currently viewing self-harm material online, with an additional 23% reporting having previously viewed such material. Stronger desire to self-harm and greater psychological distress was found amongst those who view self-harm material online. Due to the small sample size in the experimental study causational inferences about the role of viewing self-harm material online cannot be made. Conclusions: Findings suggest that viewing self-harm material online is common amongst those who self-harm and that those who view self-harm material online may have stronger urges to self-harm and greater psychological distress than those who do not view such material online, thus indicating a higher risk group.
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Cowles, Megan. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760929.
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Whittle, Charlotte. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760924.
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Fiddick, Lucy. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760904.
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Cordey, Julia. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760909.
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Phillips, Rachel. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760918.
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Waldron, Sam. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760938.
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Lindsay, Dawn. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760943.
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Jamalamadaka, Taruna. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760946.
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Haines, Cara. "Research Portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760994.
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Mcguire, Sally. "Research Portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760998.
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Foxhall, Mia. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761011.
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Self-disclosing mental health diagnoses may not only result in earlier help and support but also minimise the effects of mental health stigma, such as low self- esteem and isolation. However interventions designed to enable this have inconsistent outcomes. Forecasted interactions can predict disclosure-related distress and may offer an appropriate target for these interventions. Meta- stereotypes, or the way one believes others’ stereotype them, may be particularly amenable to intervention. The current study aimed to identify whether mental health meta-stereotypes exist and how they impact disclosure comfort and self-esteem. Interviews and quantitative analysis were used to develop a meta-stereotype measurement tool. Seventy-two individuals with mental health diagnoses participated in an experiment asking them to imagine disclosing to someone with either positive or negative attitudes towards mental health. Results show imagining disclosing to someone with negative attitudes increases meta-stereotype elicitation and rejection-expectation, whilst decreasing comfort with disclosure. Furthermore, meta-stereotype elicitation was associated with disclosure comfort more so than rejection-expectation. Meta-stereotype elicitation did not impact self-esteem, however mediational analysis indicates an indirect relationship via rejection- expectation. However, in both conditions, disclosure was considered an uncomfortable experience, therefore alternative influences should be considered. Results are discussed in terms of the evidence base and future research is considered.
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Ryninks, Kirsty. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761027.
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Lloyd, Samantha. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761044.
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Howe, Emily Louise. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675691.
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Purpose: Research investigating psychological predictors of health anxiety and related outcomes is lacking. This study investigated whether mental defeat, existential concerns, beliefs about emotions and intolerance of uncertainty predict levels of health anxiety, quality of life, depression and anxiety in cancer patients in remission. Method: A quantitative prospective design was employed. Ninety participants aged 23-80, who had completed cancer treatment with curative intent were recruited from two hospitals, support groups and the Macmillan website. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure mental defeat, existential concerns, beliefs about emotions and intolerance of uncertainty, health anxiety, quality of life, depression and anxiety at two time points, 4 weeks apart. Results: Clinically significant levels of health anxiety were reported in 52.2% of the sample. Elevated health anxiety at Time 1 (T1) was significantly associated with intolerance of uncertainty. Quality of life at T1 was significantly associated with mental defeat and beliefs about emotions. Psychological distress at T1 was significantly associated with mental defeat and intolerance of uncertainty. Stepwise regressions demonstrated that mental defeat was a significant predictor of health anxiety (including avoidance and reassurance seeking), quality of life and distress 4 weeks later. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that clinically elevated health anxiety is high in cancer survivors, and highlights the importance of consideration of the risk factors underlying elevated health anxiety, psychological distress and poor quality of life that are appropriate targets for treatment. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Mahoney-Davies, Gerwyn. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698971.
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Background: Socialising a client to the cognitive behavioural model is advised in almost every cognitive behavioural therapy textbook but there is limited evidence for whether socialisation is measurable or important in terms of outcomes. Aims: To determine whether socialisation to the model could be measured in a sample of young people who have completed CBT and to explore whether this construct is important in relation to clinical outcomes. Methods: Sixteen participants (mean age 14.9 years, 75% female) completed a semi-structured socialisation interview and a novel written measure of socialisation. They rated their subjective improvement using the Clinical Global Impression improvement subscale. Treating clinicians were asked to provide participant routine outcome measure scores, subjective ratings of participant socialisation and their Clinical Global Impression improvement subscale score. Results: A moderate but non-significant correlation was found between the novel written measure of socialisation and clinician rating of socialisation (r = .37) and greater total socialisation was associated with greater percentage change on routine outcome measures (r = .42) although simple clinician rating of socialisation was also associated with percentage change (r = .42). None of these correlations were significant, however, probably due to the small sample size. Conclusions: A small sample size precludes conclusions being made but useful ways of improving research in this newly developing area were learned and discussed.
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Carrick, Hazel Ann. "Research Portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698973.
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Main Research Project Objectives: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME (CFS/ME) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are known to be associated with poor quality of life and impaired functioning. Similar psychological drivers have been identified in these conditions, such as beliefs about symptoms (cause, consequence and management) and behavioural responses (withdrawal, avoidance and safety- seeking). The aim of this study was to compare CFS/ME and IBS groups regarding these factors to establish the extent to which they are similar (transdiagnostic) and different (disorder-specific). Method: Using a cross- sectional design, CFS/ME participants (n= 21), IBS participants (n=40), participants with co-morbid CFS/ME and IBS (n= 17) and healthy controls (n=65) were compared on a range of self-report questionnaires. This included measures of general psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, mental defeat, functioning). Novel measures were also developed to measure transdiagnostic and disorder-specific beliefs and behaviours, all of which were found to have good internal consistency. Results: Compared to the controls, the clinical groups reported poorer psychological wellbeing and endorsed more negative transdiagnostic beliefs and behaviours than healthy controls. The CFS/ME and co-morbid groups also scored significantly higher than the IBS group. Additionally, the CFS/ME group endorsed more disorder-specific beliefs and behaviours related to fatigue, while the IBS group scored higher on disorder-specific characteristics relevant to gastrointestinal symptoms. The co- morbid group showed characteristics of both CFS/ME and IBS. Conclusions: These study found similarities and differences between CFS/ME and IBS participants, regarding their beliefs about symptoms and behavioural responses to symptoms. This indicates that it may be appropriate to use a modular transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural approach for these problems, whereby therapy would start by addressing their common features and become more tailored to disorder-specific features as therapy progresses. For patients with CFS/ME, potentially unhelpful fatigue-related beliefs and behaviours should be addressed. Similarly, IBS patients may benefit from a focus on relevant gastrointestinal beliefs and behaviours. Implications for future research are discussed. Service Improvement ProjectPeople with mental health problems in general and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in particular often delay seeking help and lack information about evidence-based treatment. Provision of such information has increasingly become a task led by third sector organisations. OCD-UK is a charity, led by people with personal experience of OCD that runs an annual conference to address these issues. It primarily aims to promote understanding of OCD and its treatment, and increase optimism regarding the ability to overcome OCD. It also aims to highlight the need for psychological treatment, specifically Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. The present study undertook a systematic evaluation of OCD-UK’s 2014 conference. Sufferers (n=50) and carers (n=41) completed questionnaires pre- and post-conference. Changes in their scores showed that the conference was successful in increasing attendees’ confidence in their understanding of OCD and knowledge of treatment options. Additionally, the following beliefs weakened: pessimism about the ability to overcome OCD and perception of OCD as a biological illness. Beliefs about perceived need for psychological therapy to overcome OCD strengthened. Generally, sufferers and carers did not differ in terms of the impact of the conference. The findings illustrate the value of third-sector organisations, like OCD-UK, in providing information and addressing beliefs that are considered barriers to accessing treatment. The implications of these findings are discussed, along with recommendations for future research. Critical Review of the LiteraturePurpose: Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) has a growing evidence base for the general population. Several authors have recognised the advantages of applying this short-term, goal-focused and client-directed approach in intellectual disabilities (ID) and its evidence-base in this context is growing. However, it has not been critically evaluated. The purpose of this review is to summarise and critique the literature that has used solution-focused (SF) approaches in ID, and consider the implications for future research and clinical practice. Methodology and findings: A narrative literature review identified 12 studies that described or evaluated the application of solution- focused approaches; six used SFBT with individuals with IDs and six used Solution Focused Counselling (SFC) with staff and families. Research implications: The evidence-base primarily consists of case studies, and while they were generally of good quality, this limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of SF approaches in this context. There is a need for further controlled studies, with valid and reliable outcome measures, larger samples and longer follow-ups. Practical implications: Overall the reviewed studies offered preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of SFBT for individuals with mild ID and SFC for care staff working with individuals with moderate and severe ID, in particular in cases where clients’ behaviour challenges. ID services should consider offering SF approaches on this basis. For individuals with ID, SF techniques should be modified to accommodate for their cognitive abilities and carers should be involved in sessions where possible. The ‘miracle question’ technique was consistently considered too abstract and unhelpful, regardless of whether it was used for individuals with ID or their family and carers. Hence, it should be re-phrased so that it is more concrete and focused on coping, strengths & competencies.
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Stephens, Emma-Jane Kirsten. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698976.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the influence of recovery style and attachment on engagement and help seeking in first episode psychosis (FEP). It also aimed to explore self-compassion and shame as new potential moderators of engagement, and in terms of their relationship with attachment and recovery style. DESIGN: A cross-sectional between groups design was used to compare 'high' and 'low' engagers on key variables. Whole sample correlational analysis was also undertaken to further explore associations with self-compassion and shame in FEP. METHODS: Twenty-two individuals with psychosis under the care of Early Intervention (EI) Services completed four questionnaires. Care Coordinators were subsequently sent a questionnaire on engagement to complete. RESULTS: No significant group differences on the predicted variables were found, with only time in service reaching significance. Although non-significant, avoidant attachment did result in a small to medium effect size whereby 'low' engagers scored higher on avoidant attachment, and a trend towards more non-white individuals in the 'low' engagers group was nearing significance. In the secondary analysis, avoidant attachment was associated with shame and problems help seeking, even when positive symptoms were controlled for. Anxious attachment was associated with lower self-compassion and higher shame. None of the variables were significantly correlated with recovery style. CONCLUSIONS: The small sample size limits the conclusions which can be made, however it is of interest that no significant differences were found between the two groups on the expected variables. Although self-compassion and shame did not appear to effect engagement in this sample, strong and distinct associations were found between these variables and insecure attachment dimensions, indicating a possible area for further exploration.
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Brown, Laura. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760916.
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Main Research Project: Psychosocial factors underpinning depression in Multiple Sclerosis, Service Improvement Project: Increasing access to emotional coping skills training in an acute inpatient setting: Exploring feasibility and barriers to implementation. Literature Review: The efficacy of video-feedback interventions to enhance parent-infant interaction in ‘at risk’ populations: A systematic review.
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Almeida, Nuno Miguel Dias. "Curricular internship in a clinical research unit." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17113.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaO presente relatório descreve em detalhe as tarefas e atividades desenvolvidas no contexto de um estágio curricular durante o segundo ano do Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica, da Universidade de Aveiro. Este estágio teve lugar na Unidade de Farmacologia Clínica do Professor Joaquim Ferreira, do Instituto de Medicina Molecular, de 14 de setembro de 2015 a 27 de junho de 2016. Esta experiência permitiu-me pôr em prática aquilo que aprendi no mestrado durante dez meses. Tive a oportunidade de trabalhar em três áreas diferentes da biomedicina farmacêutica: farmacovigilância, coordenação de ensaios clínicos e gestão de dados. Durante o estágio, surgiram múltiplas dificuldades e obstáculos. Contudo, consegui ultrapassá-los, melhorando as minhas capacidades profissionais, tais como organização, responsabilidade, comunicação, espírito critico, entre outras qualidades fundamentais para ser um bom profissional. Em conclusão, este estágio curricular permitiu o meu crescimento, não só como profissional, mas também como pessoa. Considero que tenha sido um desafio concretizado com sucesso e estou consciente que me abriu muitas janelas para a minha carreira futura.
This report describes in detail the tasks and activities developed in the context of a curricular internship during the second year of the Master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Medicine of the University of Aveiro. This internship took place in the Professor Joaquim Ferreira’s Clinical Pharmacology Unit (CPU) of the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, from September 14th, 2015 to June 27, 2016. This experience allowed me to put in practice what I learned from my master’s degree during ten months. I had the opportunity to work in three different areas of pharmaceutical medicine: pharmacovigilance, clinical trial coordination and data management. During the internship, several difficulties and obstacles showed up. However, I managed to surpass them, improving my professional skills, such as organization, responsibility, communication, critical thinking, among other fundamental qualities to be a good professional. In conclusion, this curricular internship allowed me to grow up, not only as a professional but also as a person. I think it was a successful challenge and I’m aware that it has opened many windows to future career.
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Adshead, Heidi Jane. "A portfolio of study, practice and research submitted for the degree of Doctor of Psychology in Clinical Psychology Conversion Programme." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264215.
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Mace, Janet-Lee. "An inquiry into the meaning of Guillain-Barré syndrome : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." Massey University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1180.
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Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune syndrome characterized by a severe and rapid onset of paralysis that ascends without warning. It has an unknown aetiology and is generally unknown by most people, including medical professionals. When a person who has had GBS is asked to speak about their experience, they are likely to talk about aspects of it that are personally meaningful. Their account can be likened to a story in that it collates seemingly unconnected facts, episodes of activity and emotional attributions into a sequence that provides knowledge and understanding. A story is a powerful form for expressing suffering and experiences and so is particularly suitable for the study of trauma and illness. The actual process of creating the story, plus its presentational and organisational forms, provides sources for uncovering the identities authors choose to create and present of themselves. Six people who have had GBS were interviewed about their experience, and their stories were analysed using a narrative inquiry to discern the meanings attributed to GBS from the participants’ own understandings and perspectives. The intended focus of the research was holistic and content based. The result of the narrative inquiry was a plot common to all six narratives. Namely, GBS is an inexplicable condition, during which horrendous things happen, but people do recover with time and it is likely their life view will be changed in the process. Four fundamental issues, identity, meaning, making sense and meaningfulness were drawn from the stories and configured into a narrative of the researcher’s making. What the participants chose to speak about became the meanings, or themes, major and minor, of their stories. No event has meaning in itself, however traumatic events can precipitate crises of meaning. When these crises are viewed within the context of other events, and are perceived to add value to life, then they have meaningfulness. In the telling of meanings and meaningfulness, the purpose for storying and the audience to whom the story is directed are the criteria for which the storylines are chosen. Both the story and the storying provide opportunities for the authors to create and offer images of themselves, that are then open to interpretation by an audience. As a traumatic experience, GBS enabled six people to tell their stories. In doing so they were able to make sense of important issues for themselves, and re-examine the way they saw themselves and the world.
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Jarden, Rebecca Jane. "Gastric residual volumes in the adult intensive care patient : a systematic review : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing (Clinical) /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1188.
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German, Millberg Lena. "Akademisering av specialistsjuksköterskans utbildning i Sverige : Spänningsförhållanden med anledning av utbildningsreform i enlighet med Bologna." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-15627.
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Licentiatavhandlingens övergripande syfte var att studera konsekvenser av ökad akademisering och akademiskt lärande inom Svensk specialist-sjuksköterskeutbildning efter genomförande av ny utbildningsreform enligt Bologna. Bakgrund: Specialistsjuksköterskor förväntas i dagens hälso– och sjukvård att kunna bedriva en patientsäker och evidensbaserad vård, vilket kräver akademisk kompetens. Utbildningen till specialistsjuksköterska fördes i och med Bolognaprocessens införande i Sverige 2007 till avancerad utbildningsnivå. Både yrkesexamen och akademisk examen (magisterexamen) skulle inkluderas och integreras i samma utbildning. Detta medförde en förändring från en ämnesinriktad (samlingskodsinriktad) läroplan till en läroplan som syftar till att integrera ämnen (integrationskodsinriktad). Förutom ämnesintegrering skulle yrkesspecifika mål integreras med akademiska mål. Metod: Artikel I genomfördes i form av ett didaktiskt aktionsforskningsprojekt som pågick under 2½ år. En projektledningsgrupp (n=15-18) från fem lärosäten bildades. Denna grupp har aktivt deltagit i hela aktionsforskningsprocessen och vid projektmöten. Vid varje lärosäte utsågs en projektansvarig som ansvarade för den lokala aktionsforskningsprocessen. Dessa personer samlande in data i form av kursplaner, utbildningsplaner, studiehandledningar, minnesanteckningar från lärarmöten och möten med vårdverksamheter samt minnesanteckningar från forskargruppensmöten. Analys har gjorts med hjälp av konstant komparativ analysmetod. I artikel II användes konstruktivistisk Grounded Theory för att samla in och analysera data. Datainsamlingen påbörjades utifrån specialistsjuksköterskestudenters svar på en enkäts öppna fråga (n=120) i samband med utbildningens avslutning 2009 och 2010. Enkätsvaren reste frågor om specialistsjuksköterskans akademiska lärande. För att inhämta en djupare förståelse genomfördes intervjuer med specialistsjuksköterskor (n=12) som yrkesarbetat mellan 5 och 12 månader efter sin examen. Intervjuerna genomfördes från juni till oktober 2011. Avslutningsvis jämfördes svaren på den öppna enkätfrågan med analysen av intervjuerna. Resultat: Vid utbildningsreformens införande fanns pedagogiska motsättningar och didaktiska svårigheter som gav upphov till spänningsförhållanden mellan vårdutveckling, forskning, yrkesspecifika mål och akademiska mål. Spänningsförhållanden framkom också när specialistsjuksköterskorna inte erfor att deras akademiska kompetens tillvaratogs och värderades i vårdverksamheten. När stöd inte fanns för akademiskt lärande uppkom villrådighet och specialistsjuksköterskorna blev ambivalenta över om akademiskt lärande var meningsfullt. För att främja meningsfullt akademiskt lärande framhåller deltagarna betydelsen av samverkan och gemensamma arenor mellan lärosäten och vårdverksamhet där nyttoaspekten med akademiskt lärande tydliggörs. De spänningsförhållanden som framkommer var av både positiv och negativ karaktär.
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Couch, Clare Mary. "Balanced parenting with young children : relationship focused parent training within a dialectical framework : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1206.
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While traditional behavioural parent training programmes have assisted families with concerns of child behaviour problems, they have not kept abreast with recent conceptualisations of the development of problematic behaviours in the parent-child relationship. Research has indicated that understanding of this relationship needs to go beyond bidirectional explanations and that a dialectical framework better describes the complexity of this relationship, which, in turn, should be reflected in the parent training programmes offered. Therefore, this study provided a parent training programme focused on balance in the parent-child relationship, which encapsulated the complex, dialectical nature of this intimate relationship. A central implication when adopting this notion of balance was that all aspects of the programme were addressed at the parent and child level. In addition, multiple factors were addressed that included mindfulness and acceptance, dealing with emotions, understanding development, and addressing parental attributions. It was only within this overarching concept of balance and relationship factors that behavioural skills were introduced. Mechanisms of change were identified by investigating parental emotional schemas through their narratives about themselves, their child, and the programme. This research involved 23 parents with their 3-4 year-old children in a parent training programme where both the parent and child met weekly with a therapist in group parent training. The groups involved 2-hourly sessions for 5 weeks, modelled on a “coffee morning” where parents met and discussed issues and the children played alongside in the same room. A research assistant was available to play with and tend to basic needs of the children. Measures at pre-, post-treatment, and at follow-up targeted child behaviour problems, how much of a problem these were for the parents, parents’ sense of competence, parental attributions, and what was useful for parents in the programme. Results indicated that at post-treatment parents were able to address and maintain balance in their parent-child relationship and this reflected multiple dimensions of a dialectical understanding that had not been evident prior to the intervention. There was an increased mindfulness of both parent and child’s needs with a strong emphasis on an increased understanding of the child as an individual in their own right. Parents reported an increased recognition of the importance of dealing with emotions, with improved skills to be able to do this, an increased understanding of accommodating development, and an appreciation of needing to address parental attributions. In addition, there was a decrease in parent-reported intensity of child behaviour problems and how problematic these were for the parents, which were corroborated with parental verbal reports of improved child behaviour. Mechanisms of change that were identified included changes in parental attributions, parents being able to share with other parents, accessing “expert” knowledge from the programme facilitator, and gaining parental strategies. Implications for practice were discussed with suggestions for behavioural parent training programmes. In conclusion, limitations of the research and directions for future research were indicated.
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Dodsworth, Caroline. "How can midlife nurses be supported to deliver bedside care in the acute clinical services until retirement? : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy (Nursing), Massey University, Turitea, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/902.
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As the baby boomer generation move inexorably towards retirement and the requirement for health care services increases, the supply of nurses available to provide care at the patient bedside is forecast to fall significantly short of demand. This thesis has explored the perspectives of midlife nurses, asking what it would take to keep them in bedside practice until retirement. These nurses have provided insights which offer employers of valuable senior nurses, suggestions for maximising their potential. Through the use of questionnaires and focus groups nurses aged 45 years and over were asked what the employer can do to ensure that they are able to continue to work at the patient bedside until they reach the age of retirement. The results of this research demonstrate a workforce of nurses who are passionate and committed to their profession, but feeling disillusioned and disempowered. The nursing environment has changed over the span of their career and they find the increased workload, together with increasing professional demands, too hard to cope with. They feel they have no control over their workload, their shift patterns, or the expectations of their patients and colleagues. They want their experience to be recognized but they do not want to have to prove competency; they want to have a voice but they are unwilling to pursue postgraduate education to learn how to become visible and emancipated.
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Andrae, Daniela. ""Diabetes? I can live with it" : a qualitative evaluation of a diabetes self-management programme : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1199.
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Self-management programmes provide one form of education for people with diabetes. Evaluations of these programmes allow for a better understanding in regard to their impact and whether outcomes are met. Very little research has used qualitative methods to capture participants’ experiences of these programmes and their perception of psychological outcomes. This is the first qualitative evaluation of the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Programme in Whangarei. It has adopted an interpretative-phenomenological approach to explore participants’ experiences of the programme and participants’ perceptions in regard to their self-efficacy and quality of life after attending a course. A sample of 7 participants with diabetes provided data via interviews 4 weeks and 3 months after attending the course. The themes that emerged from the initial interview were separated into three evaluation components. In “6 weeks sounded very long but it was worth the time”, participants discussed enrolment, benefits of the course and suggestions for future participants. In “I know what I need to do and I’m confident to do it”, participants linked the gained knowledge from the course to improvements in their self-efficacy regarding self-management behaviours, education and control of own life. In “Life is good, diabetes is just another thing to handle”, participants reflected on the impact of living with diabetes and changes to their life. An overarching theme of settling into a comfortable routine emerged from the follow-up interview. Participants reflected positively on their course and research participation. The programme was perceived to be beneficial to participants, impacting positively on increasing knowledge, self-efficacy development, behaviour changes and quality of life. The participants maintained these benefits in the short-term. These results are discussed in terms of the need for further research to evaluate if benefits are maintained in the long-term, referral process to the programme, decision-making process in regard to enrolment and impact of a support person attending the programme. Practice implications for the programme are discussed in regard to incorporating a follow-up phone call to participants after they attended a course and offering follow-up sessions with the latest information on diabetes care.
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Rifshana, Fathimath. "Outcome evaluation of the Massey University Concussion Clinic: a pilot study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1165.
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The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention provided by Massey University Concussion Clinic for individuals following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI). Concussion Clinics were set up across New Zealand to provide early intervention and assessment for individuals with MTBI to prevent long term complaints. Treatment outcomes at these clinics have not been empirically examined before. The current study compared the levels of post concussion symptoms, anxiety, depression, and psychosocial functioning between an intervention and a control group using a quasi-experimental design. In addition, reasons for nonattendance to the clinic, and participants’ perceptions of their recovery were also explored. The main outcome measures used were the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale-2. Outcomes were initially assessed soon after injury or referral to the clinic and then three months later. Participants were recruited from the Palmerston North Hospital Emergency Department and the Massey University Concussion Clinic. With 20 participants in the intervention group and 15 in the control group, the main results showed that the Concussion Clinic intervention significantly decreased the level of anxiety and depression reported by participants in the intervention group over the control group. Greater improvements in post concussion symptoms and psychosocial functioning were also indicated in the intervention group. Additional findings suggest difficulty with transportation as a reason for nonattendance, which could be a potential barrier to recovery. Furthermore, participants highlighted the benefits of attending the service and its role in their recovery. Important issues relating to the referral processes were also identified. Findings of the current study suggest that the Concussion Clinic intervention is effective in improving recovery for those accessing the service. Nevertheless, these results must be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Further research is warranted to examine the effectiveness of the Concussion Clinics with larger samples, and the current study may serve as a valuable pilot for these future investigations.
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Moxon, Alicia M. "The effectiveness of a brief psychoeducational intervention for people with schizophrenia and their families : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1143.
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In an attempt to replicate and extend previous research, the present study conducted a brief psychoeducational intervention through community organisations designed to overcome methodological shortcomings of past studies. The two session intervention (one session with follow-up phone call) sought to establish if a brief community intervention was effective in both improving family members’ knowledge about schizophrenia and various other indicators linked to improved client functioning. People with schizophrenia and their family members (N = 50) were recruited into a controlled trial of a brief educational intervention. Clients and their corresponding key family members were randomly allocated to a treatment group or a wait-list control group. Measures included those reflecting knowledge about schizophrenia, expressed emotion, perceived coping ability, burden of care and distress. Analyses showed that knowledge increased significantly after the intervention and not after the control condition and was maintained at a nine-month follow-up. Family members’ and clients’ expressed emotion ratings significantly decreased from pre- to post-test with changes in total expressed emotion scores improving across treatment by over twice the magnitude compared to the control condition. All gains were maintained at the nine-month follow-up, with continuing improvement seen in family members’ intrusiveness ratings. A similar pattern of findings was reflected on other indices, with significant improvements in burden of care, coping and distress that were more a function of intervention than the control condition. All gains were maintained at the nine-month follow-up. Additionally, assessment of relapse rates at this follow-up interval indicated that no client had relapsed. Overall the results suggested that although knowledge increased as a result of education, the improvements in all indicators other than knowledge appeared to be due to education combined with some non-specific factors. These non-specific factors may have included expectancy effects, setting effects, sampling bias and other possibilities. These issues are considered in terms of implementation of brief programs in supportive community settings and in terms of future research.
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Mount, Graham J., and Graham J. Atlas of glass-ionomer cements :. a. clinicians guide Mount. "Clinical research into glass ionomer cements : a collection of published papers submitted for the degree of Dcotor of Dental Science / Graham J. Mount." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38180.
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Pt. 23: An atlas of glass-ionomer cements, bound separately, and called volume 2Includes bibliographies and an index in volume 2
2 v. (various pagings ; [viii], 128 p.) :
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Summary: Papers listed strictly in chronological order of of publication on glass ionomer cements. Their significance lies largely in the interpretation of the scientific facts and the translation of those facts to the successful clinical application of the material in the oral cavity
Thesis (D. D. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1992
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Mount, Graham J. "Clinical research into glass ionomer cements : a collection of published papers submitted for the degree of Doctor of Dental Science / Graham J. Mount." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38180.
Full textAbstract:
Pt. 23: An atlas of glass-ionomer cements, bound separately, and called volume 2Includes bibliographies and an index in volume 2
2 v. (various pagings ; [viii], 128 p.) :
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Summary: Papers listed strictly in chronological order of of publication on glass ionomer cements. Their significance lies largely in the interpretation of the scientific facts and the translation of those facts to the successful clinical application of the material in the oral cavity
Thesis (D. D. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1992
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Madgeskind, Sharon Mary. "Motivation for change in the discipline of children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1333.
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Since becoming the first English speaking country to legislate against the physical discipline of children in 2007, there has been much debate in New Zealand for and against the parental practice of smacking. For some it has meant a welcome amendment to legislation that protects the human rights of children, for others it raises fears that parents can be criminalised for smacking their children and that the rights of parents to discipline their child, as they see fit, are being eroded. Working for an organisation that fully supports the Amendment to Section 59 of the Crimes Act, 1961 and that promotes the human rights of children; the motivating factors that encourage a parent to stop the practice of physically disciplining their child became of interest to the researcher for this thesis. Ten participants, who had used physical discipline and who had made a decision to stop the practice, were recruited to take part in a qualitative study. The data collected was analysed through a thematic analysis process using five motivational contexts found in previous research on the topic. The five contexts were experiential, relational, biographical, regulatory and ideological (Davis, 1999). The findings of the research for this thesis concur with the previous research and add further information about the motivating factors. The findings also identify the strategies that parents have found useful to achieve success in their endeavour to change their disciplinary practice. Furthermore the importance of and the distinction between the human rights of the child and parental rights have been highlighted.
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Eyre, Janet Mary. "Communication in clinical practice: critical success factors for ESL students : a thesis completed in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Massey University, Palmerston North." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1661.
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This study investigates the factors most likely to support effective communication in clinical placements for ESL nursing students in New Zealand. The experiences of ESL students as they complete a clinical placement are examined and compared with data from the students‟ clinical lecturers and preceptors. Data for the study was collected through interviews with individual students before, during and after their Transition to Practice placement. Interviews were also held with two of the students‟ preceptors, and a focus group was held with clinical lecturers who had experience of working with ESL students. Results from the study underline the importance of facilitating students‟ entry to the placement community of practice, and access to its interactions. A number of factors supported or inhibited students‟ participation and learning within the placement community. The study identified two critical factors intrinsic to the student, and two extrinsic to the student. Intrinsic factors included the student‟s proficiency with English language: in particular, the sophisticated sociopragmatic language skills used by nurses in their daily interactions. The student‟s use of learning strategies, including the proactive approach best suited to learning on placement, was also critical. Extrinsic factors likely to support the student‟s integration within the community of practice were the quality of the preceptor, in terms of attitude to and training for the preceptoring role, and the tone of the placement environment. The major outcomes of this study point to the importance of providing direct instruction for ESL students in the kinds of language and learning styles required for placement. There are also implications for the selection and training of preceptors and for the placing of students in appropriate clinical environments. The study concludes with suggestions for a specific communication programme for ESL students.
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Jourdain, Rebekah Leigh. ""Psychological fallout" : the effects of nuclear radiation exposure : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology at Massey University." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1425.
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Appendices were not supplied with the digital version of the thesis but are available in the print version.The present research includes two studies. Study I was based on the research finding that exposure to nuclear radiation and other toxic chemicals results in those who were exposed not only believing their health to be affected, but experiencing significant and chronic stress. It was hypothesised that ongoing stress for New Zealand’s nuclear test veterans resulting from the inability to adapt to their past nuclear exposure would result in them experiencing greater depressive symptomatology, poorer perceived health, and poorer perceived memory performance than a control group. Psychological profiles of 50 nuclear test veterans and 50 age-matched Control participants were obtained through postal survey and face-to-face interview, using the Geriatric Depression Scale, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, and the Memory Assessment Clinics Self-Rating Scale. As predicted, the nuclear veterans exhibited more depressive symptoms, and perceived their health and memory performance to be poorer than the Control group. A stress theory framework is applied to help conceptualise the experience of the nuclear veterans, and to provide an explanation for their lower scores and consequent poorer functioning. Through the pathway of poor perceived health leading to anxiety, health anxiety was considered a form of chronic stress the nuclear veterans were experiencing. Consequently, Study II aimed to examine whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could be usefully applied to relieve this anxiety. Most psychotherapeutic approaches have been developed for problems that have an "irrational" or "pathological" foundation. However, these approaches often fit poorly with psychological distress that stems from cognitions that are reality-based and may need to be accepted rather than changed, such as in the case of nuclear exposure-related health anxiety. ACT may be particularly useful in these situations in which cognitive change is not warranted. Study II examined the use of ACT with 5 NZ nuclear test veterans (of either Māori or Pākehā descent) experiencing moderate to high levels of health anxiety. Results of self-report measures administered at baseline, during treatment, post-treatment, and at 6-week follow-up indicated varying results amongst these men. One participant showed clinically significant post-treatment reductions in health anxiety, experiential avoidance, and general psychological distress that were maintained at follow-up. Two participants showed clinically significant post- vi treatment reductions in health anxiety, experiential avoidance, and distress, despite not engaging in therapy as they did not wish to make changes. For the same reason, a fourth participant chose not to engage in therapy, despite high baseline scores on all measures, and showed no improvement during or after therapy. The fifth participant had low baseline scores on all measures, maintaining these throughout therapy, and at follow-up. Results are explained in terms of cohort and gender effects, with suggestions for adapting ACT with NZ older adults, particularly males. Implications for the utility of ACT with toxic exposure populations, older adults, and various cultures are discussed.
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Savaiinaea, Chelsea Makere. "Challenges in communication : a critical analysis of a student music therapist's techniques in working with special needs children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Music Therapy at the New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1135.
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This paper describes the processes under taken by a student music therapist to improve her clinical practice and enhance the quality of service provided to children with profound and multiple disabilities. Using an Action Research model it aims to show how rigorous investigation of one's own practice can improve understanding of the clients and enhance students' abilities and confidence when carrying out placement work. An interview process with three registered music therapists preceded a 12 week action research process. Three cycles were undertaken with each lasting 4 weeks and the interview material informed the initial cycle. Clinical notes, a research journal and video recordings of sessions were three data gathering tools used to evaluate the success of techniques employed. This intensive critical analysis led to a greater awareness of in session communications and an improvement in techniques such as active waiting and repetition of activities. This in turn created increased opportunities for response to musical offerings by this client group.
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Love, Catherine Maarie Amohia. "Maori voices in the construction of indigenous models of counselling theory and practice : a thesis completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1682.
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Irregular pagination: Page numbers 572 to 582 & 755 missing, 754 is not numberedThis thesis explores the stories of four Maori counsellors who are employed in Western style organisations. Two 'readings' of participants' narratives are provided. The 'readings' are constructed from two distinct discursive frames, identified as ENGLISH-Maori and MAORI-English. It is proposed that participants' conceptions of self and other are constructed through narratives based in a MAORI-English discursive frame, and that their models of counselling are developed within this discursive frame. It is further proposed that meanings made within this discursive frame are not readily available to 'others' whose constructions of self and other are based in an ENGLISH-Maori or Western discursive frame. This mismatch leads to misunderstandings which impact negatively on the credibility and status of Maori counsellors and Maori models of counselling when viewed from the perspective of Western models of counselling theory, practice and organisation. It is also posited in this thesis that a form of 'sub-textual' communication exists within which Maori meanings are made and conveyed in the English language
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Wilson, William Robert. "New Zealand's experiment with prudential regulation : can disclosure discipline moderate excessive risk taking in New Zealand deposit taking institutions? : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Albany." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1222.
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The New Zealand economy in the period up to 2006 provides an opportunity to assess an alternative disclosure based approach to the prudential regulation of deposittakers, in a market free of many of the distortions which arise from traditional regulatory schemes. The overall objective of this research has been to assess the effectiveness of the prudential regulation of New Zealand financial institutions and judge if the country is well served by it. Analysis of New Zealand’s registered bank sector suggests public disclosure adds value to New Zealand’s financial system. However, the significant relationship found between disclosure risk indicators and bank risk premiums was not as a result of market discipline, rather it is argued self-discipline was the mechanism, demonstrating bank management and directors are discharging their duties in a prudent manner. A feature of the New Zealand disclosure regime for banks is the significant responsibilities placed on bank directors; directors are then held accountable for their actions. Findings in the management of banks were in contrast to non-bank deposittakers, where disclosure was judged to be ineffective, and of no practical use due to its poor quality. The management of non-bank deposit-takers appeared to receive very little oversight from depositors, their trustees or official agencies. As a result, many appear to have managed their institution in their own interests, with little consideration given to other stakeholders. Failures which occurred in NBDTs from 2006 resulted from deficiencies in the prudential regulation of these deposit-takers, demonstrating the severity of asymmetric information and moral hazard problems which can arise if prudential regulation is not correctly designed and management interests are not aligned with other stakeholders. The New Zealand disclosure regime will never guarantee a bank will not fail, nor should it try to do so, but it should assist the functioning of a sound and efficient financial system. To this end, it is recommended that the Reserve Bank, in re-designing the regulatory framework for NBDTs, hold the management and directors of NBDTs similarly accountable, while also incorporating regular disclosure and minimum prudential standards. Governments have an important role to play in ensuring the financial system is efficient.
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Chen, Juan. "A cultural approach to understanding and working with Chinese migrants in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1650.
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When people migrate to a new country, they experience changes in many areas of life. Migrants are faced with the challenges of making sense of as well as dealing with these changes in life. This research is interested in understanding the experiences of Chinese migrants in New Zealand as well as exploring how to conduct 'psychological intervention‘ work with recent Chinese migrants to deal with the challenges associated with migration. This research consists of two parts. The first part is concerned with developing a better understanding of the way Chinese migrants make sense of their experiences after migrating to New Zealand. In this part, focus groups were held and a discursive approach was used to analyze participants' accounts. Findings from this part show that negotiating meanings for "migration" and "fitting in" is the central process for Chinese migrants to make sense of their migratory experiences in New Zealand. In this meaning-making process, Chinese cultural meanings provide useful discursive resources for Chinese migrants to draw upon to better understand their experiences of migrating from China to New Zealand. Chinese sayings, such as "fish or bear‘s paw", "loss are accompanied by gain", "life is about negotiating loss and gain", are used by Chinese migrants in ways that allow them more flexibility in constructing their experiences in New Zealand. More importantly, adopting a dialectical sense-making embedded in traditional Chinese cultural knowledge is helpful for participants to transfer their discursive constructions from negative to positive aspects of their migration experiences. The second part of this research involves exploration and application of a culturally appropriate 'psychological intervention‘ with recent Chinese migrants in transition from living in China to living in New Zealand. This part draws upon the findings from the first part of the research. In the second part, two groups of participants were invited to attend a three-session group intervention. Useful discursive constructions around flexible meanings of "migration" and "fitting in" found in the first part of the research were introduced to participants. A discursive analytical approach was used to observe how participants take up these introduced meanings and to examine the discursive changes throughout the three group sessions. The second part of the research illustrates that participants took up the introduced meanings of "migration" and "fitting in" as a flexible process, and use these to further co-construct helpful meanings to negotiate their 'problematic‘ experiences. In all, this research articulates the importance of cultural meanings and cultural ways of making sense of migratory experiences by Chinese migrants. It also shows the importance of building a shared experience, making use of Chinese cultural meanings, and taking a social constructionist approach in psychological intervention work with Chinese migrants. The implications of this research are discussed in terms of further research on migrants' experiences and how to conduct 'psychological interventions' with Chinese migrants.
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Cleland, Anne. "Carbon dioxide insufflation during colonoscopy : a randomised controlled trial : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Philosophy (Nursing) at Massey University." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1240.
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Aim To determine that carbon dioxide (CO2), instead of air, insufflated during colonoscopy reduces pain experienced by patients post colonoscopy. Method A randomised, double blinded, controlled trial with 205 consecutive consented patients referred for elective colonoscopy was undertaken at MidCentral Health Gastroenterology Department between July 2008 and January 2009. Patients were randomised to colonic insufflation with either air or CO2. A comparison of reported pain was undertaken using a 0 -10 point numeric rating scale at several time periods; intra procedure, 10, 30, and 60 minutes post procedure. Results The results were analysed using the SPSS programme. CO2 insufflation was used in 108 patients and air in 97 patients. Pain scores 10 minutes after were 0.43 ± 1.20 for CO2 and 1.61 ± 2.40 for air (P < .0001). 30 minutes after the procedure 90% of patients in the CO2 group reported no pain, compared to 61% of the air group. CO2 significantly reduced the amount of discomfort post colonoscopy at 10, 30 and 60 minutes. Conclusion Those receiving CO2 during colonoscopy experienced less post colonoscopy pain than those who received air insufflation. Carbon dioxide should be considered as the insufflating gas during colonoscopy.
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Niland, Patricia Ruth. "Metaphors of menopause in medicine : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1338.
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Medical textbooks have previously represented women’s bodies and menopause life transitions by using notions of ‘machine productivity’ and ‘machine breakdown’ (Martin, 1987). This study aimed to explore whether these representations have changed, especially given recent HRT clinical trial results. Eight relevant compulsory medical textbooks for first and second year medical students at two New Zealand Universities were identified. A Foucauldian discourse analysis (Parker, 1990) was undertaken on relevant content to identify representations of menopause, HRT, women’s bodies, and ageing. Five major discourses were employed in the textbooks in descriptions of menopause and HRT: failure, estrogen deficiency as disease; HRT as saviour; obscurity and the new discovery discourse. Menopause continues to be represented as resulting from a ‘failure’ of a machine-like body. Although the recent HRT clinical trials were reported as a serious risk factor in half of the textbooks, HRT was also represented as a saviour particularly against postmenopausal osteoporosis. The discovery of ‘new’ drugs to ‘treat’ HRT and the ‘postmenopausal’ patient were heralded with much excitement. Medical textbooks continue to use failure discourses to describe women’s bodies at menopause. New risk-based HRT assessments for ‘patients’ with menopause ‘symptoms’ are promoted. These portrayals reinforce linear and reductionist ways of thinking about menopause and women at midlife and provide few spaces for resistance or alternative constructions to more accurately reflect women’s embodied worlds.
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Malur, Malini. "Experiencing natural environments, experiencing health : a health psychology perspective : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Health Psychology, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1655.
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This aim of this study was to explore the importance of natural surroundings to human health from a health psychology perspective. The increase in built environments have replaced green spaces in the urban areas and the effects of this has been explored by several disciplines ranging from environmental psychology, leisure studies, urban planning, public health to name a few. Findings from these studies have shown that natural environments do play a significant role in human health. However, it was deemed that exploring the influence of nature on human health from a health psychology viewpoint would provide a different dimension to this established link between nature and humans to press for preserving and providing more green spaces in the cities. Urban green areas offer several benefits such as space for exercise, leisure, psychological space for rejuvenating, healing and social connections that are all crucial for our wellbeing. This study explores the many ways natural settings contribute to health and well-being from a health psychology angle. A qualitative design was employed using a phenomenological approach to understand the everyday experience of being in nature/natural environments. Cornwall Park/One Tree Hill in Auckland was chosen as the site for this study. Nine women and men between the ages of 30 and 70 were chosen from this site to take part in the study. Methods of data collection were mainly in-depth interviews and photo-discussion. The data was analysed using a phenomenological approach based on the guidelines developed by Moustakas (1994) and van Manen (1990). The findings revealed that natural surroundings influenced people positively in many ways that contributed to their physical, mental and spiritual well-being. Natural environments satisfied a wide-range of needs, such as providing a place/space to exercise, to be alone and reflect, connect with nature, recreate, heal and socialise to name a few, in green, quiet, pollution-free, aesthetically pleasing settings. The essence of the phenomenon that is estimated to have been captured in the study is, “human experience in nature from the point of view of health psychology, or human experience of wellness, being in nature”.
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Ayanegui, Alcérreca María Alejandra. "Epidemiology and control of leptospirosis in farmed deer in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Veterinary Clinical Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1470.
Full textAbstract:
Missing pages 93, 264 & 313 from electronic and Vault (preservation) copy.Leptospirosis has been reported in farmed deer in New Zealand since 1980 but knowledge was limited. Studies presented in this thesis investigated the epidemiology and distribution of infection associated with serovars Hardjobovis, Pomona, and Copenhageni in farmed deer, efficacy of a vaccine and the influence of maternally derived antibody, and aspects of exposure of humans to leptospirosis. Serology, bacteriology, and pathology were employed as determinants of infection and vaccine efficacy. A serological survey of 2016 deer from 110 herds confirmed leptospirosis throughout New Zealand with 61.3% of herds infected with Hardjobovis and 3.6% with Pomona alone, 16.4% with dual infections with those serovars, and none with Copenhageni, giving an overall herd prevalence of 81.3%. Epidemiological studies involved serological analysis of samples from a serum bank involving weaner, yearling and adult deer (n=10/group) from 15 farms sampled 3-monthly for 21 months, and intensive blood and urine sampling of young deer on three farms over 1-2 production cycles (n=15-65/group). Infection with Hardjobovis followed an age-related endemic cycle with some animals infected by 3-4 months of age and seroconversion peaking at up to 57% at 12-15 months and mild kidney lesions typical of a host-adapted organism. Infection with Pomona followed an epidemic pattern with seroprevalence of up to 100%, more severe kidney lesions, clinical signs and evidence of reduced growth and reproduction, typical of an accidental host relationship. Leptospira were observed in 30.4% of urine samples and 37.0% of kidneys. Vaccination with "Leptavoid 3" (Schering-Plough Animal Health Ltd) was studied on one non-infected, one Hardjobovis infected, and two dual Hardjobovis/Pomona infected herds. Vaccination produced sustained titres in uninfected young and adult deer, and no maternally derived antibody interference was observed in progeny vaccinated at approximately 3-4 months of age. In infected herds, vaccination enhanced seroprevalence and antibody titres, and reduced urine shedding by 44% and culture from urine and kidneys by 37% in the face of continued natural challenge. Analysis of previous data combined with pooled data from the above studies, indicated that 73.0% of lines and 29.0% of individual deer at slaughterhouses had kidney lesions indicative of leptospirosis with a relative risk (RR) of 1.08 and 1.6 for the relationship between seropositivity to Hardjobovis and Pomona, respectively. The overall RR between positive serology, lesion and culture was 2.1. The kidney culture rate ranged from 2.5-33% between herds demonstrating significant risk of exposure to humans, particularly slaughterhouse workers. This study has provided an understanding of the epidemiology in farmed deer and control options available to the industry.
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Vroman, Kerryellen Griffith. "Low back pain : a personal projects analysis : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1745.
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Low back pain is characterised by loss of ability to carry out everyday tasks, the disruption of life plans, and psychological distress as well as pain. This study examined the adaptation of individuals with low back pain. In a departure from established models used to study and understand illness representation and adjustment, this study used a personal projects approach to examine the relationship between individuals' appraisals of projects and their functional adaptation to low back pain in the context of their day-to-day goal-directed activities. A functional personal project system was proposed; specifically, those individuals whose project dispositions were highly concordant and socially oriented would have better function and health. For people dealing with low back pain, it was expected that these dispositions, and personal competency, would enhance adaptation. Conversely, poor adaptive abilities, such as difficulties with physical function, social function, and poorer health, would be associated condition-specific perceptions of pain and negative appraisals of project stress[.] The results showed there was a relationship between personal project dispositions and functional ability, well-being, and perceived general health of individuals with low back pain. The results did not confirm that a functional project system possessed adaptive benefits. However, the appraisal of pain as salient to the progress and success of projects and stressfulness of personal projects were predictive of limited function and poorer health. Notably, all aspects of function, both social and physical, were associated with pain-salience cognition. Furthermore, pain salience cognition was still predictive of function after traditional predictors of low back pain disability, pain severity or pain-related fear, were included in the analysis. The significance of the relationship of pain and negative appraisals of the effect of pain on performance supports functional self-efficacy and pain-related fears models used to explain disability level in individuals with low back pain. Since this personal projects analysis was an integrated assessment of individuals' dispositions in the context of participants' everyday lives, it was concluded that pain salience and stressfulness of projects outweighed any advantages offered by their other dispositions in negotiating the participant's personal projects.
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Paddison, Charlotte Anna Mary. "Type 2 diabetes : understanding the self-regulatory experience : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1557.
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This research investigates type 2 diabetes using a psychological approach grounded in self-regulatory theory. Diabetes mellitus is usually described as a long-term illness with serious physical consequences, and biomedical perspectives predominate in published diabetes research. Findings from the present study add to accumulating knowledge about diabetes by addressing an identifiable gap in the literature, namely, an understanding of the psychological processes involved in managing type 2 diabetes. The common sense model (CSM) of illness self-regulation was used as the conceptual framework for this study. The research sample (N = 1145) was identified from a medical database. A mailed questionnaire survey was used to obtain psychological and self-report data, and this was subsequently merged with clinical data from a review of the medical database. A response rate of 55% provided a total of 629 completed questionnaires. The age, gender, and cultural composition of the sample were a close match with those reported for the New Zealand type 2 diabetes population. Research findings contribute to self-regulatory theory by testing key relationships specified in the CSM. The identification of a relationship cluster connecting emotional illness responses with cyclical symptoms, serious consequences, strong illness identity, and low coherence, highlights an emotional pathway in diabetes self-regulation. Observed relationships support the interaction between cognition and affect proposed in the CSM. Results show significant relationships between treatment perceptions and diabetes self-management, and draw attention to the importance of family relationships in explaining diet and exercise patterns. Perceived consequences of diabetes play a pertinent role in explaining variance in quality of life, and diabetes-related distress. The CSM postulates coping responses mediate between representations and illness outcomes; current findings, showing that medication use mediates the relationship between treatment representations and HbA1c, support the predicted mediating relationship. It is concluded the common sense model provides a useful theoretical framework for research investigating self-care and wellbeing among people with type 2 diabetes. Potential implications for psychological theory and clinical practice are discussed, and three areas - examining the roles of appraisal, emotion, and culture in illness management - are identified as priority targets for further research and conceptual development.
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Bennett, Simon Te Manihi. "Te huanga o te ao Maori : Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Maori clients with depression : development and evaluation of a culturally adapted treatment programme : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1159.
Full textAbstract:
A manualised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme was culturally adapted for use with adult Maori clients with depression who were receiving treatment from Te Whare Marie, a Maori Mental Health service that covers the greater Wellington region. The manual was developed in consultation with local and international literature pertaining to CBT with minority groups and the recommendations of an advisory team. The treatment programme integrated significant Maori concepts with the traditional strategies associated with CBT. The intervention was trialled with 16 Maori clients from Te Whare Marie with a primary diagnosis of depression. Case study and group analysis indicated that the adapted intervention was effective in reducing depressive symptomatology and negative cognition, and increasing general wellbeing in four culturally relevant dimensions. Differences between pre- and post- treatment scores were statistically significant in each of these areas. The intervention did not have a significant impact on the construct of cultural identity. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the treatment, and in general the adaptations were positively received. Treatment was characterised by particularly low dropout rates with 15 of the 16 participants attending seven or more sessions. These results were discussed with reference to their implications for effective delivery of clinical service delivery to Maori consumers of mental health services in New Zealand.