Academic literature on the topic 'Defining Issues Test'
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Journal articles on the topic "Defining Issues Test"
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Thoma, Stephen J., and Yangxue Dong. "The Defining Issues Test of moral judgment development." Behavioral Development Bulletin 19, no. 3 (September 2014): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100590.
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Rest, James, Stephen J. Thoma, Darcia Narvaez, and Muriel J. Bebeau. "Alchemy and beyond: Indexing the Defining Issues Test." Journal of Educational Psychology 89, no. 3 (1997): 498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.498.
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Barnett, Robert, Jean Evens, and James Rest. "Faking moral judgement on the Defining Issues Test." British Journal of Social Psychology 34, no. 3 (September 1995): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01063.x.
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Boggs, S. A. "Issues in defining a type test for GIS disconnectors." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 5, no. 4 (1990): 1839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.103680.
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Murk, Donald A., and John A. Addleman. "Relations among Moral Reasoning, Locus of Control, and Demographic Variables among College Students." Psychological Reports 70, no. 2 (April 1992): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.2.467.
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This study was conducted to examine the relationships among Rest's Defining Issues Test, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and demographic variables. 205 undergraduates from two secular universities and one religious liberal arts college from the Middle Atlantic states were given the Defining Issues Test, the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. The Pearson correlations indicated significant associations between the Defining Issues Test scored for percentage of principled reasoning about moral dilemmas and five demographic variables. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the group means for the Defining Issues Test scores on three demographic variables and between the group means for the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale scores on two demographic variables. A stepwise multiple regression analysis using five variables predicted a significant amount of the variance (25%) in the Defining Issues Test scores and two variables that predicted a significant amount of the variance (7%) in the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale scores. The Defining Issues Test is both a developmental and cognitive measure. In addition, the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale scores showed a significant relationship with religious affiliation and with Defining Issues Test scores.
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Staehr, L. J., and G. J. Byrne. "Using the defining issues test for evaluating computer ethics teaching." IEEE Transactions on Education 46, no. 2 (May 2003): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/te.2002.808274.
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Crowson, H. Michael, and Teresa K. DeBacker. "Political Identification and the Defining Issues Test: Reevaluating an Old Hypothesis." Journal of Social Psychology 148, no. 1 (February 2008): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/socp.148.1.43-60.
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Jagger, Suzy, and John Strain. "Assessing students' ethical development in computing with the defining issues test." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 5, no. 1 (August 22, 2007): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14779960710822674.
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Hoffmann, Nils Christian, and Sebastian Müller. "Der Defining-Issues-Tests (DIT) in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Konsumforschung." WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium 50, no. 9 (2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0340-1650-2021-9-4.
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Der auf der kognitiven Entwicklungstheorie moralischen Urteilens von Kohlberg basierende Defining Issues Test (DIT) ist eine Methode, mit der sich Aussagen über die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit von Individuen treffen lassen. Mit Hilfe verschiedener Indizes können Handlungsdilemmata empirisch untersucht werden und so neue Impulse für die wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Forschung gewonnen werden.
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Figueiredo Dalla Costa Ames, Maria Clara, Ana Ester da Costa, Maurício Custódio Serafim, and Daniel Moraes Pinheiro. "DESENVOLVIMENTO MORAL E RACIONALIDADE NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: ANALISANDO O DEFINING ISSUES TEST – 2." Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Micro e Pequenas Empresas 04, no. 03 (December 15, 2019): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20872/24478407/regmpe.v4n3p128-148.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Defining Issues Test"
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Lavarias, Romeo Balagtas. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENCY PERSONNEL BASED ON THE DEFINING ISSUES TEST." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/58.
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Utilizing Lawrence Kohlberg's cognitive moral development theory as the guiding theory, the research undertaken sought to explore the moral decision-making process of emergency planners in the state of Florida. To assess the quantitative measurement for moral judgment, the research applied and used the Defining Issues Test (DIT) developed by James Rest (1979).
The research examined the relationship between education, gender, age, and ethics training against the moral maturity of Florida emergency planners. With ethical maturity level as the dependent variable, analysis showed a significant difference between males and females, where females had higher postconventional scores than males regardless of educational levels. Also interesting was that postconventional scores for males rose as educational levels rose. However, there was no significant difference revealed between postconventional scores when age and ethics training were the independent variables. The results of this research may have significant implications for organizations before, during, and after a disaster. While empirical research has shown that higher education is positively associated with higher levels of cognitive moral development, the research has shown that it may only apply to males.
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Winder, Daniel R. "Macromorality and Mormons: A Psychometric Investigation and Qualitative Evaluation of the Defining Issues Test-2." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/448.
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In 1988, P. Scott Richard's dissertation research at the University of Minnesota asserted that the Defining Issues Test (DIT), a widely accepted paper-and-pencil test of moral reasoning, exhibited item bias against religiously orthodox persons. Since 1988 (when Richard's data were reported), new methods of differential-item functioning (DIF) have developed, a new DIT has emerged (the DIT-2), as well as a Neo-Kohlbergian framework based upon moral schemas derived from Kohlberg's Piagetian-like six stages. With new methods, new tests, and unanswered questions, this study's results imply: (1) that DIT-2 items exhibit differential item functioning for religiously orthodox persons in statistically significant but not as practically significant ways as Richards' earlier findings, (2) that religious orthodoxy does influence macromoral reasoning as measured by the DIT-2, (3) that the maintaining norms schema is insufficient to explain the variables that contribute to why religiously orthodox persons score the way they do. This study implies that the maintaining norms schema may be misnamed because it appears to be measuring a different construct than maintaining norms macromoral reasoning.
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Gendron, David. "Better Differentiation of Kohlberg's Stage 6 Using a Modified Form of Rest's Defining Issues Test." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2380.
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The present research attempted to modify Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT) in order to better differentiate stage 6 moral reasoners from stage 5 reasoners. A review of the literature showed that the DIT seems to be both reliable and valid, yet it is unable to clearly differentiate between the stages of principled moral reasoning. After three pilot tests, newly developed stage 6 items were added to the DIT. The revised DIT was then administered to people believed to be stage 6 reasoners. Of the 30 respondents, three made the stage 6 cutoff. No stage 6 items were shown to clearly differentiate between stages 5 and 6.
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Campbell, William Clarence. "A STUDY OF THE MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE TAX ADMINISTRATION OF KOSOVO BASED ON THE DEFINING ISSUES TEST." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/16.
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The population of Kosovo had suffered years of abuse, ethnic cleansing, turmoil, human atrocities, and constant conflict--the results of which plunged Kosovo into costly war. Following the war, Kosovo was placed under the protection of the United Nations in 1999. Kosovo received many years of support and developmental assistance from the international community. Kosovo became a sovereign nation in February 2008. Kosovo's government immediately recognized the importance of serving the needs of the people with responsibility and integrity. There is no institution more important to the successful development of a sovereign nation and their economy than the ethical administration of a tax authority. In the spring of 2008, after Kosovo's declaration of independence, this study was initiated to determine the moral maturity of the members of the Tax Authority of Kosovo. This study provides an extensive review of the current situation in Kosovo and discusses ethical considerations in tax administration. The paper further provides a comprehensive discussion of ethical concerns and discusses the importance of moral development in the tax administration of Kosovo. Recommendations for managers and future research are presented.
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Sullivan, Ethan. "Can ethics be taught? A quasi-experimental study of the impact of class size on the cognitive moral reasoning of freshmen business students." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1840.
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Thesis advisor: Karen ArnoldThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a business ethics course on the cognitive moral reasoning of freshmen business students. The sample consisted of 268 college students enrolled in a required business ethics course. The students took Rest's Defining Issues Test - Version 2 (DIT2) as a pre-test and then post-test (upon completing the course). Descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression were employed to compare the pre-test and post-test scores of the students and to determine the relationship, if any, between the variables of gender, class size, instructor, class time of day, SAT scores, and students' GPAs; and the dependent variable of moral reasoning (N2) scores. Descriptive analyses showed that taking this kind of a course made a difference for virtually everyone. While women had higher pre-test scores, post-test scores, and overall gains in moral reasoning than men, men also had gains across the board. Gains were also found across all instructors, in both small and medium class sizes and regardless of what time the class occurred. Further, compared to the national sample of college students, the study sample was at the level of college seniors. Results of ANOVA testing showed that the gains in moral reasoning scores were statistically significant ones. However, the moral reasoning gains of students enrolled in the smaller sections (n = 19) were not statistically significantly different than students enrolled in medium sized (n = 27) sections of the same course. Finally, the independent variable of class time had the most statistically significant relationship with gains in moral reasoning scores. The findings of this study suggest several practices for institutions of higher education. First, certain curricular conditions should be considered by institutions with ethics courses. The content should be explicit and pedagogical strategies should include role-taking, the discussion of moral dilemmas, reflection, active learning, and cognitive disequilibrium. Second, increasing class sizes by eight students can help to maintain moral growth while still being financially efficient. Third, these findings may inform administrators when planning class times (the earlier, the better)
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education
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Marx, Benjamin Robert. "Understanding The Relationship Between Moral Reasoning And Liberalism-Conservatism." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/643.
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This thesis aims to clarify the nature of the relationship between moral reasoning, as per the neo-Kohlbergian DIT approach of Rest and his colleagues, and liberalism-conservatism. Moral reasoning and liberalism-conservatism are consistently found to be related but the resultant interpretation that liberals are more moral-cognitively advanced than conservatives has been challenged by Emler and his colleagues who argue that the DIT is liberally biased. Subsequent research on this issue has produced a methodological quagmire that this thesis aims to proceed beyond. The specific aim of this thesis is to test several different (or competing) hypotheses purporting to explain the relationship between Kohlbergian moral reasoning and liberalism-conservatism. These are (1) that liberals are more morally advanced than conservatives; (2) that "advanced moral reasoning" is merely social presentation; (3) that moral reasoning is separately constrained by moral development and conservatism; (4) that moral development and liberalism represent distinct paths to postconventional reasoning preference; (5) that moral reasoning differences between liberals and conservatives are broader than usually thought; (6) that the political content of moral issues affects moral reasoning differences between liberals and conservatives; and (7) that moral reasoning instruments have exaggerated moral reasoning differences between liberals and conservatives. Study 1 found that a non-ipsative, indirect moral reasoning measure was correlated with liberalism-conservatism thus disconfirming hypotheses 2 and 7. Additionally, hypothesis 5 was not supported by several DIT findings. Opposing hypotheses 2 and 6, Study 2 found that a conservative version of the DIT was correlated with liberalism-conservatism although a potential methodological issue arose. Study 3 developed an objective measure of moral comprehension, broader in scope than previous moral comprehension measures, which demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Employing this measure, Study 4 found that moral comprehension and liberalism were weakly correlated and that they independently predicted moral reasoning, although their interaction did not. Together, these findings provide some support to hypotheses 1 and 4 but not hypotheses 3 and 6. Overall these findings reveal that liberals appear more moral-cognitively advanced than conservatives but, compared to conservatives, liberals appear to indicate preference for advanced moral reasoning earlier in their moral-cognitive development. This latter mechanism appears stronger and suggests that, although DIT scores are still somewhat reflective of moral-cognitive development, the DIT's estimate of liberals' moral-cognitive development is elevated. Future research can continue to explore these hypotheses (e.g., via longitudinal and/or "faking" studies) and, in so doing, further clarify the relationship between Kohlbergian moral reasoning and liberalism-conservatism.
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Marx, Benjamin Robert. "Understanding The Relationship Between Moral Reasoning And Liberalism-Conservatism." University of Sydney. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/643.
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This thesis aims to clarify the nature of the relationship between moral reasoning, as per the neo-Kohlbergian DIT approach of Rest and his colleagues, and liberalism-conservatism. Moral reasoning and liberalism-conservatism are consistently found to be related but the resultant interpretation that liberals are more moral-cognitively advanced than conservatives has been challenged by Emler and his colleagues who argue that the DIT is liberally biased. Subsequent research on this issue has produced a methodological quagmire that this thesis aims to proceed beyond. The specific aim of this thesis is to test several different (or competing) hypotheses purporting to explain the relationship between Kohlbergian moral reasoning and liberalism-conservatism. These are (1) that liberals are more morally advanced than conservatives; (2) that "advanced moral reasoning" is merely social presentation; (3) that moral reasoning is separately constrained by moral development and conservatism; (4) that moral development and liberalism represent distinct paths to postconventional reasoning preference; (5) that moral reasoning differences between liberals and conservatives are broader than usually thought; (6) that the political content of moral issues affects moral reasoning differences between liberals and conservatives; and (7) that moral reasoning instruments have exaggerated moral reasoning differences between liberals and conservatives. Study 1 found that a non-ipsative, indirect moral reasoning measure was correlated with liberalism-conservatism thus disconfirming hypotheses 2 and 7. Additionally, hypothesis 5 was not supported by several DIT findings. Opposing hypotheses 2 and 6, Study 2 found that a conservative version of the DIT was correlated with liberalism-conservatism although a potential methodological issue arose. Study 3 developed an objective measure of moral comprehension, broader in scope than previous moral comprehension measures, which demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Employing this measure, Study 4 found that moral comprehension and liberalism were weakly correlated and that they independently predicted moral reasoning, although their interaction did not. Together, these findings provide some support to hypotheses 1 and 4 but not hypotheses 3 and 6. Overall these findings reveal that liberals appear more moral-cognitively advanced than conservatives but, compared to conservatives, liberals appear to indicate preference for advanced moral reasoning earlier in their moral-cognitive development. This latter mechanism appears stronger and suggests that, although DIT scores are still somewhat reflective of moral-cognitive development, the DIT�s estimate of liberals� moral-cognitive development is elevated. Future research can continue to explore these hypotheses (e.g., via longitudinal and/or "faking" studies) and, in so doing, further clarify the relationship between Kohlbergian moral reasoning and liberalism-conservatism.
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Tsitinidis, Alexandros, and Faiza Khan. "Förmågan till etiskt resonemang hos svenska auktoriserade revisorer : Tillämpning av Defining Issues Test ." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2505.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the capacity for ethical reasoning of Swedish certi-fied auditors in the five largest accounting firms in Stockholm, and also how ethics courses affect the auditors' ability to ethically statement. To calculate the auditors ability to ethical statement, questionnaire has been used. The questionnaire is based on a psychological instrument, the so-called Defining Issues Test. At the beginning of the questionnaire some questions are asked about the ethics courses. From the questionnaire a calculation was made of an average index called p-score (Principled score). With the help of Kohlberg moral development theory identification was made of an auditor's capacity for ethical reasoning. The empirical material shows that the averages of the Swedish public accountants land on Kohlberg conventional level. This means that audi-tors have a relatively high capacity for ethical reasoning. The result also shows that there is no link between participation in ethics courses and capacity for ethical reason-ing. The conclusion is that the Swedish auditors have a relatively high ability to manage conflicts of interest and make ethical decisions, but to provide independent audit the au-ditors need to be on the highest level in Kohlberg moral development theory. The accounting firms should offer ethics courses in greater extant to improve auditors' abili-ty to ethical reasoning.
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Schneider, Heather B. "The Relationship of Compensation Plans to the Moral Cognizance of the Healthcare Executive." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/103.
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The primary purpose of this research was to review the relationship between moral cognizance, as defined by the Defining Issues Test, and the compensation plan of a healthcare executive when factors such as licensure, career stage, gender, age, and ethics training were present. The study was conducted on 142 healthcare executives from both a publically traded for-profit hospital corporation and a multi-physician private practice. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were utilized to test the hypotheses of these moderating variables. The outcome of this study indicates that there is no difference in the relationship of moral cognizance and compensation plan of a healthcare executive when the factors of license, career stage, gender, age, or ethics training are involved. However, the analyses did find some interesting interactions of statistical significance between moral cognizance, as determined by P-score, and the individual factors of license and gender when compensation was not included.
While the results of the study were inconclusive, the study extends Kohlberg's research on cognitive moral development using Rest's Defining Issues Test to healthcare executives. It also contributes to the existing body of literature by introducing the variable of compensation plan to the moral cognizance equation. Future research in the healthcare field in relation to moral cognizance and financial performance will become a necessity as the focus on healthcare as a business continues to grow and society insists the highest values from its providers.
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Hines, Natalie. "COGNITIVE MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTED MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS AND APPOINTED CITY MANAGERS USING THE DEFINING ISSUES TEST." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/43.
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Several significant breaches of ethics in the past few years have created renewed interest in the study of moral judgment. The examples used in this study include sub-prime lending, the Madoff investment scandal, and the torture of suspects in U.S. custody.
The Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) theory was developed by Lawrence Kohlberg in 1969. Effectively, Kohlberg determined there were clearly defined stages of moral development in children--how they develop a sense of right, wrong, and justice. He expanded his research to adults and determined that human beings progressed through each of the six stages without skipping a stage and without reverting to a previous stage.
James Rest later developed a survey instrument, the Defining Issues Test (DIT), designed to assess the stages of development, or moral maturity, of an individual without the lengthy interview process employed by Kohlberg in his research. Over 1,000 studies have since used the DIT.
The DIT will be used in combination with a demographic survey to test the variables of educational level, age, gender, and ethical training against moral maturity. Research has provided mixed results for these variables when applied to the public sector.
This study will compare the moral maturity of elected officials with that of appointed city managers who serve at the will of these elected officials. This paper will provide a discussion of the ethical concerns facing elected officials and appointed city managers as well as the potential hazards to good decision-making presented by differences in moral maturity, if they exist. The relationship of moral maturity and the other variables will also be discussed. Recommendations for public administrators and future research will be presented.
Books on the topic "Defining Issues Test"
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Scales, Carol Kromberg. IDENTIFYING EARLY ADOLESCENTS AT-RISK FOR BEHAVIORS HARMFUL TO THEMSELVES AND OTHERS: A REVISION OF THE DEFINING ISSUES TEST. 1996.
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Mills, Kerry R. The clinical approach to neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0018.
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The clinical approach to neurophysiology provides a scheme for the conduct of a neurophysiological examination from the initial contact with the patient to the provision of a final report. The importance of focused history-taking and physical examination in tailoring the test plan is stressed as is the necessity of maintaining rapport with the patient. The difficult issues of consent and what to tell the patient at the end of the examination are discussed. The importance of honest communication with the patient is highlighted. Test results are judged against a framework of normal values. The statistics of defining such reference values and the many factors that may influence them are covered. Finally, there is a discussion of the safety of neurophysiological procedures with suggestions as to how to mitigate against the main risks, such as bleeding diathesis in EMG and seizures with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Hughes, Julian C., and Christopher Heginbotham. Mental capacity and decision-making. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0056.
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In this chapter we start by defining terms and approaches to the assessment of mental or decision-making capacity. We outline basic principles – from the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA), which covers England and Wales, as well as from Scottish legislation –where the principles are relevant to other jurisdictions. More conceptual issues, for instance to do with values and best interests, soon emerge, especially in connection with life-sustaining decisions. We discuss advance directives and lasting powers of attorneyand various tests of capacity, along with safeguards in connection with research. We then provide some conceptual analysis of the notions of ‘capacity’ and ‘competence’. We hope to have demonstrated that capacity and decision-making are complex matters because they reflect deeper issues to do with our standing as situated human beings in the world.
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Dignam, Alan, and John Lowry. 4. Promoters and pre-incorporation contracts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198753285.003.0259.
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Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter focuses on one area where the motives of ‘promoters’ (that is, those who form a company) are relevant to the legal aspects of certain activities carried out in the company’s name, especially when they enter into contracts for the company prior to its formal registration. After defining the term ‘promoter’, the chapter discusses the fiduciary duties of promoters and the range of remedies available to the company against a promoter who breaches his fiduciary duties. It then considers problems involving contracts entered into prior to incorporation and the common law position on such contracts. It also explains pre-incorporation contracts, deeds, and obligations under Section 51 of Companies Act 2006 before concluding with an analysis of the issue of corporate mobility in relation to the freedom of establishment.
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Dignam, Alan, and John Lowry. 4. Promoters and pre-incorporation contracts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811831.003.0004.
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Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter focuses on one area where the motives of ‘promoters’ (that is, those who form a company) are relevant to the legal aspects of certain activities carried out in the company’s name, especially when they enter into contracts for the company prior to its formal registration. After defining the term ‘promoter’, the chapter discusses the fiduciary duties of promoters and the range of remedies available to the company against a promoter who breaches his fiduciary duties. It then considers problems involving contracts entered into prior to incorporation and the common law position on such contracts. It also explains pre-incorporation contracts, deeds, and obligations under Section 51 of Companies Act 2006 before concluding with an analysis of the issue of corporate mobility in relation to the freedom of establishment.
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Murray, Andrew. Information Technology Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198804727.001.0001.
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Information Technology Law: The Law and Society is the ideal companion for a course of study on information technology law and the ways in which it is evolving in response to rapid technological and social change. The fourth edition of this groundbreaking textbook develops its unique examination of the legal processes and their relationship to the modern ‘information society’. Charting the development of the rapid digitization of society and its impact on established legal principles, Murray examines the challenges faced with enthusiasm and clarity. Following a clearly defined part structure, the text begins by defining the information society and discussing how it may be regulated, before moving on to explore issues of internet governance, privacy and surveillance, intellectual property and rights, and commerce within the digital sphere. The author’s highly original and thought-provoking approach to the subject also makes it essential reading for researchers, IT professionals, and policymakers. This fourth edition includes expanded coverage of net neutrality, cryptocurrency, and blockchain technology as well as being significantly explained to cover developments in data retention and protection in light of significant developments in the area.
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Carpenter, Kirsty. Emigration in Politics and Imaginations. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.019.
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Emigration during the French Revolution has many different layers of historical reality, but the most defining of these was the legislation that condemned émigrés to death in 1793, and that was not altered until after Napoleon came to power. This legislation was not without its critics from its inception, and it is important to challenge the very inflexible notion that all émigrés were automatically traitors. The problems of getting émigré protests heard, and the imaginary aspect of their ideal France—usually a constitutional monarchy—was harder to convey while the legislation was in place. Furthermore the issue of justice for a significant minority group tests the principles of the revolutionaries inside France, and has a context that concerns not only the émigrés, but what the Republicans imagined as well. This chapter deals with the elaboration of the legislation and the difficulties of overcoming a very uncompromising stance on the guilt of the émigrés as a collective. These émigrés were in fact genuine refugees, and like any refugees their plight was the worse for the length of time the conflict lasted.
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Carpenter, Kirsty. Emigration in Politics and Imaginations. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.019_update_001.
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Emigration during the French Revolution has many different layers of historical reality, but the most defining of these was the legislation that condemned émigrés to death in 1793, and that was not altered until after Napoleon came to power. This legislation was not without its critics from its inception, and it is important to challenge the very inflexible notion that all émigrés were automatically traitors. The problems of getting émigré protests heard, and the imaginary aspect of their ideal France—usually a constitutional monarchy—was harder to convey while the legislation was in place. Furthermore the issue of justice for a significant minority group tests the principles of the revolutionaries inside France, and has a context that concerns not only the émigrés, but what the Republicans imagined as well. This chapter deals with the elaboration of the legislation and the difficulties of overcoming a very uncompromising stance on the guilt of the émigrés as a collective. These émigrés were in fact genuine refugees, and like any refugees their plight was the worse for the length of time the conflict lasted.
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Davies, Vanessa, and Dimitri Laboury, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Paleography. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190604653.001.0001.
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Epigraphy and palaeography are ways of recording, analyzing, and interpreting texts and images. This Handbook discusses technical issues about recording text and art and interpretive questions about what we do with those records and why we do it. The Handbook aims to • discuss current theories with regard to the cultural setting and material realities in which Egyptian epigraphy was produced;• familiarize the reader with epigraphic techniques and practices; and• outline and review traditional and emerging techniques and challenges as a guide for future research. The chapters offer a diachronic perspective, covering all Egyptian scripts from prehistoric through Coptic, a look at recording techniques that considers past, present, and future, and a focus on colleagues’ experiences. The diachronic perspective illustrates the range of techniques used to record different phases of writing in different media. The consideration of past, present, and future techniques allows readers to understand why particular strategies are or were employed by linking the aims of an effort with the chosen technique. The choice of techniques is a matter of goals and the records’ work circumstances, an inevitable consequence of epigraphy being a double projection: geometrical, transcribing in two dimensions an object that exists physically in three, and mental, an interpretation, with an inevitable selection among the object’s defining characteristics. Colleagues’ experiences provide a range of perspectives and opinions. These accounts are interesting and instructive stories of innovation in the face of scientific conundrum.
Book chapters on the topic "Defining Issues Test"
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"Context and Results: The Defining Issues Test." In The Moral Media, 37–47. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410612106-8.
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"Moral Components and the Defining Issues Test: Enlarging and Constricting the Moral Domain." In Moral Psychology, edited by Daniel K. Lapsley, 93–107. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429498824-5.
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Enns, Charlotte, and Patrick Boudreault. "Score Use and Interpretation of First Signed Language Assessments." In The Handbook of Language Assessment Across Modalities, 63–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885052.003.0006.
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This chapter provides a critical examination of the different uses of test scores; their interpretation by test administrators, educators, professionals, and researchers; and the implications these scores may have for test-takers. Before discussing the issues of test scores, an overview of the complexities involved in defining the L1 of deaf signers will be shared. Understanding the potential pitfalls of signed language assessment with a diverse background of L1 users is emphasized. Four sections address critical issues on scoring and interpreting assessments: purpose, consistency, norming and scoring, and interpreting the results beyond the score. Conducting valid and reliable language assessment is critical to establishing a baseline for intervention, education or research, monitoring an individual’s language competency and growth, justifying the need for additional language support, and providing accurate reporting to parents and administrators.
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Roy, Geoffrey G., and Jocelyn Armarego. "The Development of On-line Tests Based on Multiple Choice Questions." In Web-Powered Databases, 121–43. IGI Global, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-035-6.ch005.
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This chapter is concerned with the use of Web-based technologies to deliver and manage on-line multiple choice tests for university teaching. The data defining the tests and the results of each student’s attempt is maintained in a server-side database. The test is delivered in a Web page that can be displayed by a standard Web browser. Students are thus able to access the required tests from the same location that they can access their course content, in large part, on the Web. Multiple choices tests have been shown to be an effective way of both supporting the learning experience and providing an objective assessment process. The basic elements of the required technology are described including some implementation issues that are necessary to achieve a viable and robust system. Some of the key issues include the use of server-side tools for database access and client-side components to deliver and manage the user interface.
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Pal, Kamalendu. "Quality Assurance Issues for Big Data Applications in Supply Chain Management." In Research Anthology on Agile Software, Software Development, and Testing, 1458–83. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3702-5.ch070.
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Heterogeneous data types, widely distributed data sources, huge data volumes, and large-scale business-alliance partners describe typical global supply chain operational environments. Mobile and wireless technologies are putting an extra layer of data source in this technology-enriched supply chain operation. This environment also needs to provide access to data anywhere, anytime to its end-users. This new type of data set originating from the global retail supply chain is commonly known as big data because of its huge volume, resulting from the velocity with which it arrives in the global retail business environment. Such environments empower and necessitate decision makers to act or react quicker to all decision tasks. Academics and practitioners are researching and building the next generation of big-data-based application software systems. This new generation of software applications is based on complex data analysis algorithms (i.e., on data that does not adhere to standard relational data models). The traditional software testing methods are insufficient for big-data-based applications. Testing big-data-based applications is one of the biggest challenges faced by modern software design and development communities because of lack of knowledge on what to test and how much data to test. Big-data-based applications developers have been facing a daunting task in defining the best strategies for structured and unstructured data validation, setting up an optimal test environment, and working with non-relational databases testing approaches. This chapter focuses on big-data-based software testing and quality-assurance-related issues in the context of Hadoop, an open source framework. It includes discussion about several challenges with respect to massively parallel data generation from multiple sources, testing methods for validation of pre-Hadoop processing, software application quality factors, and some of the software testing mechanisms for this new breed of applications
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Pal, Kamalendu. "Quality Assurance Issues for Big Data Applications in Supply Chain Management." In Predictive Intelligence Using Big Data and the Internet of Things, 51–76. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6210-8.ch003.
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Heterogeneous data types, widely distributed data sources, huge data volumes, and large-scale business-alliance partners describe typical global supply chain operational environments. Mobile and wireless technologies are putting an extra layer of data source in this technology-enriched supply chain operation. This environment also needs to provide access to data anywhere, anytime to its end-users. This new type of data set originating from the global retail supply chain is commonly known as big data because of its huge volume, resulting from the velocity with which it arrives in the global retail business environment. Such environments empower and necessitate decision makers to act or react quicker to all decision tasks. Academics and practitioners are researching and building the next generation of big-data-based application software systems. This new generation of software applications is based on complex data analysis algorithms (i.e., on data that does not adhere to standard relational data models). The traditional software testing methods are insufficient for big-data-based applications. Testing big-data-based applications is one of the biggest challenges faced by modern software design and development communities because of lack of knowledge on what to test and how much data to test. Big-data-based applications developers have been facing a daunting task in defining the best strategies for structured and unstructured data validation, setting up an optimal test environment, and working with non-relational databases testing approaches. This chapter focuses on big-data-based software testing and quality-assurance-related issues in the context of Hadoop, an open source framework. It includes discussion about several challenges with respect to massively parallel data generation from multiple sources, testing methods for validation of pre-Hadoop processing, software application quality factors, and some of the software testing mechanisms for this new breed of applications
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Gonçalves, Carlos. "Models, Methods, and Metrics to Measure Socioeconomic Resilience." In Handbook of Research on Methods and Tools for Assessing Cultural Landscape Adaptation, 346–67. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4186-8.ch014.
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This chapter aims to discuss concepts and methods to measure the landscape resilience of urban systems and test the indicators framework in the Portuguese regional context. The objective is to measure the performance and the direction of the urban changes in different phenomena, as well as to evaluate the level of urban systems preparation for a desired and undesired change adaptability. The approach to these issues is analyzed in the literature, dividing the aforementioned analysis into the resilience of the economic base, of the social structure, and of the urban form. In brief, the chapter meets three objectives: firstly, defining the framework of principles more commonly associated with urban resilience; secondly, providing a selection of indicators that embodies the different proposals of measurement; and thirdly, applying the indicator matrix to two Portuguese case studies (Caldas da Rainha and Évora urban systems).
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Grant, Candace T., and Kenneth A. Grant. "Improving Moral Behaviour in the Business Use of ICT." In Business Education and Ethics, 1178–200. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3153-1.ch060.
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The 21st century has seen a much-increased focus on the importance of ethical behaviour in business, driven by major scandals, calls for stricter regulation and increased demands for improved governance and reporting. In parallel, there are calls for the incorporation of moral and ethical elements in business education and university accreditation bodies and schools are responding. In particular, the explosion of technology change, particularly Internet, social media and beyond have raised many challenges for individuals, organizations and legislators. However, educational responses are varied and little has been done to determine the effectiveness of what has been done. Most responses to this need to provide ethical education follow a cognitive, rule-based approach, often using case-based techniques. This can improve knowledge and understanding of ethical issues, but it may have limited influence on actual behaviour. A relatively new field – Positive Psychology -- provides an alternate perspective, focusing on what is good rather than what is poor behaviour. One Positive Psychology approach, that of Appreciative Inquiry, which has not previously been used in ICT ethics education, offers a promising technique to develop improved moral attitudes and behaviour. This paper reports on a large-scale pedagogical research project that: (1) examines ethical perspectives from philosophy, psychology and pedagogy in the context of ICT professional education; (2) describes the development and multistage implementation of an ethics course in an undergraduate business ICT program delivered to more than 1,200 students; (3) discusses the formal evaluation of changes in moral attitude following a Positive Psychology intervention in the education of some 300 Business ICT students using the Defining Issues Test, Version 2 (DIT2) and the IMIS Survey developed at the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility. The project results demonstrate that a well-designed applied ICT ethics course produces measureable positive changes in the ethical stances of participants and that the use of Appreciative Inquiry increases the impact of these changes. In addition to the relevance of the findings for educators they can provide guidance to those in organisations responsible for the ethical behaviour of their ICT employees.
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Rosenfeld, Stuart, and Nalini Bhushan. "Chemical Synthesis: Complexity, Similarity, Natural Kinds, and the Evolution of a “Logic”." In Of Minds and Molecules. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128345.003.0020.
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The goal of this chapter is to extract some of the conceptual underpinnings of the idea of synthesis and of the different aspects that constitute its practice. In so doing, we show why chemical synthesis should be of interest to metaphysicians and philosophers of science. To this end we (1) provide a provisional characterization of synthesis; (2) describe what chemists have understood to be the “logical” structure that underlies the modern practice of multistep synthesis; (3) explore the notions of molecular and synthetic complexity and the relationship between them; (4) analyze the use of similarity judgments in the categorization of compounds; and, related to this, (5) undertake a scrutiny of the notion of a natural kind in the context of the possibility of chemical synthesis. These last two, intertwined, issues having to do with categorization are of particular interest, given that some philosophers have taken chemistry to be the science that, in its theoretical workings, dispenses with such disreputable concepts as similarity and the associated idea of a natural kind which are of “dubious scientific standing.” For instance, Quine (1969) argues that the freedom from such imprecise means of categorization in chemistry is a marker of its status as a more “mature” science, one to which other domains aspire. However, by the same token, and ironically, this feature of chemistry in effect removes the discipline from the purview of philosophers, for reasons that will become clearer later on in the chapter. We argue against Quine, concluding that chemistry fails the test of maturity but becomes philosophically interesting in the process. The mid-nineteenth-century defeat of vitalism and the subsequent unification of organic and inorganic chemistry came in large measure as a result of chemical synthesis. This early indication of the powerful implications that arise for chemistry from this unique field of investigation might well suffice for its continuing philosophical scrutiny. There are at least two other reasons for undertaking a philosophical investigation of synthesis. Synthesis is, and has long been, pervasive in the practice of chemistry and is a unique, and defining, feature of this field.
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T., Veena, Dileep A. D., and C. Chandra Sekhar. "A Review of Kernel Methods Based Approaches to Classification and Clustering of Sequential Patterns, Part II." In Pattern Discovery Using Sequence Data Mining, 51–71. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-056-9.ch003.
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Pattern analysis tasks on sequences of discrete symbols are important for pattern discovery in bioinformatics, text analysis, speech processing, and handwritten character recognition. Discrete symbols may correspond to amino acids or nucleotides in biological sequence analysis, characters in text analysis, and codebook indices in processing of speech and handwritten character data. The main issues in kernel methods based approaches to pattern analysis tasks on discrete symbol sequences are related to defining a measure of similarity between sequences of discrete symbols, and handling the varying length nature of sequences. We present a review of methods to design dynamic kernels for sequences of discrete symbols. We then present a review of approaches to classification and clustering of sequences of discrete symbols using the dynamic kernel based methods.
Conference papers on the topic "Defining Issues Test"
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Byrne, Graeme, and Lorraine Staehr. "The Evaluation of a Computer Ethics Program." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2761.
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The importance of teaching computer ethics is shown by its inclusion as core content in both information systems and computer science model curricula. This paper outlines a method for evaluating undergraduate computer ethics programs using the Defining Issues Test of moral judgment. A “before-and-after with a control group” research design was used. The experimental group exhibited a significantly larger increase in moral judgment development than the control group. This indicates that computer ethics teaching is having a useful effect on students’ ethical development.
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West, Robert L., and Wei Wang. "Elements of a Software Architecture for a Rapid Prototype Test and Evaluation System for Experimental Structural Dynamics." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0027.
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Abstract This paper presents work in progress toward the development of a test and evaluation system for a new concept in experimental structural dynamics. Structural imaging is composed of both the static and dynamic image of the structure, resulting in the structure’s profile and dynamic response. Structural imaging is realized by interfacing a scanning laser velocimeter to an engineering workstation for data acquisition, signal processing, data modeling and scientific visualization. A software system is to be developed that will allow the investigation of the science and the rapid-prototyping and evaluation of new methods. The design goals for the system software are presented. The concepts defining the elements of the software architecture are also discussed. The event driven finite state machine is explored as the fundamental model of the system architecture. Run-time configuration of the software and virtual instruments provides a mechanism for the evolution of the system. The concepts of the project and test objects are introduced to support the testing of structures. Issues of systems integration and system objects for handling errors and files are also discussed.
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Ahac, Saša, and Petra Kipa. "Investigation of the clear sight areas on suburban roundabouts." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1348.
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To achieve safe and unobstructed traffic flow at roundabouts and their approaches, the important condition that needs to be met is adequate visibility. Namely, a clear line of sight must be ensured to enable a driver without the right of way to engage in the roundabout traffic flow safely and to note on time the position of the vehicle in front of him. The issue of sight distance evaluation on suburban single-lane roundabouts will be analysed in this paper. A critical review of several roundabout design standards and guidelines (Australian, Croatian, and Italian) that describe procedures for determining the necessary sight distance at these intersections will be given. Influential parameters for defining clear sight areas will be presented in detail, with an emphasis on the diversity of roundabout sight distance evaluation approaches. Key issues of the existing Croatian guidelines will be identified, and recommendations for the improvement will be given. Test results obtained on a theoretical example of a suburban roundabout will also be commented on.
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Ó Meachair, Deaglán, Fabio Squadrani, Carlos Jose Sierra, Gerard Perez, Jeremie Clement, and Narcis Molina. "Target Setting and Test Metrics Definition for Redundant Braking Systems Development for CAVs." In EuroBrake 2022. FISITA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/eb2022-ibc-005.
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"Braking systems development is currently facing a shift in the engineering and testing activities. Traditionally pedal feel tuning and performance refinement have been major issues, but along with electrification, the increasing level of driving automation is shifting development efforts into different directions. For a brake system, the task of autonomous driving (with or without human presence) mandates redundancy in many subsystem elements. Therefore, a strong effort in understanding how to set targets is needed to correctly develop and validate reliable systems. In this paper, the authors are initially defining a set of performance key factors, which will be used to define the global characteristics of the system. It is not necessary to deeply investigate the performance of the system to validate the operation of a vehicle equipped with a redundant braking system, but in the concept phase it is certainly useful to investigate how different architectures could potentially influence the vehicle performance. Having investigated the structure of the system, the authors suggest how targets could be set for a vehicle equipped with a redundant braking system. This study is mainly focused on understanding and validating how failures affect the general performance of the vehicle. Primarily this paper shows how partial system failures (ESP, EPB, iBooster) affect the general braking performance, mainly in terms of deceleration, stopping distance, front/rear modulation, on slope braking performance and finally time-to-lock. The main output of this study is the definition of a validation matrix (a so called Design Validation Plan), which is certainly a necessary step in order to perform a robust Vehicle Target Setting (VTS). A list of metrics is also proposed by the authors. The target book generation needs to be as versatile as possible, in order to be adapted to the full range of available systems in the market, particularly when the systems allow automated driving levels higher than L3. "
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Salsbury, James G. "Important Broad-Based Metrology Concepts in the Revised U.S. Micrometer Standard." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.25.
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A revision to the U.S. standard on micrometers, ASME B89.1.13, was approved by the ASME B89 dimensional metrology standards committee in 2012, and final publication of the standard is expected in 2013. This standard includes many modern and novel calibration concepts that apply beyond the dimensional field, and the purpose of this paper is to communicate some of the highlights of this new standard to the larger metrology community. Some of the key issues include defining the measurand, traceability requirements, conformance decision rules, calibration versus verification, and measurement uncertainty. It is expected that some of the concepts in the revised ASME B89.1.13 will be controversial, for example the intentional lack of inclusion of the resolution of the unit under test in the estimation of measurement uncertainty. By presenting this new standard in completion, it is hoped that others will understand and appreciate the reasoning behind some of the novel and controversial concepts in this standard and therefore be able to apply some of the ideas not just to micrometers but to other fields of metrology as well.
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Al-Sabea, Salem, Milan Kumar Patra, Abdullah Abu-Eida, Jamayel Mubarak Dhafiri, Mahmoud Hamdy Gobran, Fatemah Amir Al Rasheed, and Sergey Prosvirkin. "Defining the Zonal Contribution in a Horizontal Well with Cased Hole ICD's Completion Using Innovative Integration of Multi Arrays Production Logging, Spectral Noise and High Resolution Temperature Log." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31593-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope The Horizontal wells enhance reservoir performance by placing a long wellbore section within the reservoir. As they help in reducing water and/or gas production, increasing oil rates, reducing sand production and finally in achieving efficient drainage of the reservoir. The inflow control devices (ICDs) are used to address the issues of premature water and/or gas breakthrough, uniform flow distribution and reservoir depletion in the oilfield. They reduce the flow of unwanted fluids and balance the production distribution across the entire lateral section. The production contribution across the ICDs monitoring to take necessary remedial action is one of the challenges in this type of completion. In this case study, the main objective was to determine the contribution profile and source of water in horizontal well with passive ICD completion installed back in 2011. The various challenges were the low production rate, heavy oil with water, erratic and inconsistent nature of the well flow, ESP design test with lack of recent flow results, and lack of some data about the ICDs. In addition, unlike most of the cases where the ICDs are installed in open hole, this case the ICDs are installed in 7in liner with nine perforation intervals. Methods, Procedures, Process This paper presents the use of multi arrays production logging combined with spectral noise and high precise temperature tools, to determine the contribution profile and source of water in this challenging ICD completion. Results, Observations, Conclusions The contribution profile across the ICDs was determined using the multi arrays production logging data and temperature simulation models assisted by noise data. The results were in contrary to the previous production logging results and helped significantly in the design of proper ICD cleaning operations. The work-over resulted in successfully restoring and attaining high oil gain. Novel/Additive Information The innovative combination of multi arrays production logging combined with spectral noise and high precise temperature tools to determine the contribution profile and source of water in horizontal well with ICD completion.
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Haroldsen, Brent, Jerome Stofleth, Mien Yip, and Allan Caplan. "Experience With Using Code Case 2564 to Design and Certify an Impulsively Loaded Vessel." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97987.
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Code Case 2564 for the design of impulsively loaded vessels was approved in January 2008. In 2010 the US Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Program, with support from Sandia National Laboratories, procured a vessel per this Code Case for use on the Explosive Destruction System (EDS). The vessel was delivered to the Army in August of 2010 and approved for use by the DoD Explosives Safety Board in 2012. Although others have used the methodology and design limits of the Code Case to analyze vessels, to our knowledge, this was the first vessel to receive an ASME explosive rating with a U3 stamp. This paper discusses lessons learned in the process. Of particular interest were issues related to defining the design basis in the User Design Specification and explosive qualification testing required for regulatory approval. Specifying and testing an impulsively loaded vessel is more complicated than a static pressure vessel because the loads depend on the size, shape, and location of the explosive charges in the vessel and on the kind of explosives used and the point of detonation. Historically the US Department of Defense and Department of Energy have required an explosive test. Currently the Code Case does not address testing requirements, but it would be beneficial if it did since having vetted, third party standards for explosive qualification testing would simplify the process for regulatory approval.
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Geng, Weiqun, Douglas Pennell, Stefano Bernero, and Peter Flohr. "Reduction of NOx Emission of Heavy Duty Gas Turbines by Improving Mixing Quality Using CFD Tools." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41268.
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Jets in cross flow are one of the fundamental issues for mixing studies. As a first step in this paper, a generic geometry of a jet in cross flow was simulated to validate the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tool. Instead of resolving the whole injection system, the effective cross-sectional area of the injection hole was modeled as an inlet surface directly. This significantly improved the agreement between the CFD and experimental results. In a second step, the calculated mixing in an ALSTOM EV burner is shown for varying injection hole patterns and momentum flux ratios of the jet. Evaluation of the mixing quality was facilitated by defining unmixedness as a global non-dimensional parameter. A comparison of ten cases was made at the burner exit and on the flame front. Measures increasing jet penetration improved the mixing. In the water tunnel the fuel mass fraction within the burner and in the combustor was measured across five axial planes using LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence). The promising hole patterns chosen from the CFD computations also showed a better mixing in the water tunnel than the other. Distribution of fuel mass fraction and unmixedness were compared between the CFD and LIF results. A good agreement was achieved. In a final step the best configuration in terms of mixing was checked with combustion. In an atmospheric test rig measured NOx emissions confirmed the CFD prediction as well. The most promising case has about 40% less NOx emission than the base case.
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Kinney, Troy W., and Michael L. Easley. "Ceramic Gas Turbine Technology Development." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-465.
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Under the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DoE) funded Ceramic Turbine Engine Demonstration Project (CTEDP), AlliedSignal Engines is addressing remaining critical concerns slowing the commercialization of structural ceramics in gas turbine engines. These issues include demonstration of ceramic component reliability, readiness of ceramic suppliers to support ceramic production needs, and development of ceramic design technologies. The AlliedSignal/Garrett Model 331-200[CT] auxiliary power unit (APU) is being used as a ceramics test bed engine. The first-stage turbine blades and nozzles were redesigned for ceramic materials, employing design methods developed during the earlier Dept. of Energy/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (DoE/NASA)-funded Advanced Gas Turbine (ACT) and Advanced Turbine Technology Applications (ATTAP) programs. The fabrication processes for these components provide the framework for demonstration of ceramic manufacturing process scale-up to the minimum level for commercial viability. Ceramic engine components have been fabricated and are now being evaluated in laboratory engine testing. This testing is helping to refine the component designs and focus the development of ceramic component technologies. Extended engine endurance testing and field testing in commercial aircraft is planned, to demonstrate ceramic component reliability. Significant progress was made during 1996 in the ceramic component manufacturing scale-up activities. The CTEDP ceramics subcontractors, AlliedSignal Ceramic Components (Torrance, CA) and Kyocera Industrial Ceramics Corporation (Vancouver, WA) demonstrated increased capacity and improved yields of silicon nitride materials. Planned ceramic turbine nozzle manufacturing demonstrations were initiated by both companies. Ceramic design technology was further refined in several areas. Work continued in defining boundary conditions for impact modeling of ceramic turbine engines, including completion of a three-dimensional trajectory analysis for combustor carbon particles in the engine flowpath. Contact rig tests and supporting analyses helped define the effectiveness of compliant layers in reducing ceramic turbine blade attachment contact stresses, and the results are aiding the evolution of more effective compliant layer configurations. This work supported evaluation of various ceramic turbine blade attachment designs in subelement and engine tests. Thin-film strain gage technology for measuring vibratory levels at high temperatures was successfully applied on ceramic turbine blades. Ceramic materials were screened for susceptibility to cyclic hot corrosion fatigue at the conditions affecting turbine blades. Stress rupture testing in support of the proof test methodology development was completed. Engine endurance tests with ceramic turbine nozzles accumulated over 482 additional hours of successful operation. Ceramic turbine blades were successfully demonstrated in over 190 hours of engine operation. This work brought the combined ceramic component engine test experience to over 1500 operating hours. Work summarized in this paper was funded by the DoE Office of Transportation Technologies, as part of the Turbine Engine Technologies Program, and administered through Fiscal Year 1996 by the NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH under Contract No. OEN3-335.
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Druzhinina, Valeriya. "The Empirical Analysis of Occupational Reflection of Police Officers." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-33.
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One of the most pressing issues in contemporary psychology is the study and analysis of the reflective aspects of the performance of police officers. This article deals with the theoretical and empirical aspects of psychological cognition of the stated topic regarding the example of future officers of investigative units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Different approaches to understanding occupational reflections were listed. Within the scope of this study, the authors share the view that occupational reflection is one of the structural components of the I-concept of an investigative officer. To comprehensively study the stated topic, the auhors addressed the types of problems faced by an investigative officer, and defined the contribution of occupational reflection to the proper fulfillment of duties. The aim of the study is to empirically identify the revelation of features of parameters of occupational reflection of police officers. The author summarises the results of an empirical study in a sample of students in an educational organisation of the Russian Mi nistry of Internal Affairs system. The occupational reflection technique (V.D. Shadrikov, S.S. Kurginyan) was employed. Mann-Whitney non-parametric U-test methods were used to process the results and analyse them statistically, using SPSS for Windows v.19. Male fifth-year students have been proven to lack the skills responsible for defining motives and objectives of professional activity. The range of significance of the overall level of reflexivity in both groups falls short of the norm. The results of the research will be used for the development of the author’s programme for the development of police officers’ performance reflection as well as for the comprehensive study of the image of the profession in the structure of the I-concept of the investigators of the Russian MIA system.
Reports on the topic "Defining Issues Test"
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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.
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This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.
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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Translator’s Gender in the Target Text. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4140.
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For the last three decades, the issue of translator’s gender and its representation in the target text has been actively researched in translation studies. Over the period there appeared numerous, sometimes contradicting views on markers of feminine / masculine / other types of speech, on whether the translator’s gender is revealed in the target text, and on the quality of translation depending on the translator’s gender. The present paper focuses on the translator’s gender markers in the target text. Taking into account the results of other linguists and my own observations, I consider the researched units being either definite or ambiguous markers of the translator’s gender. I want to bring to light gender differences in two Ukrainian translations (female translation by Natalia Tysovska and male translation by Viacheslav Brodovyi) of George R.R. Martin’s A Game of Thrones. The semantic, pragmatic and stylistic shifts in the target text conditioned by the translator’s gender and gender stereotypes blur the sense of the source text. Thus, such shifts should be regarded as unwanted changes and better be avoided.