Journal articles on the topic 'Deforming drawing'
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1
Rutkevych, Volodymyr, and Vitaliy Kushnir. "CALCULATION ON THE STRENGTH OF DEFORMING ELEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FIRMWARE STRUCTURES FOR ULTRASOUND PROCESSING." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 2(101) (June 29, 2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2021-2-15.
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The possibility of increasing the efficiency and expanding the technological capabilities of the process of deforming drawing, by studying the contact phenomena and force characteristics of the process of deforming drawing (flashing) with the imposition of ultrasonic vibrations on the tool. The main advantages of deforming drawing with application of ultrasound are noted, among which it is necessary to allocate considerable decrease in force parameters of process, reduction of level of residual stresses, increase of accuracy of the processed details. Also, the application of ultrasound allows you to process parts made of metal and alloys, the processing of which in normal conditions is impossible and requires special techniques. It is noted that it is not possible to use known designs of broaches and firmware when flashing with the application of ultrasonic vibrations, because the firmware must have all the dimensions related to the acoustic parameters and the deforming element must be placed on the mandrel with tension to create good acoustic contact between the mandrel and the element. Prefabricated deforming firmware for processing holes with the imposition of longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations has been developed and a method for calculating their deforming elements for strength has been proposed. The performed calculations showed that the calculated stresses differ from the allowable ones by no more than 15-20 %. From the above calculations it is seen that the deforming element can be destroyed, both under the action of the working load in the process of flashing, and under the action of thermal stresses after the exit of the element from the machined hole. This difference in the results of research can be explained by the fact that the order of tensile strength is a value that has a large scattering zone and in different studies it is different. The results of research on the strength of deforming elements can be used in engineering calculations in the design of prefabricated tools for drawing holes with ultrasound.
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Buylov, A. E. "Analysis of microstructure of surface layer of a hole while deforming drawing in lubricants." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 1-2 (March 10, 2013): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67971.
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Shchedrin, A. V., A. A. Bekaev, and G. K. Sumele. "Interaction of spherical deforming element and cylindrical blank in hybrid drawing." Russian Engineering Research 30, no. 12 (December 2010): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x10120130.
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Galkin, V. I., A. R. Paltievich, and E. V. Galkin. "Specifics of joint deformation of fibered composite and homogeneouos materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032902022.
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The article describes the possibility of usage of drawing method for production of pipes of fibered composite AL-B. The authors suggest using a construction of drawing mill, where the material volume reduction is carried out on the floating plug. With an aim of quality improvement technological shell is used. There were examined the mechanisms of joint deforming of compact blank part and solid shell.
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Quan, Guo Zheng, Meng Han Wang, Jie Zhou, and Ying Tong. "Deforming Mechanisms of Two-Pass Drawing Process of an Aluminum Tube from Circular to Rectangle Section." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.549.
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The aluminum tube with rectangle section can be produced by two-pass drawing process including non-plug and with-plug drawing. It is an effective method to study the deforming mechanisms by simulation, based on which the section varying of two-pass drawing got schemed and the relevant dies with reasonable dimensions got designed. The dynamics model and elasto-plastic FE model of the non-plug and with-plug drawing were established based on FEM software, then the simulation was performed. The sizing section of drawing die got optimized with angle β=178°, which eliminated instability. The influence of different semi-die angle 2 a on drawing load was researched, and a proper value of 2 a and 1 a was found. The touch boundary and touch-stress distribution of transitional drawing were achieved. Furthermore the residual stress and spring-back strain distribution after final drawing were achieved, which contributes to modifying the dimensions of rectangle sizing section.
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Sun, Zhichao. "EFFECTS OF PARAMETERS ON DEFORMING FORCE OF TUBE INVERSION BY AXIAL DRAWING." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 38, no. 10 (2002): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2002.10.074.
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Xiao, Xiao Ting, Li Cheng Huang, Yi Juan Liao, Li Guang Tan, and Qiao Yu Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Deep-Drawing Processes of Square Cup under Bilateral Constrained Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2892.
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In this paper, the flow rule of metal during the deep drawing of the non-symmetry workpieces was investigated by means of the numerical simulation of deep-drawing processes of square cup under bilateral constrained conditions. The numerical simulation was carried out by advanced analysis software Dynaform5.5. SUS304 stainless steel was used as the deforming materials. The influence of different friction coefficient and blank holder force on the drawing forming quality was analyzed. The results showed that the material flow in different areas has different trends with increase of friction coefficient and blank holder force.
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Trofimov, V. N., T. V. Kuznetsova, D. S. Anishchuk, A. V. Eseneev, and M. G. Shtutsa. "Optimal geometry of the channel of the drawing tool when deforming bimetallic composites." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 55, no. 1 (January 2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1067821214010167.
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Attanasio, Aldo, Elisabetta Ceretti, Antonio Fiorentino, Luca Mazzoni, and Claudio Giardini. "Experimental Tests to Study Feasibility and Formability in Incremental Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.391.
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This paper deals with Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF), a sheet metal forming process, that knew a wide development in the last years. It consists of a simple hemispherical tool that, moving along a defined path by means of either a CNC machine or a robot or a self designed device, locally deforms a metal sheet. A lot of experimental and simulative researches have been conducted in this field with different aims: to study the sheet formability and part feasibility as a function of the process parameters; to define models able to forecast the final sheet thickness as a function of the drawing angle and tool path strategy; to understand how the sheet deforms and how formability limits can be defined. Nowadays, a lot of these topics are still open. In this paper, the results obtained from an experimental campaign performed to study sheet formability and final part feasibility are reported. The ISF tests were conducted deforming FeP04 deep drawing steel sheet 0.8 mm thick and analyzing the influence of the tool path strategy and of the adopted ISF technique (Single Point Incremental Forming Vs. Two Points Incremental Forming). The part feasibility and formability were evaluated considering final sheet thickness, geometrical errors of the final part, maximum wall angle and depth at which the sheet breaks. Moreover, process forces measurements were carried out by means of a specific device developed by the Authors, allowing to obtain important information about the load acting on the deforming device and necessary for deforming sheet.
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Halaczek, Dariusz, and Eugniusz Hadasik. "The Influence of the Components of the Bimetallic Tubes for the Way of Deforming in the Hollow Drawing Process." Solid State Phenomena 246 (February 2016): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.246.225.
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Processes for producing bimetallic tubes can be divided for: producing the bimetallic tubes in the cold process, with preheating or with the heat treatment after each pull. First method relates to the metal with high ductility (copper, copper alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc, etc.), second to the metals or bi-metal components, in one of which has significantly different plastic properties from the second for example: low-carbon steel, high alloy steel, etc. One of the methods for the production of bimetallic tubes is hollow cold drawing process. In this process the wall thickness is changed, which means the wall becomes thicker, the wall becomes thinner or remains unchanged. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the influence of the share of components of bimetallic cooper tube species M1E, and the copper tube - species M63 in the arrangement M1E - M63 and M63 - M1E in the tubes hollow drawing process for the distribution and size of deformation of the individual layers. The research program included:- production of the bimetallic tubes by hollow drawing with a different percentage of the cross-section components and with a variable arrangement of layers,- determination of the size and distribution of true strain of the individual layers on the cross-section of bimetallic tube,- determination of replacement/equivalent strain for the deformable wall of the bimetallic tube,- evaluation of the usability of the graph of changes in thickness of the tube wall in the hollow drawing process for the drawing process of the bimetallic tubes.
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Sidelnikov, Sergey, Kristina Bindareva, Ekaterina Lopatina, Viktor Leonov, Denis Voroshilov, Olga Lebedeva, Edvard Rudnitskiy, and Vladimir Lopatin. "Computer Simulation and Analysis of the Parameters of the Drawing Process of Thin Wire from the Alloy Pd-5Ni." Key Engineering Materials 805 (June 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.805.13.
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This article represents the results of studies of the drawing thin wire from the alloy Pd-5Ni process. The studies used the software developed by the authors using the methods of calculating the drawing process and the computer model implemented in the DEFORM 3D software package. By way of calculation, a drawing route was determined, including 14 transitions, and the efforts of deforming the metal were found when producing wire with a diameter of 0.075. For this mode of deformation processing using the DEFORM 3D software package, we simulated the drawing process and established the temperature and stress distribution over the volume of the workpiece. The simulation results confirmed that the calculated safety factor for drawing is in the range of 2.85-3.43, which ensures a stable process of deformation of the metal without breaks and, as a consequence, an increase in productivity and yield of the suitable metal. Experimental studies have confirmed the adequacy of the developed model, so it can be used to analyze the process of drawing wire from other precious metal alloys. The results of the research are recommended to improve the production technology of thin wire from the alloy Pd-5Ni for the manufacture of catalytic gripping grids.
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Ohashi, Takahiro, Tomoaki Ando, and Noriyuki Nakaoka. "In-Process Measurement of Elastic Deformation of a Large Deep-Drawing-Die with Fusion of Experiment and Numerical Analysis." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 4 (July 5, 2009): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0457.
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We measured elastic deformation of a large deep drawing die in-process and visualized it with a fusion technique of numerical analysis and experiments with multipoint die support. We found that displacement by elastically deforming a press machine bolster is up to 0.15 mm when measured directly by displacement sensors. Lower die profile displacement for a half size fender is estimated at 0.25 mm. We numerically analyzed elastic die deformation using multipoint die support to measure and visualize deformation indirectly. We calculated reactive force distribution on the cavity surface and to know it differs with according to distribution pattern of support points, and visualized elastic deformation die patterns.
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Morozov, Yury A. "Force parameters of metal deformation during sheet drawing." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-6-493-503.
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The aim of the work. The effect of the curvature of the rounding of torus surfaces during the formation of a cylindrical product (glass) is investigated, taking into account the plastic thinning of the deformable material at the end edges of the matrix and pressing punch. Methods. The existing scheme for determining the power parameters of sheet drawing is analyzed, based on the assumption of the implementation of some abstract stress state in the material; mainly conditional tensile strength. At the same time, the possibility of forming the product without destruction determines the obvious overestimation of the stress level. A mathematical model of the volumetric stress state of the metal is being developed, which makes it possible to assess the deformation and stress state during the formation of a cold-drawn product, i. e. the folding of the sheet blank along the end radius of the rounding of the pressing punch and the steady-state process of drawing the blank into the deformation zone with successive bending/straightening of the material along the edge of the matrix are considered. The level of radial stresses during folding and stretching of sheet material is estimated, taking into account its strain hardening and thinning, which determine the forming force. The obtained results will make it possible to simulate the stress-strain state of the metal during the development of sheet drawing technology: to establish the amount of thinning, to estimate the level of radial stresses in the formation of rounding of torus surfaces along the end edges of the matrix and the pressing punch, as well as to determine the power parameters of the formation, which will prevent the destruction of the pulled part, guaranteeing obtaining high-quality products and more accurately choosing the deforming equipment.
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PIAIA, Gregorio. "Il nome della rosa di Umberto Eco e la storia della filosofia medievale / Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose and the History of Medieval Philosophy." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 23 (April 20, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v23i.8972.
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What contribution has Umberto Eco’s historical fiction made to knowledge of the history of medieval philosophy? His first and most famous novel, The Name of the Rose (1980), had the merit of drawing the attention of the common reader to mediaeval thought, which is usually neglected and still not widely known. However, this portrayal was characterized by a negative and deforming image of medieval monasticism and its philosophical conceptions. By contrast the scholastic Middle Ages (Roger Bacon, Marsilius of Padua, and especially William of Ockham) were looked upon by Eco with very modern —even “postmodern”— eyes, so that very little was left of the Middle Ages themselves.
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Chen, Zhen Hua, Yong Qi Cheng, Wei Jun Xia, Hong Ge Yan, and Ding Chen. "Enhanced Formability of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet Processed by Equal Channel Angular Rolling and Annealing Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.91.
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In order to improve the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at room temperature, a new process, so-called equal channel angular rolling (ECAR) and followed by annealing treatment was applied to process the sheet. The optical microstructure of the as-received sheet was similar with that of the ECARed one after annealing treatment, the Erichsen value and limiting drawing ratio of the ECARed sheet was about 6.26mm and 1.6, respectively, which was much larger than that of 4.18mm and 1.2 for the as-received sheet. These can be attributed to the low yield ratio and high strain hardening exponent due to the modified texture induced by the shear deformation during ECAR process, which is favor of the activations of basal slipping and twinning at ambient temperature, especially deforming at the rolling direction.
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Paladiychuk, Yuriy, and Vasyl Kordonsky. "SUBSTANTIATION OF CHIPPING FRACTURE MECHANICS DURING DRAWING OF CYLINDRICAL SURFACES WITH ALLOWANCE." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 4(99) (December 18, 2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-4-9.
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The mechanics of chip fracture when cutting the allowance of pre-divisible technological grooves was studied for the first time, and the relationship between the profile and depth of the latter and the characteristics of the stress-strain state in the chip formation zone (relative shear, chip shrinkage, shear angle, front angle, contact processes . This article discusses a more complex problem - the longitudinal division of chips or allowance. Most researchers are inclined to believe that this problem should be solved by pre-dividing the allowance by a network of special chip-splitting ring or screw grooves. The depth of these grooves should be 0.6… 0.95 of the amount of rise on a single tooth of the broach. The results of the study of the mechanics of chip destruction are described when the tool meets the process groove in the drawing process. The connection between the structure of the pipe and the intensively deformed state in the zone of chip formation is shown. From the obtained results the following follows. Preliminary deformation hardening by means of deforming drawing allows to increase hardness of OM twice (steel 10), to 60% (steel 35), to 50% (steel 45) and to 25% (aluminum alloy AK6). This significantly reduces the shrinkage coefficient of chips (respectively 2; 1.4; 1.4 and 1.3 times) and the actual previous angle (at a sharpening angle γ = 15⁰, respectively: from 36⁰ to 18⁰; from 25⁰ to 17⁰; from 21⁰ to 16⁰ and from 22⁰ to 17⁰). All this indicates a decrease in the intensity of the cutting process with increasing intensity of the previous HPD The following minimum values of the groove profile angle for the investigated materials 2φmin were determined: 80⁰ (steel10); 60⁰ (steel 35); 50⁰ (steel 45 and alloy AK6). It is established that the minimum depth of the chip-splitting groove hC is determined from the condition of chip destruction when the tangential stresses in the shear zone are exceeded above the shear resistance of the processed material. The following values of the minimum depth of the chip-splitting groove for the studied materials were obtained: hCmin = (0.4… 0.55) Sz - steels 35 and 45; hCmin = (0.55 (0.6) Sz - AK6 alloy.
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Brady, J. M., and E. L. Thomas. "Visualization of continuous crystal formation in high-density polyethylene." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100126974.
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Though chemically simple, polyethylene has proven to be an extremely versatile polymer. Its physical and mechanical properties can be made to cover a broad range of requirements by varying processing, branching, and the molecular weight of the material. In particular, ultrahigh modulus polyethylene (tensile moduli exceeding 200 Gpa) has been made by solid state extrusion (SSE) at 110 C followed by post drawing (PD) at 125 C. The objective of the following study was to investigate the evolution of structure during the SSE/PD process, and to identify those morphological features which give rise to ultimate properties.The SSE/PD process was mimicked here by deforming thin films of HDPE at high temperature (129 C). High density polyethylene (HDPE) of Mw = 200,000 and Mw /Mn =7-13 was used. As-processed films were highly oriented and displayed a single crystal-like textured shish-kebab morphology.
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Ge, Yulong, and Yong Xia. "Dynamic Behavior of Self-Piercing Riveted and Mechanical Clinched Joints of Dissimilar Materials: An Experimental Comparative Investigation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (September 12, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6463576.
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The present work compares the dynamic effect of a self-piercing riveted (SPR) joint with that of a mechanical clinched joint having the dissimilar materials combination. The substrates used in this investigation are aluminum alloy AA5182-O and deep drawing steel DX51D+Z. The static and dynamic behaviors and the failure modes of the SPR and clinching joints are characterized by lap-shear, cross-tension, and coach-peel tests. The influence of the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of the substrates on the joints is examined; this can help improve prediction of the energy absorption of the joints under impact loading. Considering the realistic baking process in a painting shop, the deforming and hardening effects on the SPR and the clinched joints induced by baking are also studied. The specimens are heated to 180°C for 30 min in an oven and then cooled down in air. The SPR and the clinched joints before and after the baking process are compared in terms of the mechanical behavior.
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Bolmaro, R. E., A. Fourty, and H. G. Brokmeier. "Experiments and Simulations by Self-Consistent Models of Texture Development in Cu–Fe Powder Composites." Textures and Microstructures 33, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1999): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.33.125.
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Two-Sites Self-Consistent (2-SSC) models have been used for simulation of texture development of two-phase materials (Bolmaro and Lebensohn, 1996; Bolmaro et al., 1997). When both phases are plastically deforming the co-deformation and sharing of spins have to be taken into account via interaction among phases. One-Site Self-Consistent (1-SSC) models are able to consider interaction among each grain and the rest of surrounding grains through a mean field calculated over the “matrix grains”. The next level of complexity, i.e., 2-SSC models, is appropriate to capture some interaction features between phases. In the current paper, starting from well-defined microstructures and textures of Cu–Fe powder composites, the textures obtained after wire-drawing are simulated taking into account codeformation and sharing of rotations. The results are shown agreeing with experimental ones provided that, depending on volume fraction and relative strength of both phases, different ad-hoc strain rate sensitivities are used.
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Liu, Jian Hua, and He Yang. "Research on Stress and Strain Distribution during Multi-Pass Conventional Spinning under Different Roller Motion Modes." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.205.
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Establishing a reasonable mechanical model for multi-pass conventional spinning and typical drawing spinning is the object of the present study. Research on stress and strain distribution during multi-pass conventional spinning processing under three modes of roller motion, i.e., one-way moving without profiling, one-way moving with profiling, and two-way moving with profiling, is carried out using elasto-plastic FEM method. Though the equivalent stress distribution under these three modes of roller motion is similar, there exists significant difference in magnitude, with the equivalent stress in the close-mandrel area being the highest in the case of profiled one-way moving. As far as the strain is concerned, it has a similar distribution as the equivalent stress, with the strain in the close-mandrel area under one-way moving with profiling having the highest value. In the case of roller two-way moving with profiling, the strain distribution is the most homogeneous, while the work-hardening of the blank is the most serious. In all cases, both stress and strain in the deforming zone increase with increasing spinning passes.
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Gobber, Federico Simone, Elisa Fracchia, Alessandro Fais, Ildiko Peter, and Marco Actis Grande. "Characterization of AlSi10Mg-CP-Ti Metal/Metal Composite Materials Produced by Electro-Sinter-Forging." Metals 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101645.
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Metal–metal composites represent a particular class of materials showing innovative mechanical and electrical properties. Conventionally, such materials are produced by severely plastically deforming two ductile phases via rolling or extruding, swaging, and wire drawing. This study presents the feasibility of producing metal–metal composites via a capacitive discharge-assisted sintering process named electro-sinter-forging. Two different metal–metal composites with CP-Ti/AlSi10Mg ratios (20/80 and 80/20 vol.%) are evaluated, and the effects of the starting compositions on the microstructural and compositional properties of the materials are presented. Bi-phasic metal–metal composites constituted by isolated α-Ti and AlSi10Mg domains with a microhardness of 113 ± 13 HV0.025 for the Ti20-AlSi and 244 ± 35 HV0.025 for the Ti80-AlSi are produced. The effect of the applied current is crucial to obtain high theoretical density, but too high currents may result in Ti dissolution in the Ti80-AlSi composite. Massive phase transformations due to the formation of AlTiSi-based intermetallic compounds are observed through thermal analysis and confirmed by morphological and compositional observation. Finally, a possible explanation for the mechanisms regulating densification is proposed accounting for current and pressure synergistic effects.
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Gil Sevillano, Javier. "Dynamic Steady State by Unlimited Unidirectional Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Materials Deforming by Dislocation Glide at Low to Moderate Temperatures." Metals 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010066.
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This paper presents an outline of the quest for the mechanical steady state that an unlimited unidirectional plastic strain applied at low to moderate temperature is presumed to develop in single-phase crystalline materials deforming by dislocation glide, with particular emphasis on its athermal strength limit. Fifty years ago, the study of crystalline plasticity was focused on the strain range covered by tensile tests, i.e., on true strains less than unity; the canonic stress–strain behavior was the succession of stages I, II, and III, the latter supposedly leading to a steady state defining a temperature and strain rate-dependent flow stress limit. The experimentally available strain range was increased up to Von Mises equivalent strains as high as 10 by the extensive use of torsion tests or by combinations of intermittent deformations by wire drawing or rolling with tensile tests during the 1970s. The assumed exhaustion of the strain-hardening rate was not verified; new deformation stages, IV and V, were proposed, and the predicted strength limit for deformed materials was nearly doubled. Since the advent of severe plastic deformation techniques in the 1980s, such a range was still significantly augmented. Strains of the order of several hundreds were routinely reached, but former conclusions relative to the limit of the flow stress were not substantially changed. However, very recently, the plastic strain range has allegedly been expanded to 105 true strain units by using torsion under high pressure (HPT), surprisingly for some common metals, without experimental confirmation of having reached any steady state. This overview has been motivated by the scientific and technological interest of such an open-ended story. A tentative explanation for the newly proposed ultra-severe hardening deformation stage is given.
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Bartczak, Zbigniew, and Alina Vozniak. "Microbuckling Instability and the Second Yield during the Deformation of Semicrystalline Polyethylene." Polymers 12, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102208.
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Deformation instabilities, such as microbuckling or lamellar fragmentation due to slip localization, play a very important role in the deformation of semicrystalline polymers, although it still not well explored. Such instabilities often appear necessary to modify the deformation path and facilitate strain accommodation in an energy-minimizing manner. In this work, microbuckling instability was investigated using partially oriented, injection-molded (IM) samples of high-density polyethylene, deformed by a plane-strain compression. Deformed samples were probed by SEM, X-ray (small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering: SAXS, WAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that microbuckling instability, followed quickly by the formation of lamellar kinks, occurred in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) at a true strain of about e = 0.3–0.4, mainly in those lamellar stacks which were initially oriented parallel to the compression direction. This phenomenon was observed with scanning electron microscopy, especially in the oriented skin layers of IM specimens, where a chevron morphology resulting from lamellae microbuckling/kinking was evidenced. Macroscopically, this instability manifested as the so-called “second macroscopic yield” in the form of a hump in the true stress–true strain curve. Microbuckling instability can have a profound effect on the subsequent stages of the deformation process, as well as the resulting structure. This is particularly important in deforming well-oriented lamellar structures—e.g., in drawing pre-oriented films of a semicrystalline polymer, a process commonly used in many technologies.
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Mandziej, Stan T., J. D. Vosburgh, Rudolf Kawalla, and H. G. Schoss. "Physical Simulation of Thin Slab Continuous Casting." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4149.
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Thin slab continuous casting (TSCC) has recently become a winning technology in production of automotive steels in particular those of deep-drawing quality for car body panels. By combining the TSCC with direct rolling while retaining the heat in the process, thin steel sheets can be produced with high efficiency at much lower cost than with the former cold rolling / annealing procedures. However, difficulties appear when higher strength medium-alloyed or micro-alloyed steels have to be manufactured by this method. Some alloying elements, which tend to segregate, make the as-solidified dendritic microstructure prone to hot cracking and then require well-controlled cross-reductions during subsequent rolling or thermal-mechanical treatment to homogenize microstructure and get optimum properties. Physical simulation appears to be an adequate method to generate dendritic microstructures characteristic of the continuously cast thin slabs, thus avoiding costly experiments on full- scale production lines. The direct rolling simulator HDS-V40, designed and manufactured by Dynamic Systems Inc., allows controlled melting and solidification of a central portion of 10*50*165mm flat bar, and after solidification deforming the dendritic microstructure by multistep plane strain compression to simulate hot rolling. In the molten pool formed in the sample, the dendrites grow similarly like it appears in the industrial thin slab casting, i.e. from the crystallization front defined by main directions of the heat flow to the supporting base and to the (already) solid portion of the slab. In the paper presented are metallographic evidences confirming the accuracy of this physical simulation method.
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KATE, ROHIT JAIVANT, PREM KALRA, and SUBHASHIS BANERJEE. "TOWARDS AN AUTOMATIC APPROACH FOR VIEW-DEPENDENT GEOMETRY." International Journal of Image and Graphics 02, no. 03 (July 2002): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467802000706.
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View specific distortions of a 3D model according to its reference drawings are required for cartoon animations. Rademacher introduced a technique called View-Dependent Geometry wherein a 3D view-dependent model changes shape based on the viewing direction. The main problem in constructing a view-dependent model is of deforming the 3D base model according to its reference drawings. In this paper, we propose an automatic method for solving this problem based on a projective camera model. We present results demonstrating our approach.
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Sanchez-Raya, Judith, Antònia Matamalas, Clara Figueras, and Joan Bago. "Validity of a one-item drawing-based instrument to assess trunk deformity perception in kyphotic deformities." Spine Deformity 8, no. 6 (July 7, 2020): 1239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43390-020-00167-5.
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H. Jasim, Shaymaa, Wisam Alhassan, and Ziyad T. Almalki. "Egg Shell powder reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composite: Effect of mechanical and heat capacity." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 25, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2020.25.3.1109.
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The mechanical properties of Polypropylene (PP): Egg Shell powder composite was assessed with respect to the effect of filler content shells powder Egg varying from 1% to 10% by weight of the composite. Apparent amelioration in the mechanical parameters has recorded best ratios 5% and 7% weight. The mechanical properties of prepared film have examined through diverse parameters concerning the elastic deformity based on calculated the load – elongation properties. The conduct of the stress - strain curve was investigated in terms of the cold drawing model. The elastic behavior decreased at 5% composite Egg Shell powder. The specific heat capacity of Polypropylene, obvious an increase of the composite specific heat capacity using egg shell content.
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Adusumilli, Gautam, Joshua D. Kaggie, Simona D’Amore, Timothy M. Cox, Patrick Deegan, James W. MacKay, and Scott McDonald. "Improving the quantitative classification of Erlenmeyer flask deformities." Skeletal Radiology 50, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-020-03561-2.
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AbstractThe Erlenmeyer flask deformity is a common skeletal modeling deformity, but current classification systems are binary and may restrict its utility as a predictor of associated skeletal conditions. A quantifiable 3-point system of severity classification could improve its predictive potential in disease. Ratios were derived from volumes of regions of interests drawn in 50 Gaucher’s disease patients. ROIs were drawn from the distal physis to 2 cm proximal, 2 cm to 4 cm, and 4 cm to 6 cm. Width was also measured at each of these boundaries. Two readers rated these 100 femurs using a 3-point scale of severity classification. Weighted kappa indicated reliability and one-way analysis of variance characterized ratio differences across the severity scale. Accuracy analyses allowed determination of clinical cutoffs for each ratio. Pearson’s correlations assessed the associations of volume and width with a shape-based concavity metric of the femur. The volume ratio incorporating the metaphyseal region from 0 to 2 cm and the diametaphyseal region at 4–6 cm was most accurate at distinguishing femurs on the 3-point scale. Receiver operating characteristic curves for this ratio indicated areas of 0.95 to distinguish normal and mild femurs and 0.93 to distinguish mild and severe femurs. Volume was moderately associated with the degree of femur concavity. The proposed volume ratio method is an objective, proficient method at distinguishing severities of the Erlenmeyer flask deformity with the potential for automation. This may have application across diseases associated with the deformity and deficient osteoclast-mediated modeling of growing bone.
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Knafo, Steven, Charles Court, and Fabrice Parker. "Predicting sagittal deformity after surgery for intramedullary tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 3 (September 2014): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.spine13886.
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Object Spinal deformity after surgery for intramedullary tumors is a potentially serious complication that may require subsequent fusion. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were risk factors that could be used to predict postoperative sagittal deformity. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study of patients harboring an intramedullary tumor who had undergone surgery at a single center between 1985 and 2011. The main outcome of interest was the difference, at the last follow-up, between post- and preoperative measures of the Cobb angle formed by the superior and inferior limits of the laminectomy (ΔCobb). Results Sixty-three patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. The mean sagittal deformity, measured as described above, was 15.9° (range 0°–77°) at a mean follow-up of 85.4 months (range 4–240 months). Univariate analysis showed increased sagittal deformity in patients 30 years old or younger (21.9° vs 13.7°, p = 0.04), undergoing a laminectomy involving 4 or more levels (19.3° vs 12.1°, p = 0.04), and undergoing a laminectomy that included a spinal junction (20.8° vs 12.4°, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that only age (p = 0.01) and the number of spinal levels involved in the laminectomy (p = 0.014) were significant and independent predictors of postoperative sagittal deformity. The linear regression equation drawn from this model allows one to quantitatively predict sagittal deformity for any follow-up time point after surgery. Conclusions Authors of this study developed a statistical tool that could be used to plan surgery and follow-up as regards the risk of sagittal spinal deformity in patients undergoing surgery for intramedullary tumors.
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HIMURO, TOSHIHIKO, HIROKO HORIKE, HISAE NIWA, HISAAKI OHARA, and TOSHIO YAMAGUCHI. "Analysis of Self-image in Jaw Deformity Patients. 2. Self-portrait Drawing Test Used for Evaluation of Self-perception of Facial Profiles." Japanese Journal of Jaw Deformities 5, no. 2 (1995): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5927/jjjd1991.5.137.
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Czigner, Jenö, and Gabriella Fekete-Szabó. "Neurofibroma of the supraglottic larynx in childhood." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 2 (February 1994): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100126155.
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AbstractThe case of a male child with a benign neurogenic laryngeal tumour caused by von Recklinghausen's disease is presented. At the age of eight years, tracheostomy was necessary. The tumour, deforming the right half of the larynx and extending into the right half of the neck, was removed three years later. Following this procedure, decannulation was possible, and the patient has been free of laryngological complaints for six years.Attention is drawn to the fact that autosomal dominantly inherited neurofibromatosis is a generalized benign tumour with a special form. If it involves any vital structure or forms a functional obstacle, meticulous surgical removal is necessary, and this provides good prospects over a long period.
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Abdulrauf, Badr M. I. "The nasal cantilever technique in children undergoing primary cleft lip surgery: novel concepts and review." Innovative Surgical Sciences 5, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2020-0016.
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AbstractBackgroundNasal deformity associated with cleft lip deformity is a challenging issue, encompassing controversies, theories, and a diversity of techniques. Historically, esthetic outcomes have ranged from being below expectations to barely acceptable.MethodBased on the concept that the nasal cartilaginous framework in clefts is similar to that of a collapsing pyramid, a novel suspension technique has been described. The entire cartilaginous structure is lifted from the infratip segment with a loop suture and is secured in a cantilever fashion onto the periosteum overlying the nasal bone. This part of the operation is performed in a semiclosed manner. The technique is applied during primary surgery in bilateral and unilateral nasal cleft lip deformities, with changes in the orientation of the cantilever loop suture. Studies conducted by Masters S. Tajima, H. McComb, H. Thomson, D. Fisher, and J. Mulliken, which are most relevant to this article, have been reviewed and discussed throughout.ResultsThe technique was first applied over 10 years ago. A case series of nine children whose parents consented to the developing technique is presented with follow-up ranging from months to years, along with technical descriptions and illustrative drawings. None of these cases had preoperative orthopedic correction, molding, or postoperative nostril splints. The esthetic outcome was optimal enough; none of the cases requested a secondary correction.ConclusionThe nasal cantilever technique is a novel concept in cleft nasal deformity, which can be used in conjunction with an appropriate lip technique, per the surgeon’s discretion. Other than a learning curve, we believe that it provides a solid correction by securing the cartilaginous structures after they have been mobilized to a stable base, the nasion.
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Martynenko, D. V., V. P. Voloshin, L. A. Sherman, K. V. Shevyrev, S. A. Oshkukov, and E. V. Stepanov. "Assessment of Acetabulum Deformity During Preoperative Planning for Hip Arthroplasty." Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 25, no. 3 (October 18, 2019): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-3-153-164.
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Purpose of the study — to improve the two-dimensional planning of total hip joint arthroplasty to ensure precise positioning of the acetabular component in the deformed acetabulum. Materials and methods. Features of roentgenological anatomy of acetabulum and its coverage were studied on 1058 hip joint x-rays in the AP view in accordance with the procedure developed by the authors to define acetabular square — the site of standard positioning of a spherical femoral head in the acetabulum or of a hemispherical acetabular component. The method consisted of identifying the apex of “teardrop” figure; the most lateral points of the pelvic terminal line and roof of the acetabulum; superior part of the acetabular cavity; medial and inferior points of acetabular coverage, and building the sides of acetabular square — medial, inferior, lateral and superior boundary lines. Connection of “teardrop” apex and lateral point of the pelvic terminal line formed the medial side of acetabular square, and a perpendicular to that line drawn through the “teardrop” apex to its inferior side. The lateral side was drawn either through the intersection of the ascending diagonal line — bisector from the top of the “teardrop” figure with the contour of the acetabulum roof, or was a part of the projection of the most lateral point of the acetabular roof on the inferior side of the square. The superior side was a perpendicular connecting the intersection of the ascending diagonal and lateral bounding lines with the medial side of the acetabular square. The area of the deformed acetabular cavity located outside of the acetabular square was assessed as the acetabular defect. Results. Method of defining the acetabular square allowed to identify types of ratios between acetabular cavity and acetabular coverage in transverse (9 types) and longitudinal (7 types) direction. Combination of transverse ratio of acetabular cavity and coverage with longitudinal type allowed to define the options of acetabular deformities in two-dimensional view. The authors identified 25 types of acetabular deformities. Bone defects of acetabular walls were of the major importance among all anatomical features. Cranial defect of acetabulum was observed in 450 cases, medial wall defect — in 38 cases, defect including cranial and medial areas — in 7 cases. Conclusion. The method suggested by the authors to determine acetabular square and acetabular deformity variations allows to screen the anatomical features of the acetabulum during two-dimensional preoperative planning and to make an informed decision on the need to use other planning techniques. The type of acetabular deformity identified during preoperative planning allows to elaborate the indications for replacement of acetabular bone defects and/or resection of acetabular osteophytes.
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Pehlivanova, Plamena. "The Significance of Rationality in Reforming Ethics within Contemporary Professional Work." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 39, no. 1 (2020): 43–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej201912489.
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In the wake of judgement failures currently characterising professional audit practice, the article will argue that this case illustrates a larger problem associated with the technocratic deformity of practices within modern institutions. I will refer to the case of ethics, where human judgement has been offloaded to the performative practice of complying with codes and reduced to executing procedures. Getting to grips with what the issue is requires us to recognise the distinctive ethical nature of human rationality that cannot be replaced by machines. However, this distinctiveness is not sufficiently brought out in the current climate of work, where the conditions have instead reduced the capacities to engage in ethical judgment and to cultivate morality. Instead, the cognitive capacity to evaluate the ends of actions and the dispositions to act in that light are central to fostering morality. By drawing on the Aristotelian and sociocultural traditions, I point to the complexity and significance of rationality, and offer a way to rethink professional education practices that could reorient individuals’ thinking and cultivate ethical responsivity.
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Liu, Wen Bai, and Zi Yi Chen. "Study of the Deformation Field of Reinforced Soil on the Triaxial Text." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 5024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.5024.
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This study is concerned with the deformation field of the reinforced soil based on the consolidated drained triaxial test, using digital image processing technique in deformation measuring of soil specimen in trialxial test. In order to research the relation between anti-deforming capacity and strain of reinforced soil, intensity characteristic and failure mode, the glass fiber was used as a material of reinforce and 30 groups of triaxial tests were performed under 2 different reinforced positions and 3 types of confining stress. Together with digital image processing technique, we researched the transverse and vertical deformation ratios of reinforced soil in deformation process, drawn the deformation diagram of soil specimen in peaked strain and probed the reinforce mechanization and formation of shear field in reinforced soil. It was shown from the result that the geogrid has a great restraint, which increases with the growth of confining stress, on transverse deformation in medium sand. However, in final, the geogrid is incapable of changing the breakdown trend of soil body.
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Lazarides, Alexander L., Kamran S. Hamid, and Michael S. Kerzner. "Novel Use of Active Leptospermum Honey for Ringed Fixator Pin Site Care in Diabetic Charcot Deformity Patients." Foot & Ankle Specialist 11, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640017709907.
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Introduction. Open reduction with external fixation (OREF) utilizing fine wire ringed fixators for correction of Charcot deformity has gained popularity over the past decade. Pin site infections are a well-documented complication of external fixation as well as a driver of escalating health care costs. We aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a novel method of pin site care utilizing active Leptospermum honey–impregnated dressings (MediHoney) in diabetic patients undergoing deformity correction with OREF. Methods. Twenty-one diabetic patients with Charcot deformities of the lower extremity were prospectively enrolled and followed for pin site complications following OREF for deformity correction. Active Leptospermum honey dressings were applied at metal-cutaneous interfaces at the end of the OREF procedure and replaced weekly for a total of 8 weeks. Patients were monitored for pin site infections from the time of surgery until external fixator removal. Sixteen consecutive patients receiving standard OREF for Charcot deformities were evaluated retrospectively to serve as a control group. Results. Of the 21 enrolled patients, 19 underwent OREF and followed up throughout the study period. Treated patients had a mean age of 58.5 years and mean body mass index measuring 33.3 kg/m2 as documented prior to surgery. The 15 patients with hemoglobin A1c labs drawn in the 3 months preceding surgery averaged 7.5. Fixators were removed at an average of 12.1 weeks after adequate bony healing. Of the 244 pin sites in 19 patients, 3 pin sites (1.2% of pins) in 2 patients (10.5% of patients) showed evidence of superficial infection. All infections resolved with oral antibiotics. Infection rates were significantly reduced when compared to the standard care control group. Conclusions. Pilot data in a prospectively collected case series demonstrate safety and efficacy of active Leptospermum honey–impregnated dressings when used for fine wire ringed fixator pin site care in diabetic Charcot deformity patients. Further investigation in the form of a prospective randomized controlled study is warranted to demonstrate the potential value of this novel intervention. Levels of Evidence: Level IV
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Xu, Wenying. "The Crisis of Regeneration in Ruth Ozeki’s My Year of Meats and All Over Creation." MELUS 45, no. 1 (2020): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlz066.
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Abstract Ruth Ozeki’s first two novels, My Year of Meats (1998) and All Over Creation (2002), bring into focus the crisis of regeneration that humans, animals, and plants face alike. My Year of Meats exposes and indicts the global meat industry for its association with contamination, deformity, disease, and violence, all of which impact life’s fertility. All Over Creation explores the conflicts of biodiversity versus monoculture and fecundity versus biotechnological control by presenting the quandaries regarding genetically modified potatoes in Idaho. In these contexts, Ozeki creates women characters who bear the sorrow and despair of being childless due to their exposure to toxins and other environmental contaminations. Her portrayals of meat and potato farming catalog the devastating assaults of patriarchy and capitalism against Earth and its inhabitants. This essay focuswa on the subject of infertility in these two novels. Moving from the juxtaposition of animal farming with women’s infertility to that of potato farming with women’s infertility, these two novels represent their author’s unswerving endeavor to deconstruct patriarchal dualism and to unite humans and Earth in their common crisis of regeneration. Hence, this essay argues that by drawing trans-species parallels between women and animals, women and plants, Ozeki exposes and condemns patriarchal and capitalist violence that is putting life’s regeneration in peril.
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Deguchi, Mari, Shunichiro Tsuji, Daisuke Katsura, Kyoko Kasahara, Fuminori Kimura, and Takashi Murakami. "Current Overview of Osteogenesis Imperfecta." Medicina 57, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050464.
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a heterogeneous disorder characterised by bone fragility, multiple fractures, bone deformity, and short stature. OI is a heterogeneous disorder primarily caused by mutations in the genes involved in the production of type 1 collagen. Severe OI is perinatally lethal, while mild OI can sometimes not be recognised until adulthood. Severe or lethal OI can usually be diagnosed using antenatal ultrasound and confirmed by various imaging modalities and genetic testing. The combination of imaging parameters obtained by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resource imaging (MRI) can not only detect OI accurately but also predict lethality before birth. Moreover, genetic testing, either noninvasive or invasive, can further confirm the diagnosis prenatally. Early and precise diagnoses provide parents with more time to decide on reproductive options. The currently available postnatal treatments for OI are not curative, and individuals with severe OI suffer multiple fractures and bone deformities throughout their lives. In utero mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been drawing attention as a promising therapy for severe OI, and a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of cell therapy is currently ongoing. In the future, early diagnosis followed by in utero stem cell transplantation should be adopted as a new therapeutic option for severe OI.
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Adhikari, Omkar. "Testing and Analysis of Fasteners." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38407.
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Abstract: By considering the tightening process, the experimental testing will be conducted to explore the mechanism of bolt selfloosening under biaxial loading. The most common mode of failure is overloading: Operating forces of the application produce loads that exceed the clamp load, causing the joint to loosen over time or fail catastrophically. Over torque might cause failure by damaging the threads and deforming the fastener, though this can happen over a very long time. Also, the bolts may fail under fatigue. The components used in the system are bolts, pneumatic cylinder and flow control valve. The pneumatic cylinder is actuated with the help of compressor. The flow of air in the cylinder will be controlled with the help of pneumatic cylinder which will be acted on the bolts in two directions that is from downward & upward direction. This means the load will be tensile and shearing load. The bolts are attached to the plates. Because of actuation of the pneumatic cylinder the bolts will become loose. These bolts will be tested by using biaxial loading. The result & conclusion was drawn after the experimental testing. Keywords: Bi-axial Loading, Fasteners, Bolt Loosening, Residual Torque, Fastener Overloading
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Kido, Masamitsu, Kazuya Ikoma, Toshihiro Hosokawa, Kan Imai, Masahiro Maki, Suzuyo Ohashi, and Toshikazu Kubo. "Reproducible measurements for radiographically assessing longitudinal tarsal axes of severe cavus or flatfoot deformity." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00287.
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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Calcaneal pitch and Meary’s angles are commonly used to assess longitudinal foot arches on lateral-view radiographs. Several different methods have been described in literatures to obtain the talar, first metatarsal, calcaneal, and plantar axes, but their reliability and reproducibility still remain to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the most reproducible methods for radiographically evaluating the longitudinal axes. Methods: Standing radiographic images of 40 feet from consecutive outpatients, 22 feet with a severe cavus deformity and 48 feet with a severe flatfoot deformity, were obtained to measure the longitudinal axes of the talus, first metatarsal, calcaneus and plantar surface by using six, five, four and three different methods, respectively, that were described in the previous reports (Figure). Interobserver and intraobserver correlation coefficients were calculated by three observers. Results: The best interobserver and intraobserver correlation coefficients were obtained for methods that used a line bisecting the angle formed by the lines tangential to the superior and inferior margins of the talus (Method B), a line connecting the center of the first metatarsal head and the midpoint of the visualized base of the first metatarsal (Method J), and a line drawn tangential to the inferior surface of the calcaneus (Method L). For the plantar axis, the method that used the horizontal plane [reference axis] was considered the best. Conclusion: The above mentioned methods were considered ideal for the radiographic assessment of longitudinal foot arches, even in severely deformed feet. This study could contribute to standardized assessments of foot deformities.
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Weiss, Hans-Rudolf, and Sarah Seibel. "Hemidystrophic Thorax Mimicking Scoliosis." Open Orthopaedics Journal 12, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001812010252.
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Background: We regularly use Angle of Trunk Rotation (ATR) measurements for scoliosis screening and also for clinical follow-up of our scoliosis patients under treatment. In some patients, when ATR measurements exceed the screening threshold but without a significant degree of curvature on the X-ray (Cobb angle), a Hemidystrophic Thorax (HDT) is diagnosed. The purpose of this paper was to present a case series of patients with this kind of thoracic deformity because this may be mimicking scoliosis to a significant degree. Materials and Methods: This case series is a consecutive series of patients where the first author detected a hemidystrophic thorax instead of or in combination with scoliosis. A 3D scan of the trunk was made and adjusted to the coordinates in order to achieve an upright orientation of the upper trunk. The scan was scaled in order to determine certain anatomic landmarks, as performed in preparation for bracing. The scan was cut horizontally at the xiphoid level and the plane at this level was analysed visually in order to detect deformations that were different to the typical scoliotic deformations in the horizontal plane. Results: Seven cases were analysed and described in more detail. Conclusion: The condition of HDT may lead to significant rib humps that mimic scoliosis. According to our case series, mild scoliosis can also be associated with HDT. HDT, according to the cases presented in this study, seems to be a relatively benign deformity. Long-term observations are necessary before a final conclusion can be drawn with respect to prognosis.
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Torralbo Caballero, Juan de Dios. "“For know, alas, I’m dumb, alas I love": Rhetoric of disability, female agency and tragedy in ‘The Dumb Virgin’." Sederi, no. 27 (2017): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34136/sederi.2017.8.
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This essay will focus on the two sisters of “The Dumb Virgin; or, The Force of Imagination,” addressing the crossover between disability studies, feminism and aesthetic theory. It will examine how art has the capacity to manipulate nature and how nature may be improved by the intervention of human industry. With this aesthetic duality, it will suggest that the writer reframes the concept of the ‘normal’ body, establishing a rhetoric of deformity and disability through the characters of Belvideera and Maria, both of whom overcome their natural disabilities by means of personal effort. Lastly, it will investigate the ‘misfortunes’ of several characters, paying particular attention to the educated nature of the two protagonists and how this poses a threat to the established order of society. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that their challenge to the social construct is directly responsible for the tragic climax of the narrative.
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Collins, Adjei-Antwi, Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo, Nketsiah James, and Joshua Tetteh. "MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PLANTAR ARCH INDEX AND THE PREVALENCE OF FLATFOOT AMONG TRIBES." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 8, no. 4.1 (November 10, 2020): 7782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.221.
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Flatfoot (pes planus), commonest foot deformity caused by the absence or collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Flatfoot results in serious health problems and postural defects. It is highly variable in different populations with many factors associated. This study was conducted to find the plantar arch index and the prevalence of flatfoot and its relationship with tribes in Ghana. A total of 278 participants (172 males and 106 females) with ages ranging from 16 to 34 years were recruited for the study. Ethical approval and participants’ informed consent were sought prior to the study. Participants were drawn from the Akan, Ewe, Ga-Dangbe and other tribes (Dagomba, Dagabaa, Frafra, Gonja, Wale Wale etc). Foot imprints were taken from each participant using the ink method. The plantar arch index was calculated using the ratio of the width of the central and the heel region of the footprint. The mean right plantar arch index was higher than the left. The prevalence of flatfoot was 15.1% (6.1% unilateral left, 5.8% unilateral right and 3.2% bilateral). The prevalence rate was 15.7% in males and 14.1% in females. The prevalence rates reported for the Ga-Dangbes and Ewes were 30.8% and 23.6% respectively. On the other hand, both Akans and individuals belonging to the other tribes recorded the same prevalence rate of 13.7%. Flatfoot was found to be high among the Ga-Dangbes. Ethnicity as an external factor has a great role in influencing foot arch structure. Also, sex has an influence on the morphology of an individual’s foot. KEY WORDS: Flatfoot, Pes planus, Foot deformity, Medial Longitudinal Arch.
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WALKER, RICHARD T., LUCY A. RAMSEY, and JAMES JACKSON. "Geomorphic evidence for ancestral drainage patterns in the Zagros Simple Folded Zone and growth of the Iranian plateau." Geological Magazine 148, no. 5-6 (March 15, 2011): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811000185.
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AbstractWe describe the geomorphology of a large (~10000 km2) internally draining region within the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt of Fars province, Iran. A series of wind gaps through fold crests and a continuous line of low-slope pixels in digital elevation models indicate the presence of an older, and now abandoned, through-going river system. We suggest, from the presence of the wind gaps, that the original through-going river system was abandoned as a direct result of fold growth. At present, through-going drainage in Fars is restricted to only two major rivers, the Kul and the Mand, which bound the margins of the internally drained region. The low gradients of the Kul and the Mand rivers are similar to those in topographic profiles drawn along the course of the abandoned drainage. The Mand and Kul rivers may be defeated in the future, causing an expansion of the internally drained region, and resulting in a profound change in the distribution of sediment and surface elevations within the Zagros. The internally draining part of the Zagros resembles the Central Iranian Plateau both in its geomorphology and in the apparently slow rates of deformation within it. We speculate that the development of internally drained basins and distribution of shortening within the range may be causally linked. The geomorphology that we describe might, therefore, record a stage in the southward expansion of the non-deforming and topographically high Central Iranian Plateau.
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Boutelier, David, Christoph Schrank, and Klaus Regenauer-Lieb. "2-D finite displacements and strain from particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) analysis of tectonic analogue models with TecPIV." Solid Earth 10, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 1123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1123-2019.
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Abstract. Image correlation techniques have provided new ways to analyse the distribution of deformation in analogue models of tectonics in space and time. Here, we demonstrate, using a new version of our software package (TecPIV), how the correlation of successive time-lapse images of a deforming model allows not only to evaluate the components of the strain-rate tensor at any time in the model but also to calculate the finite displacements and finite strain tensor. We illustrate with synthetic images how the algorithm produces maps of the velocity gradients, small-strain tensor components, incremental or instantaneous principal strains and maximum shear. The incremental displacements can then be summed up with Eulerian or Lagrangian summation, and the components of the 2-D finite strain tensor can be calculated together with the finite principal strain and maximum finite shear. We benchmark the measures of finite displacements using specific synthetic tests for each summation mode. The deformation gradient tensor is calculated from the deformed state and decomposed into the finite rigid-body rotation and left or right finite-stretch tensors, allowing the deformation ellipsoids to be drawn. The finite strain has long been the only quantified measure of strain in analogue models. The presented software package allows producing these finite strain measures while also accessing incremental measures of strain. The more complete characterisation of the deformation of tectonic analogue models will facilitate the comparison with numerical simulations and geological data and help produce conceptual mechanical models.
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Andjelkov, Katarina, Marcos Sforza, Renato Zaccheddu, Goran Lazovic, and Miodrag Colic. "No recurrence in otoplasty: Is that possible?" Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 9-10 (2010): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1010546a.
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Introduction. Otoplasty or correction of prominent ears, is one of most commonly performed surgeries in plastic surgery both in children and adults. Until nowadays, there have been more than 150 techniques described, but all with certain percentage of recurrence which varies from just a few up to 24.4%. Objective. The authors present an otoplasty technique, a combination of Mustardj?s original procedure with other techniques, which they have been using successfully in their everyday surgical practice for the last 9 years. The technique is based on posterior antihelical and conchal approach. Methods. The study included 102 patients (60 males and 42 females) operated on between 1999 and 2008. The age varied between 6 and 49 years. Each procedure was tailored to the aberrant anatomy which was analyzed after examination. Indications and the operative procedure are described in stepby- step detail accompanied by drawings and photos taken during the surgery. Results. All patients had bilateral ear deformity. In all cases was performed a posterior antihelical approach. The conchal reduction was done only when necessary and also through the same incision. The follow-up was from 1 to 5 years. There were no recurrent cases. A few minor complications were presented. Postoperative care, complications and advantages compared to other techniques are discussed extensively. Conclusion. All patients showed a high satisfaction rate with the final result and there was no necessity for further surgeries. The technique described in this paper is easy to reproduce even for young surgeons.
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Jiang, Lan, Kejian Ma, Huagang Zhang, Qin Wu, Hongna Lu, and Qizhu Yang. "Seismic Behavior of Shear Connectors of Steel Vierendeel Sandwich Plate." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (June 12, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8047393.
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As a new type of floor structure, steel vierendeel sandwich plates are widely applied in large-span buildings with multiple storeys. Shear connectors are important stressed members of such plates. To evaluate the seismic performance of the shear connectors, a full-scale test piece in two different connection forms, namely, A and B, is designed and tested under alternating load. Test analysis of the two connection specimens covers the failure modes, hysteresis curves, and main parameters (e.g., bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation coefficient). The following results concerning type A connection are obtained: First, it exhibits good ductility and long yielding platform; second, elastoplasticity of steel is fully exerted with it; third, it absorbs and dissipates energy well with strong energy consumption; and fourth, when failure occurs, cracks usually happen in the heat-affected zone of the weld in the core zone. The following conclusions about type B are drawn: first, it has large bearing capacity with high stiffness; also, when failure occurs, the ribbed stiffeners crack and flexion deformity happen.
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Hatem, Munif, Scott J. Nimmons, Anthony Nicholas Khoury, and Hal David Martin. "Spinopelvic Parameters Do Not Predict the Sagittal Orientation of the Acetabulum." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 232596712095742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120957420.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The orientation of the acetabulum has a fundamental role in impingement and instability of the hip, and the spinopelvic parameters are thought to predict the sagittal orientation of the acetabulum (SOA). However, similar to the acetabular version (axial orientation) and inclination (coronal orientation), the cephalic or caudal orientation of the acetabulum in the sagittal plane, or SOA, may primarily be an intrinsic feature of the acetabulum itself. Purpose: To determine whether the spinopelvic parameters predict the sagittal orientation of the acetabulum in individuals without lumbar deformity. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 89 patients (94 hips; 62 female, 27 male; mean ± SD age, 45.9 ± 15.4 years) without lumbosacral deformity who underwent magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) for assessment of hip pain. The SOA was determined in the sagittal cut MRA. A line was drawn at the distal limit of the anterior and posterior acetabular horns longitudinally to the transverse ligament, and the angle between this line and the axial plane represented the SOA. The sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and spinopelvic tilt were determined using a 3-dimensional cursor and the axial, sagittal, and coronal cuts. All MRA studies were performed with the patient in the supine position. Results: The SOA had a mean ± SD cephalic orientation of 18° ± 6.6°. No significant correlation was observed between the SOA and the sacral slope ( r = –0.03; P = .77). A weak correlation was observed between the SOA and the pelvic incidence ( r = 0.22; P = .03) and between the SOA and the spinopelvic tilt ( r = 0.41; P < .01). Conclusion: The SOA cannot be presumed based on the spinopelvic parameter. Similar to the well-known parameters to assess the axial and coronal orientation of the acetabulum, the assessment of the SOA demands acetabular-specific parameters. Additional studies are necessary to assess the SOA in asymptomatic hips, including disparities between genders. Clinically significant values for abnormal SOA of the acetabulum remain to be defined.
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Chattopadhyay, Debarati, Madhubari Vathulya, Praveen Jayaprakash, Akshay Kapoor, Vaishali Verma, and Rajnish Arora. "Occipitofrontal switch for correction of anterior plagiocephaly planned through virtual mock surgery." Surgical Neurology International 12 (April 8, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_757_2020.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Unilateral coronal synostosis causing anterior plagiocephaly can result in restricted brain development and severe facial deformities. Various surgical procedures have been described for the correction of this deformity. Cranial vault remodeling, however, is associated with several complications. Occipitofrontal switching is a novel technique which utilizes a part of the contralateral occipital bone to reconstruct the frontal area. This is the first such case reported from India and first report where virtual mock surgery has been utilized for precision and improving outcome in this elegant procedure. Case Description: A 5-year-old girl presented with left anterior plagiocephaly. 3D image of her skull was reconstructed using Geomagic Freeform software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). Measurements were accurately drawn and the procedure was practised virtually before performing the occipitofrontal switch on the patient. There were minimal blood loss and postoperative morbidity. One year follow-up of the patient showed optimal correction of the defect in the forehead region, symmetrical shape of the frontal and occipital region and symmetrical brows. Conclusion: The technique of occipitofrontal switch for correction of anterior plagiocephaly is an elegant procedure with good functional and aesthetic outcome.
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Sanghani, Devyani, Sangeeta H. Toshikhane, Lal Ravi Sahu, and Kritika Thakur. "Management of Vatarakta with Mustadi Yapan Basti: A Case Study." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.1823.
Full textAbstract:
Vatarakta is a disease mentioned in Ayurveda involving Vata Dosha imbalance affecting Rakta Dhatu, where the Vayu is exacerbated by long distance rides on animals such as elephants, camels, horses, and Rakta or blood is vitiated by the ingestion of Lavana, Amla, Katu, Kshara, etc. The Vata, whose passages are covered by Rakta further undergoes vitiation and further contaminates the Rakta or blood. Vayu's vitiated blood later burns the entire blood in the body and gravitates towards the limbs later. This vitiated Vata and Rakta is called Vatarakta. On the basis of etiopathology, Vatarakta may also be linked to Gout. A 52 years old female patient approached the OPD with the chief complaints of: Acute pain in all major and minor joint and Deformity on upper limb fingers in the last one year. The patient was given completely Ayurvedic medicines and Panchakarma therapies for 10 days, and Only Ayurvedic medicines on discharge were later moved and the findings were noticeably seen. Hence this study was taken to prove that Ayurvedic management with Mustadi Yapana Basti has remarkable results on Vatarakta (Gout). Observations and outcomes were drawn on the basis of measurement criteria. During analysis, discussion was carried out on the basis of whole findings. On the basis of the outcome, conclusions were taken.