Journal articles: 'DEFLECTOR PLATE'

1

Misyulya, D. I., A. A. Borovik, and S. K. Protasov. "Conic plate deflector." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 82, no. 4 (April 2009): 696–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427209040302.

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Faizal Hakim Hidzir, Mohd, Khairul Imran Sainan, and Hazran Husain. "Title of the Integrity Analysis of O&G Standpipe Separator: Numerical Study Article." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.27 (November 30, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.27.22483.

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A standpipe is a component that functions to remove the condensate of gas from the oil that flows inside the O&G piping system underneath. Efficient gas removal promotes better crude oil quality and increases productivity. The deflector plates integrity in a stand pipe, where thin plates are mounted on the pipe walls periodically in the direction of fluid flow, has been numerically investigated. The aim of this investigation is to determine how the working fluid density and deflectors thickness influenced the plates integrity. Two working fluids were tested. Natural gas and crude oil which has a higher density. The thickness of the plates was 3 mm and 6 mm. A series of simulation analyses were done analytically through CFD and FEA simulation method using ANSYS software. Based on the results, crude oil produces higher stress onto the plates. This causes large plate deflection. It was observed, the plates near to the standpipe inlet were subjected to the highest stress. Stress on the deflector plates drops as the fluid travel along the pipe height. The deflector plates of 3 mm were failed under these conditions and were not recommended for usage.

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Yao, Gang, Linjun Wu, Yang Yang, Maoyi Liu, Yuxiao Chen, and Hongbo Du. "Study on the Suppression Effect on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Double-Deck Truss Girder by the Spatial Position of the Deflector Plate." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 9764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179764.

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This paper carried out wind tunnel tests and numerical analysis to study the effect of the spatial position of deflector plates on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a double-deck truss girder. The wind tunnel tests found that setting the web deflector plate and the lower chord deflector plate significantly suppressed the VIV. In order to study the suppression mechanism of the deflector plate on VIV, numerical simulations were conducted using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. We analyzed the suppression mechanism of the deflector plate on VIV by combining the vertical amplitude obtained by numerical simulation with the change in the vorticity magnitude and direction. The results showed that the flow velocity around the lower surface of the airflow was reduced, resulting in significantly lower vorticity at the exact position of the lower chord deflector plate and web deflector plate section compared to the original section. The web deflector plate and the lower chord deflector plate broke the vortex shedding mode in the wake flow region, and the vortex shedding frequency was far away from the self-oscillation frequency of the double-deck truss girder, thus suppressing the VIV.

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Son, Namjeong, Yoojin Kim, Mimi Min, Seungho Jung, and Chankyu Kang. "Numerical Investigation of Overtopping Prevention for Optimal Safety Dike Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416429.

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Leakage accidents at chemical facilities have a negative impact on both the environment and human life, and the government has established and implemented regulations on dikes in order to minimize such accidents. However, the overtopping phenomenon in which chemicals overflow the dike due to catastrophic leakage requires additional safeguards. In this study, the mitigation effect was confirmed by simulating tanks and dikes using various deflector plates to minimize the effect of spilled chemicals. ANSYS Fluent 19.1, a computational fluid dynamics program, was used, and the overtopping effect was compared with a dike design that satisfies the safety regulations using a volume of fluid (VOF) model that analyzes multiphase flow through a surface tracking technique. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid were used in the study; they were selected because they are frequently involved in leakage accidents. In the event of a leak in a liquid tank, a dike with a deflector plate was very effective in reducing overtopping, and a deflector at a 45° angle was more effective than a 30° deflector. However, it is necessary to install additional safeguards at the joint between the dike and the deflection plate to withstand the force of the liquid.

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5

Kailash, Golecha, T. I. Eldho, and S. V. Prabhu. "Performance Study of Modified Savonius Water Turbine with Two Deflector Plates." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/679247.

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Savonius rotor is a vertical axis rotor with simple in design and easy to fabricate at lower cost. The rotation of the rotor is due to the drag difference between the advancing blade and returning blade. Net driving force can be increased by reducing the reverse force on the returning blade or increasing the positive force on the advancing blade. Former can be realized by providing a flow obstacle to the returning blade and latter can be realized by concentrating the flow towards the advancing blade. The objective of the present work is to identify the optimal position of the deflector plate (on advancing blade side) placed upstream to the flow which would result in increase in power generated by the rotor. Tests are conducted to identify the optimum position of the deflector plate on the advancing blade side in the presence of a deflector plate on the returning blade side at its optimum position. Results suggest that two deflector plates placed at their optimal positions upstream to the flow increase the coefficient of power to 0.35. This is significantly higher than the coefficient of power of 0.14 observed for the rotor without deflector plates.

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Iwasińska-Kowalska, Olga. "A SYSTEM FOR PRECISE LASER BEAM ANGULAR STEERING." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0003.

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Abstract A system for precise angular laser beam deflection by using a plane mirror is presented. The mirror was fixed to two supports attached to its edges. This article details the theoretical basis of how this deflector works. The spring deflection of a flat circular metal plate under a uniform axial buckling was used and the mechanical stress was generated by a piezoelectric layer. The characteristics of the deformation of the plate versus the voltage control of the piezoelectrics were examined and the value of the change resolution possible to obtain was estimated. An experimental system is presented and an experiment performed to examine this system. As a result, a resolution of displacement of 10-8 rad and a range of 10-5 rad were obtained.

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Gao, Guangjun, Yan Zhang, Fei Xie, Jie Zhang, Kan He, Jiabin Wang, and Yani Zhang. "Numerical study on the anti-snow performance of deflectors in the bogie region of a high-speed train using the discrete phase model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718785290.

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In this paper, the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with an RNG double-equation turbulence model and a discrete phase model were used for the investigation of snow accumulation on the bogie of a high-speed train. Two kinds of deflector plates, one installed at the front end and the other at the rear end of the bogie, were proposed to reduce snow accumulation. The accuracy of the CFD methodology was validated against wind tunnel tests. The results showed that high-speed air will impact the plates where snow particles get accumulated. The snow covering on the bogie rarely drifts back into the bogie region with air. The amount of accumulating snow in the optimum models is reduced by 50.58% on average as compared to those in the original models. At the rear end of the bogie, the inclined deflector plate reduced snow accumulation by up to 10.91% compared to the vertical deflector plate.

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8

Escartí-Guillem, Mara S., Sergio Hoyas, and Luis M. Garcia-Raffi. "Deflector shape impact on aero-acoustic noise generation and propagation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016076.

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The vibroacoustic loading generated during the launch of space vehicles can cause the failure of electronic and mechanical components. Therefore, the prediction and mitigation of these vibroacoustic levels are crucial to improve the reliability of launchers and payload comfort. Because a properly designed flame deflector has the power to significantly reduce the acoustic pressure level, the aeroacoustics characteristics of diverse types of flame deflectors must be understood. Three different deflector geometries have been analysed: a wedge-type deflector, which is currently used on the VEGA rocket launch pad, a 30-degree inclined deflector, since new studies highlight its noise reduction capacity, and a flat deflector, since the impact on a flat plate is the simplest case of reflection. The sound generation and propagation in the launch platform full domain for each case were studied using dedicated computational fluid dynamics in BSC MareNostrum. To assess noise generation, the main shock waves were identified, and the evolution of the generated sound pressure was assessed. Moreover, the sound pressure levels at the fairing surface have been studied. Further research is focused right now on the use of an efficient solver running on graphics processing units that is capable of computing large-scale turbulence.

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9

Yu, Shao Zhen, Yi Jiang, Yan Li Ma, Yan Yan Ma, and Bo Wei Liu. "Simulation and Optimize Design for Deflector Plate of the Vehicle Mounted Vertically Thermal Launched Missile." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.579.

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In this dissertation, academic analysis of the influence to deflector plate in gas jet field of a Vehicle-mounted Vertically Thermal Launched missile as well as simulation study. The finite volume method, a fully structured grid, three-dimensional N-S equation is used for the numerical simulation of the process during the missile launching. The two main factors: temperature and forces on the launcher is the standard we test a launching system. The temperature on the position we test will rise with the decreasing length of the deflector. Especially, when the length is near to the potential core, the temperature changed greatly. Also, the angles of the deflector under the same length have less impacted on the temperature field. However, the force on the deflector would be change greater than the temperature with the change of angles

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10

Verma, R. S., M. A. Jo, and A. S. Deora. "Forced Convection Across Horizontal Hot Cylinder Using Slotted Deflector Plate." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 94, no. 3 (July 2013): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40032-013-0075-z.

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11

Tanino, Tadakazu, Ryo Yoshihara, and Takeshi Miyaguni. "A Study on a Casing Consisting of Three Flow Deflectors for Performance Improvement of Cross-Flow Wind Turbine." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166093.

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We investigated the effective use of cross-flow wind turbines for small-scale wind power generation to increase the output power by using a casing, which is a kind of wind-collecting device, composed of three flow deflector plates having the shape of a circular-arc airfoil. Drag-type vertical-axis wind turbines have an undesirable part of about half of the swept area where the inflow of wind results in low output performance. To solve this problem, we devised a casing consisting of three flow deflector plates, two of which were to block the unwanted inflow of wind and the remaining flow deflector plate having an angle of attack with respect to the wind direction to increase the flow toward the rotor. In this study, output performance experiments using a wind tunnel and numerical fluid analysis were conducted on a cross-flow wind turbine with three flow deflector plates to evaluate the effectiveness of the casing on output performance improvement. As a result, it was confirmed that the casing could improve the output performance of the cross-flow wind turbine by approximately 60% at the maximum performance point and could also maintain the output performance about 50% higher compared to the bare cross-flow wind turbine without the casing within a deviation angle of ±10 degrees, even when the casing direction was inclined against the wind direction due to changes in wind direction.

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12

Sahim, Kaprawi, Kadafi Ihtisan, Dyos Santoso, and Riman Sipahutar. "Experimental Study of Darrieus-Savonius Water Turbine with Deflector: Effect of Deflector on the Performance." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/203108.

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The reverse force on the returning blade of a water turbine can be reduced by setting a deflector on the returning blade side of a rotor. The deflector configuration can also concentrate the flow which passes through the rotor so that the torque and the power of turbine can be considerably increased. The placing of Savonius in Darrieus rotor is carried out by setting the Savonius bucket in Darrieus rotor at the same axis. The combination of these rotors is also called a Darrieus-Savonius turbine. This rotor can improve torque of turbine. Experiments are conducted in an irrigation canal to find the performance characteristics of presence of deflector and Savonius rotor in Darrieus-Savonius turbine. Results conclude that the single deflector plate placed on returning blade side increases the torque and power coefficient. The presence of Savonius rotor increases the torque at a lower speed, but the power coefficient decreases. The torque and power coefficient characteristics depend on the aspect ratio of Savonius rotor.

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13

Bai, Hua, Wei Guo, Wei Li, and Yu Li. "Research on the Influence of the Aerodynamic Measure on the Flutter Derivative of the Steel Truss Suspension Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.252.

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Flutter derivative is a significant index of the structure flutter stability. Identifying flutter derivative precisely contributes to the bridge flutter stability analyzing. In this paper, we take a research on the Liujiaxia Bridge in Gansu Province, China. Different flutter derivatives, which were got via segment model vibration tests with different aerodynamic measures, were classified, and made comparison in order to get the law of how different aerodynamic measures effect on the flutter derivative. The results show that, setting central stabilized plate, Build-in deflector, flange plate all affect flutter derivative significantly, which leads to changes in the flutter critical wind velocity of the structure. Setting central stabilized plate above the deck contributes to identify the flutter derivative of the 0° and positive attack angle, while setting central stabilized plate will contribute to flutter derivative identification at negative angles. It will make it difficult to identify the flutter derivative at 0° and -3° if the built-in deflector was set. Wind plate contributes to the identification of the flutter derivative at +3°, however, it will make it harder to identify the flutter derivative at 0° and -3°.

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Käläntär, K., S. Matsumoto, T. Onishi, and K. Takizawa. "43.2: Optical Micro Deflector Based Functional Light-Guide Plate for Backlight Unit." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 31, no. 1 (2000): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1832838.

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15

Raina, Ankush, G. A. Harmain, and Mir Irfan Ul Haq. "Numerical investigation of flow around a 3D bluff body using deflector plate." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 131-132 (October 2017): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.08.018.

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16

Jeeva, B., S. Jai Sandeep, N. Ramsundram, M. Prasanth, and B. Praveen. "Experimental Investigation of Three Bladed Inclined Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine by using Deflector Plate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1146, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1146/1/012009.

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17

Golecha, Kailash, T. I. Eldho, and S. V. Prabhu. "Influence of the deflector plate on the performance of modified Savonius water turbine." Applied Energy 88, no. 9 (September 2011): 3207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.025.

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18

Wang, Wei, Chong Guo, Jingluo Tang, Zehan Zhao, Jicheng Wang, Jinghua Sun, Fei Shen, Kai Guo, and Zhongyi Guo. "High-Efficiency and Broadband Near-Infrared Bi-Functional Metasurface Based on Rotary Different-Size Silicon Nanobricks." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121744.

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Several novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces consisting of different-sized rotary silicon nanobricks have been proposed and numerically investigated based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase and structural phase simultaneously. Here, a transmission mechanism is strictly deduced, which can avoid crosstalk from the multiplexed bi-functional metasurface. Four kinds of high-efficiency bi-functional devices have been designed successfully at infrared wavelengths, including a spin-dependent bi-functional beam deflector, a spin-dependent bi-functional metalens, a bi-functional metasurface with spin-dependent focusing and deflection function, and a spin-dependent bi-functional vortex phase plate. All of the results demonstrate the superior performances of our designed devices. Our work opens up new doors toward building novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces, and promotes the development of bi-functional devices and spin-controlled photonics.

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19

Yu, Shao Zhen, Yi Jiang, Yan Li Ma, Yan Yan Ma, and Bo Wei Liu. "Simulation and Optimize Design for Deflector Plate of the Vehicle Mounted Vertically Thermal Launched Missile." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.459.579.

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20

Kuncoro, Ilham Wahyu, Zainal Arifin, Eko Prasetya Budiana, and Miftah Hijriawan. "Improvement Performance Twisted Savonius Wind Turbine on Hybrid System: Effect of Flat Plate Deflector Installation." International Journal of Heat and Technology 41, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.410330.

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21

Han, Shou Hong, and Zhen Hua Lv. "Study on Blast-Resistant Structural Design of a Truck Cab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 2136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.2136.

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This paper first presented modeling methods and procedures aiming to a truck cab and its occupant under blast loading, followed by numerical simulation analysis of dynamic responses of the cab and blast injuries of the occupant by using Ls_Dyna. According to energy history the response duration can be divided into three phases, corresponding to local effect, whole effect and drop down effect. And two schemes for cab blast-resistant design including an aluminum foam sandwich plate and a V-shape deflector were put forward. Using the proposed numerical models, response characters of the two schemes were analyzed, advantages and shortcomings were compared with the initial design. Simulation results show that dynamic responses of cab structure and occupants decrease obviously by using sandwich structure filled aluminum foam, but for a V-shaped deflector it is very difficult to protection the cab structure and occupants simultaneously. And effect of several key parameters, i.e. relative density of foam core, and core thickness were discussed also.

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22

Несиоловский, О. Г., Р. Д. Адакин, and И. М. Соцкая. "Intensification Simulation of Heat Transfer Process of Bakery-Confectionery Oven Power Generator by Numerical Method." Vestnik APK Verhnevolzh`ia, no. 3(55) (September 30, 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35694/yarcx.2021.55.3.017.

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Рассмотрен вопрос интенсификации процесса теплоотдачи хлебопекарного теплообменного аппарата (ТА). ТА хлебопекарной печи имеет дополнительную конструктивную особенность – направляющий кожух. Предложено разместить на нём дефлекторы и направляющие пластины, которые изготовлены из нежаропрочных сталей, поскольку они напрямую не контактируют с продуктами горения, а лишь со вторичным теплоносителем. Дефлекторы – это небольшие пластины, установленные перпендикулярно стенке кожуха. Они позволяют образовывать локальные турбулентные завихрения теплоносителя, приводящие к увеличению теплоотдачи. Пластины направляют холодный теплоноситель на обтекание жаровой трубы камеры сгорания, дополнительно повышая его температуру. В результате численных моделирований установлены оптимальные зазоры между дефлекторами и трубками ТА, а также угол атаки направляющих пластин. Данная методика может быть применена к любым размерам трубок ТА, при соблюдении углов пластин и коэффициента шага между дефлектором и трубкой ТА. Установка на кожухе дефлекторов и пластин, как показывает моделирование, не приводит к существенному увеличению гидравлического сопротивления. Предложенные конструктивные доработки приводят к повышению значений теплоотдачи от 10 до 40%, в зависимости от скорости теплоносителя. Использование дефлекторов и направляющих пластин ведёт к повышению КПД ТА, снижению расхода топлива, более эффективному использованию выработанного тепла для выпечки хлебобулочных изделий. The issue of intensification of heat transfer process of bakery heat exchanger (HE) is considered. The baking oven HE has an additional structural feature – a guiding jacket. It is proposed to place deflectors and guide plates on it which are made of non-high-temperature steels, since they do not directly contact the combustion products, but only with the secondary coolant. Deflectors are small plates installed perpendicular to the wall of the casing. They allow the formation of local turbulent swirls of the coolant, leading to an increase in heat carrier. Plates direct cold heat carrier to flow around flame tube of combustion chamber, additionally increasing its temperature. As a result of numerical simulations, optimal gaps between deflectors and HE tubes are installed, as well as angle of attack of guide plates. This technique can be applied to any size of the HE tubes, in accordance with plate angles and pitch factor between the deflector and the HE tube. Installation of deflectors and plates on the casing, as the simulation shows, does not lead to a significant increase in flow friction. The proposed structural modifications lead to an increase in heat transfer values from 10 to 40%, depending on the coolant speed. The use of deflectors and guide plates leads to an increase in the coefficient of efficiency of HE, a decrease in fuel consumption, and a more efficient use of the generated heat for baking bakery products.

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23

Yao, Gang, Yuxiao Chen, Yang Yang, Yuanlin Zheng, Hongbo Du, and Linjun Wu. "Investigation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Double-Deck Truss Girder with Aerodynamic Mitigation Measures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2023): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061118.

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The long-span double-deck truss girder bridge has become a recommend structural form because of its good performance on traffic capacity. However, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) characteristics for double-deck truss girders are more complicated and there is a lack of related research. In this research, wind tunnel tests were utilized to investigate the VIV characteristics of a large-span double-deck truss girder bridge. Meanwhile, the VIV suppression effect of the aerodynamic mitigation measures was measured. Furthermore, the VIV suppression mechanism was studied from the perspective of vortex shedding characteristics. The results indicated that the double-deck truss girder had a significant VIV when the wind attack angles were +3° and +5°. The aerodynamic mitigation measures had an influence on the VIV response of the double-deck truss girder. The upper chord fairing and lower chord inverted L-shaped deflector plate played a crucial role in suppressing VIV. Numerical analysis indicated that vortex shedding above the upper deck or in the wake region may dominate vertical VIV, while vortex shedding in the wake region of the lower deck may dominate torsional VIV. The upper chord fairing and lower chord inverted L-shaped deflector plate disrupted the original vortex shedding pattern in both regions, thereby suppressing VIV. This research can provide a foundation for bridge design and vibration suppression measures for large-span double-deck truss girder bridges.

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Zhang, Yongchao, Can Kang, Hexiang Zhao, and Hyoung-Bum Kim. "Effects of the deflector plate on performance and flow characteristics of a drag-type hydrokinetic rotor." Ocean Engineering 238 (October 2021): 109760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109760.

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Wong, Kok Hoe, Wen Tong Chong, Sin Chew Poh, Yui-Chuin Shiah, Nazatul Liana Sukiman, and Chin-Tsan Wang. "3D CFD simulation and parametric study of a flat plate deflector for vertical axis wind turbine." Renewable Energy 129 (December 2018): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.085.

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Kerikous, Emeel, and Dominique Thévenin. "Optimal shape and position of a thick deflector plate in front of a hydraulic Savonius turbine." Energy 189 (December 2019): 116157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116157.

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Qasemi, Keyhan, and Leila N. Azadani. "Optimization of the power output of a vertical axis wind turbine augmented with a flat plate deflector." Energy 202 (July 2020): 117745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117745.

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Wong, Kok Hoe, Wen Tong Chong, Nazatul Liana Sukiman, Yui-Chuin Shiah, Sin Chew Poh, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, and Wei-Cheng Wang. "Experimental and simulation investigation into the effects of a flat plate deflector on vertical axis wind turbine." Energy Conversion and Management 160 (March 2018): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.01.029.

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Lin, Han-Tang, Yunn-Horng Guu, and Wei-Hsuan Hsu. "Design and Fabrication of a Novel Window-Type Convection Device." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010267.

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Global warming, climate change, and ever-increasing energy demand are among the pressing challenges currently facing humanity. Particularly, indoor air conditioning, a major source of energy consumption, requires immediate improvement to prevent energy crises. In this study, various airfoil profiles were applied to create a window-type convection device that entrains air to improve convection between indoor and outdoor airflows and adjust the indoor temperature. How the geometric structure of the convection device affects its air entrainment performance was investigated on the basis of various airfoil profiles and outlet slit sizes of the airflow multiplier. The airfoil profiles were designed according to the 4-digit series developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The results revealed that airfoil thickness, airfoil camber, and air outlet slit size affected the mass flow rate of the convection device. Overall, the mass flow rate at the outlet of the convection device was more than 10 times greater than at the inlet, demonstrating the potential of the device to improve air convection. To validate these simulated results, the wind-deflector plate was processed using the NACA4424 airfoil with a 1.2 mm slit, and various operating voltages were applied to the convection device to measure the resulting wind speeds and calculate the corresponding mass flow rates. The experimental and simulated results were similar, with a mean error of <7%, indicating that the airfoil-shaped wind-deflector plate substantially improved air entrainment of the convection device to the goal of reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions.

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Wang, Huifu, Jian Sun, Yong Li, and Zhen Cao. "Numerical Simulation and Optimization of SCR-DeNOx Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants Based on a CFD Method." Processes 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010041.

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In order to solve the problem of the uneven distribution of the flow and ammonia concentration field in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system of a 660 MW coal-fired power plant, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established at a scale of 1:1. The existing flow guide and ammonia fume mixing device were then calibrated and optimized. The relative standard deviation of the velocity field distribution upstream of the ammonia injection grid (AIG) was optimized from 15.4% to 9.9%, with a reasonable radius of the deflector at the inlet flue elbows, and the relative standard deviation of the velocity field distribution above the inlet surface of the first catalyst layer in the reactor was optimized from 25.4% to 10.2% by adjusting the angle between the deflector and the wall plate of the inlet hood. Additionally, with the use of a double-layer spoiler ammonia fume mixing device, the relative standard deviation of the ammonia mass concentration distribution above the inlet surface of the first catalyst layer in the reactor was optimized from 12.9% to 5.3%. This paper can provide a valuable reference with practical implications for subsequent research.

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Raina, Ankush, and Akhil Khajuria. "FLOW CONTROL AROUND A 3D-BLUFF BODY USING PASSIVE DEVICE." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v4i1.132.

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This article focuses on the flow control around an Ahmed body using deflector plate. The coefficient of drag was obtained numerically for different flow velocities. The study was carried out using a k-ɛ model for an Ahmed body of 25o rear slant. Grid independence studies were carried out prior to the simulation in order to validate the selected turbulence model. It was observed that coefficient of drag decreases with the increase in flow velocity whereas the lift coefficient increases. A maximum of 13.34 % decrease in drag coefficient was observed for inlet flow velocity of 80 m/s.

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Venkatesh, R., Nitesh Kumar, N. Madhwesh, and Manjunath M.S. "CFD analysis for thermal performance augmentation of solar air heater using deflector ribs." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.3.2020.27.0572.

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This paper presents the effect of deflector ribs on the thermal performance of flat plate solar air heater using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology. The analysis is carried out using two-dimensional computational domain for the Reynolds number range of 6000-18000. RNG k-є turbulence model is used to capture the turbulence characteristics of the flow. The deflector rib has a cross-section of isosceles triangle and is placed transversely with respect to the flow. The distance between consecutive ribs is varied as 40mm, 80mm, 160mm and 320mm while the air gap height is varied as 2mm, 3mm, 5mm and 10mm. The numerical model is validated against the well-known correlation of Dittus-Boelter for smooth duct. The simulation results reveal that the presence of deflector ribs provide augmented heat transfer through flow acceleration and enhanced turbulence levels. With reference to smooth duct, the maximum achieved heat transfer improvement is about 1.39 times for the inter-rib distance of 40mm and an air gap height of 3mm while the maximum fiction factor achieved was about 3.82 times for pitch value of 40mm and air gap height of 3mm. The highest thermal enhancement factor is achieved for the pitch value of 320mm and an air gap height of 3mm at Re=6000. The air gap height value of 10mm exhibits thermal enhancement factor values lesser than 1.0 and hence is not recommended for use as heat transfer enhancement device for the entire Reynolds number range used in the analysis. The pitch value of 320 mm exhibits thermal enhancement factor greater than 1.0 for almost all the Reynolds number range used in the analysis and varies between 0.93 and 1.07.

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Oye, Michael M., Mark A. Wistey, Jason M. Reifsnider, Sumit Agarwal, Terry J. Mattord, Sridhar Govindaraju, Gary A. Hallock, et al. "Ion damage effects from negative deflector plate voltages during the plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy growth of dilute nitrides." Applied Physics Letters 86, no. 22 (May 30, 2005): 221902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1940126.

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Subekti, A., PA Setiawan, Bachtiar, N. Ariwiyono, B. Prasojo, F. Hamzah, and P. P. S. Lukitadi. "A numerical study of the effect of a single cylinder and plate deflector toward the Savonius wind turbine performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1477 (March 2020): 052010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1477/5/052010.

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Molnár, Vieroslav, Gabriel Fedorko, Nikoleta Husáková, Ján Král' Jr., and Mirosław Ferdynus. "Energy calculation model of an outgoing conveyor with application of a transfer chute with the damping plate." Mechanical Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 17, 2016): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-7-167-2016.

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Abstract. The energy efficiency of transport systems consisting of several belt conveyors is significantly affected by re-direction. The proper sizing of several conveyor belts using deflector plates can significantly affect their efficiency. At present, there are no uniform rules (models) which specify the methodology and procedures for their design. This paper brings proposals of design of optimal parameters for energy-efficient operation of the transport system consisting of belt conveyors based on the new analytical simulation models. Recommendations for the practical application of transport systems at the transfer point have been designed according to optimization. The results are analysed in detail in three phases of shifting by means of a physical approach with the support of computing methods and simulation experiments with the transfer model. We can state that the direction and orientation of material impact have a direct influence on the conveyor's energy intensity. Thus, the inevitable condition for operation of arbitrary type of belt conveyor is to pay greater attention to the construction of the transfer model, particularly the intensity of the energy of the outgoing conveyor.

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36

Waghmare, Utkarsh, A. S. Dhoble, Ravindra Taiwade, Jagesvar Verma, and Himanshu Vashishtha. "Prediction of heat affected zone and other mechanical properties of welded joints of HSLA A588-B of jet blast deflector." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 4 (July 6, 2019): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2018-0281.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict and optimize the width of heat affected zone (HAZ) with better mechanical properties using suitable welding process and parameters for the fabrication of jet blast deflector (JBD) (high strength low alloy material of grade A588-B was used for fabrication) so that the JBD can sustain high exhaust parameters, because there are different welding zones formed due to the rapid cooling of weld metals. Out of the various zones of welding, HAZ remains the weakest zone in the entire weldment. Design/methodology/approach The present work describes the modeling, simulation, Modeling of three-dimensional plate and mess generation process are carried out using ICEM CFD software. FLUENT 16.0 software is used for ANSYS simulation where various models are used for analysis and results are validated with the experimental outcomes. High strength low alloy plates are welded by using shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding processes with two different electrodes. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for metallurgical study. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile strength test, vickers microhardness test and impact test. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by performing the potentiodynamic polarization test. Findings The present study indicated for better mechanical properties and improved corrosion resistance for TIG welded joints with type 308 L filler. Practical implications In aeronautical, defense, space and research organizations. Originality/value It can be shown from the scanning electron microscope technique that sound weld joint is produced with very good mechanical properties and joint also showed better corrosion resistance.

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Ghannadpour, Seyyed Amir Mahdi, and Hamid Reza Ovesy. "Relative Post-Buckling Stiffness Calculation of Symmetrically Laminated Composite Plates Using an Exact Finite Strip." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.201.

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This paper presents the theoretical developments of an exact finite strip for the buckling and initial post-buckling analyses of symmetrically laminated composite plates. The so-called exact finite strip is developed based on the concept that it is effectively a plate. The present method, which is designated by the name Full-analytical Finite Strip Method in this paper, provides an efficient and extremely accurate buckling solution. In the development process, the Von-Karman’s equilibrium equation is solved exactly to obtain the buckling loads and the corresponding form of out-of-plane buckling deflection modes. The investigation of thin flat plate buckling behavior is then extended to an initial post-buckling study with the assumption that the deflected form immediately after the buckling is the same as that obtained for the buckling. The post-buckling study is effectively a single-term analysis, which is attempted by utilizing the so-called semi-energy method. In this method, the Von-Karman’s compatibility equation governing the behavior of symmetrically laminated composite plates is used together with a consideration of the total strain energy of the plate. Through the solution of the compatibility equation, the in-plane displacement functions are developed in terms of the unknown coefficient in the assumed out-of-plane deflection function. These in-plane and out-of-plane deflected functions are then substituted in the total strain energy expressions and the theorem of minimum total potential energy is applied to solve for the unknown coefficient. The developed method is subsequently applied to analyze the initial post-buckling behavior of some representative thin flat plates for which the results are also obtained through the application of a semi-analytical finite strip method. Through the comparison of the results and the appropriate discussion, the knowledge of the level of capability of the developed method is significantly promoted.

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Sampaio, Luiz Eduardo B., André Luiz T. Rezende, and Angela O. Nieckele. "The challenging case of the turbulent flow around a thin plate wind deflector, and its numerical prediction by LES and RANS models." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 133 (October 2014): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.07.007.

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Qiu, Li Jun, and Su Ying Xu. "Design on Turbocharger Inlet Control Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.97.

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Turbocharger exhaust device is in controlling exhaust speed device. The controllable exhaust device is to improve the turbocharger in the low-speed running of the engine torque output and high speed power output device. Parts processing in a controllable exhaust device and the whole installation process has two problems to be solved. A problem is a rotating plate deflector rod in the assembly welding processing. Another is mounted in the assembly. The solution is improved the structure of apparatus and parts. It is including exhaust control rotor structure, the drive ring structures and devices in the corresponding connector design. Integral casting of the rotor lever is used to replace welding rotary sheet shifting rod. The whole assembly structure design is used to replace the combined assembly. The controllable exhaust device is integral installation structure design. To solve the problem is assembly again assembly problem.

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40

Tang, Hailong, Yuping Fan, Xiaomin Ma, Xianshu Dong, Ming Chang, and Na Li. "Modelling Flocculation in a Thickener Feedwell Using a Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics–Population Balance Model." Minerals 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030309.

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The flocculation that takes place in the central feedwell of the thickener plays a crucial role in the coal-slurry thickening process, which is not only complex but also largely influenced by the flow characteristics. A coupled computational fluid dynamics–population balance model (CFD–PBM) was used to model the complex flocculation-thickening behaviour in an industrial-scale gravity thickener. The initialisation parameters of the inlet flow were obtained through self-designed image-recognition experiments, and then the effects of different types of conical deflectors on the floc distribution were simulated and analysed using them. The results showed that, under the condition that the angle of the conical deflector’s sides in the vertical plane was known, a reasonable increase in the height of the bottom surface could reduce the annular spanwise vortices at the underflow of the feedwell, thereby avoiding the erosion of the inlet flow and the annular spanwise vortex on the floc deposition layer. However, excessive height on the part of the conical deflector could affect the flocculation effect of solid particles. For the same central feedwell size of the thickener as in the simulation, the best flocculation effect was achieved at an angle of α = 24° in the vertical plane of the conical deflector. Turbulence regulation of the conical deflector promotes the aggregation of fine particles in the fluid of the feedwell, providing a new method for the intensification of the flocculation-concentration process.

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41

Ghannadpour, Seyyed Amir Mahdi, Hamid Reza Ovesy, and Mohammad Hajikazemi. "An Investigation on Relative Post-Buckling Stiffness Variations of Symmetrically Cross-Ply Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 1022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.1022.

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In this paper, the theoretical developments of an exact finite strip for the buckling and initial post-buckling analyses of symmetrically cross-ply laminates are presented. The so-called exact finite strip is developed based on the concept that it is effectively a plate. In the development process, the Von-Karman’s equilibrium equation is solved exactly to obtain the buckling loads and the corresponding form of out-of-plane buckling deflection modes. The investigation of thin flat plate buckling behavior is then extended to an initial post-buckling study with the assumption that the deflected form immediately after the buckling is the same as that obtained for the buckling. The post-buckling study is effectively a single-term analysis, which is attempted by utilizing the so-called semi-energy method. In this method, the Von-Karman’s compatibility equation governing the behavior of symmetrically laminated composite plates is used together with a consideration of the total strain energy of the plate. Through the solution of the compatibility equation, the in-plane displacement functions are developed in terms of the unknown coefficient in the assumed out-of-plane deflection function. These in-plane and out-of-plane deflected functions are then substituted in the total strain energy expressions and the theorem of minimum total potential energy is applied to solve for the unknown coefficient. The developed method is subsequently applied to investigate the relative post-buckling stiffness variations of some representative thin symmetric cross-ply laminates for which the results are also obtained through the application of a semi-analytical finite strip method.

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42

Liu, Jiachun, Shuangqing Zhang, Biao Huang, and David Z. Zhu. "Numerical study on effects of chamber design and multi-inlet on storm geyser." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 6 (February 11, 2021): 1286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.061.

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Abstract Storm geysers increasingly occur in sewer systems under climate change and rapid urbanization. Mitigation measures are in great demand to avoid safety problems. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models of single-inlet and multi-inlet systems were established to investigate geysering induced by rapid filling and assess the effectiveness of potential mitigation methods. The modeling results suggest that increasing the capacity of the downstream pipe before the inflow front reaches the chamber can effectively reduce the maximum geyser pressure. The peak pressure can be significantly mitigated when the chamber size is designed with care and the drop height between the upstream and downstream pipes is reduced. A diversion deflector with air vents and an orifice plate at the riser top end can alleviate the maximum pressure by about 65% with about 75% of the entrapped air being released. The peak pressure during the geyser event in the multi-inlet model is less than that of a single-inlet model under the same total inflow condition, but more water can be released.

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43

Choi, C. E., C. W. W. Ng, G. R. Goodwin, L. H. D. Liu, and W. W. Cheung. "Flume investigation of the influence of rigid barrier deflector angle on dry granular overflow mechanisms." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 10 (October 2016): 1751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0248.

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Mass-wasting processes are often intercepted using rigid barriers, which are sometimes equipped with deflectors to prevent overspilling. Despite the engineering value of deflectors, they are currently only installed using empirical and prescriptive approaches because flow interaction mechanisms are not well understood. A 5 m flume was used to study dry granular flow deposition and overflow processes with and without deflectors of varying angles. The deflector angle was varied as 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° with respect to the horizontal plane. For the geometric and material parameters adopted in this study, experimental results reveal that deflector angles greater than 45° develop steep ramp-like deadzones that result in effective energy dissipation as approaching flow impacts the deflector, whereas deflectors less than 45° rapidly develop shallow ramp-like deadzones, which promote high-energy overflow. Deflectors of at least 45° are required to develop upward overflow launch angles, whilst deflectors of 30° or less result in downward overflow launch angles. Upward launch angles indicate that a steep deadzone develops and effectively dissipates flow energy. An orthogonal deflector increases launch lengths by 40% compared to a bare rigid barrier.

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Rempfer, Gertrude F. "Toward The Simultaneous Correction of Spherical and Chromatic Aberration in Electron Optics by Means of an Electrostatic Electron Mirror." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179786.

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Optimum performance in electron and ion imaging instruments, such as electron microscopes and probe-forming instruments, in most cases depends on a compromise either between imaging errors due to spherical and chromatic aberrations and the diffraction error or between the imaging errors and the current in the image. These compromises result in the use of very small angular apertures. Reducing the spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients would permit the use of larger apertures with resulting improved performance, granted that other problems such as incorrect operation of the instrument or spurious disturbances do not interfere. One approach to correcting aberrations which has been investigated extensively is through the use of multipole electric and magnetic fields. Another approach involves the use of foil windows. However, a practical system for correcting spherical and chromatic aberration is not yet available.Our approach to correction of spherical and chromatic aberration makes use of an electrostatic electron mirror. Early studies of the properties of electron mirrors were done by Recknagel. More recently my colleagues and I have studied the properties of the hyperbolic electron mirror as a function of the ratio of accelerating voltage to mirror voltage. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the mirror are of opposite sign (overcorrected) from those of electron lenses (undercorrected). This important property invites one to find a way to incorporate a correcting mirror in an electron microscope. Unfortunately, the parts of the beam heading toward and away from the mirror must be separated. A transverse magnetic field can separate the beams, but in general the deflection aberrations degrade the image. The key to avoiding the detrimental effects of deflection aberrations is to have deflections take place at image planes. Our separating system is shown in Fig. 1. Deflections take place at the separating magnet and also at two additional magnetic deflectors. The uncorrected magnified image formed by the objective lens is focused in the first deflector, and relay lenses transfer the image to the separating magnet. The interface lens and the hyperbolic mirror acting in zoom fashion return the corrected image to the separating magnet, and the second set of relay lenses transfers the image to the final deflector, where the beam is deflected onto the projection axis.

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Chang, Zhiying, and Tinglin Huang. "Analysis of Water-Lifting Aerator Performance Based on the Volume of Fluid Method." Water 15, no. 5 (March 5, 2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050991.

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Water quality deterioration is a major problem faced by reservoirs globally, owing to the inflow of pollution from industrial and municipal activities. Water-lifting aeration is an in situ water quality improvement technology that mixes and oxygenates deep water bodies in reservoirs to improve pollution control efficiency and water quality. While previous studies have mainly focused on the mixing process in the reservoir outside the water-lifting aerator (WLA), knowledge of the internal flow remains limited. In this study, a two-phase flow within a WLA system was numerically studied using the volume of fluid (VOF) method to comprehensively analyze the internal two-phase flow characteristics and the influence on the water-lifting and oxygenation performance of the system. The statistical analysis results showed that increasing the aeration chamber volume enhanced the bottom oxygenation performance by 27% because of the prolonged time of the deflector plate outlet outflow. Additionally, increasing the air release rate enhanced the water-lifting performance by 47%, which was induced by the shortened air piston release period. This study demonstrates the internal flow mechanism of the WLA and provides technical support for parameter optimization design, which has significant scientific research and engineering application value.

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Park, Yeonsang, Hyochul Kim, Jeong-Yub Lee, Woong Ko, Kideock Bae, and Kyung-Sang Cho. "Direction control of colloidal quantum dot emission using dielectric metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 9, no. 5 (June 2, 2020): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0158.

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AbstractOwing to the recent developments of dielectric metasurfaces, their applications have been expanding from those pertaining to the thickness shrinkage of passive optical elements, such as lenses, polarizers, and quarter-wave plates, to applications pertaining to their integration with active optical devices, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Even though directional lasing and beam shaping of laser emission have been successfully demonstrated, the integration of metasurfaces with random light sources, such as light-emitting diodes, is limited because of function and efficiency issues attributed to the fact that metasurfaces are basically based on the resonance property of the nanostructure. To control the direction of emission from colloidal quantum dots, we present a dielectric metasurface deflector composed of two asymmetric TiO2 nanoposts. TiO2 deflector arrays were fabricated with a dry etching method that is adaptive to mass production and integrated with a colloidal quantum dot resonant cavity formed by sandwiching two distributed Bragg reflectors. To ensure the deflection ability of the fabricated sample, we measured the photoluminescence and far-field patterns of emission from the resonant cavity. From the obtained results, we demonstrated that the colloidal quantum dot emission transmitted through our deflector arrays was deflected by 18°, and the efficiency of deflection was 71% with respect to the emission from the resonant cavity. This integration of dielectric metasurfaces with a resonant cavity shows the possibility of expanding the application of visible metasurfaces in active devices and may help to develop next-generation active devices with novel functions.

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Clain, Fernanda Mazuco, Paulo Roberto de Freitas Teixeira, and Douglas Bezerra de Araújo. "Two Heat Source Models to Simulate Welding Processes with Magnetic Deflection." Soldagem & Inspeção 22, no. 1 (March 2017): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2201.10.

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Abstract The technique of weaving by magnetic arc deflection was developed a few years ago to enable the oscillation of the weld pool, thus, causing grain refinement and improving the properties on the welded joint. This paper aims to propose two heat source models that include effects of magnetic arc deflection on a bead-on-plate GTAW process in numerical simulations by using the finite element method. Two cases are studied. In the first case, non-deflected arc and straigth magnectic deflected arc along the torch movement are carried out and compared to numerical simulations. Temperatures at three different points on the backside of the plates (two away from the welding center line and one in its center) and weld pools of SAE 1020 3.2 mm and 6 mm thick steel plates are analyzed. Results obtained by numerical simulations are close to the experimental ones. In the second case, welding with weaving (frequency of 1Hz) on 3 mm thick steel plates is analyzed. The bead width and its visual presentation are compared to experimental results, which show good agreement with both proposed models.

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Wu, Fang Zhen, Michael Dudley, Huan Huan Wang, Sha Yan Byrapa, Shun Sun, Balaji Raghothamachar, Edward K. Sanchez, et al. "The Nucleation and Propagation of Threading Dislocations with C-Component of Burgers Vector in PVT-Grown 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.217.

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Studies of threading dislocations with Burgers vector of c+a have been carried out using synchrotron white beam X-ray topography. The nucleation and propagation of pairs of opposite sign threading c+a dislocations is observed. Overgrowth of inclusions by growth steps leads to lattice closure failure and the stresses associated with this can be relaxed by the nucleation of opposite sign pairs of dislocations with Burgers vector c+a. Once these dislocations are nucleated they propagate along the c-axis growth direction, or can be deflected onto the basal plane by overgrowth of macrosteps. For the c+a dislocations, partial deflection can occasionally occur, e.g. the a-component deflects onto basal plane while the c-component continuously propagates along the growth direction. One factor controlling the details of these deflection processes is suggested to be related to the ratio between the height of the overgrowing macrostep and that of the surface spiral hillock associated with the threading growth dislocations with c-component of Burgers vector.

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Wang, Ge, Hideomi Ohtsubo, and Kikuo Arita. "Large Deflection of a Rigid-Plastic Circular Plate Pressed by a Sphere." Journal of Applied Mechanics 65, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2789089.

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A rigid-plastic circular plate deflected by a rigid sphere is investigated. The behavior at large deflection is considered; the contribution from a bending moment is neglected. Approximate formulas for the load-deflection relationship are derived. Experiments are conducted and the test data compare well with the prediction results. It is revealed that the size of the rigid sphere has a strong effecton the resistance of the compressed plate.

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FOSS, JUDITH K., and K. B. M. Q. ZAMAN. "Large- and small-scale vortical motions in a shear layer perturbed by tabs." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 382 (March 10, 1999): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098003887.

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The large- and small-scale vortical motions produced by ‘delta tabs’ in a two-stream shear layer have been studied experimentally. An increase in mixing was observed when the base of the triangular shaped tab was affixed to the trailing edge of the splitter plate and the apex was pitched at some angle with respect to the flow axis. Such an arrangement produced a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices. Hot-wire measurements detailed the velocity, time-averaged vorticity (Ωx) and small-scale turbulence features in the three-dimensional space downstream of the tabs. The small-scale structures, whose scale corresponds to that of the peak in the dissipation spectrum, were identified and counted using the peak-valley-counting technique. The optimal pitch angle, θ, for a single tab and the optimal spanwise spacing, S, for a multiple tab array were identified. Since the goal was to increase mixing, the optimal tab configuration was determined from two properties of the flow field: (i) the large-scale motions with the maximum Ωx, and (ii) the largest number of small-scale motions in a given time period. The peak streamwise vorticity magnitude [mid ]Ωx−max[mid ] was found to have a unique relationship with the tab pitch angle. Furthermore, for all cases examined, the overall small-scale population was found to correlate directly with [mid ]Ωx−max[mid ]. Both quantities peaked at θ≈±45°. It is interesting to note that the peak magnitude of the corresponding circulation in the cross-sectional plane occurred for θ≈±90°. For an array of tabs, the two quantities also depended on the tab spacing. An array of contiguous tabs acted as a solid deflector producing the weakest streamwise vortices and the least small-scale population. For the measurement range covered, the optimal spacing was found to be S≈1.5 tab widths.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DEFLECTOR PLATE'

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