Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Defensive space'
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Bufacchi, Rory John. "Understanding defensive peripersonal space through mathematical modelling." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10054520/.
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The spatial location of environmental events with respect to one’s body largely dictates their behavioural relevance. Given that stimuli occurring near the body have a greater potential to cause harm, even the phylogenetically-old defensive hand-blink reflex (HBR) increases in magnitude with stimulus proximity. The HBR has allowed for a preliminary characterisation of a defensive peripersonal space (DPPS). The work described here provides a full spatial characterization of DPPS using formal geometrical modelling of HBR data, and highlights the functional significance of DPPS through its dependence on various contextual factors. Modelling and empirical results indicate that (1) the shape of the body area defended by this DPPS can be approximated as a half-ellipsoid centred on the face. (2) The DPPS extending from this to-be-defended area has the shape of a bubble elongated along the vertical axis. (3) This DPPS is malleable: its shape is continuously updated based on gravitational cues. The DPPS also changes in disease: while blind individuals do also display a HBR, (4) the nervous system only develops the ability to modulate HBR magnitude if vision is present during early childhood. (6) In trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a condition in which innocuous trigeminal stimulation triggers paroxysmal unilateral facial pain, DPPS is larger on the side of space ipsilateral to TN. This reflects an increased estimated potential of sensory events to cause harm on that side of space. Finally, (7) DPPS expands when the HBR-eliciting stimulus is moving towards the face. These findings show that the brain purposefully modulates the defensive HBR with proximity in a context-dependent manner, in order to ensure optimal behavior and protection from estimated threats. At a more theoretical level this work also critically discusses ambiguities in the terminology used to report empirical results about peripersonal space, which have generated much confusion in the field.
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Ragnvaldsson, Frida. "Kan jag slå mig ner här? : En kvalitativ studie om tillgängligheten och användningen av det offentliga rummet i Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171674.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how hostile architecture affects the public space's purpose and function. The study aims to create an understanding of how the design of public space has an impact on how the rooms are used and of people's access to them. The study has a qualitative approach and is based on observations of three public and semi-public spaces in Umeå. The locations that have been observed are located in the centre of Umeå and they form an important part of the public spaces available in the city centre. The results have been analyzed according to theories concerning the creation and re-creation of public spaces as well as how and why hostile architecture occurs in cities. This report displays that there are factors that will affect the access people have to the public space. This does not only refer to intentionally created hostile architecture that specifically aims to exclude people from a certain space. The study's result shows that a lack of furnishing or furniture linked to a specific purpose can make it difficult to remain in a certain space. The result also shows that there is a municipal vision of creating open public rooms to create comfort and safety. Conclusively this report shows that this type of design also can generate a feeling of being watched, which for example may cause people in need of a place to sleep not to seek out these locations.
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Seabra, Fernando. "Identificação e análise de padrões de circulação de bola no futebol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39134/tde-18082010-090153/.
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A análise de jogo é uma área de recente história acadêmica na qual ainda predominam investigações de caráter exploratório, o que se pode observar na literatura pela grande variedade de abordagens adotadas. Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia fundamentada na representação do status da relação de oposição entre as equipes para o estudo da circulação da bola em diferentes situações da fase ofensiva. Essa representação contemplou parâmetros essenciais das situações de jogo: as condições espaciais, temporais e técnico-táticas das ações ofensivas. A principal referência espacial utilizada foi o conceito de espaço de ocupação defensiva (EOD). A dinâmica das situações foi apreendida mediante a ordenação temporal das ações permitindo identificar encadeamentos de ações ofensivas espaço temporalmente estruturadas na forma de padrões. Esses padrões foram pré-concebidos para atender às diferentes possibilidades de circulação da bola em relação ao EOD. Uma analise das características da circulação da bola na fase ofensiva em equipes européias de altíssimo nível competitivo foi realizada como forma de explorar as potencialidades e limitações dessa metodologiaMatch analysis is a recent academic research field in which exploratory investigations still predominate. One can see that in literature by the broad range of adopted approaches. In this work is presented a methodology grounded in the representation of oppositional relation status to the study of ball circulation in different situations of offensive phase. This representation considered essential parameters of match situations: spatial, temporal and technical-tactical conditions of offensive actions. The main spatial reference adopted was the concept of space of defensive occupation (SDO). The situations dynamics was captured trough the temporal ordering of actions allowing the recognition of chains of offensive actions spacetemporally structured in form of patterns. These patterns were pre-conceived to encompass the possible different ways of ball circulation in relation to the SDO. An analysis of ball circulation characteristics in the offensive phase of very high level European teams was conducted to explore the potentialities and limitations of this methodology
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Bergenfelz, Charlotte, and Fredrik Silverglimth. "Att designa bort det oönskade : Exkluderande design i Göteborg och Västsverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37658.
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Studiens syfte är att undersöka olika former av exkluderande design i offentliga och semi-offentliga rum, samt vilka konsekvenser en sådan design kan ha på olika samhällsgrupper. Studiens resultat är baserade på fokuserade observationer av den fysiska designen, främst i Göteborg, i triangulering med innehållsanalys av översikts- och detaljplaner. Studiens resultat visar att en mångfald av designmodeller användes i de observerade offentliga och semi-offentliga rummen, varav en del av dessa designer kan ses som exkluderande. Majoriteten av observerade sittplatser finns hos privata aktörer som caféer och uteserveringar, vilket signalerar ett behov av att vara konsument för att få ta del av dessa semi-offentliga platser. Semi-offentliga platser som var stängda nattetid samt hinder mot skateboardåkning var andra observerade designer som riktar in sig på särskilda samhällsgrupper eller beteenden. Fyra grupper anses vara speciellt påverkade av exkluderande design: hemlösa, funktionsnedsatta, resurssvaga, samt skateboardåkare. I kontrast till tidigare forskning anser vi att flera av de observerade designerna kan anses vara inkluderande istället för att enbart ses som exkluderande.The aim of this study is to explore different forms of unpleasant design in public and semi-public spaces and what potential consequences such design may have on different social groups. The results are based on focused observations of the physical designs themselves, primarily in Gothenburg, Sweden, in triangulation with text analysis of official documentations of land use and zoning plans. The findings indicate that a variety of designs were used throughout the observed public and semi-public spaces, some of which can be seen as unpleasant. Most of the observed seating options were located within privatised businesses, signalling the need to be a consumer to use these semi-public spaces. Semi-public spaces that are inaccessible during the night as well as anti-skate obstacles were other observed designs that targeted a certain group or behaviour. Four social groups were found to be more of a target or sufferer of the designs: the homeless, people with disabilities, the destitute, and skateboarders. In contradiction to previous research a substantial amount of the observed designs can be perceived as inclusive rather than only exclusionary.
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Frederick, Lorinda A. "Deterrence and space-based missile defense /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=2c4a986d-2074-4005-b963-1b697e841d8c&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Grauer, Walter A. "Predicting space requirements at Defense Logistics Agency warehouses." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA320509.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.Thesis advisor(s): David G. Brown, K.R. Gue. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44). Also available online.
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Daehnick, Christian C. "Blueprints For The Future Comparing National Security Space Architectures /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : Air University Research Coordinator Office, 1998. http://www.au.af.mil/au/database/research/ay1995/saas/daehnicc.htm.
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Fried, Limor. "Social defense mechanisms : tools for reclaiming our personal space." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33151.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67).
In contemporary Western society, electronic devices are becoming so prevalent that many people find themselves surrounded by technologies they find frustrating or annoying. The electronics industry has little incentive to address this complaint; I designed two counter-technologies to help people defend their personal space from unwanted electronic intrusion. Both devices were designed and prototyped with reference to the culture-jamming "Design Noir" philosophy. The first is a pair of glasses that darken whenever a television is in view. The second is low- power RF jammer capable of preventing cell phones or similarly intrusive wireless devices from operating within a user's personal space. By building functional prototypes that reflect equal consideration of technical and social issues, I identify three attributes of Noir products: Personal empowerment, participation in a critical discourse, and subversion.
by Limor Fried.
M.Eng.
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Shaw, Kelly Tryon. "Burglars' assessments of territoriality and burglary risk from defensible space cues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21917.pdf.
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Cozens, Paul Michael. "Investigating defensible space and the criminogenic capacity of characteristic British housing designs." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/investigating-defensible-space-and-the-criminogenic-capacity-of-characteristic-british-housing-designs(385cf5db-07a9-4bf9-a7fd-7d1cd85db5d2).html.
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This thesis investigates the criminogenic capacity of characteristic residential housing designs found in the British city. This exploratory study collected and analysed both qualitative and quantitative data concerning the perceptions of major stakeholders in society (planning professionals, police officers, convicted burglars and young adults) regarding these design typologies. This design-specific approach highlights the crucial significance of 'image' and subjective perceptions in the 'design-affects-crime' debate thereby representing an innovative and original contribution. Newman's theory of 'Defensible Space' (1973) is convincingly supported, in that single family dwelling units such as detached, semi-detached and terraced housing, were perceived by all groups to be less prone to criminality. Low-rise and high-rise flats, however, were viewed in more negative terms, as highly criminogenic and fearinducing. To probe the complex relationship between the social and physical dimensions of urban residential space, various designs of contrasting and polarised levels of upkeep were selected for investigation. Significantly, designs with visible 'signs of decay' that were poorly-maintained were consistently perceived to be both more criminogenic and fear inducing. Newman's third 'defensible space' element of 'image and milieu' is underpinned, in addition to the 'Broken Windows' theory of Wilson and Kelling (1982). It is established that design, per se, is not the definitive explanatory factor for criminality. Rather, it is the crucial socio-economic and demographic associations attached to these designs that influences perceptions of crime/deviancy, 'defensible space' and the fear of crime. The 'image' of the design can significantly affect levels of perceived defensibility. It is demonstrated that probing the subjective and perceptual elements to crime and fear of crime provides a useful analysis to pursue alongside the traditional approaches of utilising recorded crime statistics and published socio-economic and demographic data to guide policy responses and crime prevention through environmental design initiatives. Understanding the subjective reality of the fear of crime and how 'defensible space' is perceived can assist in the campaign to improve urban design and inform the Home Office's 'Secured By Design' initiative. This work underpins the journey towards understanding 'safer cities' and contributes to the design-affects-crime debate generally.
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Deneke, Fred. "Creating Wildfire-Defensible Spaces for Your Home and Property." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146943.
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DeGomez, Tom, and Chris Jones. "Creating Wildfire-Defensible Spaces for Your Home and Property." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/270112.
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Fester, Ryan Nicholas. "Crime prevention through spatial planning : the case of Harare, Khayelitsha." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18204.
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Includes bibliographical referencesDefensible space aims to provide residents with the power to control their residential environment, so that they will defend it against any threat. While the literature on defensible space is prolific, and while its principles are still being adapted for different contexts across the world, critiques of defensible space indicate that its validity for different contexts is questionable and necessitates further exploration. This paper explores how the implementation of defensible space principles in the Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading (VPUU) safe node area of Harare, Khayelitsha has reduced crime rates and anti-social behaviour. Furthermore, it also aims to provide planners with knowledge regarding VPUU's prescription to defensible space principles. The research was conducted primarily through the use of the case study method, and a critical discourse analysis of VPUU's urban design principles. Harare's crime statistics were analysed through the use of mixed methods, in order to gain an understanding of how crime has been affected in the area. Interviews with locals from Harare provided insight on how residents perceived safety in their area after VPUU's intervention. Observations were also made in order to understand how the intervention area functions and how people use it. Cognitive mapping was done with primary school children to ascertain their perceptions of safety in Harare. The research findings revealed that the implementation of defensible space principles in Harare has improved the quality of public space, but it has not reduced crime rates or anti-social behaviour. Moreover, the main finding revealed that crime was not solely a result of design flaws, but rather as a result of the social conditions in the neighbourhood. As a result, the main recommendation was that crime prevention strategies should not focus solely on design but should address the social conditions present. The researcher argues that the implementation of defensible space principles should be context-driven, because what works in one context will not necessarily work in another.
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Warwick, Elanor Joan Petra. "Defensible space as a mobile concept : the role of transfer mechanisms and evidence in housing research, policy and practice." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defensible-space-as-a-mobile-concept(78c8a507-a372-4ad0-8450-7aef9c47ba7a).html.
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Defensible space is a contested yet influential approach to designing-out-crime on social housing estates. This thesis uses defensible space as the vehicle to explore how movement changes concepts; to extend the learning on policy mobility mechanisms; to investigate the varied cross-disciplinary nature of evidence use; and to explore the interaction of policy, the housing sector and the state. Deepening the international policy mobilities narrative, the study traces the dispersal/embedding of the concept in Britain since the 1980s by revisiting the operational and theoretical account of defensible space proposed by Alice Coleman in the Design Improvement Controlled Experiment (DICE). Drawing on interviews with planning and architecture practitioners, housing managers and elite policymakers, the thesis explores the multiple ways the concept was interpreted and implemented as it circulated from national to local level and within three London housing estates, illustrating how the transfer mechanisms worked at both a policy and practical level. Despite being a concept whose principles continue to underpin design guidance (such as Secured by Design), defensible space failed to coalesce into a single formal policy, remaining a cluster of associated disputed elements. How these conceptual elements aided or hindered transfer and take up is noted by tracking routes to acceptance, the roles of formal transfer mechanisms, informal information sharing by transfer agents traversing networks, or practitionersʼ local contextualization of generic guidance. The research demonstrates the ongoing resilience and acceptance of defensible space, despite biased evaluation, the mismatch of DICE to the politics of the time and the uncertain nature of the concept. By questioning whether positivist scientific theoretical unity is achievable in practice, it argues for greater trust in practitioner experience, and proposes a looser middle-range approach to theory building for ambiguous concepts such as defensible space.
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McClellan, Robert Eric. "Gated Communities: Gating Out Crime?" Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46526.
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Gated communities exclude the public by presenting barriers to entry. Barriers take many forms, ranging from simple gates and fences to sophisticated electronic devices and security guards. Today, more than 20,000 communities in the United States are gated, housing a population in excess of 8 million. Those figures continue to rise, and there is no indication that current trends will slow in the immediate future.
While several factors are fueling the growth of gated communities, crime tops the list. This paper evaluates the effect of gating on crime inside gated communities. To provide a context for the paper, a detailed description of gated communities is offered by way of introduction. Scholarly findings and several brief case examples are then presented in order to evaluate the impact of gating on crime.
The notion that gating delivers crime prevention benefits stems from defensible space theory. This paper introduces defensible space theory, discusses the links to gated communities, and uses the findings to evaluate the contentions of defensible space theory. Several additional crime theories are also introduced, and their implications for gated communities discussed.
Gated communities excite a number of concerns. Those that are relevant to planning objectives and ideals are presented in the final chapter of this paper. Areas for further research involving gated communities are also identified. Attention to these issues will further our understanding of gated communities and answer many questions that remain unresolved. Opinions, insights, and recommendations for addressing gated communities and crime are offered in conclusion.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Droff, Josselin. "Le facteur spatial en économie de la défense : application à l'organisation du Maintien en Condition Opérationnelle (MCO) des matériels de défense." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0059/document.
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Cette thèse questionne les choix de politiques publiques relatifs à l’organisation spatiale de la production de défense en tant que bien public. Notre cadre d’analyse permet d’intégrer le facteur spatial dans la modélisation de cette production.Comment intégrer l’espace en économie de la défense ? Comment l’espace structure-t-il l’organisation de la production de défense ? Et inversement, comment la production de défense structure-t-elle l’espace ? Notre travail s’intéresse plus particulièrement au cas de la France et plus précisément de la maintenance ou Maintien en Condition Opérationnelle (MCO) des matériels de défense. En France, selon la Direction Générale de l’Armement, les coûts de MCO se situent généralement entre 35 % et 50 % du coût global de possession des matériels. En 2012, ils représentaient environ 15 % du budget de la défense. La maîtrise de ces coûts est devenue un enjeu de premier ordre depuis les années 1990. Ils constituent un problème d’actualité : sur la période 2010-2014, ces dépenses vont augmenter de 8,7 % en moyenne. La bonne maîtrise du MCO vise à maintenir – ou améliorer – la disponibilité des matériels de défense tout en réduisant les coûts du MCO. Dans cet objectif, l’organisation spatiale du MCO est une dimension structurante d’un point de vue statique comme dynamique, compte tenu des évolutions à la fois du format des armées et de leurs équipements. La thèse est organisée autour de quatre chapitres : Le premier chapitre fait une revue de la littérature concernant les relations entre les activités de défense et les territoires dans lesquelles elles s’inscrivent. Le deuxième chapitre examine les transformations contemporaines de la défense française en termes de doctrine, de budget et de dimensionnement des armées pour identifier les conséquences géographiques de ces transformations. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse à l’évolution du MCO des matériels de défense depuis la fin de la guerre froide. Nous étudions plus spécifiquement la disponibilité des matériels, l’évolution des coûts du MCO et les réformes mises en place par le décideur public pour améliorer le MCO. Le quatrième chapitre questionne l’organisation spatiale optimale du MCO. Notre modélisation montre que l’espace peut être un instrument d’optimisation des coûts du MCO des matériels de défense. Cependant, il demeure une contrainte dont il est difficile de s’affranchir en raison de l’existence de coûts de transport, mais aussi et surtout de la nature même des activités de défense. Nous modélisons alors une contrainte stratégique sous la forme d’un coût social opérationnel. Cette contrainte tient compte des spécificités intrinsèques des activités militaires (e.g. disponibilité des matériels, localisations stratégiques imposées). Elle nous permet de souligner et de discuter l’équilibre de forces qui existe entre agglomération et dispersion dans la production de MCO. L’apport de cette thèse est de permettre d’intégrer le facteur spatial dans la modélisation de la production de défense. Nous défendons l’idée que la compréhension de l’organisation de la production de défense ne peut se faire en faisant abstraction de l’espace. L’optimisation de l’effort de défense repose sur une dimension spatiale inhérente au concept même de défense et de territoire à défendre. En conséquence, les recherches sur l’optimalité de l’organisation de la production de défense ne peuvent que s’inscrire dans un cadre d’analyse spatiale. Cette méthodologie peut s’appliquer à d’autres dimensions de la défense que le MCO et dans un cadre multinational entre deux pays, plusieurs pays ou au sein d’une allianceThis research discusses public policies related to the spatial organization of defense production as a public good with industrial dimensions. Our framework enables to incorporate the spatial factor in modeling such a production. How to integrate geographical space in defense economics? How does space structure the organization of defense production? Conversely, how does defense production structure space? Our research deals with the case of France and more particularly with the Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) of French defense equipment. In France, according to the Direction Générale de l’Armement, MRO costs represent between 35% and 50% of the whole life cycle cost of defense equipment. In 2012, they accounted for about 15% of total French defense budget. Optimizing MRO costs has become a top priority issue since the beginning of the 1990s. Such costs are still of concern during the 2010-2014 period, since maintenance equipment expenditures are rising about 8.7% on average. A good management of MRO aims at keeping – or improving – the availability of defense equipment while at the same time reducing MRO costs. With this objective and considering the evolution of the sizes of army sections and their equipment, the spatial organization of MRO appears as a structuring dimension from both static and dynamic perspectives. The dissertation is organized in four chapters: Chapter I is a literature review that legitimates the methodological approach adopted in this research. We survey the regional economics literature that has mainly focused on the location of defense activities within their surrounding economic environment. Chapter II examines the contemporary transformations in French defense (doctrine, budget and size of the army) in order to identify the geographic consequences of such changes. Chapter III deals with the evolution of MRO since the end of the Cold War. We study the evolution of the availability of military platforms, the MRO costs evolution and the main reforms that the French State put in place to improve the management of MRO. Chapter IV discusses the optimal spatial organization of defense MRO. Our model suggests that space provides an opportunity to optimize MRO cost. However, it remains a constraint that is hard to cope with, because of transport costs but also due to the military nature of MRO. We model a strategic constraint with an Operational Social Cost.This constraint takes into account the intrinsic specificities of military activities (e.g. availability of military platforms, strategic imposed locations). It allows us to underline and to discuss the balance of forces between agglomeration and dispersion in the production of defense MRO. The main contribution of this research is to incorporate space in modeling defense production. We defend the idea that the organization of defense production cannot be understood without taking space into account. Optimizing the defense effort is based on a spatial dimension inherent to the concept of defense itself and the territory that has to be defended. As a result, economic research about optimality in the spatial organization of defense should fit in a spatial framework. Beyond MRO matters, our methodology can be applied to other dimensions of defense and more particularly in a multinational framework with two countries, several countries or within an alliance
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Markwardt, Jack, and Steve LaPoint. "TELEMETRY CHALLENGES FOR BALLISTIC MISSILE TESTING IN THE CENTRAL PACIFIC." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607604.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) is developing new Theater Missile Defense (TMD) and National Missile Defense (NMD) weapon systems to defend against the expanding ballistic missile threat. In the arms control arena, theater ballistic missile threats have been defined to include systems with reentry velocities up to five kilometers per second and strategic ballistic missile threats have reentry velocities that exceed five kilometers per second. The development and testing of TMD systems such as the Army Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) and the Navy Area Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD) Lower Tier, and NMD systems such as the Army Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle and the Army Ground-Based Radar, pose exceptional challenges that stem from extreme acquisition range and high telemetry data transfer rates. Potential Central Pacific range locations include U.S. Army Kwajalien Atoll/Kwajalein Missile Range (USAKA/KMR) and the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) with target launches from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Wake Island, Aur Atoll, Johnston Island, and, possibly, an airborne platform. Safety considerations for remote target launches dictate utilization of high-data-rate, on-board instrumentation; technical performance measurement dictates transmission of focal plane array data; and operational requirements dictate intercepts at exoatmospheric altitudes and long slant ranges. The high gain, high data rate, telemetry acquisition requirements, coupled with loss of the upper S-band spectrum, may require innovative approaches to minimize electronic noise, maximize telemetry system gain, and fully utilize the limited S-band telemetry spectrum. The paper will address the emerging requirements and will explore the telemetry design trade space.
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Karlsson, Anita, and Susanne Josefsson. "Trygghet i Stockholms stadsdelar : En kvantitativ studie om anledningar till skillnader i trygghetskänsla." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128258.
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I denna uppsats undersöks orsaker till variation i trygghetskänslan bland de boende i Stockholms olika stadsdelar. Tidigare forskning visar på att individuella faktorer påverkar hur trygg man känner sig i sitt bostadsområde, där vissa grupper är otryggare än andra grupper. Tidigare forskning pekar även på att tidigare brottsutsatthet, människor som stör ordningen i bostadsområdet såsom ungdomsgäng och missbrukare, fysiska ordningsstörningar såsom klotter och vandalism, mörker eller nedsatt belysning, boendetid i området och hur bra grannkontakt man har samt att områdets rykte påverkar trygghetskänslan. Urbanteoretisk forskning pekar även ut viss bostadsområdesplanering som mer problematisk ur trygghetsaspekt. I uppsatsen undersöker vi genom regressionsanalys hur mycket vissa av ovanstående faktorer påverkar trygghetskänslan i Stockholms stad genom att använda oss att Stockholms stads trygghetsmätning för år 2014. Resultaten visar att tidigare utsatthet för brott, vandalism och klotter, störande människor i bostadsområdet såsom ungdomsgäng och missbrukare, mörker och dålig belysning samt att sämre grannkontakt bidrar till en ökad otrygghetskänsla i Stockholms stadsdelar. Däremot har boendetid och huruvida man bor i lägenhet eller småhus har ingen påverkan på tryggheten. De oberoende variablerna som har påverkan kan i vissa fall förklara otrygghetskänslan i Stockholms bostadsområden mer än vad kontrollvariablerna gör. Vid införande av kontrollvariablerna kön, utländskt ursprung, funktionsnedsättning, ekonomiska svårigheter samt utbildningsnivå kvarstår även de oberoende variablernas påverkan på otrygghetskänslan. Däremot samexisterar de oberoende variablerna vilket leder till att de påverkar varandra och deras b-koefficientvärde sjunker något och ett fåtal oberoende variabler blir icke signifikanta när de sammanställs. Vårt resultat visar på ett relativt lågt R2-värde (11,1 %), vilket pekar på att det är finns ytterligare faktorer att ta hänsyn till vad gäller trygghetskänsla.
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Lundqvist, Emilia, and Matilda Pettersson. "A neighborhood in change." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21265.
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When neighborhoods and cities fall in decline, cities and investors see an opportunity to turn the declining sites into profitable new projects, this happens all over the world in different renewal projects, or under the term gentrification. The outcome of gentrification can be considered to be both positive and negative, and the term is widely discussed in today's media. This study aims to get an understanding of how a small neighborhood in Cape Town called Bo-Kaap, that is famous for its rich culture and strong community, is affected by investors wanting to develop the neighborhood. With a problematic history of apartheid and oppression the threat of gentrification creates a new threat for the residents of Bo-Kaap. During the last couple of years the property prices in the neighborhood have increased dramatically resulting in a large flow of new residents. This has caused many locals to fear for the safety of the neighborhood as well as the fear of losing its strong community and their identity as a muslim neighborhood.
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Gray, Rodney A. "Implementation of Electronic Commerce in the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA325064.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.Thesis advisor(s): Janice M. Menker, Mark W. Stone. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-104). Also available online.
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Phillips, Wellington V. G. "Three Approaches to Space Systems Acquisitions and their Application to the Defense Departments Weather Satellite Program." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6851.
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For more than a half century, the United States government has been acquiring and launching satellites. However, throughout these years, there has been a shift in the space systems acquisitions model, from acquiring greater quantities but less complex satellites, to fewer quantities but drastically more complex individualized satellites. Within the past two decades, when a new satellite was to be built, whether as part of an existing generation of satellites or the first of its kind, it appeared that the acquisition process starts over from the beginning as if it was the first time building a satellite. This shift in the model has resulted in these individualized systems being extremely costly and taking a long time to be produced. The acquisition of the Defense Departments Weather Satellites is one such example. This author asserts that effective systems acquisition requires a system engineering-inspired approach. The result of systems engineering guidance is to synthesize general principles from case studies. Therefore, this thesis researched the history of some Air Force Space acquisitions programs, current factors affecting the way systems are acquired, and new approaches (Fast, Inexpensive, Simple, Tiny [FIST], and Evolutionary Acquisition for Space Efficiency [EASE]) that are intended to remedy the aforementioned problems. In addition, Toyotas process for producing new vehicles models was also reviewed. These three approaches were then applied to the Defense Departments Weather Satellite program to develop recommendations for its follow-on programs acquisition strategy.
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Petras, Christopher M. "The convergence of U.S. military and commercial space activities : self-defense and cyber-attack, "peaceful use" and the space station, and the need for legal reform." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33058.
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The ever-increasing convergence of U.S. military and commercial space activities poses new challenges to the viability of the legal concepts that have traditionally governed the use of outer space, and particularly the military use of space, from the beginning of the space age. This paper will look at two examples of where the melding of U.S. military and commercial space activities necessitates a reexamination of the applicable legal theories. Part I will examine the concept of self-defense in outer space, by considering the legality of the use of conventional military force to defend against "cyber-attack" on its commercial space assets. Part II will examine the concept of the use of outer space for "peaceful purposes" under international law, by focusing on the permissibility of military use of the International Space Station. As private commercial entities increasingly take their place aside State actors in outer space, understanding the impact of space commercialization on the law governing military-related activities in outer space becomes more-and-more important to policymakers, military planners, legal scholars and space law practitioners alike.
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Nygren, Niklas. "Bygga bort brott - Är det möjligt?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25050.
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Denna litteraturstudie undersöker möjligheten till att genom byggnadsmässigt brottspreventiva åtgärder minska kriminalitet. Studiens huvudsakliga frågeställning är (1) ”Går det bygga bort brott?”, därefter (2) vilken åtgärd som visat sig mest effektiv. Studien undersöker även vilka åtgärder som rekommenderas i Sverige och varför. Resultaten visar olika forskares övertygelse på att byggnadsmässiga åtgärder fungerar. Den åtgärd som dels rekommenderas och även visat sig mest effektiv är att öka visibiliteten i bostadsområden. Inom områden ökad visibilitet ryms ett flertal olika åtgärder som gynnar visibiliteten, men det är begreppet ökad visibilitet som ses som den enskilt mest effektiva åtgärden. Ökad visibilitet genom att exempelvis ta bort skymmande buskage och murar leder till dels en större medvetenhet om vilka som rör sig i området och vilka som bör röra sig i området. Man lär sig vilka som är ens grannar och på så sätt ökas också den sociala kontrollen. Avslutningsvis förs en kortare diskussion om möjligheten att tillämpa byggnadsmässigt brottspreventiva åtgärder som social brottsprevention.
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Glenn, Tom, Tomas Chavez, Michael T. Toole, and Jack Markwardt. "TRANSPORTABLE RANGE AUGMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR MULTIPLE SHOT ENGAGEMENTS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608396.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) is developing new Theater Missile Defense (TMD) weapon systems to defend against the rapidly expanding ballistic missile threat. The tactical ballistic missile threats include systems with range capabilities greater than 1000 kilometers. The development and testing of systems such as the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3), the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), Navy Area Defense, and the System Integration Tests (SIT) to address the interoperability of this family of systems, will require the development of the Transportable Range Augmentation and Control System for Multiple Shot Engagements (TRACS - MSE). Congress has mandated that these systems be tested in multiple simultaneous engagements. These systems will be tested at several ranges to meet all the developmental and operational testers' needs. Potential range locations include White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR), the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) and the Gulf Range at Eglin Air Force Base. Due to the long distances separating the target launch site and the interceptor site, the TRACS - MSE will be required at multiple sites for each range used. To be cost effective, transportable systems should be developed to augment existing capabilities. Advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and high data rate receivers make telemetry based solutions attractive. This article will address the requirements for range safety, for Time, Space, Position Information (TSPI) collection and processing requirements to support a TRACS - MSE capability.
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Nackley, Brittany B. "Temporal Dynamics of the Defense Cascade." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99987.
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Understanding physiological responses to threat can inform therapeutic interventions for phobias, anxieties, and PTSD. The defense cascade is reviewed as a theoretical model that predicts behavioral and physiological responses to threats. Nineteen undergraduates (five male), average age 19.4 experienced a novel virtual reality (VR) threat scenario while their physiology was measured. The Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) was used as a self-report indicator of distress in the research setting. Averaged SUDS reports suggested that the VR stimulus was experienced as threatening for most participants, but their autonomic response patterns did not fit those predicted by the defense cascade. Participants who had scored high on adaptive response questionnaires tended to show uncoupled ANS activation during baseline, but varied across the stimulus condition. Nearly all participants showed either coactivation or reciprocal activation during the stimulus period except those reporting the most dissociative trauma experiences, who mostly showed uncoupled ANS activation.M.S.
The more we understand about how people’s bodies and their energies act when they feel threatened, the better we can find help for folks who struggle with anxiety, trauma or other challenging conditions. This research uses a theoretical model called the defense cascade to explore how people respond mentally and physically to threatening situations. Nineteen undergraduates went through a virtual reality (VR) experience that was designed to feel threatening while their body and its energy systems were measured. A scale was introduced called the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) and was used to help the researchers understand how distressed people felt while they were in the VR experience. Averaged SUDS reports suggested that the VR stimulus was experienced as threatening for most participants, but their body response patterns did not fit those predicted by the defense cascade. Participants whose questionnaire responses suggested they were not anxiety-prone or traumatized, tended to show bodily activation that uncoupled their two autonomic bodily systems during a baseline period before the threatening stimulus. However, their autonomic responses during the stimulus period varied. Nearly all participants showed either both autonomic systems acting together or only one system acting in a mutually exclusive way to the other system during the stimulus period. This was the case for most participants except those reporting the most trauma involving dissociative experiences. This latter group mostly showed uncoupled autonomic bodily patterns.
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DeBoy, Christopher C., Paul D. Schwartz, and Richard K. Huebschman. "Midcourse Space Experiment Spacecraft and Ground Segment Telemetry Design and Implementation." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608390.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper reviews the performance requirements that provided the baseline for development of the onboard data system, RF transmission system, and ground segment receiving system of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) spacecraft. The onboard Command and Data Handling (C&DH) System was designed to support the high data outputs of the three imaging sensor systems onboard the spacecraft and the requirement for large volumes of data storage. Because of the high data rates, it was necessary to construct a dedicated X-band ground receiver system at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and implement a tape recorder system for recording and downlinking sensor and spacecraft data. The system uses two onboard tape recorders to provide redundancy and backup capabilities. The storage capability of each tape recorder is 54 gigabits. The MSX C&DH System can record data at 25 Mbps or 5 Mbps. To meet the redundancy requirements of the high-priority experiments, the data can also be recorded in parallel on both tape recorders. To provide longer onboard recording, the data can also be recorded serially on the two recorders. The reproduce (playback) mode is at 25 Mbps. A unique requirement of the C&DH System is to multiplex and commutate the different output rates of the sensors and housekeeping signals into a common data stream for recording. The system also supports 1-Mbps real-time sensor data and 16-kbps real-time housekeeping data transmission to the dedicated ground site and through the U.S. Air Force Satellite Control Network ground stations. The primary ground receiving site for the telemetry is the MSX Tracking System (MTS) at APL. A dedicated 10-m X-band antenna is used to track the satellite during overhead passes and acquire the 25-Mbps telemetry downlinks, along with the 1-Mbps and 16-kbps real-time transmissions. This paper discusses some of the key technology trade-offs that were made in the design of the system to meet requirements for reliability, performance, and development schedule. It also presents some of the lessons learned during development and the impact these lessons will have on development of future systems.
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Bandy, Leigh M. "A case study of the contract closeout process at Defense Contract Management Command Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA354048.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998."June 1998." Thesis advisor(s): David A. Smith, David V. Lamm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-121). Also available online.
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Keller, Isaac. "Public Housing: Revisiting Housing for the Masses." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin161710891169819.
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SILVA, RITA EMILIA ALVES DA. "SOCIAL WORK IN THE BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE: THE NATIONAL DEFENSE POLICY AND THE NEW REQUISITIONS FOR THE PROFESSION IN THE MILITARY SPACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35841@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Esta pesquisa versa sobre as novas requisições postas aos assistentes sociais da Aeronáutica, abordando, particularmente, os impactos para o serviço social, ao considerar a relação entre as transformações que vem sendo efetivadas no universo do trabalho dos militares e as políticas de defesa nacional, aprovadas nos anos 2000. Buscou dar visibilidade às respostas, construídas pela profissão, a partir de um ponto ainda não analisado, que se relaciona à atuação dos assistentes sociais nas missões operacionais das Forças Armadas. O trabalho partiu de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as atuais políticas de defesa nacional e, em especial, daquelas de caráter subsidiário, bem como do exame das principais normas técnicas que regulamentam a atuação profissional. Para viabilizar tal estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo, visando analisar o trabalho profissional dos assistentes sociais e as requisições do campo operacional. Dessa forma, recorreu-se a três eixos, a saber: Trabalhadores militares e os desafios do campo operacional subsidiário; Missões Subsidiárias: o olhar do Serviço Social e a construção do seu lugar; Serviço Social e a legitimação do espaço socio-ocupacional nas missões da Força Aérea Brasileira, envolvendo organizações militares do Comando da Aeronáutica nas áreas de assistência social, saúde, controle do espaço aéreo, logística operacional e aviação, de todo o país. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o cenário de intensas transformações e novas requisições para a profissão, na Aeronáutica, é acompanhado por uma condição de trabalho, na maioria dos casos, marcada pelo caráter de instabilidade no serviço militar. Outro ponto sinalizado centra-se nos impactos para a profissão, oriundos, de um lado, pelas transformações em curso no mundo do trabalho e, de outro, das novas requisições que acompanham as atuais políticas de defesa nacional. Os resultados da pesquisa também indicam o caráter pontual e fragmentado das ações do serviço social no âmbito das missões subsidiárias. Tal questão é justificada pela própria lógica normativa, a qual prevê a transitoriedade nas operações militares dessa natureza, tendo em vista não ser essa a missão constitucional das Forças Armadas. A partir dos dados levantados, esta tese defende a necessidade de conhecimento, por parte da profissão, sobre as políticas de defesa nacional e, em particular, do emprego atual das missões subsidiárias, ao considerar que a invisibilidade desta área dificulta investimentos em estudos sobre o espaço socio-ocupacional das Forças Armadas, além de manter a distância entre as ações e possibilidades deste campo com o projeto ético-político do Serviço Social.
This research deals with the new requests made to Aeronautics social workers. Addressing, in particular, the impacts to the social work, considering the relationship between the transformations that have been made in the universe of military work and defense policies of Brazil, approved in the 2000s. It sought to give visibility to the answers, built by the profession, from a point not yet analyzed, which is related to the work of social workers in the operational missions of the Armed Forces. The work started with a bibliographical review on the current national defense policies, and especially those of a subsidiary nature, as well as the examination of the main technical norms that regulate the professional performance. To make this study viable, a qualitative research was carried out, aiming to analyze the professional work of social workers and the requisitions of the operational field. In this way, three axes were used, namely: Military workers and the challenges of the subsidiary operational field; Subsidiary Missions: the look of Social Service and the construction of its place; Social Service and the legitimation of the socio-occupational space in the missions of the Brazilian Air Force, involving military organizations of the Aeronautics Command in the areas of social assistance, health, airspace control, operational logistics and aviation, throughout the country. The results of the research demonstrate that the scenario of intense transformations and new requisitions for the profession, in the Aeronautics, is accompanied by a work condition, in most cases, marked by the instability character in the military service. Another signaled point focuses on the impacts to the profession, originating, on the one hand, by the ongoing transformations in the world of work and, on the other hand, the new requisitions that accompany current national defense policies. The results of the research also indicate the punctual and fragmented nature of social work actions within the scope of subsidiary missions. This issue is justified by the normative logic itself, which provides for transitoriness in military operations of this nature, since this is not the constitutional mission of the Armed Forces. Based on the data collected, this thesis argues the need for the profession to know about national defense policies and, in particular, the current use of subsidiary missions, considering that the invisibility of this area makes it difficult to invest in studies on the socio-occupational space of the Armed Forces, besides maintaining the distance between the actions and possibilities of this field with the ethical-political project of the Social Work.
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Jones, Christopher, Alix Rogstad, Stephen Campbell, David Peters, Dustie Aylor, Clifford Pearlberg, Judith Wood, Wendell Peacock, and Arthur Elek. "Living with Wildfire: Homeowners' Firewise Guide for Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146953.
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20 pp.Arizona Firewise Communities
This publication is an update and adaptation of the widely distributed Living with Fire publication created by the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension and Sierra Front Wildfire Cooperators in 1998. It is an interagency collaboration of the Arizona Firewise subcommittee of the Arizona Interagency Coordinating Group. It involved the combined efforts of the Arizona State Land Department, USDI Bureau of Indian Affairs, USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDI National Park Service, USDA Forest Service, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, University of Arizona Cooperative Extension and Arizona Fire Chiefs Association. The need to revise the over seven-year old publication emerged from the subcommittees vision of building in concepts such as Firewise Zone Landscaping and Survivable Space, as well as to update the documents appearance and organization. Its purpose to provide a quality outreach tool to increase public aware concerning Firewise concepts and to encourage and facilitate the implementation of Firewise practices by communities, neighborhoods and property owners. Living with Wildfire is a twelve-page color tabloid that addresses the following topic areas important to homeowners: current situation; fire behavior and the human environment, and in various Arizona vegetation types; detailed recommendations for creating survivable space, including a checklist and landscape management zones; frequently asked questions; and emergency and evacuation guidelines. The tabloid is to be printed in bulk by federal partners and made widely available throughout the state over the next several years.
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Tharanath, Anu Russell A. "An examination of the relationship between undergraduate residence-hall architecture and student sense of community using Oscar Newman's defensible space principles as a conceptual framework." Kansas State University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36083.
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Ryd, Ebba, and Emilia Jurzyk. "Den fysiska planeringens betydelse för trygghet och säkerhet på offentliga platser : En fallstudie på Göteborgs Centralstation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21550.
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Den fysiska planeringen och utformningen av en plats påverkar hur den upplevs av besökaren. Att känna sig trygg i samhället är en demokratisk rättighet och en förutsättning för att kunna vara en aktiv individ, nyttja samhällets olika funktioner och kunna delta i olika aktiviteter. Utmaningen med att planera för trygga och säkra miljöer är att trygghet är en subjektiv känsla som innebär den individuella bedömningen av sin egna säkerhet. En säker plats betyder att brottsligheten är låg och risken för att bli utsatt för brott är liten. Trygghet och säkerhet är två begrepp som har en påtaglig skillnad då en säker plats inte nödvändigtvis behöver upplevas som trygg. Kandidatuppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur säkerhet och upplevd trygghet på offentliga platser påverkas av den fysiska utformningen. Studien undersöker även om det finns något samband mellan upplevd trygghet och den faktiska säkerheten. En fallstudie har genomförts på Göteborgs centralstation där stationens fysiska aspekter, den upplevda tryggheten på platsen och dess faktiska säkerhet har undersökts. Studien använde sig av metoden textanalys samt observationer baserade på teorin Defensible space. Teorin innehåller metoden CPTED, vilket är en metod baserad på principer i den fysiska miljön som bidrar till säkra och trygga miljöer. Metoderna kompletteras med intervjuer i syfte att få ett perspektiv på hur människor upplever Göteborgs centralstation i ett trygghetsperspektiv. Resultaten från studien har sedan ställts mot brottsstatistiken för Göteborgs centralstation, för att ser hur ett samband mellan upplevd trygghet i den fysiska miljön och säkerhet på en offentlig plats ser ut. Fallstudien har lett fram till slutsatsen att fysisk planering och utformning av offentliga platser kan påverka den upplevda tryggheten. Platsens utformning och dess koppling till den faktiska säkerheten kan däremot inte fastställas. Säkerhet är ett komplext begrepp som påverkas av flera olika faktorer, inte bara fysisk planering. Studien visar att CPTED- principerna implementeras på Göteborgs centralstation i olika utsträckning på olika delar av stationsområdet. Kandidatuppsatsen avslutas med en diskussion gällande brottsprevention som planeringsideal och vikten av planerarens roll i utformningen av trygga miljöer på offentliga platser.
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Fillmore, Brett E. "An analysis of selected Department of Defense reprocurement programs for acquisition of legacy system spare parts via small manufacturers." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342244.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Kenneth J. Euske, Alan W. McMasters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67). Also available online.
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Fallatah, Basem Abdullrahman. "Systems Approach: Concept Proposal to Develop Saudi Arabia Low-Complexity-Defense-Spare-Parts Manufacturing Industries, Utilizing Technology Transfer and Business Incubator." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1544620225738681.
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Borg, Lovisa, and Jessica Bäckman. "Brottsförebyggande åtgärder i den fysiska planeringen och trygghet i staden -En jämförande studie mellan Vallastaden och Skäggetorp." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83431.
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Studien syftar till att undersöka brottsförebyggande åtgärder i den fysiska planeringen, för att skapa ett tryggare samhälle. Huvudfokus har varit att utföra en jämförande studie av stadsdelarna Vallastaden och Skäggetorp i Linköping. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur dessa skiljer sig åt utifrån de teoretiska utgångspunkter studien behandlar gällande brottsförebyggande planering. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som behandlas i studien är valda utifrån dess lämplighet för uppsatsens syfte, därmed läggs fokus på teorier och begrepp som behandlar brottsförebyggande åtgärder i den fysiska planeringen i relation till trygghet. Bland annat används CPTED, Defensible space och Broken Windows, där inflytelserika författare är Oscar Newman, C. Ray Jeffrey, James Q. Wilsson, och George L. Kelling. Ytterligare teoretiska utgångspunkter som studien behandlar är trottoarer/gators upplevda trygghet, kameraövervakning, kvinnors upplevda trygghet och brottsförebyggande planering, där Jane Jacobs, Boverket, Carina Listerborn och BRÅ bland annat är ledande författare. För att undersöka studiens syfte har tidigare teoretiska utgångspunkter använts och även utförda observationer i respektive stadsdelar. För att vidare erhålla ytterligare empiri har en intervju med en kommunpolis i Linköping ägt rum. Detta för att få en ökad förståelse för hur polisen arbetar kring brottsförebyggande åtgärder och hur de samarbetar med andra aktörer för att skapa en minskad brottslighet och ökad trygghet i samhället. Studiens empiriska material bestående av observationer och intervju har sammanställts och därefter har en analys genomförts för att få svar på syfte och frågeställningar som studien behandlar. Resultatet av studien visar att den upplevda tryggheten påverkas av städers fysiska form, och att detta i sin tur har betydelse för brottsligheten i samhället. En god placering och utformning av bland annat byggnader, parker, centrumfunktioner och gång- och cykelvägar är en förutsättning för att en informell övervakning överhuvudtaget ska kunna ske. Detta bidrar i sin tur till ett konstant rörelseflöde av människor, vilket kan minska brottslighet. Det framkommer även att det inte är en enkel uppgift där endast en ensam aktör bär ansvaret, utan det krävs att ett flertal aktörer samverkar för att öka tryggheten och minska brottsligheten.
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Uppenkamp, Daniel Alan. "Two Fundamental Building Blocks to Provide Quick Reaction Capabilities for the Department of Defense." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1367247524.
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Pinkerton, Kim Gregory. "A comparison of alternative methods of obtaining Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) cognizance spare parts for Contractor Furnished Equipment (CFE) during initial outfitting of U.S. Navy ships." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26416.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis is a limited determination of the most cost effective method of acquiring Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) cognizance initial outfitting material for new construction ships. The study is restricted to Contractor Furnished Material (CFM) required to support Contractor Furnished Equipment (CFE) contained in the Hull, Mechanical, Electrical, Ordnance and Electronics (HMEO&E) Coordinated Shipboard Allowance List (COSAL). Three alternative methods of procuring the material are analyzed for cost effectiveness: (1) the shipbuilder procures the material commercially, (2) the shipbuilder is allowed access to the Federal Supply System (FSS) and requisitions the material, (3) the Naval Supervising Agency (NSA) requisitions the material from the FSS in which case it becomes Government Furnished Material (GFM). Material availability using each of the alternatives is also examined.
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Amlinger, Lina. "The type I-E CRISPR-Cas system : Biology and applications of an adaptive immune system in bacteria." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312234.
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CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea, consisting of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) array and CRISPR associated (Cas) proteins. In this work, the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system of Escherichia coli was studied. CRISPR-Cas immunity is divided into three stages. In the first stage, adaptation, Cas1 and Cas2 store memory of invaders in the CRISPR array as short intervening sequences, called spacers. During the expression stage, the array is transcribed, and subsequently processed into small CRISPR RNAs (crRNA), each consisting of one spacer and one repeat. The crRNAs are bound by the Cascade multi-protein complex. During the interference step, Cascade searches for DNA molecules complementary to the crRNA spacer. When a match is found, the target DNA is degraded by the recruited Cas3 nuclease. Host factors required for integration of new spacers into the CRISPR array were first investigated. Deleting recD, involved in DNA repair, abolished memory formation by reducing the concentration of the Cas1-Cas2 expression plasmid, leading to decreased amounts of Cas1 to levels likely insufficient for spacer integration. Deletion of RecD has an indirect effect on adaptation. To facilitate detection of adaptation, a sensitive fluorescent reporter was developed where an out-of-frame yfp reporter gene is moved into frame when a new spacer is integrated, enabling fluorescent detection of adaptation. Integration can be detected in single cells by a variety of fluorescence-based methods. A second aspect of this thesis aimed at investigating spacer elements affecting target interference. Spacers with predicted secondary structures in the crRNA impaired the ability of the CRISPR-Cas system to prevent transformation of targeted plasmids. Lastly, in absence of Cas3, Cascade was successfully used to inhibit transcription of specific genes by preventing RNA polymerase access to the promoter. The CRISPR-Cas field has seen rapid development since the first demonstration of immunity almost ten years ago. However, much research remains to fully understand these interesting adaptive immune systems and the research presented here increases our understanding of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system.
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Barrett, Harald, and Friis Kim Bengtsson. "TRYGGHETSBILDEN I MALMÖS DELOMRÅDEN - Fokus på Annelund och Södervärn." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25820.
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Denna uppsats innehåller en uppföljningsstudie av Malmö Områdesundersökning 2012 (MOMS) med ett närmare fokus på delområdena Annelund och Södervärn. I dessa delområden konstaterades att övervägande del respondenter är trygga eller delvis trygga i sitt bostadsområde trots flera omständigheter som korrelerar med hög otrygghet. I uppsatsen har vi eftersträvat att kvalitativt undersöka bakomliggande mekanismer till respondenternas övervägande trygghet i form utav observationsstudier och intervjuer med nyckelinformanter.Uppsatsen innehåller en utförlig beskrivning av fenomenet "trygghet" och en genomgång av forskningsläget kring faktorer som påverkar tryggheten på olika sätt.Resultaten visar att den övervägande tryggheten i delområdena kan bero på att Annelund och Södervärn är belägna i närheten till olika mötesplatser där invånare träffas och får möjlighet att etablera gemensamt definierade informella regler och accepterat beteende. Delområdena har av olika anledningar genomströmningar av människor som naturligt övervakar områdenas gator och platser och i bostadshusens fysiska struktur fann vi goda möjligheter för invånarna att övervaka sin omedelbara bostadsmiljö. Vi konstaterade att Annelund har tydligare gränsdragningar mellan invånarnas privata utrymmen än i Södervärn, men att känslan av tillhörighet till sitt bostadsområde var starkare i Södervärn med kringliggande delområden. Delområdenas belysning gav övervakningsmöjligheter på gångstråk, runt bostadshus, promenadstigar med mera, även i mörker. De personer som upplever sig mest trygga är de som har bott länge i bostadsområdet och i närliggande områden finns det platser där ungdomar kan spendera sin fritid, vilket haft positiv betydelse för trygghetsbilden i respektive område.This paper is a follow-up study of the 2012 Malmö Neighbourhood Survey (Malmö Områdesundersökning 2012), focusing more closely on the districts Annelund and Södervärn. The respondents of these districts reported in Malmö Neighbourhood Survey that they felt predominantly safe or partly safe in their neighbourhood, despite several conditions that correlate with high fear of crime. In this paper we have aimed to qualitatively study, with observation studies and interviews with key informants, underlying mechanisms that explains the respondents predominant neighbourhood safety.The paper contains a detailed description of the phenomenon "fear of crime" and a review of factors that through research have been proven to affect the level of fear of crime.The results in this study shows that the predominant safety in Annelund and Södervärn is due to the districts presence to meeting-points, where residents are given the opportunity to establish commonly defined informal rules of conduct and acceptable behaviour. The districts have by different reasons a vivid throughflow of people that naturally surveil the districts streets and places and we found good opportunities for the residents to naturally surveil their immediate housing environment owing to the residential buildings physical structure. We concluded that Annelund has more visible delineations between the residents private areas and the public areas, but the residents feeling of belonging to their neighbourhood were stronger in Södervärn and it's surrounding districts. The districts lighting gave good surveillance opportunities, daytime and night-time, on walking paths, around residential buildings and alike. The residents that experienced the least fear of crime (or highest levels of safety) had lived in the neighbourhood for a long time and in the nearest area we found community youth centers, which have positively affected Annelund and Södervärns neighbourhood safety.
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Fife, Kurt D. "U.S. Military in Communication with China: The Role of Chinese Language TrainingPrograms in Shaping Future Capabilities." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499972338160556.
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Berrios-Ayala, Mark. "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1547.
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Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of
human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Liu, Yun-Ching, and 劉雲青. "A Defensive Strategy Combined with Threat-Space Search for Connect6." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j935uq.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
資訊工程研究所
97
Abstract The study of k-in-a-row games has produced a number of interesting results,and one of its sub-category Connect6 proposed in 2005 has been of particular interest. Since 2006, Connect6 has been included as one of the major com- petition in the ICGA Computer Olympiad, and is gaining more popularity every year. In this thesis, we briefly review current methods applied in Connect6 and related results. A defensive strategy is introduced along with a more strategically sensitive evaluation scheme. Threat-space search is an important algorithm applied in Connect6, some techniques for gaining more efficiency and accuracy will be introduced. The integration of the defensive strategy and threat-space search will also be investigated. The combination of the defensive strategy and threat-space search is proved to be effective, and is able to compete with other top Connect6 programs. The program Kagami, which was implemented with these methods, won the fourth place in the 14th Computer Olympiads.
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Chou, Chi, and 周起. "” The defensive psychological space”- The Discussion of Mixed Media Creation by Chou Qi." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45rsmd.
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碩士華梵大學
美術學系碩士班
101
The mind is the thought matrix of the subjective inner world. Not only does it record our thoughts, emotions, feelings, and behaviors in everyday life, it supports our personal consciousness, as well as the embodiment of artistic creativity. Art creations are a spiritual manifestation of self-reconcile. The creator’s thoughts and mind are on full display in their works, and these works contribute to the creator’s self-awareness and growth. This dissertation examines the psychoanalytic theory of defense mechanisms and how it is introduced to create an even more realistic consciousness called the “defensive psychological space,” a positive psychological construct the author builds as a way to engage in and defend against various challenges and crises in life. This dissertation is based on three research methods. (1) The Historical Research Method examines the academic principles and purposes of creation of art works through historical research. The three historical eras of art — initial , intermediate and present — will be studied to understand the original creation technique derived from this method. (2) The Reconstructive Method involves collecting, analyzing and copying art works that inspire the author to explore the fundamental elements that led to such creations. A database of the elements will be established to assist the author in creating his own art symbols. (3) The Qualitative Thinking Method investigates the structure of art works through quality thinking. The author will use this method in his own works through repeated adjustments, amendments, and revisions. Chapter 1 of the dissertation explores the motivation, purpose, scope, and definition of this research. Chapter 2 discusses the academic groundings of artistic creations that stem from defense mechanisms through psychological, cultural and artistic standpoints. Chapter 3 examines real-life experiences borne from the defensive psychological space. Chapter 4 analyzes artistic creations and art representation styles, and the underlying techniques. Lastly, Chapter 5 offers a conclusion and an outlook on art creativity. The main characteristic of the artistic creation method based on the defensive psychological space is the enablement of a spiritual self-reflection through misplacing, combining, overlapping, penetrating, and segmenting the numerous multi-faceted and representative symbols examined. Create artworks through this spiritual self-reflection, the author in turn materializes what were seen, dreamt or felt during the research period, as well as other real-life experiences, on the canvas.
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蔣瓊徽. "A Discussion on the Defensive System of Space Created by Popular Faith within the P''eng-Hu Settlement." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19398681164397129790.
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碩士中原大學
建築學系
85
The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate that by way of performing rituals and using man made object, how beliefs of popular faith in the P''eng-Hu settlements may help omit bad element that upset one''s living order. The investigation is principally through reviewing reference literature, collecting background information and conversing with local resident. It is intended to form a complete picture of the numerous types, origins and spatial distributions of the defensive system of the settlement. By elaborating upon the functions, quantities, position, symbolism and ritual performances of the different types of defensive systems, this thesis is sub-divided into 7 chapters as in the following: Chapter 1 Introduction Initiative drive and aim of investigation, procedures, target candidate and area, and reference literature. Chapter 2 Popular faith and defensive system in P''eng-Hu Describing the special popular faith and beliefs of P''eng-Hu residents. Discussion the secular cult, religious organization, temples and representatives of these schools of thoughts respectively. Defining the essence of defensive system of space. Chapter 3 Ying-tour Explaining the defensive procedure of ying-tour and spatial representation in the settlement. Comparing the difference in quantity, name and beliefs among the various settlements. Chapter 4 Earth-God''s temple and general''s temple According to different needs and expectations the earth-god''s temple of each settlement is given individual form and function. The general''s temples a speciality of P''eng-Hu popular faith. This chapter discusses the importance of both types of architecture. Chapter S Stone Tower The form and construction of stone towers are various and complex in P''eng-Hu. This chapter explains the symbolic meanings of the spatial relationship between the stone tower and the settlement in which the tower is positioned. Chapter 6 Stone Tablet Explaining how the stone tablet in a settlement may contribute to its defensive system. Chapter 7 Conclusion Summarising the formation, representation and spatial vealisation of the defensive system. Presenting a possible direction for further research when necessary.
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Banks, Daniel. "Improving public housing through applications of defensible space." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/banks%5Fdaniel%5Fw%5F200605%5Fmla.
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Chang, Shu-i., and 張樹義. "A Defensible Space Theory on the Function Construction of the Community Safety System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19208415445458018589.
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碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
93
The defensible space theory was demonstrated by Newman in 1972. In his opinion, the effects of crime prevention and community consolidation can be improved by environment redesign, building security protection, and the re-arrangement of community space. These projects will successful to decrease the crime activities. First, on the purpose, the study will review the relevant literatures, and understanding the relations between the crimes and the defensible space of community. Second, the researcher will find the crime prevention influence of the community experiences in Kaohsiung city by questionnaire survey. Finally, the researcher explores the survey results and makes the useful suggestions and strategies for the government authority.
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Chang, Shu-I., and 張樹義. "A Defensible Space Theory on the Function Construction of the Community Safety System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04804399554845875530.
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碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
93
The defensible space theory was demonstrated by Newman in 1972. In his opinion, the effects of crime prevention and community consolidation can be improved by environment redesign, building security protection, and the re-arrangement of community space. These projects will successful to decrease the crime activities. First, on the purpose, the study will review the relevant literatures, and understanding the relations between the crimes and the defensible space of community. Second, the researcher will find the crime prevention influence of the community experiences in Kaohsiung city by questionnaire survey. Finally, the researcher explores the survey results and makes the useful suggestions and strategies for the government authority.
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Teran, Mario. "An Analysis of Defensible Space and Crime Prevention Through Design in Crime Hotspots of Select Boston Neighborhoods." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/726.
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There is a lack of emphasis in the planning world, both academically and in the field, on preventing crime. Defensible Space and Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) has been the two main approaches taken by planners and criminal justice officials that is design-based and that has brought some level of collaboration between the two professions. This study will analyze the built environment of select crime hotspots in the city of Boston from a design-based crime prevention perspective in order to draw correlations between high crime areas and elements of design-based theories.
Using GIS, a kernel density analysis is conducted in 8 of the 13 neighborhoods in the city of Boston. Pictures taken during field observations of the hotspots are used to compare strong and weak examples of design-based crime prevention theories. A CPTED matrix is also used to provide a weighted score to Roxbury, a neighborhood that ranks high in both property and violent crime. Overall, the kernel density results reveal that the hotspots in Roxbury tend to be higher in quantity but less dense and smaller in size than other Boston neighborhoods. This study reveals that for poorer neighborhoods the condition of land uses seems to be a more prevalent factor of the physical environment than the land-use mix that are exhibited in middle and upper class sections of the city. Urban planners play a key role in bringing together and maintaining land uses that will be less conducive to crime given a neighborhood’s or greater geographic area’s history and current socioeconomic and crime context.
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Chen, Chang-Lin, and 陳昶霖. "Situations and Vandalisms: Using Defensible Space Theory to Analyze the Situational Factors of Vandalism on Picnic Table." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12924415407766849027.
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碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業研究所
96
Past studies of vandalisms seem more focus on visitors’ internal factors, such as environmental attitudes and their motivations of vandalisms. Comparatively, few literatures are available which study the external factors, such as the designs and management intensity of recreation areas as well as situational factors of vandalism and environment cues. However, for recreation institutions, it should be much easier to change the designs and managements intensity of their recreation areas than to enhance visitors’ environmental attitudes and/or social responsibility. The primary data of this study was gathered using an experimental design and 5 qualitative in-depth interviews. Three hundreds and fifty nine wood-made picnic tables of four campgrounds in northern Taiwan were the objects of this study. The objective was to analyze which situational factors might cause new carvings on the picnic tables. The 10 situational factors were designed according to the Defensible Space Theory, which combined by territoriality, natural surveillance, image and milieu. The analysis consisted of standard statistical summary, T-test, Pearson’s Chi-square Test, ANOVA and a multi-regression analysis. Five additional qualitative interviews with the managers of campgrounds were conducted in order to further our understanding of the subject and help to explain the findings of this research. The results suggest that an effective approach to eliminate vandalism might be to create an environment that is less suitable towards vandalism. Recreation areas should be well-designed, which include providing enough formal and natural surveillance, as suitably set ranger centers and closer distance from the trail, enhance frequency of use. The occurrence of new curving on tables was significantly related to the presence of previous carving, suggest management should as well as quickly repair damaged equipments.
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He, Jeng-Guang, and 何正光. "CCTV design& managent from the perspective of the Defensible Space Theory- A case study of Taipei City." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76684994714217751614.
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碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
97
Ever since the National Police Agency, Ministry of The Interior started implementing the community safeguard program, all government branches and police offices began integrating community resources, promoting the importance of public security, and establishing a community security system. The next milestone in the program is to construct a nationwide Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). It is clear, the CCTV will play a crucial role in the community safeguard program. Thus, how the CCTV should be constructed, so that it can continuously aid the investigative efforts as policing methodologies keep evolving becomes an important topic to address. This study investigated four aspects pertaining to the CCTV currently deployed in the city of Taipei: 1) the overall perception for the CCTV; 2) integrating the CCTV with defensible space practices; 3) influences of the CCTV on privacy; and 4) management for CCTV camera placements. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data for analyses, and the sample population included all staffs at the Department of Civil Affairs, Taipei City Government & Taipei City Police Department (including the head and the director of the CCTV service division), heads of all Taipei City subdivisions, staffs of all Taipei City precincts, and citizens of the Taipei City. A total of 894 questionnaires were sent out, and 607 valid questionnaires, or 67.90 percents of total questionnaires, were collected. SPSS 12.0 (for windows) was used to conduct statistical analyses, and the primary statistical analyses performed include: frequency distribution, factor analysis, T test, one-factor analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The study revealed that: 1) respondents deemed that the CCTV will definitely improve security for the neighborhoods; 2) respondents are not totally satisfied with the crime-deterring effects of the CCTV; 3) the video resolution of the CCTV should be improved; 4) accessing policies for the CCTV tapes should be strictly reinforced, and respondents from safe neighborhoods are more satisfied with the tape accessing policies; 5) respondents hold positive viewpoints toward informal surveillance; 6) respondents feel comfortable that public areas are under surveillance for the purpose of public safety; 7) the CCTV does not violate privacy; 8) respondents perceive that it will make a positive contribution to public safety if the government constructs a nationwide CCTV; 9) respondents perceive that it is very important to enforce well thought out management policies for the CCTV; 10) respondents hold positive viewpoints toward replacing the CCTV with other safety improvement mechanisms; 11) respondents perceive that the camera placements should be more effect-driven; and 12) respondents do not agree that current CCTV can function reliably. Finally, the results from the regression equation of a well conceived CCTV indicate that the CCTV should possess the following qualities: 1) a high level of acceptance for camera placements; 2) a high degree of performance satisfaction; 3) a high quality of the tape resolution; 4) a positive image in the mind of citizens; 5) a positive perception and readiness for informal surveillance; 6) perceptions of effective crime prevention; 7) camera placement that is crime-deterring oriented; and 8) a high level of functional reliability. These findings can serve as references for constructing a CCTV that will effectively assist police forces in the future.