Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Degredo'

Orientador: Paulo Celso Miceli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Com o advento do capitalismo e da expansão ultramarina, a prática do degredo adquire novos contornos na Época Moderna. Em Portugal a partir do século XV, tendo como pano de fundo as grandes navegações e a montagem e implantação do sistema colonial, a pena de degredo passou a sofrer alterações significativas, como é possível acompanhar na legislação do reino. Tomando por base o Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas, o objetivo desta Dissertação é entender o degredo em sua historicidade, buscando reter a sua especificidade no mundo português
Abstract: In the Modero Age, with the capitalism and the maritime expansion, the practice of degredo (an especific kind of penal transportation) acquires new profiles. In Portugal, since the 15th century, as a result of the great discoveries and the introduction of colonial system, the punishment of degredo became to change, as we can see in the kingdom's legislation. Taking as a reference the Livro V of the Ordenações Filipinas, the objective of this Dissertation is to understand the degredo in the history, trying to keep its specific features in the portuguese world
Mestrado
Mestre em História

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Medeiros Lima
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007
Inclui bibliografia

Orientador: Germana Fernandes Barata
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A endemia de hanseníase que atingiu o Estado de São Paulo nas primeiras décadas do século XX levou o governo paulista a optar pela política pública de internação compulsória dos doentes em asilos-colônia. Inspirada no modelo implantado na Noruega no final do século XIX, essa estratégia não foi resultado de consenso científico, mas de decisões do grupo político que galgou o poder a partir de 1930. Com poucas vozes dissonantes no meio acadêmico, a política isolacionista perseverou por cerca de quatro décadas em São Paulo com o apoio fundamental da imprensa e da sociedade. Esta pesquisa analisou como a imprensa paulista retratou o problema da endemia e a situação dos doentes internados compulsoriamente e como os jornais contribuíram para reforçar a manutenção da política sanitária. A hipótese que se coloca é a de que a mídia impressa se engajou na defesa dos interesses do governo estadual, apesar dos descontentamentos entre pacientes e das vozes divergentes dos cientistas. O estudo selecionou 199 textos dos jornais O Estado de S.Paulo, Folha da Noite, Folha da Manhã e Folha de S.Paulo, entre 1933 e 1967. Os métodos empregados foram análise de conteúdo quantitativa e qualitativa e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Ao longo do período estudado, 37% dos textos apoiaram a política de isolamento compulsório, enquanto apenas 16% foram contrários e 47% foram considerados neutros. Nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, a posição foi majoritariamente pró-internação obrigatória; nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, houve uma mudança de postura e os jornais começaram a publicar textos criticando a política profilática paulista. Defendendo a crença de que São Paulo cumpria no Brasil um papel de "grande potência", os jornais paulistas se mostraram comprometidos com as medidas de controle social que queriam excluir a parcela doente da sociedade. Até os anos 1950, as críticas ao modelo não tiveram espaço nos veículos de São Paulo, tendo sido publicadas principalmente na imprensa do Rio de Janeiro. A defesa da internação compulsória ou a omissão sobre os problemas vividos pelos doentes, principalmente na Era Vargas, ajudou a manter o status quo do sanitarismo de São Paulo. O apoio dos jornais à política de isolamento contribuiu para que o degredo dos doentes em São Paulo fosse extinto apenas em 1967, com cinco anos de atraso em relação à decisão federal
Abstract: The endemic leprosy that hit São Paulo state in the early decades of the twentieth century led the state government to opt for public policy of compulsory segregation of patients in asylums colonies. Inspired by the model implemented in Norway in the late nineteenth century, this strategy was not the result of scientific consensus, but the decisions of the political group that came to power in 1930. With few dissenting voices in academia, the isolationist policy persevered for about four decades in São Paulo with major support from the media and society. This research examined how the press portrayed the problem of São Paulo and the endemic situation of patients admitted compulsorily. It also examined how the newspapers contributed to strengthen the maintenance of health policy. The hypothesis is that the print media engaged in defending the interests of the state government, despite the dissatisfaction among patients and divergent voices of scientists. The study selected 199 texts of the newspapers O Estado de S.Paulo, Folha da Noite, Folha da Manhã and Folha de S.Paulo, between 1933 and 1967. The methods used were quantitative and qualitative analysis of content and semi-structured interviews. Throughout the study period, 37 percent of the texts supported the policy of compulsory isolation, while only 16 percent were opposed and 47 percent were neutral. In the 1930s and 1940s, the position was overwhelmingly pro-compulsory hospitalization. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was a change of posture and the newspapers began to publish texts criticizing the prophylactic policy from São Paulo state. The measures of social control wanted to exclude the diseased portion of society. The São Paulo newspapers were compromised with these measures arguing the belief that São Paulo fulfilled a role of "great power" in Brazil. Until the 1950s criticism to the model did not have space in these newspapers, having been published mainly in the press of Rio de Janeiro. The defense of compulsory segregation or the omission about the problems experienced by patients, mainly in the Vargas era, helped to maintain the status quo of health policy in São Paulo. With the support of the newspapers to the policy of compulsory segregation, this model of prophylaxis would be abolished in São Paulo only in 1967, with five years of delay compared to the federal decision
Mestrado
Divulgação Científica e Cultural
Mestre em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de História, 2006.
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O degredo esteve presente nas práticas punitivas do Estado português do século XV ao XX, orientado para dentro e fora do seu território continental. Após a independência brasileira em 1822, Angola se tornou o principal destino para os condenados pelas leis lusitanas, chegando a receber centenas deles, anualmente. O período de mudanças por que passou todo o continente africano no final do século XIX foi marcado pelo aumento da presença européia e a conversão econômica a partir da abolição do tráfico de escravos. Em 1864, os degredados somavam praticamente um terço da população branca de Angola. Este estudo se dedicou a investigar a atuação dos condenados ao exílio no território angolano e a forma como a historiografia construiu um conhecimento acerca da presença dos degredados na política imperial portuguesa e na história de Angola. Foram usadas, também, fontes para vislumbrar esse grupo ¿marginal¿ no cotidiano da sociedade angolana, tomando o contexto de profundas transformações com o crescente impulso colonial. Os degredados foram importantes instrumentos povoadores e tomaram parte num processo de embate e diálogo cultural, intensificado na segunda metade do século XIX. A presente pesquisa investiga diferentes dimensões desta prática penal. Seu uso pelo projeto povoador, o ponto de vista histórico e social da pena, a dimensão punitiva e o seu papel de agente cultural de fronteira entre o mundo europeu e o africano. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The penal exile has been used in the practices of the Portuguese state from the fifteenth century, into the twentieth century, oriented inside and outside its own continental territory. After the brazilian independence in 1822, Angola became the main destination for the convicts of portuguese laws, having received hundreds of them, annually. The period of changes that the whole african continent went through in the end of the nineteenth century took place due to the raise of the european presence and the economical conversion since the slave abolition. In 1864, the exiles were up to one third of the population in Angola. This study is dedicated to the investigation of the exiled convicts performance in Angola, and how the historiography built a certain knowledge about their presence in the portuguese empire politics and in the history of Angola. Sources were also used to view these “marginal” group into the everyday life in angolan society, taking to context the meaningful changes within the century. The exiles were important instruments of the portuguese colonial drive and became a part in a process of cultural struggle and dialogue, intensified at the second half of the nineteenth century. The present research investigates different dimensions of this penal practice. Its use to the populating politic, the historical and social point of view, the punitive dimension and its part as a cultural frontier agent between the european and the african worlds.

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Etnobotânica é definida como o estudo do conhecimento e das conceituações desenvolvidas por qualquer sociedade a respeito do mundo vegetal, englobando tanto a maneira como o grupo social classifica as plantas, como seus usos. O Brasil que é megadiverso, possui cerca de 40.982 espécies da flora e nada menos que 218 povos indígenas, somando uma população aproximada de 350 mil pessoas. Uma das vertentes da etnobotânica é o levantamento das espécies utilizadas pelas comunidades tradicionais. Tal levantamento pode servir como base para a elaboração de modelos sustentáveis uma vez que ambientes naturais como a Floresta Atlântica brasileira, e seus ambientes costeiros, vem sendo ameaçada há muito anos, tendo sua cobertura vegetal original sido drasticamente diminuída. Sendo assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento das espécies conhecidas e utilizadas pelas comunidades de Pontal do Ipiranga e Degredo visando gerar dados que contribuam para a conservação dos remanescentes florestais e os saberes a eles associados. O trabalho foi realizado em Pontal do Ipiranga e Degredo, ambos localizados em Linhares, ES em área de restinga que vem sendo devastada pela ação humana. Para o levantamento,foram realizadas excursões entre março de 2010 a agosto de 2011 com entrevistas, turnê guiada e coleta do material botânico.Os dados obtidos em campo foram sintetizados e análises qualitativas e quantitativas, tais como valor de uso das espécies e índice de diversidade, foram realizadas. Três informantes, duas mulheres em Pontal do Ipiranga e um homem em Degredo foram identificados através do método Bola de Neve. Além desses, 57 pessoas escolhidas aleatoriamente em ambas as localidades, foram entrevistadas.Como resultados foram levantadas no total85 espécies pertencentes 67 gêneros e 39 famílias para as duas localidades. As famílias com maior número de espécies citadas foram Fabaceae eMyrtaceae eas categorias de usomais representativas foram medicinal, alimentar, tecnologia e ornamental.A categoria ritualística só foi registrada em Pontal e melífera somente em Degredo. O hábito mais freqüente das espécies em Pontal do Ipiranga foi erva e em Degredo foi arbusto e as partes mais utilizadas foram frutos, flores e caule. As espécies com maior valor de uso foram AnacardiumoccidentaleL. eEugeniaunifloraL.com 1,17 e 0,98 respectivamente. O índice de diversidade de conhecimento etnobotânico das comunidades de Pontal do Ipiranga e Degredo foi 1,67 na base 10, considerado baixo em relação a outros trabalhos. As principais conclusões do trabalho são que os informantes locais, apesar de em número reduzido, podem ser reconhecidos como especialistas nas comunidades; há espécies que além de úteis para as comunidades, encontram-se em risco de extinção e que é fundamental a criação de uma Unidade de Conservação em Pontal do Ipiranga e Degredo
Ethnobotany is defined as the study of knowledge and concepts developed by any society about the plant world, covering either the way how the social group classifies plants, or their uses. Brazil, that is quite different, has about 40,982 species of flora and no less than 218 Indians, adding a population of approximately 350 thousand people. One of the aspects of ethnobotany is the survey of the species used by traditional communities. Such survey can serve as basis for the development of sustainable models once that natural environments such as the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and their coastal environments, has been endangered for many years, and its original vegetation drastically diminished. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct the survey of the species known and used by communities from Pontal do Ipiranga and Degredo in order to generate data that contribute to the conservation of forest remnants and knowledge associated with them The study was done in Pontal do Ipiranga and Degredo, both localized in Linhares, ES. in area of sandbank that has been endangered by the human action. For the survey, were conducted excursions between March/2010 up to August/2010 with interviews, guided tours and collection of botanical material. The data obtained in the field were synthesized and were made qualitative and quantitative analysis, such as the value of use of species and the index of diversity. Three informers (two women in Pontal do Ipiranga and a man in Degredo) were identified by the method of Snowball. Besides, 57 people chosen randomly in both localizations, were interviewed. As the results were collected in a total of 85 species belonging 67 genus and 39 families for the both localizations. The families with the largest number of collected species were Fabaceae and Myrtaceae and the categories of use more representative were medicinal, alimentary, technology and ornamental. The ritualistic category only was registered in Pontal and honey varieties only in Degredo. The habit more often of the species in Pontal do Ipiranga was grass and in Degredo was bush and the most commonly used parts were fruits, flowers and stalk. The species with large value of use were AnacardiumoccidentaleL. and Eugenia unifloraL. with1,17 and 0,98 respectively. The diversity index of ethnobotany knowledge of the communities from Pontal do Ipiranga and Degredo was 1,67 in the base 10, considered low in relation to other studies. The main conclusions of the study are that the local informers, instead of in reduced number, can be recognized as specialist in the communities; the communities know little about of the native species more restricted; there are species, which not only useful to communities, are at risk of extinction and is critical to create a Conservation Unit in Pontal do Ipiranga and Degredo

Este trabalho está centrado na investigação do papel que sujeitos enviados para a fronteira meridional da América Portuguesa, como forma de punição por algum crime que haviam cometido em alguma outra parte do Império Português, tiveram na incorporação deste novo território aos domínios lusitanos, o que se iniciou a partir da fundação da Colônia do Sacramento. Para isso, primeiramente se apresenta como o envio de degredados se entrelaçava aos avanços territoriais portugueses em direção ao Rio da Prata, verificando-se sua presença e utilização por parte das autoridades tanto em Sacramento como no Rio Grande de São Pedro e também na Ilha de Santa Catarina – as três regiões que compõem aquilo que se considerou neste trabalho como esta fronteira meridional. Ao mesmo tempo, observa-se por meio do degredo o funcionamento das próprias justiças locais nesta fronteira em formação, na medida em que ela não apenas acolhia os condenados vindos do Reino ou do Rio de Janeiro, por exemplo, mas também condenava seus moradores ao exílio penal para regiões distantes. Além dessa análise, centrada sobretudo nos usos políticos do sistema de degredo e seus objetivos expansionistas, este trabalho também contempla a análise dos sujeitos desta prática: os próprios degredados. Assim, também se apresenta uma análise dos crimes por eles cometidos e das concepções de criminalidade presentes naquela sociedade, bem como dos lugares ocupados por esses indivíduos nas hierarquias daquele mundo de Antigo Regime, por meio da análise de suas classificações de cor, suas ocupações, seu sexo, estado civil e faixa etária. Todos estes são elementos que permitem avançar na definição de quem eram esses degredados e de que forma essas características definiam sua presença na fronteira meridional e indicavam as possibilidades ou impossibilidades de sua inserção nesta sociedade fronteiriça em formação que os recebia.

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The banishment is a very old penal practice, having been applied by the societies in the defense and conservation of the order, excluding the social environment of the elements that offended the rules of conduct. In Portugal, it had been since the High Medium Age and from the XV and XVI centuries, the Portuguese expansionist politic implemented the use, through the punishment of banishment, to the ones that were socially undesirable like settlers in their overseas domains. This work analyzes the banishment process for the Portuguese Amazon, in the second half of the XVIII century. For Portuguese Amazon we understand the distinct States from the State of Brazil in Portuguese America, therefore, it refers to the territories of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão (1751-1772) and the State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro (1772-1823). It privileges and it relates three study objects that have been little visited by the historiography: the convicted by the Portuguese secular courts to the colonial banishment, the study of the banishment in the second half of the XVIII century and the day-by-day of the convicted at the place of banishment and the dimension of the insertion of those in the Amazonian colonial society. In this sense, it seeks to understand and to evidence the place of the banished in the political communication circuits and in the instances of social structure and institutional presence in the second Portuguese colony in America. It aims at the Amazonian colony as a area of social tensions, negotiations and disputes; a possible place of conquering the challenges of a new social adjustment, building or resuming social ties, to those that had suffered an inverse social mobility: from metropolitans to infamous banished ones
O degredo é uma prática penal muito antiga, tendo sido aplicada pelas sociedades na defesa e conservação da ordem, excluindo do meio social os elementos infratores das normas de conduta estabelecidas. Em Portugal, foi utilizada desde a Alta Idade Média e, a partir dos séculos XV e XVI, a política expansionista portuguesa implementou o aproveitamento, através da pena de degredo, dos seus indesejáveis sociais como agentes colonizadores dos seus domínios no ultramar. Este trabalho analisa o processo de degredo para a Amazônia portuguesa, na segunda metade do século XVIII. Por Amazônia portuguesa compreendemos os Estados distintos do Estado do Brasil na América portuguesa, portanto, refere-se aos territórios do Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão (1751-1772) e o Estado do Grão- Pará e Rio Negro (1772-1823). Privilegia e relaciona três objetos de estudo ainda pouco visitados pela historiografia: os condenados por tribunais seculares portugueses ao degredo colonial, o estudo do degredo na segunda metade do século XVIII e o cotidiano dos condenados no local de degredo e a dimensão da inserção destes na sociedade colonial amazônica. Neste sentido, busca compreender e evidenciar o lugar dos degredados nos circuitos de comunicação política e nas instâncias de estruturação social e institucional presentes na segunda colônia portuguesa na América. Apontando a colônia amazônica como um espaço de tensões sociais, negociações e disputas; um local possível de se vencer os desafios de um novo ajuste social, de construir ou reatar laços sociais, àqueles que haviam sofrido uma mobilidade social inversa: de metropolitanos a infames degredados

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of a master's degree in construction management in southern Idaho. A telephone and Internet survey was employed to determine the value that members of the construction industry in southern Idaho place on construction management (CM) degrees, both graduate and undergraduate. The survey included 27 self-described general contractors who are members of The Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) in regions 3 and 4 in the state of Idaho. Regions three and four include Twin Falls, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Ketchum, Burley and surrounding communities. Following the compilation of surveys, it was found that the group of participants 1) knew there was a bachelor's degree in CM; however, some didn't realize there was a master's degree in CM; 2) felt that education is sometimes over rated; 3) perceived no difference in hiring an undergraduate v. a graduate in terms of monetary value. There was a perceived value in a master's degree itself.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008.
"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Directed by Abebayehu Tekleselassie. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-208) and appendices.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2010.
Title from screen (viewed on July 21, 2010). School of Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Margaret E. Adamek, Katharine V. Byers, Frank Caucci, Rebecca S. Sloan. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-128).

This thesis sets out to analyse perceptions of the legacy value of an undergraduate degree from graduates at different distances since graduation. This perspective has not been systematically sought within higher education today. Submission of the work comes as attention in England is focused on ‘teaching excellence’ and Government expectations that a higher education degree should deliver lasting value to graduates and taxpayers alike. Thus the work has importance in providing new research identifying that the graduate voice supports more realistic student expectations and effective curricula. Underpinned by constructivist theories of research (Kukla, 2000) and learning (Dewey 1916) the study sought to understand the value of a degree through the experiences and perceptions of graduates. It explored with them how they recognise and allocate value within well-established areas such as economic/financial, academic and personal, defined by previous researchers including Barnett (1990), Mezirow (1991) and Caul (1993). A mixed methods two-phase study gathered quantitative and qualitative data from 15 interviews and an online survey of 202 graduates from universities in England across all institutional mission groups. Graduates were invited to examine and allocate the relative value of their degree in economic/financial, academic and personal terms. The primary conclusion was that whilst 99 per cent of graduates perceived value in their degree they attributed least value to the economic/financial benefits. This indicates a discrepancy between graduate perceptions of value and the hegemonic cost/benefit discourse that underpins political policy around individual tuition fees. The findings additionally determined a statistically significant relationship between students’ entry motivation and graduate perception of degree value. Graduates whose entry motivation as students had been to meet the expectations of others were more likely to perceive lower value in their degree than those motivated by personal aspiration and a career goal requiring a degree. Graduates reporting the highest value perceptions also evidenced selfauthorship during their degrees. The relationship between high perceptions of value and likelihood to recommend a degree or institution emerged as statistically significant. Analysis of the findings resulted in the creation of a conceptual model of graduate perception of value which recommends institutions resource drawing on the graduate voice to develop and sustain value within and surrounding a degree to sustain their work. The findings revealed implications for sustaining student enrolment and institutional advancement in an increasingly commercialised, competitive and marketised sector. The thesis demonstrates ways in which regular collation and publication of graduate perceptions of value evidence, and inform, the legacy of undergraduate degrees across the sector and from specific institutions.

This study described the Department of Agriculture at Alcorn State University (ASU) as perceived by the agricultural baccalaureate degree graduates. Additionally, the study established a biographic and demographic data bank of these graduates for future reference and use by the Department. A descriptive research design was used for the study. The total population for the study was the 160 graduates from all agricultural program areas at ASU from 1982-1986. Data was collected by a questionnaire developed by the researcher with assistance from two review panels. Mailed instruments were returned by 102 graduates representing a 64% response rate. Data were summarized by frequency distributions, percentages, measures of central tendency and measures of variability as appropriate for each variable item. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System computer package at ASU. The following major conclusions were reached: (1) the graduates perceived the faculty as being effective in the Department of Agriculture at ASU, (2) graduates perceived that certain curricula in the Department were less than adequate, especially that the number of semester hours in communication skills and agricultural engineering courses needed increasing, (3) the graduates perceived the facilities in the department as insufficient and that additional intern training centers are needed, {4) graduates reported little participation in professional and civic activities, (5) graduates were willing to participate in recruitment for the department, and (6) most graduates were currently employed. Major recommendations made were: (1) strategies be developed to improve communications with agricultural agencies and industries, (2) the Department of Agriculture closely review the current curriculum to determine how communication, agricultural engineering and computer skills could better be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum, (3) agricultural graduates be contacted to assist in locating appropriate off-campus training centers for student internships, and (4) each program area of the Department needs to further analyze the data collected from the graduates to assist in making programmatic improvement.
Ed. D.

Most modern theories of responding to student writing typically advocate a meaning-centered, whole text holistic approach (as opposed to an analytic mode of response, which allows for the separate evaluation of different criteria). In a holistic assessment, certain criteria may be considered together on one descriptive scale, which renders a final assessment that allows for broader judgments on the quality of particular writing products. As a result, a holistic assessment is usually not quite as rigid as an analytic assessment. This study examined a non-traditional writing program that was highly traditional in its emphasis on stressing the rules of writing mechanics (an analytic method). It specifically focused on instructor familiarity with the program?s required citation format. My research questions: how well would instructors score if given the task of finding deliberately inserted errors? What is instructor perception of format in writing evaluation? And, what, if any, influence does instructor training and experience have on the ability to apply citation format? In addition to being asked to detect 33 deliberately inserted errors in documentation format in a typical student paper, ten instructors at the program, an adult accelerated degree completion program, were also asked to complete a demographic survey. As predicted, except for two notable exceptions, average instructor scores were low (68%). In the follow-up survey, most indicated that they were satisfied with the program?s required APA citation format, and finally, neither length of experience nor discipline-specific training proved to be significant factors in the average of the instructors? scores. As part of the project, the program?s director and the two highest scorers (an English instructor and an accounting instructor) were interviewed to gain insight into how writing requirements fit into the program?s overall curriculum. The director of the program felt that stressing the importance of documentation format helped provide the students in the program with a solid academic grounding. And, despite my intuitive notion that the English instructor would provide the most insightful views on how to promote better student writing, it was the accounting instructor who provided the most helpful feedback (which included a recommendation for the use of other documentation styles in the program). It is hoped that this study offers implications for more in-depth study of instructor response to actual student writing, and more study of other non-traditional writing programs.

This thesis is the result of a qualitative case study of a group of ten part-time, mature, non-traditional learners enrolled on a Foundation Degree. The thesis identifies how students think, communicate with one another and manage the learning processes. It explores the attitudes of students who are a new type of cohort entering Higher Education. The thesis commences by identifying entry barriers to Higher Education and how these were overcome. Despite earlier failures, students retained a belief in their abilities, were motivated and maintained aspirations to achieve a Higher Education qualification. The research then identifies how this group of adult learners developed strategies to support them in their quest for continuing success and achievement, including developing supporting relationships with other students. Students were also very pragmatic in the way they handled the complexities of learning whilst at the same time coping with multiple roles. E-learning contributed to the learning experience and achievement and the research identifies new patterns and modes of learning for this group of students. Insights into human adaptation to a new learning environment are revealed and the research shows how students utilised technology in order to be successful in their learning. For example, students used discussion boards and email to continue social interaction, communication and relationships formed at day schools. Other issues that arose from the research are gender issues as well as student change. For example, students reported they felt they had gained confidence. This increased confidence manifested itself in the way they approached their academic work and approached their jobs. In addition, students also believed employers saw their value as enhanced. Students were goal driven yet highly interested in the process of learning, very much in line with mature female goals. This is a study, therefore, not only of a new type of degree but of new kinds of students following the huge expansion of entrants into Higher Education

This study is situated within a context of the changing role and value of the university, particularly in terms of a renewed focus on the importance of 'practical' research. It seeks to explore candidates' experiences of the culture of three doctoral research degrees in the School of education, RMIT University. The degrees in question are the Doctor of Philosophy by thesis, the Doctor of Philosophy by project and the Doctor of Education. The research sought to problematise and contest current understandings of doctoral candidates' experiences by highlighting complexities in the process and identifying differences and similarities between each of the three degrees. The main research question is 'How do candidates perceive the respective cultures of traditional, practice-based and professional doctoral education?' A nested, multiple-case study of the three doctoral modes was used to address three sub-questions, which focused on the norms and practices of candidates ; the extent to which their needs and expectations were met; and differences in their notions of research and practice. Differences and similarities between the degrees are analysed, leading to answers to the fourth sub-question which sought to identify what can be learned in terms of supervisor pedagogy and learning support. The research design was underpinned by a Bourdieuian epistemology and a critical theoretical perspective. Bourdieu's theory of practice with its conceptual tools of habitus, field, capital, agent and practice allowed analysis of candidates' experiences and the doctoral structures within which their practice resides through one critical lens. The data revealed many issues common to all doctoral programs. These include the importance of understanding the various habitus' and relative amounts of cultural capital of candidates, and the impact of a perceived lack of learning community. Other findings related to ambivalence regarding the types of cultural and social capital appropriate for do ctoral candidates not aiming to work in an academic environment where these are in conflict with the workplace. Three meta-themes were developed: tensions between and within the field; challenges to autonomous principles; and the importance of habitus and cultural capital in doctoral study. The study added to the literature aimed at increasing understanding of candidates' trajectories toward success in the doctoral field, thereby informing supervisor and learning support pedagogy. Five recommendations were proposed, aimed at producing a vibrant doctoral learning community with a deeper understanding of candidates' issues.

The present study examined the extent to which the U.S. STEM labor market is stratified in terms of quality of employment. Through a series of cluster analyses and Chi-square tests on data drawn from the 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP), the study found evidence of segmentation in the highly-skilled STEM and non-STEM samples, which included workers with a subbaccalaureate diploma or above. The cluster analyses show a pattern consistent with Labor Market Segmentation theory: Higher wages are associated with other primary employment characteristics, including health insurance and pension benefits, as well as full-time employment. In turn, lower wages showed a tendency to cluster with secondary employment characteristics, such as part-time employment, multiple employment, and restricted access to health insurance and pension benefits. The findings also suggest that women have a higher likelihood of being employed in STEM jobs with secondary characteristics. The findings reveal a far more variegated employment landscape than is usually presented in national reports of the STEM workforce. There is evidence that, while STEM employment may be more resilient than non-STEM employment to labor restructuring trends in the new economy, the former is far from immune to secondary labor characteristics. There is a need for ongoing dialogue between STEM education (at all levels), employers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to truly understand not only the barriers to equity in employment relations, but also the mechanisms that create and maintain segmentation and how they may impact women, underrepresented minorities, and the foreign-born.

The purpose of this study was to assess benefits of completing a doctoral degree in education for females versus males relative to expected benefits upon entry to Virginia Tech. Relationships between expected benefits, accrued benefits, and selected demographic data by gender were studied. The basic design of the study involved a survey completed by 265 (90%) of the doctorate recipients between 1980-1984. Specific computational procedures utilized in data analyses included frequency distributions, percentages, and chi-square procedures. Results of the study indicated more similarities than differences for the female (87%) and male (93%) respondents. Median age at doctorate was 38.5 years. Most respondents (75.4%) were married. Approximately 62% respondents reported their career decision assumed equal or greater importance than spouses’ career decisions. Most spouses (79.6%) were employed full-time. Most respondents (94.4%) were employed full-time. Respondents (74.9%) earned $12,000-$35,988 annually prior to entry into the doctoral program. Following the completion of the degree respondents (45.5%) earned $24,000-$35,988 in 1984. Research indicated some significant differences in expected versus accrued benefits by gender. Females expected significantly more opportunity to use training or schooling and more autonomy and independence on the job following completion of the degree. Males perceived that they had accrued significantly more benefits relative to improved autonomy and independence at work, congeniality of work relationships, visibility for jobs at other institutions or organizations, and mechanical ability. The females and males expected the same 18 out of 20 most important benefits and perceived that they had accrued the same 18 out of 20 most important benefits relative to improved aspects of employment and intellectual qualities and skills. Relationships between the age at obtaining the doctorate and accrued benefits were found for the youngest age group (27-34) for four of 36 benefits: working conditions, congenial work relationships, public speaking ability, and academic ability. Among respondents, 91.4% reported the doctoral degrees had a positive effect on career development. Respondents perceived personal benefits were primary. Professional and financial benefits were second and third, respectively. Ninety-one percent of the respondents reported it was worth the time, effort, and expense‘ involved to complete the doctoral degree.
Ed. D.

Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare il calcestruzzo armato come materiale da costruzione, in particolare focalizzando l’attenzione sulle tecniche di prevenzione di alcuni tipi di degrado con l’utilizzo di trattamenti superficiali. Il calcestruzzo è uno dei materiali da costruzione più utilizzati in quanto presenta molteplici vantaggi come la libertà di forma, il basso costo dei materiali ed il buon comportamento strutturale. Nonostante quanto detto, si possono evidenziare delle criticità inerenti all’utilizzo di questo materiale, il tema centrale di questo lavoro è quello di analizzare nuove tecniche di protezione atte a salvaguardare la struttura da tre diverse tipologie di degrado, valutandone l’effettiva efficacia nell’ottenere quello per cui sono state previste. Nei primi capitoli si esaminerà il calcestruzzo come materiale da costruzione e saranno spiegati i processi che il conglomerato cementizio deve compiere per diventare un materiale indurito e resistente. Nel terzo capitolo si affronteranno, senza entrare nella descrizione puntuale di ciascuna di esse, le diverse cause di degrado del calcestruzzo armato. Infine nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo, verranno esposti tre casi studio: il primo tratta di un tipo di degrado spesso non preso in considerazione ma causante ingenti danni all’aspetto paesaggistico e al patrimonio storico: si analizzano i rivestimenti da poter applicare al calcestruzzo per rendere più semplificato il processo di rimozione dai graffiti. Il secondo si ripromette di analizzare l’efficacia nel proteggere le armature di acciaio dalla corrosione per mezzo un nuovo tipo di pigmenti core-shell poco costosi ma soprattutto ecosostenibili. Infine si porrà lo sguardo su un problema non indifferente ovvero quello della protezione del calcestruzzo armato dalle alte temperature anche in questo caso utilizzando un trattamento superficiale volto a migliorare le performance del calcestruzzo durante l’incendio.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-196).
In this project we examine the DP-internal behavior of degree operators contained in attributive extended APs, specifically degree fronting (so sunny a day) and degree right extraposition (a day sunny enough). We argue that both processes have to do with the scope of the degree operator, namely, that degree fronting is a diagnostic of clausal scope of the degree operator, while right extraposition is overt QR to the DP-internal landing site where a quantifier can be interpreted. We first show that pre-determiner APs in Germanic languages (so sunny a day) are moved to [Spec, NumP] only if they contain a degree operator, i.e. an element that cannot be interpreted in situ. We will then show that the appearance of the adjectival projection in that position is due to pied-piping, and that different degree operators behave differently with respect to how much material is moved overtly (pied-piping). We then turn to right extraposition. We will show that it can be differentiated from other cases traditionally denoted by the same term (e.g. a professor proud of her children). On the other hand, it has certain properties permitting to assimilate it to DP-extraposition to the right periphery of the vP (Heavy NP Shift) - it has new information status and permits stranding of the argument of the degree operator (a more interesting problem than this). These and similar factors suggest that right extraposition of degree-containing extended APs is overt QR of the degree operator accompanied by more or less pied-piping. The overall picture seems to be that QR an overt movement processes examined for clausal projections exist in nominal projections as well and have similar properties.
by Ora Mitchell Matushansky.
Ph.D.

This study investigated the impact a community college associate of applied science degree from a rural college in east Tennessee has on the area served by the college. Variables explored in this study included residence location, employment status, employment location, salary range, and advanced degree persistence. The population for this study included all Summer 1999, Fall 1999, Spring 2000, and Summer 2000 Associate of Applied Science graduates from Walters State Community College. Data for this study were collected via a student survey and information gathered from the student information system database at the college. All hypotheses were analyzed using descriptive techniques appropriate to the data analyzed, including Chi Square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Based on the analysis of the population sample, Associate of Applied Science graduates do have a positive impact on the Walters State Community College service delivery area. Associate of Applied Science graduates tend to reside in the area, are employed in the area, have reasonable salaries, and many work toward advanced degrees.

A construction project including planning, cost estimation and design of a Hostel on a property in the city of Halmstad.
Ett byggnadsprojekt med planering, kostnadsberäkning och projektering av en/ett ”Hostel” på en fastighet i Halmstad.

La tesi si occupa di un argomento ancora poco studiato, ovvero la durabilità dei materiali compositi fibrorinforzati a matrice polimerica (FRP) applicati ai substrati murari dell’edilizia storica, con particolare riguardo a come la presenza di umidità e di sali all’interno della muratura possa influire negativamente sull’efficacia del legame di adesione tra substrato e materiale composito FRP. La prima parte dell’elaborato è incentrata sulla definizione delle principali caratteristiche dei materiali compositi FRP, del loro utilizzo nel rinforzo strutturale del patrimonio edilizio storico e della loro durabilità in relazione a vari fattori di degrado, sulla base della letteratura tecnico-scientifica disponibile. La seconda parte riguarda la descrizione della campagna sperimentale condotta, dalla descrizione dei materiali e dei metodi impiegati fino alla discussione dei risultati ottenuti: sono stati studiati provini costituiti da mattoni in laterizio rinforzati con matrice polimerica a base di resina epossidica e tessuto unidirezionale in trefoli di acciaio. I provini sono stati sottoposti a due differenti tipi di cicli di condizionamento in modo da ricreare le condizioni di substrati murari affetti rispettivamente da umidità e sali: sono state poi eseguite le prove di taglio diretto per valutare il peggioramento del legame di adesione. In seguito, sono state effettuate le prove di caratterizzazione dei materiali: la cromatografia ionica e l’analisi al microscopio, per comprendere le modalità di rottura riscontrate nei campioni affetti dalla presenza di sali, e due diverse prove meccaniche standard (prova di flessione a 3 punti e prova brasiliana), per comprendere le modalità di rottura osservate nei campioni affetti da umidità. Infine, su singoli mattoni rinforzati in maniera analoga ai provini precedenti sono state svolte delle prove di pull-off, per confermare i risultati ottenuti in precedenza e avere una visione più completa riguardo il fenomeno dell’adesione.

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Given the current crisis faced by the teaching degrees in Brazil, specially due to the lack of attractiveness that teacher training has in the educational context; and considering the criticism made to the fragility of initial teacher training in online undergraduate courses (in this case, the Education course), PIBID – the Brazilian Government Institutional Program of Scholarships for Teaching Initiation emerges as a policy that encourages and adds value to the teaching profession. The aim of this policy is to contribute to a more solid and articulated training in terms of the relation between theory and practice, that can be gained especially due to the proximity that the students who receive this scholarships have to school daily life. This is the focus of this investigation that aimed: 1) to reflect on the history of teacher training and the devaluation of the teaching profession that has led, consequently, to a crisis in the offering of teaching degrees and, to analyze PIBID as the proposition of a public policy to face this crisis; 2) to analyze the representations of PIBID among the students who receive the scholarships in an Online Education Course, to discover whether the experience they have really helps to strengthen the choice they have done for the teaching career and whether the program really contributes to the their formation as undergraduate students; 3) to verify the PIBID contributions to the students, to their supervisors (teachers from public schools) and coordinators, and if these contributions really enhance the preparation for the exercising of the teaching profession. The research conducted a review of the literature on the context of the crisis and the launching of PIBID, as well as of online teacher training. The theoretical framework was based in authors such as Libâneo (1998), Gatti and Barreto (2009), Bahia and Duran (2011), Scheibe (2006), Sommer (2010), FCC (2009), and Tardif (2005). For this research we conducted a field survey using two instruments for data collection: a profile questionnaire and interviews, that were conducted along with seven fellows of PIBID at an online education teaching course (from a private higher education institution, in São Paulo), from which four were from the undergraduate course, two were supervisor teachers and one, an area coordinator. The results indicate that there were stronger criticisms to online initial teacher training in comparison to online on-going teacher training; and that studies regarding PIBID show positive experiences throughout the country, which articulate theory and practice and rescue teacher identity; valuing, integrating and retaining undergraduate students in their teaching courses. The representations about the experience subjects have with PIBID show that the program effectively provides opportunity for reflection and experience, linking theory and practice and allowing for a greater confidence in dealing with school pupils and developing practical activities. Subjects’ representations of the program also show that PIBID helps them to rest assured and feel the conviction that they really want to be teachers.
Tendo em vista a atual crise das licenciaturas, especialmente em termos da pouca atratividade que a formação para a docência vem apresentando em nosso contexto educacional e, considerando, ainda, as críticas sobre a fragilidade da formação inicial de professores ocorrer na modalidade a distância (no caso, o curso de Pedagogia), o PIBID - Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência surge como uma política de incentivo e valorização do magistério com o propósito de contribuir para uma formação mais sólida e articulada em termos da relação teoria-prática, especialmente pela proximidade que favorece aos alunos bolsistas, com o cotidiano escolar – este é o foco desta investigação que teve por objetivos: refletir sobre o histórico da formação docente em interface com a desvalorização do magistério que, consequentemente, levou à crise das licenciaturas e, a partir disso, analisar a proposição do PIBID como uma política pública para o enfrentamento desta crise; analisar as representações de bolsistas do PIBID, de um curso de Pedagogia a distância, sobre a experiência que estão tendo, e se ela contribui, no caso dos licenciandos, para o fortalecimento da escolha pela carreira docente; verificar as contribuições do programa para a formação dos licenciandos, dos supervisores (professores das escolas públicas parceiras) e do coordenador de área e se este oportuniza uma complementação na preparação para o exercício da docência. A pesquisa realizou uma revisão da literatura sobre a crise das licenciaturas e o contexto do aparecimento do PIBID, bem como sobre a formação de professores ocorrer na modalidade a distância, tendo como referencial teórico autores como Libâneo (1998), Gatti e Barreto (2009), Bahia e Duran (2011), Scheibe (2006), Sommer (2010), FCC (2009), Tardif (2005). Realizou, também, uma pesquisa de campo que teve como sujeitos sete bolsistas do PIBID de um curso de Pedagogia a distância (de uma instituição de ensino superior, particular, de São Paulo), sendo: quatro licenciandas, duas supervisoras e uma coordenadora de área do subprojeto. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos para a coleta de dados: um questionário para o delineamento do perfil dos sujeitos e a realização de entrevistas de aprofundamento. As reflexões realizadas a partir da revisão da literatura e das análises dos dados coletados junto aos sujeitos indicam que: em relação à proposição da formação inicial de professores a distância, esta denota maiores críticas, diferentemente da formação continuada de professores a distância, que apresenta uma maior aceitabilidade; em relação ao PIBID, os estudos vêm apontando a positividade das diversas experiências que vêm se desenvolvendo no território nacional e que denotam um trabalho articulado entre teoria e prática, bem como no resgate da identidade docente, com uma ênfase na valorização, inserção e permanência dos licenciandos nos seus cursos; as representações dos sujeitos investigados sobre a experiência que estão tendo com o PIBID apontam para: o reconhecimento de que o Programa garante, efetivamente, a reflexão e vivência entre a teoria e prática; a contribuição para a aquisição de maior segurança na relação com os alunos das escolas parceiras e também no desenvolvimento das atividades práticas; a certeza e/ou convicção de que realmente querem ser professoras.

The percentage of women who receive doctorates has increased by over 300 percent during the past three decades. The consequences of pursuing the Ph.D. degree have always been far reaching and profound, serving as an impetus and springboard for the reconfiguration of one's beliefs, values, and professional life. The purposes of this national study were to ascertain and describe marital and social changes that occurred in the lives of women who were awarded the Ph.D. degree at midlife. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of three-hundred women who hold the Ph.D. degree and were employed in institutions of higher education in the United States. The study sought to identify the effects of the Ph.D. experience upon the marital relationships, friendships, and social activities of women who completed the degree between the ages of thirty-five and forty-five. Demographic data were collected which were related to their marital status before, during, and after the Ph.D. experience. Both closed and open-ended questions were posed which solicited information pertaining to their post Ph.D. experience. This research reports both quantitative and qualitative findings. The majority of women who complete the Ph.D. experience at midlife undergo and initiate changes in their lives which impact their relationships and activities. Many of these changes are the result of employment which follows the award rather than the degree itself. While some women experience negative effects in some areas of their lives, overall, the findings of this study suggest that changes are perceived positively by the majority of women who receive the Ph.D. at midlife.

There are many issues that relate to the efficacy of the undergraduate degree in the field of communicative disorders. Some have advocated for the elimination of the degree while others vigorously fight to maintain it. Some believe that there should be clinic associated with the undergraduate degree while others argue to have the degree but without clinic. Some state departments of education allow persons with an undergraduate degree in communicative disorders to practice in the schools, others do not. Colleges and universities are afraid that without an undergraduate degree program, their departments will be seen as vulnerable to elimination in the academy. Other colleges and universities want to close their undergraduate programs to concentrate on their master's and doctoral degrees, especially because of the shortage of doctoral level faculty to adequately staff all their programs. All of these issues and many more play into the debate about the continuation of the undergraduate degree in the field of communicative disorders. Today you are going to hear from three members of the Council who have very different viewpoints on the issue. We hope to stimulate discussion that will be productive in helping you and your departments determine the efficacy of your undergraduate degree in the field

Modular degree is an interesting invariant of elliptic curves. It is computed by variety of methods. After computer calculations, Watkins conjectured that given E/IQ of rank R, 2R I deg( : Xo(N) ---+ E is the optimal map (up to isomorphism of E) and deg(