Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déformation rémanente en compression'
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Larrue, Chloé. "Formulations réactives d'élastomères thermoplastiques pour l'amélioration de leur déformation rémanente après compression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1324.
Full textThe objective of this thesis work is to develop a new material for sealing applications in the automotive industry. For this, it must have both good elastic recovery properties in compression (compression set experiment) and good processability, allowing recycling. To achieve this goal, different crosslinking pathways have been studied. We started by studying an ionic crosslinking, and its combination with a free radical crosslinking on an EPDM-g-AM. This system was subsequently applied to more complex blends, based on an industrial formulation. Secondly, we studied the crosslinking by alkoxysilane way (based on the hydrolysis/condensation reactions of alkoxysilane) on a SEBS/SBS blend. Once again, this type of crosslinking was coupled with radical crosslinking. The results being promising, we finally transposed these results on a larger scale by studying this type of formulations in twin screw extruder
Le, Hel Cindy. "Propriétés et morphologies des thermoplastiques vulcanisés (TPV)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1239.
Full textThermoplastics vulcanizates (TPVs) are polymer blends with interesting elasticity and processability properties. The objective of this thesis was to study PP/EPDM TPV despite the complexity of their formulations and to understand what influences the elastic recovery property. The first part of this work was focused on the influence of crosslinking chemistry and its statistics on the long-time relaxation mechanisms of crosslinked elastomeric networks. It was found that radical peroxide crosslinking provides better recovery elasticity than phenolic resin one. However, crosslinking chemistry has been seen to not be the first-order parameter that influences this property for TPV. It depends mostly on the formulation and the thermoplastic/elastomer ratio, their influence on the final morphology and compression set have been then studied in a second part. Moreover, the influence of inorganic fillers was also studied in elastomeric systems with the addition of CB or silica or in TPV systems with the addition of CB. It has been seen that the addition of CB in a system crosslinked with peroxides is beneficial for the improvement in mechanical properties: compression set or tensile test. Indeed, the crosslinking density and the compatibility between polymers were improved. Finally, a low-field NMR method has been applied to these systems, in particular with the use of the Double Quanta (DQ) sequence which gives access to the variations of molecular mobilities in the materials with the measurement of a residual dipolar coupling
Akef, Abdelilah. "Déformation en compression plane et recristallisation de monocristaux d'aluminium." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG4210.
Full textThe phenomenon of the decomposition of certain guidelines in fcc crystals rolling is studied by compression experiments on single crystals flat, in parallel with an original theoretical modeling. The heterogeneous deformation of aluminum crystal orientation (001) Kho) is associated with large crystal rotations of opposite directions around DT. The decomposition kinetics are consistent with a Taylor-type models released, while the spatial distribution of deformation bands is explained by a detailed analysis of their plastic deformation incompatibilities. To study the influence of temperature on the hot deformation of crystals, a new compression device bi-recessed flat has been developed (tmax 450c, max 1. 2). Preliminary tests suggest the possibility of a stabilization of the cube orientation has around 400c temperatures. Recrystallization of deformed single crystal of aluminum mechanisms are characterized by SEM micro diffraction (EBSD and ECP). Particular attention is paid to the influence of transition -bt- bands in crystals (001) hko plane after compression. In general, two cases arise: (i) bt germination in a seed with the rotation towards the cube orientation, and (ii) sprouting in the matrix deformation bands with several types of orientation relationships (matrix, to cube or about axes <111>). The orientations of grains after complete recrystallization are also determined and disorientation characterized in terms of the type of grain boundary (method SCL)
Driehaus, Lena. "Modélisation analogique de la déformation des zones en compression et subduction." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995398.
Full textOrlans-Joliet, Bertine. "Déformation plastique de monocristaux de structure cubique centrée en compression plane." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0155.
Full textVillié, Loïc. "Étude numérique des hétérogénéités de déformation induites par des essais de compression uniaxiaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. https://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_2023ECDL0031.pdf.
Full textUniaxial compression tests are commonly performed in order to characterize material behavior over a specific strain, strain rate and temperature range. Obtaining stress - strain curves is made possible with the assumption of homogeneous deformation which also implies a constant strain rate throughout the material. In the context of cylindrical samples, a swelling effect is observed, and can be considered a sign of heterogeneous deformation of the material. The numerical simulations carried out make it possible to affirm that the friction between the machine and the sample and rheological parameters of the material have a strong influence on the intensity of the heterogeneities of deformation. The errors made during the identification of the material parameters with the hypothesis of homogeneous deformation are quantified according to the experimental conditionsand the behavior of the sample. An identification method is developed in to approach the rheological parameters of the samples despite the heterogeneous deformation of the samples. This method is tested on experimental tests conducted on pure aluminum and 6000 series aluminum
Slimani, Abdelwahab. "Etude par émission acoustique de la déformation cyclique de polycristaux d'aluminium 5N sollicités en traction-compression." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0015.
Full textSylvain, Wilgens. "Étude de la plasticité du monocristal de phase MAX par déformation aux petites échelles." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2307/document.
Full textThe thesis's goal is to study the deformation, at microscopic scale, of the MAX phase Ti2AlN synthesized by powder metallurgy. This work is divided into three parts: in the first part, the interest has been put on the hysteretic behavior of the MAX phases via cyclic mechanical solicitations, during spherical indentation tests and ex-situ compression of micro-pillars, on differently orientated grains beforehand determined by EBSD. In the second part, we were interested into the micro-pillar's deformation via insitu cyclic compression tests coupled with Laue micro-diffraction. The goal was to analyse the evolution diffraction lines during the pillar's deformation in order to highlight the elementary deformation mechanisms and to observe the finale structures via the post-mortem SEM imaging of the pillars. Finally, a last part was devoted to study the deformation mechanisms in temperature at microscopic scale via nano-indentation tests up to 800°C. The characterization of the slip lines on the surface has been revealed by AFM and that of t he microstructural configurations (dislocations) under the indent has been done by TEM. All data collected by these various tests at the small scales have refined our understanding of the deformation mechanisms of crystal MAX phase, particularly with respect to the models usually proposed in the literature
Nguyen, Quang Thanh. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de la compaction des renforts fibreux : Application pour la perméabilité." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695726.
Full textGuitton, Antoine. "Mécanismes de déformation des phases MAX : une approche expérimentale multi-échelle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2280/document.
Full textIt is commonly believed that plastic deformation mechanisms of MAX phases consistin basal dislocation glide, thus forming pile-ups and walls. The latter can form local disorientationareas, known as kink bands. Nevertheless, the elementary mechanisms and the exact role ofmicrostructural defects are not fully understood yet. This thesis report presents a multi-scale experimentalstudy of deformation mechanisms of the Ti2AlN MAX phase. At the macroscopic scale,two kinds of experiments were performed. In-situ compression tests at room temperature coupledwith neutron diffraction brought new insight into the deformation behavior of the different grainfamilies in the polycrystalline Ti2AlN. Compression tests from the room temperature to 900 °Cunder confining pressure were also performed. At the mesoscopic scale, deformed surface microstructureswere observed by SEM and AFM. These observations associated with nanoindentationtests showed that grain shape and orientation relative to the stress direction control formationof intra- and inter- granular strains and plasticity localization. Finally, at the microscopic scale,a detailed dislocation study of samples deformed under confining pressure revealed the presenceof dislocation configurations never observed before in MAX phases, such as dislocation reactions,dislocation dipoles and out-of-basal plane dislocations. In the light of these new results, mechanicalproperties of MAX phases are discussed
Ahmed, Asmaa Abdeldaim Ibrahim. "Behaviour of reinforced CFFT columns under axial compression loading." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8759.
Full textRésumé : L'industrie de la construction exprime une grande demande pour les structures innovantes et durables tels que les tabliers de ponts et les quais, les pieux et les poteaux. Plusieurs structures en béton armé sont soumises à des sels de déglaçage et à des environnements marins qui exigent un entretien coûteux. Les polymères renforcés de fibres (PRF) ont récemment été reconnus en tant que matériau de construction viable pour la réparation, la réhabilitation ou la construction de nouvelles infrastructures vieillissantes en particulier celles exposées à des conditions d'environnement sévères. Le concept prometteur du système de tube rempli de béton PRF (CFFT), qui peut être encore renforcé avec de l'acier ou des barres en PRF, a amorcé un grand intérêt parmi les chercheurs durant la dernière décennie. La technique CFFT a été utilisée avec succès dans les différents éléments de structure en béton tels que les colonnes et les poutres de ponts et aussi comme des pieux pour les structures marines. Le tube en PRF agit comme un coffrage structural sur place, un renforcement non corrosif pour le béton en flexion et au cisaillement en utilisant l'orientation des fibres multidirectionnelle, fournit un confinement au béton en compression, et le béton est protégé de toute intrusion d'humidité des agents corrosifs qui, autrement, pourraient détériorer le noyau de béton (ACI 440. R-07 (2007)). L’utilisation des barres de PRF au lieu de barres d'acier conventionnelles dans les colonnes CFFT peut fournir un pas en avant pour développer un nouveau système structurel. Néanmoins, le comportement axial des barres en PRF comme armatures longitudinales dans les membrures en compression n'a pas encore été exploré, en particulier pour les colonnes CFFT. À ce jour, la plupart des études expérimentales effectuées sur les colonnes en béton confinés de PRF, ont considéré des cylindres en béton, courts, à petite échelle non armés, et testés sous un charge concentrique, monotone, et axiale. Le rapport d'élancement, le renfort longitudinal interne (acier ou barres en PRF), et les effets du chargement axial cyclique sur le comportement des colonnes élancées de béton confinés et en PRF, ont connu une recherche limitée. Pour combler ce manque de connaissance, cette étude vise à étudier le comportement des colonnes élancées CFFT armé en acier ou en barres de PRF testées sous charges axiales monotones et cycliques. Un total de dix colonnes en béton armé (RC) et CFFT été fabriquées et testées jusqu'à la rupture. Toutes les colonnes ont 1900 mm de hauteur et 213 mm de diamètre. Les paramètres étudiés sont les suivants: i) l'effet de type de renforcement interne et la quantité de renforcement, ii) les épaisseurs de tubes PRV, et iii) le type de chargement (monotone et cyclique). L'effet des variables considérées sur le comportement axial des colonnes testées dans le travail expérimental est présenté et discuté. Le travail de recherche présenté dans cette analyse a fait l’objet d’un article scientifique soumis à Elsevier Journal of Engineering Structures (manuscrit ID: ENGSTRUCT-D-15-01381) et un article lors d’une conférence acceptée soumis à la 5ième International Structural Specialty Conference (CSCE 2016), London, Ontario, Juin 1er - 4ième, 2016. Les résultats des essais expérimentaux ont montré que les colonnes CFFT renforcées de barres en PRFV présentaient des réponses similaires par rapport à leurs homologues renforcées avec des barres d'acier sans différence significative en termes de capacité ultime de résistance axiale et de déformation. Les tubes en PRFV fournissent un confinement significatif des échantillons testés attribuant à changer le mode de rupture, c’est-à-dire d’une rupture des matériaux axialement à une rupture d’instabilité en flexion. En outre, l'augmentation de l'épaisseur du tube en PRFV de 2,9 à 6,4 mm améliore les rapports de résistance et de déformation de 25 % et 12 %, respectivement. Les résultats indiquent également que les déformations plastiques des colonnes renforcées de PRF sont linéairement proportionnelles aux enveloppes de tension de déchargement (εde,env). La relation dépend un peu du niveau de confinement, mais fortement de la quantité et du type de renfort longitudinal, en particulier lorsque εde,env > 0,0035. D'autre part, une investigation a été menée pour examiner la validité des dispositions de conception disponibles pour prédire la capacité de la charge ultime des colonnes testées. Les résultats de l'analyse ont été comparés avec les valeurs expérimentales. Il a été constaté que les prévisions de l'ACI 440.R1 (2015), CSA S806 (2012), et CSA S6-06 (2010) ont fourni des résultats conservateurs plus élevés pour les échantillons de contrôle en PRFV que celui de l'échantillon d'acier. Cela peut être dû à la négligence de la contribution de la résistance à la compression des barres de PRFV à la capacité de charge axiale. En outre, pour les colonnes de CFFT renforcées de PRF, les prévisions de l'ACI 440.2R (2008), du CSA S806 (2012), et du CSA S6-06 (2010) étaient de 1,68 ± 0,31, 1,57 ± 0,18 et 1,72 ± 0,35 avec un COV de 18,4 %, 11,3%, et 20,5%, respectivement. En considérant les limites des codes de confinement, le code CSA S806 (2012) a révélé les meilleures prévisions pour la capacité de charge ultime basée sur la moyenne que celui du code CSA S6-06 (2010) et de l’ACI 440.2R (2008), en particulier pour les échantillons réalisés avec des tubes de Type B.
Burger, Philippe. "Plasticité à haute température et microstructure de déformation de nitrure de silicium densifié par compression isostatique à chaud avec Y2O3 et AL2O3." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10180.
Full textTheyssier, Marie-Christine. "Compression plane à chaud de cristaux d'aluminium et d'aluminium-magnésium : de la déformation à chaud à la recristallisation." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4209.
Full textRozycki, Patrick. "Contribution au développement de lois de comportement pour matériaux composites soumis à l'impact." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7111b587-a841-4752-8ca0-c24897f59bb2.
Full textHuguen, Caroline. "Déformation récente à actuelle et argilo-cinèse associée au sein de la ride méditerranéenne (Méditerranée Orientale)." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066439.
Full textCaetano, Lydie. "Comportement en compression et cisaillement d’un contre-plaqué de bouleau, essais aux grandes vitesses de déformation et températures cryogéniques." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS475/document.
Full textThe wood is a natural cellular material. Like other cellular materials, wood is able to carry a stable load under compression up to the densification. This is a key property for the use of cellular materials and wood based materials for cushioning and choc absorber design. Wood is for example used for radioactive material containers and plywood is involved in the insulation complex of LNG carriers. In this case, plywood may be submitted to high strain rate loads at cryogenic temperature. However, the behaviour of plywood under such extreme conditions is not well established in the literature, nor the influence of the moisture content on the mechanical behaviour in such conditions. In the present study, the out of plane compression behaviour of birch plywood is presented for ambient down to cryogenic temperatures, for strain rate from 0,001 up to 700/s and for moisture contents in the range 2-15%. Shear tests are also presented far various strain rates at ambient temperature and 8% moisture content. The apparatus specially designed and the test protocols are discussed, and the results compared to international standards when available
MIHOUBI, Daoued. "DESHYDRATATION D'ARGILES PAR COMPRESSION ET SECHAGE. ASPECTS DE MODELISATION ET DE SIMULATION." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007972.
Full textToussaint, Renaud. "Fracturation des roches en compression : le processus de localisation en tant que phénomène critique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012208.
Full textfortes pressions de confinement présente des traits communs avec une transition de phase thermodynamique: la déformation se localise rapidement à l'échelle des grains dès la sortie du régime élastique réversible, tout en restant d'abord homogène aux grandes échelles. Alors que les microfractures individuelles croissent encore de façon stable, apparaissent autour de la contrainte pic des structures de grande échelle (bandes de cisaillement) qui brisent spontanément les symétries translationnelle et rotationnelle du problème.
Analysant des données déformation/contrainte obtenues sur diverses
roches et conditions de charge, on montre que celles-ci présentent
un haut degré d'universalité, à savoir que la pente de charge est une loi de puissance de l'écart à la contrainte pic, avec un exposant identique dans les différentes experiences à la résolution expérimentale près. Cette loi est vérifiée pratiquement de la sortie du régime élastique, à la contrainte pic.
Le fait que cet exposant semble indépendant de la roche, conjoint aux brisures de symétries et à l'émergence d'une structuration macroscopique, est typique d'un point critique. En conséquence, on développe à partir d'un simple postulat de maximisation d'entropie un formalisme de physique statistique adapté à ce problème. On obtient ainsi une distribution de probabilité sur les configurations de microfractures, en fonction de l'énergie nécessaire à leur formation. partir d'un modèle pour ces énergies basé sur des interactions élastiques, on obtient un système présentant deux transitions de phase: la première correspond à l'initiation de l'activité des microfractures, la seconde à la localisation macroscopique.
Ce modèle prédit à l'approche de la seconde transition le comportement quadratique observé dans les données, alors que le module d'Young effectif du matériau reste fini.
Cloutier, Antoine. "Impact des charges de compression sur l'intégrité des puces renversées sur un substrat organique sans capot et sans encapsulant." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11812.
Full textTaro, Mandikizinoyou. "Modélisation et simulation des procédés de mise en compression des surfaces à très grandes vitesses de déformation par méthode semi-analytique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0105/document.
Full textThe failure of the mechanical parts is very often initiated by a surface defects. Consequently, the generation of compressive residual stresses on mechanical parts by introducing a heterogeneous plastic strain improves the resistance to fatigue and increases the lifetime of the parts. Among the processes making it possible to introduce residual stresses into the parts, the laser shock peening is more interesting for several reasons. On the one hand, it makes it possible to produce pressures on the surface of material of about 1 to 6 going GPa over short pulse times from 3 to 30 nanoseconds. In addition, he gives the opportunity of introducing residual stresses of compression on a certain depth while preserving the initial state of the treated part. The numerical simulation becomes necessary to determine the best physical phenomena involved. Thus, the semi-analytical method offers a lot of advantages, in particular the simplicity of the models and the computation times saving. This method was never extended to the dynamic problems. In this thesis the semi-analytical method was extended to the dynamic problems and the model implemented is applied for the simulation of the Laser process of shock
Yang, Hyun-Kyu. "Contribution à l'étude de matériaux composites sollicités par barres de Hopkinson, (en compression, traction et cisaillement), à grande vitesse de déformation." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2101.
Full textLaChapelle, David. "Influence des orientations cristallines sur la localisation en bande de cisaillement dans des alliages A1-Mg soumis à compression plane." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EMSE0027.
Full textGuérin, Michaël. "Diagramme d'interaction des charges combinées flexion-compression des colonnes carrées en béton armé de PRFV." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11792.
Full textObid, Abdol Z. M. "Détermination des directions de compression et de distension, par la microtectonique cassante, dans la région de Montpellier." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20008.
Full textMasson, Isabelle. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques en fluage a haute température et étude des microstructures de déformation de céramiques a base de nitrure d'aluminium." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL136N.
Full textChapelle, David. "INFLUENCE DES ORIENTATIONS CRISTALLINES SUR LA LOCALISATION EN BANDE DE CISAILLEMENT DANS DES ALLIAGES Al-Mg SOUMIS A COMPRESSION PLANE." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417252.
Full textTarlier, Nicolas. "Application de la simulation de compression pour l’étude comportementale et l’analyse des performances de poudres de mannitol DC." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT177.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of the functionality and performance of directly compressed mannitol powder using a rotary tablet press simulator as an investigation tool. For regulatory authority, it is essential for industrial - pharmaceutical raw material suppliers, to deepen their knowledge about materials to satisfy the drug quality standards and Pharmaceutical industry requirements. Mannitol is a widely used raw material in pharmaceutical formulations for the design of tablets. The main objective of this study is to have a better control and knowledge about this raw material quality, in order to improve and optimize the performance of mannitol in direct compression.Using a series of physical, physico-chemical, mechanical and compression studies on mannitol powders, we identified some criteria that allowed us to emit hypotheses and build a line of work to analyze the powders behavior under compression. The results also allowed us - using compressibility and associated mathematical models - to study the predominant deformation mechanism of directly compressed mannitol powders. Various mannitol prototypes were studied in a second part, permitting to validate these hypotheses and identify parameters and mechanisms affecting tableting performance.Overall, the research work achieved in this thesis have improved the knowledge about compression performance of mannitol powders from Roquette Frères SA company in tablet production used conditions, similar to industrial rotary tablet press, and providing validated and modeled experimental results
Lanata, Patrizia. "Full-field experimental characterization of mechanical behaviour and failure in a porous rock in plane strain compression : homogeneous deformation and strain localization." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI040/document.
Full textThis work aims an experimental characterization of the mechanical behaviour and failure by strain localization on a Vosges sandstone. The time evolution of strain localization has been characterized by full-field measurements. A new true-triaxial apparatus has been developed at Laboratoire 3SR (Grenoble), which enables the observation of the specimens during mechanical loading for application of digital image correlation (DIC). Tests have been performed in plane strain compression (confining pressure from 20 to 50 MPa). The transition from diffuse to localised deformation regimes has been extensively studied. Then, a comparative analysis has been done between the strain fields (DIC) and microscope (SEM) observations to determine how closely the DIC fields are related to deformation mechanisms detected at the grain scale. Finally, a theoretical bifurcation analysis is presented to compare the experimental observations of shear bands with strain localization prediction
Poh, Jonathan. "Zones de déformation précambriennes dans les régimes tectoniques en compression : une perspective numérique en relation avec le bassin de l'Athabasca et sa minéralisation d'uranium." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B047.
Full textThe two tectonic styles that occur throughout the Earth's evolution can be categorised based on their structural and metamorphic specificities, age of the geological localities and the strength of the associated lithosphere. With such contrasting deformation profiles, the extent of the structural inheritance would impact the location for future mineral deposits. This was suggested to apply to the Athabasca Basin and the genesis of the uranium deposits. These deposits resided within a large structural corridor at the eastern extent of the Athabasca Basin. The genesis for these structures was interpreted to be a product from a major Paleoproterozoic orogen, the Trans-Hudson Orogeny (2.07 to 1.79 Ga). To investigate the relevance of these inherited structures and their role in mineral deposits, classical numerical techniques were used to verify tectonic models of varying configurations. This dissertation was conducted in three parts. The first part pertains to knowing the physical conditions required to generate structures that correlate to the structural corridor. Two broad crustal deformation styles were characterised and verified the physical feasibility of a recent tectonic model (Pop-down tectonics). The second part focused on identifying a transition between the two broad tectonic styles seen throughout the Earth's history. This was conducted with the testing of the four parameters (strain-rate, thermal profile, crustal rheology and crustal radiogenic heat production) essential to the strength of the lithosphere. Results indicate that such a transition exists and is linked to the maximum crustal strength at the first order. The final part focused on how the inherited structures aided in the preparation of the geological environment for mineral deposits. This part was conducted using fluid-thermal modelling techniques. Results suggested that the inherited structures operated as fluid-thermal conduits that facilitate the mixing of basinal and basement-hosted fluids with robust convection cells. This was identified as an essential process for uranium mineralisation. These findings indicated the significance of structural inheritance from preceding orogenic activities for mineral resources. Further exploration targeting would require an upscaling to provincial scale to further characterise these inherited ancients structures and potential paleo-plate boundaries
Capolo, Laura. "Contribution à l'étude des hétérogénéités de déformation viscoplastique de la glace Ih mono et multi cristalline : essais de compression in-situ sous rayonnement X." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175271.
Full textCapolo, Laura. "Contribution à l'étude des hétérogénéités de déformation viscoplastique de la glace Ih mono et multi cristalline : essais de compression in-situ sous rayonnement X." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10086.
Full textThe ice crystal exhibits a strong viscoplastic anisotropy since it deforms mainly by dislocation glide in the basal plane. This strong viscoplastic anisotropy induces strain heterogeneities inside and between grains. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the deformation, creep experiments using X-ray diffraction (topography X and refocalised hard X-rays) on ice single crystals and tri crystals, have been carried out. A special attention has been given to the microstructure evolution (movement of dislocations, density of dislocations, crystallographic distorsions) especially at grain boundaries and at triple junctions
Dinh, Anh Tuan. "Comportement élastique linéaire et non-linéaire du bois en relation avec sa structure." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00720245.
Full textTarlier, Nicolas. "Application de la simulation de compression pour l’étude comportementale et l’analyse des performances de poudres de mannitol DC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT177.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of the functionality and performance of directly compressed mannitol powder using a rotary tablet press simulator as an investigation tool. For regulatory authority, it is essential for industrial - pharmaceutical raw material suppliers, to deepen their knowledge about materials to satisfy the drug quality standards and Pharmaceutical industry requirements. Mannitol is a widely used raw material in pharmaceutical formulations for the design of tablets. The main objective of this study is to have a better control and knowledge about this raw material quality, in order to improve and optimize the performance of mannitol in direct compression.Using a series of physical, physico-chemical, mechanical and compression studies on mannitol powders, we identified some criteria that allowed us to emit hypotheses and build a line of work to analyze the powders behavior under compression. The results also allowed us - using compressibility and associated mathematical models - to study the predominant deformation mechanism of directly compressed mannitol powders. Various mannitol prototypes were studied in a second part, permitting to validate these hypotheses and identify parameters and mechanisms affecting tableting performance.Overall, the research work achieved in this thesis have improved the knowledge about compression performance of mannitol powders from Roquette Frères SA company in tablet production used conditions, similar to industrial rotary tablet press, and providing validated and modeled experimental results
Vanderesse, Nicolas. "Morphologie et déformation à chaud de microstructures lamellaires dans les alliages de zirconium et de titane." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356622.
Full textFeng, Xiaojun. "Modélisation numérique des failles décrochantes et des effets de compression à grande échelle : cas d'étude en Afrique de l'Ouest et Nouvelle Zélande." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30311.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the role shear zones play in localization of deformation and exhumation of the lower crust by using a series of 2D and 3D thermo-mechanical numerical models using the West African Craton (WAC) and the Alpine Fault zones as study areas. With respect to the localization of deformation in the upper crust, different orientations of a system of branched strike-slip faults were studied. Under compression boundary conditions, the results show that the internal fault zones as well as the host rocks in between the faults behave as relatively weaker domains than the external regions. Under simple shear boundary conditions, we explored the process of self-organization of the Australian-Pacific plate boundary fault in southern New Zealand. The models show that deformation is focused along narrow high-strain shear zones in the centre of the model when the softening coefficients are high, whereas the strain is more diffuse with many shear zones spread over the model and possibly some high-strain shear zones focused near one border at lower softening coefficients. Regarding the role pre-existing faults and basins play in exhumation of the partially molten lower crust, 2D and 3D models with different boundary conditions were tested (including extension, transtension and compression). * Under extension, in the Eastern and Western parts of the high grade rock corridors in NW Ghana, partially molten rocks exhumed from the lower into middle-upper crustal levels are interpreted to have been dominantly facilitated by the km-scale high-strain corridors. In the central part of the Bole-Bulenga domain, the high grade rocks are interpreted to have been exhumed as a result of a coupling between two mechanisms: (1) the concentration of partially molten rocks between the Jirapa and Bole-Nangodi faults increases due to the reduction in space from north to south; (2) the concentration of lower partially molten rocks in the central part, as a result of inherited orthogonal (E-W) faults. * Under transtension, in the Sefwi terrane of SW Ghana, the Kukuom-Juaboso domain (KJD) composed of up to amphibolite-migmatite facies could result from the concentration of upwelling partially molten rocks in the relay zone between the Ketesso and Kenyase shear zones during transtension. The two shear zones probably underwent two main stages for growth and maturation from the D1 to D2 deformation phases. The regional exhumation of the high grade rocks in the Sefwi terrane probably occurred within a duration of less than 5 Ma. * Under compression, the role of volcano-sedimentary basin on spatial-temporal evolution of the lower crust exhumation was tested. The models suggest that a series of sheet-like granitoids possibly derived from either subducted mélanges, lower crust and/or mantle melting accumulated at depths of the subcontinental mantle would channel along diapirs before feeding the upper crust. When the granitoids arrive at the solidified lids of the diapirs, they would favour migrating horizontally and intruding into the upper crust through weakening zones between the diapirs. This model also suggests an asymmetry of structures between the upper and middle-lower crust, with the dome-like granitoids overlying high-grade sedimentary synforms and high-grade diapirs underlying low-grade greenstone belts
Tran, Thi Ngoc Huyen. "Study of compression behavior of wood-based fiberboard : caractérisation à partir de techniques d'imagerie non destructives." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14666/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at characterizing the mechanical properties of wood-based fibrous material in relation with the intrinsic properties of the fiber as well as the complex architecture of random fibrous assembly. This material, whose characteristics strongly depend on its configuration, is heterogeneous at different scales: microscopic scale of individual fibers, mesoscopic scale of fiber assembly and macroscopic scale of sample. In order to observe these heterogeneities, different experimental characterization methods are employed, especially X-ray microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation. These both techniques allow us to visualize and digitize the spatial position of different phases of material at microscopic scale as well as the full 3D strain field inside the material. The obtained results are following: the material shows a non-linear mechanical behavior with hysteresis and residual deformation during cyclic compression tests, which respects Van Wyk's model. At microscopic scale, the 3D strain field is strongly heterogeneous and deeply related to local porosities
Le, Thai Hung. "Rhéologie et microstructures des matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable chargée minéralement et renforcée par des fibres de verre." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10006.
Full textLn this work, the rheology and the microstructures of thermoset polymer composites reinforced with glass fibres, such as Bulk Moulding Compounds (BMC) and Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC), are analysed. Firstly, the rheology of BMC is studied by using dedicated simple and plane strain compression rheometers. Experimental results emphasize the influences of the strain rate, the type of mineraI fillers, the volume fraction of fibres as weIl as the temperature on the BMC rheology. ID and 3D non-linear viscoelastic rheological models are proposed to reproduce the behaviour of BMC. Secondly, the microstructures of compression moulded SMC plates are analysed by using X-ray phase contrast microtomography. The influences of processing conditions on residual porosity, matrix migration, breakage, bending, compression and orientation of glass-fibre bundles are underlined, allowing a discussion on the relevance of assumptions used to establish rheological models proposed in the literature
Wollbrett-Blitz, Judith. "Comportement mécanique longitudinal et transverse, micro-mécanismes de déformation et effet de la température sur la fibre Kevlar® 29." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0062/document.
Full textDesigning safer and lighter vehicles is a major challenge for manufacturers. Nowadays, a vehicle needs to be eco-friendly and conciliate efficiency and energy-saving. Considering these requirements, tire materials are subject to change: high performance polymers are a good replacement, in terms of weight and dissipation, for traditional reinforcements such as drawn steel. For instance, aramid strands (1000 fibres) are used because the single fibre exhibits good mechanical properties such as its high modulus (85 GPa) conferred by its anisotropy or its high temperature resistance. The mechanical performance of a Kevlar® fibre is due to its different scale organisation : the primary (molecular chains held by covalent bonds), the secondary (pleated sheets held by interactions) and the tertiary structure (sheets stacked together). Because of the cooling thermodynamics during the fabrication process, the 15 microns diameter fibre seems to have a skin/core structure with punctual more or less critical defects. To go further in the understanding of the complex structure, the contribution of the skin/core structure in the mechanical performance in the longitudinal and the transverse directions is investigated through a multi-disciplinary approach made of a numerical and an experimental study. During its use, an aramid single fibre undergoes cyclic multiaxial loading and harmful thermal treatments, at the origin of structural and mechanical properties modifications but also dissipative behaviour evolution, still misunderstood. To deal with these change in depth, an experimental and numerical multi-scale characterisation is used. Mechanical and thermal treatments are realised and their impact on the microstructure, on the deformation micromechanisms and on the mechanical properties including the dissipative behaviour are investigated. Limiting use values in terms of temperature, longitudinal and transverse stresses are highlighted in this work in order to understand modifications enhanced by the fibre life cycle
Gaweska, Izabela. "Comportement à haute température des bétons à haute performance évolution des principales propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001147.
Full textLe, Thai Hung. "Rhéologie et microstructures des matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable chargée minéralement et renforcée par des fibres de verre." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369701.
Full textHager, Izabela. "Comportement à haute température des bétons à haute performance : évolution des principales propriétés mécaniques." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPC0029.
Full textGourdet, Sophie. "Étude des mécanismes de recristallisation au cours de la déformation à chaud de l'aluminium." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG4206.
Full textKraiem, Omar. "Comportement mécanique d’une mousse fragile. Application aux emballages de transport de matières dangereuses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN028/document.
Full textDue to improvements in the manufacturing process that allow a better control of their microstructure, brittle foams are now part of the new efficient materials. New markets in the field of structural applications open up thanks to their excellent mechanical properties combined with light weight.In this study, a carbon foam with open cells has been studied in order to be used as shock absorber in packagings. Its compressive mechanical behavior has been characterized under various uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. The carbon foam yield surface and its evolution during loading have been identified. The main mechanical properties have been evaluated and some of them have been correlated with those predicted by the Gibson and Ashby micromechanical model. The mechanisms of deformation and the energy absorption have been studied using post-mortem observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray microtomography.The Deshpande and Fleck model (DF) has been adopted and slightly modified to model the compressive multiaxial behavior of the carbon foam. The latter is considered as an homogeneous continuum medium. The constitutive equations have been implemented in the finite element code LS-DYNA via a Umat routine. The model parameters have been identified and the model estimations validated on available triaxial tests as well as on crushing tests made on micro-structures. Numerical simulations are relevant on predicting the global macroscopic behavior. Nevertheless, the mechanical model needs to be improved to better account for some phenomena not currently described
Salvo, Maxime. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement mécanique du combustible UO2 en compression à haute température et forte vitesse de sollicitation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4771/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to characterize and model the mechanical behavior of uranium dioxide (UO2) during a Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA). The fuel loading during a RIA is characterized by high strain rates (up to 1 /s) and high temperatures (1000°C - 2500°C). Two types of UO2 pellets (commercial and high density) were therefore tested in compression with prescribed displacement rates (0.1 to 100 mm / min corresponding to strain rates of 10-4 - 10-1 /s) and temperatures (1100°C - 1350°C - 1550°C et 1700°C). Experimental results (geometry, yield stress and microstructure) allowed us to define a hyperbolic sine creep law and a Drucker-Prager criterion with associated plasticity, in order to model grain boundaries fragmentation at the macroscopic scale. Finite Element Simulations of these tests and of more than 200 creep tests were used to assess the model response to a wide range of temperatures (1100°C - 1700°C) and strain rates (10-9 /s - 10-1 /s). Finally, a constitutive law called L3F was developed for UO2 by adding to the previous model irradiation creep and tensile macroscopic cracking. The L3F law was then introduced in the 1.5D scheme of the fuel performance code ALCYONE-RIA to simulate the REP-Na tests performed in the experimental reactor CABRI. Simulation results are in good agreement with post tests examinations
Laine, Bertrand. "Influence des déformations d'un renfort fibreux sur sa perméabilité : modélisations et expériences." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004533.
Full textVervoort, Sylvie. "Comportement d'hydrogels gonflés dans des solutions de polymères sous action mécanique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1369.
Full textThe behaviour of highly swollen polyelectrolyte gels containing linear polymer solutions submitted to mechanical stresses (shear, compression) was studied using rheo-optical tools in order to gain understanding in gel behaviour and to open the way towards the application of hydrogels in cosmetic applications. Shear stresses were imposed on isolated gel particles suspended in a silicone oil matrix. Different regimes were identified: at the lowest stresses, the particle only deforms, but less than a droplet of its solvent would do. Above a first threshold stress, release of some solvent is observed in the flow direction. The solvent tips stay attached to the particle. The solvent can be detached and dispersed into the matrix at stresses above a second critical stress. Release and ejection were also observed in the vorticity direction. Important volumes of solvent can be set free. The effects of particle size, degree of swelling, polymer solution concentration and interfacial tension were evaluated. The compression tests were executed with gel disks swollen at equilibrium in water or in a polymer solution and surrounded by air. The gel deforms and releases some solvent as soon as it undergoes some stress. The thermodynamical analysis of such system predicts that release is more important for weakly charged gels than for neutral-ones
Jalbout, Ali. "Étude expérimentale de l'influence de l'endommagement induit sur le comportement mécanique d'une roche fragile." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Jalbout.pdf.
Full textXie, Shouyi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique d'une roche poreuse." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Xie.pdf.
Full textZinszner, Jean-Luc. "Identification des paramètres matériau gouvernant les performances de céramiques à blindage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0337/document.
Full textSince the sixties, ceramics are commonly used as armour materials. Indeed, thanks to their interesting physical and mechanical properties, they allow a significant weight benefit in comparison to monolithic steel plate armours. However, the microstructure of the ceramic may have a strong influence on its penetration resistance. Based on characterisation tests and on the use of four silicon carbide grades, this work aims to highlight the links between the microstructure and the ballistic efficiency. Experimental compressive and spalling tests are based on the use of the GEPI device. For studying the compressive dynamic behaviour, it allows using the lagrangian analysis method and characterising the yield strength of the material. For studying the tensile dynamic behaviour, it allows assessing the strain-rate sensitivity of the spall strength. An analysis of the fragmentation process is performed based on Edge-On Impact tests. Moreover, an innovating impact test on fragmented ceramics has been designed and performed. The different experimental results allow a better understanding of the influence of the ceramic microstructure on its behaviour under the different loadings. All the experimental data have been compared to numerical results allowing validating the constitutive models. The DFH (Denoual-Forquin-Hild) damage model of brittle materials showed very good capacities to simulate the tensile dynamic behaviour of ceramics (spalling and fragmentation)
Denay, Anne-Gaëlle. "Mécanismes et tenue mécanique long-terme de mousses polyuréthanes pures et renforcées aux températures cryogéniques." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740110.
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