Journal articles on the topic 'Defenses – economic aspects'
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1
Simone, N. "Social cohesion and artistic resources, Two Clinical cases." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S872—S874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1848.
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IntroductionTwo emblematic clinical cases will be addressed in this poster. The purpose of the poster is to relate the aspect of how the artistic resources of psychiatric patients are useful to improve social cohesion.ObjectivesCorrelate psychotherapy work on superior defenses to social cohesion and clinical improvement.MethodsPsychopharmacotherapy. Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. Psychiatric rehabilitation.Social jutice idex (Schraad-Tishler, 2015) and BES (Istat 2015) as sources of social cohesion indicators.ResultsIn the first case we have a man with ciclotimic personality disorder and substace abuse with psicotic episodes. Previously, the patient underwent repeated hospitalizations . Once the therapeutic relationship was hooked up and introduced in addition to pharmacological treatment, a psychotherapy also aimed at activating personal resources, the patient began to take an interest in the activity of a street artist. Over time and with the improvement of this activity, aspects of social cohesion have been highlighted in the social context. Social relations both linked to work and affective activity, as well as friends; improvement of the economic situation both through the economic return of this activity and through associative loans linked to this activity; an improvement of social inclusion and non-discrimination in the cities where the artistic activities were carried out; the use of fixed environmental spaces where the activity can be carried out. These aspects have favored a recovery that has reached the complete economic independence of the patient, the establishment of a family unit of their own, the progressive remission of the toxicophilic relapses and therefore the psychotic imbalances they induce.In a second case, we have a 30-year-old patient with a severe depressive disorder, with narcissistic, paranoid and obsessive personality traits, graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts and with an artistic production both before and after the illness. In addition pharmacological therapy, the patient began psychotherapeutic interventions on the enhancement of superior defenses such as sublimation through artistic activity. So she began to rededicate herself to the artistic activity , she however progressively improved the recovery aspects for a long period of time up to living, working and emotional autonomy. During this path the aspects of social cohesion were also decisive, such an economic autonomy linked to the work activity of an employee in an art gallery, a progressive social inclusion, the conquest of spaces where you can exhibit your works and an increase in trust both towards the family and towards health workers and towards friends and work relationships.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsIn this Clinical cases and others not reported exist correlation between psychotherapy work on superior defenses to social cohesion and clinical improvement.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Dewi, Liza Dwi Ratna, and Eko Putra Boediman. "Interpreting Symbols of Cultural Identity Jatiwangi Clay." LONTAR: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/lontar.v12i1.8281.
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In 2012, the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia projected the West Java Strategic Industrial Zone called the Rebana Triangle with 3 points: Cirebon City, Subang Regency, and Majalengka Regency. Since then, a large wave of modern industrialization has entered this area and affected all aspects of community life, including the threat to the existence of local cultural identity. This research aims to explore the meanings of 3 cultural symbols produced by the Jatiwangi Art Factory (JAF), a community of artists based in the Jatiwangi District, Majalengka Regency. Stuart Hall's concept of Cultural Identity serves as the reference basis, and Roland Barthes' Semiotics is used as the research analysis method. The research subjects are JAF, and the research objects are the 3 cultural symbols created by JAF. Data collection was conducted through informal discussions, field observations, the internet, and literature studies from 2000 to 2023. The results of the research show that: the Rampak Genteng Festival is a process of forming strong cultural defenses in mental, geographical, and political spaces. Clay Music is a dominant process of forming defenses in mental space. Meanwhile, Terakota City is the formation of cultural identity defenses in geographical, political, social, and economic spaces.
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Shaidurova, Natalia, and Mária Homokyová. "The Methodology of Tax Records for the Support of Tax Management." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0060.
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AbstractTax policy is associated with the use and application of taxes and their instruments, which serve to influence macroeconomic and microeconomic processes in the economy. We can derive the tax policy from the applied economic policy of the state. The objectives of economic policy are aimed in particular at strengthening the effectiveness of the market mechanism, reducing pension and property inequality, as well as strengthening the internal and external stability of the state. In securing them, the state must take into account many internal, as well as international aspects, focused not only on economic but also on political, social, defenses, ethical and other interests. The individual goals that the state sets by its economic policy can be effectively achieved through goal-oriented policies that form part of economic policy. The state’s social policy, unemployment policy, tax policy, etc. fulfil their role. These policies then have a retroactive effect on the economic policy of the state. The subject or goal of tax policy is the application of tax principles and measures so that taxes serve to promote the economic, social and political goals of the state.
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Galkin, S. S. "LENDING RIGHT AND INSOLVENCY ESTATE." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 7 (September 16, 2020): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.71.7.121-129.
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The article analyzes the practical aspects of inclusion the lending right into the insolvency estate. Based on the analysis of existing legal regulations and judicial practice of their application, there are existing restrictions on the inclusion of lending rights in the insolvency state. These restrictions are analysed from a balance of interests of the owner, the debtor and his creditors, as well as the correct distribution of economic costs while providing priority protection to each of these entities. Based on the concept of flexible legal regulation, the author formulates possible approaches (de lege ferenda and de lege lata) to solving this problem. The article focuses on the definition of the elements of the theoretical concept of a flexible system of protecting rights in insolvency. This concept includes, for example, the following aspects: firstly, the need to relativize those absolute defenses that can directly negatively affect the general economic well-being (In this case, the insolvency estate), secondly, the enforcement search for the scope of the protection provided should be carried out by judicial weighing and procedural assessment of various relevant factors, as well as the corresponding gradation of legal consequences, which should be identified by legislator or superior court.
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Saleha, Saleha, Raldi Hendro Koestoer, and Lukijanto Lukijanto. "Ketahanan pantai terhadap bahaya banjir dan erosi: Studi komparasi Portsmouth (Inggris) dan Semarang (Indonesia)." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.9.1.p.9-16.
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Tidal flood and erosion are familiar phenomena in coastal areas that have an impact on the destruction of facilities and infrastructure (water, waste management, drainage) as well as environmental damage which is marked by a decrease in the quality of life of the community. However, the community persisted and chose to stay in the area and the population was increasing from year to year. Community resilience can be seen from several aspects: economic, social, infrastructure, and health. Building community resilience depends on social relationships, networks, and connectedness among communities. This paper reviews and compares the level of community resilience in Portsmouth (UK) and Semarang (Indonesia) to the erosion and flood disasters that hit these regions. With the descriptive comparative method, it is studied how the community's resilience to floods and abrasion is studied. The analysis results show that despite adequate defenses, Portsmouth’s resilience faces a higher economic risk of disasters and the resulting residual risks. Changes that occur on the coast of Semarang City have made people have to carry out a learning process to maintain their lives in the context of adaptation to the social, political, economic, and ecological environment in which the population lives.
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Milano, Anthony F., and Gill P. Beck. "Medical Malpractice Defense: The Predictive and Protective Power of Mortality, Survival, and Life Expectancy." Journal of Insurance Medicine 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17849/insm-48-1-1-5.1.
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Introduction.—The defense of medical malpractice presents a significant challenge to Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSAs). A medical malpractice claim consists of proof of: (1) duty, (2) breach of the duty, (3) causation, and (4) damages. Often the breach of the duty and the causation elements present complex medical issues involving multiple specialties and subspecialties of medicine. A considerable amount of time is required to prepare the defense pertaining to the alleged breach of the duty and causation elements. The damages aspect of the medical malpractice case is often not given equal treatment and may not be fully developed. As a result, damage awards can be surprisingly high once the breach of the standard of care and the causation defenses fail. Purpose.—The purpose of this article is to underscore the importance of developing the damages aspect of the case. This article will demonstrate through a case study the power of using fact-based medical-actuarial risk statistics and life expectancy testimony to limit, by thousands if not millions of dollars, economic damages to impairment-specific “years of life lost” in medical-malpractice torts. The important points to remember are that from the moment a case is assigned to an AUSA, the AUSA must: (1) focus as much, if not more, attention on damages; (2) execute a discovery strategy that ensures all aspects of damages are thoroughly investigated; and (3) retain the appropriate experts, including, in appropriate cases, an expert on medical risk appraisal and life expectancy.
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Sales, Samantha, and Rodrigo Cantu. "Committed capitalism." Sociedade e Estado 36, no. 2 (August 2021): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-202136020004.
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Abstract This article presents contributions from pragmatic sociology to the debate on the commitment of economic actors to socio-environmental causes. Given the controversy about the achievements of their engagement, we propose the notion of committed capitalism and seek to understand it through the moral ground of its critiques, defenses and the construction of its normativity. We aim to emphasize two dimensions observed in contemporary capitalism: the declared commitment to a cause and the efforts of actors to stabilize a compromise among distinct orders of worth (market, industrial, and civic) and create devices that actualize it in the world. Drawing on a textual corpus of Brazilian newspapers, we examine the interplay of critiques of corporate social responsibility, corporate sustainability, and social finance, as well as their responses. As a result, we present a framework of internal and external critiques of the compromise that allow us to understand the contours of the moral dimension that underpins some crucial aspects of contemporary capitalism.
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Boscheck, Ralf. "The EU’s Digital Markets Act: Regulatory Reform, Relapse or Reversal?" Intereconomics 59, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ie-2024-0032.
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Abstract As of 7 March 2024, the EU Commission began to enforce its controversial Digital Markets Act (DMA). This article sheds light on the recent debate. It lists the dos and don’ts of the DMA as well as stakeholder reactions to them before tracing some of the underlying motivations and reasoning that emerge from the EU’s current policy reversal with reference to dealing with abuse of dominant positions in line with Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Following this, the paper reviews economic aspects of digital platforms, concerns about market foreclosure and essential facility as well as appropriate remedies before closing with a discussion of the challenges in stipulating and enforcing efficient rules to govern digital platforms. It is argued that the DMA ought to be rewritten to stipulate clear and cogent legal standards, return to a strengthened system of ex post control and provide platforms with the opportunity to deliver efficiency defenses as part of corporate self-regulation.
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Tushnet, Mark. "The Legitimation of the Administrative State: Some Aspects of the Work of Thurgood Marshall." Studies in American Political Development 5, no. 1 (1991): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000171.
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The judicial role in the construction of the twentieth-century state was decisively structured by the interaction of developments in jurisprudence and by changes in the organization of the regulation of economic activity. Individual judges brought their backgrounds and political predispositions to the task as well, and we will gain a full understanding of the judicial role in structuring the state only by integrating biography, jurisprudence, and political economy. This article examines the work of Justice Thurgood Marshall in constructing the post-New Deal settlement of the relations among people in their capacity as consumers, people in their capacity as workers, and capital. That settlement was expressed in legal forms that departed from the common law doctrines that had for two centuries provided one of the legitimating ideologies of social relations. With the construction of the administrative state came the need to reconstitute not only the legal structures that supported the agencies of government, but also the ideological structures that explained the legitimacy of these innovations. While legal academics articulated carefully thought out defenses of the administrative state, judges provided the citizenry with less developed but, perhaps, more easily understood ideologies. Justice Marshall's work in areas of labor law and civil procedure provides insight into the dimensions of the legal legitimation of the administrative state, while his unique experience as a lawyer and his place within the Court illuminate the importance of biographical factors in a full explanation of the construction of the legal structures of the administrative state.
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Jargin, Sergei V. "War in Ukraine: Social and Medical Perspective." International Journal of Business and Management (IJBM) 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 32–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56879/ijbm.v2i1.17.
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This review discusses social and medical aspects of the war in Ukraine. If the world is becoming multipolar, armed conflicts of various magnitude may become permanent. International tension contributes to the increase in the birth rate: it is believed that the population growth strengthens defenses and sovereignty. Environmental degradation and the depletion of non-renewable resources are proportional to the population size. A reasonable option would be the global leadership centered in developed countries. Potential benefits include conflict prevention, environmental and population management, taking into account ecological and economic conditions in different regions. Large projects can be implemented to improve the quality of life and create jobs, which would be a reasonable alternative to excessive military spending. If the global power shifts to Russia, it will come along with losses of certain values. The quality of many services, products and foodstuffs will decline. Autocratic management style would spread also in the healthcare and science. Several examples from the field of healthcare are discussed here. Confidence-building measures, international trust and reliability are needed. Ukraine must become a testing ground for the international cooperation.
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Levine, Daniel S. "In partial defense of softness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 3 (June 2001): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01434145.
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The authors wish that the psychology of human decision making should borrow methodological rigor from economics. However, unless economics also borrows from psychology this poses a danger of overly limiting the phenomena studied. In fact, an expanded economic theory should be sought that is based in psychology (and ultimately neuroscience) and encompasses both rational and irrational aspects of decision making.
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Tatara, Beny Abukhaer, Suhirwan Suhirwan, and Mochammad Afifuddin. "The economic impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia." Journal of Enterprise and Development 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jed.v5i1.6802.
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Purpose — This research aims to analyze the economic impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia.Method — This research uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques using interviews and literature studies. Researchers conduct interviews with officials related to the National Narcotics Board with 10 people and officials from the Defense Potential Directorate of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense with 2 people.Result — Illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia has an impact on the national resilience of the Indonesian nation. The impact covers all aspects of astagatra, which consists of trigatra aspects, namely demographic, geographical, and natural resources aspects, and pancagatra aspects, which consist of ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural, and defense-security aspects. In economics, research has shown that the economic loss due to drugs amounts to 84.7 trillion rupiahs due to illicit drug trafficking, where 77.42 trillion rupiahs is a personal loss and 7.27 trillion rupiahs is a social cost. Moreover, drug addicts will find it difficult to get a job, given that the impact of rejection from the community and the work environment reaches 92%. Cooperation between agencies and community participation is necessary to address it. This is because Indonesia's defense system is total people's defense and security system (Sishankamrata), which requires the participation of all components of the nation.Contribution — This research add to the knowledge about the impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking, specifically the economic impact. In addition, this research is expected to be a source of input for the government in developing strategic steps to counter illicit drug trafficking which is asymmetric warfare.
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Ratih Rachma Kurnia, Prayogi Aprilianto, Haetami Haetami, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, Budi Pramono, Agus Winarna, Yudi Sutrasna, et al. "MICRO, MACRO, MONETARY, AND FISCAL SECTORS OF INDONESIAN ECONOMICS DEPEND ON DEFENSE ECONOMICS." Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 2, no. 2 (October 29, 2022): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i2.3816.
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Indonesia as a developing country, has good awareness of the importance of national development in many aspects. The national development process includes the developments of micro, macro, monetary and fiscal sectors. These factors have affected the allocation of resources, distribution of income, economic growth, and stabilization related to military defense. This paper aims to describe the Indonesian economic condition in 2022 from the defense economics perspective. The method used in this paper is a qualitative literature study with a descriptive and narrative approach. The conclusion is that the Indonesian economic current condition from the micro and macro sectors shows a good development. Furthermore, the policies taken by the government in the monetary and fiscal sectors are considered to be able to stimulate economic recovery. From the defense economics point of view, this condition must be accompanied by conducive country security so the public welfare can be stable
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Susdarwono, Endro Tri. "Increasing Return: Supply Chain Economic in the Development of Indonesia’ Defense Industry Independence." ENTITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 3, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ejpis.v3i1.3863.
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The purpose of this study discusses increasing returns: economic supply chain in the development of the independence of the Indonesian defense industry. This research is a qualitative research, the type of research uses a comprehensive analytical study and analytical normative approach. The concept of supply chain economics shows that integration and harmony between engineering fields with economic and social science are very important to be reconstructed to produce Indonesia's best economic competition performance. Independence in making defense equipment must continue to be utilized and developed. By making its own defense equipment, Indonesia will get various benefits, from the economic benefits of the emergence of defense industry clusters that will help drive economic growth, provide plenty of jobs, and enhance technological capabilities. Technology is an aspect that can distinguish a country's defense capabilities from other countries. If the mastery of technology can be carried out by defense industry players in Indonesia, this will be a big advantage for Indonesia's defense forces. Guiding corporations or defense companies is as important as industrial coaching. Defense industry companies actually become a vehicle and the spearhead of the formation of an independent, professional, efficient, modern, and innovative defense industry as well as implementing good corporate governance. Corporate development can include aspects of strategy, managerial, production, efficiency, and marketing
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Allhoff, Fritz. "On Economic Justifications of Bioterrorism Defense Spending." American Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 4 (July 2005): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160500193677.
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Semenenko, L., O. Semenenko, A. Efimenko, Y. Dobrovolsky, and S. Stolinets. "MAIN ASPECTS OF MILITARY AND ECONOMIC SCIENCE IN UKRAINE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, no. 11 (December 27, 2019): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.11.124-129.
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The article reveals the authors' views on the definition of the functions, structure of the military-economic science, its potential and development prospects in modern conditions of the relationship between war and economy.Military science and the military economy are linked by a common object of research, which is - war. The military economy makes recommendations on the most expedient economic policy within the military development of the country's armed forces, in order to address the issues of comprehensive provision of military (defense) needs of the state.The development of their own Armed Forces requires the creation of certain optimal conditions for their livelihoods. Creating and substantiating these conditions is one of the main tasks of military-economic science. Today, the main objective that it faces in the development of the Armed Forces should be to help the Government and the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, based on military groups located on the territory of Ukraine, to create their own Armed Forces that must meet the necessary (definite) level of military hazards, and also be economically feasible for Ukraine.Military-economic science studies economic processes and relationships that arise in connection with the preparation, conduct of the war by its localization and evasiveness. Military-economic science has its own laws, for example, the economic development of the country depend: the course and consequences of the war; defense capability of the state; moral spirit of personnel; development of armament and military equipment; the combat capability of the Armed Forces, etc.The main results of the article are the definition of: the main directions of the development of military-economic science; the basic principles of satisfaction of material and military-economic needs of the state; ways to meet military and economic needs, as well as the main issues of satisfaction of military and economic needs.In modern conditions, the relationship between war, politics and the economy has become more durable. The economy began to directly participate in the preparation and conduct of the war. Therefore, the national economy must be well prepared for the war and for the economic provision of its own Armed Forces.
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Моргунов, Ю., Yu Morgunov, Б. Саушкин, and B. Saushkin. "Technical and economic aspects of additive shaping." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20597.
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The techniques of additive shaping develop intensively during the last 20-30 years. Their application in mechanical engineering allow reducing considerably the duration of technological preparation for new produce manufacturing, using fundamentally new design-technological solutions, reducing finally labour-intensiveness and cost price of significant domestic defense produce manufacturing. In the paper there is shown a comparative characteristic of common and additive technologies of one purposeful destination, their advantages and disadvantages are emphasized. The problem of technical and economic assessment for the introduction of the techniques of additive shaping at an enterprise of mechanical engineering is considered. The relevance of such techniques in aerospace engineering production is emphasized, particularly under conditions of experimental production when the reduction of the cycle duration in engineering and design preparation of manufacturing is a decisive factor. The urgency of the development of integrated techniques which will ensure the further increase of technical and economic characteristics of production at the expense of the realization of advantages of both subtractive methods and additive ones affecting the material and connected with this of synergetic effects is substantiated.
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Gavrilova, Natalia, Larysa Petrenko, and Natalia Pitel. "International Partnership of Enterprises of the Defense-industrial complex of Ukraine: Financial and Economic Aspects of Development." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 6(39) (2021): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2021.6(39).297-303.
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The level of national security of the country directly depends on the needs of enterprises of the defense-industrial complex, their scientific, technical, financial and economic development. The financial security of defense enterprises and the financial security of the state as a whole is in a state of direct mutual influence. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the peculiarities of ensuring financial security at the enterprises of the defense industry and in the defense-industrial complex. The purpose of the work is to study the modern aspects of an international partnership of enterprises of the defense-industrial complex, the principles of their activities, and the financial aspects of development. The article considers the interpretations of scientists on the concepts of defense spending and financing of law enforcement agencies, considers the structure of the defense budget of Ukraine. The article considers the defense-industrial complex as an integral part of the entire military potential of the country and the industrial basis of the national security of the state. The article states that the enterprises of the defense-industrial complex produce high technologies, know-how, which can later be used in civilian sectors of the economy. International partnership of enterprises of the defense-industrial complex with NATO and the EU becomes a factor in the reform and development of the entire military-industrial complex of Ukraine. However, given the needs of the domestic defense-industrial complex, along with the processes of its structural restructuring, cooperation on technological modernization of the enterprises of the sector and the renewal of the manufactured armaments should deepen. It is also advisable to intensify cooperation in the field of space, both for military and civilian security-related purposes. A separate direction of cooperation should be the creation of a joint innovative infrastructure in the defense-industrial complex.
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Shumakov, Mikhail Dmitrievich. "The Significance of the Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1918. Economic and Military-strategic Aspects." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 10 (October 2023): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.10.38840.
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The object of the study is the defense of the city of Tsaritsyn by the Red Army troops in 1918. The subject of the study is the economic and military-strategic importance of this city for the warring parties. The significance of revealing the significance of the defense of this city is due to the fact that I.V. Stalin took active steps to organize the defense of Tsaritsyn in the summer and autumn of 1918. In the following years, this issue acquired special political significance, including in connection with the confrontation between I.V. Stalin and L.D. Trotsky. Their confrontation also concerned the question of the expediency of Stalin's activities in Tsaritsyn and, more broadly, the importance of the defense of this city in general. In this study, the author tried to show that the defense of Tsaritsyn was of great economic and military-strategic importance at the time of the summer-autumn of 1918. Based on the sources associated with food supplies from the outskirts of Russia to its centers, the author emphasizes the food importance of the South of Russia and Tsaritsyn in particular, as the food and industrial center of this region. A separate aspect of the significance of Tsaritsyn is the factor of railways - Tsaritsyn was an important railway junction connecting three branches of railroads. This was important both in the light of the centralization and delivery of food supplies, and from the point of view of the transfer of armed forces. Finally, the author tried to combine economic and strategic importance in the framework of the study. The latter is represented by feedback from participants of various belligerents of the Civil War about the significance of Tsaritsyn.
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Sevryugin, Yu V., and A. P. Styazhkina. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE STATE DEFENSE ORDER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION." Social’no-ekonomiceskoe upravlenie: teoria i praktika 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2618-9763-2022-4-44-52.
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Attention is focused on the problems of ensuring the national security of the state, which are always relevant for our country, on strengthening their significance in connection with the changes taking place in the world. The extreme importance of state planning and budgetary control over the execution of the state defense order is determined, since significant budgetary resources are redistributed through it, and its main indicators determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of weapons. Since the end of February 2022, the Russian economy has found itself in a changed foreign policy environment. The need was noted for making serious adjustments to the state regulation of the activities of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, which are the basis for ensuring the national security of our country due to the protracted phase of the special military operation in Ukraine and the harsh sanctions pressure of Western Europe and the United States. The need to find new solutions to the problems of increasing the production of weapons and military equipment, and searching for additional production capacities is emphasized. An increase in the number of military personnel in conditions of partial mobilization obliges us to take additional measures to fulfill the state defense order. The key decisions taken during 2022 to regulate and improve economic relations in the field of state defense orders, as well as the dynamics of public spending on national defense, are analyzed and the prospects for their further growth are outlined. The following main areas for improving financial relations in the field of state defense orders for 2023-2024 have been identified: duties and responsibilities of performers, pricing, procurement procedures and banking support. The conclusion is made about the need for further scientific research to assess the financial efficiency of the decisions made in the framework of state planning and budgetary control in the field of state defense orders.
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Koval, О. "Theoretical and econometric aspects of the relationship of military expenditures and economic growth." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 4 (52) (2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2022.52.30-38.
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The article examines the essence of the macroeconomic model "Guns versus Butter" (a compromise between military and other state expenditures) and determines the relevance of its application in the study of the impact of military burden on the economy of Ukraine. In the course of the study, the following indicators were singled out for studying the relationship between military expenditures (expenditure on national security and defense) and social security expenditures (non-defense sector goods that improve public welfare): total GDP, share of GDP on defense (military burden on economy) and other governmental programs, as well as the tax burden. The article segments the main indicators of the state budget of Ukraine for the period 2014–2021, which indicate the processes that develop over time, depending on military, political, economic, geopolitical factors, etc. The results of empirical studies conducted for a number of least developed countries, developing countries and developed countries in different regions of the world testify to "two sides of the same coin", the unity of opposites that ensures the development of the system and its balance. The leading role in this balance is played by the relationship between economic growth and military spending, as well as the methodology for assessing the causal relationship between them. It was found that, depending on the geopolitical situation, potential or existing armed conflicts, military spending can play a key role in the protection of national security and defense, and therefore in economic development and stabilization of public welfare, through investment attractiveness, free market relations, innovative activity etc. The conclusion indicates the need to conduct quantitative micro-, meso-, and macro-economic studies in Ukraine during the period of independence, using methods and models for substantiating economic decisions.
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Asmara, Johar, Guntur Eko Saputro, and Lukman Yudho Prakoso. "Reserve Components as a Non-Military Defense Strategy to Support Defense Economic." Journal of Social Work and Science Education 4, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v4i2.387.
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Indonesia has large human resources and has a lot of potential if proper management and development is carried out. Human resources are the most important aspect as a determinant of the development of national defense. This potential has a positive effect with the aim of forming a reserve component as a support for national defense forces so that the formation of this reserve component can also be interpreted as a strategy. This paper aims to explain how the role of reserve components in non-military defense efforts. The method used by researchers is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The result of this writing is that the reserve components originating from the community will return to the community, then this is considered as a soft-approach strategy to form a nationalist youth generation which will ward off threats that arise from various aspects of social life. It is hoped that the development of the strength and capability of national defense in the management of the reserve component will result in the success of the universal people’s security and defense system with a large number of civil society members becoming members of the reserve component.
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N, Levkovets. "DEFENSE STATES «SAFETY» AND «ECONOMIC SECURITY»." National Transport University Bulletin 2, no. 47 (2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2020-2-47-139-146.
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The content of such categories as «security» and «economic security of the state» is analyzed in the paper, the existing approaches to their definition are considered. The essence of the economic security of the state as a state of the economy, for which stable and scientifically grounded methods of neutralizing the negative impact of internal and external threats are presented. The purpose of the article is to investigate the definition of «security» and «economic security» and to clarify its content. The object of the study is the concept of «security» and «economic security». Research methods - comparative and expert analysis, methods of historical, logical and systematic analysis. The analysis of the literature on the interpretation of economic security makes it possible to conclude that there is no consensus among economist scholars on the definition of its essence and constituent elements. Further development of market relations is impossible without studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of this problem and creating an effective mechanism for ensuring economic security, so the problem is to understand the essence of economic security and to clearly identify its constituent elements, as well as timely detection of the impact of negative threats-factors in order to create their own system economic security, which will help to avoid the devastating effects of the national economy and to ensure its competitiveness. In general agreement with the opinion of scientists, it should be emphasized that most authors, in defining the economic security of the state, only distinguish the interests of the individual, society and the state as a whole, while the interests of economic entities - enterprises that are the main link of the state's economy, are not given sufficient attention. Summarizing the opinion of economists, it can be noted that national economic security is a state of protection of interests and ties between individuals, enterprises and states against internal and external threats. KEYWORDS: SECURITY, DEFINITIONS, ECONOMIC SECURITY, ANALYSIS, CONCEPT, CONCEPTS, COMPOSITIONS, LEVELS.
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HUSERAȘ, Alin Teodor, and Nicolae BALTEȘ. "EVALUATION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE." Revista Economica 75, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2023-0019.
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Measuring the defense product (or national defense as a public good) is a necessary step in determining the efficient use of public funds in the defense sector. In this paper, the final product obtained by the military field is analyzed from a macroeconomic perspective. The defense sector absorbs a substantial part of the state s resources, limited resources that could have multiple alternatives uses for society (education, health, infrastructure, etc.). While defense expenditure (considered as input or consumption of resources) is known for each state, for now there is no internationally established standard indicator of the defense product (benefit) obtained. This is in contrast to how performance is evaluated in the private sector economy. In the field of defence, the solution proposed by economists for measuring "defense output" assumes that defense output equals "resource inputs" (a convention widely used in the public sector) or that the value of defense output equals be roughly equal to the expenses incurred to achieve that result. Measuring the value of production in the free market economy is not viewed as a matter of policy. Market economies solve this problem through the method of market prices, and the supply-demand mechanism, which actually reflects the options existing between a certain number of buyers and sellers. However, in the field of defense things differ from the private markets model, which leads to an understanding of the challenge in measuring and evaluating the defense product. Economic theory provides some guidelines for determining the optimal outcome of the defense product. Analyzing these aspects from the perspective of an optimization problem, it is necessary to identify the socially desired level of defense, and to track the resulting (achieved) level of defense. This is done by equating the additional or marginal costs of the proposed defense spending with the additional or marginal benefits obtained. Although the economic approach is difficult to translate into a set of clear policy guidelines, it nevertheless provides a framework for designing defense performance assessment.
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Agustian, Indra, Avando Bastari, and Okol Sri Suharyo. "SUSTAINABILITY NAVAL BASE WITH THREE MAIN ASPECTS AS ONE OF THE INDONESIAN MARITIME DEFENSE AND SECURITY ELEMENTS WITH SYSTEM DYNAMIC APPROACH." JOURNAL ASRO 10, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v10i3.145.
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The development of Naval Base requires very strategic planning and calculation to obtain the sustainability of the base. This is intended so that in the future the existence of these bases can continue and exist, which is not disturbed by changes and System Dynamics from various aspects that develop and change over time. Sustainability of Naval Base is determined by many factors that are interrelated with one another as a very complex system arrangement so that a comprehensive analysis of various related aspects of the researcher is compiled into Three main aspects namely Defense Security Political Aspects, Economic Aspects and physical aspects of naval base. In this paper, the researcher will compile a model with System Dynamics approach to the sustainability of the Naval Base that is the object. Then also use Fuzzy Weighting from the elements of subjectivity which will be projected to become elements of objectivity, which also involves data / variables that are qualitative and quantitative. This has never been discussed in previous site selection studies. The complexity of the variables and the dependency relationships between variables in the system, and the decision makers' subjectivity can be identified and smoothed with the Fuzzy Weighting to get the weighting value so that the integration between the System Dynamics model with the Fuzzy Weighting method gets the analysis results of the Naval Base sustainability system based on three main aspects namely Defense Security Political Aspects, Economic Aspects and Physical Aspects of Naval Base. The results of the assessment of Fuzzy Weighting put the Defense Security Political Aspects in the first place with the value of the weight of the influence of interest 3.60, followed by the second position of the Physical Aspects of Naval Base with the value of the weight of the influence of the interest 3.40 and in the third position the Economic Aspects with a value of 3.0. Then the results are integrated into the System Dynamic calculation that produces sustainability values from three main aspects including Defense Security Political Aspects with strategic value of base area 36.42, then from Economic Aspects with land availability value 3.94, and Physical Aspects of Naval Base with physical capability values base 21.07.
Keywords: Naval Base, Sustainability, Three Main Aspects, Fuzzy Weighting, System Dynamic.
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Susdarwono, Endro Tri. "Pengembangan Kajian Ekonomi Pertahanan di Indonesia Melalui Studi Narasi Arkeologi dan Filologi Terkait Kerajaan Mataram." HEURISTIK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 2, no. 2 (September 19, 2022): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/hjps.2.2.86-103.
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This study is part of the study of narrative psychology, a science that studies how historical stories shape the influence of current human behavior if and someone's personality shapes their lives. The role of inherited manuscripts for storing information about life in the past, for the present life gave birth to the need for maintenance and utilization. In a number of the manuscripts described it can be understood that there is a content that turns out to be used in the development of studies in the realm of defense economics. Research and development of archeology so far has produced data that can be divided chronologically into three (3) periods, namely the Prehistoric, Classical (Hindhu-Buddhist) period, and the Islamic and Colonial periods. Each period is divided into several aspects of research. The results of archeology research and development can be utilized for the public interest, especially those related to the past reconstruction of values which are very useful for human life now and for generations to come. Archeological research and development can be used to develop defense economy studies that are in accordance with the character and identity of the Indonesian people. Defense economics continues to develop as a reflection of the problem of allocation of resources and of course each country has its own perspective on facing the challenges of defense economic issues. In general, the dissemination of economic studies on defense can be approached from when a large conflict occurs. The contemporary defense economy is more interested in working on those related to conventional, ethnic and conflict wars including revolutions, civil wars and long wars.
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DHARSANA, I. Made Pria, Indrasari KRESNADJAJA, and I. Gusti Agung Jordika PRAMANDITYA. "Land Tenure of Small Islands and Coastal Areas in Economic and Defense Aspects." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i2.220.
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The question of the purpose of statehood hovers again to collect the pledges of the development actors. The goal to become a nation-state that provides a place and humane and proper way of life is still harassing residents of coastal areas and small islands as part of the natural resources bestowed by The One Almighty God to the Indonesian people. Coastal areas and outer small islands are national assets controlled by the state and need to be preserved and utilized as much as possible for the prosperity of the people, both for present and future generations and for the interests of defense and security. related to the threat of remote island tenure which by certain elements were transferred to the land tenure rights that should belong to the village customary land, but there was a process of transferring rights which were then held by foreigners with the argument related to economic issues that were less supportive in the area by nominee or by road rent that threatens the stability of national defense.
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Steindl, Joseph. "El control de la economía." Lecturas de Economía, no. 17 (October 21, 2011): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n17a10371.
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Resumen Aquí se expone un diagnóstico de los principales problemas económicos que afrontan los países capitalistas desarrollados en la actualidad y se defiende un conjunto de políticas de corte keynesiano para solucionar esos problemas, vale decir, para lograr un adecuado control de la economía; se critica la teoría ortodoxa de la política económica y, sobre todo, la corriente monetarista, versión antagónica de aquella que defiende el autor. Entre las políticas para lograr un manejo adecuado de la economía se incluyen las que se refieren al desenvolvimiento económico de largo plazo y a los aspectos internacionales de la actividad económica y de su control eficiente. Abstract This work is a diagnosis of the main economic problems to be found in the developed capitalist countries. It is also a defense of Keynesian policies, which could be implanted to the solve these problems, namely, to achieve an adequate control of the economy. This defense implies a criticism of traditional theory of economic policy, special/y the monetarist tendency which opposes the theory followed by the author. When considering the policies which might achieve an adequate economic control, the author refers to the long run economic development; the international aspects of the economic activity and its efficient control. Palabras claves: políticas keynesianas en los países capitalistas desarrollados, disyuntivas económicas.
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Mishin, Y. V. "Organizational and Economic Aspects of the State Support of the Enterprises and Organizations of National Defense Industry." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 10, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 144–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2019.10.2.144-165.
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Purpose: the purpose of the work is to prepare reasonable proposals for the development of state support for investment activities – programs of diversification of enterprises and organizations of the defense industry. The relevance of the topic of this article is because the current state support mechanisms do not effectively stimulate the implementation of projects to diversify enterprises and defense industry organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special regulatory documents that take into account the specific features of the organization of production and production of defense-industrial complex (first of all, the “State program for diversification of enterprises and defense-industrial complex organizations”) for a rather long period of time.Methods: the methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as systemic and institutional approaches. In the course of the study, the procedures and instruments of state support for investment activities of business entities used methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogies. The methodological basis of this article was legal documents in the field of investment promotion (Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of ministries, etc.).Results: the article formulates proposals on the methods and procedures of justifying calculations, as well as the procedure and conditions for the provision of target funds. The proposals were developed on the basis of the analysis of the specific features of the organization of production and military products manufactured by the defense industry, as well as existing legal documents in the field of state support for investment activities.Conclusions and Relevance: аt the present stage of development of the Russian economy, the state must not only provide support to enterprises and organizations of the defense industrial complex in the form of concessional loans, subsidize interest rates on them, but also finance research and development costs from the federal budget. It should create interest among potential buyers in their acquisition of civilian products not only by economic, but also by administrative methods. At the same time, projects should be evaluated according to three criteria: the level of competitiveness of products in the world markets, commercial (financial) and budgetary efficiency.
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Buhroni, Akhmad Firmansyah, and Rinaldo Albertus. "Impact of the TNI Manunggal Village Building Program (TMMD) on the Socio-Economic Community Towards Empowerment of Regional Defense." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 01 (January 25, 2022): 916–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i1.sh03.
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This study aims to identify and analyze the impact felt by the community from the implementation of the TNI Manunggal Community Building (TMMD) program in terms of economic, social, and territorial defense aspects. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the TMMD Program organized by the TNI to support national development in rural areas had a very significant impact on the economic, social, and regional defense aspects. The output to be achieved in the TMMD program has been successfully achieved. With the TNI Manunggal Building Village program, the living standards of rural communities can be increased so that they can support as a source of strength in implementing the Universal People's Defense System (Sishanta).
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Arbatov, A., and P. Romachkin. "Military and Political Aspects of Defense Budget 2003." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2003): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2003-6-36-43.
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VIKULOV, Sergei F., and Lyudmila V. ZUBOVA. "A methodology to determine the aggregate cost of economic risk during the State Defense Order implementation." National Interests: Priorities and Security 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.18.1.43.
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Subject. This article deals with the issues of Russia's defense capability. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the economic aspects of the State Defense Order implementation. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific research methods. Results. The article offers an author-developed approach to divide the conditions for the implementation of the State Defense Order into risky and risk-free segments. Conclusions. The developed approach will help reflect the budget outlay cost in financial documents, taking into account the risky and risk-free stages of the life cycle of space and missile equipment.
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LEONOV, Aleksandr V., and Aleksei Yu PRONIN. "Economic dynamics of high-tech product creation: Applied aspects." Finance and Credit 29 (May 30, 2023): 1012–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.29.5.1012.
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Subject. The article considers applied and theoretical aspects of economic dynamics of high-tech product creation in government scientific and technological programs and projects. Objectives. The aim is to develop universal methodological and economic-mathematical tools to manage economic dynamics at the stages of substantiation, formation, and implementation of scientific and technological programs and plans for high-tech product creation, taking into account its specifics and various risks in the current military, political, and economic situation in the world. Methods. The paper rests on comprehensive analysis of theoretical concepts and current trends in economic dynamics, together with applied aspects of economic dynamics of high-tech product creation in State scientific and technological programs and projects, and employs the systems and synergetic approach. Results. The integrated approach enabled to create a basic ontological model for studying applied aspects of economic dynamics. Using the model, we developed: an endogenous model of economic dynamics in joint planning of creation and use of existing, developed, and future products; methodological principle of multi-level representation and evaluation of economic dynamics, the algorithm of its practical use and areas of application. We consider the substantiation and practical use of this principle to be among the most important results of the study of applied aspects of economic dynamics. Conclusions. The findings can be used to design scientific and technological programs and projects for various purposes, determine ways and means of sustainable innovative and technological development of the country, ensure defense and national security of the Russian Federation.
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Afriansyah, Arie, and Salsabila Siliwangi Surtiwa. "Surveillance at Sea: Legal Aspects of Offshore Installation's Utilization." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 419–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v5i2.38943.
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As the sea possesses rich variations of resources, it also imposes threats to the security and defense interests of a nation. Oil and gas exploration is one of the most important economic activities in the sea. In Indonesia, hundreds of offshore oil and gas platforms comprise thirty percent of the total oil and gas production. This signifies the importance of their establishment to the economy. However, their potentials do not stop there. As Indonesia is comprised of a very vast water area, the surveillance system still needs improvement. The article proposes to combine these interests into manifesting a simple surveillance system in offshore oil and gas platforms to improve defense and security systems, both for maritime routes in general and also the installations. The proposal prioritizes installations that are no longer operating, shifting their functions for other beneficial means. This is supported by the current law and regulations of the sea, both at the international and national levels. The international law of the sea implies that surveillance and data collection is allowed within the jurisdictional and territorial waters, whereas national levels allow functional shifting and defense system improvement in installations as long as it is coordinated with relevant ministries.
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Savić, Aleksandar, Milan Mihajlović, and Ivan Božović. "Macroeconomic aspects of comprehensive costs of assets as a prerequisite for equipping the defense system with weapons and military equipment." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 71, no. 3 (2023): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg71-44145.
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Introduction/purpose: The activity of managing the budget funds of the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces (MoD and AF) does not accept even minimal mistakes in the procurement of weapons and military equipment (WME). Equipping the Serbian Armed Forces with weapons and military equipment must be economically justified because a large part of the budget is allocated for that purpose. The goal of the research is to look at the economic aspect of treating costs as a prerequisite for the process of equipping the defense system with weapons and military equipment. Methods: For the purposes of the research, we used analytical and descriptive methods in order to see the comprehensive costs of assets that precede the effective equipping of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces with WME. The research included the analysis of 18 review and research papers, which we analyzed in accordance with the Rulebook on equipping the Serbian Armed Forces with weapons and military equipment. Results: The results of the research indicate that economic justification is expressed implicitly by the ratio of intangible benefits and achieved goals to the invested funds. The most common reason why economic justification is not expressed explicitly by the difference between the initial investment and the final asset quantity is the existence of a number of circumstances for making wrong investment decisions. Also, if the costs are not considered in detail during the entire life cycle of the investment, it can be assumed that the planned target result is not certain. Conclusion: The research indicates that not considering costs during the entire life cycle of the investment is the main reason for unplanned investments in the later stages and the emergence of numerous problems in the functioning of the defense system.
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Battakhov, Petr P. "Legal aspects of business activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 11 (2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520022764-1.
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The paper analyzes the terminology of entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic region of Russia. Particular attention is given to the law regulation of the main economic activities in the Arctic region of Russia. First, to the development of the Northern Sea Route, secondly, to the extraction of hydrocarbons and other minerals, thirdly, to the digital industry and, finally, to the traditional commercial activities of Northern native nations. The study offers a solution for the country's social programs through the corporations’ economic activities. It is noted that the legal regulation of the Arctic is partial, there are significant gaps. In addition, new flagship territories have appeared, where a special regime of economic activity is being created. In this regard, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop the Arctic Code of the Russian Federation. The article pays attention to such a direction of scientific research in law and economics as the development of living standards of the population in the Arctic. The specific risks of the Arctic zone are identified and classified. The study examined the role of insurance in the development of the Arctic region, in particularly, focused on the importance of liability and entrepreneurial risk insurance. The problem of defining the subjects of entrepreneurship in the legislation of the Russian Federation is recorded. It is also concluded that the concept of entrepreneurial activity should be reformulated in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The paper offers to adopt such a form of entrepreneurs' rights defense as dispute resolution in the magistrate’s courts
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Nofal, Sulafa. "The Fall and Rise of the Concept of Uncertainty in the History of Economic Thought." Brazilian Keynesian Review 9, no. 2 (August 21, 2023): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.33834/bkr.v9i2.299.
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Uncertainty is one of these central concepts towards which economists have formed diverse and contradictory views. Traditionally, mainstream economists ignore the fundamental role of uncertainty and fully embrace individual rationality. This related to the closed-system ontology adopted by them, whereby uncertainty is viewed as a source of disturbance and treated as an external shock. But the financial and economic crises have reopened the debate about the consequences of such neglect. The article, in turn, is an attempt to tell the story of economic debates of uncertainty’s ups and downs. It resorts to the history of economic thought as an analytical tool to trace the evolution of the concept of uncertainty and the arguments presented by schools of economic thought, whether in defense or rejecting the centrality of this concept. Moreover, discussing uncertainty brought to the fore other related concepts such as ‘animal spirit’ and irrationality and thus paved the way for aspects recently addressed in the behavioral economics.
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Хабибулин, Алик, and Кирилл Сомик. "PROBLEMS OF DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DIVERSIFICATION: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 4-1 (April 1, 2020): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.4.10.
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The initial conditions for digital transformation and modernization of Russian industrial production are creating negative and positive factors. The negative factors include the de-industrialization of Russia, its high technological dependence on imports, and insufficient investment. The positive factors are the high intellectual level of specialists; maintaining, and in some fundamentally new directions, advanced positions in the defense industries; abundant and unique raw materials and territorial resources and opportunities for industrial and digital infrastructure development; maintaining the potential preservation of opportunities for accelerated solutions to the problems of intellectual property development and commercialization and for the integration of the considerable potential of scientific and technological developments into the digital transformation of industrial production. Methods: the research is based on logical methods of analysis and induction, empirical methods of description and interpretation. Purpose: to determine negative and positive factors in the digitalization and modernization of industry of the Russian Federation. Results: the authors identify the main problems, drivers and points of growth for accelerated development and diversification in this area of the economy, and they formulate some proposals aimed at creating legal and economic conditions conducive to solving the identified problems.
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Al Syahrin, M. Najeri. "Kebijakan Poros Maritim Jokowi dan Sinergitas Strategi Ekonomi dan Keamanan Laut Indonesia." Indonesian Perspective 3, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v3i1.20175.
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As a maritime country Indonesia has economic and security opportunities as a foundation for national development. The future of the Indonesian maritime is realized through the synergy between the economic and the security aspect. This article describes the importance of such synergies within the framework of the global maritime fulcrum. Economic development in this framework is realized through ‘tol laut’ and connectivity of goods and services throughout Indonesia. In terms of security issues, the combating of illegal fishing is a form of defense policy as well as effort to maintain Indonesia’s territorial sovereignty. On one hand, this paper stresses the importance of economic development supported by defense and security stability. On the other hand, the development of defense posture requires a robust economic strength. Economy and security are two aspects that are inseparable and mutually supportive as an effort to realize the ideals of Indonesia as a global maritime fulcrum.Keywords: Global maritime fulcrum, economic and security, ‘tol laut’, illegal fishing
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Kuliczkowski, Marian. "Poland’s defense preparations in the context of allied obligations. Legal, institutional, and instrumental aspects." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 198, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 801–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5862.
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Poland’s accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1999 was one of the most critical events in the Third Republic history. The integration process with NATO’s political and military structures is long-term and requires the constant commitment of all state structures and institutions. Participation in the joint creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Member States’ defense force means, under Article 3 of the Treaty, the states’ maintenance and development of individual and joint capacity to counter armed attack. Thereby Poland is also obliged to conduct defense preparations in the national dimension. It requires providing formal, legal, and organizational conditions for the country’s functioning in the event of increasing the national defense readiness. Such conditions are necessary to perform tasks as part of national defense carried out on its territory and the territory of other states – the Members of the Alliance. The content presented in this article attempts to present legal, institutional, and instrumental aspects of defense preparations in Poland in the context of allied obligations. They concern the need for all NATO Member States to maintain and develop individual and joint capabilities to counter an armed attack. Given the nature of the problem, it should be remembered that Poland’s integration with NATO takes place both in the defense sphere and in economic, social, legal, and political matters.
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Haryatie, Eva. "The Role Of Government In Pandemic, To Overcome The Survey Of Unemployment And Poverty In The National Economic Recovery In The Supporting A Defense Economy." Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education 4, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55683/jrbee.v4i5.421.
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In early 2020, the world was shocked by a new pneumonia outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei Province and then spread quickly to 190 countries and territories. This outbreak was named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has had an impact on social, economic, tourism and all community welfare aspects and its handling cannot be separated from efforts to recover the national economy because the impact of the covid-19 pandemic has caused a drastic decline in various economic activities that endanger the national economy. Government policy in Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 82 of 2020, namely regarding the committee for handling Covid-19 and national economic recovery, has formed a committee for handling Covid-19 and national economic recovery, the joining of ministries from various aspects has joined together to assist in coordinating the implementation of government strategic policies in the framework of the recovery of the national defense economy. This research aims to identify and explain the government's role in recovering the national economy during a pandemic to tackle rising unemployment and poverty. Qualitative method by presenting a systematic view of a phenomenon/symptoms, by detailing the relationship between variables. The results of the research produce government policies from various aspects as evidence of the government's efforts in accelerating handling and economic recovery, integrating and determining steps for implementing policies and the necessary breakthroughs as stated in Presidential Decree No. 82 of 2020. In conclusion, the role of the government is very much needed to help economic recovery Defense provided policies to the private sector during the pandemic in synergy with the community Together to help restore Indonesia's defense economy.
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Popov, Volodymyr, Dmytro Hermanov, and Sergii Perepelytsia. "Particular Aspects Of The Concept Of “Terrorism”." Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 6, no. 2 (November 26, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.6.2022.09.
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The research paper studies current issues and prospects for the formation and implementation of the state policy of combating terrorism. As the author emphasizes, terrorist acts related to the of weapons, munitions or explosives are defined as the most dangerous and destructive consequences, as they pose a real threat to people’s lives and health, and cause the destruction of industrial, economic, or defense facilities. It became especially relevant during the resistance of the Ukrainian people to armed aggression by Russia. Therefore, the relevance of the theoretical and methodological development of particular issues of the concept of “terrorism” is beyond doubt and is the purpose of writing this research paper. The most characteristic features of modern terrorist activity should be considered to be its mostly organized nature, ideological cover for political or self-interested motivation, financing and coordination by non-governmental organizations, representatives of criminal communities or individual states, as well as the use by terrorists of corrupt connections with representatives of state authorities, law enforcement officers, employees of special services of foreign countries and influential persons of the economic and financial segment.
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Waszkiewicz, Grzegorz. "Drivers of Greek and Turkish Defense Spending." International Journal of Management and Economics 51, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2016-0018.
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Abstract This paper evaluates the factors responsible for maintaining substantial military expenditures in Greece and Turkey. The presented research encompasses theoretical and empirical aspects. First, defense spending by both countries was analyzed based on statistical data from international sources. Next, the theoretical determinants of budgetary spending are reviewed, which consider political, economic and military factors behind high expenditures on the army in Greece and in Turkey. Finally, Granger causality tests is applied to determine whether a causal relation between variables exists in the case of these two countries. We conclude that defense expenditures in Greece and Turkey exceed the NATO average, but are relatively low relative to those of selected Middle Eastern countries. Our results indicate that high military spending level in Turkey is mainly driven by national security concerns, whereas an economic driver prevails in Greece.
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Shangaraev, R. N. "Economic aspects of the military and technological cooperation between Russia and Turkey as they are today." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 566–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.3.566.
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Subject. The article discusses the active cooperation of Russia and Turkey on some strategic matters, including the military-technological cooperation. Objectives. The article represents my own comprehensive research into the economic potential of the military-technological cooperation between Russia and Turkey as they are today. I evaluate the future, risks and threats as the USA puts more pressure and foreign customers pursue to localize the production of military products inside, getting more involved into the joint research and designing process. Methods. I applied methods of logic, statistical analysis. Results. We see the dramatic reconfiguration and revitalization of the armament markets, intensification of integration processes in the world economy and never-ending prolongation of sanctions against Russia and its strategic partners. Turkey signed the C-400 supply contracts and continues its military-technological cooperation with Russia, notwithstanding the pressure of the U.S. administration, which is evidence of the high demand in Turkey for the Russian military technologies. Conclusions and Relevance. Sanctions were imposed on many Russian defense enterprises. The USA continuously put on pressure countries that cooperate with Russia on military and technological matters. There should be a more close cooperation with partners, including search for proper options for settlement of accounts in national currencies. Russia and Turkey are implementing some major projects, including in the defense sector, which will continue to be meaningful for bilateral trade and economic relations.
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Arifin, Zainal, Agus Suman, and Moh Khusaini. "Countertrade Mechanism of Global Arms Trade: Case Study of Indonesia." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p307.
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A strong national defense system serve to maintain the nation's honor such as creating peace, security, and sovereignty and becomes an effective instrument for bargaining position in relations between nations so that it has broad impacts, including impacts on economic aspects. The research approach used is a qualitative approach. This type of research is a systematic review research. Likewise, the defense industry of a country reflects the economic strength of its country, because in carrying out the defense function, the defense industry has a very important role, including in holding the national Main Tool of the Armament System. However, now not all defense equipment can be produced by the domestic defense industry, so some defense equipment must still be held in cooperation with foreign countries. Law No. 16 of 2012 concerning the Defense Industry mandates that procurement of defense equipment from abroad be permitted if it fulfills several requirements, including trade returns, local content, and offset. Counter trade is one of the mechanisms of cooperation that has been carried out by Indonesia. This mechanism allows reciprocal trade between two countries by buying goods from abroad with payment in the form of goods worth the goods imported. So it is important to analyze the potential for economic improvement for Indonesia that is generated by the mechanism of trade defense equipment from abroad, so that in conducting cooperation, Indonesia can benefit both in the short and long term.
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Ilchenko, O. V., and B. O. Ilchenko. "Means and ways to ensure economic security of Ukraine: legal aspects." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.03.50.
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The economic security of Ukraine is a key component of the national security system, taking into account potential internal and external threats that may adversely affect the public interests in Ukraine. The economic security of the state is the basis for the proper functioning of all subsystems of national security: political, social, military, environmental, technological, and information security. This is due to the fact that without the effective functioning of the economy, the state is unable to pursue an effective social policy, ensure military and political stability, expand scientific and technological potential, and ensure overall social development in all spheres.Current processes in the national and global economy force the state to formulate an effective policy to ensure economic security. Controversial integration processes that affect the defense capability and competitiveness of the state are even more important in creating effective means of ensuring economic security of Ukraine.This article examines the role of legal instruments in ensuring the economic security of the country. The author analyzes important aspects of legal regulation that contribute to strengthening Ukraine’s economic potential and protecting its national interests.In general, we offer a comprehensive overview of the legal aspects related to the economic security of Ukraine. We emphasize the importance of effective legal regulation, control and international cooperation for strengthening the country’s economic position and ensuring its national interests. By analyzing legal aspects, the article helps to understand what specific measures can be taken to ensure sustainable economic development and prevent possible threats. The author emphasizes the importance of compliance with international standards and obligations to ensure economic security.
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COROPCEAN, Ion. "The right of the Republic of Moldova to defense and some aspects of defensive capabilities." BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 12, no. 4 (January 18, 2024): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-23-46.
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Although it has declared itself a neutral state, the Republic of Moldova is compelled to consider potential sources of military threats. Defense is a fundamental and distinct field of national security, aiming to achieve national interests and the processes of political, economic, and social development of the state. According to international law, the Republic of Moldova has the right to defend and ensure its military security by all means at its disposal. It is legal to maintain Armed Forces, built on the principle of defensive sufficiency, for the defense of sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, as well as for the annihilation of armed conflicts and other acts of violence within the country that endanger the constitutional order.
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Gorshkova, E. A., and N. D. Barchuk. "Theoretical and practical aspects of the practice of applying certain provisions of the legislation in the field of state defense." Russian competition law and economy, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2019-2-68-75.
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The authors of the article analyze the provisions of the current legislation in the field of state defense order (hereinafter - the state defense order), raise issues that arise in the field of state regulation of prices for products, limits on the admissibility of actions by economic entities - participants of the state defense order, consider other legal uncertainties in the field of pricing.The current legislation in the field of the state defense order establishes additional requirements for business entities - contractors involved in the supply of products for the state defense order. At the same time, no matter how regulated this or that sphere would be, there always remains questions for which there are no exact answers.The subject of the article is intended, first of all, to the attention of those participants in civil law turnover who have never entered into the state defense order, but admit that they can become potential participants of these legal relations, as well as those who are not professional participants in legal relations in the state defense order, but occasionally attracted to them.The purpose of this article is to draw attention to some of the gaps in the current legal and regulatory framework arising from the application of legislation in the field of the state defense order and to suggest possible solutions.
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Emmanouilidis, Kyriakos, and Christos Karpetis. "The Effects of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth and Inflation: Evidence from Turkey." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 27, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 369–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2020-0058.
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Abstract The hypothesis that military spending affects economic growth and other aspects of the economy has been under scrutiny over the last decades. However, the macroeconomic impact of defense outlays is still an open question for researchers and policymakers. Aiming to contribute to the existing debate, this paper combines Keynesian with monetary theory and develops a discrete-time model that allows for potential fiscal-monetary coordination for financing the military sector in order to examine the effects of defense outlays on income and inflation. Τhe theoretical analysis suggests that military budget expansions can only have temporary effects on income, as in the long run, their impact on the economy is solely inflationary. However, the empirical findings associated with the economy of Turkey are not fully consistent with the theoretical conclusions of the specified model.
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Bakulina, A. A., V. V. Zemskov, and N. G. Sinyavskiy. "Economics, Lobbying, and Geopolitics as Factors Shaping the Uncertainties and Risks of Defense Spending." Economics and Management 27, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2021-3-201-209.
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Aim.The presented study aims to describe and analyze major opinions regarding the economic, lobbying, and geopolitical aspects of defense budget formation.Tasks.The authors qualitatively and quantitatively assess the impact of economic, geopolitical, and lobbying factors on the level of Russian military spending.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the effects of economic, geopolitical, and lobbying factors on the level of Russian military spending in various aspects.Results.Currently, there is uncertainty in assessing the impact of economic and geopolitical factors, as well as lobbying, on the level of military spending. However, it can be concluded that while the factor of lobbying for the interests of companies increases the level of military spending unilaterally, the interaction between the economy and military security is assessed by scientists as negative, positive, or neutral. A certain level of defense spending is established by balancing the influence of economic, geopolitical, and lobbying factors. At the same time, the capability to significantly “boost” defense spending is a distinctive feature of geopolitical factors.Conclusions.In today’s relatively calm geopolitical environment, the level of Russian defense spending stands at 65-75 billion US dollars (2.5–4.0% of GNI). However, geopolitical factors can raise the level of military spending to 300 billion dollars per year or even higher (20% of GNI and more). According to rough estimates based on data on the formation of US military spending, lobbying influences about 10% of defense spending.