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Journal articles on the topic 'Defense stimulator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 June 2023

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1

VadeBoncouer, Timothy R., and Francis X. Riegler. "In Defense of the Nerve Stimulator." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 23, no. 2 (1998): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199823020-00021.

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2

&NA;. "In Defense of the Nerve Stimulator." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 23, no. 2 (1998): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00115550-199823020-00021.

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3

Koçi, Rromir, Fabrice Dupuy, Salim Lebbar, Vincent Gloaguen, and Céline Faugeron Faugeron Girard. "A New Promising Plant Defense Stimulator Derived from a By-Product of Agar Extraction from Gelidium sesquipedale." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (2022): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100958.

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Stimulation of plant defenses by elicitors is an alternative strategy to reduce pesticide use. In this study, we examined the elicitor properties of a by-product of the industrial extraction of agar from the red alga Gelidium sesquipedale. Agar extraction process leads to the formation of an alkaline residue which is poorly valorized. This by-product has been analyzed for its chemical composition. It contains 44% minerals and, among the organic compounds, sugars are the most represented and encompass 12.5% of the dry matter. When sprayed on tomato plants, this by-product enhanced the levels of
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4

Ahn, Jeonghyun, and Glen N. Barber. "STING signaling and host defense against microbial infection." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 51, no. 12 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-019-0333-0.

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AbstractThe first line of host defense against infectious agents involves activation of innate immune signaling pathways that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Key triggers of innate immune signaling are now known to include microbial-specific nucleic acid, which is rapidly detected in the cytosol of the cell. For example, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) have evolved to detect viral RNA species and to activate the production of host defense molecules and cytokines that stimulate adaptive immune responses. In addition, host defense countermeasures, including the pro
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Bodin, Enora, Anthony Bellée, Marie-Cécile Dufour, Olivier André, and Marie-France Corio-Costet. "Grapevine Stimulation: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Investigate the Effects of Biostimulants and a Plant Defense Stimulator." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 51 (2020): 15085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05849.

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6

Bouissil, Soukaina, Claire Guérin, Jane Roche, et al. "Induction of Defense Gene Expression and the Resistance of Date Palm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis in Response to Alginate Extracted from Bifurcaria bifurcata." Marine Drugs 20, no. 2 (2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20020088.

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In many African countries, the Bayoud is a common disease spread involving the fungus Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). The induction of plant natural defenses through the use of seaweed polysaccharides to help plants against pathogens is currently a biological and ecological approach that is gaining more and more importance. In the present study, we used alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from a brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, to activate date palm defenses, which involve phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The results obtained s
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Xia, Tianli, Takayuki Abe, Ai Harashima, et al. "STING recognition of cytoplasmic DNA instigates cellular defense (P1393)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 57.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.57.8.

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Abstract How the cell recognizes cytosolic DNA including DNA based microbes to trigger host defense related gene activation remains to be fully resolved. Here, we demonstrate that STING (for Stimulator of Interferon Genes), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocon associated transmembrane protein, acts to detect cytoplasmic DNA species. STING homodimers were able to complex with self (apoptotic, necrotic) or pathogen related ssDNA and dsDNA and were indispensible for HSV-1-mediated transcriptional activation of a wide array of innate immune and pro-inflammatory genes in addition to type I IFN.
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de Mezer, Mateusz, Jan Rogaliński, Stanisław Przewoźny, et al. "SERPINA3: Stimulator or Inhibitor of Pathological Changes." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (2023): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010156.

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SERPINA3, also called α-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT, ACT), is one of the inhibitors of serine proteases, one of which is cathepsin G. As an acute-phase protein secreted into the plasma by liver cells, it plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory response and antiviral response. Elevated levels of SERPINA3 have been observed in heart failure and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Many studies have shown increased expression levels of the SERPINA3 gene in various types of cancer, such as glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, breast
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York, Autumn, Ann-Jay Tong, Joseph Argus, et al. "Limiting cholesterol biosynthesis acts as a danger signal that engages STING-dependent inflammation (INM2P.349)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 126.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.126.2.

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Abstract Pathogen invasion alters host lipid metabolism, however the mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. Here, we show that transcriptional repression of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis is driven by TRIF-dependent danger signals. Unexpectedly, decreasing cholesterol biosynthesis induces type I interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammation in the absence of conventional danger signals, resulting in resistance to pathogens. Spontaneous induction of inflammation was traced to a reduction in cellular cholesterol levels, and normalizing cholesterol attenuated IFNb and interferon s
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10

Krawczyk, Eric, Chase Kangas, and Bin He. "HSV Replication: Triggering and Repressing STING Functionality." Viruses 15, no. 1 (2023): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010226.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has persisted within human populations due to its ability to establish both lytic and latent infection. Given this, human hosts have evolved numerous immune responses to protect against HSV infection. Critical in this defense against HSV, the host protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) functions as a mediator of the antiviral response by inducing interferon (IFN) as well as IFN-stimulated genes. Emerging evidence suggests that during HSV infection, dsDNA derived from either the virus or the host itself ultimately activates STING signaling. While a complex reg
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11

Kudria, M. Ya, N. V. Melnikivs’ka, N. V. Ustenko, et al. "HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SPERMATOZOID STIMULATOR — KATIAZYN UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER PATHOLOGY." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 54, no. 4 (2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2015.4.07.

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It was investigated hepatoprotective properties of camphor acid derivative — katiazin under experimental model conditions of paracetamol drug-induced hepatitis. It was proved that katiazin in two doses (10 and 50 mg/kg body weight) stimulates the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense unit, increasing the concentration of the reduced glutathione and sulfhydryl groups. The application of katiazin led to an increase in the prothrombin time, which can be interpreted as a sign of the compound anticoagulant effect. It was found out that the administration of katiazin enhances liver detoxification functi
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12

Wang, Peiyan, Siji Li, Yingchi Zhao, et al. "The GRA15 protein from Toxoplasma gondii enhances host defense responses by activating the interferon stimulator STING." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 45 (2019): 16494–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.009172.

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13

Imanishi, Takayuki, Midori Unno, Wakana Kobayashi, et al. "Reciprocal regulation of STING and TCR signaling by mTORC1 for T-cell activation and function." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 1 (2019): e201800282. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201800282.

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Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a key role in detecting cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferon (IFN-I) responses for host defense against pathogens. Although T cells highly express STING, its physiological role remains unknown. Here, we show that costimulation of T cells with the STING ligand cGAMP and TCR leads to IFN-I production and strongly inhibits T-cell growth. TCR-mediated mTORC1 activation and sustained activation of IRF3 are required for cGAMP-induced IFN-I production, and the mTORC1 activity is partially counteracted by cGAMP, thereby blocking proliferation. This m
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Majtán, Juraj, Pawan Kumar, Ján Koller, Jana Dragúńová та Ján Gabriž. "Induction of Metalloproteinase 9 Secretion from Human Keratinocytes by Pleuran (β-Glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 64, № 7-8 (2009): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2009-7-820.

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Glucan preparations, primarily modifi ed water-soluble glucans, are involved in the activation of the body’s natural defense mechanisms and in the acceleration of the skin’s wound-healing processes. Pleuran, an insoluble β-D-glucan in hydrogel form, offers a natural alternative to more common chemically derivated soluble β-D-glucans. Pleuran was applied to human keratinocyte primary cultures, and after 24 h of incubation the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) by stimulated keratinocytes was detected using gelatine zymography. There was a concentration
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15

Bickett, Thomas, Elizabeth Creissen, Fabiola Silva Angulo, Antonio Izzo, Linda Izzo, and Angelo A. Izzo. "Characterizing the BCG induced T cell independent mechanisms for defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 62.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.62.12.

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Abstract Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) is a potent immune stimulator that activates innate and adaptive immunity. In the C57BL/6 mouse model of tuberculosis, BCG stimulated immunity causes a significant reduction of M. tuberculosis burden after pulmonary infection. The majority of work has focused on BCG induced T cell immunity as CD4+ T cells play a significant role in protection against tuberculosis. We hypothesized that BCG also induced a T cell independent mechanism that was sufficient to significantly restrict mycobacterial growth. BCG robustly activates innate immunit
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16

Habash, Samer S., Philipp P. Könen, Anita Loeschcke, et al. "The Plant Sesquiterpene Nootkatone Efficiently Reduces Heterodera schachtii Parasitism by Activating Plant Defense." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249627.

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Plant parasitic nematodes, including the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, constitute a devastating problem for crops worldwide. The limited availability of sustainable management options illustrates the need for new eco-friendly control means. Plant metabolites represent an invaluable source of active compounds for the discovery of such novel antagonistic agents. Here, we evaluated the impact of eight plant terpenoids on the H. schachtii parasitism of Arabidopsis thaliana. None of the metabolites affected the plant development (5 or 10 ppm). Nootkatone decreased the number of adult nem
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17

Sütö, T. S., L. G. Fine, F. Shimizu, and M. Kitamura. "In vivo transfer of engineered macrophages into the glomerulus: endogenous TGF-beta-mediated defense against macrophage-induced glomerular cell activation." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 5 (1997): 2476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.5.2476.

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Abstract Communication between resident glomerular cells and infiltrating macrophages plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease. Using matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as an indicator molecule, we examined the interaction between mesangial cells and macrophages. Mesangial cells cocultured with activated macrophages or exposed to macrophage-conditioned media produced abundant MMP-9. We identified the stimulator secreted by macrophages as IL-1 because mesangial cells overexpressing IL-1 receptor antagonist protein showed a blunted expression of MMP-9 in response to the mac
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18

Amparyup, Piti, Walaiporn Charoensapsri, Suthinee Soponpong, Miti Jearaphunt, Ratree Wongpanya, and Anchalee Tassanakajon. "Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) are crucial for shrimp antiviral defense against WSSV infection." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 117 (October 2021): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.016.

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19

Ali, Mamdouh, Eman Noaman, Sherien Kamal, Saaed Soliman та Dina Ismail. "Role of germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex as stimulator of some antioxidant defense systems in gamma-irradiated rats". Acta Pharmaceutica 57, № 1 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-007-0001-0.

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Role of germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex as stimulator of some antioxidant defense systems in gamma-irradiated rats This study was conducted to evaluate the potency of the newly prepared germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex [germanium dichloro tetrakis (L-cysteinyl-α-tocopherol amide) dichloride] as a protective agent against γ-irradiation-induced free radicals production and liver toxicity. Male Swiss albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with the germanium complex in a concentration of 75 mg kg-1 body mass per dose, for 6 successive doses, last dose administered twenty mi
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20

Prantner, Daniel, Darren J. Perkins, and Stefanie N. Vogel. "AMP-activated Kinase (AMPK) Promotes Innate Immunity and Antiviral Defense through Modulation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Signaling." Journal of Biological Chemistry 292, no. 1 (2016): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m116.763268.

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21

Torres-Odio, Sylvia, Yuanjiu Lei, Suzana Gispert, et al. "Loss of Mitochondrial Protease CLPP Activates Type I IFN Responses through the Mitochondrial DNA–cGAS–STING Signaling Axis." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 50.05. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.50.05.

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Abstract Caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase proteolytic subunit (CLPP) is a serine protease that degrades damaged or misfolded mitochondrial proteins. CLPP-null mice exhibit growth retardation, deafness, and sterility, resembling human Perrault syndrome (PS). Absence of CLPP also leads to immune system alterations but the molecular mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, we report the steady-state activation of type I IFN signaling and antiviral gene expression in CLPP-deficient cells and tissues, resulting in marked resistance to RNA and DNA virus
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22

Dobrochotova, Yu E., and A. Kh Karanasheva. "Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women of reproductive age: immunological aspects of modern algorithms for examination and treatment." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 16 (October 7, 2022): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-16-57-61.

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immunological defense complex is involved: the role of complement, T-lymphocytes, NK-cells is noted. Of particular importance among immune factors is interferon-γ, which is able to limit the reproduction of Candida fungi in the early stages of infection by stimulating the immune response. This is due to the fact that interferon-γ is the strongest stimulator of effector functions of macrophages (microbicidal activity, cytokine production), increases the expression of histocompatibility molecules MHCI and MHCII, as well as adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, increasing endothelial permeabil
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23

Paulis, Annalaura, and Enzo Tramontano. "Unlocking STING as a Therapeutic Antiviral Strategy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (2023): 7448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087448.

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Invading pathogens have developed weapons that subvert physiological conditions to weaken the host and permit the spread of infection. Cells, on their side, have thus developed countermeasures to maintain cellular physiology and counteract pathogenesis. The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes viral DNA present in the cytosol, activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein and leading to the production of type I interferons (IFN-I). Given its role in innate immunity activation, STING is considered an interesting and innovative
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Soh, Sandrine-M., Yeong-Jun Kim, Hong-Hee Kim, and Hye-Ra Lee. "Modulation of Ubiquitin Signaling in Innate Immune Response by Herpesviruses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (2022): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010492.

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The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a protein degradation machinery that is crucial for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Therefore, it is not surprising that the UPS coordinates almost all host cellular processes, including host–pathogen interactions. This protein degradation machinery acts predominantly by tagging substrate proteins designated for degradation with a ubiquitin molecule. These ubiquitin tags have been involved at various steps of the innate immune response. Hence, herpesviruses have evolved ways to antagonize the host defense mechanisms by targeting UPS components such
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Ran, Jin-Shan, Jie Jin, Xian-Xian Zhang, et al. "Molecular Characterization, Expression and Functional Analysis of Chicken STING." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123706.

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Innate immunity is an essential line of defense against pathogen invasion which is gained at birth, and the mechanism involved is mainly to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a signal junction molecule that hosts the perception of viral nucleic acids and produces type I interferon response, which plays a crucial role in innate immunity. However, relatively few studies have investigated the molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and potential function of STING in chickens. In this study, we c
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Franz, Kate M., William J. Neidermyer, Yee-Joo Tan, Sean P. J. Whelan, and Jonathan C. Kagan. "STING-dependent translation inhibition restricts RNA virus replication." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 9 (2018): E2058—E2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716937115.

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In mammalian cells, IFN responses that occur during RNA and DNA virus infections are activated by distinct signaling pathways. The RIG-I–like-receptors (RLRs) bind viral RNA and engage the adaptor MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) to promote IFN expression, whereas cGAS (cGMP–AMP synthase) binds viral DNA and activates an analogous pathway via the protein STING (stimulator of IFN genes). In this study, we confirm that STING is not necessary to induce IFN expression during RNA virus infection but also find that STING is required to restrict the replication of diverse RNA viruses. The ant
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Yu, Xiaofei, Paul Fisher, and Xiang-Yang Wang. "Inhibition of tumor growth by targeting the MDA5-IPS-1 pathway requires coordinated induction of cancer cell death and immune activation (TUM2P.891)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 71.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.71.15.

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Abstract Melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5 (MDA5), a cytosolic innate pattern recognition receptor for sensing double-stranded RNA, functions as a first line of defense against viral infection. Here we report that ectopic expression of MDA5, mediated by a replication incompetent adenovirus (Ad.Mda5), results in prostate cancer cell death and concomitant innate immune activation, e.g., production of type I interferons (IFNs). IFN-β promoter stimulator (IPS)-1, a downstream adaptor protein, is critical for MDA5-stimulated cancer cell apoptosis and type I IFN response. While MDA5-regu
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Yum, Seoyun, Minghao Li, Yan Fang та Zhijian J. Chen. "TBK1 recruitment to STING activates both IRF3 and NF-κB that mediate immune defense against tumors and viral infections". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, № 14 (2021): e2100225118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100225118.

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The induction of type I interferons through the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is considered a major outcome of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation that drives immune responses against DNA viruses and tumors. However, STING activation can also trigger other downstream pathways such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and autophagy, and the roles of interferon (IFN)-independent functions of STING in infectious diseases or cancer are not well understood. Here, we generated a STING mouse strain with a mutation (S365A) that disrupts IRF3 binding and the
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29

Demaria, Sandra, and Claire Vanpouille-Box. "TREX1 is a checkpoint for innate immune sensing of DNA damage that fosters cancer immune resistance." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 5 (2017): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170063.

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Genomic instability is a hallmark of neoplastic transformation that leads to the accumulation of mutations, and generates a state of replicative stress in neoplastic cells associated with dysregulated DNA damage repair (DDR) responses. The importance of increasing mutations in driving cancer progression is well established, whereas relatively little attention has been devoted to the DNA displaced to the cytosol of cancer cells, a byproduct of genomic instability and of the ensuing DDR response. The presence of DNA in the cytosol promotes the activation of viral defense pathways in all cells, l
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Cicalese, Stephanie M., Josiane Fernandes da Silva, Fernanda Priviero, R. Clinton Webb, Satoru Eguchi, and Rita C. Tostes. "Vascular Stress Signaling in Hypertension." Circulation Research 128, no. 7 (2021): 969–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318053.

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Cells respond to stress by activating a variety of defense signaling pathways, including cell survival and cell death pathways. Although cell survival signaling helps the cell to recover from acute insults, cell death or senescence pathways induced by chronic insults can lead to unresolved pathologies. Arterial hypertension results from chronic physiological maladaptation against various stressors represented by abnormal circulating or local neurohormonal factors, mechanical stress, intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, and dysfunctional organelles. Hypertension and aging share common
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Santos, Adriana Silva, Juliana Formiga Almeida, Marcio Santos da Silva, et al. "The Influence of H2O2 Application Methods on Melon Plants Submitted to Saline Stress." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 11 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n11p245.

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The salinity in irrigation water is one of the most important causes to decline cultivated plants yield. The H2O2 application has shown efficiency as a stimulator and activator for antioxidative defense system in plants submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods for hydrogen peroxide application as a strategy to minimize the effects of saline stress on melon plants. The experiment was designed in complete randomized blocks and set in 2 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting two levels for irrigation water salinity (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 2.0 dS
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Moskalev, Alexander V., Boris Yu Gumilevsky, Vasiliy Ya Apchel, and Vasiliy N. Tcygan. "Protein signaling molecules affecting the development of innate immunity mechanisms." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, no. 2 (2022): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma100441.

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The principle protein molecules (interferon gene stimulator, adapter proteins, B-cell lymphoma 2 proteins, zinc-finger antiviral protein, and others), mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, perforation of plasma membranes with kinase-like proteins of a mixed line, and ribonucleic acid neutralization, which ensure the development of innate immunity, are described. The main defense mechanisms that viruses have developed at the various stages of evolution are considered. The features of the development of the mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in a new coronavirus infection, which are associate
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Yu, Yang, Jingyang Liu, Cun Liu, et al. "Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS-STING: A Critical Switch for Immune Regulation." Cells 11, no. 19 (2022): 3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11193043.

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Innate immune mechanisms initiate immune responses via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a member of the PRRs, senses diverse pathogenic or endogenous DNA and activates innate immune signaling pathways, including the expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), type I interferon, and other inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, instructs the adaptive immune response development. This groundbreaking discovery has rapidly advanced research on host defense, cancer biology, and autoimmune disorders. Since cGAS/STING has enormous potential in eliciting
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34

Oelke, Mathias, Tonya J. Webb, Robert L. Giuntoli, II, et al. "Identification of an inhibitory ganglioside responsible for immune suppressive effects associated with ovarian cancer (100.27)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (2010): 100.27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.100.27.

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Abstract Tumors often use mechanisms to prevent or suppress immune recognition. One such mechanism is the shedding of immune-suppressive glycolipids into the local microenvironment. Previously we reported that pretreatment of CD1d expressing stimulator cells with ascites fluid from ovarian cancer patients inhibited the activation of NKT cells, one of the earliest lines of defense in an anti-cancer immune response. Here we identify the inhibitory factor responsible, ganglioside GD3, which we isolated from the polar lipid fraction of ovarian cancer-associated ascites. GD3 inhibited CD1d-mediated
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35

Meher, Hari C., Vijay T. Gajbhiye, and Ghanendra Singh. "Salicylic acid-induced glutathione status in tomato crop and resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood." Journal of Xenobiotics 1, no. 1 (2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2011.e5.

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Salicylic acid-(SA) is a plant defense stimulator. Exogenous application of SA might influence the status of glutathione-(GSH). GSH activates and SA alters the expression of defense genes to modulate plant resistance against pathogens. The fate of GSH in a crop following SA treatment is largely unknown. The SA-induced profiles of free reduced-, free oxidized-(GSSG) and protein bound-(PSSG) glutathione in tomato crop following foliar treatment of transplant at 5.0-10.0 μg mL–1 were measured by liquid chromatography. Resistance to root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incogn
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Wang, Yue-Feng, Xue-Yue Hou, Jun-Jie Deng, Zhi-Hong Yao, Man-Man Lyu, and Rong-Shu Zhang. "AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 1 Acts as a Positive Regulator in the Response of Poplar to Trichoderma asperellum Inoculation in Overexpressing Plants." Plants 9, no. 2 (2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020272.

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Numerous Trichoderma strains have been reported to be optimal biofertilizers and biocontrol agents with low production costs and environmentally friendly properties. Trichoderma spp. promote the growth and immunity of plants by multiple means. Interfering with the hormonal homeostasis in plants is the most critical strategy. However, the mechanisms underlying plants’ responses to Trichoderma remain to be further elucidated. Auxin is the most important phytohormone that regulates almost every aspect of a plant’s life, especially the trade-off between growth and defense. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTO
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Rice, Marion. "Curriculum Artifacts." Practicing Anthropology 8, no. 3-4 (1986): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.8.3-4.j233522h2w7173hj.

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A quarter of a century spans the enactment of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) of 1958 and the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983. Both grew out of a concern for the condition of learning in our nation's schools. But there the resemblance ends. NDEA presaged a decade of curriculum creativity, focusing on the structure of the disciplines; the 1983 report thus far has produced primarily attempts to reform through school centralization and bureaucratic monitoring. Forgotten in the recent effort are the three most important ingredients of learning: the teacher, the pupil, and the par
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38

Tupik, Juselyn D., Justin W. Markov Madanick, Hannah M. Ivester, and Irving C. Allen. "Detecting DNA: An Overview of DNA Recognition by Inflammasomes and Protection against Bacterial Respiratory Infections." Cells 11, no. 10 (2022): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11101681.

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The innate immune system plays a key role in modulating host immune defense during bacterial disease. Upon sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), the multi-protein complex known as the inflammasome serves a protective role against bacteria burden through facilitating pathogen clearance and bacteria lysis. This can occur through two mechanisms: (1) the cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18 and (2) the initiation of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. In recent literature, AIM2-like Receptor (ALR) and Nod-like Receptor (NLR) inflammasome activation has been i
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Hu, Shuiqing, Yan Fang, Xiang Chen, et al. "cGAS restricts colon cancer development by protecting intestinal barrier integrity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 23 (2021): e2105747118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105747118.

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The DNA-sensing enzyme cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) regulates inflammation and immune defense against pathogens and malignant cells. Although cGAS has been shown to exert antitumor effects in several mouse models harboring transplanted tumor cell lines, its role in tumors arising from endogenous tissues remains unknown. Here, we show that deletion of cGAS in mice exacerbated chemical-induced colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). Interestingly, mice lacking cGAS were more susceptible to CAC than those lacking stimulator of interferon genes
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40

Sisson, J. H. "Ethanol stimulates apparent nitric oxide-dependent ciliary beat frequency in bovine airway epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 268, no. 4 (1995): L596—L600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.4.l596.

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The mucociliary apparatus of the lung provides an important host-defense function by clearing the upper airway of inhaled particles and infectious microorganisms. Because lung host defenses are impaired in alcoholics, we hypothesized that ethanol would decrease ciliary motility in airway epithelium. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured by videomicroscopy in primary cultures of ciliated bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs). Ethanol rapidly stimulated ciliary motility in a time-dependent fashion with concentrations as low as 10 mM. No detectable decreases in ciliary motility were noted
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41

Gewirtz, A. M., W. Y. Xu, and K. F. Mangan. "Role of natural killer cells, in comparison with T lymphocytes and monocytes, in the regulation of normal human megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 9 (1987): 2915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.9.2915.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play an important role in host defense against virus-infected and neoplastic cells. Recent reports suggest that these cells may also influence developmental events in the course of normal erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis. The role of NK cells in the regulation of normal human megakaryocytopoiesis has not been reported, but clinical observations suggest that NK cell effects on megakaryocyte progenitors might differ from those of other cell lineages. We therefore carried out in vitro studies designed to assess the influence of NK cells on the gr
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42

Martin, Gary R., Carolina Salazar Arcila, Laura J. Hallihan, Teresa Scheidl-Yee, and Frank R. Jirik. "Inducible generalized activation of hSTING-N154S expression in mice leads to lethal hypercytokinemia: a model for “cytokine storm”." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 113, no. 3 (2023): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleuko/qiac019.

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Abstract Excessive levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators, known as “hypercytokinemia,” that are generated by overwhelming immune system activation can lead to death due to critical organ failure and thrombotic events. Hypercytokinemia has been frequently associated with a variety of infectious and autoimmune diseases, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection currently being the commonest cause, of what has been termed the cytokine storm. Among its various functions within the host, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is critical in the defense against certain
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Zhang, Dandan, Chenhe Su, and Chunfu Zheng. "Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Serine Protease VP24 Blocks the DNA-Sensing Signal Pathway by Abrogating Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3." Journal of Virology 90, no. 12 (2016): 5824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00186-16.

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ABSTRACTThe interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response is a central aspect of host defense; however, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to counteract IFN-mediated responses in order to successfully infect the host. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a typical human-restricted DNA virus, is capable of counteracting host immune responses via several distinct viral proteins, thus establishing a lifelong latent infection. In this study, we demonstrate that the VP24 protein, a serine protease of HSV-1 essential for the formation and maturation of capsids, is a novel antagonist of the beta inte
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Yahyapour, Rasoul, Peyman Amini, Hana Saffar, et al. "Protective Effect of Metformin, Resveratrol and Alpha-lipoic Acid on Radiation- Induced Pneumonitis and Fibrosis: A Histopathological Study." Current Drug Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589977511666191018180758.

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Background: Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are the most common side effects of chest radiotherapy. They result from massive and chronic production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), inhibition of antioxidant enzymes as well as the release of several inflammatory mediators. In this study, we aimed to detect the radioprotective effects of metformin (as inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS), resveratrol (as stimulator of antioxidant defense enzymes) and alpha-lipoic acid (as direct antioxidant) for alleviating radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis. Methods: 80 Male Mice were randomly al
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Morimoto, Daishi, Shigeru Matsumura, Itzel Bustos-Villalobos, et al. "C-REV Retains High Infectivity Regardless of the Expression Levels of cGAS and STING in Cultured Pancreatic Cancer Cells." Cells 10, no. 6 (2021): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061502.

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Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is widely considered as a major breakthrough in anti-cancer treatments. In our previous study, the efficacy and safety of using C-REV for anti-cancer therapy in patients during stage I clinical trial was reported. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–TBK1–IRF3–IFN pathway is known to act as the central cellular host defense against viral infection. Recent reports have linked low expression levels of cGAS and STING in cancer cells to poor prognosis among patients. Moreover, downregulation of cGAS and STING has been linked to higher susceptibility to OV infecti
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Pei, Dongli, Qingchen Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhu, and Lei Zhang. "Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt and Growth Promotion in Tomato by Rhizospheric Soil-Derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Oj-2.16." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010037.

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Verticillium wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae seriously affects tomato quality and yield. In this work, strain Oj-2.16 was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the medicinal plant Ophiopogon japonicas and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. Strain Oj-2.16 exhibited a high inhibition rate against V. dahliae, and the hyphae inhibited by Oj-2.16 were found to be destroyed on scanning electron microscopy. Lipopeptide and dipeptide genes were detected in the Oj-2.16 genome by PCR ampl
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47

Mohanlal, Ramon W., and Lan Huang. "Effect of plinabulin, a novel late-clinical stage immunotherapeutic agent on the adaptive and innate immune system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 5_suppl (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.5_suppl.8.

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8 Background: Plinabulin (Plin) is a small molecule Dendritic Cell modulator, which in the presence of antigen, increases T-cell proliferation in an antigen-dependent manner marrow. The addition of Plin to Docetaxel (Doc) improved mOS with 4.6 months vs Docetaxel monotherapy, and prolonged DoR with more than 1 year (p < 0.05), which is indicative of an immune-mediated mechanism of action (Mohanlal, ASCO-SITC 2017). Neutrophils are our first line of innate immune defense against foreign invaders. We previously reported that Plinabulin prevents chemotherapy (Chemo) Induced Neutropenia (CIN) i
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48

van der Graaf, Chantal A. A., Mihai G. Netea, Ineke Verschueren, Jos W. M. van der Meer, and Bart Jan Kullberg. "Differential Cytokine Production and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways by Candida albicans Blastoconidia and Hyphae." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (2005): 7458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7458-7464.2005.

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ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLR) are crucial for an efficient antifungal defense. We investigated the differential recognition of blastoconidia and hyphae of Candida albicans by TLRs. In contrast to Candida blastoconidia, which stimulated large amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), the tissue-invasive Candida hyphae did not stimulate any IFN-γ by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or murine splenic lymphocytes. After stimulation with blastoconidia, the production of IFN-γ was TLR4 dependent, as shown by the significantly decreased IFN-γ production in anti-TLR4-treated PBMC and in
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49

Munroe, Melissa E., Rufei Lu, Yan D. Zhao, et al. "Altered type II interferon precedes autoantibody accrual and elevated type I interferon activity prior to systemic lupus erythematosus classification." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75, no. 11 (2016): 2014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208140.

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ObjectivesThe relationship of immune dysregulation and autoantibody production that may contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis is unknown. This study evaluates the individual and combined contributions of autoantibodies, type I interferon (IFN-α) activity, and IFN-associated soluble mediators to disease development leading to SLE.MethodsSerial serum specimens from 55 individuals collected prior to SLE classification (average timespan=4.3 years) and unaffected healthy controls matched by age (±5 years), gender, race and time of sample procurement were obtained from the De
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Anderson, Anne J., and Young Cheol Kim. "The Plant-Stress Metabolites, Hexanoic Aacid and Melatonin, Are Potential “Vaccines” for Plant Health Promotion." Plant Pathology Journal 37, no. 5 (2021): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.rw.01.2021.0011.

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A plethora of compounds stimulate protective mechanisms in plants against microbial pathogens and abiotic stresses. Some defense activators are synthetic compounds and trigger responses only in certain protective pathways, such as activation of defenses under regulation by the plant regulator, salicylic acid (SA). This review discusses the potential of naturally occurring plant metabolites as primers for defense responses in the plant. The production of the metabolites, hexanoic acid and melatonin, in plants means they are consumed when plants are eaten as foods. Both metabolites prime stronge
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