Relevant bibliographies by topics / Deformation (Structural Analysis)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Deformation (Structural Analysis)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Deformation (Structural Analysis)"

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Kushnareva, G., N. Ismailova, I. Radchenko, T. Rabocha, and L. Kucherenko. "STRUCTURAL DAMAGE ANALYSIS." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 30, no. 1 (2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2021-12-19.

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The ability of materials to retain the required set of properties under the action of operational loads on the structure is determined by the structural changes that occur under such loads. From the first days of operation, under the influence of force factors, the environment and time, the strength and deformation properties of structures of buildings and structures change. The solution to the main task of construction science - reducing material consumption in construction, is inextricably linked with the need for constant study and refinement of the strength and deformation characteristics of building materials and structures, as well as a change in their bearing capacity over time and an assessment of the working capacity (resource) reserve when setting an external power load. Based on the fundamental position that under the action of a load, a deformation process occurs in the construction material, which is accompanied by irreversible processes of their appearance, development and accumulation of damage to the structure of the material, and, as a result, leads to destruction, we come to the conclusion that it is necessary to carefully study the strength of wooden designs taking into account this phenomenon. There is a need to comprehensively study the issues of damage accumulation in wooden structures under the action of loads and the related processes of changing the cross-sectional area and bearing capacity, to use the research results when calculating structures. This makes it possible to reduce material consumption and make the sections of wooden structures more economical and avoid excessive safety margins. Therefore, an important manifestation is the fixation of cracks and internal interfaces, which allows one to quantify the integral damage of the structure material to predict their safe functioning. The authors considered analytical dependences for the description of disseminated injuries that follow from physical considerations or are constructed from some mechanical models of the process of long-term damage. Three main types of models have been identified: force, deformation and energy. Experimental studies of normal stress diagrams make it possible to visually record the formation of folds in the compressed zone, as well as calculate the value of the instantaneous elastic and viscoelastic components of total deformation. A measure of the accumulation of damage in a material is damage. In this work, the damage was calculated based on the known specific parameters of the material: deflections, relative deformations and changes in the number of acoustic emission signals. The graphs of the dependence of damage on the load were built: - on the development of deflections; - on the development of fibrous deformations; - on the development of deflections and acoustic emission (relative load); - on the development of fibrous deformations (relative load); This scientific work is a logical continuation of previous studies of damage to wooden structures. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the strength, deformability of wooden beams under the influence of a static load. The direction of improving the methodology for designing wooden structures and determining the residual resource has not been reflected in the technical literature. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of them.
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Nurul Misbah, Muhammad, Septia Hardy Sujiatanti, Dony Setyawan, Rizky Chandra Ariesta, and Satriyo Rahmadianto. "Structural Analysis on the Block Lifting in Shipbuilding Construction Process." MATEC Web of Conferences 177 (2018): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817701027.

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Deformation is unavoidable in some stages of the ship production process. Deformation occurs when the blocks are lifted in an erroneous eye pad position. The aim of this study was to determine behaviour of the ship structures during assembly and lifting process. A typical tanker was used as the basic structural shape. The bottom structures was modeled to be analyzed. In this study, deformations and stresses on the bottom structures during the block lifting are investigated using the finite element method. The deformations and stresses are evaluated and critical condition detected. The preferable block lifting method with the minimum distortion on the bottom structures of tanker is proposed.
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Qin, Hong Wu, Qi Tang Wang, Wen Hua Yang, Zheng Sheng Li, and Ren He. "Research on Structural Analysis of Steering Based on Thermal-Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2510.

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Stiffness and strength of the electric power steering structure were analyzed based on Catia, HyperMesh and ANSYS. Then, the influence of temperature on the stiffness of every component was also studied. The results indicate that the maximum deformations of the worm and worm wheel occur in the centre of the tooth top and their shape approximate ellipse. The deformation of the tail end of the worm-wheel shaft is large, and the limited groove area contracting the splined shaft and the steel ball bears large stress. The temperature load has some impact on the stress and deformation of components. The deformations of the components gradually enlarge with the increasing of the temperature, but the variations are not large. The stiffness and strength of steering can meet the design requirements.
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Zhang, Guoxin, Zhengqi Lei, and Heng Cheng. "Shear Creep Simulation of Structural Plane of Rock Mass Based on Discontinuous Deformation Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1582825.

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Numerical simulations of the creep characteristics of the structural plane of rock mass are very useful. However, most existing simulation methods are based on continuum mechanics and hence are unsuitable in the case of large displacements and deformations. The discontinuous deformation analysis method proposed by Genhua is a discrete one and has a significant advantage when simulating the contacting problem of blocks. In this study, we combined the viscoelastic rheological model of Burgers with the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. We also derived the recurrence formula for the creep deformation increment with the time step during numerical simulations. Based on the minimum potential energy principle, the general equilibrium equation was derived, and the shear creep deformation in the structural plane was considered. A numerical program was also developed and its effectiveness was confirmed based on the curves obtained by the creep test of the structural plane of a rock mass under different stress levels. Finally, the program was used to analyze the mechanism responsible for the creep features of the structural plane in the case of the toppling deformation of the rock slope. The results showed that the extended DDA method is an effective one.
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Tang, Zheng-Xue, and Ron Postle. "Deformation Analysis of 3D Braided Structural Composites." Textile Research Journal 73, no. 7 (July 2003): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750307300701.

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Zhou, Jinzhu, Baofu Tang, Jianfeng Zhong, Yajing Ma, and Jin Huang. "Deformation analysis and experiments for functional surface of composite antenna structure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 5 (February 17, 2017): 895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217694064.

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Composite structure with embedded microstrip antenna array is a multifunctional structure that can provide the capabilities of a panel skin structure and a radar antenna simultaneously, and it is usually installed in the structural surface of the air, water, and ground vehicles. The environmental load under in-service conditions leads to structural deformations of the composite antenna structure. In this paper, theoretical analysis and experimental validations were presented to investigate the deformations of the functional surface in the composite antenna structure. An electromechanical coupling analysis method was proposed to evaluate the performance of the deformed composite antenna structure subjected to external loads. Composite antenna structure specimens were designed, fabricated, and measured. Using the specimens, experimental systems were built to investigate the deformation. The results show that structural deformation decreases the electromagnetic performance of the composite antenna. The coupling analysis method can be applied to evaluate the performance of the deformed composite antenna structure at the design stage.
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Skorupska, Monika, Mariusz Kulczyk, Piotr Denis, Dominik Grzęda, Anna Czajka, and Joanna Ryszkowska. "Structural Hierarchy of PA6 Macromolecules after Hydrostatic Extrusion." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093435.

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This article presents the influence of severe plastic deformation by hydrostatic extrusion (HE) on the thermal and structural properties of polyamide 6 (PA6). During the hydrostatic extrusion process, a fibrous structure oriented along the extrusion direction is formed, which was visualized during microscopic observations. The degree of crystallinity was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Wide-angle X-ray scattering diffraction (WAXS) analysis was used to partially characterize the PA6 structure after the HE process. The contents of various forms of the crystalline phase in PA6 samples before and after the HE process were analyzed in fragments of spectroscopy in infrared (FTIR). The favorable properties of PA6 after the HE process were obtained after deformation under conditions generating an adiabatic temperature higher than the glass transition temperature and lower than the temperature of the onset of melting of the crystalline phase. Thermal analysis using DSC allowed us to conclude that in the PA6 after the HE process generating deformations in the range of 0.68–1.56, the proportion of the crystalline phase α increases in PA6. As the deformation increases in the HE process, the crystalline phase proportion increases by 12% compared to the initial material (before HE). The glass transition temperature of PA6 is ca. 50.6 °C, reduced for the sample after the HE process at a small deformation of 0.68 (PA6_0.68) to ca. 44.2 °C. For other samples, Tg is ca. 53.2–53.5 °C. As a result of the analysis of WAXS diffractograms of PA6 samples after various deformations in the HE process, the presence of typical peaks of phases α1 and α2 and γ was observed. The results of the FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirm these observations that as the deformation increases, the proportion of the crystalline phase α increases.
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Zeng, Ke Hao, Run Hua Guo, and Hong Xue Li. "Structural Response Analysis of Highways under Heavy Loads." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.204.

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As China's economic development, substantial growth in traffic, the importance of subgrade in road construction is escalated. Under the vehicle load, subgrade deformation will continue to accumulate and ultimately lead to subgrade permanent deformation. Excessive permanent deformation of subgrade soil will cause enormous economic losses, especially in rutting deformation, and have a direct impact on road performance in safety and comfort. Meanwhile, permanent deformation of subgrade will affect the structural performance of pavement, causing the other forms of damage. For example, the emergence and strengthening of reflective cracking, or accelerated fatigue failure because of too heavy tensile strain (or tensile stress) on the underside of the surface layer, and then caused great negative impact on the pavement structure and service performance. This article examines the role of high-speed heavy traffic load characteristics, and set up finite element model analysis for semi-rigid road structure, the most widely used internal road style, to obtain the mechanical response characteristics under high-speed heavy traffic loads.
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Adewole, K. K., and Oladejo O. Joy. "Finite-element block shear failure deformation-to-fracture failure analysis." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 4 (April 2020): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0498.

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This paper presents the finite-element (FE) block shear failure (BSF) deformation-to-fracture analysis. FE analysis reveals the following: BSF begins with bolt – bolt hole contact point compressive yielding and not the tensile or shear yielding reported in the literature. BSF does not result from the combination of the gauge tensile plane tensile deformation and the shear plane pure shear deformation alone as reported in the literature and codes. BSF results from compressive deformation of the bolt – bolt hole contact points, tensile deformation of bolt hole portions not in contact with the bolts, gauge tensile plane and edge distance tensile plane deformations in combination with pure shear deformation and a combined shear and tensile bending deformation of the portions of the shear planes near to and remote from the bolt – bolt hole contact points, respectively. This study provides a better understanding of the BSF mechanism, BSF total load-bearing areas, and various resistances to deformation that contribute to the block shear capacity.
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Luo, Y. F., C. G. Deng, G. Q. Li, and Y. M. He. "Structural Analysis of FAST Reflector Supporting System." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 182 (2001): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100001032.

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AbstractAccording to the deformation and movement requirements of the FAST reflector, a multipurpose analysis, including the load-bearing behavior, deformation, construction costs of the reflector supporting structure and its model, is presented in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of steel and aluminum alloy structures are also discussed and compared through detailed design calculations under load-bearing capacity and normal working conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Deformation (Structural Analysis)"

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Lustig, Steven K. "Microstructural analysis of finite deformation in FCC polycrystals." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15916.

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Raziq, Noor. "GPS structural deformation monitoring : the mid-height problem /." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3340.

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GPS has been used to monitor engineering structures for a number of reasons. One important reason for monitoring high rise buildings (and other engineering structures) is their safety assessment in events of extreme loading, such as earthquakes and storms. Decisions must be made as soon as possible, whether to allow re-occupation of such buildings, or to assess them for further damage. The time required to reach such decisions is cost-critical, both for the building owner or manager and for the agency doing the assessment. Peak inter-storey drift ratio and detection of permanent damage are some of the damage assessment parameters recommended by assessment agencies. Traditionally, accelerometers have been used to monitor these parameters. Accelerometers measure accelerations which are double-integrated to get displacements. These double integrated displacements are then used for computing the inter-storey drift ratios and locating permanent damage. Displacements obtained by double-integration and inter-storey drift ratios by subtraction of these displacements, are often erroneous and unreliable and direct measurement of displacement is preferred. Direct measurement of displacement is required at a number of points along the height of the building. For example, for computing inter-storey drift ratios, measurements of displacement at both the floor level and roof level are required. Such points on buildings and other engineering structures of vertical profile are termed as mid-height points in this thesis. While GPS has been used for deformation monitoring of engineering structures and to assist in damage assessment during and after extreme loading events, its use has been limited to roof top installations.
This research is an attempt to measure displacements at mid-height locations of engineering structures of vertical profile using GPS. (For complete abstract open document).
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Smith, Michael. "Elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of beams and shells using finite elements." Thesis, Kingston University, 1987. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20513/.

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The complete analysis of problems of solid mechanics must include the nonlinear effects of large deformations, inelastic material behaviour and changing boundary conditions. The finite element analysis of such problems using continuum finite elements is well established. However, the analysis of such problems using structural finite elements such as beams, plates and shells is still subject to restrictions which do not apply to continuum elements. The removal of these restrictions is important because (i) structural finite elements are widely used in current engineering practice (ii) the reduced number of variables associated with these elements leads to greater computational efficiency. The work carried out and reported in this thesis addresses the following areas of finite element analysis; the geometrically nonlinear analysis of two- and three-dimensional beams subject to arbitrarily large displacements and rotations; the elasto-plastic analysis of two- and three-dimensional beams using both multi-fibre and stress resultant approaches; the nonlinear analysis of two-dimensional reinforced concrete beams; the elasto-plastic analysis of shells using both the multi-layer and stress resultant approaches. A wide range of two- and three-dimensional problems have been analysed and the results reported. These problems cover a large number of two-dimensional beam, frame and arch problems including geometric and material nonlinearity. Results are compared with simple beam theory, other analytical solutions such as elliptic integrals, other finite element results and experimentation. Other problems analysed are three-dimensional beams with geometric and material nonlinearity, imperfect steel plates subject to large deformation elasto-plastic behaviour and two sample shell problems of practical application.
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McQueen, Penelope. "Analysis of structural deformation of the Upper Cretaceous and tertiary sequences, Timor Sea /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbm173.pdf.

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Mitchell, Frances. "Structural analysis of brittle deformation features along Grenvillian shear zones in southeastern Ontario." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/496.

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Soncco, K., X. Jorge, and R. A. Arciniega. "Postbuckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625602.

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This paper studies the geometrically non-linear bending behavior of functionally graded beams subjected to buckling loads using the finite element method. The computational model is based on an improved first-order shear deformation theory for beams with five independent variables. The abstract finite element formulation is derived by means of the principle of virtual work. High-order nodal-spectral interpolation functions were utilized to approximate the field variables which minimizes the locking problem. The incremental/iterative solution technique of Newton's type is implemented to solve the nonlinear equations. The model is verified with benchmark problems available in the literature. The objective is to investigate the effect of volume fraction variation in the response of functionally graded beams made of ceramics and metals. As expected, the results show that transverse deflections vary significantly depending on the ceramic and metal combination.
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Alten, John Michael. "Structural Analysis and brittle Deformation – Groundwater Relationships of the Rough Creek Fault Zone (RCFZ), Western Kentucky, USA." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1116336135.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geology, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 72 p., [64] plates : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-71).
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Metin, Asli. "Inelastic Deformation Demands On Moment-resisting Frame Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607423/index.pdf.

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Interstory drift ratio is an important parameter for the determination of the structural performance under strong ground motions. A probabilistic procedure is proposed in this study to estimate the inelastic maximum interstory drift ratio. The procedure considers the uncertainties associated with the strong ground motions and structural behavior. Elastic and inelastic response history analyses of reinforced-concrete, moment-resisting frames are used together with a near-fault strong ground motion data set to derive the probabilistic procedure. The elastic and inelastic response history analysis results are evaluated in a statistical manner to present the probabilistic approach proposed here. The method presented basically makes use of the fundamental mode properties of the frame systems and modifies the elastic maximum interstory drift ratio by a modifying factor that is determined from the idealized lateral strength capacity (pushover analysis) of the structure. As a part of this thesis, the performance of recently improved nonlinear static procedures that are used in estimating the deformation demands on structural systems are also evaluated using the single- and multi-degree-of-freedom response history analyses results obtained during the conduct of the study.
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Brown, Clint M. "Structural Analysis of the Mitten Park Reverse Fault and Related Deformation in Dinosaur National Monument, Northwestern Colorado and Northeastern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6704.

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An integrated field and structural analysis of the Mitten Park fault-fold structure, northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah, examines its structural origin. The Mitten Park structure is a modified fault-propagation-fold. This new model incorporates faulting, folding, and fracturing in one deformational event to produce the Mitten Park fault and associated monocline. The largest structure in the study area is the Mitten Park fault and associated monocline. The Mitten Park fault has approximately 127 meters (415 feet) of net slip, strikes S28°W and dips 55°WNW. In the footwall, net shortening was accommodated by reverse and normal faulting. Faulting was the result of northwest-southeast directed shortening. Reverse faulting accommodated the majority of the fault-related strain along the fault's trace and resulted in net shortening. However, normal faults in the overturned limb of the footwall of the Mitten Park fault also accommodated northwest-southeast directed shortening. Folds in the study area are asymmetrical and statistically cylindrical in both the footwall and the hanging wall. Folding facilitates northwest-southeast directed shortening. There is a direct correlation between changes in the strike and dip of the fault plane and changes in the trend and plunge of fold axis in the footwall. Fracture orientations show no significant variation in geometry from hanging wall to footwall. Fracture intensity increases with proximity to the Mitten Park fault. Balanced cross sections of the Mitten Park area use a modified fault-propagation- fold model and are also constrained by field observations and interlimb angles of folds. Total shortening in the study area is 13.5% and was accommodated by the hanging wall, the footwall, and the Mitten Park fault. The hanging wall accommodated 70.8% of total shortening, the footwall accommodated 14.9% of total shortening, and the Mitten Park fault accommodated 14.3% of total shortening. The significant amount of strain in the footwall of the fault is different from classical models of fault-propagation-folds, which depict a rigid undeformed footwall.
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Muñoz, García Marina, and Sierra Juan Carlos Hurtado. "Structural analysis of the 17th century warship Vasa : Influence of the dowels on the stiffness of the hull." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10114.

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After 333 years under depths of the Baltic Sea, the warship Vasa was salvaged and nowadayslies in a dry dock inside the Vasa Museum in Stockholm. Its current support system, which consists on eighteen cradle-stanchions pairs of steel, is not able to handle the present loads in a satisfactory manner. Experimental tests showed that the Vasa's hull is gradually deforming mainly due to creep behavior. Thus, in order to preserve the Vasa for future generations, a new support system has to be implemented in a foreseeable future. There are several factors to take into consideration for its construction, which are: the degradation of the oak, its current mechanical properties and its inhomogeneity in addition to the climatic conditions of the Museum and the impossibility of taking unlimited specimens for its analysis. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the areas where the stresses and deformations are critical in the ship and how affected is the stiffness of the hull, its most important component. In this dissertation work two Finite Element Analyses are accomplished. The first study consists on the creation of a superelement of a section of Vasa's hull with the intention of investigating the influence of the dowels on the stiffness of the hull. In the second analysis a simplied model of the entire warship Vasa is created in order to analyze it and locate possible critical areas on the hull due to its own weight and the stresses originated by the support system. The software selected for these simulations are Abaqus and CreoSimulate 2.0. From the first study it is concluded that that the dowels do not have a signicant influence in the stiffness coeffcients of the hull. The second analysis determines that the maximum stresses are located on the bottom part of the hull. This dissertation work concludes with a suggested future work.
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Books on the topic "Deformation (Structural Analysis)"

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Reilly, Brian Arthur. Structural analysis of the Paint Lake Deformation Zone, Northern Ontario. St. Catharines [Ont.]: Dept. of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1987.

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Johnson, Arvid M. Folding of viscous layers: Mechanical analysis and interpretation of structures in deformed rock. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

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Chuang, T. J., and J. W. Rudnicki. Multiscale deformation and fracture in materials and structures: The James R. Rice 60th anniversary volume. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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J, Chuang T., Rudnicki J. W, and Rice J. R, eds. Multiscale deformation and fracture in materials and structures: The James R. Rice 60th anniversary volume. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Reddy, J. N. A refined shear deformation theory for the analysis of laminated plates. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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Nachatilo, S. A. Structural analysis of Archean rocks in the Negaunee area, Michigan: Constraints on Archean versus early Proterozoic deformation. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Turcotte, Donald Lawson. Analysis of regional deformation and strain accumulation data adjacent to the San Andreas Fault: Final technical report, November 1, 1986 - December 31, 1991. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Quintus, H. L. Von. Calibration of rutting models for structural and mix design. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2012.

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A, Felippa Carlos, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A three-dimensional nonlinear timoshenko beam based on the corecongruential formulation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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A, Felippa Carlos, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A three-dimensional nonlinear timoshenko beam based on the corecongruential formulation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Deformation (Structural Analysis)"

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Zhu, Weidong, Xiwen Zhang, and Liangliang Zhang. "Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of Large Diameter Shield Tunnel with Construction Load." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 455–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_41.

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AbstractWith the rapid development of the method of shield tunnel in our country, the shield in the tunnel and the internal structure exist a lot of prefabricated and assembled internal structure can be roughly divided into full cast-in-place, full precast, and precast and cast-in-place structure. However, it has the disadvantages of more internal structural joints, poor waterproof performance, and complex structural stress. Therefore, combined with the actual engineering case, the construction process is simulated by using the finite element analysis software, and the influence of the segmental and internal structure cooperative deformation and joint mechanical performance is considered to further analyze the deformation characteristics of shield tunnel assembly internal structure, which can provide a reference for the construction and design of similar projects.
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Nishida, Hirobumi. "A structural analysis of curve deformation by discontinuous transformations." In Advances in Structural and Syntactical Pattern Recognition, 269–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61577-6_28.

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Lavate, P. S., and Sandeep Shiyekar. "Flexure Analysis of Functionally Graded (FG) Plates Using Reddy’s Shear Deformation Theory." In Advances in Structural Engineering, 25–34. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2190-6_3.

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Zhang, Canhui. "An Orthogonalization Approach for Basic Deformation Modes and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Stress Elements." In Computational Structural Engineering, 1037–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2822-8_116.

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Sit, Moumita, Chaitali Ray, and Dhiraj Biswas. "Thermal Stress Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates Using Third Order Shear Deformation Theory." In Advances in Structural Engineering, 149–56. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2190-6_14.

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Carlsson, L. A., and G. A. Kardomateas. "Classical and First-Order Shear Deformation Analysis of Sandwich Plates." In Structural and Failure Mechanics of Sandwich Composites, 39–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3225-7_3.

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Lew, Jiann-Shiun. "Static Deformation Analysis for Structural Health Monitoring of a Large Dam." In Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection, Volume 7, 67–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15230-1_8.

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Feng, Y., Q. Wang, D. Wu, and W. Gao. "Machine Learning-Aided Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 347–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_36.

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AbstractA machine learning (ML) technique was used to assist in the dynamic analysis of mixed geometric and material nonlinearities of real-life engineering structures. Various types of inputs of system properties were considered in the 3D dynamic geometric elastoplastic analysis, giving a series of realistic nonlinear descriptions of complex, large deformation structural behaviors. To resolve the numerical challenges of solving the mixed nonlinear problems, a newly established ML technique using a new cluster-based extended support vector regression (X-SVR) algorithm was applied. With this technique, a surrogate model can be built at each time step in the Newmark time integration process, which can then be used to predict the deflection, force and stress of the relevant structural performance at different loading time stages. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework, practical engineering applications with linear and nonlinear properties are fully demonstrated, and the nonlinear behavior of the structure under predicted working conditions in the future was predicted and verified in numerical studies.
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Asahina, Tadashi, Insu Jeon, Kiyotaka Katou, and Tsutomu Sonoda. "Nondestructive Structural Analysis on Deformation Properties of Highly Porous Aluminum Material." In Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation I, 1395–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-412-x.1395.

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Asahina, Tadashi, Insu Jeon, Kiyotaka Katou, and Tsutomu Sonoda. "Structural Analysis on Anisotropic Deformation Properties of Highly Porous Aluminum Material." In Materials Science Forum, 1665–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.1665.

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Conference papers on the topic "Deformation (Structural Analysis)"

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Shults, Roman. "Structural analysis of monitoring results of long-span roof structures." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13893.

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The concept of analysis of geodetic monitoring results solely from a geometric point of view is recognized as an obsolete approach. A complex analysis of geodetic measurements (geometric approach) and the structure stress-strain analysis (mechanical approach) allows obtaining the whole picture of any engineering structure displacements. The detailed scheme of the structural analysis of geospatial monitoring results of the long-span roof structures has been given in the presented paper. The results of the geospatial monitoring of the large warehouse have been chosen as a study subject. The structure's roof consists of planar trusses, the main objects of external loads combined with dead loads. According to the complex analysis procedure, the trusses were analyzed using the method of joints with the determination of partial member forces. At the next step, these forces were leveraged in the following order member force–member deformation–node displacement. To obtain the actual displacements of the truss nodes, one has to account for the vertical displacements of the leaning points where the truss touched the column. That step is also being accomplished using the method of joints. Having the actual node displacements, one may compare them with geodetic monitoring results. The comparison results generally allow us to reveal the places with unacceptable displacements and estimate whether they are determined with the necessary accuracy. In this particular case, the final node's displacements were yielded as an output of combined analysis, both geometric and mechanical. That, in turn, lets to acquire the deformation process's genuine parameters. The study results have shown the high efficiency of the presented research methodology.
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Cartiaux, François-Baptiste, Gian Carlo Olivetti, Valeria Fort, and Patrice M. Pelletier. "Preserving the heritage of world’s monuments through Structural Health Monitoring – A case study: the Garisenda Tower." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13787.

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The Italian peninsula has numerous heritage structures, including fifty-five sites registered under the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, living testimonies of the passage of man through times. Heritage structures are subject to aging and impact from the climate, resulting in deterioration of the structural behaviour. These phenomena can significantly reduce their usability, or even undermine the stability, and eventually induce safety, and rehabilitation issues. For those primary reasons, increasing attention is given by local authorities to understand the behaviour of structures and take the right action at the right time. To preserve the cultural heritage, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is becoming more important, as it allows to follow the evolution of structural behaviour. The study of meaningful variables allows to identify the activated structural mechanisms and, consequently, implement timely actions against ongoing degradation phenomena. A notable example is represented by the activities undertaken by the Municipality of Bologna on the Torre della Garisenda. The structure is monitored since 2019 to study the behaviour of its basement through measurements collected by deformation and temperature sensors. The installed monitoring system allows to carry out numerous analyses: evaluation of the structural response under dynamic actions, study of the evolution of the static behaviour of the tower and analysis of the effects induced by seasonal thermal variations. Advanced algorithms for data analysis allow to develop critical analysis and interpretation on the obtained results, providing information to support decision making process. Indications on the functionality of the system and typical examples of the collected results are provided.
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Tomaszkiewicz, Karolina, and Tomasz Owerko. "Deep machine learning in bridge structures durability analysis." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13884.

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According to Eurocode 0 structural durability is next to ultimate and serviceability one of the basic criteria in the structural design process. This article discusses the subject of concrete cracks observation in bridge structures, as one of the factors determining their durability. The durability of bridge structures is important due to both social, economic aspects and also the defense aspects of countries. Cracking of the reinforced concrete structures is a natural effect in concrete. The aim in the design and construction of structures is not to prevent the formation of cracks, but to limit their width to acceptable values. At the same time, there is a need for structure tests that allow for non-contact, fast measurements and algorithms that allow for efficient analysis of large amounts of measurement data. Deep machine learning algorithms can be used here. They can be used to analyse data which are acquired by means of photogrammetric methods (especially helpful during construction to inventory concealed works). Moreover, they can also be applied to standard data acquisition methods, consisting in photographing objects damage during works acceptance or periodic inspections. This paper discusses the application of deep machine learning to assess the condition of bridge structures based on photographs of object damage. The use of this method makes it possible to observe the rate and extent of damage development. Consequently, this method makes it possible to predict the development of damage in time and space in order to prevent failures and take structures out of service.
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Samareh, Jamshid. "Multidisciplinary aerodynamic-structural shape optimization using deformation (MASSOUD)." In 8th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4911.

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Chattopadhyay, Aditi, and Ruijiang Guo. "A design sensitivity analysis technique for composites undergoing finite elastoplastic deformation." In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1542.

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LIU, CHENLONG, YONGBO YUAN, KEYU HUANG, and MINGYUAN ZHANG. "Comparison Analysis of German and Chinese Code for Deformation Measure." In Structural Health Monitoring 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2017/14243.

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GRAVES, WILLIAM, and DAVID LATTANZI. "FULL-SCALE DEFORMATION FIELD MEASUREMENTS VIA PHOTOGRAMMETRIC REMOTE SENSING." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36298.

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3D remote sensing technologies have improved dramatically over the past five years and methods such as laser scanning and photogrammetry are now capable of reliably resolving geometric details on the order of one millimeter or less. This has significant impacts for the structural health monitoring community, as it has expanded the range of mechanics-driven problems that these methods can be employed on. In this work, we explore how 3D geometric measurements extracted from photogrammetric point clouds can be leveraged for structural analysis and measurement of structural deformations without physically contacting the target structure. Here we present a non-destructive evaluation technique for extracting and quantifying structural deformations as applied to a load test on a highway bridge in Delaware. The challenging nature of 3D point cloud data means that statistical methods must be employed to adequately evaluate the deformation field of the bridge. Overall, the results show a direct pathway from 3D imaging to fundamental mechanical analysis with measurements that capture the true deformation values typically within one standard deviation. These results are promising given that the mid-span deformation of the bridge for the given load test is on the scale of only a few millimeters. Future work for this method will also investigate using these results for updating finite element models.
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Herbst, Brian, Steve Meyer, Steve Forrest, Steve Syson, Anthony Sances, and Srirangam Kumaresan. "Analysis of Structural Deformation in Vehicular Drop Studies." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32644.

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Various tests are used to evaluate the roof strength of production vehicles. Dynamic rollover tests have been conducted as part of FMVSS 208 and static evaluation using FMVSS 216. The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) is investigating methods to upgrade FMVSS 216 roof crush resistance to reduce injuries and fatalities in passenger cars, pickup trucks, vans, and multipurpose passenger vehicles from roof intrusion in rollover crashes (1). Roof crush intrusion is estimated to occur and potentially contribute to about 26 percent of serious or fatal injuries. Motor vehicle rollovers have been a concern for more that 30 years because they carry a very high risk of occupant death or risk compared to other types of crashes (2).
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ANDERSON, MELVIN, and DAVID KENNEDY. "Inclusion of transverse shear deformation in exact buckling and vibration analysis of composite plate assemblies." In 33rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2287.

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Pai, Shantaram S., N. Bhattacharya, and Vinod K. Nagpal. "Probabilistic Structural Analysis of Annular Deformation Resistance Welding Process." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23569.

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An effort has been ongoing to integrate manufacturing process simulations with probabilistic structural analyses in order to capture the important impacts of manufacturing uncertainties on component stress levels and life. A physics-based manufacturing process simulation code has been linked to the NESSUS structural analysis code to analyze annular deformation resistance welding manufacturing process. This paper describes the methodology developed to perform this integration, including an example. Although this effort is underway, particularly for fuller integration of a probabilistic analysis, the progress to date has been encouraging and a software interface that implements the methodology has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to report this development.
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Reports on the topic "Deformation (Structural Analysis)"

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Nantung, Tommy E., Jusang Lee, John E. Haddock, M. Reza Pouranian, Dario Batioja Alvarez, Jongmyung Jeon, Boonam Shin, and Peter J. Becker. Structural Evaluation of Full-Depth Flexible Pavement Using APT. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317319.

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The fundamentals of rutting behavior for thin full-depth flexible pavements (i.e., asphalt thickness less than 12 inches) are investigated in this study. The scope incorporates an experimental study using full-scale Accelerated Pavement Tests (APTs) to monitor the evolution of each pavement structural layer's transverse profiles. The findings were then employed to verify the local rutting model coefficients used in the current pavement design method, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Four APT sections were constructed using two thin typical pavement structures (seven-and ten-inches thick) and two types of surface course material (dense-graded and SMA). A mid-depth rut monitoring and automated laser profile systems were designed to reconstruct the transverse profiles at each pavement layer interface throughout the process of accelerated pavement deterioration that is produced during the APT. The contributions of each pavement structural layer to rutting and the evolution of layer deformation were derived. This study found that the permanent deformation within full-depth asphalt concrete significantly depends upon the pavement thickness. However, once the pavement reaches sufficient thickness (more than 12.5 inches), increasing the thickness does not significantly affect the permanent deformation. Additionally, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with a dense-graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) surface course, most pavement rutting is caused by the deformation of the asphalt concrete, with about half the rutting amount observed within the top four inches of the pavement layers. However, for thin full-depth asphalt pavements with an SMA surface course, most pavement rutting comes from the closet sublayer to the surface, i.e., the intermediate layer. The accuracy of the MEPDG’s prediction models for thin full-depth asphalt pavement was evaluated using some statistical parameters, including bias, the sum of squared error, and the standard error of estimates between the predicted and actual measurements. Based on the statistical analysis (at the 95% confidence level), no significant difference was found between the version 2.3-predicted and measured rutting of total asphalt concrete layer and subgrade for thick and thin pavements.
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Real Fernández, Elena. ¿PUEDE HABER 5 FASES DE DEFORMACIÓN HERCÍNICA EN LA ZONA DE VALDEMORILLO (MADRID)? Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/erf.2020.10.27.

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This work aims to understand the processes that have taken part in the deformation, both on a small and large scale, of metamorphic materials in Valdemorillo area, located in the west of the Community of Madrid and within the Spanish Central System. The objective is to understand the kinematic evolution and the specific mechanical behaviour of igneous-metamorphic materials from the area, deformed by certain efforts developed throughout the Hercynian Orogeny. Therefore, a structural analysis has been carried out throughout a geological mapping scaled 1: 25000 and the analysis of various petrographic studies by microscope. Thus, a total of 5 different deformations have been identified, which have allowed us to better understand the reconstruction of the processes generated in these materials and that we see today.
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Wempner, Gerald, and Wan-Lee Yin. Inelastic Deformation and Failure Analysis of Filament-Wound Composite Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203382.

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Yoosef-Ghodsi, Ozkan, and Bandstra. PR-244-114501-R01 Review of Compressive Strain Capacity Assessment Methods Final Report. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010402.

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Buried pipelines subjected to non-continuous ground movement such as frost heave, thaw settlement, slope instability and seismic movement experience high compressive strains that can cause local buckling (or wrinkling), in which the pipe wall buckles like a thin cylindrical shell in axial compression. In a strain-based design and assessment framework, excessive local buckling deformation that may cause loss of serviceability, or even pressure containment in some cases, is managed by limiting the strain demand below the strain limit. The determination of compressive strain limit is typically performed by full-scale structural testing or nonlinear finite element analysis that takes into account material and geometric non-linearity associated with the inelastic buckling of cylindrical shells. Before performing testing and numerical analysis (or when such options do not exist), empirical equations are used to estimate the strain limit. In this report a number of representative equations were evaluated by comparing strain limit predictions to full-scale test results. Work prior to this study has identified the importance of key variables that have the greatest impact on the local buckling behaviour. Examples of these variables include the diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratio, internal pressure and shape of the stress strain curve. The evaluation focused on how existing equations address these key variables, and the performance with respect to key variables and in different ranges.
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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Vito, L. F. Di, G. Mannucci, G. Demofonti, G. Cumino, A. Izquierdo, F. Daguerre, H. Quintanille, and M. Tivelli. CGX-00-003 Tenaris Double Joint for Deep Water Applications Subjected to Large Cyclic Plastic Strains. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011808.

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The evaluation of the defect tolerance assessment for girth welded joints of seamless pipes for off-shore applications when subjected to large cyclic plastic strains. The reeling laying technique, which is considered to be the most severe from this point of view, has been considered and studied in depth in order to determine how the several plastic strain cycles suffered by the joint during the laying could affect the defect tolerability. Advanced Engineering Critical Assessment methods have been considered in the analysis as the BS 7910 FAD approach implemented with the corrections recommended by more recent studies (such as DNV-OS-F101) about the structures subjected to large plastic deformations. Then the reliability and conservativeness of the setup ECA procedure have been discussed on the basis of a dedicated large scale segment tests program performed on girth weld joints realized in house by Tenaris on X65 grade seamless pipe for deepwater applications. The paper demonstrated the good behavior of the Tenaris Double Joint by both toughness and tensile properties point of view by the light of the more recent and advanced ECA methodologies.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Structural analysis of Archean rocks in the Negaunee area, Michigan; constraints on Archean versus early Proterozoic deformation. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1904o.

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THE CONTINUOUS STRENGTH METHOD – REVIEW AND OUTLOOK. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.k11.

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The Continuous Strength Method (CSM) is a deformation-based approach to the design of structures that enables a continuous, rational and accurate allowance for material nonlinearity. Central to the method is the application of strain limits to define the resistance of a structural member or system.The method can be applied to structures formed using different materials and manufacturing processes and can be used for steel-concrete composite design and in fire scenarios. The design method enables enhancements in structural efficiency and, unlike traditional approaches, allows the assessment of both strength and ductility demands (particularly relevant for high strength steel) at the ultimate limit state. For hand calculations, a set of straightforward CSM design equations have been developed. Recognising the increasing importance and use of advanced analysis, recent research, summarised herein, has focused on integration of the CSM strain limits into a framework of design by second order inelastic analysis, where the benefits of the method become even more substantial. This paper provides a review of the background and recent developments, including incorporation into design standards.
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