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Journal articles on the topic 'Deforming tool'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Virt, A. E., and A. P. Ivashchenko. "IMPROVING DESIGN PARAMETERS INERTIA LEVER IS ROLLED DEVICES." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 8(255) (August 31, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-8-255-16-21.

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He process of surface plastic deformation is accompanied by significant forces acting through the deforming element on the surface. These forces cause the quality and structural changes in the surface layer. To create a strain force in the tool used centrifugal forces generated during rotation of the tool from massive arms. Which, in turn, affect the deforming rollers. In order to prevent arbitrary displacement of the inertial instruments and as a result of displacement of the deforming rollers and the violation of specified sizes in the processing is necessary to pay due attention to their mountings. Method of attachment data inertial instruments and method of attachment of the deforming rollers and the inertial raskatnike covered in this article.
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2

Zaydess, Semen, Nguen Van Hin, and Igor Bobrovskij. "Forming a regular surface topography of a cylindrical part using oscillating ironing." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929702009.

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A new technological practice for the formation of a regular surface topography by means of oscillating ironing is presented. The results are based on analytical calculations and experimental studies. Surface topography after oscillating ironing depends on workpiece rotation frequency, deforming tool advance, oscillation frequency, deforming tool amplitude and tilt angle. The influence of the oscillating ironing process parameters on the size and shape of contact patch is confirmed.
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3

Зайдес, Семен, Semen Zaides, И. Бобровский, I. Bobrovsky, Ван Фам, and Van Fam. "Impact of local deformation kinematics upon stressed state of surface layer." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2019, no. 5 (May 19, 2019): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5ca3030a5bfe86.87759559.

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A kinematics of a deforming tool motion for stress-strain state changes in the point of an elastic-plastic deformation and residual stresses increase at surface plastic deformation is developed. The results of a loading process computer simulation under different conditions of a deforming tool contact with a part which give a possibility to increase the effectiveness of a new method of the finishing-strengthening of orbital surface plastic deformation are shown.
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Немировский, Я. Б., И. В. Шепеленко, С. Е. Шейкин, Ю. А. Цеханов, Ф. Й. Златопольский, О. И. Попова, and М. И. Попова. "DESIGN FEATURES OF CARBIDE ASSEMBLY WORKING ELEMENTS OF DEFORMING BROACHES." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 4 (October 20, 2021): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.17.4.019.

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Разработан алгоритм и проведена оценка прочности сборных твердосплавных элементов со сплошной и дискретной рабочими поверхностями. Получены зависимости, позволяющие установить связь между конструктивными параметрами сборных деформирующих инструментов и их прочностью. Выполнены прочностные расчеты деформирующего инструмента для обработки отверстий значительного диаметра со сплошной и дискретной рабочими поверхностями. Численным моделированием, методом конечных элементов получены распределения эквивалентных напряжений в элементах инструмента и контактных напряжений по поверхности контакта твердосплавная вставка-корпус, что позволило проанализировать прочность инструмента под нагрузкой. Определены конструктивные параметры инструмента и приведены алгоритмы последовательности расчета сборных деформирующих элементов (ДЭ). Разработан алгоритм последовательности расчета сборного ДЭ для дискретного протягивания. Предложенная конструкция сборного рабочего элемента позволяет не только улучшить обрабатываемость изделия резания, но и уменьшить расход остродефицитного твердого сплава по сравнению с твердосплавным ДЭ аналогичных размеров на 6 кг. Полученные результаты можно использовать в инженерных расчетах при проектировании сборного инструмента для дискретного деформирования, а также для оценки прочности сборных инструментов, например, фрез, зенкеров, разверток при уточнении внешних нагрузок We developed an algorithm and assessed the strength of prefabricated carbide elements with solid and discrete working surfaces. We obtained dependencies that make it possible to establish a relationship between the design parameters of prefabricated deforming tools and their strength. We performed strength calculations of the deforming tool for machining holes of significant diameter with solid and discrete working surfaces. We obtained the distributions of equivalent stresses in the elements of the tool and contact stresses over the contact surface of the hard-alloy insert - body by numerical modeling, by the finite element method, which made it possible to analyze the strength of the tool under load. We determined the design parameters of the tool and here we give algorithms for the sequence of calculation of prefabricated deforming elements (DE). We developed an algorithm for the sequence of calculating the prefabricated DE for discrete broaching. The proposed design of the prefabricated working element allows not only to improve the machinability of the cutting product but also to reduce the consumption of an acutely deficient hard alloy in comparison with a hard alloy DE of similar dimensions by 6 kg. The results obtained can be used in engineering calculations when designing a prefabricated tool for discrete deformation, as well as for assessing the strength of prefabricated tools, for example, cutters, countersinks, reamers when specifying external loads
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5

Gogaev, K. A., and V. I. Ul’shin. "Determination of the temperature range for deforming powder tool steels." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 43, no. 11-12 (November 2004): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-005-0022-5.

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6

Rutkevych, Volodymyr, and Vitaliy Kushnir. "CALCULATION ON THE STRENGTH OF DEFORMING ELEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FIRMWARE STRUCTURES FOR ULTRASOUND PROCESSING." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 2(101) (June 29, 2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2021-2-15.

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The possibility of increasing the efficiency and expanding the technological capabilities of the process of deforming drawing, by studying the contact phenomena and force characteristics of the process of deforming drawing (flashing) with the imposition of ultrasonic vibrations on the tool. The main advantages of deforming drawing with application of ultrasound are noted, among which it is necessary to allocate considerable decrease in force parameters of process, reduction of level of residual stresses, increase of accuracy of the processed details. Also, the application of ultrasound allows you to process parts made of metal and alloys, the processing of which in normal conditions is impossible and requires special techniques. It is noted that it is not possible to use known designs of broaches and firmware when flashing with the application of ultrasonic vibrations, because the firmware must have all the dimensions related to the acoustic parameters and the deforming element must be placed on the mandrel with tension to create good acoustic contact between the mandrel and the element. Prefabricated deforming firmware for processing holes with the imposition of longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations has been developed and a method for calculating their deforming elements for strength has been proposed. The performed calculations showed that the calculated stresses differ from the allowable ones by no more than 15-20 %. From the above calculations it is seen that the deforming element can be destroyed, both under the action of the working load in the process of flashing, and under the action of thermal stresses after the exit of the element from the machined hole. This difference in the results of research can be explained by the fact that the order of tensile strength is a value that has a large scattering zone and in different studies it is different. The results of research on the strength of deforming elements can be used in engineering calculations in the design of prefabricated tools for drawing holes with ultrasound.
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7

Zaides, S. A., Quan Minh Ho, and Nghia Duc Mai. "Effect of the sector radius of a workpiece-deforming tool on the stress-strain state in the contact zone with a cylindrical surface." iPolytech Journal 25, no. 6 (January 11, 2022): 696–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-6-696-707.

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This paper aims to determine the effect of the sector radius of a workpiece-deforming tool on the stress-strain state in the center of elastoplastic deformation and residual stresses in the hardened zone of the surface layer of cylindrical workpieces. A mathematical model of local loading was constructed using the finite element method and AN-SYS software. This model was used to determine the values of temporary and residual stresses and deformations, as well as the depth of plastic zone, depending on the sector radius of the working tool. The simulation results showed that, under the same loading of a cylindrical surface, working tools with different sector radii create different maximum tempo-rary and residual stresses. An assessment of the stress state was carried out for situations when the surface layer of a product is treated by workpiece-deforming tools with a different shape of the working edge. It was shown that, compared to a flat tool, a decrease in the radius of the working sector from 125 to 25 mm leads to an increase in the maximum temporary and residual stresses by 1.2–1.5 times, while the plastic zone depth increases by 1.5–2.4 times. The use of a working tool with a flat surface for hardening a cylindrical workpiece ensures minimal temporary residual stresses, com-pared to those produced by a working tool with a curved surface. A decrease in the radius of the working sector leads to an increase in temporary residual stresses by 2–7%. The plastic zone depth ranges from 1.65 to 2.55 mm when chang-ing the sector radius of the working tool.
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8

Blumenstein, Valeriy, and Vladimir Kukareko. "Structural Transformations in the Surface Layer During Multiradius Deforming Tool Processing." Metal Working and Material Science 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2018-20.2-75-86.

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9

Kurenkov, A. S., I. M. Sinev, S. A. Gavrilov, and A. V. Shchedrin. "Design of tool with spherical deforming elements for machining long blanks." Russian Engineering Research 35, no. 11 (November 2015): 835–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x15110118.

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10

Nguyen, Nam Thanh, Cuong Van Vo, Dien Khanh Le, and Sy Van Le. "A CALCULATION FOR COMPENSATING THE ERRORS DUE TO SPRINGBACK WHEN FORMING METAL SHEET BY SINGLE POINT INCREMENTAL FORMING (SPIF)." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2131.

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The question of compensating for the error of dimension due to springback phenomenon when forming metal sheet by SPIF method is being one of the challenges that the researchers of SPIF in the world trying to solve. This paper is only a recommendation that is based on the macro analysis of a sheet metal forming model when machining by SPIF method for calculating a reasonable recompensated feeding that almost all researchers have not been interested in yet: - Considering the metal sheet workpiece is elasto-plastic and the sphere tool tip is elastic, the authors attempt to calculate for compensating the error of dimension due to elastic deforming of the tool tip. - The metal sheet is clamped by a cantilever joint that has an evident sinking at the machiningarea that is also calculated to add to the compensating feeding value. The paper also studies the limited force for ensuring the elastic deforming at these working area of the sheet to eliminate all theunexpected plastic deforming of the sheet. With two small but novel contributions, this study can help to take theoretical model for elastic forming of metal sheet closer to real situation.
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11

Yun, Xin Bing, Xu Chen, Ying Zhao, Zhi Xin Fan, and Bao Yun Song. "Effect of the Die and Tool Structure on Continuous Extrusion Expansion Forming of Copper ." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.196.

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Continuous extrusion expansion deforming is an advanced forming process for manufacturing copper bus-bar, die and tool structure is important effect factor of deformation. Based on the characteristics of the forming process, the model of rigid-plastic finite element (FE) on DEFORMT is established and the numerical simulation of continuous extrusion expansion forming process of the copper bus-bar is carried, The metal flow regularity and the mean-square deviation of velocity (SDV) with the different structure of expansion chamber and port hole and die assembled pattern is analyzed. The result show that when using the drum expansion chamber, the trapezium of port hole without transition surface and the die fitted in reverse, the variance of flow velocity is the minimum and deformation is the most homgeneous, the SDV is 0.62. The simulation results provide a theoretical direction for optimization design of die and tool structure of the continuous extrusion expansion forming. Keywords: copper bus-bar, continuous extrusion expansion deforming, die and tool structure optimization, numerical simulation
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12

Attanasio, Aldo, Elisabetta Ceretti, Antonio Fiorentino, Luca Mazzoni, and Claudio Giardini. "Experimental Tests to Study Feasibility and Formability in Incremental Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.391.

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This paper deals with Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF), a sheet metal forming process, that knew a wide development in the last years. It consists of a simple hemispherical tool that, moving along a defined path by means of either a CNC machine or a robot or a self designed device, locally deforms a metal sheet. A lot of experimental and simulative researches have been conducted in this field with different aims: to study the sheet formability and part feasibility as a function of the process parameters; to define models able to forecast the final sheet thickness as a function of the drawing angle and tool path strategy; to understand how the sheet deforms and how formability limits can be defined. Nowadays, a lot of these topics are still open. In this paper, the results obtained from an experimental campaign performed to study sheet formability and final part feasibility are reported. The ISF tests were conducted deforming FeP04 deep drawing steel sheet 0.8 mm thick and analyzing the influence of the tool path strategy and of the adopted ISF technique (Single Point Incremental Forming Vs. Two Points Incremental Forming). The part feasibility and formability were evaluated considering final sheet thickness, geometrical errors of the final part, maximum wall angle and depth at which the sheet breaks. Moreover, process forces measurements were carried out by means of a specific device developed by the Authors, allowing to obtain important information about the load acting on the deforming device and necessary for deforming sheet.
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Volokitin, Andrey, Irina Volokitina, and Evgeniy Panin. "New Die Design for High-Pressure Torsion." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o79fv4.

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A special design of the die was developed, which allows to implement the process of severe plastic deformation by high pressure torsion to deform ring blanks, which will be the starting material for creating high-strength piston rings. A special feature of the die design is the provision of torsion of the deforming tool with constant rectilinear movement of the press punch due to the composite deforming tool, which includes both displacement and rotation blocks. Using the obtained geometry, computer simulation of this process in the Deform program was performed in order to assess the possibility of a stable process flow. AISI-316 austenitic stainless steel was chosen as the material of the billet. The resulting strain force on the first two cycles was considered. On the first cycle, the force was equal to 464 kN, on the second cycle the force value was about 1200 kN. The obtained values are quite adequate, which indicates the possibility of multi-cycle deformation.
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14

Trofimov, V. N., T. V. Kuznetsova, D. S. Anishchuk, A. V. Eseneev, and M. G. Shtutsa. "Optimal geometry of the channel of the drawing tool when deforming bimetallic composites." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 55, no. 1 (January 2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1067821214010167.

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15

VLADIMIROV, A. A., A. N. AFONIN, A. V. MAKAROV, and E. G. KABULOVA. "FORMATION OF A REGULAR MICRO-RELIEF ON THE SURFACE OF PARTS BY IRONING WITH THE SUPERVISION OF LOW-FREQUENCY PENDULUM VIBRATIONS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 6 (2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-344-6-45-50.

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The article is devoted to the possibilities. of using low-frequency tangential oscillations of the pendulum type for imposing a deforming tool on the top to form a regular microrelief on the surface of the part. The diagram of the trajectory of tangential oscillations of the tool is presented. A scheme for calculating the values of two components of low-frequency tangential oscillations is presented. The graphic models of surfaces obtained by modeling burnishing using tangential vibrations are presented.
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16

Chochua, Gocha, and Thomas A. Soulas. "Numerical Modeling of Rotordynamic Coefficients for Deliberately Roughened Stator Gas Annular Seals." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 2 (October 20, 2006): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2647531.

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A method is proposed for computations of rotordynamic coefficients of deliberately roughened stator gas annular seals using computational fluid dynamics. The method is based on a transient analysis with deforming mesh. Frequency-dependent direct and cross-coupled rotordynamic coefficients are determined as a response to an assigned rotor surface periodic motion. The obtained numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the available test data and one-dimensional tool predictions. The method can be used as a research tool or as a virtual annular seal test rig for seal design and optimization.
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17

Asakawa, Naoki, and Hidetake Tanaka. "Development of a Forging-Type Rapid Prototyping System (Tool Path Generation Considering Deformation Process)." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 6 (November 5, 2010): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0530.

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This study deals with the development of a CAM system that considers the deforming process for a forgingtype rapid prototyping system. An industrial robot that has high degrees of freedom is employed to handle the hammering unit. A special CAM system suitable for the hammering work is developed using parametric curve interpolation. The tool path is generated considering continuity in order to avoid fracture or breakage. Using the system, metal hammering experiments are carried out. The system successfully shaped workpieces according to the generated path. The experimental results confirm the ability of the system to improve, owing to the parametric curve interpolation, forming properties.
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18

Giardini, Claudio, Elisabetta Ceretti, and Aldo Attanasio. "Further Experimental Investigations and FEM Model Development in Sheet Incremental Forming." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.501.

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Sheet Incremental Forming (SIF) is a modern technique that deforms the sheet on a positive or negative die using a simple punch mounted on a general purpose CNC machine. Several working parameters (tool path, spiral width and tool depth) have been studied in previous papers [1, 2] analyzing their influence on a simple part when working AISI 304 or Cu DHP sheets. The main problem was to study the process feasibility, that is, the possibility of correctly deforming the pieces without breaking them. The research reported here has been focused mainly on other two important variables, studying their influence on the final part quality: the punch diameter and its velocity when deforming the sheet. Surface roughness and minimum thickness of the deformed sheet have been chosen as parameters for analyzing and evaluating the process efficiency. In FEM analysis, a simulation model was developed and implemented considering Cu DHP sheet. The comparison with experimental results was used to validate the simulation model and to identify the most suitable simulation parameter values (friction coefficient between various elements and blank holder force). The developed and validated model can be used for studying the process optimization. The results obtained in this paper can also be used as guidelines for the correct design of Sheet Incremental Forming process.
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19

Dawson, Paul R., Donald E. Boyce, Geoffrey M. Eggert, and Armand J. Beaudoin. "A consistent penalty method for contact between a deforming viscoplastic workpiece and a rigid tool." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38, no. 23 (December 15, 1995): 3969–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620382305.

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20

Wilson, William R. D. "Friction Models for Metal Forming in the Boundary Lubrication Regime." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903383.

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Wilson and Shen’s semi-empirical equation for the effective hardness of a plastically deforming workpiece is used to develop models for tool-workpiece friction in metal-forming processes operating in the boundary lubrication regime. The models treat both steady and unsteady conditions and include the influence of tooling and workpiece topography, sliding speed, interface pressure, and workpiece strain rate on friction. Simplified models are suggested for conditions typical of bulk forming and sheet-metal forming processes.
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21

Grechnikov, F. V., S. V. Surudin, Ya A. Erisov, and R. De Alvarenga. "State of the art of theory and technology of incremental forming." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2021-20-3-119-137.

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On the basis of the literature review carried out, the article assesses the current state and development trends of the theory and technology of incremental forming a promising technological process for rapid prototyping of parts from sheet blanks. The basics of the process and the equipment for its implementation, the mechanism of deformation during incremental forming are described. The developed solution for exporting the trajectory of the deforming tool from the CAM to the CAE system is described.
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22

Kaliuzhnyi, Volodymyr, and Olexandr Yarmolenko. "Application of a Special Profile Deforming Tool for Intensification of the Extrusion Process in Radial Matrixes." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 88, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2020.88.204641.

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23

Malinovskii, Yu A., A. D. Uchitel’, V. P. Lyalyuk, G. V. Danilina, and D. P. Vlasenkov. "Parametric Analysis of Frictional Self-Oscillations during the Interaction of a Deforming Tool with the Billet." Steel in Translation 51, no. 1 (January 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091221010083.

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24

Alberts, Bas, Anneleen Oyen, and Pieter van Waarden. "An InSAR based planning tool for maintaining the Dutch height system." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-25-2020.

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Abstract. The Dutch height system, called Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP), is realized purely trough leveling between designated benchmarks. In a cycle of 10 years secondary NAP benchmarks, generally located in buildings and civil engineering structures, are surveyed to provide actual and reliable heights. However, leveling campaigns are very labor-intensive and take a lot a of time, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, the planning of secondary leveling is based on limited prior knowledge. Instead of yearly leveling of each bench mark within a region, the strategy could be optimized such that deforming areas are visited more often and stable areas less. Trends estimated from historical NAP data could be used, but these provide insufficient information about stability and reliability of published heights. Therefore we propose to use a nationwide deformation map derived from InSAR satellite data to optimize the planning of the secondary leveling campaigns. By using InSAR deformations combined with information of the NAP benchmarks such as measurement date, type and location, a planning tool has been developed. The first targeted leveling of NAP benchmarks using this tool is planned for 2020.
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Taras, І. P., and T. O. Pryhorovska. "Study on geometric features of conical threads." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 1(48) (June 29, 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2020-1(48)-16-22.

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The article studies the problem of oil/gas pipe conical thread reinforcement; in particular, the geometrical fundamentals for tool design for reinforcement. The article considers the main types of conical threads for pipes used in oil/gas industry. It was determined, that to obtain initial data for tools, used to reinforce thread crest and flank, it is necessary to consider conical threads not only as helical lines, but also as helicoid surfaces, to determine what helicoid parameters make the thread conical and obtain relations for the calculation of these geometric parameters. The authors determined geometrical parameters of conical threads and design parameters to develop rollers with deformed protrusions for simultaneous reinforcement of aforementioned thread crests and flank to improve tools for their frictional reinforcement. It was stated, that contrary to cylindrical threads, helicoid’s angles of inclination, which form conical threads, differ not only by the angle of inclination to the plane normal to their axes, but also by the values. The study of conical thread geometrical features refers to a cylindrical one allows to use these features in the design or improvement of tools for its manufacture and/or reinforcement. This approach allows improving the tools for frictional reinforcement of conical locking threads by modifying the lateral deforming elements. It makes possible to simplify tool manufacture, increase tool durability, reinforce the conical thread surface, and improve the quality, performance and economy of the conical thread frictional reinforcement.
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Lamprecht, Sebastian, Johannes Stoffels, and Thomas Udelhoven. "ALS as Tool to Study Preferred Stem Inclination Directions." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 3744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223744.

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Although gravitropism forces trees to grow vertically, stems have shown to prefer specific orientations. Apart from wind deforming the tree shape, lateral light can result in prevailing inclination directions. In recent years a species dependent interaction between gravitropism and phototropism, resulting in trunks leaning down-slope, has been confirmed, but a terrestrial investigation of such factors is limited to small scale surveys. ALS offers the opportunity to investigate trees remotely. This study shall clarify whether ALS detected tree trunks can be used to identify prevailing trunk inclinations. In particular, the effect of topography, wind, soil properties and scan direction are investigated empirically using linear regression models. 299.000 significantly inclined stems were investigated. Species-specific prevailing trunk orientations could be observed. About 58% of the inclination and 19% of the orientation could be explained by the linear models, while the tree species, tree height, aspect and slope could be identified as significant factors. The models indicate that deciduous trees tend to lean down-slope, while conifers tend to lean leeward. This study has shown that ALS is suitable to investigate the trunk orientation on larger scales. It provides empirical evidence for the effect of phototropism and wind on the trunk orientation.
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27

Budyak, Ruslan. "PROCESSING OF GILLS OF POWER CYLINDERS BY HYDROCYSTALS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(104) (June 27, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-1-10.

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The progressive process of processing deep openings of machine parts type sleeves on the basis of combined deformation - cutting forecasting is described. It has been shown that the optimal variant of the shell aperture processing is deformation - cutting stretching. During the work of the deforming part of the tool, the structural and low-alloyed plastic steels receive cold deformation strengthening. This reduces the intensity of build-up during cutting and improves the handling of the latter. A model of the interrelation of phenomena when cutting metal strengthened by cold deformation was constructed. The new construction of a combined deformation - a cutting tool for processing cylinder liners of hydraulic cylinders, as a power executive body of agricultural machinery hydrosystems, was developed and tested in production conditions.
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28

Kalchenko, Volodimyr, Andrij Yeroshenko, Sergiy Boyko, and Nataliia Sira. "Determination of Cutting Forces in Grinding with Crossed Axes of Tool and Workpiece." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0009.

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Abstract In the work the analysis of existent methods of determination of local and general forces of cutting at polishing of surfaces with a type as the arc of circumference is given. The dependence for determination of speed polishing and method for determination of thickness of the cut away layer on condition of equality of the tricked into and taken off volumes of material are offered. The method of determination of cutting forces, which takes into account cutting and deforming grain, is suggested. The method of determining the thickness of a cutting layer of one of the cutting edge, from the condition that the volume of material that is brought and is cut in each local point of contact spots has been proposed. The proposed method takes into account the compliance of the processing system and the discontinuity of the abrasive surface of the tool. By experimental way upper limits of thickness cutting layer when using different abrasive materials for a wide range of cutting speeds have been obtained.
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29

Matsumoto, Ryo, Harutaka Sakaguchi, Masaaki Otsu, and Hiroshi Utsunomiya. "Friction Stir Powder Incremental Forming for Fabrication of Sandwich-Structured Composite of Open-Cell Nickel Foam with Aluminum." Defect and Diffusion Forum 414 (February 24, 2022): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-y07tfb.

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To fabricate sandwich-structure composite of porous metal with nonporous surface layer, the nonporous skin layer was formed on surface of open-cell type nickel foam from aluminum powder by friction stir powder incremental forming (FSPIF) process. In this process, the surface pores of the foam were filled with the powder, then the powder and the cellular matrix near the surface of the foam were incrementally hammered by a rod-shaped tool without rotation. After that, the hammered surface of the foam was incrementally stirred by the tool at a very high rotation rate. The formed skin layer was composed of two layers; the friction stirred layer (relative density: above 0.90) in the upper part and the compact layer (relative density: 0.60–0.90) in the lower part. The friction stirred layer with a maximum thickness of 0.8 mm was formed on the surface of the foam without deforming the cellular matrix of the inside of the foam under the forming conditions; a tool rotation rate of 8000 rpm, a tool feed rate of 60 mm/min, a tool pushing pitch of 0.1 mm, and a total forming depth of 5.0 mm.
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30

Ostasevicius, Vytautas, Darius Eidukynas, Vytautas Jurenas, Ieva Paleviciute, Marius Gudauskis, and Valdas Grigaliunas. "Investigation of Advanced Robotized Polymer Sheet Incremental Forming Process." Sensors 21, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 7459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227459.

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The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of inexpensively producing small-batch polymer sheet components using robotized single point incremental forming (SPIF) without backing plate support. An innovative method of thermal and ultrasound assisted deformation of a polymer sheet is proposed using a tool with a sphere mounted in a ring-shaped magnetic holder, the friction of which with the tool holder is reduced by ultrasound, and the heating is performed by a laser. The heated tool moving on the sheet surface locally increases the plasticity of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer in the contact zone with less deforming force does not reducing the stiffness of the polymer around the tool contact area and eliminating the need for a backing plate. The free 3D rotating ball also changes the slip of the tool on the surface of the polymer sheet by the rolling, thereby improving the surface quality of the product. The finite element method (FEM) allowed the virtual evaluation of the deformation parameters of the SPIF. Significant process parameters were found, and the behavior of the heated polymer sheet was determined.
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31

Fiorentino, Antonio, G. C. Feriti, Elisabetta Ceretti, C. Giardini, C. M. G. Bort, and P. Bosetti. "Development of Tool Path Correction Algorithm in Incremental Sheet Forming." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.382.

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The problem of obtaining sound parts by Incremental Sheet Forming is still a relevant issue, despite the numerous efforts spent in improving the toolpath planning of the deforming punch in order to compensate for the dimensional and geometrical part errors related to springback and punch movement. Usually, the toolpath generation strategy takes into account the variation of the toolpath itself for obtaining the desired final part with reduced geometrical errors. In the present paper, a correction algorithm is used to iteratively correct the part geometry on the basis of the measured parts and on the calculation of the error defined as the difference between the actual and the nominal part geometries. In practice, the part geometry is used to generate a first trial toolpath, and the form error distribution of the resulting part is used for modifying the nominal part geometry and, then, generating a new, improved toolpath. This procedure gets iterated until the error distribution becomes less than a specified value, corresponding to the desired part tolerance. The correction algorithm was implemented in software and used with the results of FEM simulations. In particular, with few iterations it was possible to reduce the geometrical error to less than 0.4 mm in the Incremental Sheet Forming process of an Al asymmetric part, with a resulting accuracy good enough for both prototyping and production processes.
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32

Wang, Yu Lin, Na Jin, Kai Liao, Rui Jin Guo, and Hu Tian Feng. "Analysis and Optimization of the Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Head Frame." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2055.

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The head frame is a key component which plays a supportive and accommodative role in the spindle system of CNC machine tool. Improving the static and dynamic characteristics has profound significance to the development of machine tool and product performance. The simplified finite element modal is established with ANSYS to carry out the static and modal analysis. The results showed that the maximum deformation of the head frame was 0.0066mm, the maximum stress was 3.94Mpa, the deformation of most region was no more than 0.0007mm, which all verified that the head frame had a good stiffness and deforming resistance; several improvement measures for dynamic performance were also proposed by analyzing the mode shapes, and the 1st order natural frequency increased 7.33% while the head frame mass only increased 1.58% applying the optimal measure, which improved the dynamic characteristics of the head frame effectively.
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33

Davoodi, Behnam, Mohammad Reza Eslami, and Gholam Hassan Payganeh. "Determination of Mechanical Behavior of AA5083 Alloy under Machining Conditions, Applicable in Metal Cutting Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1507.

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As respects of usage of widespread machining procedures in producing industrial pieces, optimization of this procedure is one of most subject that attract researchers intrest. Finite element analysis based techniques are available to simulate cutting processes and offer several advantages including prediction of tool forces, distribution of stresses and temperatures, estimation of tool wear and residual stresses on machined surfaces, optimization of cutting tool geometry and cutting conditions. Success and reliability of numerical models are heavily dependent upon work material flow stress models in function of strain, strain rate and temperatures. In this paper Johnson-Cook material law, owing to its simplicity, has been used for simulating of Aluminum Alloy AA5083. The model parameters are determined by fitting the data from both quasi-static compression tests at law strain rates and machining tests at high strain rates. For calculating deforming parameters in machining being used analytical theory of Oxley. After getting result from the equation, its accuracy being checked either in compression tests or in machining tests by simulation with abaqus software.
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34

Li, Bin. "FEM Simulation Analysis of Cross Wedge Rolling Process." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.72.

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This paper investigates the interfacial slip between the forming tool and workpiece in a relatively new metal forming process, cross-wedge rolling. Based on the finite elements method, three-dimensional mechanical model of cross wedge rolling process has been developed. Examples of numerical simulation for strain, stress distributions and rolling load components have been included. The main advantages of the finite element method are: the capability of obtaining detailed solutions of the mechanics in a deforming body, namely, stresses, shapes, strains or contact pressure distributions; and the computer codes, can be used for a large variety of problems by simply changing the input data.
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35

Muhamed Banimansoor, Abdullah Jassim, and Longhai Zhang. "Petrifying Impact of Capitalism in Philip Roth’s The Human Stain." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 02 (2022): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i02.007.

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This study sheds light on impact of capitalism on American society and how it enforces racial discrimination to subject the majority of people and use them as a commodity in the hands of fewer as portrayed in Philip Roth’s The Human Stain. This article also attempts to focus on the effect of war on society as capitalist’s tool. It raises a question as to what extent capitalism is successful in deforming the American society. It aims to reveal the role of capitalism in planting social discrimination in American society. It also discusses the atmosphere of racial discrimination at the time of writing this article.
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36

Kaljuzhnyj, V. L., and V. V. Pimanov. "Cold extrusion with differentiated counter-pressure of die cavities." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-2 (March 20, 2013): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67982.

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The article describes the engineering method to obtain the correlation for the determination of stresses on the contact surfaces of the workpiece and the tool, the efforts of the extrusion of cavities by spherical die. It shows numerical simulations made ​​on computer simulation by the finite element method on examples of extrusion by spherical die of billets made of R6M5 (Р6М5) steel under the action of counter-pressure on the free surface of the workpiece. The paper contains the definition of the maximum counter-pressure through simulation that provides extrusion without destruction and the efforts of the processes, the distribution of stresses in the deforming tool and the stress-strain state, the degree of resource use of metal plasticity, as well as the final product dimensions. The article contains a description of the experiment on the extrusion billets of steel R6M5 (Р6М5) spherical die.
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37

Tovsteleva, A. I. "Technical and economic advantages of using elongating mandrel made of forged blank when rolling on a continuous mill with a controlled‑movable mandrel." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2021-4-55-58.

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In the article, the current problem of reducing the cost of pipe‑rolling products, which is especially acute in the world market of metal products high competition conditions is considered. A significant share in the cost of pipe products stands at the cost of rolling tools. Reducing the cost of buying a deforming tool allows you to make considerable savings in the seamless pipes’ production. The article presents: analysis of the economic efficiency of manufacturing long cylindrical mandrels from a semi‑finished product – forged billet at OJSC «BSW – management company of «BMC» holding»; development of the technological process for the production of long mandrels depending on the required size; the results on the manufacture of long cylindrical mandrels from forged billet at OJSC «BSW – management company of «BMC» holding», as well as their industrial tests in the conditions of the pipe rolling shop. A positive result of using long mandrels of the PQF mill made of forged blanks was obtained.
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38

Pietzka, Daniel, Nooman Ben Khalifa, Lorenzo Donati, Luca Tomesani, and A. Erman Tekkaya. "Extrusion Benchmark 2009 Experimental Analysis of Deflection in Extrusion Dies." Key Engineering Materials 424 (December 2009): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.424.19.

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In this paper experimental investigations aimed at measuring the die deformations during aluminum extrusion process is presented and discussed. A two-holes die generating two U-shape profiles with different supporting legs was produced and tested under strictly monitored conditions. The influence of die deformation on the speed, temperature distribution and distortion of the two profiles is reported and analyzed. AA6082 alloy was used as deforming material while H-13 hot-work tool steel was selected as die material. The experiments were repeated at least three times in the same conditions in order to achieve a statistical distribution of the acquired data: such data are then used as a reference for the 2009 edition of the extrusion benchmark.
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39

Kim, Kwang-Y., and Qigang Wu. "A Comparison Study of EOF Techniques: Analysis of Nonstationary Data with Periodic Statistics." Journal of Climate 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-12.1.185.

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Abstract Identification of independent physical/dynamical modes and corresponding principal component time series is an important aspect of climate studies for they serve as a tool for detecting and predicting climate changes. While there are a number of different eigen techniques their performance for identifying independent modes varies. Considered here are comparison tests of eight eigen techniques in identifying independent patterns from a dataset. A particular emphasis is given to cyclostationary processes such as deforming and moving patterns with cyclic statistics. Such processes are fairly common in climatology and geophysics. Two eigen techniques that are based on the cyclostationarity assumption—cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and periodically extended EOFs—perform better in identifying moving and deforming patterns than techniques based on the stationarity assumption. Application to a tropical Pacific surface temperature field indicates that the first dominant pattern and the corresponding principal component (PC) time series are consistent among different techniques. The second mode and the PC time series, however, are not very consistent from one another with hints of significant modal mixing and splitting in some of derived patterns. There also is a detailed difference of intraannual scale between PC time series of a stationary technique and those of a cyclostationary one. This may bear an important implication on the predictability of El Niño. Clearly there is a choice of eigen technique for improved predictability.
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40

Krechetov, Andrey, and Kristina Mitrofanova. "The Study of Multiradius Roller Running Process." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929705003.

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The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the surface of the sample of steel 45 after surface plastic deformation (SPD) with multi-radius roller (MR-roller) is shown. The goal of this study is to expand the technological capabilities of the method of SPD through the use of a new design of the deforming tool developed at the Department of Engineering Technology of KuzSTU. The advantage of the MR-roller (Patent RU № 2557377) over the traditional tool for SPD (single-radius roller) is the possibility of creating a large hydrostatic pressure in the deformation zone, without destroying the surface layer of the processed material. The research technique included finite element modeling (FEM), microhardness measurement, metallographic studies of the sample structure. As a result of the study, some regularities of the process of hardening by a multi-radius tool with high hydrostatic pressure and a large number of quasi-monotonic deformation sites were revealed. The results indicate a significant hardening without metal destruction and the formation of nanoscale grains, which allows to improve the properties of rolled products in the application of high operating loads.
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41

Dudkina, N. G., and V. N. Arisova. "Surface layer of 40Kh steel after electromechanical treatment with dynamic force impact." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 4 (June 4, 2021): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-4-259-265.

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The paper presents the results of complex studies of the structure, microhardness and depth of the hardened surface layer of 40Kh steel formed as a result of electromechanical treatment with dynamic application of a deforming force (EMT with impact). The research was carried out using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microhardness methods. The method of electromechanical treatment with dynamic force impact consisted in simultaneous transmission of electric current pulses and deforming force through the contact zone of the tool with the part. As a result of shock-thermal effects with different current densities (j = 100 A/mm2; 300 A/mm2; 600 A/mm2), segments of the hardened layer of different sizes and structure composition are formed on the steel surface in cross-section. Analysis of structural and phase transformations in the surface layer of 40Kh steel subjected to dynamic electromechanical treatment indicates the formation of a specific structure of the white layer, the structure and properties close to the amorphous state of the metal with a maximum hardness HV = 8.0 – 8.5 GPa. As you move away from the surface, a transition zone is formed behind the segment of the white layer with a structure that does not have the characteristic needle structure of martensite. It was found that with an increase in the current density during shock electromechanical treatment, the depth of hardening increases by 4 – 5 times with a simultaneous increase in the heterogeneity of strength properties; the level of micro-stresses increases by 25 %. Experimental data on the structural state, microhardness and depth of the surface layer of 40Kh steel show that electromechanical treatment with dynamic (shock) application of the deforming force causes deeper transformations in the steel structure compared to traditional static EMT. The results obtained show that as a result of electro-mechanical processing with impact, the intensity of the temperature-force effect on the steel surface layer increases, which allows you to open the internal reserves of 40Kh steel and control the process of forming its structure and phase states.
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42

Xu, Yu Hang, and Chang Wu Liu. "Application and Research on the Model of Saturated-Unsaturated Porous Material Coupling Hydro-Thermal-Mechanical Process." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1559.

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The study of hydro-thermal-mechanical process coupling in unsaturated porous material is very important due to its close relationship with environmental geomechanics engineering. The model established upon the deforming porous material mechanics is analyzed in this study. This model takes into consideration the phase change and heat effects. Four balance equations associated with four state variables including gas pressure, capillary pressure, temperature and displacement are imposed. Besides, the governing equations are discretized with the selected Galerkin method and the program has been developed. Using this program simulates two experiments, which representing the saturated non-isothermal consolidation phenomenon and rainfall experiment respectively. The results revealed that this multi-field coupled model is a useful tool to analyze the porous material that coupled with hydro-thermal-mechanical process.
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43

Khan, Noor Zaman, Dhruv Bajaj, Arshad Noor Siddiquee, Zahid A. Khan, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Usama Umer, and Hisham Alkhalefah. "Investigation on Effect of Strain Rate and Heat Generation on Traverse Force in FSW of Dissimilar Aerospace Grade Aluminium Alloys." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101641.

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The emergence of the aerospace sector requires efficient joining of aerospace grade aluminium alloys. For large-scale industrial practices, achievement of optimum friction stir welding (FSW) parameters is chiefly aimed at obtaining maximum strain rate in deforming material with least application of traverse force on the tool pin. Exact computation of strain rate is not possible due to complex and unexposed material flow kinematics. Estimation using micro-structural evolution serves as one of the very few methods applicable to analyze the yet unmapped interdependence of strain rate and traverse force. Therefore, the present work assessed strain rate in the stir zone using Zener Holloman parameter. The maximum and minimum strain rates of 6.95 and 0.31 s−1 were obtained for highest and least traverse force, respectively.
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44

Tang, J. L., H. Y. Liu, M. H. Gui, and J. Y. Tang. "SVR-Based Predictive Model for 2519 Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 719 (November 2016): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.719.41.

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For 2519 aluminum alloy, there are very complex nonlinear relations among the thermal dynamical parameters in the process of deforming. In this paper, the support vector regression (SVR) approach is proposed to establish a model for predicting flow stress of 2519 alloy base on the flows tress experimental data of 2519 aluminum alloy under two influential factors, including strain and strain rate. Research showed that the prediction precision of SVR model is high enough: the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.181, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.434%, root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.22, multiple correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.998. This research suggests that SVR is an effective and powerful tool for predicting the flow stress of 2519 aluminum alloy.
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45

KOUMOUTSAKOS, PETROS, BASIL BAYATI, FLORIAN MILDE, and GERARDO TAURIELLO. "PARTICLE SIMULATIONS OF MORPHOGENESIS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 21, supp01 (April 2011): 955–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820251100543x.

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The simulation of the creation and evolution of biological forms requires the development of computational methods that are capable of resolving their hierarchical, spatial and temporal complexity. Computations based on interacting particles, provide a unique computational tool for discrete and continuous descriptions of morphogenesis of systems ranging from the molecular to the organismal level. The capabilities of particle methods hinge on the simplicity of their formulation which enables the formulation of a unifying computational framework encompassing deterministic and stochastic models. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in particle methods for the simulation of biological systems at the mesoscopic and the macroscale level. We present results from applications of particle methods including reaction–diffusion on deforming surfaces, deterministic and stochastic descriptions of tumor growth and angiogenesis and discuss successes and challenges of this approach.
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46

Brunel, Camille, Pierre Bénard, Gaël Guennebaud, and Pascal Barla. "A Time-independent Deformer for Elastic-rigid Contacts." Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 3, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3384539.

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We introduce a new tool that assists artists in deforming an elastic object when it comes in intersection with a rigid one. As opposed to methods that rely on time-resolved simulations, our approach is entirely based on time-independent geometric operators. It thus restarts from scratch at every frame from a pair of objects in intersection and works in two stages: the intersected regions are first matched and a contact region is identified on the rigid object; the elastic object is then deformed to match the contact while producing plausible bulge effects with controllable volume preservation. Our direct deformation approach brings several advantages to 3D animators: it provides instant feedback, permits non-linear editing, allows for the replicability of the deformation in different settings, and grants control over exaggerated or stylized bulging effects.
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47

Nicolas, Jan-David, Johannes Hagemann, Michael Sprung, and Tim Salditt. "The optical stretcher as a tool for single-particle X-ray imaging and diffraction." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 4 (June 14, 2018): 1196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518006574.

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For almost half a century, optical tweezers have successfully been used to micromanipulate micrometre and sub-micrometre-sized particles. However, in recent years it has been shown experimentally that, compared with single-beam traps, the use of two opposing and divergent laser beams can be more suitable in studying the elastic properties of biological cells and vesicles. Such a configuration is termed an optical stretcher due to its capability of applying high deforming forces on biological objects such as cells. In this article the experimental capabilities of an optical stretcher as a potential sample delivery system for X-ray diffraction and imaging studies at synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facilites are demonstrated. To highlight the potential of the optical stretcher its micromanipulation capabilities have been used to image polymer beads and label biological cells. Even in a non-optimized configuration based on a commercially available optical stretcher system, X-ray holograms could be recorded from different views on a biological cell and the three-dimensional phase of the cell could be reconstructed. The capability of the setup to deform cells at higher laser intensities in combination with, for example, X-ray diffraction studies could furthermore lead to interesting studies that couple structural parameters to elastic properties. By means of high-throughput screening, the optical stretcher could become a useful tool in X-ray studies employing synchrotron radiation, and, at a later stage, femtosecond X-ray pulses delivered by X-ray free-electron lasers.
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48

Zaides, S. A., and Fam Wang An. "Influence of the Deforming Tool Parameters on the Physicomechanical Properties of the Surface Layer of a Part Subjected to Orbital Burnishing." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2021, no. 13 (December 2021): 1792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029521130358.

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49

Walsh, Mary Barbara. "Feminism, Adaptive Preferences, and Social Contract Theory." Hypatia 30, no. 4 (2015): 829–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12175.

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Feminists have long been aware of the pathology and the dangers of what are now termed “adaptive preferences.” Adaptive preferences are preferences formed in unconscious response to oppression. Thinkers from each wave of feminism continue to confront the problem of women's internalization of their own oppression, that is, the problem of women forming their preferences within the confining and deforming space that patriarchy provides. All preferences are, in fact, formed in response to a (more or less) limited set of options, but not all preferences are unconscious, pathological responses to oppression. Feminist theory therefore requires a method for distinguishing all preferences from adaptive or deformed preferences. Social contract theory provides such a tool. Social contract theory models autonomous preference‐acquisition and retention at both the external level of causation and the internal level of justification. In doing so, social contract theory exposes preferences that do not meet those standards, acting as both a conceptual test that identifies adaptive preferences and as a practical tool for personal and social clarification. A social contract approach helps persons and societies to identify and to confront preferences rooted in unconscious response to oppression.
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50

Veljic, Darko, Marko Rakin, Aleksandar Sedmak, Nenad Radovic, Bojan Medjo, Mihailo Mrdak, and Darko Bajic. "Thermo-mechanical analysis of linear welding stage in friction stir welding - influence of welding parameters." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210216186v.

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The influence of friction stir welding (FSW) parameters on thermo-mechanical behaviour of the material during welding is analysed. An aluminium alloy is considered (Al 2024 T351), and different rotating speed and welding speed are applied. Finite element model consists of the plate (Al alloy), backing plate and welding tool, and it is formed and solved in software package Simulia Abaqus. The influence of the welding conditions on material behaviour is taken into account by application of the Johnson-Cook material model. The rotation of the tool affects the results: if increased, it contributes to an increase of friction-generated heat intensity. The other component of the generated heat, the plastic deformation of the material, is negligibly changed. When the welding speed is increased, the intensity of friction-generated heat decreases, while the heat generation due to plastic deforming increases. Combined, these two effects cause small change of the total heat generation. For the same welded joint length, the plate welded by lower speed will be heated more intensively. The changes of the heat generation influence both the temperature field and reaction force, which are also considered.
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