Academic literature on the topic 'Degree Discipline: Behavioural Neuroscience'
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Journal articles on the topic "Degree Discipline: Behavioural Neuroscience"
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Price, John S. "Behavioural ecology as a basic science for evolutionary psychiatry." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 2006): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06389091.
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To the evolutionarily oriented clinical psychiatrist, the discipline of behavioural ecology is a fertile basic science. Human psychology discusses variation in terms of means, standard deviations, heritabilities, and so on, but behavioural ecology deals with mutually incompatible alternative behavioural strategies, the heritable variation being maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection. I suggest that behavioural ecology should be included in the interdisciplinary dialogue recommended by Keller & Miller (K&M).
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Quartz, Steven R. "FROM COGNITIVE SCIENCE TO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE TO NEUROECONOMICS." Economics and Philosophy 24, no. 3 (November 2008): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002083.
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As an emerging discipline, neuroeconomics faces considerable methodological and practical challenges. In this paper, I suggest that these challenges can be understood by exploring the similarities and dissimilarities between the emergence of neuroeconomics and the emergence of cognitive and computational neuroscience two decades ago. From these parallels, I suggest the major challenge facing theory formation in the neural and behavioural sciences is that of being under-constrained by data, making a detailed understanding of physical implementation necessary for theory construction in neuroeconomics. Rather than following a top-down strategy, neuroeconomists should be pragmatic in the use of available data from animal models, information regarding neural pathways and projections, computational models of neural function, functional imaging and behavioural data. By providing convergent evidence across multiple levels of organization, neuroeconomics will have its most promising prospects of success.
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Groth, Camilla, Veikko Jousmäki, Veli-Matti Saarinen, and Riitta Hari. "Craft sciences meet neuroscience." Craft Research 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre_00079_1.
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Collaboration between disciplines is necessary when research questions cannot be answered within a single discipline. Joining of forces can produce results that neither discipline could provide alone. Here we exemplify collaboration between a ceramic craft researcher and three neuroscientists working in the field of human brain imaging. In our case study of clay throwing, the researcher‐practitioner’s eye gaze, muscular activity and hand acceleration were recorded online, synchronized with video and thermal-camera recordings. We describe the experimental setting and discuss, besides the possible future interests in this kind of research, also the different levels of collaborative work between disciplines. We found that the monitoring methods worked well in the naturalistic setting in a ceramic studio, providing some new perspectives into the craft practice. For neuroscientists, clay throwing ‐ involving accurate sensorimotor hand control, haptics and eye‐hand coordination ‐ provides an attractive setup to extend previous neuroscientific and behavioural findings in strictly controlled laboratory experiments into naturalistic situations. The applied monitoring devices might allow practitioner‐researchers in crafts to become aware of unconscious steps in the making process. The applied methods could also help to accumulate general craft-making knowledge and build related theory.
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Zeki, S., O. R. Goodenough, Abigail A. Baird, and Jonathan A. Fugelsang. "The emergence of consequential thought: evidence from neuroscience." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1451 (November 29, 2004): 1797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1549.
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The ability to think counterfactually about the consequence of one's actions represents one of the hallmarks of the development of complex reasoning skills. The legal system places a great emphasis on this type of reasoning ability as it directly relates to the degree to which individuals may be judged liable for their actions. In the present paper, we review both behavioural and neuroscientific data exploring the role that counterfactual thinking plays in reasoning about the consequences of one's actions, especially as it pertains to the developing mind of the adolescent. On the basis of assimilation of both behavioural and neuroscientific data, we propose a brain–based model that provides a theoretical framework for understanding the emergence of counterfactual reasoning ability in the developing mind.
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Brandão, Angela, Raquel Costa, Evelina Rodrigues, and Luis Vicente. "Using behaviour observations to study personality in a group of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in captivity." Behaviour 156, no. 3-4 (2019): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003537.
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Abstract This article presents a novel approach to the study of primate personality and illustrates it with a study of capuchin monkeys. While most personality studies with capuchin monkeys have used rating questionnaires, the research method of this study relies instead on direct behaviour observations. In an effort to capitalize on the full richness of behavioural observation data, we used both statistical and non-statistical methods to analyse data from behavioural observations of a group of capuchin monkeys in captivity. Interest in capuchin monkeys as a species has increased due to their cognitive capacities, behavioural flexibility and complex social structure, as well as many similarities with great apes in dimensions of personality. In this study we focus in three aspects of personality: diversity, flexibility and complexity. Our results provide a detailed picture of these aspects of capuchins’ personality, including the degree of “predictability” and “unusualness” of individual capuchins’ behaviour.
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Kerman, Kaan, Kathryn E. Sieving, Colette St. Mary, and Michael L. Avery. "Social conformity affects experimental measurement of boldness in male but not female monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus)." Behaviour 155, no. 13-15 (2018): 1025–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003519.
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Abstract The standard approach for characterizing boldness rarely considers the influence of social environment on the expression of boldness in group-living animals. We studied a wild-caught, captive population of monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) to investigate the impact of conspecific presence on boldness — a personality trait in monk parakeets — in a controlled environment. We quantified seven boldness metrics across three types of behavioural assay: novel object, emergence, and predator exposure tests in the presence of a companion pair of flock mates. Because of the high degree of sociality in this species, we hypothesized that the presence of companion birds would facilitate the focal individuals’ behavioural responses (i.e., increase the average boldness level). We found that behavioural response in a risky foraging context was inversely correlated between solitary and social condition in males, but not in females. Our results have implications for characterizing sex-specific differences of risk-taking behaviour in social animals.
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Bowen, Louise. "The constellation of psychopathy: All in the brain? A critical review of the neuroscientific literature." PsyPag Quarterly 1, no. 113 (December 2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspag.2019.1.113.22.
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Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder encompassing a constellation of behavioural, affective and interpersonal features. This critical review considers the neuroscientific literature in relation to the disorder. The neuroscience of psychopathy is a burgeoning field with promise, both in terms of diagnosis and potential treatment. Akin to any discipline in its early stages, the study of psychopathology is also is fraught with interpretative variation caused by methodological inconsistencies. Moving forward, two issues will be fundamental in the maintenance of momentum in this field: (i) overcoming issues in methodology, and (ii) application of the knowledge gleaned to diverse fields, such as legal ethics and neurogenetics.
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Briem, Valdimar. "Temporal Organisation in the Behaviour of Newborn Infants in Active Sleep." Behaviour 99, no. 3-4 (1986): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x00559.
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AbstractThe human neonate normally spends nearly 2/3 of its time asleep, and of this time ca 2/3 are spent in active sleep (AS). The present study was designed to investigate the temporal organisation and behavioural composition of this state. The hypothesis was put forward that the amount of facial behaviour that could be observed at any point in time during AS was representative of the neonate's general state of activation, and that the degree of activation varied with cyclic regularity. To test this, the facial behaviour of 8 normal neonates was filmed, and the films observed repeatedly. All activity occurring in three facial regions was registered and the resultant behavioural sequences analysed. It was found that facial behaviour tended to occur in bursts, and the median activity-quiescence cycle length was about 9 seconds. The amount of facial behaviour tended to wax and wane in a compound rhythm, and the lengths of the activity cycles involved could be predicted from a geometric function model. The results were compared with the evidence for cyclic behavioural activity found by previous investigators, and several explanatory models were examined. It is proposed that the activity cycles observed here are related to the rhythmicity observed in other behavioural states of the human infant.
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andrew, richard john. "partial reversal and the functions of lateralisation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 4 (August 2005): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05220101.
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the use of lateralised cues by predators and fellows may not strongly affect lateralisation. conservatism of development is a possible source of consistency across vertebrates. individuals with partial reversal, affecting only one ability, or with varying degree of control of response by one hemisphere do exist. their incidence may depend on varying selection of behavioural phenotypes such as risk taking.
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Höbel, Gerlinde, and Timothy Barta. "Adaptive plasticity in calling site selection in grey treefrogs (Hyla versicolor)." Behaviour 151, no. 6 (2014): 741–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003167.
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Calling behaviour is an essential component of gaining access to mates, and calling site selection may be an important component of effective communication. Environmental factors like microclimate, or the presence of competitors and predators often show seasonal or spatial variation, and behavioural plasticity that allows the caller to adjust to this variation may be adaptive. Prompted by the observation of across-season variation in elevated calling site use in our grey treefrog population, we formulated three hypotheses about their calling site choice and tested them using field observations and behavioural trials in the lab. We found that calling site selection is largely determined by local temperature regimes, and suggest that this temperature-based plasticity in calling site selection is adaptive because it allows males to increase their metabolic efficiency and mate attraction effectiveness. The mere presence of heterospecific competitors and predators did not affect calling site selection at the pond, but close proximity to a predator during behavioural trials did reduce calling activity. This suggests that grey treefrog males attend to the presence of predators, that they can assess the degree of risk associated with predator proximity, and that they can adjust calling behaviour adaptively to reduce the chances of being detected by a predator.
Book chapters on the topic "Degree Discipline: Behavioural Neuroscience"
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Redenius-Hövermann, Julia. "Behavioural Economics, Neuroeconomics, and Corporate Law." In Advances in Corporate Governance, 269–91. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866367.003.0012.
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Behavioural economics is an established field. Still it carries the premises that the actions of corporate players are only to a minor degree led by self-interest, rationality, and self-discipline. Bias portrayed throughout behavioural economics offers an alternative to rational-theoretical standard theory as it allows predictions about the systematic deviation from the prognosis of the homo economicus’ actions. The reception of the findings of systematic research on the basis of human behaviour in modern psychology, neurology, or behavioural economics in corporate and capital market law enables its continuing development. The intention is to assume that non-legal arguments, complying with the standard of their respective scientific field, can be adopted for the development of corporate law. Therefore, the core of the chapter addresses the question of how the development of corporate law will occur under the consideration of findings from adjacent research fields such as behavioural economics.
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Weinman, John, and Keith J. Petrie. "Health psychology." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1135–43. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0147.
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Health psychology is concerned with understanding human behaviour in the context of health, illness, and health care. It is the study of the psychological factors, which determine how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond to illness and health care. Health psychology has emerged as a separate discipline in the past 30 years and there are many reasons for its rapid development. An important background factor is the major change in the nature of health problems in industrialized societies during the twentieth century. Chronic illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have become the leading causes of death, and behavioural factors such as smoking, diet, and stress are now recognized as playing a major role in the aetiology and progression of these diseases. The provision of health care has grown enormously and there is an increased awareness of good communication as a central ingredient of medical care and of the importance of such factors as patient satisfaction and quality of life as key outcomes in evaluating the efficacy of medical interventions. Although health psychology has developed over a similar time period to general hospital/liaison psychiatry and shares some common areas of interest, there are some clear differences between these two fields. Liaison psychiatry has a primary focus on hospital patients, particularly those experiencing psychological difficulties in the face of a physical health problem. In contrast, health psychology has a much broader focus on both healthy and ill populations and on the psychological processes that influence their level of health or their degree of adaptation to disease. Whereas health psychology has been mainly concerned with developing explanations based on theory, for health-related and illness-related behaviour, liaison psychiatry has concentrated on the diagnosis and treatment of either unexplained symptoms or psychiatric disorders occurring in people with medical conditions (see the other chapters in Part 5 of this volume). In this chapter we provide an overview of the main themes and areas in health psychology. Four broad areas of behaviour will be reviewed, namely behavioural factors influencing health, symptom and illness behaviour, health care behaviour, and treatment behaviour. Inevitably such an overview is selective and the interested reader should seek out a more comprehensive introductory text or more in-depth accounts of specific areas.