Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Biological Sciences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Biological Sciences"
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 16 (2021): 689–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4875.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background: Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. However, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology: Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution: This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort program for doctoral student outcomes. Findings: There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners: While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendation for Researchers: Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society: Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research: The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused support are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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Lercari, Diego. "Analysis of three decades of research in marine sciences in Uruguay through mapping of science and bibliometric indexes." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue1-fulltext-2584.
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Uruguay has recently expanded its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), having more aquatic sovereignty than terrestrial territories. In this country, various State institutions have carried out the study of marine science for several decades, but their academic development has not been analyzed. The formal evaluation of scientific research represents a crucial opportunity to define long-term policies requiring greater knowledge of the territory and its resources. In this context, this work carries out a systematic and quantitative review of Uruguay authors' international publications over three decades. The productivity indicators trend is evaluated concerning context variables, predominant research topics are identified, and collaboration networks are characterized. We collected and analyzed data on marine science articles in which an author or co-author is affiliated to an institution in Uruguay from 1990 to 2018 using the Scopus database. It was found that scientific activity measured by a bibliographic analysis showed an increase in the number of articles, authors, and research topics but nowadays show signs of stagnation. Moreover, specific indicators show a great degree of centralism (institutional and authorial), low dynamism, and decreased international collaboration. The largest academic capacities are focused in specific biological disciplines, with little physics and almost nil in geology and chemistry. Decentralization and strengthening sectorial funding for marine science will boost Uruguay's discipline for facing future challenges.
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Santana, Ana Júlia Soares, Maria Danielle Araújo Mota, Ana Paula Solino, and Raquel Crosara Maia Leite. "The Nature of Biology in Life Sciences Undergraduate Courses." Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática 13, no. 6 (December 4, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rencima.v13n6a03.
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The research deals with the relationship between the initial training of biology teachers and the Nature of Biology, aiming to analyze the Pedagogical Projects of two Undergraduate Courses in Biological Sciences of a university in northeastern Brazil in search of the Nature of Biology. The methodology adopted was qualitative with exploratory purpose based on documentary research, in which the menus of the disciplines of the chosen courses were analyzed, the data collected were processed through discursive textual analysis. The results obtained pointed to the presence of the Nature of Biology in the courses of degree in Biological Sciences in the specific disciplines of Biology and pedagogical.
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Cascajares, Mila, Alfredo Alcayde, Esther Salmerón-Manzano, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Transfer of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Research to Patents: The Case of EU-27." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020252.
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Agriculture as an economic activity and agronomy as a science must provide food for a constantly growing population. Research in this field is therefore becoming increasingly essential. Much of the research is carried out in academic institutions and then developed in the private sector. Patents do not have to be issued through scientific institutions. Patents from scientific institutions are intended to have a certain economic return on the investment made in research when the patent is transferred to industry. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Scopus and SciVal databases. This study analyses all the research carried out in the field of agronomy and related sciences (Agricultural and Biological Sciences category of Scopus database) by EU-27 countries, which has been cited in at least one international patent. The data show that out of about 1 million published works only about 28,000 have been used as a source of patents. This study highlights the main countries and institutions in terms of this transfer. Among these, Germany, France and Spain stand out in absolute terms, but considering the degree of specialization. Regarding their specialization the institution ranking is led by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (58%), AgroParisTech (52%), Wageningen University & Research (48%), and INRAE (38%). It also analyses which journals used for this transfer are most important. For these publications more than 90% of the articles have had a higher-than-expected citation level for the year of publication, the type of publication and the discipline in which they are categorized. The most-obtained research fields can be distinguished as those related to genetics or mo-lecular biology, those related to specific foods, such as cheeses, milk, breads or oils, and, thirdly, the group covering food-related constituents such as caseins, probiotics, glutens, or starch.
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Smith, Daniel W., and Nihar Biswas. "Environmental engineering education in Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (January 1, 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-078.
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Environmental engineering education has been an active option for engineers from all disciplines for nearly 50 years at the graduate level. Some graduate programs expanded to integrate students with undergraduate science degrees with the engineering programs, since the cross discipline interaction is required outside the academic programs. In the mid-1980s interest increased to such a level that undergraduate programs began to form. Several of these programs have been accredited in their various forms recognizing the diversity of the field and those presenting the programs. The progression from graduate-degree-based specializations to broad-based undergraduate programs reflects both the increased knowledge in the field and the increased demand for professional engineers capable of responding to public health and environmental protection issues. Graduate programs greatly expand fundamental knowledge of physical, chemical, and biological processes and their application to protection problems. Of course, the doctorate is dedicated to the development of significant new knowledge. This paper defines several of the basic components of the environmental engineering profession and the educational process needed to produce qualified environmental engineers.Key words: environmental engineering, education, courses, undergraduate environmental engineering, graduate environmental engineering.
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Martines, Elizabeth Antônia Leonel de Moraes. "PSICOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL NAS LICENCIATURAS: reflexões sobre (e para) reformulação curricular." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 3, no. 10 (January 24, 2018): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v3n11p07-34.
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EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE LICENCIATURES: reflections on (and for) curricular reformulationPSICOLOGÍA EDUCACIONAL EN LAS LICENCIATURAS: reflexiones sobre (y para) reformulación curricularEste trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a práxis formativa e de criação e reformulação curricular da disciplina de Psicologia da Educação na licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas em uma universidade amazônica, a Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR). O método utilizado se apoia na pesquisa narrativa e o trabalho consiste num ensaio em que se discute: o método de narrativa autobiográfica contextualizando o trabalho; a constituição do campo do currículo em sua relação com a construção da ciência psicológica; a interdisciplinaridade da Psicologia Educacional e sua inserção nas licenciaturas, especialmente na formação de professores da área de Ciências e Biologia, com uma síntese das principais correntes e teorias da Psicologia que podem contribuir para esta formação e se conclui com uma proposta de disciplina a partir da prática docente como formadora de professores de Ciências e Biologia em uma universidade amazônica.Palavras-chave: Psicologia da Educação; Narrativa Autobiográfica; Currículo; Formação de Professores.ABSTRACTThis work aims to analyze the formative praxis and curricular creation and reformulation of the discipline of Educational Psychology in the degree of Biological Sciences in an Amazonian university, the Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR). The method used is based on narrative research and the work consists of an essay in which the autobiographical narrative method is contextualized; the constitution of the field of curriculum in its relation with the construction of psychological science; the interdisciplinarity of Educational Psychology and its insertion in the degrees, especially in the training of teachers in the area of Sciences and Biology, with a synthesis of the main currents and theories of Psychology that can contribute to this formation and concludes with a proposal of discipline from the teaching practice as teacher trainer of Science and Biology at an Amazon university.Keywords: Psycology of Education; Autobiographical Narrative; Curriculum; Training Teachers.RESUMENEste trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la praxis formativa y de creación y reformulación curricular de la disciplina de Psicología de la Educación en la licenciatura de Ciencias Biológicas en una universidad amazónica, la Universidad Federal de Rondônia (UNIR). El método utilizado se apoya en la investigación narrativa y el trabajo consiste en un ensayo en que se discute: el método de narrativa autobiográfica contextualizando el trabajo; la constitución del campo del currículo en su relación con la construcción de la ciencia psicológica; la interdisciplinariedad de la Psicología Educativa y su inserción en las licenciaturas, especialmente en la formación de profesores del área de Ciencias y Biología, con una síntesis de las principales corrientes y teorías de la Psicología que pueden contribuir para esta formación y se concluye con una propuesta de disciplina a partir de la propuesta práctica docente como formadora de profesores de Ciencias y Biología en una universidad amazónica.Palabras clave: Psicología Educativa; Narrativa Autobiográfica; Currículo; Formación de Profesores.
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Drennan, Gillian R., Susan Benvenuti, and Mary Evans. "Addressing the gap between school and university in South Africa: exposing grade 11 learners to the integrated and applied nature of science and commerce using geoscience examples." Terrae Didatica 14, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 339–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/td.v14i3.8653535.
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Geoscience Education is not included in the School curriculum in South Africa as a stand-alone subject area. Some concepts are embedded in other subject areas such as Plate Tectonic Theory in Geography and Evolution in Life Sciences. Consequently, most students who do register for a BSc degree at South African Universities do not initially intend to study Geology. Minimum entry requirements for different disciplines in the Faculty of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) mean that most of the Geology I registrations are by students not qualifying for Mathematical or Physical Sciences. Biological Sciences can only accommodate a portion of these students so the remainder of the students end up in Geology because they wish to ob-tain a degree and are “forced to do Geology”. In an attempt to introduce future students to a broader view of Science, and in particular to Geoscience, Wits has started offering certified Short Courses at NQF Level 4 (National Qualification Framework school leaving certificate level). In 2016 Wits ran the Wits Integrated Experience in Science and in 2017, the Wits Integrated Experience in Science and Commerce, short courses. Learners were exposed to the integrated nature of various Science disci-plines and the integrated nature of Science and Commerce through enquiry based, problem solving learning opportunities. The target audience was Grade 11 learners as they have not yet applied to any university and have yet to make subject choices and degree choices. By participating in the short course they are exposed to a variety of disciplines and through investigating real problems, they are exposed to the interdisciplinary nature of these disciplines. In 2016 the learners solved a murder mystery and in 2017, they had to scenario plan for an impending meteorite impact just south of Johannesburg. This scenario planning helped learners to see the relationship between Science disciplines and between Science and Commerce. This is important as the initiative is designed to assist learners in actively choosing their Science and/or Commerce majors and to encourage learners to consider taking innovative major combinations that might cross traditional Faculty boundaries.
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Graves, Joseph L. "The Myth of the Genetically Sick African." Genealogy 6, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6010015.
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Western medicine has an unfortunate history where it has been applied to address the health of African Americans. At its origins, it was aligned with the objectives of colonialism and chattel slavery. The degree to which medical “science” concerned itself with persons of African descent was to keep them alive for sale on the auction block, or to keep them healthy as they toiled to generate wealth for their European owners. Medicine in early America relied upon both dead and live African bodies to test its ideas to benefit Europeans. As medicine moved from quackery to a discipline based in science, its understanding of human biological variation was flawed. This was not a problem confined to medicine alone, but to the biological sciences in general. Biology had no solid theoretical basis until after 1859. As medicine further developed in the 20th century, it never doubted the difference between Europeans and Africans, and also asserted the innate inferiority of the latter. The genomic revolution in the latter 20th century produced tools that were deployed in a biomedical culture still mired in “racial” medicine. This lack of theoretical perspective still misdirects research associated with health disparity. In contrast to this is evolutionary medicine, which relies on a sound unification of evolutionary (ultimate) and physiological, cellular, and molecular (proximate) mechanisms. Utilizing the perspectives of evolutionary medicine is a prerequisite for an effective intervention in health disparity and finally dispelling the myth of the genetically sick African.
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Wagner, PhD, BCE, ME, Vaughn E., and Elichia A. Venso, PhD. "Chemical and bioterrorism: An integrated emergency management approach at the undergraduate level." Journal of Emergency Management 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2004.0045.
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The accredited Environmental Health Science BS degree program at Salisbury University, a member institution of the University System of Maryland, has developed an integrated chemical and bioterrorism course for undergraduate students and emergency management professionals. The one-credit class meets once a week. Course design is adapted from the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) integrated approach to chemical and bioterrorist defensive training strategies. Course objectives are to gain knowledge of specific chemical and biological agents; become familiar with peacetime equivalents and surrogate agents; understand biomedical and environmental factors related to agent exposures; become familiar with integrated response strategies; and gain understanding of government policy issues, agency coordination, and field operations.Student input is based on specific discipline group response and participation in a simulated bioagent release. Discipline groups include public and emergency health, media, critical incident stress analysis, and conflict resolution. Student evaluations of the first course offered in the fall semester of 2002 indicated that the simulated release exercise gave each student an increased awareness of multiagency response necessary to mitigate bioterrorist-initiated events. Evaluation results also suggested the following modifications: include at least one community professional in each discipline group, extend the course to two credits, and schedule the class in late afternoon to accommodate working professionals.
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Córdova-Martínez, Alfredo, Alberto Caballero-García, Hugo J. Bello, Daniel Perez-Valdecantos, and Enrique Roche. "Effects of Eccentric vs. Concentric Sports on Blood Muscular Damage Markers in Male Professional Players." Biology 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030343.
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Background: Repetitive eccentric contractions can lead to higher degree of damage compared to repetitive concentric contractions. However, this type of exercise does not reproduce the real situations during the season in competitive sport disciplines. Methods: We analyzed the pattern of muscle damage blood markers in male professionals from three disciplines: cycling (n = 18), mainly concentric, vs. basketball (n = 12) and volleyball (n = 14), both mainly eccentric. Circulating muscle markers were analyzed in two moments of the regular season: after a 20-day training (no competition) period (T1) and after a 20-day period of high demanding competition (T2). Results: Blood levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin (muscle markers) increased in all groups at T2 compared to T1 as a result of competition intensity. The lower increases were noticed in cyclists at the end of both periods. Testosterone levels decreased at T2 compared to T1 in all disciplines, with lower levels found in cyclists. However, cortisol plasma levels decreased in basketball and volleyball players at T2, but increased significantly in cyclists, suggesting a limited adaptation to the effort. Conclusions: The pattern of circulating muscle markers is different depending of the demanding efforts (training vs. competition) of each particular discipline.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Degree Discipline: Biological Sciences"
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Kilaru, Aruna. "Reviving Plant Biology- a Fading Discipline in STEM Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7735.
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Pessoa, Terezinha Chagas Carneiro 1960. "Imaginario de estudantes de Biologia sobre as interações entre ciencia, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente no contexto de uma disciplina de Geologia." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286757.
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Orientador: Henrique Cesar da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pessoa_TerezinhaChagasCarneiro_M.pdf: 2792648 bytes, checksum: 651166e55a3d7727afe7bb5fb14d6236 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Nesse trabalho busquei compreender como estudantes de um curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade pública produzem sentidos sobre as interações entre ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente, tendo como uma das condições de produção uma disciplina de Geologia, e, além disso, quais sentidos são produzidos. Para esse estudo me apoiei em abordagens CTSA, e na Análise de Discurso (AD) da linha francesa. O imaginário, que inclusive intitula essa pesquisa, é entendido a partir da AD como aquilo que se crê ser real, crença materializada no e pelo discurso, aquilo com que o sujeito explica o que é o mundo e os papéis nele representados, sendo que isso se dá a partir de construções sociais, históricas, políticas, econômicas e culturais. Uma entrevista semi-estruturada foi elaborada, de tal forma que suas perguntas e imagens remetessem à disciplina e em particular ao trabalho de campo, ao mesmo tempo em que aspectos sobre ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente eram questionados. Em relação ao referencial CTSA, destaquei temas recorrentes na literatura, como formação para a cidadania, participação, tomada de decisão, e não neutralidade da ciência e dos cientistas, além do tópico "ser pesquisador, ser professor". As análises dos discursos dos estudantes indicam, entre outros aspectos, que eles acreditam que a participação da sociedade e a tomada de decisão em assuntos relacionados à ciência e tecnologia têm como condição necessária o domínio do conhecimento científico hegemônico. Os outros conhecimentos, silenciados pelo sentido de verdade exclusivo da ciência, acabam deixando de existir no imaginário dos que vivenciam a mesma cultura. A disciplina estudada gerou deslocamentos nos sentidos dos estudantes sobre ciência, sociedade e ambiente principalmente quando a questão do trabalho foi apresentada pelo professor como um fator constituinte do ambiente, trazendo assim o sentido do socioambiental, em contraste com a noção de ambiente como algo que se restringe a aspectos da fauna e da flora. Outro aspecto marcante dos discursos foi a constante construção de sentidos sobre ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente partindo-se de concepções biológicas.
Abstract: This work seeks to understand how Biology licentiate students of a Brazilian public university produced meanings about on the interactions between science, technology, society and the environment in the context of a Geology class, as well as which ideas were developed and in which terms field activities carried out might be considered approximations to a STSE Education approach. The study is based on the concept of a Science, Technology, Society and Environment Education (STSE) and in the French school of Discourse Analysis (DA). The "imaginary", which was included in the title of the study, is understood by DA as that which is believed to be real, a belief that materializes on and by means of a discourse or that with which an individual explains what the world is and how parts are played in it, all of which filtered by social, historical, political and economic constructs. In order for questions to relate to the class and specifically to fieldwork - while still queried about aspects regarding science, technology, society and the environment - students were subjected to a semi-structured interview. As to the STSE background, recurring topics on the theme's literature - such as citizen education, participation, decision-making and the non-neutrality of science and scientists (besides a topic entitled "being a researcher, being a teacher") - were pointed out. Discourse analysis on student speech indicate that they believe that citizen participation and decision-making in science- and technology-related matters are believed to be conditioned on mastering the hegemonic scientific knowledge. Other forms of knowledge are silenced by science's exclusive sense of truth and come to vanish from the imaginaries of those in the same culture. Also noteworthy were the ideas on science, technology, society and the environment based on biology. The geology class brought about changes in the students senses concerning science, society and the environment, especially when the teacher presented an issue for an assignment as a variable within the environment, thus generating a social-environmental perspective - in contrast with the notion of environment as restricted to animals and plants.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra
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Shepard, Pamela Ann. "The Use of Part-Time Faculty in Associate Degree Nursing, Social Science, and Biological Science Programs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332403/.
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This study surveyed the opinions of academic administrators of associate degree nursing programs, community college social science programs, and community
college biological science programs regarding major benefits and concerns associated with the employment of part-time faculty.
This study found that most part-time social science faculty teach in the classroom, half participate in non-teaching faculty activities, and most are paid a contract amount per course or credit hour. Part-time biological science faculty differed only in that most teach a combination of classroom and lab/practicum. Part-time nursing faculty differed in all three areas.
Most part-time nursing faculty teach in lab or practicum settings, most participate in more non-teaching activities than other part-time faculty, and most are paid an hourly wage. However, the benefits and concerns associated with the employment of part-time nursing faculty were not significantly different from those identified by academic administrators of the other programs with one exception. Academic administrators felt that part-time nursing faculty expose students to the latest technologies in specialty areas and part-time social science faculty do not.
The benefits cited by the respondents, that were in addition to the benefits most frequently cited in the literature, include increased interaction with the community and the ability to "try out" prospective full-time faculty. The concerns cited by respondents, that were in addition to the concerns most frequently cited in the literature, include the inability to find qualified part-time faculty to fill available positions and the concern that the employment of part-time faculty causes resentment among full-time faculty.
The results from this study indicate that the literature pertaining to the benefits and concerns associated with the employment of social science and biological science part-time faculty in community colleges can be used to develop policies regarding part-time faculty in associate degree nursing programs.
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McIntosh, Cecilia A. "Supporting Students’ Writing and Degree Completion: Boot Camps, Write-Ins and Writing Retreats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/370.
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Eaton, Carla Jane. "Investigation of signalling involved in maintaining the mutually beneficial association between Epichloe festucae and perennial ryegrass : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Genetics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1179.
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Content removed from thesis due to copyright restrictions: Eaton, C. J., I. Jourdain, et al. (2008). "Functional analysis of a fungal endophyte stress-activated MAP kinase." Current Genetics 53(3): 163-174. Scott, B. and C. J. Eaton (2008). "Role of reactive oxygen species in fungal cellular differentiations." Current Opinion in Microbiology 11(6): 488-493.In the mutually beneficial association between the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass, fungal growth is highly regulated and coordinated with that of the host. This implies there must be signalling between the fungus and its host to maintain this close association. Recent work has shown a novel role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this symbiotic maintenance, with multiple components of the superoxideproducing NADPH oxidase (Nox) complex being essential for normal association. However, the mechanism by which the Nox complex is regulated is unclear. To identify potential regulators of the E. festucae Nox complex, comparisons were made with well-characterised mammalian systems. This search identified three candidate regulators: a stress activated MAP kinase, sakA, and the p21-activated kinases, pakA and pakB. To investigate if these genes were involved in symbiotic maintenance, replacement mutants were generated by homologous recombination. In culture analysis revealed that the ?sakA mutant was hypersensitive to a range of stresses, whereas the pak mutants were hypersensitive to cell wall stress-inducing agents and displayed altered growth and morphology. Examination of perennial ryegrass infected with these mutants revealed drastically altered plant interaction phenotypes for the ?sakA and ?pakA mutants in comparison to the wild-type strain. ?sakA-infected plants were stunted and displayed striking changes in development, with the base of tillers showing loss of anthocyanin pigmentation and disorganisation of host cells below the meristem, resulting in swollen bases. Plants infected with the ?pakA mutant were severely stunted, had no more than two tillers and senesced soon after planting. In contrast, plants infected with the ?pakB mutant were similar to wild-type, with only slight deregulation of growth in planta. Examination of ROS in culture revealed that ?sakA and ?pakA displayed elevated levels of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. ROS levels were also elevated around ?sakA hyphae in planta. These results support roles for SakA and PakA in Nox regulation. This work highlights the fine balance between mutualism and antagonism, and provides insight into the molecular basis for mutualism.
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Schliep, Klaus Peter. "Some applications of statistical phylogenetics : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomathematics at Massey University." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/931.
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The increasing availability of molecular data means that phylogenetic studies nowadays often use datasets which combine a large number of loci for many different species. This leads to a trade-off. On the one hand more complex models are preferred to account for heterogeneity in evolutionary processes. On the other hand simple models that can answer biological questions of interest that are easy to interpret and can be computed in reasonable time are favoured. This thesis focuses on four cases of phylogenetic analysis which arise from this conflict. - It is shown that edge weight estimates can be non-identifiable if the data are simulated under a mixture model. Even if the underlying process is known the estimation and interpretation may be difficult due to the high variance of the parameters of interest. - Partition models are commonly used to account for heterogeneity in data sets. Novel methods are presented here which allow grouping of genes under similar evolutionary constraints. A data set, containing 14 genes of the chloroplast from 19 anciently diverged species is used to find groups of co-evolving genes. The prospects and limitations of such methods are discussed. - Penalised likelihood estimation is a useful tool for improving the performance of models and allowing for variable selection. A novel approach is presented that uses pairwise dissimilarities to visualise the data as a network. It is further shown how penalised likelihood can be used to decrease the variance of parameter estimates for mixture and partition models, allowing a more reliable analysis. Estimates for the variance and the expected number of parameters of penalised likelihood estimates are derived. - Tree shape statistics are used to describe speciation events in macroevolution. A new tree shape statistic is introduced and the biases of different cluster methods on tree shape statistics are discussed.
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Jankovic, Dragana. "Direct selection and phage display of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 secretome : a thesis presented to Massey University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/869.
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Bacteria communicate with their hosts in part via surface, secreted and transmembrane proteins (collectively the secretome) resulting in probiotic (beneficial) or pathogenic (harmful) outcomes to the host. Therapeutic benefits of probiotic bacteria have been shown previously, but the molecular mechanisms and the health-promoting effector components involved are still being elucidated. Some evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria can competitively adhere to intestinal mucus and displace pathogens. The adherence of probiotic bacteria to human intestinal mucus and cells appears to be mediated, at least in part, by secretome proteins. Secretome proteins-encoding open reading frames can be identified in bacterial genome sequences using bioinformatics. However, functional analysis of the translated secretome is possible only if many secretome proteins are expressed and purified individually. Phage display technology offers a very efficient way to purify and functionally characterise proteins by displaying them on the surface of the bacteriophage. While a phage display system for cloning secretome proteins has been previously reported it is not efficient for enrichment and display of Gram-positive secretome proteins. In this study a new phage display system has been developed and applied in direct selection, identification, expression and purification of Gram-positive Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 secretome proteins. The new phage display system is based on the requirement of a signal sequence for assembly of sarcosyl-resistant filamentous phage virions. Using this system 89 secretome open reading frames were identified from a library of only 106 clones, performing at least 20-fold more efficiently than the previously reported enrichment method. Seven of the identified secretome proteins are unique for L. rhamnosus HN001. A L. rhamnosus HN001 shot-gun phage display library was also constructed to capture proteins that mediate adhesion or aggregation, initial steps in establishing host-microbe contact or forming multicellular aggregates, both of which may lead to beneficial effects – colonisation of the gastro-intestinal tract and exclusion of pathogens. In search for proteins involved in adhesion, a L. rhamnosus HN001 shot-gun phage display library was screened against the human extracellular matrix component fibronectin commonly used as binding target by bacteria that colonise diverse tissues. This screen selected, instead of a fibronectin-binding protein, a protein that binds to avidin, used to immobilise biotinylated fibronectin. Affinity screening of the shot-gun library for binding to L. rhamnosus HN001 cells identified a secretome protein, Lrh33, as an HN001-cell surface binding protein. This protein contains two bacterial immunoglobulin-like domains type 3. Analysis of phage-displayed nested deletions of Lrh33 determined that the proximal (N-terminal) immunoglobulin-like domain is not sufficient for binding; only the constructs displaying both domains demonstrated binding to HN001. Lrh33 does not have any similarity to previously identified Lactobacillus-binding proteins and no match in the NCBI database (at a cutoff value of > e-13), hence it represents potentially a new type of bacterial auto-aggregation protein.
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Sakaki, Kelly D. R. "Development of a five degree-of-freedom robot for the manipulation of biological cells." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1263.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of individual cells via microscopy and microinjection are a key component
in research on gene functions, cancer, stem cells, and reproductive technology. As
biomedical experiments become more complex, there is an urgent need for robotic
systems to: improve cell manipulation, increase throughput, reduce lost cells, and
improve reaction detection. Automation of these tasks using visual servoing creates
significant benefits for biomedical laboratories including repeatability of experiments,
higher throughput, and a controlled environment capable of operating 24 hours a day.
In this work the design and development of a new five degree-of-freedom biomanipulator
designed for single-cell microinjection, is described. The biomanipulator employs
three degrees of linear motion and two degrees of rotation. This provides the ability
to manipulate/micro-inject cells at varying orientations, thereby increasing flexibility
in dealing with complex operations such as injecting clustered cells. The capability
of the biomanipulator is shown with preliminary experimental results using mouse
myeloma cells.
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Hall, Alistair John. "Steady size distributions in cell populations : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor Philosophy in Mathematics at Massey University." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1730.
Full textAbstract:
In any population of cells, individual cells grow for some period of time and then divide into two or more parts, called daughters. To describe this process mathematically, we need to specify functions describing the growth rate, size at division, and proportions into which each cell divides. In this thesis, it is assumed that the growth rate of a cell can be determined precisely from its size, but that both its size at division and the proportions into which it divides may be described stochastically, by probability density functions whose parameters are dependent on cell size and age (or birth-size). Special cases are also considered where all cells with the same birth-size divide at the same size, or where all cells divide exactly in half. We consider a population of cells growing and dividing steadily, such that the total cell population is increasing, but the proportion of cells in any size class remains constant. In Chapter 1, equations are derived which need to be solved in order to deduce the shape of the steady size distribution (or steady size/age or size/birth-size distributions) from any given growth rate and probability distributions describing the division rate and division proportions. In the general case, a Fredholm-type integral equation is obtained, but if the probability of cell division depends on cell size only (i.e. not age or birth-size), and all cells divide into equal-sized daughters, then we obtain a functional differential equation. In two special cases, the resulting equations simplify considerably, and it is these cases which are explored further in this thesis. The first is where the probability of a cell dividing in any instant of time is a constant, independent of cell age or size. In Chapter 2, the functional differential equation resulting when cells divide into equal-sized daughters is solved for the special case where the growth rate is constant, and in an appendix the case where the growth rate is described by a power law is dealt with. The second case which simplifies is where the time-independent part of the growth rate of a cell is proportional to cell size. This case is particularly important, as it is a good first-order approximation to the real cell growth rate in some structured tissues, and in some bacteria. The special case in which this leads to a functional differential equation is discussed in Chapter 3, and the integral equation arising in the general case is dealt with in Chapter 4. Finally, the conditions under which the integral operator in Chapter 4 will be both square-integrable and non-factorable are discussed in Chapter 5. It is shown that if these conditions are satisfied then a unique, stable, steady size distribution will exist.
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Clarke, Andrew Christopher. "Origins and dispersal of the sweet potato and bottle gourd in Oceania : implications for prehistoric human mobility : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1727.
Full textAbstract:
Origins and dispersal of the sweet potato and bottle gourd in Oceania :|bimplications for prehistoric human mobility : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Books on the topic "Degree Discipline: Biological Sciences"
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Longson, Sally. Life after-- biological sciences: A practical guide to life after your degree. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007.
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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy.
Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented.
The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered.
It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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Chevanne, Marta, and Riccardo Caldini. Immagini di Istopatologia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-023-8.
Full textAbstract:
This collection of images of Histopathology is the fruit of the authors' thirty years' experience in the performance of practical exercises in General Pathology. It is aimed at students attending lessons of General Pathology on the Degree Courses in Medical Surgery and Biological Sciences. It does not aspire either to be complete from the point of view of the various organic pathologies, or to replace direct and personal observation of the histological preparations through the microscope, but is rather intended as an aid to students preparing for the exam. It does not include the rudiments of cytology and microscopic anatomy, which it is assumed have already been mastered by those approaching General Histopathology, nor are histopathological phenomena systematically addressed, for which the reader is referred to textbooks on General Pathology. The 44 preparations presented here have been grouped in line with the main arguments of General Pathology: Cellular Degeneration, Inflammation, Neoplasia both benign and malign, and Vascular Pathology. They have been selected for their didactic significance and the simplicity and clarity of the lesions present, without taking into account the information to be derived from the clinical case history. The images of the preparations, in which the best possible quality of reproduction has been sought, are presented in progressive enlargements and are accompanied by brief descriptions comprising the explanations essential for identification of the characteristic aspects of the elementary lesion, as well as any eventual defects in the preparations themselves. Effectively, the objective of the work is to enable the student to exercise his understanding of the images. For this reason the casuistics included is as essential as possible, and the method of presentation utilised is designed to avoid mere visual memorisation, stimulating first analysis and then synthesis, and the development of individual logical skills so as to indicate whether aspects of cellular pathology, inflammation or neoplasia are present.
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Longson, Sally. Life after... Biological Sciences: A Practical Guide to Life after Your Degree. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Longson, Sally. Life after... Biological Sciences: A Practical Guide to Life after Your Degree. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Longson, Sally. Life after... Biological Sciences: A Practical Guide to Life after Your Degree. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Longson, Sally. Life after... Biological Sciences: A Practical Guide to Life after Your Degree. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Longson, Sally. Life after... Biological Sciences: A Practical Guide to Life after Your Degree. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Longson, Sally. Life after ... Biological Sciences: A Practical Guide to Life after Your Degree. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Baker, Douglas C. Degree Course Guides: Biological Sciences (Including Biology, Botany, Cell and Marine Biology, Genetics and Zoology): 1992 / 1993 (CRAC Degree Course Guides). Hobsons PLC, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Biological Sciences"
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Bremer, Anne, and Roger Strand. "Introduction." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter gives an overview of the context in which the book was written, and goes through the central themes being addressed. The book is a result of long-held collaborations between oncologists, clinicians, philosophers, STSers, anthropologists, economists, ethicists, and media studies scholars, who, for the most part, are affiliated to the Centre for Cancer Biomarker (CCBIO), in Bergen, Norway. In addressing the issues at stake and matters of concern around precision oncology and cancer biomarker research, the authors come to see precision oncology as a sociotechnical imaginary, around which a high degree of confusion between hope and reality is observed, and where debates around the feasibility and desirability of precision medicine are altogether political, social, ethical, scientific and medical. The contributions to this book variously approach the culture of biomarker research, powered to a significant extent by a sociotechnical imaginary of precision oncology, with a focus on the following overarching themes: (i) the uncomfortable knowledge that comes to undermine the legitimacy of precision oncology by point at its shortfalls, and the lack of ambivalence in the discourses and practices around precision oncology; (ii) the dynamics of framing and overflowing, when trying to control biological, social and ethical complexity; and (iii) the role of the economy of hope in legitimising and sustaining the imaginary of precision oncology, and the starch dichotomy between illness and disease it leads to.
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Chen, Bohang. "A Historico-Logical Re-assessment of Hans Driesch’s Vitalism." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 49–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_4.
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AbstractToday vitalism is widely dismissed as a metaphysical heresy. For instance, Brigandt and Love (Reductionism in biology. In: Zalta EN (ed) The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, 2017) claimed that “the denial of physicalism by vitalism, the doctrine that biological systems are governed by forces that are not physico-chemical, is largely of historical interest” (p. 3). Perhaps the most “infamous” vitalist is the German biologist Hans Driesch. However, Driesch (In Rádl E (ed) Actes du Huitième Congrès International de Philosophie a Prague 2–7 septembre 1934. Comité d’Organisation du Congrès, Prague, pp 10–30, 1936) himself very explicitly stated that his vitalism is “neither ‘mysticism’[…]nor ‘metaphysics’” (p. 27). So, in order to address the mismatch between the present conception of vitalism and his own, I seek to offer a historico-logical re-assessment of Driesch’s vitalism. From the historical point of view, I show that Driesch had provided long ignored theoretical reflections on the nature of entelechy (the central concept in his vitalism), especially those in relation to evolution and physics. From the logical point of view, following logical empiricists (Phillipp Frank and Rudolf Carnap), I indicate that Driesch’s vitalism should be rejected due to its lack of vital laws, at least with respect to current biology; it is an unestablished theory rather than a metaphysical heresy. Ironically, some current theoretical biologists have proposed similar theories (or principles and laws) of life, even though they (incoherently) reject Driesch’s vitalism. In the end, I briefly conclude that the failure of vitalism actually alludes to the fact that even today we understand very little about the nature of life (I mean, the pure concept/phenomenon of life!) (While I cannot elaborate here, it is of extremely importance not to conflate knowledge about the pure concept/phenomenon of life and knowledge about objects predicatable of life (Ben-Naim, manuscript, p. 281). For instance, it is common among philosophers of biology today to cite elementary knowledge in a particular biological discipline as offering a better understanding of life. Yet their promise fails to be delivered. At best, they are merely relying on knowledge about objects predicatable of life (in most cases, merely knowledge about complex organizations of matter: about heredity, reproduction, development, metabolism, etc); but such knowledge has not been shown of any relevance to the pure concept/phenomenon of life).
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Dyatlova, Ksenia Dmitrievna, Irina Mikchailovna Shvets, Elena Sergeevna Orlova, Yulia Vitalievna Sinitsyna, and Irina Valerievna Struchkova. "Project-Based Learning as an Instrument for the Formation and Development of Research Skills of Biology Students." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, 132–50. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3485-3.ch007.
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In response to the demands upon the academic community to improve the quality of university teaching, the authors have been developing project-based methodology in terms of biological science. This Chapter mainly focuses on deriving principles and practice in conducting project courses covering a range of major disciplines. Increased emphasis is placed on a distinguishing feature of the study which implies consistent scientific sophistication of project methodology beginning in the first year of tuition and continuing later in degrees. The general project design proposed interrelates with meeting students' future research activity.
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Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and Daniel Hillel. "Analysis of El Niño Effects: Methods and Models." In Climate Variability and the Global Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137637.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of climate impacts is necessarily embedded in multifaceted, multiscaled contexts. The many facets include physical, ecological, and biological factors—as well as social, political, and economic ones—interacting on a spectrum of scales ranging from the individual to the household, the community, the region, the nation, and the world. Such complexities encompass natural as well as cultural aspects. Therefore, assessing the role of climate requires a comprehensive, integrated approach. Various methods and models have been proposed or developed to aid understanding of the relationships between agriculture and climate variability (and more specifically, ENSO) in regions around the world. Relevant methods include socioeconomic research techniques such as interviews and surveys; statistical analyses of climate and agronomic data; spatial analysis of remote-sensing observations; climate-scenario development with global and regional climate models and weather generators; and cropmodel simulations. Here we describe conceptual models that guide regional analysis, a framework of methods for regional studies, and examples of research in several agricultural regions that experience varying degrees of ENSO effects. Conceptual models are important because they can guide research and application projects and help physical, biological, and social scientists work together effectively within a common context. Equally important is the role of conceptual models in promoting effective interactions between researchers and agricultural practitioners. An early conceptual model for enhancing the usefulness of seasonal climate forecasts has been called the “end-to-end” approach (figure 5.1a). This model consists of a linear unidirectional trajectory in which El Niño events precipitate climate phenomena that, in turn, induce agronomic responses, with ensuing economic consequences. In disciplinary terms, the end-to-end trajectory begins with the physical sciences, proceeds to agronomy, and then to social science—primarily economics. The end-to-end model quickly evolved into an “end-to-multiple-ends” approach (figure 5.1b) because social science consists of many disciplines besides economics. Outcomes and insights regarding the use of seasonal climate forecasts differ, depending on whether the disciplines of economics, anthropology, political science, or sociology are involved. However, a weakness of these conceptual models is the absence of agricultural practitioners (e.g., farmers, planners, input providers, and insurers) in the research process.
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Brower, Andrew V. Z., and Randall T. Schuh. "Introduction to Systematics." In Biological Systematics, 3–34. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752773.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of systematics, which is the science of biological classification. It embodies the study of organic diversity and provides the comparative framework to study the historical aspects of the evolutionary process. The chapter then explores the nature of systematics as an independent discipline and briefly surveys the literature sources most frequently used by systematists. It differentiates between evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and phylogenetics (cladistics). Ultimately, systematics is the most strongly comparative of all of the biological sciences, and its methods and principles transcend the differences between botany and zoology. It is also the most strongly historical field within biology, and as such provides the basis for nearly all inferences concerning historical patterns and processes. Among the earth sciences, systematics is directly comparable to historical geology, and indeed the two fields find integration in paleontology.
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Tribe, Keith. "The Moral Sciences Tripos and Cambridge Political Economy." In Constructing Economic Science, 77–106. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491741.003.0004.
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The Cambridge Economics Tripos (an honours degree) was created in 1903 by detaching the teaching of economics in Cambridge from the Moral Sciences Tripos, a broad degree including logic, psychology, and politics and ethics. To understand why Alfred Marshall sought to detach the teaching of economics in this way we need to understand both the nature of this undergraduate programme of study, as well as the model that he sought to emulate: the Mathematical Tripos. This had been until mid-century the primary Cambridge qualification, and rather than a training in mathematics per se, its examination sought to foster a particular intellectual discipline. Students were trained in groups, usually by non-college private ‘coaches’, who drilled students in techniques with whose aid they might solve the questions put to them during several days of examinations. Good students became adept at the speedy selection of the appropriate technique and its application to a given problem. By contrast, the Moral Sciences Tripos was organised around the interpretation of set (canonical) books, and so did not foster this problem-solving approach.
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Zampieri, Fabio. "Darwin’s Impact on the Medical Sciences." In Integrating Evolutionary Biology into Medical Education, 171–86. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814153.003.0010.
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In early nineteenth century medicine, the concepts of organic evolution and natural selection emerged in different contexts, partly anticipating Darwinian revolution. In particular, the anatomical concept of disease favored the perception that men and animals were very similar from a morphological, physiological and pathological point of view, and that this could indicate a certain degree of kinship between them. The debate around human races and human pathological heredity saw first formulations of the principle of natural selection, even if without a full appraisal of its evolutionary implications. Charles Darwin took many inspirations from these medical theories. The impact of the theory of evolution formulated by him in 1859 was only apparently slight in medicine. It is even possible to support that evolutionary concepts contributed in a significant way to the most important medical issues, debates and new discipline in the period between 1880 and 1940.
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Kravchenko, R., Yu Avdosjev, O. Luzan, and J. Ivashchik. "Improving the selective treatment of thymus tumors using intra-arterial chemoembolization." In Synthesis of medicine pharmacy sciences and biological researches analysis and trends (1st ed ), Chair A. Dudnichenko, 35–42. Primedia eLaunch LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/smpsbr:at.ed-1.04.
Full textAbstract:
Epithelial tumors of the thymus occur in the thymus and include thymomas and carcinomas of the thymus. Thymomas are the most common primary tumor in the anterior mediastinum, but are generally rare (1.5 cases / 1,000,000). Although thymomas can spread locally, they are much less invasive than thymic carcinomas. Patients with thymic carcinomas often have metastases. The 5-year survival of patients with thymoma reaches 90%. At the same time, the 5-year survival rate for thymic carcinoma is approximately 55% (NCCN Guidelines. Version 1.2020). Surgical treatment as an independent method can be used only when there are thymus tumors in encapsulated and minimally invasive tumors in the first degree, rarely in the second degree. In all other cases, patients are subject to combined, complex or conservative treatment. In combined and complex treatment, preference should be given to neoadjuvant methods, which allows to achieve regression of the tumor, reduces its volume, limits the invasion of surrounding tissues, as well as to transform the inoperable process into operability. Surgical treatment as an independent method can be used only when there are thymus tumors in encapsulated and minimally invasive tumors in the first degree, rarely in the second degree. In all other cases, patients are subject to combined, complex or conservative treatment. In combined and complex treatment, preference should be given to neoadjuvant methods, which allows to achieve regression of the tumor, reduces its volume, limits the invasion of surrounding tissues, as well as to transform the inoperable process into operability. Endovascular technologies, namely regional chemotherapy, in the preoperative period, as a preparatory stage, will increase the level of ablastics and antiblastics in surgical treatment of thymus and reduce the percentage of cytostatics on the whole body, as in intravenous administration. At patients with a paraneoplastic syndrome it is necessary to increase term of regression of displays of these syndromes. Intra-arterial administration of chemotherapeutics has certain advantages: • cytostatics in the arteries that supply blood to the tumor are injected directly into the affected area, which allows you to significantly increase the concentration of the drug in the tumor itself; • reduces the toxic effects of chemotherapy on the whole body; • longer action of drugs allows long-term contact of the cytostatic with tumor cells at all stages of the cell cycle.
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Vehlken, Sebastian. "Formations." In Zootechnologies. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986206_ch02.
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Concerned with formations, the second chapter is devoted to historical scenes in the development of behavioral biology around 1900. The latter discipline systematized knowledge about swarms by relying on physical instead of then popular social models of interaction, e.g. in mass psychology. It developed a genuinely ‘biological gaze’ that was determined to study animal collectives in terms of the ‘systemic’ nature of their inter-individual behavior. Techniques and media for gathering data thus gained a new degree of relevance, replacing the human sensory apparatus, which perceived little more than noise, and traditional systems for recording information (diaries, hand-written observations), which could not deal with the abundance of data.
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Gontier, Nathalie. "The evolution of the symbolic sciences." In The Oxford Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution, C43.S1—C43.S16. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198813781.013.43.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Aspects of human symbolic evolution are studied by scholars active in a variety of fields and disciplines in the life and the behavioral sciences as well as the scientific-philosophical, sociological, anthropological, and linguistic sciences. These fields and disciplines all take on an evolutionary approach to the study of human symbolism, but scholars disagree in their theoretical and methodological attitudes. Theoretically, symbolism is defined differentially as knowledge, behavior, cognition, culture, language, or social group living. Methodologically, the diverse symbolic evolution sciences establish their teachings upon diverging evolutionary biological schools and paradigms. This chapter reviews past and current research fields in human symbolic evolution for how they differentially implement tenets of the major evolution schools that were discussed in the previous chapter. Traditional evolutionary epistemology and biosemiotics bring in a mesoevolutionary outlook by drawing on early Darwinism and evolutionary developmental biology movements that emphasize the role of the organism in evolution. Communication studies instead originally take on a microevolutionary perspective by investigating how units of information are transmitted across generations through time. Only later do they integrate studies on meaning-making at the organismal level. Sociobiology complements a microevolutionary with a macroevolutionary outlook by implementing population genetic approaches, typical of the Modern Synthesis, into studies on individual and group behavior. The new symbolic evolutionary sciences build upon these traditions and include disciplines such as evolutionary psychology, evolutionary linguistics, evolutionary anthropology, evolutionary archaeology, evolutionary sociology, and evolutionary economics. Originally centered on implementing Darwinian selection theory, these fields are now including ecological and evolutionary developmental biology as well as reticulate evolutionary paradigms. As diverse in outlook and scope as they are, no discipline holds a privileged position over the other and all have made valuable contributions to our understanding of human symbolic evolution.
Conference papers on the topic "Degree Discipline: Biological Sciences"
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4912.
Full textAbstract:
Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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O’Sullivan, Maurice G., Briony Supple, and Marian McCarthy. "Cross cultural experiences of Chinese students studying Food Science in Ireland." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.10.
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Food science is the comprehensive study of food and beverages or more specifically the application of the scientific disciplines of the physical, biological, and chemical as well as engineering, microbiology and nutrition to the study of food and beverages to improve the sensory properties, safety, nutrition, functionality, sustainability and availability. UCC attracts diverse cross-cultural groups of students to degree programmes in Ireland annually including 3000 international students from over 100 countries (UCC, 2018). However, anecdotally, students were underperforming (grades lower than Irish students) for some of their formative assessments due to a lack of familiarity with the Irish teaching system. For this reason, it was decided to investigate, from first principals, the experiences of these Chinese students both from their Chinese and Irish experiential perspectives in order to determine areas that could be optimised to improve their integration and promote their holistic learning experiences. The action research findings of this present study will thus be used to optimise a new bespoke degree programme, specifically catered for Chinese students, that commenced in UCC in September 2017.
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Kumar and Feidler. "Biocompution: an emerging discipline at the intersection of the computational and biological sciences." In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP-02. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.1004802.
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Kumar, Sri Kanta, and Jordan C. Feidler. "Biocompution: An emerging discipline at the intersection of the computational and biological sciences." In Proceedings of ICASSP '02. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745541.
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Wang, Tian-Qi, and Yong Xu. "Analysis of Effect of the Position on Weighted Degree Kernel for Splice Site Prediction." In The International Conference on Biological Sciences and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bst-16.2016.27.
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Yan, Jiaming, Xuemei Li, Guoyu Liu, Ruixing Xue, Jiabo Li, and Jie Ma. "The investigation on the variation of rotten degree in a corn-stalk composting process applied with Jaosu." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0048417.
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Gill, Grandon, and Anol Bhattacherjee. "The Informing Sciences at a Crossroads: The Role of the Client." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3153.
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The essential elements of an informing system are a sender, a communications pathway, and a client. Academic informing systems, however, are best viewed as two interacting informing systems, one that informs clients of a discipline, one that informs clients of the institution. The paper proposes that the greater the degree of overlap between the clients of these two systems, the stronger the position of an individual discipline is likely to be. MIS is presented as an example of a disciplinary informing system that has ceased to inform external clients. This situation, it is argued, is likely to result in the discipline's downfall. The informing sciences transdiscipline itself is then examined using the same lens. While much younger than MIS, the paper argues that informing sciences needs to begin its search for clients in earnest. Building upon lessons learned from another transdiscipline, complex systems, a series of concrete recommendations are presented.
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"Cytokine Profile as a Prognostic Parameter." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.633.
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Burn injuries of the skin are one of the most common household injuries which vary depending on the way of induction and its severity. Common complications are sepsis of the wound and immunosuppression. A total of 44 burned patients were included in the study. Blood samples and a swab were taken from the location of burn from each patient. All cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, G-CSF, TNF and IFN) were evaluated using the ELISA technique. Swabs were cultured and the bacterial growths were tested for sensitivity to 20 different antibiotic discs. Hematological tests were performed and compared to the healthy group control using the automated five parameter counter. The mean serum levels of the cytokines in both female and male patients were significantly higher when compared to the healthy control group. Hematological parameter level results showed an increase in WBC count in both female and male samples, eosinophil and lymphocyte levels decreased in both genders. Neutrophils have significantly increased in both female and male samples. Monocytes, basophils, and RBC count showed no significant difference in both female and male patient samples. The mean concentrations of Hb and platelets have significantly increased in males but no significant difference in female samples. In the bacteriological cultures, only 21 samples showed a bacterial growth. 14 were females and 7 were males. 7 Gram negative bacteria and 13 Gram positive bacteria were detected. 6 total bacterial species were identified (Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas). Antibiotic sensitivity results showed that the number of sensitive bacteria was significantly higher than the resistant bacteria. 14 of the patients had 3rd degree burns. 5 had 2nd degree burns, and 1 had 1st degree burn.Further immunological studies are required to interpret the high mortality rates in burned patients.
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Barba Orellana, Francisco José, Francisco Juan Martí Quijal, Noelia Pallarés Barrachina, Cristina Juan García, and Houda Berrada Ramdani. "Development and implementation of an "escape room" gamification methodology as an innovative teaching tool for students of the degree in Gastronomic Sciences." In IN-RED 2022: VIII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2022.2022.15853.
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Various international organisations have emphasized the importance of establishing both health-based as well as adequate sanitary food guidelines to avoid possible food contamination and potential danger due to improper handling of food. Thus, students of gastronomic sciences must be able to detect hazards (chemical and biological) in the consideration and preparation of menus. The growing interest of students in this field of study also requires a more dynamic and practical method of teaching which can be carried out in seminars. Multidisciplinary case studies oriented towards hazard detection and nutritional objectives are proposed. Due to the current Covid-19 health crisis, hosting and participication in these seminars has been adversely affected. The creation of a virtual reality learning resource in which to interact while reducing risk could be a very interesting alternative. The aim of this resource was to create a task using a gamification approach ("escape room") in a virtual laboratory, in which to pass related tests of both a nutritional and food safety background, and thus save their patient from a specific ailment. As indicated by the high percentage of correct answers in the activity this "escape room" resource was shown to positively reinforce students´ knowledge.
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Michael, Andreas. "The True Market Value of a Good Petroleum Engineer: A Technical Perspective." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206272-ms.
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Abstract Defined by SPE as the application of basic and engineering sciences to the finding, development, and recovery of oil, gas and other resources from wells, petroleum engineering (PE) has been throughout the years falsely thought of as an amalgamation of other disciplines applied to the exploration and recovery of hydrocarbons. Integrating all PE subdisciplines in a manner efficient for teaching and learning is essential for securing the abundance of well-rounded market-attractive professionals. This paper discusses advantages individuals with PE background experience should exhibit in their employment in the oil and gas industry and academia. There is no point for students in going to school for a degree that will not hand them a competitive edge within their discipline. For graduate PEs, the job market is dependent on the quality of their respective academic programs and by extension to the quality of the teaching faculty. A steady oil and gas job market may not necessarily warrant robust employment opportunities, particularly straight after graduation. In a discipline like PE, where almost everything that matters takes place thousands of feet underground, apportioning credit for successes or responsibility for failures is itself a challenge. Decreases in student enrollments in PE programs reported by various universities during times of low oil and gas prices poses questions about the future of the PEs discipline, despite the steady demand for oil and gas in the world's energy mix. Academic programs interested in facilitating a smooth transition of their graduates into the industry should work in conjunction with practitioners to provide the correct balance between theory and practice in their coursework ensuring that once employment opportunities are created, they get filled with candidates of relevant education and training. PE degree-holding candidates should be the natural first choice for PE positions. This means that their educational and professional backgrounds should be providing them with an undisputed advantage which places them a leg above candidates from other disciplines. For instance, for a well completions job opening, there should not be a better alternative than a good PE specialized in well completions. If every PE graduate comes out of his or her program with a skillset which is superior to that of his or her competition, he or she will be the preferred choice for an oil and gas job.