Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Clinical Research'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Clinical Research"
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Arheden, Håkan. "Clinical physiology: a successful academic and clinical discipline is threatened in Sweden." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2009.
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Clinical physiologists in Sweden are physicians (the majority with a PhD degree) with thorough training in system physiology and pathophysiology. They investigate patients in a functional approach and are engaged in basic and applied physiology teaching and research. In 1954, clinical physiology was founded as an independent academic and clinical discipline by the Swedish government to ensure “contact between routine clinical work and the scientific progression.” Up until 2008, clinical physiology was an independent clinical discipline but was then made a subdiscipline to radiology, a fundamentally different discipline. Individuals wishing to become clinical physiologists are required to be trained and certified as European radiologists, after which training and certification as clinical physiologists may be pursued. This means that radiologists without training in clinical physiology have become gatekeepers for future clinical physiologists. Unfortunately, this development takes place at a time when research and education in preclinical integrative physiology have diminished in favor of other organizational levels, such as cellular and molecular biology. The responsibilities for education and research in integrative human physiology have therefore mainly been transferred to clinical physiologists. Clinical physiology has been a successful independent clinical discipline in Sweden for the past 55 years and could serve as a model for other countries. Unless clinical physiologists regain control over their own discipline, systems physiology as a knowledge base and resource for patient care, education, and research will be severely impaired.
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Haslam, N., and D. Lusher. "The structure of mental health research: networks of influence among psychiatry and clinical psychology journals." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 12 (June 1, 2011): 2661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000821.
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BackgroundPsychiatry and clinical psychology are the two dominant disciplines in mental health research, but the structure of scientific influence and information flow within and between them has never been mapped.MethodCitations among 96 of the highest impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals were examined, based on 10 052 articles published in 2008. Network analysis explored patterns of influence between journal clusters.ResultsPsychiatry journals tended to have greater influence than clinical psychology journals, and their influence was asymmetrical: clinical psychology journals cited psychiatry journals at a much higher rate than the reverse. Eight journal clusters were found, most dominated by a single discipline. Their citation network revealed an influential central cluster of ‘core psychiatry’ journals that had close affinities with a ‘psychopharmacology’ cluster. A group of ‘core clinical psychology’ journals was linked to a ‘behavior therapy’ cluster but both were subordinate to psychiatry journals. Clinical psychology journals were less integrated than psychiatry journals, and ‘health psychology/behavioral medicine’ and ‘neuropsychology’ clusters were relatively peripheral to the network.ConclusionsScientific publication in the mental health field is largely organized along disciplinary lines, and is to some degree hierarchical, with clinical psychology journals tending to be structurally subordinate to psychiatry journals.
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Rodriguez, C., S. Suominen, K. Van Landuyt, J. Farhadi, M. Hamdi, E. Santamaria, F. Kolb, et al. "The new paradigm on microsurgical education: the international master degree on reconstructive microsurgery." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 24, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/1814-1471/76/10.
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Microsurgery (MS) is a discipline addressed by many specialties and it is our interest to be able to carry out a pedagogical assessment of the Master Degree in Reconstructive Microsurgery (MRM) as a training program in MS.The MRM is a hybrid, blended program (virtual and face-to-face), developed in 12 modules, over a 2-year duration, which completes 2625 hours. This program is directed by recognized professors in the discipline from different parts of the World and enrolls 35 students per edition.The program reserves 35% of the places for students from emerging countries. Once each of the modules has been received and the exams passed, the students will undergo a period of clinical immersion in the reference centers around the world and after defending the research project they will be able to receive the distinction of the Master granted by the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB).There have been 11 editions of MRM since 2009 without interruption, with an enrollment of 400 students, 83% received the MRM degree. 65% work as Microsurgeons. 60% were Men and 40%, Women. 32% have become MS leaders in each region.We consider that the MRM is a solid, reproducible and adaptable program that guarantees each one of the pedagogical aspects. The program is unique and brings together all the qualities so that students have the necessary tools and thus make a safe start in MS.
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Zozus, Meredith N., Angel Lazarov, Leigh R. Smith, Tim E. Breen, Susan L. Krikorian, Patrick S. Zbyszewski, Shelly K. Knoll, et al. "Analysis of professional competencies for the clinical research data management profession: implications for training and professional certification." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, no. 4 (February 16, 2017): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw179.
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Abstract Objective: To assess and refine competencies for the clinical research data management profession. Materials and Methods: Based on prior work developing and maintaining a practice standard and professional certification exam, a survey was administered to a captive group of clinical research data managers to assess professional competencies, types of data managed, types of studies supported, and necessary foundational knowledge. Results: Respondents confirmed a set of 91 professional competencies. As expected, differences were seen in job tasks between early- to mid-career and mid- to late-career practitioners. Respondents indicated growing variability in types of studies for which they managed data and types of data managed. Discussion: Respondents adapted favorably to the separate articulation of professional competencies vs foundational knowledge. The increases in the types of data managed and variety of research settings in which data are managed indicate a need for formal education in principles and methods that can be applied to different research contexts (ie, formal degree programs supporting the profession), and stronger links with the informatics scientific discipline, clinical research informatics in particular. Conclusion: The results document the scope of the profession and will serve as a foundation for the next revision of the Certified Clinical Data ManagerTM exam. A clear articulation of professional competencies and necessary foundational knowledge could inform the content of graduate degree programs or tracks in areas such as clinical research informatics that will develop the current and future clinical research data management workforce.
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Schutte, Debra L., Ann Marie McCarthy, Milena Floria-Santos, Kirsten Hanrahan, Jeffrey C. Murray, and Charmaine Kleiber. "Integrating Molecular Genetics Analyses Into Clinical Research." Biological Research For Nursing 8, no. 1 (July 2006): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800406289909.
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The integration of molecular genetics approaches into the study of complex health phenomena is an increasingly important and available strategy for researchers across the health science disciplines. Pain sensation and response to painful stimuli are examples of complex health phenomena that are particularly amenable to molecular genetics approaches. Both human and animal model research suggests that differences in these responses may be related, in part, to variation in the genes that modulate sensation and behavior. The authors are currently managing a large cross-disciplinary research effort to identify child characteristics, including genotypes, that predict the degree of distress displayed by children following a painful medical procedure (i.e., IV insertion). The purpose of this article is to describe the strategies used to integrate molecular genetics methods into this project. The authors discuss the steps needed to complete this process, including (a) establishing a collaboration with genetics researchers and laboratory facilities, (b) developing and implementing a plan to manage biologic samples, and (c) incorporating genetics into the informed consent process.
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Ferrari, Andrea, David Thomas, Anna R. K. Franklin, Brandon M. Hayes-Lattin, Maurizio Mascarin, Winette van der Graaf, and Karen H. Albritton. "Starting an Adolescent and Young Adult Program: Some Success Stories and Some Obstacles to Overcome." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 32 (November 10, 2010): 4850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.8097.
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Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients seem to be in a sort of no-man's land, halfway between the two different worlds of pediatric and adult medical oncology and bearing the brunt, in terms of inclusion in clinical trials and quality of professional care, of the lack of integration between these two worlds. This article discusses the different organization models of care used in pediatric oncology (mainly family-focused) and in adult medical oncology (disease-focused). There is a growing awareness that these models are not ideally suited to the complex needs of AYA patients, which require a different, new, patient-focused multidisciplinary approach. A comprehensive, multipronged effort is required to bridge the gap in the care of AYA patients, with the ultimate challenge of creating a new discipline, AYA oncology. In this article, we review the experiences of AYA oncology programs in Europe, North America, and Australia, focusing on similarities and differences in strategy, as well as the major challenges and opportunities faced by these programs. Among the most important factors for the successful establishment of an AYA oncology service are the degree of engagement of both pediatric and adult medical oncologists, the philanthropic support of powerful charities, and the role of dedicated professionals across a range of disciplines in driving the development of services for AYA patients.
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Sirigatti, Saulo, and Silvia Casale. "Psicologia della salute e psicologia clinica: oppure psicologia clinica della salute." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 3 (March 2009): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2008-003005.
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- Clinical health psychology is a specialty widely recognized because of its evidence based practice, its contribution to an integrated health care system, and the costeffectiveness of its services. The specialty of clinical health psychology applies scientific bio-psycho-social knowledge to the promotion and maintenance of health, to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of illness and disability, and to promotion of the health care system. The distinct focus of clinical health psychology is on physical health problems, as delineated by ICD-10. In this article the authors review its definition, provide a brief overview of practice in the specialty, address the training in clinical health psychology. The greater degree of focused science and practice in a specialty is the consequence of advances of the discipline and profession of psychology. In every case, the future holds a variety of important challenges and opportunity in research, practice, training and policy. Key words: clinical health psychology, bio-psycho-social model, clinical psychology, health psychology, education and training, specialization.
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MacLeod, Colin. "Cognition in Clinical Psychology: Measures, Methods or Models?" Behaviour Change 10, no. 3 (September 1993): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005519.
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This paper critically examines the recent impact of cognitivism upon the field of clinical psychology, and concludes that certain criteria of scientific adequacy have been compromised. The argument is developed that the introduction of information processing constructs to theoretical models of psychopathology has made a potentially valuable contribution to the discipline; but that the acceptance of mental events as dependent measures has severely undermined the scientific credibility of experimental attempts to evaluate such models. It is proposed that future progress will require the adoption of a particular methodological constraint. Specifically, it is suggested that cognitive explanations of psychopathology can only be tested adequately by evaluating the validity of the behavioural predictions that they generate. Using examples of recent research that has investigated the cognitive characteristics of vulnerability to anxiety and depression, an attempt is made to demonstrate that adherence to this proposed constraint not only is possible, but actually provides a far greater degree of understanding than could be attained through the use of alternative methodologies. It is postulated that the future scientific status of clinical psychology may depend upon our collective response to the issues that are raised in this paper.
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LeFebvre, Ron, David Peterson, and Mitchell Haas. "Evidence-Based Practice and Chiropractic Care." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 18, no. 1 (September 3, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587212458435.
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Evidence-based practice has had a growing impact on chiropractic education and the delivery of chiropractic care. For evidence-based practice to penetrate and transform a profession, the penetration must occur at 2 levels. One level is the degree to which individual practitioners possess the willingness and basic skills to search and assess the literature. Chiropractic education received a significant boost in this realm in 2005 when the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine awarded 4 chiropractic institutions R25 education grants to strengthen their research/evidence-based practice curricula. The second level relates to whether the therapeutic interventions commonly employed by a particular health care discipline are supported by clinical research. A growing body of randomized controlled trials provides evidence of the effectiveness and safety of manual therapies.
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Wang, Henry, Michael W. A. Chu, and Luc Dubois. "Variability in research productivity among Canadian surgical specialties." Canadian Journal of Surgery 64, no. 1 (February 2021): E76—E83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.016319.
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Background: Academic productivity, as measured by number and impact of publications, is central to the career advancement and promotion of academic surgeons. We compared research productivity metrics among specialties and sought factors associated with increased productivity. Methods: Academic surgeons were identified through departmental webpages and their scholarly metrics were collected through Scopus in a standardized fashion. We collected total number of documents, h-index, and average number of publications per year in the preceding 5 years. We explored whether presence of a training program, graduate degree, academic rank and size of the clinical group affected productivity metrics. Linear regression was used for multivariable analysis. Results: We collected data on 2172 surgeons from 15 separate academic centres across Canada. Wide variability existed in metrics among specialties, with cardiac and neurosurgery being the most productive, and vascular surgery and plastic surgery being the least productive. The average number of publications was 71, and the average h-index was 18.7. The average h-index for cardiac surgery was 25.7 compared with 8.3 for vascular surgery (p < 0.001). Our multivariable model identified academic rank, surgical specialty, graduate degree, presence of a training program, and larger clinical group as being associated with increased academic productivity. Conclusion: There is variability in research productivity among Canadian surgical specialties. Cardiac surgery and neurosurgery are productive, whereas vascular surgery and plastic surgery are less productive than other surgical disciplines. Obtaining a research-oriented graduate degree, being part of a larger clinical group, and presence of a training program were all associated with higher productivity, even after adjusting for academic rank and specialty.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Clinical Research"
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Perez, Aquino Pedro L. "A Content Analysis of Ethnic Minorities in the Professional Discipline of Clinical Psychology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7585.
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A more diverse population in the United States calls for the inclusion of REC minority populations in research to improve treatment and clinician cultural awareness. A content analysis is proposed to analyze the inclusion level of REC minority groups in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Five questions are explored to organize and present the findings of the content analysis. Results demonstrate the low level of inclusion of REC minority groups as well as congruence between most studied topics and each REC minority group in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. These results should encourage researchers and clinicians to push for more inclusion of REC minority groups in research to accommodate the increasingly diverse population of the United States. This study should be used as evidence that demonstrates the low level of inclusion of REC minorities among research and clinical treatment. Additionally, this study should demonstrate the importance of REC inclusion among both research and treatment.
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Salgueiro, Ana Cláudia Marques. "Curricular training in coordination of clinical trials in a clinical research unit." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14285.
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Mestrado em Medicina FarmacêuticaThis report describes several activities and projects developed in the context of a curricular training in a clinical research unit, Centro de Investigação Clínica (CIC), led by Professor Joaquim Ferreira. The CIC is one of the research groups of Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM) and it is also a group of the Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML) consortium. The principal area of training was the coordination of clinical trials and observational studies. Additionally, other research activities were conducted during the training such as, pharmacovigilance, monitoring, data entry, medical writing and some language coordination activities in a European observational study about Huntington’s Disease founded by European Huntington’s Disease Network (EHDN). It is mention on the State of the Art the Research & Development Process of a new drug and it is characterised some issues about clinical research in Portugal, including advantages in the establishment and organisation of clinical networks. During the training, with the duration of 10 months (that started on 1st September 2013 and finished on 1st July 2014) I deepened my knowledge in clinical research area, understand the importance of the clinical research units, the importance and the role of the study coordinators and expand my areas of interest. The specific training focused in neurological clinical. I had opportunity to understand the practical and logistical difficulties that a research unit faces during the conduction of clinical studies I consider that this training was a valuable experience of introduction of the practice of clinical research. I finished this training with the motivation and interest in working in the area of coordination and monitoring of studies.
Este relatório descreve as actividades e projectos desenvolvidos no âmbito de estágio curricular numa unidade de investigação clínica, o Centro de Investigação Clínica (CIC), liderada pelo Professor Doutor Joaquim Ferreira. O CIC faz parte dos grupos de investigação do Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM) inserindo-se na iniciativa do consórcio Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML). A principal área de estágio foi a coordenação de ensaios clínicos e estudos observacionais. Adicionalmente foram abordadas outras actividades durante o estágio, tais como farmacovigilância, monitorização, preenchimento de bases de dados, escrita científica e algumas actividades de coordenação a nível nacional de estudo observacional europeu sobre a doença de Huntington financiado por European Huntington’s Disease Network (EHDN). Refere-se no estado da arte o Processo de Investigação e Desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos e caracteriza-se alguns aspectos da investigação clínica em Portugal incluindo vantagens na organização de redes clínicas de investigação. Ao longo do estágio, com 10 meses de duração (início a 1 Setembro de 2013 e fim a 1 de Julho de 2014) aprofundei o conhecimento na área de investigação clínica, percebi a importância de unidades de investigação clínica, a importância e papel de coordenadores clínicos e expandi as minhas áreas de interesse. O treino específico centrou-se em estudos clínicos na área da neurologia, nomeadamente ensaios de clínicos de fase II e III, e estudos observacionais. Tive ainda oportunidade de compreender a realidade prática e logística da condução de estudos clínicos num centro de investigação. Considero que este estágio foi uma experiência valiosa de introdução á prática de investigação clínica. Desta forma, termino o estágio com motivação e interesse em trabalhar na área de coordenação ou monitorização de estudos.
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Scadding, Emily. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760907.
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Shilling, Hannah. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760932.
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Patel, Priya. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760889.
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Rapley, Hannah. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760921.
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Critical Review of the Literature Objective: Whilst the evidence base for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with children and young people is growing, the mechanisms through which these beneficial effects occur is still unclear. This systematic review seeks to appraise the relationship between therapeutic outcomes in CBT and therapist adherence and competence, within the child and adolescent literature. Method: A systematic review was carried out, with seven studies identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: The literature is currently small and inconclusive. Amongst the studies reviewed there were inconsistent findings, with minimal-to-no effect sizes found between adherence, competence, and outcomes. Conclusions: The current paucity of research in this area means that conclusions are currently limited. The role and impact of adherence and competence on therapeutic outcomes remains unclear within individual CBT in a child population. This is comparable with the current adult literature, where findings also remain inconclusive. Further research avenues are discussed. Keywords: CBT, adherence, competence, children, young peoplePublic health significance: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy has a growing evidence base for children. However, it is still unclear which mechanisms enable these beneficial effects. How well a therapist adheres to the model, and the competence with which they deliver the therapy, are two possible variables that may contribute to the outcome of therapy. This article reviews the state of the current literature. Service Improvement ProjectFabricated or induced illness by another is rare and poorly understood. Whilst some of the difficulties recognising and managing it have been addressed in literature and guidelines, to date there has been no published consideration of fabrication within the context of chronic fatigue syndrome, which itself is often poorly understood and recognised. This study seeks to understand staff’s experience and knowledge of fabricated or induced illness within a paediatric chronic fatigue setting. Whilst challenges in line with other health conditions are identified, additional challenges are also highlighted that may be unique to working within a chronic fatigue setting. Discussion of these and future improvements are considered. Keywords: fabricated illness, chronic fatigue syndrome, paediatrics Main Research ProjectObjective: This novel study sought to examine the prevalence of online self-harm activity amongst those who self-harm and how this impacts on self-harming practices and related distress. Method: A small innovative experimental study (N=3) sought to look at real-time effects of viewing self-harm material online. A cross-sectional study of young adults (N=126) compared differences between those who view self-harm material online and those who do not. The impact of appraisal of online content was explored in both studies. Results: 48% of the sample reported currently viewing self-harm material online, with an additional 23% reporting having previously viewed such material. Stronger desire to self-harm and greater psychological distress was found amongst those who view self-harm material online. Due to the small sample size in the experimental study causational inferences about the role of viewing self-harm material online cannot be made. Conclusions: Findings suggest that viewing self-harm material online is common amongst those who self-harm and that those who view self-harm material online may have stronger urges to self-harm and greater psychological distress than those who do not view such material online, thus indicating a higher risk group.
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Cowles, Megan. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760929.
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Whittle, Charlotte. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760924.
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Fiddick, Lucy. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760904.
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Cordey, Julia. "Research portfolio submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760909.
Full textBooks on the topic "Degree Discipline: Clinical Research"
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Mishenin, Sergey. Information and analytical work. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987953.
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In the textbook the basic concepts concerning the organization and technology of information work of the student-historian are considered. It includes four sections: the first determines the place of the course's problems in the process of historical knowledge; the second tracks the principal features of facts, sources and research, which can potentially be the sphere of historical research; the third introduces the reader to the principles, conceptual apparatus, laws, methods and judgments as means of knowledge.; the fourth introduces the experience of constructing the text of the study, which sums up a certain result of the work done and allows you to " translate the process of learning a new state of relative knowledge."
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for undergraduate students studying the discipline "Information and analytical work". It can be useful to persons preparing for admission to the master's degree in the areas of training "History" and "International relations", as well as all those interested in working with documents and other media.
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Akmalova, Al'fiya. Actual problems of municipal law in Russia. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/906258.
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The actual problems of municipal law in Russia are considered taking into account the peculiarities of master's degree training at the university, which provides for both the presence of a system of students with certain knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, including the main institutions of municipal law, and their significant focus on research work. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the main amendments and additions to the current legislation on local self-government, discussions that accompany the improvement of legislation and law enforcement practice. The electronic educational and methodological appendix to the textbook includes an approximate work program and educational and methodological materials for independent work on the study of the discipline, as well as lectures and presentations.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the field of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education and teachers, all those who are interested in the problems of the development of municipal law, the theory of local self-government and the practice of state and municipal management.
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Voigt-Zimmermann, Susanne, ed. Miteinander sprechen – verantwortlich, kompetent, reflektiert. Frank & Timme, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26530//20.500.12657/49674.
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Speech science has a history of over 120 years. In addition to the self-image of the discipline, this book focuses on everything that makes the subject so attractive: With its vital research and teaching subject, speaking and people talking to each other, it is both application-oriented and up-to-date. This explains the continuing high level of interest among students, research partners, and practical professional fields in education, art, media, counseling, therapy, and prevention. With study locations in Halle, Jena and Marburg, Speech Science is represented throughout Germany. As an interdisciplinary research and working subject with links to linguistics, medicine, pedagogy, psychology, politics and sociology, among others, there are also diverse collaborations in research, teaching and practice. This volume offers surprising insights into the diversity of speech science – from its history to the present to an outlook on what will be possible in the future. Susanne Voigt-Zimmermann holds a degree in speech science. After scientific, speech-educational, and clinical-therapeutic activities at the universities of Jena, Heidelberg, and Magdeburg, she has been a professor of speech science at the Department of Speech Science and Phonetics at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg since 2017.
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Page, Piers, James Carr, William Eardley, David Chadwick, and Keith Porter. An Introduction to Clinical Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199570072.001.0001.
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This practical book is written specifically for junior doctors by a team of highly experienced authors, as an introductory guide to clinical research. It covers all areas that a junior doctor needs to consider, including funding, study design, ethics, data analysis, disseminating findings, and furthering one's research career. It presents a balance view of clinical research and is written by authors actively involved in clinical research both at the 'coal-face' and at a more supervisory level. Research can be a difficult process and it is essential to make sure that the project is set up in the correct way in order to get verifiable results. This easy-to-read guide is available to help junior doctors develop a good study design and present evidence of a sound academic practice, which will make obtaining funding more likely and be time-efficient. Getting started early in research and developing a solid, gradual understanding of clinical research through using this approachable book will be of huge benefit to junior doctors and their discipline.
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Minto, Gary, and J. Robert Sneyd. Research in anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0038.
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Clinicians need critical appraisal skills to weigh up the quality of the literature and to decide whether it has implications for their practice. Every belief in medicine is a construct created from the limited information available and carries a degree of uncertainty. A centralized approach to research identifies the highest priority areas of uncertainty so as to bring about the most improvement for the largest number of patients. This patient-centred model classifies studies into basic science, translational, and clinical research. Adequately powered mega-trials are required to bridge the translational gap between efficacy (does a treatment work?) and effectiveness (does a treatment work when applied in ordinary clinical practice?). There is a paucity of these in perioperative medicine.
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Howell, Simon J. Clinical trial designs in anaesthesia. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0030.
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A clinical trial is a research study that assigns people or groups to different interventions and compares the impact of these on health outcomes. This chapter examines the design and delivery of clinical trials in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine covering the issues outlined below. The features of a high-quality clinical trial include well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a control group, randomization, and blinding. Outcome measures may be broadly divided into counting the number of people who experience an outcome and taking measurements on people. The outcome measures selected for a clinical trial reflect the purpose of the study and may include ‘true’ clinical measures such as major postoperative complications or surrogate measures such as the results of a biochemical test. Outcome measures may be combined in a composite outcome. Assessment of health-related quality of life using a tool such as the SF-36 questionnaire is an important aspect of many clinical trials in its own right and also informs the economic analyses that may be embedded in a trial. Determining the number for recruits needed for a clinical trial requires both clinical and statistical insight and judgement. The analysis of a clinical trial requires a similarly sophisticated approach that takes into account the objectives of the study and balances the need for appropriate subgroup analyses with the risk of false-positive results. The safe and effective management of a clinical trial requires rigorous organizational discipline and an understanding of the ethical and regulatory structures that govern clinical research.
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Taylor, Joseph J., and Robert Ostroff. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Edited by Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari, and Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0024.
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This chapter will summarize what is considered to be the first randomized controlled trial to directly compare psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for unipolar nonpsychotic depression. More specifically, the authors were interested in the degree to which cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, imipramine and a placebo condition ameliorated symptoms of depression in patients from outpatient psychiatric clinics at three academic medical centers in the United States. The chapter will discuss the design and implementation of the study before focusing on the results and their implications. The last section of the chapter will list similar studies and present a hypothetical clinical case that requires the reader to apply basic concepts learned from the study.
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Mura, Anna, and Tony J. Prescott. A sketch of the education landscape in biomimetic and biohybrid systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0064.
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The Living Machines approach, which can be seen as an exemplar methodology for a wider initiative towards “convergent science,” implies and requires a transdisciplinary understanding that bridges from between science and engineering and to the social sciences, arts, and humanities. In addition, it emphasizes a mix of basic and applied approaches whilst also requiring an awareness of the societal context in which modern research and innovation activities are conducted. This chapter explores the education landscape for postgraduate programs related to the concept of Living Machines, highlighting some challenges that should be addressed and providing suggestions for future course development and policy making. The chapter also reviews some of the within-discipline and across-discipline programs that currently exist, particularly within Europe and the US, and outlines an exemplar degree program that could provide the multi-faceted training needed to pursue research and innovation in Living Machines.
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Rathbun, Brian Christopher. Trust in International Relations. Edited by Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.31.
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The importance of trust in international relations has recently become the subject of a vibrant new agenda of research. However, as this paper shows, trust has always implicitly been at the center of international relations theory. Realism, rationalism and constructivism conceive of trust differently, with enormous substantive implications. After establishing how different understandings about the type and degree of trust that prevail in international relations help structure core debates in the discipline, this paper then turns to showing the role that trust plays in diplomacy and multilateral cooperation. Trust seems necessary for the creation of large multilateral institutions in international relations as well as value-creating diplomacy that allows for win-win outcomes.
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Ramsay, Stephen. ’Patacomputing. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036415.003.0005.
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This chapter surveys some of the newer text-analytical tools—claiming them, unabashedly, as potential instruments of algorithmic criticism. It demonstrates that the degree to which the text-analysis systems WordHoard, Text Analysis Portal for Research (TAPoR), HyperPo, and MONK (Metadata Offer New Knowledge) show the way forward, they do so largely by embracing the contingencies that once threatened the discipline of rhetoric, but that, like rhetoric, may come to form the basis for new kinds of critical acts. In an age when the computer itself has gone from being a cold arbiter of numerical facts to being a platform for social networking and self-expression, one may well wonder whether those new kinds of critical acts are in fact already implicit in the many interfaces that seek only to facilitate thought, self-expression, and community.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Clinical Research"
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Smith, Daron, and Dan Wood. "Choosing a Degree." In Research in Clinical Practice, 19–24. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2873-1_3.
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Lunardini, Francesca, Claudia Casellato, Terence D. Sanger, and Alessandra Pedrocchi. "Synergy-Based Myocontrol of a Two Degree of Freedom Robotic Arm in Children with Dystonia." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II, 595–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_98.
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Andersen, O., U. Rosenhall, and B. Runmarker. "Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Clinical and ABR Data Indicates a Higher Degree of Dissemination of Lesions in a Progressive than in a Remitting Course." In Multiple Sclerosis Research in Europe, 95–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4143-4_13.
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Anderson, Peter, Levon Blue, Thu Pham, and Melanie Saward. "Undoing Commonly Held Beliefs About Indigenous HDR Students." In SpringerBriefs in Education, 91–103. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5178-7_7.
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AbstractThis chapter draws on our experience facilitating the National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN) capacity-building workshops. During these workshops, we continually heard what we refer to as “the three myths about what an Indigenous HDR student ought to be doing”. The three myths are that an Indigenous HDR student needs to be: (1) supervised by an Indigenous supervisor; (2) using Indigenous research methodologies; and (3) researching Indigenous issues. Following these workshops, we sought to understand the needs and experience of Indigenous higher degree by research (HDR) students and supervisors of Indigenous HDR students. Informing this chapter are group discussions, written responses and surveys conducted with Indigenous HDR students (n = 66) and supervisor of Indigenous HDR students (n = 33). In this chapter, we argue against these myths to demonstrate that discipline expertise and/or methodological expertise is the most important variable that determines how all HDR students are paired with supervisors. We also argue that it is harmful and racist to expect Indigenous HDR students to use a prescribed methodology that is race-based. And that, the assumption that Indigenous HDR students should be researching Indigenous matters rather than their own research interests is problematic.
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Chulitskaya, Tatsiana, Irmina Matonyte, Dangis Gudelis, and Serghei Sprincean. "From Scientific Communism to Political Science: The Development of the Profession in Selected Former Soviet European States." In Opportunities and Challenges for New and Peripheral Political Science Communities, 51–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79054-7_3.
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AbstractThe chapter explores the trajectories of the evolution of political science (PS) in four former Soviet Socialist Republics (Estonia and Lithuania, the Republics of Moldova and Belarus) after the USSR collapse. Departing from the premise that PS is appreciated as the science of democracy, the authors claim that its identity and autonomy are particularly important. Research shows that PS in these countries started from the same impoverished basis (“scientific communism”), but it soon took diverse trajectories and currently faces specific challenges. Democracy, pro-Western geopolitical settings and the shorter period of Sovietization contributed to the faster and more sustainable development of PS in two Baltic States. However, in Estonia, political developments have led to the retrenchment of PS and to downsize of universities’ departments and study programmes. In Lithuania, political scientists are very visible in the public sphere. In Moldova, its uncertain geopolitical orientation and a series of internal political conflicts have led to the weak identity of PS and questionable prospects for its further institutionalization. In authoritarian Belarus, PS as an academic discipline exists within a hostile political environment and under a hierarchical system of governance offering practically no degree of academic freedom.
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Serai, Suraj D., and Meng Yin. "MR Elastography of the Abdomen: Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 301–23. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_18.
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AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging imaging modality that maps the elastic properties of tissue such as the shear modulus. It allows for noninvasive assessment of stiffness, which is a surrogate for fibrosis. MRE has been shown to accurately distinguish absent or low stage fibrosis from high stage fibrosis, primarily in the liver. Like other elasticity imaging modalities, it follows the general steps of elastography: (1) apply a known cyclic mechanical vibration to the tissue; (2) measure the internal tissue displacements caused by the mechanical wave using magnetic resonance phase encoding method; and (3) infer the mechanical properties from the measured mechanical response (displacement), by generating a simplified displacement map. The generated map is called an elastogram.While the key interest of MRE has traditionally been in its application to liver, where in humans it is FDA approved and commercially available for clinical use to noninvasively assess degree of fibrosis, this is an area of active research and there are novel upcoming applications in brain, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, and so on. A detailed review of all the efforts is beyond the scope of this chapter, but a few specific examples are provided. Recent application of MRE for noninvasive evaluation of renal fibrosis has great potential for noninvasive assessment in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Development and applications of MRE in preclinical models is necessary primarily to validate the measurement against “gold-standard” invasive methods, to better understand physiology and pathophysiology, and to evaluate novel interventions. Application of MRE acquisitions in preclinical settings involves challenges in terms of available hardware, logistics, and data acquisition. This chapter will introduce the concepts of MRE and provide some illustrative applications.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by another separate chapter describing the experimental protocol and data analysis.
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Baker, Charlotte, and Rebecca J. Blankenship. "Minority College Students and Digital Agency." In Critical Essays on the New Moral Imperative for Supporting Marginalized Students in PK-20 Education, 103–35. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7787-4.ch006.
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As noted in the 2017 Horizon Report on Higher Education, it is no longer enough to simply graduate with a degree in a particular discipline; the Hart Research Associates Report also emphasizes the point that employers are requesting that colleges and universities place more emphasis on practical and real-world skills rather than focusing on competencies in broader disciplinary theories that may never be applied practically in the daily workplace setting. In this chapter, the authors look at two specific examples: preservice teacher training and the training of graduate students in epidemiology (STEM). The purpose of this qualitative analysis is to examine and compare the literature related to two primary concepts: (1) access to technology and digital literacy of minority college students and (2) minority serving institution (MSI) response to promoting digital literacy among faculty and students enrolled in clinically based programs.
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Wright, Aidan G. C., and Michael N. Hallquist. "Trends in the Evolving Discipline of Clinical Psychology." In The Cambridge Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology, 3–4. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316995808.002.
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Rao, N. Raghavendra. "Designing a Conceptual Virtual Medical Research Initiative in the Virtual Reality Environment." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 110–30. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8790-4.ch006.
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Many technologies tend to be applicable only in a specific industry or defined area of operation in business. The case of information and communication technology is different. The potential of information and communication technology in any sphere of activity in any discipline is more useful. Information and communication technology is a driving force in providing a good scope in making use of the various concepts in this discipline for designing models as per the requirements of a particular application. The concepts of cloud computing and virtual reality have proved to be significant particularly in the healthcare sector. This chapter gives an overview of the above concepts and related technology. Further, this chapter explains the case illustrations by adopting the above concepts for designing a virtual medical research initiative in the virtual reality environment.
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Burrington, Debra D., and Robin Throne. "Navigating the Doctoral Labyrinth." In Practice-Based and Practice-Led Research for Dissertation Development, 64–86. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6664-0.ch004.
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The journey through a practitioner doctorate program to earn the terminal degree has been likened to a labyrinth with its complex maze or a mountain climb with its inherent obstacles and challenges the doctoral scholar must surpass to be successful. Reflexive positionality is a concomitant process which can be used throughout the practitioner doctorate to facilitate the iterative and recursive journey of the scholar-practitioner. Reflexivity facilitates an introspective process to elevate professional practitioners to scholar-practitioners and incorporate a reflexive view to transcend doctoral hurdles, attain the terminal degree, and return to practice to solve societal problems and problems within the discipline. Practitioner doctorate leadership may also be well served to incorporate reflexivity in the pedagogical redesign of the practitioner doctorate to strengthen the development and preparation of these scholar-practitioners.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Clinical Research"
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Pokatilova, T. I. "Development of research activities of bachelor degree students in the process of mastering the discipline “Conducting”." In Культура, наука и искусство - современные векторы развития вуза культуры. Орел: Орловский государственный институт культуры, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53722/9785905436499_66.
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Pineda Galán, Consolación, María Rodríguez Bailó, Rita Romero Galisteo, Noa Lola Martiañez Ramírez, and Rocío Martín Valero. "STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION ABOUT EVALUATION OF CLINICAL PRACTICES DURING THE DEGREE IN PHYSIOTHERAPY: A RUBRIC IN COMPETENCIES AND TELE PHYSIOTHERAPY." In 13th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.0549.
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Martin-Venegas, Raquel, Carme Pelegrí, Margarida Castell, Joan Campo-Sabariz, Elisabet Augé, Trinitat Cambras, Isidoro Metón, Rut Ferrer, and Jordi Vilaplana. "EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF TRANSVERSE CLINICAL CASES TO THE SUBJECT OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY III OF THE PHARMACY DEGREE." In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.0748.
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Metón, Isidoro, Rosa Giménez, Marta Barenys, Jesús Gómez-Catalán, Raquel Martín-Venegas, Carme Pelegrí, Marta Alegret, David Pubill, and Miguel Rodamilans. "A TRANSVERSAL CLINICAL CASE ABOUT HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF TOBACCO SMOKING IN THE DEGREE OF PHARMACY IMPROVES KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND INTEGRATION CAPACITY." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.1246.
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Kuzlyakina, Valentina V., and Jury N. Slepenko. "Automation of Structuring and Research of Lever Mechanisms Kinematics." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34612.
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The procedure of lever mechanisms structuring being the basis of the majority of mechanical systems is complicated and labor-consuming. The generalized structural modules allow to automate and repeatedly to speed up process of lever mechanisms schemes creation and research of their kinematics in the specialized system “Visual Structure Editor (VSE)”. Ten types of generalized structural modules are offered, which allow to create schemes and to investigate kinematics of lever mechanisms of the second class of any degree of complexity. In this work structuring of various flat mechanisms schemes with any possible number of members based on only 5 types of generalized structural groups is presented. These are a rotating initial link, an onward moving link, a two-driver group with three rotary kinematics couples and two-driver groups with two rotary and one external forward kinematics couples of two types. VSE is broadly used in education process when performing the course designing on engineering discipline.
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Castell, Margarida, Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, Trinitat Cambras, Lluïsa Miró, Miquel Moretó, Anna Pérez-Bosque, Joana M. Planas, Isidoro Metón, and Àngels Franch. "THE “CLINICAL CASE” AS A TRANSVERSAL TOOL TO INTEGRATE CONTENTS IN THE UNIVERSITY DEGREE OF PHARMACY: APPLICATION IN A PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SUBJECT." In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.0752.
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Rodriguez, Noemi. "ADDRESSING A LABOR MARKET NEED FOR HEALTH MANAGERS AND POLICY PROFESSIONALS: DEVELOPMENT OF A NON-CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCE DEGREE PROGRAM FOR HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT." In 15th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2022.2165.
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Pérez-Cano, Francisco J., Trinitat Cambras, Margarida Castell, Ruth Ferrer, Àngels Franch, Raquel Martín-Venegas, Carme Pelegrí, Jordi Vilaplana, and Isidoro Metón. "THE CLINICAL CASE AS A TOOL TO INTEGRATE THE CONTENTS OF THE THREE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SUBJECTS OF THE PHARMACY DEGREE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.1252.
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Fielden, Kay, Vesna Zdravkovic, Sarojini Devi Kathiravelu, and Carol Yang. "Blended Learning for Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine." In 2021 ITP Research Symposium. Unitec ePress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/proc.2205002.
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The world is experiencing unprecedented times for education with the global pandemic. New ways of learning, even for practical skills like acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), need to be developed and implemented if skilled TCM practitioners are to enter this field of practice. Because TCM and acupuncture require many hours of clinical practice within an undergraduate degree, a completely online delivery mode is unsuitable. However, the theoretical components of the degree can be presented online. In this research project, data was gathered from an inclass survey about students’ perceptions of blended learning (BL), completed by all the students at a private tertiary institution delivering BL for acupuncture and TCM. Preliminary results suggest that these students display a high level of resilience in coping with uncertain delivery methods and are willing to adapt to whatever mode of delivery is available. Many students use multiple platforms, multiple devices and multiple ways of learning. The information will contribute to how TCM schools can improve their performance in educating TCM practitioners of the future, especially in the current uncertain times.
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4912.
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Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
Reports on the topic "Degree Discipline: Clinical Research"
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Bahns, Carolin, Bettina Scheffler, and Christian Kopkow. Guideline adherence in physiotherapy – protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0081.
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Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to summarise different approaches reported in studies to evaluate guideline adherence in physiotherapy care. Further, we aim to identify clinical and methodological factors that may explain the assumed heterogeneity of guideline adherence among physiotherapists. Condition being studied: Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements that summarise the current state of knowledge from research and practice. They are intended to support clinicians and patients to make decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances (2). Various studies show that evidence-based physiotherapy care can lead to improved patient outcomes (e.g. pain, function, quality of life) and at the same time contribute to a lower utilisation of medical services and a reduction in health care costs. The degree of agreement between medical or therapeutic care and the recommendations made in guidelines is often described in studies with the term "guideline adherence". However, the heterogeneous use of the term guideline adherence and the lack of a standardised research methods or operationalisation lead to limited comparability of the study results.
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Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
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Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
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Gershoni, Jonathan M., David E. Swayne, Tal Pupko, Shimon Perk, Alexander Panshin, Avishai Lublin, and Natalia Golander. Discovery and reconstitution of cross-reactive vaccine targets for H5 and H9 avian influenza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699854.bard.
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Research objectives: Identification of highly conserved B-cell epitopes common to either H5 or H9 subtypes of AI Reconstruction of conserved epitopes from (1) as recombinantimmunogens, and testing their suitability to be used as universal vaccine components by measuring their binding to Influenza vaccinated sera of birds Vaccination of chickens with reconstituted epitopes and evaluation of successful vaccination, clinical protection and viral replication Development of a platform to investigate the dynamics of immune response towards infection or an epitope based vaccine Estimate our ability to focus the immune response towards an epitope-based vaccine using the tool we have developed in (D) Summary: This study is a multi-disciplinary study of four-way collaboration; The SERPL, USDA, Kimron-Israel, and two groups at TAU with the purpose of evaluating the production and implementation of epitope based vaccines against avian influenza (AI). Systematic analysis of the influenza viral spike led to the production of a highly conserved epitope situated at the hinge of the HA antigen designated “cluster 300” (c300). This epitope consists of a total of 31 residues and was initially expressed as a fusion protein of the Protein 8 major protein of the bacteriophagefd. Two versions of the c300 were produced to correspond to the H5 and H9 antigens respectively as well as scrambled versions that were identical with regard to amino acid composition yet with varied linear sequence (these served as negative controls). The recombinantimmunogens were produced first as phage fusions and then subsequently as fusions with maltose binding protein (MBP) or glutathioneS-transferase (GST). The latter were used to immunize and boost chickens at SERPL and Kimron. Furthermore, vaccinated and control chickens were challenged with concordant influenza strains at Kimron and SEPRL. Polyclonal sera were obtained for further analyses at TAU and computational bioinformatics analyses in collaboration with Prof. Pupko. Moreover, the degree of protection afforded by the vaccination was determined. Unfortunately, no protection could be demonstrated. In parallel to the main theme of the study, the TAU team (Gershoni and Pupko) designed and developed a novel methodology for the systematic analysis of the antibody composition of polyclonal sera (Deep Panning) which is essential for the analyses of the humoral response towards vaccination and challenge. Deep Panning is currently being used to monitor the polyclonal sera derived from the vaccination studies conducted at the SEPRL and Kimron.