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Fatonah, Siti, Moh Sulchan, and Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro. "Macronutrients, micronutrients intake and inflammation in hemodialysis patients." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1193.
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Inflammation in hemodialysis patients occurs since before undergoing hemodialysis. Inflammation is associated with an increase in oxidative stress. Hemodialysis patients are at risk for macronutrients and micronutrients deficiencies which can influence the increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intake of micronutrients and inflammatory status in hemodialysis patients. This study was a cross-sectional study with 76 hemodialysis patients (40 male and 36 female) who attended in two hemodialysis centers of Kendal, Indonesia. After obtaining the written consent, then patients were interviewed food intake consisting of macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake are obtained by the semi quantitative food frequency method and classified as a deficit (<100% adequacy level) and normal/ more (≥100% adequacy level), according to specific recommendations for individuals undergoing dialysis. Serum albumin was examined using the Brom Cresol Purple (BCP) method with a low category (<3.5 mg.dL-1) and normal (3.5 – 4.5 mg.dL-1). The hs-CRP serum was examined using the ELISA method and categorized as low (<1 mg.L-1), moderate (1 – 3 mg.L-1) and high (> 3 mg.L-1). A descriptive analysis was performed. The results of this study showed that 88.2% deficit energy intake, 84.2% deficit protein intake, 85.5% deficit of vitamin A intake, 85.5% deficit of vitamin C intake, 100% deficit of vitamin E intake, 98, 7% deficit zinc intake , 92.1% deficit copper intake. 63.2% subjects are low level of serum albumin and 61.8% subjects is high level of hs-CRP serum. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake in most hemodialysis patients shows deficit. The serum albumin of most hemodialysis patients shows low level. Serum hs-CRP most hemodialysis patients show high level.
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Rucklidge, Julia J., Chris M. Frampton, Brigette Gorman, and Anna Boggis. "Vitamin–mineral treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 204, no. 4 (April 2014): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.132126.
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BackgroundThe role of nutrition in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is gaining international attention; however, treatments have generally focused only on diet restriction or supplementing with one nutrient at a time.AimsTo investigate the efficacy and safety of a broad-based micronutrient formula consisting mainly of vitamins and minerals, without omega fatty acids, in the treatment of ADHD in adults.MethodThis double-blind randomised controlled trial assigned 80 adults with ADHD in a 1:1 ratio to either micronutrients (n = 42) or placebo (n = 38) for 8 weeks (trial registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12609000308291).ResultsIntent-to-treat analyses showed significant between-group differences favouring active treatment on self- and observer- but not clinician-ADHD rating scales. However, clinicians rated those receiving micronutrients as more improved than those on placebo both globally and on ADHD symptoms. Post hoc analyses showed that for those with moderate/severe depression at baseline, there was a greater change in mood favouring active treatment over placebo. There were no group differences in adverse events.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of efficacy for micronutrients in the treatment of ADHD symptoms in adults, with a reassuring safety profile.
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Kodentsova, V. M., and D. V. Risnik. "Vitamin-mineral supplements for correction of multiple micronutrient deficiency." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 8, 2020): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-192-200.
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Multiple micronutrient deficiency (simultaneous insufficient supply of the organism with several vitamins at once (vitamin D, B group), as well as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine, and not an isolated deficiency of any one micronutrient is characteristic of a significant part of the Russian population throughout the year, regardless of places of residence. The growing need of the organism at different periods of life (puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging), various diseases, drug therapy, the period of convalescence, stress, the use of various diets, enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, religious observance, adverse environmental factors further increase the risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) are closely interconnected into complex metabolic networks, which provide maintaining homeostasis and health. Deficiency of each of the essential micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a particular disease, and simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of not just one, but several diseases at once. Conversely, an adequate or optimal sufficiency of the body with all micronutrients, respectively, creates a “network of conditions ensuring the prevention of the disease”, due to the full implementation of all processes dependent on them in the body. This means that replenishing inadequate food intake of scarce micronutrients is an important way to maintain health and longevity. Given the variety of vitamin-mineral supplements, it is important to choose the right supplement. The maximum effectiveness to maintain the body’s vitamin and mineral status at the optimum level will be ensured by the intake of not individual micronutrients, but vitamin and mineral supplements containing a complete set of vitamins in doses close to the physiological needs of the body and basic minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine), the deficit of which is characteristic for the Russian population.
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Suliburska, Joanna, Katarzyna Skrypnik, and Agata Chmurzyńska. "Folic Acid Affects Iron Status in Female Rats with Deficiency of These Micronutrients." Biological Trace Element Research 195, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01888-z.
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Abstract Although simultaneous supplementation with iron and folic acid is justified, the potential interactions between these micronutrients are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oral iron and folic acid, administered together or separately, on iron concentration in tissues in rats with a deficiency of both these micronutrients. In the first stage of the experiment (28 days), 150 8-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group (C; n = 30) fed the standard diet and to a study group (n = 120) fed a diet deficit in iron and folate. The study group was then randomly divided to four groups: D group fed a deficit diet, FE group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate, the FOL group fed a deficit diet with folate acid, and the FEFOL group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate and folate acid. After 2, 10, and 21 days of supplementation, ten animals from each group were killed. Morphological parameters were measured in whole blood. Iron concentration was assayed in serum, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, and kidneys. Folic acid supplementation more significantly decreased iron concentrations in the pancreas and spleen than in the D group after 10 and 21 days of supplementation. Moreover, the combination of iron with folic acid markedly decreased iron levels in the liver and spleen, in comparison with iron alone, after 10 and 21 days of the experiment. In conclusion, folic acid affects iron status in female rats deficient in these micronutrients in moderate and long-term supplementation.
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Lesourd, Bruno. "Nutritional factors and immunological ageing." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 3 (August 2006): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2006507.
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Undernutrition profoundly affects immune responses, particularly at the extremities of life: in infants and in the elderly. The present review focuses on this interrelationship in the elderly. It describes three different stages of ageing: stage 1, healthy ageing, which is observed in very healthy elderly individuals who have no nutritional deficit; stage 2, common ageing, which is observed in most elderly individuals in whom various micronutrient deficits are found; stage 3, pathological ageing, which is observed in patients with protein–energy deficiency. Stage 1, primary immune ageing, is essentially characterized by changes in T-cell subsets but no change in T-cell function; T-cell function is reduced only in the very elderly (>90 years old). Stage 2, secondary immune ageing, is influenced by micronutrient deficits that may be corrected by providing nutritional supplements. Furthermore, immune responses may also be enhanced by supplementation of subjects who have no micronutrient deficits, indicating that the immune system of elderly individuals is highly susceptible to the influence of micronutrients. In stage 3, tertiary immune ageing, the immune responses are strongly related to the decreased nutritional status. In these patients decreased immune responses lead to long-lasting acute-phase responses, which induce greater use of nutritional reserves during disease and lead to increased frailty. As nutritional status has a marked effect on immune responses in elderly individuals, nutritional therapy should be given to elderly individuals who have nutrient deficits, and perhaps also to individuals who do not have nutrient deficits in order to promote healthy ageing and extend the lifespan.
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Drepa, Elena, Roman Pshenichniy, Marina Ponomarenko, Elena Golosnaya, and Lyudmila Petrova. "Effect of the next-generation stimulants on the yielding capacity of winter wheat in moisture deficit conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128502020.
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In the conditions of the Stavropol Krai arid region the single nutrient fertilizer treatment of winter wheat does not always justify the costs expended due to the moisture deficit during the growing season. In this regard, one of current promising areas is the additional combined use of chemical fertilizers, growth-stimulating agents and micronutrients intended for seed and vegetative plant treatment. In 2018–2020 a research was conducted into the effect of the VL 77 growth stimulants and the Orakul Semena, Orakul Multikompleks, and Orakul Sera Activ micronutrient complexes at different growth and development stages during winter wheat cultivation in the volatile weather conditions of the Stavropol Krai arid region. The research establishes the effectiveness of the combined use of the next-generation stimulants during winter wheat cultivation on chestnut soils in the conditions of the Stavropol Krai arid region. The highest yield of the Idilliya winter wheat variety (4.68 t/ha) was achieved by initially dressing the seeds with the VL 77 growth stimulants combined with the Orakul Semena micronutrient complex and treating the seeds with the VL 77 growth stimulants in combination with the Orakul Multikompleks micronutrient complex during the spring growth resumption period. The second treatment of vegetative plants during the flag leaf stage stimulated their growth, but moisture deficit reduced the yields by 2.3%. Still, the yields obtained exceeded the test yields by 4.3%. On average, during the three years of research the growth stimulant and micronutrient complex treatment boosted the yielding capacity in moisture deficit conditions by 4.6–5.1%. The cost effectiveness concurrently increased from 66.0% to 89.0%.
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Tithi, MA, MA Mannan, MAR Khan, and MM Rahman. "Growth and Yield of Wheat as Influenced by Micronutrients Under Water Deficit Condition." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v24i1.55552.
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Crop productivity is greatly affected by drought stress. In order to evaluate the effects of Zn and Fe micronutrients on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety BARI Gom 29, a pot experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during November 2018 to March 2019. Two water regimes i.e. control (80% of field capacity) and drought (40% of field capacity) were maintained throughout the growing season. Micronutrients Zn and Fe viz. i) ZnSO4.7H2O and Fe3SO4.7H2O @22 kgha-1were applied in soil before sowing; ii) ZnSO4.7H2O solution and Fe3SO4.7H2O solution @ 5% of each were applied as foliar spray at flowering stage following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results indicated that drought stress affected negatively wheat growth such as plant height, fresh weight of leaf, stem, root and total weight of plant as well as yield. Zn and Fe mitigate the drought effects in wheat which ultimately improve the growth and the yield. Among the micronutrients, Fe (Fe3SO4.7H2O) was found more effective when it was applied as foliar spray @ 5% solution for increasing the growth and yield of wheat under water deficit stress condition. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 119-128
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Pasandi, Mokhtar, Mohsen Janmohammadi, Amin Abasi, and Naser Sabaghnia. "Oil characteristics of safflower seeds under different nutrient and moisture management." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 17, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2018-0009.
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Abstract Safflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in semi-arid regions. The soil of semi-arid areas often encounters micronutrient deficiencies. However, nutrients imbalance seems to affect the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the oil as well as plant growth. Current experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of different application practices (soil application and foliar spray) of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) on oil content, fatty acid profile and yield components of safflower under full and limited irrigations. Results showed that all of investigated traits were significantly affected by fertilizer treatment and irrigation system. The highest seed protein content was recorded for plants grown by soil application of Zn under limited irrigation condition. The highest oil content was achieved by soil application of Zn under full irrigation condition. The water deficit significantly reduced some qualitative characteristics such as oleic acid, palmitic aid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, iodine value and saponification value. The highest head number per plant, seed number per head and seed yield recorded in plants grown by soil application of Fe and Zn under full irrigation condition. Although the use of micronutrients improved qualitative characteristics in comparison with control, the best qualitative characteristics were achieved with the soil application of Zn and Fe. The elimination of micronutrient deficiencies and the balanced supply of nutrients through soil along with optimal and timely irrigation can significantly increase the efficiency of safflower production systems and improve the quality of the oil.
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Rosi, Eleonora, Silvia Grazioli, Filippo Maria Villa, Maddalena Mauri, Erica Gazzola, Marco Pozzi, Massimo Molteni, and Maria Nobile. "Use of Non-Pharmacological Supplementations in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Critical Review." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061573.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, with environmental and biological causal influences. Pharmacological medication is the first choice in ADHD treatment; recently, many studies have concentrated on dietary supplementation approaches to address nutritional deficiencies, to which part of non-responses to medications have been imputed. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological supplementations in children or adolescents with ADHD. We reviewed 42 randomized controlled trials comprised of the following supplementation categories: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), peptides and amino acids derivatives, single micronutrients, micronutrients mix, plant extracts and herbal supplementations, and probiotics. The reviewed studies applied heterogeneous methodologies, thus making it arduous to depict a systematic overview. No clear effect on single cognitive, affective, or behavioral domain was found for any supplementation category. Studies on PUFAs and micronutrients found symptomatology improvements. Peptides and amino acids derivatives, plant extracts, herbal supplementation, and probiotics represent innovative research fields and preliminary results may be promising. In conclusion, such findings, if confirmed through future research, should represent evidence for the efficacy of dietary supplementation as a support to standard pharmacological and psychological therapies in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Oliveira, Vanessa de Souza, Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima, Alessandra Monteiro Salviano, Luís Henrique Bassoi, and Giuliano Elias Pereira. "HEAVY METALS AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL AND GRAPEVINE UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 1 (February 2015): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150284.
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Soils under natural conditions have heavy metals in variable concentrations and there may be an increase in these elements as a result of the agricultural practices adopted. Transport of heavy metals in soil mainly occurs in forms dissolved in the soil solution or associated with solid particles, water being their main means of transport. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal and micronutrient content in the soil and in the grapevine plant and fruit under different irrigation strategies. The experiment was carried out in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three irrigation strategies: full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), and deficit irrigation (DI). During the period of grape maturation, soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm. In addition, leaves were collected at the time of ripening of the bunches, and berries were collected at harvest. Thus, the heavy metal and micronutrient contents were determined in the soil, leaves, and berries. The heavy metal and micronutrient contents in the soil showed a stochastic pattern in relation to the different irrigation strategies. The different irrigation strategies did not affect the heavy metal and micronutrient contents in the vine leaves, and they were below the contents considered toxic to the plant. In contrast, the greater availability of water in the FI treatment favored a greater Cu content in the grape, which may be a risk to vines, causing instability and turbidity. Thus, adoption of deficit irrigation is recommended so as to avoid compromising the stability of tropical wines of the Brazilian Northeast.
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Bisht, Anju T., and Vallari T. Kukreti. "Role of Micronutrients on Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Contentious Issue." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 5, no. 4 (2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2014.00019.9.
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Richard, Marie-Jeanne, and Anne-Marie Roussel. "Micronutrients and ageing: intakes and requirements." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 3 (August 1999): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199000750.
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Ageing (and related diseases) may be described as a process which results from impaired immunological, genetic, neurological or endocrinological functions. Oxidative mechanisms may play an important role in the ageing process. It is important, therefore, to emphasize the relationship between health and nutrition in the elderly, particularly with regard to antioxidant micronutrient requirements. Indeed, accelerated ageing may be related to a deficit in the intakes of antioxidant vitamins (tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin C) and trace elements (Zn and Se), as well as to an impaired adaptative mechanism against oxidative stress. Physiological modifications occurring during the lifetime and environmental influences are significant factors contributing to the impairment of micronutrient status, and these factors have to be considered when defining the specific requirements of the elderly. For Fe there is no evidence of benefit of supplementation in healthy subjects, but in the present state of knowledge combined supplementation, including Zn, Se, vitamins C and E and carotenoids, could be the best way to prevent accelerated ageing and reduce the risk of several common age-related diseases. Résumé De nombreuses théories (immunologique, génétique et neuroendocrinologique) ont été proposées pour expliquer les processus de vieillissement et les pathologies qui s’y rapportent. Les mécanismes oxydatifs pourraient contribuer à ces processus et plus particulièrement à leur accélération. La théorie radicalaire repose sur une modification avec l’âge du rapport prooxydants ou antioxydants dû à une majoration des processus oxydatifs accompagnés d’une diminution des systèmes de défense subséquentes à une carence en un ou plusieurs micronutriments antioxydants. Les modifications physiologiques qui accompagnent le vieillisement et une alimentation sélective contribuent aux modifications d’apport et d’absorption des micronutriments. Ces altérations sont accentuées lors de pathologies chroniques. Il n’existe pas de réel consensus sur les recommandations d’apports en oligoéléments adaptés au sujet âgé. Néanmoins les études récentes montrent qu’une association zinc, sélénium, vitamines antioxydantes (vitamines A et E et caroténodes) pourrait être le moyen le plus efficace de lutte contre les pathologies du grand âge et également de prévention du vieillissement accéléré.
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Nastri, Livia, Antimo Moretti, Silvia Migliaccio, Marco Paoletta, Marco Annunziata, Sara Liguori, Giuseppe Toro, et al. "Do Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Have Effects on Dental Implant Osseointegration? A Scoping Review." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010268.
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Several factors affect dental implant osseointegration, including surgical issues, bone quality and quantity, and host-related factors, such as patients’ nutritional status. Many micronutrients might play a key role in dental implant osseointegration by influencing some alveolar bone parameters, such as healing of the alveolus after tooth extraction. This scoping review aims to summarize the role of dietary supplements in optimizing osseointegration after implant insertion surgery. A technical expert panel (TEP) of 11 medical specialists with expertise in oral surgery, bone metabolism, nutrition, and orthopedic surgery performed the review following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) model. The TEP identified micronutrients from the “European Union (EU) Register of nutrition and health claims made on foods” that have a relationship with bone and tooth health, and planned a PubMed search, selecting micronutrients previously identified as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and adding to each of them the words “dental implants” and “osseointegration”. The TEP identified 19 studies concerning vitamin D, magnesium, resveratrol, vitamin C, a mixture of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D, and synthetic bone mineral. However, several micronutrients are non-authorized by the “EU Register on nutrition and health claims” for improving bone and/or tooth health. Our scoping review suggests a limited role of nutraceuticals in promoting osseointegration of dental implants, although, in some cases, such as for vitamin D deficiency, there is a clear link among their deficit, reduced osseointegration, and early implant failure, thus requiring an adequate supplementation.
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Цыбукова (Tsybukova), Татьяна (Tat'jana) Николаевна (Nikolaevna), Елена (Elena) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) Петрова (Petrova), Евгения (Evgenija) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) Рабцевич (Rabcevich), Любовь (Ljubov') Андреевна (Andreevna) Зейле (Zejle), Ольга (Ol'ga) Кенсориновна (Kensorinovna) Тихонова (Tihonova), and Екатерина (Ekaterina) Андреевна (Andreevna) Агашева (Agasheva). "ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA L. AND OXYCOCCUS PALUSTRIS PERS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2017041899.
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In medicine, the fruits of Vaccinium vitis ideaea L. and Oxycoccus palustrie Pers. are widely used. Vaccinium fruits possess antioxidant, expectorant, diuretic, antitumour and hypercathartic action. Oxycoccus fruits have antioxidant, diuretic, antifebrile and antioxidant effect. These qualities depend on a complex of biologically active substances such as vitamins, hormones, macro- and micronutrients. Macro- and micronutrients contained in fruits are able to prevent the nutrient deficit which can cause some hard diseases. At the same time knowledge of toxic elements gives us information about pollution degree of studied fruits. Therefore, the aim of our study was qualitative detection and quantitative determination of element composition of fruits of Vaccinium vitis ideaea L. and Oxycoccus palustrie Pers, picked in Western Siberia (Tomsk oblast, Tomsk region). Determination of elemental composition was performed by methods of neutron activation analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Studied samples contain important nutrients which are found in vitamins and nutritional supplements, widely used in officinal and traditional medicine and in industry.
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Rucklidge, Julia, Jeanette Johnstone, Rachel Harrison, and Anna Boggis. "Micronutrients reduce stress and anxiety in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder following a 7.1 earthquake." Psychiatry Research 189, no. 2 (September 2011): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.06.016.
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Jeyakumar, Angeline, and Padmini Ghugre. "Is lack of breakfast contributing to nutrient deficits and poor nutritional indicators among adolescent girls?" Nutrition and Health 23, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106017721074.
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Background: Breakfast is considered the first and most important meal of the day. Missing the first meal may result in significant nutritional deficits, if not compensated in subsequent meals. Aim: To describe the nutrient intake through breakfast and to study its association with nutritional indicators among adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study among adolescent girls ( n = 565) 16–18 years was carried out in urban slums of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Haemoglobin was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin method. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometry and three 24-hours diet recall. Z scores, independent sample test, and linear logistic regression were used to assess undernutrition, to compare means of nutrient intake and to associate nutrient intake with nutritional status, respectively. Results: Almost 50% did not consume solid food for breakfast and 99% of the participants consumed inadequate breakfast (<610 kcal). Two types of breakfast emerged: I (bakery products + beverage) and II (traditional breakfast + beverage). Although the mean energy intake of type II breakfast (235±100.55 kcal) and the mean micronutrient intake was significantly higher than type I (micronutrients: vitamin C and folate ( p = 0.001), iron ( p = 0.01)) it did not meet the adequacy norms for breakfast. Among nutritional indicators breakfast intake was not directly associated with body mass index. However, mean intake of nutrients such as energy, protein and iron through the day were significantly lesser ( p = 0.001, p = 0.01 and p = 0.01 respectively) among anaemic adolescents. Linear regression showed significant association between energy, fat intake and BAZ scores. Conclusions: Compensating dietary deficits that arise in the first meal would directly address the day’s nutrient deficit. The results highlight the need for a food-based approach to address undernutrition among adolescent girls in resource-poor settings.
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Abd El-All, A., and B. Makhlouf. "Response of Sugar Beet to Continuous Deficit Irrigation and Foliar Application of some Micronutrients under Sandy Soil Conditions." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2017.38250.
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Stefani, Shiela, Lukman Halim, Diyah Eka Andayani, and Fiastuti Witjaksono. "Selenium in Hyperthyroidism." World Nutrition Journal 3, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v03.i2.0004.
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Introduction: Thyroid gland has the highest selenium content compare with other endocrine organs. Enzyme that catalyzing thyroid hormone activation, iodothyronine deiodinases, were identified as selenocysteine-containing proteins. Selenium levels in soil and rice consumed in Indonesia were lower than in several other countries, which can increase the risk of selenium deficiency.Methods: This is an article review of the current literatures published up to November 2018 about the role of selenium in hyperthyroid.Result: Several studies have shown that selenium supplementation can be beneficial in patients with Graves disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Selenium has an important immunomodulatory effect, but the effects of selenium supplementation in hyperthyroid has not been conclude. Data regarding selenium intake, prevalence of deficiency, and the relationship between selenium and thyroid disease in Indonesia are limited. Various studies of selenium supplementation in thyroid disease provide controversial results, so there are no guidelines that include selenium as standard therapy hyperthyroid. Selenium supplementation can enhance the restoration of biochemical euthyroidism in Graves disease and was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis.Conclusions: Micronutrients that play a role in thyroid hormone synthesis and maintain thyroid function in addition to selenium are iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamin A. By correcting the deficit of selenium, and meeting other micronutrient requirements may provide health benefits in patient with hyperthyroid.
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Lomova, N. A., T. E. Karapetyan, E. L. Dolgopolova, and E. T. Malbakhova. "Vitamin D deficiency: a modern approach to pathogenesis and therapy." Gynecology 20, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.5.68-70.
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During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the needs of the woman's body increase. Food substances entering the body are used both for feeding the mother's body and for building the organs (structures) of the fetus and its life support. Deficit states contribute to the development of various obstetric complications, pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, adversely affect the formation of the placenta, the transmission through it of micronutrients from mother to child, increase the risk of deficiency in the child, violations of early neonatal adaptation and the formation of abnormalities in the health of children at the stage of postnatal ontogenesis. Daily vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy has a preventive effect and may reduce the risk of preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, neonatal hypocalcemia.
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Gordon, Heather A., Julia J. Rucklidge, Neville M. Blampied, and Jeanette M. Johnstone. "Clinically Significant Symptom Reduction in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Micronutrients: An Open-Label Reversal Design Study." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 25, no. 10 (December 2015): 783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0105.
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KOSTOPOULOU, Panagiota, Apostolos P. KYRIAZOPOULOS, Eleni M. ABRAHAM, Zoi M. PARISSI, Maria KARATASSIOU, and Nikolaos BARBAYANNIS. "Synergistic Effect of Selenium Addition and Water Stress on Melilotus officinalis L. Mineral Content." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 2 (December 5, 2015): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha43210045.
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The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of selenium (Se) enrichment and water stress on the accumulation of available macro- and micronutrients in Melilotus officinalis L. aerial parts. Plants of M. officinalis were subjected to three levels of Se addition (0, 1 and 3 mg Se L-1 water) and to two water treatments: a) full irrigation and b) limited irrigation (water stress). The above ground biomass (stems and leaves) was analyzed for Se, potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Se addition differentially affected the K, Mg and Ca content of M. officinalis aerial parts, while it led to the reduction of the micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn. Water stress resulted in the increase of K, Na, Mg, Ca and Cu, and to the decrease of the Fe, Zn and Mn content. An interaction between selenium addition and water treatment was more notable for Ca and Mg, which decreased under water stress at low Se level and for Zn and Cu, which increased under water stress at high Se level. According to our findings, Se-induced increased accumulation of some inorganic ions in the aerial parts of this species under water stress conditions could serve as a means to alleviate the adverse impact of water deficit on important metabolic processes, enhancing M. officinalis tolerance to water stress.
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Yaneva, Kolarova, N. ,. M. Angelova, V. Nedkova, A. Bozhinova, K. Gospodinov, S. Tisheva, and M. Tzonzarova. "Smoking during pregnancy, diet and levels of some micronutrients in adolescents with primary hypertension." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 4, no. 3 (July 25, 2014): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v4i3.6654.
Full textAbstract:
Primary hypertension frequency in children is determined by cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, smoking and inappropriate diet. The success of strategies for its prevention is dependent on a plurality of perinatal and postnatal risk factors.
THE AIM of this study was to investigate the influence of potential risk factors like maternal smoking during pregnancy and the diet throughout the first year of the child for primary hypertension occurrence and the level of certain trace elements in children with primary hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 61 students aged 10-17 years with hypertension and a control group of 20 normotensive children. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the diet of the infant were determined and studied by conducting a survey. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the serum levels of the trace elements Zn, Cu, Cr. The data was processed statistically using Statgraphics. RESULTS: We found that 47.5% of the mothers of children with hypertension had smoked during pregnancy. 80.4% of children with hypertension were formula fed and only 19.6% of them were breast-fed. Significantly lower levels of serum zinc (9,90 ± 1,63 μmol / l) were found in 66.6% of the children with hypertension. Serum copper levels were statistically significantly lower in 50 % of the children (6,76 ± 2,96 μmol / l). All patients with hypertension had significantly lower chromium (0,68± 0,26 μmol / l). CONCLUSION : Smoking mother during pregnancy and formula feeding during the first year of life can probably be considered risk factors for early hypertension manifestation. The status of trace elements Zn, Cu, Cr showed a deficit in children with hypertension. Given the role of these micronutrients in cholesterol metabolism, their low serum levels may lead to early, preclinical vascular changes.
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Gombart, Adrian F., Adeline Pierre, and Silvia Maggini. "A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236.
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Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
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Landaas, Elisabeth Toverud, Tore Ivar Malmei Aarsland, Arve Ulvik, Anne Halmøy, Per Magne Ueland, and Jan Haavik. "Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD." BJPsych Open 2, no. 6 (November 2016): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003491.
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BackgroundMicronutrients containing vitamins are reported to reduce symptom levels in persons with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but data on vitamin levels in ADHD are sparse.AimsTo examine the relationship between vitamin concentrations, ADHD diagnosis and psychiatric symptoms in young adult ADHD patients and controls.MethodEight vitamins and the nicotine metabolite cotinine were analysed in serum samples from 133 ADHD patients and 131 controls aged between 18 and 40, who also reported ADHD symptoms and comorbid conditions.ResultsLower concentrations of vitamins B2, B6 and B9 were associated with the ADHD diagnosis, and B2 and B6 also with symptom severity. Smokers had lower levels of vitamins B2 and B9.ConclusionsADHD patients were overrepresented in the group with low levels of some vitamins, possibly indicative of inadequate dietary intake of these micronutrients in a subgroup of patients. It is important to identify these patients in dietary intervention trials of ADHD.
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Mayurnikova, Larisa, Arkadiy Koksharov, Tatyana Krapiva, and Sergey Novoselov. "Food Fortification as a Preventive Factor of Micronutrient Deficiency." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-1-124-139.
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Introduction. The problem of micronutrient deficiency remains a relevant issue all over the world. However, it is mostly developed countries that practice food fortification. The FAO and the WHO accumulate related experience and summarize it in various documents. Yet some aspects of the problem can be solved on state level. The present research featured micronutrient deficit and preventive measures in several countries taking into account local food traditions. Since 1920, a number of industrially developed northern countries have started developing and implementing various food fortification programs. Similar programs are being introduced in East, Central, and South Africa and Southeast Asia. For 40 years, Russia has been taking various measures to prevent micronutrient deficiency and related diseases.
Results and discussion. The research revealed the social and economic measures of food fortification that were found lacking in these countries. The main problem proved to be iodine, iron, and vitamin A deficiency. However, lack of other micronutrients also remains a burning issue. The present paper gives an overview of iodine, selenium, and iron deficiencies in several countries. The authors proposed several solutions, e.g. food group selection, food additives (mono or premix), various ways of fortification, etc. The article also contains a list of main Russian regulatory documents that control the production and turnover of food fortification. The authors showed advantages of food fortification of mass consumption products, e.g. the low cost of processing, the affordability of enriched products, their availability for different social population, the well-developed regulation standards, the good social effect of food fortification projects, their economic efficiency, etc. Taking into consideration the environmental changes and various geopolitical and economic factors that negatively affect nutrition and population health, the authors recommend to continue evidence-based research in this direction to develop new technologies and food supplements.
Conclusion. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it reveals priority areas for prospective scientific research in food fortification based on a thorough analysis of the existing experience. From the point of view of practical application, the research offers a deeper understanding of the problem, stresses its relevance, sets goals and objectives of future studies, and offers some ideas for preventive programs.
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Gibson, Rosalind S., Sofa Rahmannia, Aly Diana, Claudia Leong, Jillian J. Haszard, Daniela Hampel, Malcolm Reid, et al. "Association of maternal diet, micronutrient status, and milk volume with milk micronutrient concentrations in Indonesian mothers at 2 and 5 months postpartum." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 1039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa200.
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ABSTRACT Background Maternal micronutrient deficits during preconception and pregnancy may persist during lactation and compromise human milk composition. Objective We measured micronutrient concentrations in human milk and investigated their association with maternal micronutrient intakes, status, and milk volume. Methods Infant milk intake (measured via a deuterium dose-to-mother technique), milk micronutrient and fat concentrations, and maternal micronutrient intakes were assessed at 2 and 5 mo postpartum in 212 Indonesian lactating mother–infant pairs. Maternal hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptors, retinol binding protein (RBP), zinc, selenium, and vitamin B-12 were measured at 5 mo (n = 163). Multivariate or mixed effects regression examined associations of milk micronutrient concentrations with maternal micronutrient intakes, status, and milk volume. Results Prevalence of anemia (15%), and iron (15% based on body iron), selenium (2.5%), and vitamin B-12 deficiency (0%) were low compared with deficiencies of zinc (60%) and vitamin A (34%). The prevalence of inadequate intakes was >50% for 7 micronutrients at 2 and 5 mo. Median milk concentrations for most micronutrients were below reference values, and nearly all declined between 2 and 5 mo postpartum and were not associated substantially with milk volume (except for β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin). At 5 mo postpartum, associations between maternal micronutrient status and corresponding milk concentrations reported as mean percentage difference in human milk concentration for each unit higher maternal biomarker were significant for hemoglobin (1.9%), iron biomarkers (ranging from 0.4 to 7%), RBP (35%), selenium (70%), and vitamin B-12 (0.1%), yet for maternal intakes only a positive association with β-carotene existed. Conclusions Most milk micronutrient concentrations declined during lactation, independent of changes in human milk production, and few were associated with maternal micronutrient intakes. The significant associations between maternal biomarkers and milk micronutrient concentrations at 5 mo warrant further study to investigate whether the declines in milk micronutrients are linked to shifts in maternal status.
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Ahmed, Niaz, Ayta Umer, Muhammad Arif Ali, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Mubashir, Abdul Ghaffar Grewal, Beenish Butt, Muhammad Khalid Rasheed, and Usman Khalid Chaudhry. "Micronutrients status of mango (Mangifera indica) orchards in Multan region, Punjab, Pakistan, and relationship with soil properties." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0033.
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AbstractMango orchards in Pakistan are deficient in soil micronutrients. Multan is one of the prime regions for mango production in Pakistan; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the micronutrient status of mango orchards in the Multan region. Soil samples from four different depths (0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm) and leaf samples were collected from thirteen different locations of Multan. Depth-wise variations in the micronutrient status and the levels of pH, EC, CEC, SOM, and CaCO3 were determined. All data collected from the field and laboratory work of mango orchards under study were analyzed statistically by applying the RCBD design. It was observed that pH and ECe of soil under study were significantly higher in upper depths when compared with lower depths whereas CaCO3 content was contrary to pH and EC as it was observed to be higher from the lower depth of the soil. Moreover, mango leaves from the majority of locations were deficient in total micronutrients due to poorly available micronutrients status of the soil. Thus, there is a serious need to improve the chemical properties of the soil, and the proper dose of micronutrients should be applied every season for sufficient supply throughout the growing cycle of mango in and around the Multan region.
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Rucklidge, Julia J., and Rachel Harrison. "Successful Treatment of Bipolar Disorder II and ADHD with a Micronutrient Formula: A Case Study." CNS Spectrums 15, no. 5 (May 2010): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900027516.
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ABSTRACTBipolar disorder with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge to treat. Ten previous reports have shown potential benefit of a micronutrient treatment (consisting mainly of vitamins and minerals) for various psychiatric symptoms, including mood and ADHD. This case study aimed to investigate the longer term impact of the micronutrients on both psychiatric and neurocognitive functioning in an off-on-off-on (ABAB) design with 1 year follow-up. A 21-year-old female with bipolar II disorder, ADHD, social anxiety, and panic disorder entered an open-label trial using a nutritional treatment following a documented 8 year history of ongoing psychiatric symptoms not well managed by medications. After 8 weeks on the formula she showed significant improvements in mood, anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Blood test results remained normal after 8 weeks on the formula. She did not report any adverse side effects associated with the treatment. She then chose to come off the formula; after 8 weeks her depression scores returned to baseline, and anxiety and ADHD symptoms worsened. The formula was reintroduced, showing gradual improvement in all psychiatric symptoms. This case represents a naturalistic ABAB design showing on-off control of symptoms. After 1 year, the patient is now in remission from all mental illness. Neurocognitive changes mirrored behavioral changes, showing improved processing speed, consistency in response speed, and verbal memory. A placebo response and expectancy effects cannot be ruled out although previous poor response to treatment and the duration of the current positive response decrease the likelihood that other factors better explain change. These consistently positive outcomes alongside an absence of side effects indicate that further research, particularly larger and more controlled trials, is warranted using this multinutrient approach.
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Joseph, Mini, Nitin Kapoor, Shobana Ramasamy, Stephen Amarjeet Jiwanmall, Dheeraj Kattula, Vijay Abraham, Inian Samarasam, Thomas Paul, and Nihal Thomas. "Nutritional profile of the morbidly obese patients attending a bariatric clinic in a South Indian tertiary care centre." Obesity and metabolism 14, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet2017241-47.
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Background: Obesity is sweeping across continents and is a major public health concern of the modern society.
Aims: The main objective of this study was to study the demographic, anthropometric and dietary patterns of the morbidly obese and study region wise variation in their nutrient intake.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 101 morbidly obese individuals from different regions of India who attended the Bariatric clinic of a tertiary care hospital in India. Their socio-demographic details, anthropometric measurements were collected. The dietary assessment was done using a 24 hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire. The study was approved by the Institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from them.
Results: More than 3/4th of the patients were females and 61 per cent had Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean age of the male and female population was 41.3 + 15.5 years and 36.7 + 11.9 years respectively. Their mean BMI was 41kg/m2. The mean daily intake of calories was more than 2200kcal/day with a gross deficit in the intake of micronutrients. Bonferroni Test showed that there was region wise variation in dietary intake, South Indian female population had the lowest intake of the micronutrients and those from East India had the highest intake. In the male population, there was a significant regional difference in intake of Proteins (p=0.039) and Energy (p=0.024). Independent Sample T test showed that South Indian had the highest intake of Energy and proteins. Anthropometric measures showed positive relation with various macronutrient intakes.
Conclusion: The obese patients require intense counselling by a dedicated team of an endocrinologist, psychiatrist, dietician, bariatric surgeon and a social worker to make achievable changes in the quality of life of the morbidly obese patients. Regional influences must be considered when counselling the patient.
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Kihara, J., P. Bolo, M. Kinyua, J. Rurinda, and K. Piikki. "Micronutrient deficiencies in African soils and the human nutritional nexus: opportunities with staple crops." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 9 (January 4, 2020): 3015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00499-w.
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AbstractA synthesis of available agronomic datasets and peer-reviewed scientific literature was conducted to: (1) assess the status of micronutrients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) arable soils, (2) improve the understanding of the relations between soil quality/management and crop nutritional quality and (3) evaluate the potential profitability of application of secondary and micronutrients to key food crops in SSA, namely maize (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus spp. and Vicia faba L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). We found that there is evidence of widespread but varying micronutrient deficiencies in SSA arable soils and that simultaneous deficiencies of multiple elements (co-occurrence) are prevalent. Zinc (Zn) predominates the list of micronutrients that are deficient in SSA arable soils. Boron (B), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu) deficiencies are also common. Micronutrient fertilization/agronomic biofortification increases micronutrient concentrations in edible plant organs, and it was profitable to apply fertilizers containing micronutrient elements in 60–80% of the cases. However, both the plant nutritional quality and profit had large variations. Possible causes of this variation may be differences in crop species and cultivars, fertilizer type and application methods, climate and initial soil conditions, and soil chemistry effects on nutrient availability for crop uptake. Therefore, micronutrient use efficiency can be improved by adapting the rates and types of fertilizers to site-specific soil and management conditions. To make region-wide nutritional changes using agronomic biofortification, major policy interventions are needed.
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Patki, Kshitija, Divya Sanghi, Raju K. Parasher, and Barkha Bhatnagar. "The Micronutrient Consumption in Indian Elementary School Children across Socioeconomic Strata." International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2021.10.01.4.
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Background: The adequate intake of micronutrients in school children has a significant long term beneficial effect on a child’s overall development and performance. Thus, identifying sub-clinical deficiencies, monitoring micronutrient intake in a child’s diet, and subsequently treating each is of paramount importance. The present study aimed to determine the daily micronutrient consumption in elementary school children across socioeconomic strata (SCE) compared to age-specific, recommended daily allowance (RDA). Subjects/Methods: Three hundred and sixty-six (366) healthy, school-going girls and boys between the ages of 6 -14 years volunteered for the study. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the urban socioeconomic status grid questionnaire, and micronutrient consumption was determined by the 24-hour recall questionnaire and the Dietcal software. Results: Seventy per cent of the children tested had a BMI in the normal range, and approximately 15.84% of the children were underweight, of which 82% were in the Mid-low SCE strata. Paradoxically, an equal number of children (15%) were overweight, of which 89% belonged to the high SCE strata. Overall, a large number (70-90%) of children were found deficient (compared to RDA) in the intake of micronutrients, and there were significant differences between children belonging to the high and mid-low SCE strata in the intake of Calcium (10 -14 year), Iron (6 - 12 year) and Vitamin B6 (for 10 -14 year). Additionally, the deficiency in the consumption of Calcium, Iron, Vitamin B6, Vitamin 12, and Vitamin A was the most in the older children, while the consumption of Magnesium and Vitamin C across all age groups was within the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Conclusions: Elementary schools across socioeconomic status and age groups reported severe deficiencies in the consumption of micronutrients. Interestingly, in-spite of the accessibility to nutritious food, children belonging to the high SCE strata were also deficient in micronutrient intake. Hence, it is important to re-focus our attention from gross caloric intake to the consumption of micronutrient-rich foods.
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Lombardo, Mauro, Arianna Franchi, Roberto Biolcati Rinaldi, Gianluca Rizzo, Monica D’Adamo, Valeria Guglielmi, Alfonso Bellia, Elvira Padua, Massimiliano Caprio, and Paolo Sbraccia. "Long-Term Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Are Present after Bariatric Surgery, despite the Widespread Use of Supplements." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094541.
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There are few long-term nutritional studies in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery that have assessed weight regain and nutritional deficiencies. In this study, we report data 8 years after surgery on weight loss, use of dietary supplements and deficit of micronutrients in a cohort of patients from five centres in central and northern Italy. The study group consisted of 52 subjects (age: 38.1 ± 10.6 y, 42 females): 16 patients had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 25 patients had sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 11 subjects had adjustable gastric banding (AGB). All three bariatric procedures led to sustained weight loss: the average percentage excess weight loss, defined as weight loss divided by excess weight based on ideal body weight, was 60.6% ± 32.3. Despite good adherence to prescribed supplements, 80.7% of subjects (72.7%, AGB; 76.7%, SG; 93.8 %, RYGB) reported at least one nutritional deficiency: iron (F 64.3% vs. M 30%), vitamin B12 (F 16.6% vs. M 10%), calcium (F 33.3% vs. M 0%) and vitamin D (F 38.1% vs. M 60%). Long-term nutritional deficiencies were greater than the general population among men for iron and among women for vitamin B12.
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Sidorova, Yuliia S., Nikita A. Petrov, Oksana A. Vrzhesinskaya, Vera M. Kodentsova, Nina A. Beketova, Olga V. Kosheleva, Svetlana N. Leonenko, Sergey N. Zorin, and Petr S. Gromovyh. "Influence of multiple deficiency of vitamins, calcium, magnesium and iodine on cognitive function in growing rats." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 54 (2021): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/54/4.
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Due to the prevalence of multiple deficiency of vitamins and some minerals among the population, as well as the role of micronutrients in maintaining cognitive functions, the aim of the research was to study the effect of combined deficit of vitamins and/or calcium, magnesium and iodine in the diet of growing Wistar male weaning rats on the manifestation of an unconditioned reflex and ability to learn in response to an electric shock. Mice for the experiment were obtained from Stolbovaya nursery, Federal State Budgetory Scientific Institution Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Moscow region, Russia). After a 5-day feeding on a complete semi-synthetic diet, rats with an initial body weight of 51.4 ± 0.5 g were randomly (according to body weight and the results of the “Elevated Plus Maze” test) divided into four groups (10-12 animals in each group). Subsequently, within 23 days, the animals of the control group (I) received a complete semi-synthetic diet, the rats of Group II (- Ca, Mg, I) were fed on the same diet, but with a 50% reduction in the amount of calcium, magnesium and iodine in the mineral mixture, the rats of Group III (- Vit) received a diet containing 100% of minerals with a reduced amount of vitamin mixture up to 20% with the complete elimination of vitamin E from it. The animals of Group IV (- Vit, Ca, Mg, I) were kept on a diet simultaneously deficient in vitamins and mineral substances. The manifestation of the unconditioned reflex was studied in the “Elevated plus maze” test before feeding the animals on experimental diets and on the 21st day of feeding. The behavior and memory of animals were evaluated in the test “Conditioned reflex of passive avoidance” on the 7th day of feeding on experimental diets in response to electrocutaneous irritation of paws (current 0.4 mA, not more than 8 sec.) when entering the dark compartment (development of a conditioned reflex), on the 8th day - a test of training (a memorable trace), and on the 21st day - an assessment of longterm memory. Pre-anesthetized with ether, the rats were taken out of the experiment by decapitation, and the content of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) was determined by HPLC, vitamins B1 and B2 were measured fluorimetrically in the whole lyophilized brain. In this research, we revealed, that throughout the experiment, the general condition of all animals (appearance and fur) and the body weight did not differ. Reducing the content of vitamins in the diet led to a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the brain content of selectively measured vitamins B1 and E at the end of the experiment (See Table 1), that indicated the development of micronutrient deficiency in them. Micronutrient deficiencies for 21 days did not affect the degree of anxiety of the growing rats, assessed in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test. However, the rats from the groups deficient in vitamins (group - Vit and group - Vit, Ca, Mg and I) had a higher motor activity than the animals of the control group and the animals fed on a diet deficient in calcium, magnesium and iodine (group - Ca, Mg and I), which significantly less moved through the maze (See Table 2). In this research, we found out that on the 7th day of the development of micronutrient deficiency in rats the reproduction of the unconditioned reflex (photophobia) worsened (See Fig. 1). In the rats with vitamin deficiency (group - Vit), the time spent in the open compartments increased 3.0 times compared to the control, whereas in the rats with mineral deficiency (group - Ca, Mg and I) and combined deficiency (group - Vit, Ca, Mg and I) it increased 1.85 and 1.95 times, correspondingly (p < 0.05), while no differences were detected when playing a conditioned reflex 24 hours after training (See Fig. 1). In this research, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in long-term memory have been discovered in the animals fed on a vitamin-deficient diet (group - Vit) and in the rats fed on a diet with simultaneously reduced levels of vitamins, calcium, magnesium and iodine (group - Vit, Ca, Mg and I). On the basis of the latent time of entry into the dark compartment after 24 hours and 2 weeks, we established that the memory deterioration was due to a decrease in the vitamin content in the diet, whereas the deficit of mineral substances did not affect these parameters (See Fig. 2). In this research, we revealed that multivitamin deficiency in rats exerted an amnestic effect and made a major contribution to impaired learning and long-term memory. This findings suggest the importance of adequate provision of the organism with all vitamins and mineral substances to maintain cognitive functions and memory.
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Anyabolu, H. C., E. A. Adejuyigbe, and O. O. Adeodu. "Serum Micronutrient Status of Haart-Naïve, HIV Infected Children in South Western Nigeria: A Case Controlled Study." AIDS Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/351043.
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Background. Though micronutrients are vital in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection, most studies have been conducted in adults. Knowledge of the status of key micronutrients in HIV infected African children will indicate if supplementation may be beneficial to these children living in this resource-poor region.Objectives. We sought to determine the micronutrient status and associated factors of HAART-naïve HIV infected children and compare them with those of the HIV negative controls.Methods. We enrolled 70 apparently stable HAART naïve HIV infected children. Seventy age and sex matched HIV negative children were equally enrolled as the controls. Their social class, anthropometry, clinical stage, CD4 counts, serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin C were determined.Results. The prevalence of zinc, selenium, and vitamin C deficiency in HIV infected subjects was 77.1%, 71.4%, and 70.0%, respectively, as compared to 44.3%, 18.6%, and 15.7% in HIV negative controls. Among the HIV infected subjects, 58.6% were deficient in the three micronutrients. Micronutrient status was related to the weight, clinical, and immunological stages but not BMI or social class.Conclusion. Deficiency of these key micronutrients is widely prevalent in HAART naïve HIV infected children irrespective of social class. This suggests that supplementation trial studies may be indicated in this population.
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Maggini, Silvia, Adeline Pierre, and Philip Calder. "Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101531.
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As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence according to how the immune system develops, matures, and declines. Several factors influence the immune system and its competence, including nutrition. A bidirectional relationship among nutrition, infection and immunity exists: changes in one component affect the others. For example, distinct immune features present during each life stage may affect the type, prevalence, and severity of infections, while poor nutrition can compromise immune function and increase infection risk. Various micronutrients are essential for immunocompetence, particularly vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, and B12, folic acid, iron, selenium, and zinc. Micronutrient deficiencies are a recognized global public health issue, and poor nutritional status predisposes to certain infections. Immune function may be improved by restoring deficient micronutrients to recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance to infection and supporting faster recovery when infected. Diet alone may be insufficient and tailored micronutrient supplementation based on specific age-related needs necessary. This review looks at immune considerations specific to each life stage, the consequent risk of infection, micronutrient requirements and deficiencies exhibited over the life course, and the available evidence regarding the effects of micronutrient supplementation on immune function and infection.
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Ejaz, Amna, Haseeb Ali, Mubarik Ali, and Umar Farooq. "Combating Nutrient Deficiency in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2016): 921–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.921-943.
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To quantify the micronutrient deficiencies and their overtime trends, food quantities reported to be consumed in HIES surveys data during 1991-92 and 2011-12 are converted into major and micronutrients using the FAO Food Composition Table for Pakistan. To see the impact of different price and income support policies on micronutrient consumption, nutrient demand elasticities are estimated for 2011-12 for carbohydrates (energy), protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and Niacin. The Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is applied to estimate the demand elasticities of the eight food groups which are then converted into nutrient demand elasticities using the transformation of Hunag (1996). On average, per capita consumptions of almost all micronutrients are deficient compared to their respective recommended levels. Our analysis suggest that income support to the poor in Pakistan through programmes like BISP would have been much more effective to eradicate nutrient deficiency, if deficient nutrient(s) are targeted and support is provided to those foods having highest demand elasticity for that nutrient. For example, the promotion of wheat and other cereals are important to eradicate energy deficiency, and promotion of vegetables, fruits, and milk are particularly important in eradicating vitamin A, C and iron deficiencies. These commodities are also high value crops for farmers, thus the price support in these crops will also impact micronutrient consumption through income effect.
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Amanda, Efina, and Salsa Bening. "Hubungan Asupan Zink, Magnesium, dan Serat dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Temanggung." Jurnal Gizi 8, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jg.8.2.2019.87-94.
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 occurs because of insulin resistance, on of the contributing factors is the lack of intake of micronutrients (zinc and magnesium) and macro (fiber). The prevalence of DM in Temanggung is 1,6%. There are 45 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Temanggung which have zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake below normal (deficit). The study aims to analyze the relationship of zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake with fasting blood sugar levels at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Temanggung. The research is a cross sectional design with 45 responden taken with purposive sampling technique. Statistical analysis using kolmogorov smirnov normality test was tested using the spearman correlation test. Data collection of zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake using the 2x24 hour recall and FFQ form while the blood sugar level data is obtained from the patient’s medical record book. The result showed that there was a relationship between zinc intake to fasting sugar levels of patients (p=0,000), there was a correlation between magnesium intake to fasting blood sugar levels in patients (p=0,000). There is a relationship between zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake to fasting blood sugar levels. Keywords: Zink Intake, Magnesium Intake, Fiber Intake, Fasting Blood Sugar Level, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Altland, James E., James C. Locke, and Wendy L. Zellner. "Micronutrient Availability from Steel Slag Amendment in Pine Bark Substrates." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-34.3.67.
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Steel slag is a byproduct of the steel industry that can be used as a liming agent, but also has a high mineral nutrient content. While micronutrients are present in steel slag, it is not known if the mineral form of the micronutrients would render them available for plant uptake. The objective of this research was to determine if steel slag could be used as the sole micronutrient source for container-grown nursery crops. Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii ‘Pink Delight’) and rose (Rosa ‘Radrazz’) were grown in #3 (3 gal) containers in a base substrate composed of pine bark and peatmoss (80:20, by vol). The base substrate was amended with the following treatments: with a complete controlled release fertilizer (CRF) including micronutrients (C-control), a substrate amended with a different CRF containing only N, P, and K along with a granular micronutrient package (M-control), and three additional treatments amended with the CRF (N, P, and K only) and either 1.2, 2.4, or 4.8 kg·m−3 (2, 4, and 8 lb·yd−3) of steel slag. Plants were harvested at 2 and 4 months after potting (MAP). None of the plants displayed any sign of nutrient deficiency or toxicity throughout the experiment. However, plants grown in the substrate amended with the highest slag rate [4.8 kg·m−3 (8 lb·yd−3)] had lower shoot dry weight (SDW) than both control groups. Substrate pH increased with increasing slag rate, which may have affected micronutrient availability in those substrates. Among the micronutrients analyzed, only Copper (Cu) was consistently deficient in both the substrate and foliar tissue of slag-amended treatments. Steel slag either does not provide a sufficient quantity of Cu or the concomitant increase in pH with increasing rates of steel slag renders Cu unavailable for plant uptake. Steel slag should not be used as the sole source of micronutrients for shrubs grown in pine bark-based substrates.
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Mészáros, Martin, Hana Hnátková, Patrik Čonka, and Jan Náměstek. "Linking Mineral Nutrition and Fruit Quality to Growth Intensity and Crop Load in Apple." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030506.
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Diagnostic of the nutritional status in fruit trees can be estimated using different models. However, these models usually do not fully match the character of the perennial crops and their accuracy needs to be improved. This study aimed at deepening the understanding of the aspects controlling mineral content of macro- and micronutrients and fruit quality of the apple trees with respect to the crop load and vegetative shoot growth. The focus was given on description of the nutrient content variability in time and space, its relation to important physiological events, and conditions altering their gradient in leaf and fruit. The evaluation was carried out with six years old ’Golden Delicious’ apple trees on M9, planted in an experimental orchard. Flowering rate, total yield, shoot growth intensity, mean fruit weight and quality along with mineral content of leaves, and fruit in different development stages were analysed according to intensity of natural or regulated flowering and fruit set, respectively. We found that aside of macroelements, iron, and manganese depended on the crop load. For nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, their gradient increased up to 10–25% within the sufficiency range as the trees tried to maintain certain level of these nutrients in leaves and fruit simultaneously during deficit. In contrary, the higher content of Mg, Fe, and Mn related to the avoidance of deficit through up to 20–30% higher uptake in trees with higher crop load. Phosphorus, potassium, and calcium content in short fruiting shoots was more stage dependent, showing relation with the timing of cessation of particular meristematic growth activity. If no intense deficit occurred, the trees kept unrestricted initial investment of nutrients in the fruit during cell division stage whatever the crop load was. Their content at the later development stages appeared to be more dependent upon the consumption by particular sink. These findings allowed to improve the interpretation of the fruit trees nutrition status due to adaptation of the reference nutrient content in low cropping trees by a reduction of 5–10% N and P, 10–15% Ca, as well as by an increase of 15–20% K content in leaves at the stage with fruit size of 20 mm, and without change in P content at the stage of about 70% of final fruit size.
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Shikh, E. V., A. A. Makhova, A. V. Chemeris, and I. A. Tormyshov. "Iatrogenic deficits of micronutrients." Problems of Nutrition 90, no. 4 (2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-4-53-63.
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Lugovaya, Elena A., and E. M. Stepanova. "Features of the content of drinking water in the city of Magadan and population health." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-3-241-246.
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By methods of atom-emission and mass spectrometry with inductively bonded argon plasma there was determined the content of 25 macro- and trace elements in tap cold drinking water used by the residents of the city of Magadan for food purposes and in hair samples of 30 young male Europeans aged of 17-23 years, who are the residents of the city of Magadan. According to our data the content of 25 elements in drinking water conforms to standards, but that content of such essential elements as Co, Cr, Cu, I, Mn, Na, Se, Zn is shown to be lower than referential indices. After boiling the water the concentration of trace elements is changed. The content of Cd, Cu, K, P, Pb, Zn, Ni becomes lower significantly. In healthy young men aged of 17-23 years, from the number of natives Europeoids, residents of the North there was detected deficit of Co and I (86% and 62%, respectively), lower concentrations of Ca, Mg, Se, Zn (76%, 69%, 24%, 24%, respectively). The constant use by residents of the city of Magadan of ultrafresh brackish drinking water in food aims may be the one of the main reasons of the imbalance of macro- and micronutrients in the body, characterized by features of the so-called "northern" type with a marked deficiency of basic essential elements.
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Huque, KS, and NR Sarker. "Feeds and feeding of livestock in Bangladesh: performance, constraints and options forward." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 43, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19378.
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Fibrous feeds mostly of crop residues, green grasses, and tree foliages and leaves support bulk diets of farm animals being raised mostly by smallholders. The roughage DM produced (51056 million kg) surpasses its demand (49200 million Kg) by 3.77%, but losses and otherwise uses result in production deficit of 44.5%. An average 56.2% deficit of roughage DM and 80.0% of concentrate DM results in a very poor plane of nutrition for farm animals. It supports an average diet containing 6.75 MJME/Kg DM and 1.63% DCP with the feed produced or 7.74 MJME/Kg DM and 2.32% DCP with the feed available, while a miserly calculation demands an average diet of at least 6.50 MJME/ Kg DM and 4.50% DCP. Brans and oilcakes sharing the bulk amount of concentrate feeds, except cereal maize being produced recently, often limit options for formulation of diets of higher metabolizability and quality protein including balancing of micronutrients essential for supporting nutritional planes for high yielding animals. Annual biomass demand and supply mismatch, harvest loss, bulk transfer problem, and otherwise uses of fibrous residues further limit feed supply to animals irrespective of their quality. Commercial poultry, on the other hand, is largely based on imported feeds except a part of corn. Different form of premixes, steroids, antibiotics and enzymes with or without knowing their quality and residual impacts on human health also used for poultry and bovine animals posing threats to food safety sometimes. The present poor plane of nutrition is not conducive to support an increased production of local or crossbred animals. Diversification and production of quality feeds and fodders, synchronization of feed production and availability to animals, strengthening feed milling capacity, conservation and improvement of new pasturage systems, mitigation of climate change impacts and domestic protection to feed safety and quality feed import are some of the options forward to increased supply of feeds and fodders help increased production and productivity of farm animals in the country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19378 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 1-10
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Moretti, Bruno da Silva, Antonio Eduardo Furtini Neto, Bruno Peres Benatti, Eduane José de Pádua, Lauana Lopes Santos, Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda, and Soami Fernanda Caio Deccetti. "Characterization of Micronutrient Deficiency in Australian Red Cedar (Toona ciliataM. Roem var.australis)." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/587094.
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The Australian Red Cedar presents a great exploitation potential in Brazil, but works about the nutrient requirements and deficiency characterization in that species are still scarce. The objectives of this work were evaluating the effects of the omission of micronutrients and characterizing the nutrient deficiency symptoms in Australian Red Cedar saplings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for a 90-day period. Australian Red Cedar cuttings were cultivated in pots with a nutrient solution under the missing element technique. The omission of the micronutrients B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn affect negatively the height, diameter, and dry matter yield of the Australian Red Cedar plants. The micronutrient which affected the relative growth of the plants the most was B. Australian Red Cedar plants deficient in micronutrients present several visual symptoms characteristic of the metabolism disorders. The perception of the deficiencies through the visual diagnosis can be useful in the nutrient management of the culture of the Australian Red Cedar.
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Altamimi, Mohammad. "Could Autism Be Associated With Nutritional Status in the Palestinian population? The Outcomes of the Palestinian Micronutrient Survey." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 11 (January 1, 2018): 117863881877307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178638818773078.
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Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is believed that the cause of autism is multifactorial, where genetic predispositions interact with environmental factors. In this context, micronutrients play a crucial role. Objective: To present evidence on current micronutrient status in Palestine and highlight its possible role in increasing problems of neurodevelopment disorders in general and autism in particular. Method: Analytical review of results. Results And Conclusions: The Palestinian Micronutrient Survey was conducted to assess micronutrient status in most vulnerable groups and also micronutrient deficiencies. The data from Palestinian population showed severe anaemia due to iron, Zn, B12, and folic acid deficiencies. One in every 3 Palestinian pregnant women is anaemic. Moreover, 78.2% and 87.1% of lactating mothers from the West Bank and Gaza Strip are Zn deficient. For children from 6 to 59 months old, 1 in every 4 boys and 1 in every 5 girls are considered anaemic. Similar trend was found with respect to vitamins E, D, A, and folic acid. We reviewed the literature that linked micronutrient deficiencies to neurodevelopmental disorders and expected the number of neurodevelopmental disorder cases, including autism, to increase.
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Lisi, Giulia, Michele Ribolsi, Alberto Siracusano, and Cinzia Niolu. "Maternal Vitamin D and its Role in Determining Fetal Origins of Mental Health." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 21 (June 24, 2020): 2497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200506093858.
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: There is evidence that mental health disorders may have roots in fetal life and are associated with deficiencies in various micronutrients, including vitamin D. During pregnancy, vitamin D balance is influenced by an increase in maternal calcitriol and a substantial increase in maternal Vitamin D Binding Protein concentrations. In the early stages of life, vitamin D is necessary to mediate numerous brain processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Furthermore, Vitamin D has a recognized anti-inflammatory activity that normally suppresses inflammation. Increased activation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and inflammation during gestation may influence maternal health and fetal neurodevelopment during and beyond pregnancy. A deficit of Vitamin D and maternal stressful events during gestation, such as perinatal depression, could influence the efficacy of the immune system altering its activity. : Vitamin D deficiency during gestation associated with a reduction in fetal brain development has been widely described and correlated with alteration in the production of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. To this regard, many studies highlights that low maternal vitamin D dosage during gestation has been related to a significantly greater risk to develop schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses in later life. The objective of this paper is a comprehensive overview of maternal vitamin D balance in determining the fetal origins of mental health with some references to the link between vitamin D levels, inflammatory responses to stress and mental disorders in adult life.
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Askari, Masoumeh, Arefeh Abbaszadeh, Mansoore Saharkhiz, Samira Karbasi, Amir Talebpour, Akram Agha Amini Fashami, Hadis Rezapour, et al. "A study of the association between cognitive abilities and dietary intake in young women." Nutrition and Health 26, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106020940116.
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Background: Cognitive abilities comprise activities that relate to receiving and responding to information from the environment, internal processing, making complex decisions, and then responding to this in the context of behavior. Aim: The current study investigated the association between dietary intake and seven aspects of cognitive abilities among healthy young women. Methods: The study was carried out among 182 women aged 18–25 years. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire containing 65 food items was used to estimate dietary intake. Neuropsychological function and cognitive abilities of participants were determined using standard questionnaires. Results: Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, stress, physical, and mental health-related quality of life as well as daytime sleepiness for the participants in different quartiles of cognitive abilities score ( p<0.05). Participants in the fourth quartile of cognitive abilities score consumed significantly higher energy, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin compared to those in the lowest quartile ( p<0.05). There were strong correlations between total cognitive abilities score and dietary sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and thiamin ( p<0.05). Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, iron and thiamin were statistically significant factors for the prediction of cognitive abilities. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that neurocognitive function is related to dietary macro and micronutrients including energy, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin on cognitive performance among young women without memory deficit.
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Kleine-Kalmer, Ruth, Adriano Profeta, Diemo Daum, and Ulrich Enneking. "Pre-Launch Exploration of Consumer Willingness to Purchase Selenium- and Iodine-Biofortified Apples—A Discrete Choice Analysis of Possible Market Settings." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051625.
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Selenium and iodine are essential micronutrients for humans. They are often deficient in food supply due to low phytoavailable concentrations in soil. Agronomic biofortification of food crops is one approach to overcome micronutrient malnutrition. This study focused on a pre-launch exploration of German consumers’ willingness to purchase selenium- and/or iodine-biofortified apples. For this purpose, an online survey was carried out. In this context, consumers were asked to choose their most preferred apple product from a set card of product alternatives in a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The multinomial logit model results demonstrated that German consumers’ have a particular preference for iodine-biofortified apples. Furthermore, apple choice was mainly influenced by price, health claims, and plastic-free packaging material. Viewed individually, selenium did not exert an effect on product choice whereas positive interactions between both micronutrients exist.
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Hossain, Sumon M., and AKM Mohiuddin. "Study on Biofortification of Rice by Targeted Genetic Engineering." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14011.
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Micronutrient malnutrition is a major health problem in Bangladesh and also in many other developing countries, where a diversified diet is not affordable for the majority. In the present world- one, out of seven people suffers from hunger. Yet, there is a stealthier form of hunger than lack of food: micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger. While often providing enough calories, monotonous diets (of rural poor) frequently fail to deliver sufficient quantities of essential minerals and vitamins. Due to micronutrient deficiencies different characteristic features have been observed to the victims. Various estimates indicate that over two-thirds of the world population, for the most part women and children specially, pre-school children are deficient in at least one micronutrient. This can have devastating consequences for the life, health and well being of the individuals concerned (like premature death, blindness, weakened immune systems etc). Genetic engineering approach is the upcoming strategy to solve this problem. Genetically engineered biofortified staple crops specially, rice that are high in essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, vitamin A) and adapted to local growing environments have the potential to significantly reduce the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies specially to the rural poor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14011 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (2): 25-35, December, 2012
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Dzyuba, Nadya, Liubov Telezhenko, Maryana Kashkano, and Maria Oliynik. "DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF THE MUFFIN"SNOWBALL"." EUREKA: Life Sciences 6 (November 30, 2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2018.00807.
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Actualization of fast food products resulted in consumption of products with an unbalanced chemical composition that may be deficit by proteins and food fibers by a modern human. Such products negatively influence the human organism that is why it is urgent to develop compositions of products with high biological indices. The aim of the scientific work was to develop the composition of a cheese muffin and to determine its biological value that allows to get a high protein product with a balanced chemical composition. Using a table processor MS Excel 2010, there was developed the composition of a cheese muffin «Snowball». Its composition contains of (mass. %, g): sour-milk cheese – 60, sesame seeds – 5, sugar – 5, cream butter – 10, walnuts – 8, salt – 1, raisins – 7, collagen hydrolysate (collagen preparation) – 10, wheat flour – 40. A muffin is a source of necessary macro- and micronutrients. Its consumption completely satisfies the human need in vitamins А and В6 and by 94 % covers the need in phosphorus. At the expanse of introducing collagen hydrolysate in the muffin composition and change of a flour share by sour-milk cheese, there increases the protein content in the ready product (45,3 %). Consumption of 1 muffin satisfies the human organism with amino acids totally almost by 29,8 %. The estimation of microbiological and organoleptic parameters at storage gives a possibility to state that a cheese muffin «Snowball» will be competitive at the consumption market. The storage term is 72 at temperature (18±2)°С, humidity no more 75 % in cardboard boxes.
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Habibi, Nahal, Agatha Labrinidis, Shalem Yiner-Lee Leemaqz, Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos, Dylan McCullough, Jessica A. Grieger, Sarah Gilbert, et al. "Effect of Selenium and Iodine on Oxidative Stress in the First Trimester Human Placenta Explants." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030800.
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Imbalanced maternal micronutrient status, poor placentation, and oxidative stress are associated with greater risk of pregnancy complications, which impact mother and offspring health. As selenium, iodine, and copper are essential micronutrients with key roles in antioxidant systems, this study investigated their potential protective effects on placenta against oxidative stress. First trimester human placenta explants were treated with different concentrations of selenium (sodium selenite), iodine (potassium iodide), their combination or copper (copper (II) sulfate). The concentrations represented deficient, physiological, or super physiological levels. Oxidative stress was induced by menadione or antimycin. Placenta explants were collected, fixed, processed, and embedded for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA ICP-MS) element imaging or immunohistochemical labelling. LA ICP-MS showed that placenta could uptake selenium and copper from the media. Sodium selenite and potassium iodide reduced DNA damage and apoptosis (p < 0.05). Following oxidative stress induction, a higher concentration of sodium selenite (1.6 µM) was needed to reduce DNA damage and apoptosis while both concentrations of potassium iodide (0.5 and 1 µM) were protective (p < 0.05). A high concentration of copper (40 µM) increased apoptosis and DNA damage but this effect was no longer significant after induction of oxidative stress. Micronutrients supplementation can increase their content within the placenta and an optimal maternal micronutrient level is essential for placenta health.