Relevant bibliographies by topics / Defensive space

Academic literature on the topic 'Defensive space'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Defensive space"

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Rezazadeh, Nasibeh, and Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi. "Architectural Green Spaces Design of Medical Centers with Passive Defense Approach." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 2 (October 18, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n2p69.

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Since medical centers, from the perspective of civil defense, are considered as centers of critical urban land, therefore, it is essential the criteria and defensive mechanisms to comply in design. One of these strategies would be taking advantage of the vegetation in a hospital. From this perspective, the use of vegetation in the hospital needs to scientific and expertise comments by the expert in the green space who is familiar with knowledge of passive defense. In this study, it is tried the principles of architectural green spaces design of medical centers to discuss from an architectural defensive approach and passive defense. For this purpose, using descriptive-analytic method and library research tool, the role of security in outer space of the medical centers are investigated, and in the end, a set of strategies for architectural design of green space for a therapeutic complex in order to reduce the vulnerability of human resources and improve security will be presented, by taking advantage of the fundamental concepts of passive defense. The present research achievements in the designing of green spaces for the medical centers will be useful in line with promoting passive defense purposes.
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He, Yanfeng, Chie-Peng Chen, Rung-Jiun Chou, Haifeng Luo, and Jing-Shoung Hou. "Exploring the Transformation in the ‘Spirit of Place’ by Considering the Changed and Unchanged Defensive Spaces of Settlements: A Case Study of the Wugoushui Hakka Settlement." Land 10, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050490.

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Over generations, economic development has accelerated traditional settlements in Taiwan while losing traditional culture. In Hakka villages, this is manifested in the changes in defensive spaces, the ‘spirit of place,’ and land use. Although some progress has been made through research into related issues, a correlated view has been missing. To explore the connection between the ‘spirit of place’ and defensive spaces in Wugoushui, a traditional representative settlement in Taiwan, this paper probes three questions: What are the changes in defensive spaces? What are the changes in the spirit of place? What are the connections between them? Taking the sixteen criteria of secure defensive space as the theoretical foundation, through more than a year of structured observations and in-depth interviews with ten representative residents, and based on context analysis and site analysis of the information collected, this paper has concluded that, although the actual functionality of Wugoushui settlement’s spiritual, behavioural, and physical defences have disappeared, cultural characteristics related to the settlement traditions, including religious beliefs, trust, sense of belonging, street network, nodes, institutions, territory, and social networks, constitute a concrete manifestation of the defensive space and the spirit of place as of today. This research contributes to developing a theory of the relevance of the spirit of place to the defensive space of settlements from a sustainability perspective and improving the cultural preservation and land management of traditional settlements.
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Bufacchi, R. J. "Approaching threatening stimuli cause an expansion of defensive peripersonal space." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 1927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00316.2017.

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When sudden environmental stimuli signaling threat occur in the portion of space surrounding the body (defensive peripersonal space), defensive responses are enhanced. Recently Bisio et al. (Bisio A, Garbarini F, Biggio M, Fossataro C, Ruggeri P, Bove M. J Neurosci 37: 2415–2424, 2017) showed that a marker of defensive peripersonal space, the defensive hand-blink reflex, is modulated by the motion of the eliciting threatening stimulus. These results can be parsimoniously explained by the continuous monitoring of environmental threats, resulting in an expansion of defensive peripersonal space when threatening stimuli approach.
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Bufacchi, R. J., M. Liang, L. D. Griffin, and G. D. Iannetti. "A geometric model of defensive peripersonal space." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00691.2015.

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Potentially harmful stimuli occurring within the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS), a protective area surrounding the body, elicit stronger defensive reactions. The spatial features of the DPPS are poorly defined and limited to descriptive estimates of its extent along a single dimension. Here we postulated a family of geometric models of the DPPS, to address two important questions with respect to its spatial features: What is its fine-grained topography? How does the nervous system represent the body area to be defended? As a measure of the DPPS, we used the strength of the defensive blink reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of the hand (hand-blink reflex, HBR), which is reliably modulated by the position of the stimulated hand in egocentric coordinates. We tested the goodness of fit of the postulated models to HBR data from six experiments in which we systematically explored the HBR modulation by hand position in both head-centered and body-centered coordinates. The best-fitting model indicated that 1) the nervous system's representation of the body area defended by the HBR can be approximated by a half-ellipsoid centered on the face and 2) the DPPS extending from this area has the shape of a bubble elongated along the vertical axis. Finally, the empirical observation that the HBR is modulated by hand position in head-centered coordinates indicates that the DPPS is anchored to the face. The modeling approach described in this article can be generalized to describe the spatial modulation of any defensive response.
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Versace, Viviana, Stefania Campostrini, Luca Sebastianelli, Leopold Saltuari, and Markus Kofler. "Modulation of exteroceptive electromyographic responses in defensive peripersonal space." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00554.2018.

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The cutaneous silent period (CSP) to noxious finger stimulation constitutes a robust spinal inhibitory reflex that protects the hand from injury. In certain conditions, spinal inhibition is interrupted by a brief burst-like electromyographic activity, dividing the CSP into two inhibitory phases (I1 and I2). This excitatory component is termed long-loop reflex (LLR) and is presumed to be transcortical in origin. Efficient defense from environmental threats requires sensorimotor integration between multimodal sensory afferents and planning of defensive movements. In the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) immediately surrounding the body, we interact with objects and persons with increased alertness. We investigated whether CSP differs when the stimulated hand is in the DPPS of the face compared with a distant position. Furthermore, we investigated the possible role of vision in CSP modulation. Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent CSP testing with the handheld either within 5 cm from the nose (near) or away from the body (far). Recordings were obtained from first dorsal interosseous muscle following index (D2) or little finger (D5) stimulation with varying intensities. A subgroup of subjects underwent CSP recordings in near and far conditions, both with eyes open and with eyes closed. No inhibitory CSP parameter differed between stimulation in near and far conditions. LLRs occurring following D2 stimulation were significantly larger in near than far conditions at all stimulus intensities, irrespective of subjects seeing their hand. Similar to the hand-blink reflex, spinally organized protective reflexes may be modulated by corticospinal facilitatory input when the hand enters the DPPS of the face. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present findings demonstrate for the first time that a spinally organized protective reflex, the cutaneous silent period (CSP), may be modulated by top-down corticospinal facilitatory input when the stimulated hand enters the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) of the face. In particular, the cortically mediated excitatory long-loop reflex, which may interrupt the CSP, is facilitated when the stimulated hand is in the DPPS, irrespective of visual control over the hand. No spinal inhibitory CSP parameter differs significantly in or outside the DPPS.
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Graziano, Michael S. A., and Dylan F. Cooke. "Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior." Neuropsychologia 44, no. 6 (January 2006): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.009.

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Graziano, Michael S. A., and Dylan F. Cooke. "Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior." Neuropsychologia 44, no. 13 (2006): 2621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.011.

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Byrne, D. J., David Morgan, Kymie Tan, Bryan Johnson, and Chris Dorros. "Cyber Defense of Space-based Assets: Verifying and Validating Defensive Designs and Implementations." Procedia Computer Science 28 (2014): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.064.

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Smith, Naomi, and Peter Walters. "Desire lines and defensive architecture in modern urban environments." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (October 25, 2017): 2980–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017732690.

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Public space is being increasingly managed by defensive architecture, surveillance and other subtle filtering mechanisms to make it more palatable and attendant to the needs of capital. This reinforces social boundaries, making space inhospitable to those people whose presence is not welcome, and serves to ‘discipline’ city inhabitants into primarily consumption based modes of interacting with and in the city. However, disenfranchised urban populations still find ways to exist in and navigate these spaces. The purpose of this article is to highlight these ways by introducing the concept of ‘desire lines’ as a means of overcoming or re-imagining defensive space. We use Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of desire as productive force, combined with De Certeau’s notion of ‘walking the city’, to explore how individuals and social movements might practically, and in a metaphorical sense, create new collective paths, creating ‘desire lines’ of resistance and change within what is often an increasingly unforgiving and dominated urban environment, created by and for capital at the expense of a vibrant public realm.
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Binnington, Chris, and Alessio Russo. "Defensive landscape architecture in modern public spaces." Ri-Vista. Research for landscape architecture 19, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rv-11421.

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By 2030, we should have universal access to safe, inclusive, and accessible green and public places, especially for women and children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, according to the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the increasing privatisation of land and gentrification of the urban landscape is putting a limit on the amount of public space available for people to express themselves and use the city as they desire. This paper investigates and reviews the literature on defensive architecture, as well as its historical foundations, definitions, implementation, and reason for existence. The findings provide a clear reflection on the growing awareness of extreme defensive landscape architecture typologies such as spikes and other aggressive measures. Finally, the paper offers worldwide best-practice examples and recommendations for ensuring inclusion and safety in public spaces. We argue that in order to design sustainable public spaces, a holistic approach that considers both intangible values and social inclusion is required.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defensive space"

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Bufacchi, Rory John. "Understanding defensive peripersonal space through mathematical modelling." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10054520/.

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The spatial location of environmental events with respect to one’s body largely dictates their behavioural relevance. Given that stimuli occurring near the body have a greater potential to cause harm, even the phylogenetically-old defensive hand-blink reflex (HBR) increases in magnitude with stimulus proximity. The HBR has allowed for a preliminary characterisation of a defensive peripersonal space (DPPS). The work described here provides a full spatial characterization of DPPS using formal geometrical modelling of HBR data, and highlights the functional significance of DPPS through its dependence on various contextual factors. Modelling and empirical results indicate that (1) the shape of the body area defended by this DPPS can be approximated as a half-ellipsoid centred on the face. (2) The DPPS extending from this to-be-defended area has the shape of a bubble elongated along the vertical axis. (3) This DPPS is malleable: its shape is continuously updated based on gravitational cues. The DPPS also changes in disease: while blind individuals do also display a HBR, (4) the nervous system only develops the ability to modulate HBR magnitude if vision is present during early childhood. (6) In trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a condition in which innocuous trigeminal stimulation triggers paroxysmal unilateral facial pain, DPPS is larger on the side of space ipsilateral to TN. This reflects an increased estimated potential of sensory events to cause harm on that side of space. Finally, (7) DPPS expands when the HBR-eliciting stimulus is moving towards the face. These findings show that the brain purposefully modulates the defensive HBR with proximity in a context-dependent manner, in order to ensure optimal behavior and protection from estimated threats. At a more theoretical level this work also critically discusses ambiguities in the terminology used to report empirical results about peripersonal space, which have generated much confusion in the field.
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Ragnvaldsson, Frida. "Kan jag slå mig ner här? : En kvalitativ studie om tillgängligheten och användningen av det offentliga rummet i Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171674.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how hostile architecture affects the public space's purpose and function. The study aims to create an understanding of how the design of public space has an impact on how the rooms are used and of people's access to them. The study has a qualitative approach and is based on observations of three public and semi-public spaces in Umeå. The locations that have been observed are located in the centre of Umeå and they form an important part of the public spaces available in the city centre. The results have been analyzed according to theories concerning the creation and re-creation of public spaces as well as how and why hostile architecture occurs in cities. This report displays that there are factors that will affect the access people have to the public space. This does not only refer to intentionally created hostile architecture that specifically aims to exclude people from a certain space. The study's result shows that a lack of furnishing or furniture linked to a specific purpose can make it difficult to remain in a certain space. The result also shows that there is a municipal vision of creating open public rooms to create comfort and safety. Conclusively this report shows that this type of design also can generate a feeling of being watched, which for example may cause people in need of a place to sleep not to seek out these locations.
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Seabra, Fernando. "Identificação e análise de padrões de circulação de bola no futebol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39134/tde-18082010-090153/.

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A análise de jogo é uma área de recente história acadêmica na qual ainda predominam investigações de caráter exploratório, o que se pode observar na literatura pela grande variedade de abordagens adotadas. Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia fundamentada na representação do status da relação de oposição entre as equipes para o estudo da circulação da bola em diferentes situações da fase ofensiva. Essa representação contemplou parâmetros essenciais das situações de jogo: as condições espaciais, temporais e técnico-táticas das ações ofensivas. A principal referência espacial utilizada foi o conceito de espaço de ocupação defensiva (EOD). A dinâmica das situações foi apreendida mediante a ordenação temporal das ações permitindo identificar encadeamentos de ações ofensivas espaço temporalmente estruturadas na forma de padrões. Esses padrões foram pré-concebidos para atender às diferentes possibilidades de circulação da bola em relação ao EOD. Uma analise das características da circulação da bola na fase ofensiva em equipes européias de altíssimo nível competitivo foi realizada como forma de explorar as potencialidades e limitações dessa metodologia
Match analysis is a recent academic research field in which exploratory investigations still predominate. One can see that in literature by the broad range of adopted approaches. In this work is presented a methodology grounded in the representation of oppositional relation status to the study of ball circulation in different situations of offensive phase. This representation considered essential parameters of match situations: spatial, temporal and technical-tactical conditions of offensive actions. The main spatial reference adopted was the concept of space of defensive occupation (SDO). The situations dynamics was captured trough the temporal ordering of actions allowing the recognition of chains of offensive actions spacetemporally structured in form of patterns. These patterns were pre-conceived to encompass the possible different ways of ball circulation in relation to the SDO. An analysis of ball circulation characteristics in the offensive phase of very high level European teams was conducted to explore the potentialities and limitations of this methodology
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Bergenfelz, Charlotte, and Fredrik Silverglimth. "Att designa bort det oönskade : Exkluderande design i Göteborg och Västsverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37658.

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Studiens syfte är att undersöka olika former av exkluderande design i offentliga och semi-offentliga rum, samt vilka konsekvenser en sådan design kan ha på olika samhällsgrupper. Studiens resultat är baserade på fokuserade observationer av den fysiska designen, främst i Göteborg, i triangulering med innehållsanalys av översikts- och detaljplaner. Studiens resultat visar att en mångfald av designmodeller användes i de observerade offentliga och semi-offentliga rummen, varav en del av dessa designer kan ses som exkluderande. Majoriteten av observerade sittplatser finns hos privata aktörer som caféer och uteserveringar, vilket signalerar ett behov av att vara konsument för att få ta del av dessa semi-offentliga platser. Semi-offentliga platser som var stängda nattetid samt hinder mot skateboardåkning var andra observerade designer som riktar in sig på särskilda samhällsgrupper eller beteenden. Fyra grupper anses vara speciellt påverkade av exkluderande design: hemlösa, funktionsnedsatta, resurssvaga, samt skateboardåkare. I kontrast till tidigare forskning anser vi att flera av de observerade designerna kan anses vara inkluderande istället för att enbart ses som exkluderande.
The aim of this study is to explore different forms of unpleasant design in public and semi-public spaces and what potential consequences such design may have on different social groups. The results are based on focused observations of the physical designs themselves, primarily in Gothenburg, Sweden, in triangulation with text analysis of official documentations of land use and zoning plans. The findings indicate that a variety of designs were used throughout the observed public and semi-public spaces, some of which can be seen as unpleasant. Most of the observed seating options were located within privatised businesses, signalling the need to be a consumer to use these semi-public spaces. Semi-public spaces that are inaccessible during the night as well as anti-skate obstacles were other observed designs that targeted a certain group or behaviour. Four social groups were found to be more of a target or sufferer of the designs: the homeless, people with disabilities, the destitute, and skateboarders. In contradiction to previous research a substantial amount of the observed designs can be perceived as inclusive rather than only exclusionary.
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Frederick, Lorinda A. "Deterrence and space-based missile defense /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=2c4a986d-2074-4005-b963-1b697e841d8c&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Grauer, Walter A. "Predicting space requirements at Defense Logistics Agency warehouses." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA320509.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): David G. Brown, K.R. Gue. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44). Also available online.
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Daehnick, Christian C. "Blueprints For The Future Comparing National Security Space Architectures /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : Air University Research Coordinator Office, 1998. http://www.au.af.mil/au/database/research/ay1995/saas/daehnicc.htm.

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Fried, Limor. "Social defense mechanisms : tools for reclaiming our personal space." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33151.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67).
In contemporary Western society, electronic devices are becoming so prevalent that many people find themselves surrounded by technologies they find frustrating or annoying. The electronics industry has little incentive to address this complaint; I designed two counter-technologies to help people defend their personal space from unwanted electronic intrusion. Both devices were designed and prototyped with reference to the culture-jamming "Design Noir" philosophy. The first is a pair of glasses that darken whenever a television is in view. The second is low- power RF jammer capable of preventing cell phones or similarly intrusive wireless devices from operating within a user's personal space. By building functional prototypes that reflect equal consideration of technical and social issues, I identify three attributes of Noir products: Personal empowerment, participation in a critical discourse, and subversion.
by Limor Fried.
M.Eng.
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Shaw, Kelly Tryon. "Burglars' assessments of territoriality and burglary risk from defensible space cues." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21917.pdf.

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Cozens, Paul Michael. "Investigating defensible space and the criminogenic capacity of characteristic British housing designs." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/investigating-defensible-space-and-the-criminogenic-capacity-of-characteristic-british-housing-designs(385cf5db-07a9-4bf9-a7fd-7d1cd85db5d2).html.

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This thesis investigates the criminogenic capacity of characteristic residential housing designs found in the British city. This exploratory study collected and analysed both qualitative and quantitative data concerning the perceptions of major stakeholders in society (planning professionals, police officers, convicted burglars and young adults) regarding these design typologies. This design-specific approach highlights the crucial significance of 'image' and subjective perceptions in the 'design-affects-crime' debate thereby representing an innovative and original contribution. Newman's theory of 'Defensible Space' (1973) is convincingly supported, in that single family dwelling units such as detached, semi-detached and terraced housing, were perceived by all groups to be less prone to criminality. Low-rise and high-rise flats, however, were viewed in more negative terms, as highly criminogenic and fearinducing. To probe the complex relationship between the social and physical dimensions of urban residential space, various designs of contrasting and polarised levels of upkeep were selected for investigation. Significantly, designs with visible 'signs of decay' that were poorly-maintained were consistently perceived to be both more criminogenic and fear inducing. Newman's third 'defensible space' element of 'image and milieu' is underpinned, in addition to the 'Broken Windows' theory of Wilson and Kelling (1982). It is established that design, per se, is not the definitive explanatory factor for criminality. Rather, it is the crucial socio-economic and demographic associations attached to these designs that influences perceptions of crime/deviancy, 'defensible space' and the fear of crime. The 'image' of the design can significantly affect levels of perceived defensibility. It is demonstrated that probing the subjective and perceptual elements to crime and fear of crime provides a useful analysis to pursue alongside the traditional approaches of utilising recorded crime statistics and published socio-economic and demographic data to guide policy responses and crime prevention through environmental design initiatives. Understanding the subjective reality of the fear of crime and how 'defensible space' is perceived can assist in the campaign to improve urban design and inform the Home Office's 'Secured By Design' initiative. This work underpins the journey towards understanding 'safer cities' and contributes to the design-affects-crime debate generally.
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Books on the topic "Defensive space"

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United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., ed. Strategic defenses: Two reports. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1986.

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1943-, Davis Paul K., Bigelow J. H, and National Defense Research Institute (U.S.), eds. EXHALT: An interdiction model for exploring halt capabilities in a large scenario space. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2000.

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Newman, Oscar. Creating defensible space. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, 1996.

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Newman, Oscar. Creating defensible space. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, 1996.

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Pahl, David. Space warfare and strategic defense. London: Bison, 1987.

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Space warfare and strategic defense. New York: Exeter Books, 1987.

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War in space. London: Windward, 1986.

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E, McCuen Gary, ed. Militarizing space. Hudson, Wis: G.E. McCuen Publications, 1989.

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Hughes, James H. Warfare in space: Missile defense and our future in space. Washington, D.C: Council for Social and Economic Studies, 2000.

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Henry, Cisneros. Defensible space: Deterring crime and building community. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Defensive space"

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Garwin, Richard L. "Defensive and Offensive Weapons in Space and Civilian Space Technologies." In New Technologies and the Arms Race, 66–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10615-8_6.

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Abdelmonem, Mohamed Gamal, and Gehan Selim. "Defensive architecture and the shaping of the urban experience." In Architecture, Space and Memory of Resurrection in Northern Ireland, 81–109. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in architecture: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315643519-5.

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Ehlert, Cindy, and Thomas-Gabriel Rüdiger. "Defensible Digital Space." In Cyberkriminologie, 151–71. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28507-4_6.

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Utrilla, Carlos Manuel Entrena. "The Conundrum of Commercial Space." In Planetary Defense, 275–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01000-3_18.

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Dawson, Linda. "Post-SDI Missile Defense." In War in Space, 121–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93052-7_8.

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Detratti, M., and F. Dolce. "PNT for Defense." In Handbook of Space Security, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22786-9_105-1.

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Detratti, Marco, and Ferdinando Dolce. "PNT for Defense." In Handbook of Space Security, 821–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23210-8_105.

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Tillier, Louis. "Telecommunications for Defense." In Handbook of Space Security, 581–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2029-3_8.

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Lehr, Peter. "Protection: Defensible Spaces." In Counter-Terrorism Technologies, 131–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90924-0_9.

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Pelton, Joseph N. "Global Space Governance and Planetary Defense Mechanisms." In Planetary Defense, 339–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01000-3_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Defensive space"

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Fondevilla Aparicio, Juan José. "La Banda Gallega: vertebración defensiva de un espacio de frontera en el límite noroccidental del alfoz hispalense en la Baja Edad Media." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11485.

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The Galician Band: defensive vertebration of a frontier space in the Northwestern limit of the domains of Seville in the Late Middle AgesThe northwestern limit of the Seville domains constituted a complex frontier space of high potencial tension throughout the Late Middle Ages. Once the conquest of this historical territory was over, the council of Seville promotes the definition of a castral system destined to guarantee the guard and defense of its extensive territory. The Galician Band constituted a large network of fortifications who knew how to incorporate the existing ones and build new castles, which responded to an adaptive logic based on the poliorcetic and geopolitical requirements. The geospacial analysis carried out in this research, implemented through GIS, allowed contrasting certain hypotheses sustained from historiography regarding the territorial implementation strategy of these passive defenses. The detailed analysis of the intervisibility relations between the fortifications of the Galician Band, allowed to define its spatial link. The analyzed castramental spaces are hierarchized, presenting a progressive stratification from the border spaces into the deep lands of the Council, following a spatial pattern that allows the strategic control of the main paths of territorial penetration.
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Mahrour, Illili. "To inhabit the twelve i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi: fortified dwellings as alive ruins in the Gourara (Algerian Sahara)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11329.

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In the southwest of the Algerian Sahara, Taguelzi is one of the fortified settlement oases forming the network of the Gourara defensive structures situated on the southern edge of the Ouled Aïssa Hmada. It is a large and long flat limestone area, which borders, from north to south, the west side of the Timimoun sebkha. Despite its position on the periphery of Charouine, one of the Gourara sub-region main human settlement, Taguelzi is exactly situated at the crossroads of ancient caravan routes linking sub-Saharan Africa to the Atlantic shores and the Mediterranean world through both the Messaoura wadi and the shortcut to Figuig in Morocco, across the Great Western Erg. Taguelzi strategic position, on the southern cornice of the Ouled Aïssa hamada facing the north of Moulay Mohemmed Erg, an arm of the Great Western Erg, allows to reach the Aougrout, the main sub region of the Gourara, through the Deldoul sub region in few hours, and eventually from there to get to the Gourara main cities. By using a space anthropological approach based on spatiality vocabulary, we have tried to understand this Saharan settlement formed by twelve distinct defensive inhabited structures and why some of them are considered as “dead ruins” and others as still “alive ruins”. Taguelzi twelve fortified inhabited structures reported through “the spatiality living word” reveals the living space organization complexity at the territory scale and may explain the morphogenesis of those defensive structures which gave birth to troglodyte habitat, to stone defensive towers and double walled fortifications with gardens, wells, water system irrigation and wide-open cemeteries. Today, despite unsuccessful state rehabilitation projects and the fortifications advanced state of ruins after the 2008 devastating floods, the inhabitants still clearly identify and refer to them as the twelve “i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi”.
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Mele, Maria Grazia Rosaria. "Cagliari capitale e città di frontiera nel Mediterraneo di età moderna: l’utilizzo dello spazio e le mura nelle fonti d’archivio." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11547.

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Cagliari capital and frontier city in the Mediterranean of the modern age: the use of space and walls in archival sourcesIn a city already formed in its essential traits, with its historic districts of Castello, Stampace, Villanova and Llapola, the Hispanic Monarchy had a great influence on Cagliari urban structure adapting the defenses to the new war needs, exploiting to the most the internal walls space and encouraging the cultivation of extra moenia areas left in a state of abandonment. Cagliari was a composite city, were the inner integration between Catalans-Aragonese and Sardinians progressively settled and interacted with different ethnicities, as in other urban realities of the Mediterranean frontiers of that time. Through the archive sources (emphyteusis concessions of state property and notarial acts), it is possible to perceive a lively city and locate the sacred and profane places: palaces, streets, squares, fountains, churches and convents are cited as fundamental citizen reference points. The emphyteusis give us an important basic framework which allows us to know both the urban structure and the policy of the Crown at the same time, through the management of the state properties. Notary’s acts integrate these data bringing interesting information on private estates and on architectural characteristics of the realty.
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Marotta, Anna. "La “fortezza invisibile”: il telegrafo ottico Chappe nella Francia napoleonica." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11458.

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The “invisible fortress”: the Chappe optical telegraph in the Napoleonic FranceEven in the defensive and fortifying processes, two aspects can be found: the material component and the immaterial one. If all the constructive, material and structural procedures are the first, for example, all that concerns remote communications (maximum optics) belongs to the second, an indispensable tool to complete an optimal strategy for offensive and/or defensive operations. Remote optical transmissions are closely connected to the management of defensive systems: this is also what happens with the optical telegraph of Claude Chappe, conceived during the French Revolution and adopted by Napoleon for the potential inherent in the strategic and territorial logic, as for the organization, structuring and sending of encrypted messages (which since the sixteenth century had also seen the interest of Leon Battista Alberti. The densest part of the network spreads to France, from Paris to the borders of the nation. In Europe, you will see achievements in Spain, up to Russia. The Lyon-Paris-Venice line also led to the construction of a Lombard-Piedmontese section. The present contribution stems from a conspicuous research, founded on the twenty-year collaboration of Marotta with the FNARH (Fédération Nationale des Associations de Recherche Historique sur la Poste et les Télécommunications). The system included the installation in high positions (hills, towers or bell towers) of a mechanical device, which could be reached at a distance of kilometers. On top of a fixed pole of about 5 m, the apparatus consisted of a central axis (ordinateur) at the ends of which two mobile arms (indicateurs) were fixed which allowed (in the variation of the reciprocal positions and inclinations) to realize multiple signals, at the base of an entire encrypted visual alphabet, arrived in 1841 up to 61000 messages. Multiple types of models made. The contribution will return the chronological developments of the system, in time and space of territories involved, with the relative comparisons of types, models and languages, also through 3D modeling.
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Berti, Camillo, and Massimiliano Grava. "L’uso della toponomastica come indicatore di insediamenti e strutture fortificate: il caso toscano." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11493.

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The use of toponymy as an indicator of settlements and fortified structures: the Tuscan caseThe purpose of this contribution is to analyze the spatial distribution of the place names referred to the Tuscan territory, to fortified structures and settlements, through the study of the place names recorded geodatabase RE.TO.RE. (Regional Toponymic Repertory) created by the Tuscany Region with the scientific contribution of the Universities of Pisa, Florence and Siena. The Tuscan toponyms has been the object of both a synchronic study within each of the cartographic sources that make up the geographical database, and a diachronic analysis between the temporal thresholds in which the archive is articulated. The database, extrapolated from cartographic supports, in fact covers a time span between the first decades of the nineteenth century (nineteenth century land registries) and the most recent information series produced in the regional context (Carta Tecnica Regionale). In the contribution, the place names related in various ways to different types of structures and fortified settlements, such as castle, fort, tower, fortress, has been analyzed both in relation to the distribution and spatial aspects, and in reference to their evolutionary dynamics (persistence, disappearance, transformation), with the aim of identifying possible relationships between the territory and the distribution in time and space of the different types of fortifications. From a methodological point of view, the study has been carried out, in addition to the traditional tools of the topomastic survey, especially taking advantage of the potential of spatial analysis functions typical of geographical information systems.
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De Gennaro, Tiziana, and Davide De Leo. "Il restauro del castello di Massafra (TA)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11445.

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The restoration of Massafra’ Castle (TA)Massafra Castle’s restoration project aims to preserve and enhance the monument, redeeming it from the current state of partial abandonment, with the scope to return it to the community. First, an in-depth study of an historical research was carried out together with the analysis of the monument’ superficial and structural degradation to identify the adequate remedies. It was clear that “restoring only the stones” would have not been efficient and therefore finding a new purpose was necessary and essential. Finding a new scope for those kinds of architectures is a matter of great interest, because more than any other type of monuments, those are completely out of their historical context that gave them political, military and economic reason to be built. Therefore, following a sociological investigation, it emerged that the best solution would be create a connection between Massafra and cinematography: there are many cultural organizations in this area and most of them need more dedicated space. Massafra has already been chosen several times as a movie set by famous authors: Il Vangelo secondo Matteo by Pier Paolo Pasolini, Il Paese delle spose infelici by Pippo Mezzapesa and Amiche da morire by Giorgia Farina. This is how the MOVIE (Massafra Omni Vision between Innovation and Cultural Heritage) idea was born, a 360° cinema setting which is unique at a national level and that it would become part of larger cinematographic circuit already flourishing in the Apulia region. The project’s feasibility was then evaluated from a logistic-economic point of view. Furthermore, given the Castle’s location, the project proposes the reopening of ancient paths that connect the monument to the historical town centre and to the Ravine. The project also supports the restoration of rock settlements with its cave houses (currently completely collapsed) that surround the castle’s foundation to divulge hospitality.
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Muscatello, Giovanna. "La torre nella torre. Recupero e rilievo 3D per la fruizione della Torre Matta ad Otranto." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11357.

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The tower in the tower. Recovery and 3D survey for virtual visits to the Torre Matta in OtrantoOtranto is one of the biggest ancient settlements in the Salento (Puglia), in the easternmost part of the Italian peninsula. This location has always affected the city’s history, which has a stratified system of defence. As a result of the Turkish invasion of 1480, the city was completely destroyed. During the counter-offensive of 1481 the city was reconquered by the Aragonese, who are credited with the reconstruction of the city and its defences, building high walls with circular towers (still visible and well conserved), which housed artillery pieces on the various floors of the casemates. Around the mid sixteenth century the existing defensive structures were enriched with bastions including the imposing pentagonal structure that incorporates the circular tower of the late fifteenth century, the so-called Torre Matta, facing the harbour. As part of recent recovery measures, the enormous room inside the bastion was completely emptied. This entailed removing all the accumulated material which, over the years, had come to fill the entire space. This material obscured the external wall of the fifteenth century tower enclosed within the bastion, of which, at the beginning of the work, only the stone corbels and the blind arches at the top were visible. The material had also prevented access via the only original entrance, on the south-east side, which was on the level of the moat. The stratified deposits to be removed were about 18 m deep, and the operation served to bring to light the entire room and the tower, making it possible for the first time to appreciate the relationship between the walls. To record the geometry of the individual architectural features, a 3D laser scan was performed, integrated with direct surveys. A three-dimensional model was created in order to enable virtual visits and disseminate knowledge of the monument.
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Subedi, Kul Prasad, Daya Ram Budhathoki, Bo Chen, and Dipankar Dasgupta. "RDS3: Ransomware defense strategy by using stealthily spare space." In 2017 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2017.8280842.

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"Theater Missile Defense." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-4000.

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Luca, Christiaan, Marjolijn Vencken, Katinka van Cranenburgh, Juan Diego Borbor, and Anthony Tchilinguirian. "Trends in the Relationship Between Business and Society: Understanding the Past and Preparing for the Future." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206032-ms.

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Abstract How can a business develop sustainable societal relationships in a world that is often described as volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous? While public expectations of companies are complicated and continuously changing, there are clear underlying trends in modern society that shape this relationship. Understanding these trends allows a company to develop the capability of proactively managing societal relationships. The findings of the study are especially relevant for industries that visibly operate in the public space and should anticipate societal resistance. This paper first describes the societal trends that shaped the way people and organizations have interacted since the Second World War. In this period increasing environmental and social awareness and assertiveness developed along three evolutionary paths: –active public discourse that continuously pushes the boundaries of what is deemed acceptable and desirable, with increasing focus on human values and space for the individual;–industry sectors and international organizations that try to preempt new societal expectations with voluntary guidelines and self-regulation; and–governments that formalize important and matured parts of the public discourse and voluntary guidelines in laws and regulations. Secondly, the authors adopt a practical model to describe how companies have struggled to keep up with this continuously evolving and dynamic societal landscape due to lack of adaptation. An increasingly defensive and reactive business approach to societal pressure has led to a low point in trust from stakeholders. To regain trust and their social license to operate companies need to take a more proactive approach to societal relationships, which require both organizational and cultural change. Finally, the authors take the example from the safety journey, where the oil and gas industry has been very successful in demonstrating that excellence in safety is both a moral obligation and good for the bottom line. The same applies to excellence in societal relationships. Using the evolutionary model of safety culture with its maturity ladder as analogue, the authors provide a practical and value-driven framework to guide companies on their organizational and cultural change journey towards effective societal relationship management.
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Reports on the topic "Defensive space"

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Kersey, Daniel E. Space Strategy: Defensive Shields or Death from Above. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437642.

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Jenkins, Christipher D. Moving Target Defense for Space Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1592959.

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DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA. Defense Industrial Base Assessment: U.S. Space Industry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485990.

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Smith, William B., Jacob F. Rutten, David L. Armstrong, Thomas J. Farish, and Patrice A. Stevens. Space and Defense Power Systems Maintenance Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1084514.

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Taylor, Joseph J. Commercialization of Space: National Policy and Defense Needs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada156517.

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Kelly, Laurie S. Defense Launch: A Key Dimension of the Promise of Space. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441122.

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Kelley, Robert. Overcoming Space and Time Disadvantages in Joint Theater Missile Defense. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401837.

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Canavan, G. H. Discussion of ``Review of `Space debris hazard to defense systems```. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/383553.

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Hoffert, Martin I. Innovative Energy conversion Schemes for Space Based Strategic Defense Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338958.

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Hall, R. C. Missile Defense Alarm: The Genesis of Space-Based Infrared Early Warning. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada636825.

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