Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Biotechnology'

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the degree of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research based on the co-occurrences of subject categories using Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index. Design/methodology/approach Interdisciplinarity was measured utilizing the descriptive statistics of disciplines, network indicators showing relationships between disciplines and within individual disciplines, interdisciplinary communities, Stirling’s diversity index and specialization index, and a strategic diagram revealing the development status and trends of discipline communities. Findings Comprehensively considering all results, the degree of interdisciplinarity of Big Data research is increasing over time, particularly, after 2013. There is a high level of interdisciplinarity in Big Data research involving a large number of disciplines, but it is unbalanced in distribution. The interdisciplinary collaborations are not intensive on the whole; most disciplines are aggregated into a few distinct communities with computer science, business and economics, mathematics, and biotechnology and applied microbiology as the core. Four major discipline communities in Big Data research represent different directions with different development statuses and trends. Community 1, with computer science as the core, is the most mature and central to the whole interdisciplinary network. Accounting for all network indicators, computer science, engineering, business and economics, social sciences, and mathematics are the most important disciplines in Big Data research. Originality/value This study deepens our understanding of the degree and trend of interdisciplinary collaboration in Big Data research through a longitudinal study and quantitative measures based on two indexes. It has practical implications to study and reveal the interdisciplinary phenomenon and characteristics of related developments of a specific research area, or to conduct comparative studies between different research areas.

Living organisms and biological methods are widely used in recycling urban waste and improving the quality of the urban environment. Urban biology is a branch of biology that studies organisms living in cities. We propose using the new term "urban biotechnology". Urban biotechnology is the use of biotechnological methods to protect the urban environment and in urban energy. Urban biotechnology in the future may be included in the curriculum of the Master's degree programs "Biotechnology", "Ecology " (profile "Applied Ecology"), "Chemistry" (profile " ?hemistry of the urban environment "), and Chemical Engineering (profile "Chemical and Biochemical Engineering "). We consider it important to train specialists in the fields of urban biology and urban biotechnology. We hope that urban biotechnology and urban biology will become independent disciplines in the future.

Generally, in medical colleges and universities, discipline is assumed as one the challenging and predominant research domain both for staff and students. Therefore, in this paper, we have aimed to explore the discipline construction and development of medical colleges and universities in a complex environment. First, the contribution model of advantageous discipline construction to improve the core competitiveness of colleges and universities is implemented. Second, the staff involved in discipline construction in medical colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province are investigated. Finally, the structural equation model (SEM) is used to test the hypotheses and verify the basic elements of the construction of the core competitiveness of colleges and universities. The results show that discipline construction in colleges and universities includes the construction of advantageous characteristics, the construction of the academic echelon, the construction of scientific research, the construction of resource conditions, and the construction of talent training. The five elements interact and jointly affect the construction of advantageous disciplines in colleges and universities. And they have different effects on the university’s core competitiveness. Among them, the advantage trait construction has an implicit effect on the improvement of efficient management ability, and the influence of resource condition construction is indirect. The study provides a reference for the development of higher education. The successful experience of using discipline construction to improve the core competitiveness from function orientation and degrees and some corresponding suggestions, which were made, are achieved.

Трехуровневая система подготовки кадров по селекции, семеноводству и биотехнологии в ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева включает базовую и основательную подготовку выпускников бакалавриата к профессиональной деятельности в государственных и частных организациях селекционного профиля, а также к углубленному обучению в магистратуре и аспирантуре по научной специальности «Селекция, семеноводство и биотехнология». В университете по селекционному профилю одновременно обучаются 160–200 студентов бакалавриата по направлению «Селекция, генетика и биотехнология садовых культур», «Генетика и селекция сельскохозяйственных культур», 40–60 студентов магистратуры по программам «Технологии ускоренной селекции растений» и «Селекция и генетика растений» в рамках двух направлений «Садоводство» и «Агрономия». Четырехлетняя образовательная программа бакалавриата представлена общеобразовательными дисциплинами, читаемыми на 1–2 курсах, с 3 курса начинается блок специальных дисциплин, формирующих профессиональные компетенции селекционеров. Общий объем профильных дисциплин и практик (учебной и производственной) в составе образовательной программы бакалавриата (без учета смежных агрономических дисциплин) составляет 70 зачетных единиц, или 30% от всего объема образовательной программы. Теоретические знания и практические навыки, приобретаемые студентами бакалавриата, позволяют выпускникам уверенно представлять себя на рынке труда или продолжить углубленное обучение в магистратуре. Двухлетние магистерские программы включают преимущественно дисциплины, формирующие профессиональные компетенции выпускника, а научно-исследовательская работа в рамках производственной практики, занимающей 40 зач.ед., или 1/3 от общей трудоемкости образовательной программы магистратуры, позволяет магистрантам развивать свои профессиональные навыки в любой из интересующих его областей науки и практики, к примеру, в области молекулярной селекции, культуры клеток и тканей, генетической инженерии или традиционной селекции. В университете реализуется цикл дополнительных образовательных программ для повышения квалификации специалистов разного уровня в области селекции и семеноводства. Реализуют образовательные программы профессионалы-практики на развитой материально-технической базе университета, оснащенной современным оборудованием, и на базе ведущих партнерских Федеральных исследовательских центров. Educational programs in breeding, seed production and biotechnology in the FSBEI of Higher Education Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University includes basic training of bachelor's graduates for professional activities in public and private breeding organizations, as well as for in-depth training in master's and postgraduate studies in the «Breeding, seed production and biotechnology». At the university, 160–200 undergraduate students are studying at the specialization of «Breeding, genetics and biotechnology of horticultural crops», «Genetics and breeding of agricultural crops», 40–60 master's students in the programs «Technologies of accelerated plant breeding» and «Plants Breeding and genetics' within the framework of two directions «Horticulture» and «Agronomy». The four-year educational program of the bachelor's degree is represented by general educational disciplines taught in the 1st–2nd year, the block of special disciplines that form the professional competencies of breeders begins from the 3rd year. The total volume of specialized disciplines and practices (educational and industrial) as part of the undergraduate educational program, excluding related agronomic disciplines, is 70 credits or 30% of the entire volume of the educational program. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired by undergraduate students allow graduates to confidently represent themselves in the labor market or continue in-depth studies in the master's program. Two-year master's programs include mainly disciplines that form the professional competencies of the graduate, and research work within the framework of industrial practice, which occupies 40 credits or 1/3 of the total labor intensity of the educational program of the master's program, allows master students to develop their professional skills in any of the areas of science and practice that are of interest to them, for example, in the field of molecular breeding, cell and tissue culture, genetic engineering or traditional breeding and seed technologies. The university is implementing a cycle of additional educational programs to improve the skills of specialists of various levels in the field of breeding and seed production. The implementation of educational programs is carried out by professional practitioners using equipped with modern equipment facilities of University and Federal Research Centers.

The advent of technologies allowing the global analysis of biological phenomena, referred to as "omics" (genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, radiomics, and radiogenomics), has revolutionized the study of human diseases and traced the path for quantitative personalized medicine. The newly inaugurated Master of Science Program in Biomedical Omics of the University of Milan, Italy, aims at addressing the unmet need to create professionals with a broad understanding of omics disciplines. The course is structured over 2 years and admits students with a bachelor’s degree in biotechnology, biology, chemistry, or pharmaceutical sciences. All teaching activities are fully held in English. A total of nine students enrolled in the first academic year and attended the courses of radiomics, genomics and epigenomics, proteomics, and high-throughput screenings, and their feedback was evaluated by means of an online questionnaire. Faculty with different backgrounds were recruited according to the subject. Due to restrictions imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, laboratory activities were temporarily suspended, while lectures, journal clubs, and examinations were mainly held online. After the end of the first semester, despite the difficulties brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the course overall met the expectations of the students, specifically regarding teaching effectiveness, interpersonal interactions with the lecturers, and courses organization. Future efforts will be undertaken to better calibrate the overall workload of the course and to implement the most relevant suggestions from the students together with omics science evolution in order to guarantee state-of-the-art omics teaching and to prepare future omics specialists.

Chirality is an important feature of three-dimensional objects and a key concept in chemistry, biology and many other disciplines. However, it has been difficult to quantify, largely owing to computational complications. Here we present a general chirality measure, called the chiral invariant (CI), which is applicable to any three-dimensional object containing a large amount of data. The CI distinguishes the hand of the object and quantifies the degree of its handedness. It is invariant to the translation, rotation and scale of the object, and tolerant to a modest amount of noise in the experimental data. The invariant is expressed in terms of moments and can be computed in almost no time. Because of its universality and computational efficiency, the CI is suitable for a wide range of pattern-recognition problems. We demonstrate its applicability to molecular atomic models and their electron density maps. We show that the occurrence of the conformations of the macromolecular polypeptide backbone is related to the value of the CI of the constituting peptide fragments. We also illustrate how the CI can be used to assess the quality of a crystallographic electron density map.

Fibre topography of the extracellular matrix governs local mechanical properties and cellular behaviour including migration and gene expression. While quantifying properties of the fibrous network provides valuable data that could be used across a breadth of biomedical disciplines, most available techniques are limited to two dimensions and, therefore, do not fully capture the architecture of three-dimensional (3D) tissue. The currently available 3D techniques have limited accuracy and applicability and many are restricted to a specific imaging modality. To address this need, we developed a novel fibre analysis algorithm capable of determining fibre orientation, fibre diameter and fibre branching on a voxel-wise basis in image stacks with distinct fibre populations. The accuracy of the technique is demonstrated on computer-generated phantom image stacks spanning a range of features and complexities, as well as on two-photon microscopy image stacks of elastic fibres in bovine tendon and dermis. Additionally, we propose a measure of axial spherical variance which can be used to define the degree of fibre alignment in a distribution of 3D orientations. This method provides a useful tool to quantify orientation distributions and variance on image stacks with distinguishable fibres or fibre-like structures.

Abstract Vectorial structured light fields have displayed properties advantageous in many disciplines ranging from communications, microscopy and metrology to laser cutting and characterizing quantum channels. The generation of these fields has been made convenient through the implementation of nanophotonic metasurfaces amongst other static and digital techniques. Consequently, the detection and characterisation of these fields is of equal importance. Most existing techniques involve using separate polarization optics and correlation filters to perform the projective measurements – or are only able to perform such measurements on a subset of possible vector states. We present a compact, fully automated measurement technique based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), which facilitates the complete, local and global, characterisation of the spatial mode and polarization degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) for arbitrary vectorial fields. We demonstrate our approach through the identification of relevant hybrid-order Poincaré spheres, the reconstruction of state vectors on these spheres, as well as the recovery of the non-separability and states-of-polarization for a variety of vector beams.

<P>Background: Photoluminescent materials have been used for diverse applications in the fields of science and engineering, such as optical storage, biological labeling, noninvasive imaging, solid-state lasers, light-emitting diodes, theranostics/theragnostics, up-conversion lasers, solar cells, spectrum modifiers, photodynamic therapy remote controllers, optical waveguide amplifiers and temperature sensors. Nanosized luminescent materials could be ideal candidates in these applications. </P><P> Objective: This review is to present a brief overview of photoluminescent nanofibers obtained through electrospinning and their emission characteristics. </P><P> Methods: To prepare bulk-scale nanosized materials efficiently and cost-effectively, electrospinning is a widely used technique. By the electrospinning method, a sufficiently high direct-current voltage is applied to a polymer solution or melt; and at a certain critical point when the electrostatic force overcomes the surface tension, the droplet is stretched to form nanofibers. Polymer solutions or melts with a high degree of molecular cohesion due to intermolecular interactions are the feedstock. Subsequent calcination in air or specific gas may be required to remove the organic elements to obtain the desired composition. </P><P> Results: The luminescent nanofibers are classified based on the composition, structure, and synthesis material. The photoluminescent emission characteristics of the nanofibers reveal intriguing features such as polarized emission, energy transfer, fluorescent quenching, and sensing. An overview of the process, controlling parameters and techniques associated with electrospinning of organic, inorganic and composite nanofibers are discussed in detail. The scope and potential applications of these luminescent fibers also conversed. </P><P> Conclusion: The electrospinning process is a matured technique to produce nanofibers on a large scale. Organic nanofibers have exhibited superior fluorescent emissions for waveguides, LEDs and lasing devices, and inorganic nanofibers for high-end sensors, scintillators, and catalysts. Multifunctionalities can be achieved for photovoltaics, sensing, drug delivery, magnetism, catalysis, and so on. The potential of these nanofibers can be extended but not limited to smart clothing, tissue engineering, energy harvesting, energy storage, communication, safe data storage, etc. and it is anticipated that in the near future, luminescent nanofibers will find many more applications in diverse scientific disciplines.</P>